Corinna Del Bianco
Researcher and photographer. Holds a PhD at the Politecnico di Milano where she is adjunct professor of Urban Design at the Department of Architecture and Urban Studies (DAStU).
She's founder and board Member of the Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco.
She focuses on local development, also in the context of the global south, through the enhancement of cultural identities in changing urban environments, considering the tourism dynamics and the nature-culture relationships. As a consultant, since 2017, she has carried out research and photographic, curatorial, educational projects.
www.corinnadelbianco.com FB and IG @corinnadelbianco
Supervisors: Michael Turner, Michele Ugolini , Stefano Boeri, and Pier Paolo Tamburelli
Address: Italy
She's founder and board Member of the Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco.
She focuses on local development, also in the context of the global south, through the enhancement of cultural identities in changing urban environments, considering the tourism dynamics and the nature-culture relationships. As a consultant, since 2017, she has carried out research and photographic, curatorial, educational projects.
www.corinnadelbianco.com FB and IG @corinnadelbianco
Supervisors: Michael Turner, Michele Ugolini , Stefano Boeri, and Pier Paolo Tamburelli
Address: Italy
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Books by Corinna Del Bianco
Up to today the research counts three case studies: Jardim Filhos da Terra in Sao Paulo, Pok fu Lam in Hong Kong, and four selected neighbourhoods of Pemba in Mozambique. The Brazilian case study was developed under the supervision of Stefano Boeri as master thesis research in 2012 at the Politecnico di Milano.
Jardim Filhos da Terra was spontaneously born in 1984 and, at the time of the onsite survey, was under its regularization process, from an informal to a formal settlement. Here an integrated survey was carried out with videos, interviews, photographic reportages, historical and demographical analysis that accompany the typo-morphological study of the neighbourhood. Among the analysis results are, on the typological side the hypothesis of the evolution of the house within the plot and on the other the morphological analysis highlighted the lack of public spaces to which answered with a project of two open air ecumenic churches: an Afro-Brazilian and a Christian one.
For its second publication (2020) the documentation was updated with a reflection on the neighbourhood evolution in the last 8 years but unfortunately the pandemic did not allow the intended onsite survey.
Self-built houses born from need, in haste and with limited economical resources are often considered to be temporary structures but frequently become an integral part of the urban fabric, representative of a local culture of living. The study is part of the Spontaneous Living Spaces research project, and through a variety of documentation tools, it investigates the evolution of the architectural and urban elements that characterize self-built dwellings in Pemba.
The evolution of the spontaneous living culture creates new forms of living in the city connected to local cultural expressions and the environment. These are placed in relation to the traditional and contemporary living cultures, settlement trends and the natural environment.
Covering a history of housing in Mozambique and unpacking four settlement types in Pemba, this book is written for academics, professionals and researchers in architecture and planning with a particular interest in African architecture and urbanism.
Table of contents:
Foreword by Michael Turner
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Spontaneous Living Spaces, a research project
1.2 Understanding Africa’s great cultural chance
1.3 A glance at Mozambique
2 Studying the Mozambican self-built houses in the city of Pemba
2.1 The relevance of the current housing issue in Mozambique
2.2 Pemba and its relevance in the dwelling issue
2.3 Research goals
2.4 Methodology and essential literature review
2.5 Chapters organization
3 An interpretative framework of habitation in Mozambique
3.1 The origins of the Mozambican house
3.2 Outlining the urbanization trends over the history of Mozambique: from a rural to an urban society
4 Understanding Pemba
4.1 An integrated analysis
4.2 City scale overview
4.3 Framing the Pemba case study
5 Unpacking four settlement types in Pemba
5.1 The four selected neighbourhoods: selection and survey
5.2 Formation and recent evolution
5.3 Urban morphology
5.4 Houses’ spaces and functions
5.5 Elements and objects
5.6 Types analysis and typology determination
5.7 New characters of living
6 Conclusions
List of figures and tables
Acronyms
Essential Glossary
Acknowledgements
Slums are no more a temporary solution to the need of housing but they are becoming permanent. The phenomenon of informality, as solution of an urgent need of housing in an exponential growing economy and city, was present in different ages and was studied by architects and urbanists along the history of architecture.
