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WO2025242815A1 - Immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma - Google Patents

Immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma

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Publication number
WO2025242815A1
WO2025242815A1 PCT/EP2025/064160 EP2025064160W WO2025242815A1 WO 2025242815 A1 WO2025242815 A1 WO 2025242815A1 EP 2025064160 W EP2025064160 W EP 2025064160W WO 2025242815 A1 WO2025242815 A1 WO 2025242815A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combination
nucleic acid
fragment
antigen
seq
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2025/064160
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Lutz
Michael Vincent MARTIN
Katarina FRANKE
Salvador AGUILAR ROSAS
Ronald Plasterk
Wigard Kloosterman
Esteban PEGUERO SANCHEZ
Janna Frieda KRÜGER
Vanessa Filipa SILVA BOURA KADEL
Randi Kristina FEIST
Regina HEIDENREICH
Markus Zettl
Yasser Bruno Ruiz Blanco
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Curevac SE
Original Assignee
Curevac SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Curevac SE filed Critical Curevac SE
Publication of WO2025242815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025242815A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/0011Cancer antigens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/0011Cancer antigens
    • A61K39/001184Cancer testis antigens, e.g. SSX, BAGE, GAGE or SAGE
    • A61K39/001186MAGE
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/82Translation products from oncogenes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/515Animal cells
    • A61K2039/5154Antigen presenting cells [APCs], e.g. dendritic cells or macrophages
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/53DNA (RNA) vaccination
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55555Liposomes; Vesicles, e.g. nanoparticles; Spheres, e.g. nanospheres; Polymers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/60Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
    • A61K2039/6031Proteins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/60Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
    • A61K2039/6031Proteins
    • A61K2039/6037Bacterial toxins, e.g. diphteria toxoid [DT], tetanus toxoid [TT]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/70Multivalent vaccine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/80Vaccine for a specifically defined cancer
    • A61K2039/86Lung
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

  • CUREVAC SE I mmunotherapy ofsquamous cell carcinoma Introduction: The present invention relates to the field of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer is a major global health problem and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have limited effectiveness and can cause significant side effects. Immunotherapy harnesses the power of the immune system to attack cancer cells and has emerged as a promising approach to treating cancer. Cancer immunotherapy takes advantage of the fact that cancer cells often have molecules on their surface (antigens) that can be recognized by the immune system.
  • nucleic acid such as RNA
  • RNA could represent a promising class of molecules for use in cancer treatment.
  • identifying tumour antigens or antigen combinations that are effective in cancer immunotherapy remains an ongoing challenge.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a combination of tumour antigens for cancer immunotherapy such as for example immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma including squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. The object is solved by the subject-matter of the present invention.
  • tumour antigens including novel tumour antigens encoded by small open reading frames (smORFs) of long non- coding RNA (IncRNA). It has previously been reported that IncRNA genes encode immunogenic peptides that are suitable for use in cancer vaccines (see Barczak et al.: Long non-coding RNA-derived peptides are immunogenic and drive a potent anti-tumour response. Nature Communications. (2023)14:1078).
  • the specific combinations of tumour antigens described herein, which are provided by nucleic acid constructs (e.g. RNA), are particulariy suitable and effective in b-eating or preventing cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma.
  • the present invention is inter alia directed to a combination comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule, wherein the at least one nucleic acid encodes a combination of antigens that comprise an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8- 6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5.
  • the combination of antigens optionally comprises at least one additional antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9.
  • the invention further relates to a composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule suitably formulated in lipid-based earners.
  • the invention also provides a peptide or protein antigen combination, as well as a kit or kit of parts comprising the combination, the composition, and/or the peptide or protein antigen combination. Also provided herein is the combination, the composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit or kit of parts, for use as a medicament, preferably for use in the treatment or prevention of a tumour or cancer disease, more preferably for use in the treatment or prevention ofsquamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small-cell lung cancer or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
  • the invention is inter alia based on the surprising finding that peptides encoded by small open reading frames (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3- 5:5 can serve as effective tumour antigens.