Slums are present in most of the developing countries. The choice of São Paulo, Brazil, was done because the city has invested on a deep research of the phenomenon and is making a strong effort to find a solution in the integration of the informal settlements in the urban fabric. In Brazil it was possible to find knowledge, materials, researches and an open mind on the subject. Through the help of the municipality of São Paulo, it was possible to choose an appropriate study area in order to identify an urban morphology and typology.
The chosen area is a block in the Guapira II favela, in the Northern region of São Paulo. The neighborhood is called by its inhabitants Jardim Filhos da Terra.
Following in the footsteps of Saverio Muratori in his Studies on the development of the city of Venice, the same method of analysis was carried out to investigate the number of 68 plots in the favela.
In this survey more than plans and façades, the analysis of socioeconomic aspects and the history of the neighborhood, gave birth to hypothesis on how the buildings evolve through the time. This survey leaded to the project of two open spaces. These are two open-air ecumenic churches: an Afro-Brazilian and a Christian one.
Papers by Corinna Del Bianco
the teaching experimentation project, coordinated by Barbara Coppetti and
Elvio Manganaro, dedicated to schools, which promotes dialogue between the School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Engineering (AUIC) and the Milanese municipal administration. The subject of schools was of crucial importance during the pandemic, which disrupted a system that was already undergoing a profound revolution with the advent of digital technologies. The school system reacted with enthusiasm and, in many cases, with skilled improvisation, managing to respond quickly with remote teaching. This has led us to need to rethink the fundamentals of schools and their function, in terms of teaching and attendance, reimagining the spaces – in the interests of teaching securely – and reflecting on their relationship with the city. Unlike the 2021 edition which had to be held completely remotely, MIAW 2022 was held in person between 6 and 17 June and it offered a return to normality, with opportunities for debate and discussion during the classes, public lectures by visiting professors – which had also been included in the New European Bauhaus programme – and a final presentation day with a jury composed of professors from the Politecnico. The workshop was opened on 17 May with a launch day held online, which was open to the public, for the purposes of introducing and meeting the participants and professors. The intention of this paper is to make a contribution to the recording of the international workshop experience, while providing some observations following an overview of the project outcomes.
Spontaneous Living Spaces is a research project that focuses on the diversity of the cultures of living and considers their spontaneous forms as heritage, to be protected and enhanced, especially in their intangible knowledge and social and environmental relationships. It documents and analyses the places’ culture of living through a variety of tools from the architectural survey to the photo-reportage. The work is aimed at recognizing the cultural importance of these parts of urban fabric and providing the tools for Municipalities, planners and designers to work with full awareness of the local culture of living.
Since 2011 the project developed three case studies: Jardim Filhos da Terra a favela in Sao Paulo (Brazil), Pok Fu Lam, a low-density neighbourhood in Hong Kong (China) and four selected neighbourhoods of Pemba (Mozambique). The project is open to new cases for the creation of an atlas of the spontaneous culture of living.
especialmente dentro de los países que ahora viven su desarrollo y urbanización.
Las casas autoconstruidas surgen de la necesidad, se hacen en poco tiempo y con
recursos económicos limitados. Ya sea que resulten legalmente formales o informales,
existe la tendencia a considerarlos como elementos temporales del tejido
urbano, aunque en muchos casos se convierten en su parte constituyente. Por lo
tanto, la investigación analiza estas casas como parte integral del tejido urbano,
tanto para proporcionar documentación sobre este aspecto del crecimiento urbano
como para comprender la forma cultural de la vida que sucede en ellas. Los espacios
de vida espontáneos consideran las casas autoconstruidas como elementos
fundamentales que expresan la forma de vida a nivel social, comunitario, familiar
y privado. Metodológicamente, las casas se mapean a través de un conjunto de
herramientas de representación (fotografía, video, bocetos, dibujos arquitectónicos
y urbanos, para un análisis tipo-morfológico, diagramas, entrevistas). El mapeo
involucró profundamente a la comunidad local y sus habitantes con quienes fue
crucial desarrollar una relación de confianza para permitir realizar encuestas al
interior de las casas. La investigación nació en 2011 y hasta la fecha ha consistido
en tres estudios de caso: Jardim Filhos da Terra a favela en Sao Paulo (Brasil); Pok
Fu Lam, un barrio de baja densidad en Hong Kong; y cuatro barrios seleccionados
de Pemba, Mozambique.
globe. Much of the new housing stock in the developing world is being provided for by the informal sector.
Rather than treat this as an unplanned, liminal spatial practice, we should instead seek to better theorize and
describe its socio-spatial logic. We propose that informal settlements do exhibit a complex logic that is grounded
in practice, which we refer to as a logic of enactment. We develop a set of propositions for characterizing these
logics, building on a Bourdieusian framework, and test these in Guapira II, a favela in São Paulo. Informal logic,
as manifested in informal settlements, is seen to exhibit the characteristics of sociopoiesis and contextuality,
constituting a complex rationality. The nature of design in the informal is a relational one.
The survey of the living spaces patterns was carried out on site.
Therefore, it is natural and necessary to consider them as an integral part of the city: representing a stage of the city development, they need to be recognized and studied, both for their documentation, and for the analysis of the characteristics of contemporary living in contexts that have not been designed by professionals.
The comprehension of the diversity of the living cultures makes possible a deeper understanding of a social and cultural context, taking into account the local tangible and intangible heritage and traditional knowledge.
Up to today the research focused on three case studies located in the tropical zone: the first surveyed a block in the favela Guapira II of Sao Paulo, Brazil; the second case study represents the houses of Pok Fu Lam, an historical neighbourhood of Hong Kong; the third one consists in the survey of four neighbourhoods of the coastal city of Pemba, in Mozambique. Case studies are surveyed in their morphological and typological residential features.
The survey methodology uses a variety of representation tools (pictures, videos, sketches, drawings, diagrams, interviews…) deeply involves the community with its inhabitants that need to open their houses doors.
Up to today the research counts three case studies: Jardim Filhos da Terra in Sao Paulo, Pok fu Lam in Hong Kong, and four selected neighbourhoods of Pemba in Mozambique. The Brazilian case study was developed under the supervision of Stefano Boeri as master thesis research in 2012 at the Politecnico di Milano.
Jardim Filhos da Terra was spontaneously born in 1984 and, at the time of the onsite survey, was under its regularization process, from an informal to a formal settlement. Here an integrated survey was carried out with videos, interviews, photographic reportages, historical and demographical analysis that accompany the typo-morphological study of the neighbourhood. Among the analysis results are, on the typological side the hypothesis of the evolution of the house within the plot and on the other the morphological analysis highlighted the lack of public spaces to which answered with a project of two open air ecumenic churches: an Afro-Brazilian and a Christian one.
For its second publication (2020) the documentation was updated with a reflection on the neighbourhood evolution in the last 8 years but unfortunately the pandemic did not allow the intended onsite survey.
Self-built houses born from need, in haste and with limited economical resources are often considered to be temporary structures but frequently become an integral part of the urban fabric, representative of a local culture of living. The study is part of the Spontaneous Living Spaces research project, and through a variety of documentation tools, it investigates the evolution of the architectural and urban elements that characterize self-built dwellings in Pemba.
The evolution of the spontaneous living culture creates new forms of living in the city connected to local cultural expressions and the environment. These are placed in relation to the traditional and contemporary living cultures, settlement trends and the natural environment.
Covering a history of housing in Mozambique and unpacking four settlement types in Pemba, this book is written for academics, professionals and researchers in architecture and planning with a particular interest in African architecture and urbanism.
Table of contents:
Foreword by Michael Turner
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Spontaneous Living Spaces, a research project
1.2 Understanding Africa’s great cultural chance
1.3 A glance at Mozambique
2 Studying the Mozambican self-built houses in the city of Pemba
2.1 The relevance of the current housing issue in Mozambique
2.2 Pemba and its relevance in the dwelling issue
2.3 Research goals
2.4 Methodology and essential literature review
2.5 Chapters organization
3 An interpretative framework of habitation in Mozambique
3.1 The origins of the Mozambican house
3.2 Outlining the urbanization trends over the history of Mozambique: from a rural to an urban society
4 Understanding Pemba
4.1 An integrated analysis
4.2 City scale overview
4.3 Framing the Pemba case study
5 Unpacking four settlement types in Pemba
5.1 The four selected neighbourhoods: selection and survey
5.2 Formation and recent evolution
5.3 Urban morphology
5.4 Houses’ spaces and functions
5.5 Elements and objects
5.6 Types analysis and typology determination
5.7 New characters of living
6 Conclusions
List of figures and tables
Acronyms
Essential Glossary
Acknowledgements
Slums are no more a temporary solution to the need of housing but they are becoming permanent. The phenomenon of informality, as solution of an urgent need of housing in an exponential growing economy and city, was present in different ages and was studied by architects and urbanists along the history of architecture.