  • These IncRNA encoded tumour antigens can be provided in combination with additional tumour antigens such as MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9.
  • additional tumour antigens such as MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9.
  • such combinations of tumour antigens can be provided via nucleic acid molecules (e.g. mRNA) to tn'gger antigen-specific immune responses (e.g. T-cell responses).
  • these antigens combinations predominantly occur in squamous cell carcinomas, these combinations are particulariy suitably for immunotherapy of squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  • sqNSCLC squamous non-small-cell lung cancer
  • HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • the present invention provides a combination that comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes the following combination of antigens at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; and • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by RNA NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant0 thereof.
  • At least one nucleic acid molecule may encode only one or two antigen(s) of the above antigens in the combination.
  • the combination comprises more than one nucleic acid molecules each encoding for one or more antigen(s).
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule may encode at least one additional antigen that compnses an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the combination may comprise at least fcwo or three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two or three RNA molecules, that collectively encode the combination of antigens as defined herein.
  • the present invention provides a composition comprising the combination of the first aspect.
  • the composition preferably comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA molecule, formulated in a lipid-based earner such as a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
  • a peptide or protein antigen combination that comprises antigens encoded by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention.
  • the present invention provides a kit or kit of parts comprising the combination of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, and/orthe peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect.
  • the invention provides methods of b-eating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition, and medical uses of the combination, the composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit.
  • Antigenic peptide refers to a peptide that compnses an amino acid sequence from a (antigenic or immunogenic) protein which stimulates the body's adaptive or cellular immune system to provide an adaptive or cellular immune response. Therefore, an antigenic/immunogenic peptide comprises at least one epitope or antigen from a tumour antigen as defined herein.
  • Cationic, cationizable The term “cationic” means that the respective structure, compound, or group, or atom bears a positive charge, either permanently or not permanently, e.g. in response to certain conditions such as pH.
  • Cationic compound, polycationic compound Where a respective structure, compound, or group, or atom carries a plurality of positive charges, it may be referred to as polycationic.
  • the terms as used herein must be understood as defined in W02021156267 [p.88, line 12 to p.89, line 22].
  • Coding sequence coding region, cds:
  • coding sequence and the corresponding abbreviation "cds” as used herein refers to a sequence of several nucleotide triplets that can be translated into a peptide or protein.
  • a cds in the context of the present invention may be a DNA or RNA sequence consisting of several nucleotides that may be divided by three, which typically starts with a start codon and preferably terminates with a stop codon.
  • the cds encodes, for example, at least one tumour antigen or a fragment or variant thereof as defined herein.
  • Derived from The term "derived from” as used herein in the context of a nucleic acid, i.e.
  • nucleic acid "derived from” (another) nucleic acid means that the nucleic acid, which is derived from (another) nucleic acid, shares at least 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity or are identical with the nucleic acid from which it is derived.
  • the I term "derived from” means that the amino acid sequence, which is derived from (another) amino acid sequence, shares at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity or are identical with the amino acid sequence from which it is derived.
  • Epitope refers to a segment of a macromolecule (e.g. an antigenic peptides or proteins) that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies or TCRs, (e.g. by B cells, or T cells).
  • T cell epitopes may comprise fragments typically having a length of about 6 to about 20 amino acids, e.g. fragments as processed and presented by MHC class I molecules, typically having a length of about 8 to about 12 amino acids, or fragments as processed and presented by MHC class II molecules, typically having a length of about 13 to about 20 amino acids.
  • MHC class I molecules typically having a length of about 8 to about 12 amino acids
  • MHC class II molecules typically having a length of about 13 to about 20 amino acids.
  • T ⁇ »ll epitopes these fragments are recognized by T cells (TCRs on T ⁇ »lls) in form of a complex consisting of the peptide fragment and an MHC molecule.
  • a preferred fragment of a sequence in the context of the present invention consists of a continuous stretch of entities, such as nucleotides or amino acids corresponding to a continuous stretch of entities in the molecule the fragment is derived from, which represents at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the total reference molecule from which the fragment is derived.
  • a "fragment" of an antigen as defined herein has to be understood as an immunogenic fragment, said immunogenic fragment being capable of raising an immune response in a subject.
  • Vanant of a sequence:
  • the term "variant as used herein in the context of a nucleic acid sequence refers to a nucleic acid sequence derived from a reference nucleic acid sequence.
  • a variant of a nucleic acid sequence may exhibit one or more nucleotide deletions, insertions, additions and/or substitutions compared to the reference nucleic acid from which the variant is derived from.
  • a variant may be a functional van'ant in the sense that the variant has retained at least 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% or more of the function of the sequence where it is derived from.
  • a “van'ant” of a nucleic acid sequence may have at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% identity over a stretch of at least 30,50, 75 or 100 nucleotides.
  • variant as used herein in the context of proteins or peptides refers to a proteins or peptide having an amino acid sequence which differs from the reference sequence in one or more mutation(s) substitution(s), such as one or more substituted, inserted and/or deleted amino acid(s). Insertions and substitutions are possible at those sequence positions which cause no modification to the three ⁇ limensional structure or do not affect the binding region.
  • a van'ant of a peptide or protein may be a functional variant, which means that the vanant exerts essentially the same, or at least 70%, 80%, 1090% of the function of the peptide or protein it is derived from (e.g. antigenic property).
  • a "variant" of a peptide or protein may have at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% identity over a stretch of at least 30, 50, 75 or 100 amino acids.
  • the invention provides a combination comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule, wherein the at least0 one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens such as a combination of tumour antigens.
  • the invention provides a combination that compn'ses at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes the following combination of antigens at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; and 5 at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2.-4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by RNA NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant 0 thereof.
  • the term "combination" as used herein typically refers to a combined occurrence of antigens that may be provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention or that may be provided by at least one peptide or protein (see third aspect).
  • the combination of antigens may be provided by only one nucleic acid molecule, or more than one nucleic acid molecules (e.g.2, 3,4, 5), each of which comprising at least one cds (e.g. monocistronic) and/or more than one cds (e.g. 5 multicistronic).
  • the combination may be provided by one composition, containing all components as defined herein (e.g. one or more nucleic acid molecules).
  • the combination may be provided as separate compositions, containing all components (e.g. one or more nucleic acid molecules) in more than one physically separate composition.
  • the administration of the combination of antigens of the invention may occur either simultaneously or timely staggered, either at the same site of administration or at different sites of administration.
  • the components of the combination may be formulated together as a co-fonnulation to obtain all components of the combination in one and the same composition.
  • the components of the combination may be formulated as different, physically separate formulations to obtain the components of the combination in more than one physically separate composition.
  • the components of the combination may be formulated as different, physically separate formulations and subsequently be asmbined to obtain all components of the combination in one and the same composition.
  • any of the (pharmaceutical) compositions according to the invention as described herein may represent a combination according to the invention as described herein or a component thereof.
  • the term “combination” also relates to a combination of antigens (or one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding these antigens), preferably at least one antigen or epitope derived from ZC3hl8-6: 1, or a fragment or variant thereof, at least one antigen or epitope derived from WDR72- 2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen or epitope derived from KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or vahant thereof; at least one antigen or epitope derived from NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • a “combination” as referred to herein may further include one or more additional antigens or epitopes, preferably at least one additional antigen selected from the group consisting of MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9 and MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these, or at least one epitope from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the combination comprises "at least one nucleic acid molecule", which means that the combination may comprise one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, nucleic acid molecules, each of which comprising at least one cds, wherein the one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • each of the nucleic acid sequences encoding the at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; the at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof, may be present on the same or on a different nucleic acid molecule as described herein.
  • the combination may comprise a nucleic acid molecule encoding all four of these antigens (or a fragment or variant thereof), and optionally at least one further antigen, preferably as described herein.
  • the combination may comprise a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, each of which may encode one, two, three or four of these antigens (or a fragment or variant thereof), and optionally, at least one further antigen, preferably as described herein.