Slums are present in most of the developing countries. The choice of São Paulo, Brazil, was done because the city has invested on a deep research of the phenomenon and is making a strong effort to find a solution in the integration of the informal settlements in the urban fabric. In Brazil it was possible to find knowledge, materials, researches and an open mind on the subject. Through the help of the municipality of São Paulo, it was possible to choose an appropriate study area in order to identify an urban morphology and typology.
The chosen area is a block in the Guapira II favela, in the Northern region of São Paulo. The neighborhood is called by its inhabitants Jardim Filhos da Terra.
Following in the footsteps of Saverio Muratori in his Studies on the development of the city of Venice, the same method of analysis was carried out to investigate the number of 68 plots in the favela.
In this survey more than plans and façades, the analysis of socioeconomic aspects and the history of the neighborhood, gave birth to hypothesis on how the buildings evolve through the time. This survey leaded to the project of two open spaces. These are two open-air ecumenic churches: an Afro-Brazilian and a Christian one.
the teaching experimentation project, coordinated by Barbara Coppetti and
Elvio Manganaro, dedicated to schools, which promotes dialogue between the School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Engineering (AUIC) and the Milanese municipal administration. The subject of schools was of crucial importance during the pandemic, which disrupted a system that was already undergoing a profound revolution with the advent of digital technologies. The school system reacted with enthusiasm and, in many cases, with skilled improvisation, managing to respond quickly with remote teaching. This has led us to need to rethink the fundamentals of schools and their function, in terms of teaching and attendance, reimagining the spaces – in the interests of teaching securely – and reflecting on their relationship with the city. Unlike the 2021 edition which had to be held completely remotely, MIAW 2022 was held in person between 6 and 17 June and it offered a return to normality, with opportunities for debate and discussion during the classes, public lectures by visiting professors – which had also been included in the New European Bauhaus programme – and a final presentation day with a jury composed of professors from the Politecnico. The workshop was opened on 17 May with a launch day held online, which was open to the public, for the purposes of introducing and meeting the participants and professors. The intention of this paper is to make a contribution to the recording of the international workshop experience, while providing some observations following an overview of the project outcomes.
Spontaneous Living Spaces is a research project that focuses on the diversity of the cultures of living and considers their spontaneous forms as heritage, to be protected and enhanced, especially in their intangible knowledge and social and environmental relationships. It documents and analyses the places’ culture of living through a variety of tools from the architectural survey to the photo-reportage. The work is aimed at recognizing the cultural importance of these parts of urban fabric and providing the tools for Municipalities, planners and designers to work with full awareness of the local culture of living.
Since 2011 the project developed three case studies: Jardim Filhos da Terra a favela in Sao Paulo (Brazil), Pok Fu Lam, a low-density neighbourhood in Hong Kong (China) and four selected neighbourhoods of Pemba (Mozambique). The project is open to new cases for the creation of an atlas of the spontaneous culture of living.
especialmente dentro de los países que ahora viven su desarrollo y urbanización.
Las casas autoconstruidas surgen de la necesidad, se hacen en poco tiempo y con
recursos económicos limitados. Ya sea que resulten legalmente formales o informales,
existe la tendencia a considerarlos como elementos temporales del tejido
urbano, aunque en muchos casos se convierten en su parte constituyente. Por lo
tanto, la investigación analiza estas casas como parte integral del tejido urbano,
tanto para proporcionar documentación sobre este aspecto del crecimiento urbano
como para comprender la forma cultural de la vida que sucede en ellas. Los espacios
de vida espontáneos consideran las casas autoconstruidas como elementos
fundamentales que expresan la forma de vida a nivel social, comunitario, familiar
y privado. Metodológicamente, las casas se mapean a través de un conjunto de
herramientas de representación (fotografía, video, bocetos, dibujos arquitectónicos
y urbanos, para un análisis tipo-morfológico, diagramas, entrevistas). El mapeo
involucró profundamente a la comunidad local y sus habitantes con quienes fue
crucial desarrollar una relación de confianza para permitir realizar encuestas al
interior de las casas. La investigación nació en 2011 y hasta la fecha ha consistido
en tres estudios de caso: Jardim Filhos da Terra a favela en Sao Paulo (Brasil); Pok
Fu Lam, un barrio de baja densidad en Hong Kong; y cuatro barrios seleccionados
de Pemba, Mozambique.
globe. Much of the new housing stock in the developing world is being provided for by the informal sector.