  • the combination may comprise a first and a second nucleic acid molecule, each of which encodes two different antigens from the four antigens described herein (or a fragment or variant thereof), and, optionally, a third nucleic acid molecule encoding all four of these antigens (or a fragment or variant thereof), wherein the third nucleic acid molecule may be administered together with the first and second nucleic acid molecules or separately from the first and second nucleic acid molecules.
  • specific features and embodiments that are described in the context of the first aspect, that is the combination of the invention are likewise applicable to any other aspect of the invention, in particular to the (pharmaceutical) composition as described herein and to the kit as described herein.
  • the invention provides a combination compnsing at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence (cds), wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following combination of (tumour) antigens • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • (tumour) antigens • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising
  • ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 are long non-coding RNAs (IncRNA) that surprisingly encode amino acid sequences that have been identified as unexpected source of antigens.
  • the term "long non-coding RNA” and its abbreviation "IncRNA” relates to a naturally occurring RNA species that has a length of typically greater than 200 bases (up to e.g.10.0000 bases).
  • IncRNAs have been considered to have no protein encoding function.
  • IncRNA In recent years it has been revealed that these IncRNA molecules participate in various regulatory aspects of cells. Compared with mRNA, IncRNA typically has the characteristics of low expression abundance but stronger tissue and cell expression specificity.
  • IncRNAs that may encode for peptides, e.g. micro peptides of putative small open reading frames (also herein referred to as “small ORF” (smORF)).
  • small ORF small ORF
  • IncRNA species in the context of the invention comprise smORFs that encode amino acid sequences such as peptides or proteins that can serve as suitable antigen as further outlined and defined herein.
  • amino acid sequence encoded by or “peptide or protein encoded by” or “antigen encoded by” in the context of a certain IncRNA species (e.g.
  • the respective amino acid sequence, peptide, protein, or antigen originates from the respective IncRNA species.
  • the respective amino acid sequence, peptide, protein, or antigen that is encoded by a certain IncRNA species e.g. ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, or, in other words, that originates from a certain IncRNA species (e.g.
  • nucleic acid molecule of the invention e.g. an mRNA
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes the following combination of tumour antigens • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g. a peptide or protein, that is encoded by or originates from a small open reading frame (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g.
  • smORF small open reading frame
  • IncRNA long non-coding RNA
  • a peptide or protein that is encoded by or originates from a small open reading frame (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g. a peptide or protein, that is encoded by oronginates from a small open reading frame (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one additional (tumour) antigen that compnses an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes one additional (tumour) antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes two additional (tumour) antigens that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3 and MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In even more preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes three additional (tumour) antigens that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3 and MAGEA4 and MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In even more preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes four additional (tumour) antigens that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3 and MAGEA4 and MAGEA11 and MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one cds, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following combination of (tumour) antigens: • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or vanant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant
  • the combination comprises "at least one nucleic acid molecule", which means that the combination may compnse one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, nucleic acid molecules, each of which compnsing at least one cds, wherein the one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • the combination may comprise two different nucleic acid molecules that each encode different antigens as defined herein, but wherein the two different nucleic acid constructs collectively encode the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • a “different tumour antigen” or “different antigen” in the context of the invention relates to a difference on amino acid sequence level and must be understood as a difference in at least one amino acid position or having a different amino acid sequence length. Accordingly, a “different antigen” may be derived from the same antigen, but the “different antigen” should differ in at least one amino acid position or the length.
  • the combination may comprise at least one, or more than one (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5) nucleic acid molecules that collectively encode the following combination of tumour antigens: at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA9, or
  • the combination compnses two nucleic acid molecules, preferably two mRNA molecules, that collectively encode the following combination of tumour antigens: • at least one antigen compn'sing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA9, or a fragment or
  • each antigen of the combination comprises at least one T ⁇ 11 epitope, preferably at least one CD8+ T cells epitope.
  • each antigen of the combination is a tumour antigen.
  • the combination of antigens that are provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule
  • the produced (tumour) antigens may be secreted or further processed. Accordingly, the administration of the combination comprising at least one (or more) nucleic acid molecule (e.g.
  • the IncRNAs of the invention comprise at least one small open reading frame (smORF). Even more surprising is that these IncRNA encoded peptides show specificity for certain tumours (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma) and trigger an antigen-specific immune response upon administration. These peptides are recognized by the immune cells as being 10 foreign, are presented, and trigger an antigen specific immune response (e.g. T-cell response). Accordingly, amino acid sequences as defined herein encoded by a smORF of an IncRNA as defined herein may serve as suitable antigens for cancer immunotherapy.
  • smORF small open reading frame
  • amino acid sequences as defined herein encoded by a smORF of an IncRNA as defined herein are charactenzed by an increased expression in cancer cells (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma cells) compared to non-cancer cells.
  • the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6.-1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 each of which 20 comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 684-699, or a fragment or vanant of any of these.
  • the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comphsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, comprises or consists of at least one 25 of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 684-699, or a fragment or variant of any of these In that context, a fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 684-699 has a shorter amino acid sequence as the respective reference amino acid sequence.
  • a fragment such as an immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 30684-699 is N-terminallyfauncated by e.g.1,5,10, or more amino acids and/orC-terminally truncated e.g.1,5, 10, or more amino acids.
  • a fragment in that context is an immunogenic fragment that is capable of raising an immune response in a cell or subject upon administration.
  • an immunogenic fragment comprises at least one epitope, preferably at least one T-cell epitope, capable of raising a cellular immune response.
  • the at least one epitope has the length of an MhlC class I or class II epitope.
  • the at least one epitope has the 35 length of an MHC class I epitope. In some embodiments, the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class II epitope but comprises at least one MHC class I epitope and could be processed during antigen processing during MHC:peptide complex loading.
  • a typical immunogenic fragment in the context of the present invention has the length of 5 to 20 amino acids, 5 to 15 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids.
  • a variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 684-699.
  • a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administi'ation.
  • ZC3H8-6:1 is a long non-coding RNA that is transcribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr2,111769354,111776910,-.
  • the naturally occurring (human) IncRNA sequence ofZC3H8-6:1 (SEQ ID NO: 520) compnses at least one small open reading frame (smORF lncZC3H86163144) that encodes at least one amino acid sequence that can serve as tumour antigen (herein also abbreviated as "Z” or "smORF_6").
  • Any peptide or protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • the polypeptide that is encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 136 and compnses several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 138-157. Any fragment or variant of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157 may be compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • a fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation of an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO:136- 157, or a C-terminal truncation of an amino acid sequence according SEQ ID NO: 136-157.
  • a fragment is N-terminally truncated by 1,2, 3, or 4 amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated by 1,2,3, or 4 amino acids.
  • a fragment is an immunogenic fragment capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration, e.g. a human subject.
  • An immunogenic fragment of an amino acid sequence according SEQ ID NO: 136-157 still comprises at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response.
  • a typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the length of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids.
  • a preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 137.
  • a variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 136-157.
  • a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)".
  • WDR72-2-.4 WDR72-2:4 is a long non-coding RNA that is transcribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr15,53513740,53540852,-.
  • the naturally occumng (human) IncRNA sequence ofWDR72-2:4 comprises at least two small open reading frames (smORFs lncWDR722416421696 and lncWDR722415641696) that encode amino acid sequences that can serve as tumour antigens (herein also abbreviated as 'W or smORF_5).
  • Any peptide or protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by WDR72-2:4 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • the polypeptides that is encoded by WDR72-2:4 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 158 and comprises several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 160-208. Further predicted epitopes comprise the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 698 or 699. Any fragment or variant of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699 may be compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • a suitable fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation ofSEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699, or a C-terminal truncation ofSEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699.
  • the fragment ofSEQ ID NOs: 158-208,698 or 699 is 5 N-terminally truncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids.
  • a fragment is an immunogenic fragment capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration, e.g. a human subject.
  • An immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699 still comprises at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response.
  • a typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the size of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids.
  • a preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a 10 fragment lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 159.
  • a suitable variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699.
  • a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by 15 IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)".
  • KCNMB2-AS1:4 KCNMB2-AS1.-4 is a long non-coding RNA that is franscribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr3,178525486,178860397,-.