Rather than treat this as an unplanned, liminal spatial practice, we should instead seek to better theorize and
describe its socio-spatial logic. We propose that informal settlements do exhibit a complex logic that is grounded
in practice, which we refer to as a logic of enactment. We develop a set of propositions for characterizing these
logics, building on a Bourdieusian framework, and test these in Guapira II, a favela in São Paulo. Informal logic,
as manifested in informal settlements, is seen to exhibit the characteristics of sociopoiesis and contextuality,
constituting a complex rationality. The nature of design in the informal is a relational one.
The survey of the living spaces patterns was carried out on site.
Therefore, it is natural and necessary to consider them as an integral part of the city: representing a stage of the city development, they need to be recognized and studied, both for their documentation, and for the analysis of the characteristics of contemporary living in contexts that have not been designed by professionals.
The comprehension of the diversity of the living cultures makes possible a deeper understanding of a social and cultural context, taking into account the local tangible and intangible heritage and traditional knowledge.
Up to today the research focused on three case studies located in the tropical zone: the first surveyed a block in the favela Guapira II of Sao Paulo, Brazil; the second case study represents the houses of Pok Fu Lam, an historical neighbourhood of Hong Kong; the third one consists in the survey of four neighbourhoods of the coastal city of Pemba, in Mozambique. Case studies are surveyed in their morphological and typological residential features.
The survey methodology uses a variety of representation tools (pictures, videos, sketches, drawings, diagrams, interviews…) deeply involves the community with its inhabitants that need to open their houses doors.
Partners: Politechnika Lubelska, Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, Universidad Politecnica De Madrid, Università Degli Studi Di Roma La Sapienza, Fondazione Flaminia, Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco, ICOMOS Poland, project leader Politechnika Lubelska.
The three courses developped by the Foundation are two studios (one compulsory one facultative) and a theoretical course that take place in the third semester of the master, second year of study. These courses are named:
* Heritage Sites and Environmental Protection, 45 hours, 3 ECTS
* Sustainable Urban Design in Heritage Sites, 60 hours, 4 ECTS
* Urban Design in Cities attracting Multicultural Travellers, 45 hours, 3 ECTS
Partners: Politechnika Lubelska, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Alma Mater Studiorum - Universita di Bologna, Panepistimio Ioanninon, PKN Icomos, Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco, Fondazione Flaminia e Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg
• Abstract Book of the Scientific Symposium, ISBN 978-88-943894-7-0
• The World Forum to Change through Dialogue - Building Peace through Heritage 2020, Board Members of the Romualdo Del Bianco Foundation, ISBN 978-88-943894-9-4
• Proceedings of the Scientific Symposium, ISBN 978-88-943894-8-7
The three volumes are available free on www.lifebeyondtourism.org/download for the Members of the Life Beyond Tourism Movement
A strip of land wedged between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, two enclosed inland seas, hosts the Caucasus. The Caucasus are two parallel mountain ranges, soft and green, rich in water; with valleys, plains and deserts. A mountainous range that marks the passage from Europe to Asia. Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as Russia, make up the countries of the South Caucasus. They are similar in colours and in the perfumes of the land, but profoundly different in their populations, their languages and alphabet, their religions and traditions, and their natural resources.
The report here is composed of images collected over the course of two trips, the first to Georgia and Azerbaijan in 2010, and the second to Armenia in 2011. I could observe and document the changes in the city of Baku (Azerbaijan) through repeated trips and with projects published in numerous international architecture journals. However, I preferred to report the most homogenous view possible on the three countries, showing that, despite their differences and contrasts they represent a single, dense, and compact geographical area.
A homogenous view on the countries because it was the first time that I went to all three of them and had a new perspective, devoid of any influences. It was homogenous given the trip’s program; in all three cases I was warmly hosted and accompanied to visit the peri-urban and rural zones. It was homogenous given the duration of the trip, in that I spent about one week in each country. Lastly, it was homogenous given the lenses and the photographic instrument used.