  • the naturally occumng (human) IncRNA sequence of KCNMB2-AS1:4 (SEQ ID NO: 522) 03mpnses at least one small open reading frame (smORF KCNMB2AS14633753) that encodes at least one amino acid sequence that can serve as a suitable tumour antigen (herein also abbreviated as "K' or "smORF_3").
  • Any peptide or 20 protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • the polypeptide that is encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 209 and comprises several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 211-242. Further predicted epitopes comprise the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 684 or 685. Any fragment or variant of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685 may be compnsed in the combination 25 of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • a suitable fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685, or a C-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685.
  • the fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685 is N-terminally tmncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids.
  • a fragment is an immunogenic fragment capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration, e.g. a 30 human subject.
  • An immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242, 684 or 685 still comprises at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response.
  • a typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the size of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids.
  • a preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NOs: 210.
  • a suitable vanant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 3595%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to SEQ ID NOs: 209-242, 684 or 685.
  • a vanant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)".
  • NTF3-&5 NTF3-5:5 is a long non-coding RNA that is transcribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr12,5367810,5379568,+.
  • the naturally occurring (human) IncRNA sequence of NTF3-5:5 comprises at least one small open reading frame (smORF lncNTF35511951417) that encodes at least one amino acid sequence that can serve as tumour antigen (herein also abbreviated as "N” or "smORF_4").
  • Any peptide or protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by NTF3-5:5 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • the polypeptide that is encoded by the NTF3-5.-5 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 243 and compnses several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 245-327. Further predicted epitopes comprise any one of the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 686-697.
  • Any fragment or vanant of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-C97 may be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention.
  • a suitable fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697, or a C-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697.
  • the immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697 is N-terminally truncated by 1,2,3, or 4amino acids and/orC-terminally truncated by 1,2,3, or 4amino acids.
  • An immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697 still compnses at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response.
  • a typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the size of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids.
  • a preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment lacking the N- terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NOs: 244.
  • a suitable variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697.
  • a vanant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)".
  • IncRNA immunodeficiency virus
  • Table 1A Antigens encoded by IncRNA (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences) Preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 1A. Therein, each row corresponds to suitable amino acid sequences encoded by a long non-coding RNA (IncRNA).
  • Column A provides a short descnption of the IncRNA that encodes the respective amino acid sequence.
  • Column B provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective full-length amino acid sequence encoded by the IncRNA.
  • Column C provides the SEQ ID NOs of preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes).
  • Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the full-length amino acid sequence of Column B.
  • Column E provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequences (opt1) encoding the preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes) of Column C.
  • Table 1A Preferred antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and cds sequences) r ow A B 1 1 136 c D E ZC3H8-6: 137-157 328 329-349 2 WDR72-2:4 158 159-208,698,699 350 351 ⁇ 00, 725, 726 3 KCNMB2-AS1.-4 209 210-242,684,685 401 402-434,711,712 4 NTF3-5:5 243 244-327, 686-697
  • Particularly preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 1 B.
  • each row corresponds to suitable amino acid sequences encoded by a long non-coding RNA (IncRNA).
  • Column A provides a short description of the IncRNA that encodes the respective amino acid sequence.
  • Column B provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective full-length amino acid sequence encoded by the IncRNA.
  • Column C provides the SEQ ID NOs of particulariy preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes).
  • Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the full-length amino acid sequence of Column B.
  • Column E provides SEQ ID NO of G/C optimized nucleic acid sequences (opt1) encoding the particularly preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes) of Column C.
  • Table 1B Particularly preferred antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and cds sequences) r ow A c D E 1 ZC3H8-6:1 136 137 328 329 2 WDR72-2:4 158 159 350 351 3 KCNMB2-AS1.-4 209 210 401 402 4 NTF3-5:5 243 244 435 436
  • the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 comprise or consists of at least one amino acid sequence selected from Table 1A or 1B, column B or C, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, comphse at least one T-cell epitope, preferably at least one CD8+ T cells epitope.