This photographic project intends to contribute to give a transversal glance at the three independent Caucasian countries. This includes the relationship between the countryside and the city, and the rural and the urban landscapes; the local cultural heritage in its tangible and intangible forms; the societal aspects tied to traditions and their own cultural expressions; the economy, which is so different in the three countries due to the resources they possess and exploit, and that is manifested in the urban organism. Finally, the infrastructures, often renovated and modern, but that are still punctured by elements from both the history of the Ottoman Empire and from the years under the Soviet rule of the 20th century. These elements give a special flavour to the images and highlight the historical detachments of these three societies that, in parallel, are rebuilding and reclaiming their own identities.
and in many cases, this has resulted in a
spontaneous importation of rural housing
models into cities through the construction
skills of the inhabitants themselves. Since 2011,
the Spontaneous Living Spaces research project
has been studying the ways in which self-built
houses are constructed and inhabited, treating
them as mirrors of the local cultural identity.
The project examines spontaneous living as
an important element of the urban cultural
landscape and of local tangible and intangible
forms of heritage, and it seeks to preserve,
communicate, and enhance the diversity of
cultural expression. The studies are conducted
through field surveys that produce a variety of
documentation (architectural drawings, urban
analysis, interviews, photo-reportage, etc.), and
case studies have so far been developed in Sao
Paulo, Hong Kong, and Pemba.
Prato was born as a polycentric agricultural settlement, a characteristic that remains today, and, since the 20th century it has
established itself for its textile activity, becoming one of the most important industrial districts in Italy, the largest textile
center in Europe and one of the world leaders in production of yarns and fabrics (about 7,000 companies in the fashion
sector). At the same time, the historic center of Prato has significant cultural value, as a medieval Italian walled city. Still
today, its walls, monuments and palaces can be visited and are representative of the local heritage and cultural landscape.
Prato has long been a destination for immigration from neighbouring areas within Italy, but since the 1990s immigration
from China, Albania, Romania and Pakistan has intensified. With the social fabric profoundly altered as a result of the arrival
and expansion of extremely diversified cultural contexts, the city, with its communities, is now facing new conservation
responsibilities. Today the city, also home to major universities, is developing projects aimed at environmental sustainability,
including forestation, the Prato Urban Jungle, and a circular economy, the Prato Circular City.
Challenging binaries, Prato has strong dichotomies such as rural and industrial production in an historical context,
modernity and tradition, nature being brought back to the city, as well as tangible and intangible heritages. In 2022, the
municipality, as part of its draft Structural Plan, commissioned research on Prato’s identity and multiculturalism. This paper
narrates the objectives, method and results of the research together with conclusions.
architectural, urban and interior design of the Politecnico of Milan, is aimed at
understanding the main evolution lines that define the relationship between the
house, the city and the main settlement trends, analysing how the traditional
self-built architecture is evolving and creating new city patterns. The research
focused on the case study of Pemba, an original Swahili settlement on the
northern coast of Mozambique (Cabo Delgado region). The urban context of
Pemba has limited dimensions but it is now expanding exponentially. One of the
main features of this urban expansion is self-construction that is allowed and
encouraged by the municipality. In a context in which the rural settlement model
is still the prevailing one and in which the concept of city is not rooted as in the
western tradition, the birth and growth of new cities allow for the development
of new logics of settlement that are mixing the traditional rural spaces and
functions with those of the contemporary urbanism. The phenomenon of urban
evolution in Pemba can be analysed because this is an area where dimensions
and speed of expansion are controllable. Here it is possible to detect variances
and permanences compared to the rural models of settlement. In the course of
this evolutionary process it is possible to understand which architectural and
urban elements are to be valued as possible alternatives to the urban development.
The survey of the living spaces patterns was carried out on site.
All this allows people to move, to travel and visit cultural and natural heritage sites all over the world; but our wisdom will help us to grasp the opportunities offered from by the encounters among multi-cultural visitors of multiculturalities generated byattracted by heritage for, to advance advancing in-tercultural dialogue across the world.
This iIntercultural dialogue, in its turn, will extend the impact of heritage's impact on the "UNESCO In-ternational Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures (2013 – 2022)" and will extend the goals for of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Which role the international community of heritage conservators, urban planners, architects, travel and hospitality operators, world heritage sites management plans managers, local traditional and typi-cal producers can play?