  • the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, induce epitope-specific T cells in a subject, preferably epitope specific CD8+ T cells in a subject (in particular, a human subject).
  • the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2.-4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are antigens or epitopes displaying HLA binding affinity or MHC binding affinity.
  • HLA or "human leukocyte antigen” as used herein includes variants, isoforms, and species homologs of HLA, and analogues having at least one common epitope with an HLA.
  • HLA Human leukocyte antigen
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • HLA type is to be understood as the complement of hlLA gene alleles.
  • the antigens that compn'se amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are capable of binding to an antibody or a T-cell receptor.
  • the amino acid sequences comprise at least one MHCI orMHCII ligand.
  • the antigens that comphse amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6.-1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2- AS1.-4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are shared tumour associated antigens, in particular, shared tumour associated antigens in squamous cell carcinoma, preferably in squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  • sqNSCLC squamous non-small-cell lung cancer
  • HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • the combination compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one 5 coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3hl8- 6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 1096%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or • the at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%
  • the combination of antigens suitably comprises at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by ZC3H8-6:1) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by WDR72-2:4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 2587%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208,698,699, preferably SEQ ID NO: 159, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, 35 WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 compnses or consists of
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one cds, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1 compnses or 20 consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule suitably comprises 5 • at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6: 1) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, preferably SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 350-400,725, 726, preferably SEQ ID NO: 351, or a
  • the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by 15 ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 (or a fragment or vanant thereof), each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one antigen comprises at least one amino acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 142,144,147,148, 150,153,157,169,173, 176,184,185,199, 201-203, 225, 229, 230, 235, 238, 251, 260-265, 270-272, 276, 283, 287, 289
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 144,334,339,340,342, 345,349, 361, 365, 368,376,377, 391, 393-395, 417,421,422,427,430, 443, 452 ⁇ 57, 462 ⁇ 64, 468, 475, 479, 481 ⁇ 83, 485, 486, 490, 496,499, 506, 511-514 or 711 -726, or a fragment or a vanant of any of these.
  • the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 (or a fragment or variant thereof), each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one antigen comprises at least one amino acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 3097%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 173,185,199, 202,225,229,230,235, 238,263,271,276,287, 289,290,293,294,304, 307,319,322,684 or 686-688, or a fragment or variant of
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 365, 377, 391,394,417,421,422, 427,430,455,463,468, 479,481,482,485,486,496, 499, 511, 514, 711 or 713-715, ora 35 fragment or a vanant of any of these.
  • the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by ZC3H8-6:1) is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 142,144,147,148,150, 153,157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 153, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by WDR72-2:4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%
  • the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at 15 least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 2091 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 144,334,339,340, 342,345,349,or a fragment or a van'ant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at
  • the combination disclosed herein compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8- €:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by WDR72-2.-4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs:173,185, 199,202,or a fragment or van'ant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by KCNMB2-AS1.-4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 586%, 87%,
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an antigen encoded by long non ⁇ xxling IncRNA TRPC5-3.-1, preferably wherein the at least one nucleic acid 30 molecule does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 667 or 668, and/or wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not compnse a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 669 or 670.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not compnse a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a HA tag (in particular, a 3xHA tag), preferably wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule does not comprise 5 a nucleic acid sequence encoding the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 671 , and/or wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID:672.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 665 or 666.
  • the combination of antigens that is provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one additional antigen.
  • the combination may additionally comprise at least one further (tumour) antigen.
  • suitable additional antigens may be selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 to obtain an increased coverage in a certain cancer disease, e.g.
  • the coverage in a certain cancer disease is at a value of above 0.5, preferably above 0.6, more preferably above 0.7.
  • squamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
  • HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • MAGEA3 squamous non-small ⁇ ll lung cancer
  • hlNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • MAGEA9 melanoma-associated antigen family A
  • MAGEA3 and MAGEA6 encode proteins with 96% identity (Pineda et al.2015; PMID: 25679763), however, in the context of the invention, MAGEA3 is preferred.
  • MAGEA3 is preferred.
  • an antigen from MAGEA6 may be used in the context of the invention.
  • MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and MAGEA11 are tumour-associated antigens that are particularly suitable in the context of treating or preventing cancer, in particular squamous cell carcinoma, preferably squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  • sqNSCLC squamous non-small-cell lung cancer
  • HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • TAA tumor-associated antigen
  • TMs can be defined as self-proteins that are abnormally expressed by cancer cells.
  • TAAs can be loosely categorized as oncofoetal (typically only expressed in foetal tissues and in cancerous somatic cells), overexpressed/accumulated (typically highly overexpressed in neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue), cancer- testis/cancer-germline antigens (expressed only by cancer cells and adult reproductive tissues such as testis and placenta), differentiation antigens/lineage-restricted (typically derived from proteins that are expressed in a given type of tumour and the corresponding healthy tissue and expressed largely by a single cancer histotype), post translationally altered (tumour-associated alterations in glycosylation, etc.), or idiotypic (highly polymorphic genes where a tumour cell expresses a specific "clonotype", i.e., as in B cell, T cell lymphoma/leukaemia resulting from clonal aberrancies).
  • oncofoetal typically only expressed in foetal tissues and in cancerous somatic cells
  • overexpressed/accumulated
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9 and/or MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9 and MAGEA11, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these.
  • the antigens selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 9 5%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 556-563, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • a fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 556-563 has a shorter amino acid sequence as the respective reference amino acid sequence.
  • a fragment such as an immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 556-563 is N- terminally tmncated by e.g.1, 5,10, or more amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated e.g.1, 5,10, or more amino acids.
  • a preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NOs: 557, 559, 561, or 563.
  • a fragment in that context is an immunogenic fragment that is capable of raising an immune response in a cell or subject upon administration.
  • an immunogenic fragment compn'ses at least one epitope, preferably at least one T-cell epitope, capable of raising a cellular immune response.
  • the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class I or class II epitope.
  • the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class I epitope.
  • the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class II epitope but comprises at least one MHC class I epitope and could be processed during antigen processing during MhlC:peptide complex loading.
  • a typical immunogenic fragment in the context of the present invention has the length of 5 to 20 amino acids, 5 to 15 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids.
  • a vanant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 556-563.
  • a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences”.
  • AntiaensfromMAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 Preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 2. Therein, each row corresponds to suitable antigens comprising amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11.
  • Column A provides a short descnption of the respective antigen.
  • Column B provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective full- length amino acid sequences.
  • Column C provides the SEQ ID NOs of preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. preferred fragments).
  • Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the amino acid sequences of Column B.
  • Column E provides SEQ ID NO of G/C optimized nucleic acid sequences (opt1) encoding the amino acid sequences of Column C.
  • Table 2 Preferred MAGEA3/A6.
  • MAGEA9, MAGEA 11 (amino add sequences and cds sequences) r ow A B 1 56 c D
  • E MAGEA3 5 557 564 565 2 MAGEA4 558 559 566 567 3 MAGEA9 560 561 568 569 4 MAGEA11
  • the antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 comprise or consists of at least one amino acid sequence selected from Table 2, column B or C, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 are provided by nucleic acid sequences as provided in Table 2, column D or E, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 as defined herein, each of which optionally compn'sed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein induce epitope-specific T cells in a subject, preferably epitope specific CD8+ T cells in a subject (in particular, a human subject).
  • the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 as defined herein, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein is an antigen or epitope displaying hll-A binding affinity or MHC binding affinity.
  • the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are capable of binding to an antibody or a T-cell receptor.
  • the antigenic peptides comphse at least one MHCI or MhlCII ligand.
  • the antigens that compnse amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein are shared tumour associated antigens, particulariy shared tumour associated antigen in squamous cell carcinoma, preferably in squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  • sqNSCLC squamous non-small-cell lung cancer
  • HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 556 or 557, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein • the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 15 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 557, ora fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,
  • the combination of antigens suitably comprises at least one amino acid sequence (from MAGEA3) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 556 or 557, preferably SEQ ID NO: 557, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (from MAGEA4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 3089%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 558 or 559, preferably SEQ ID NO: 559, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (from MAGEA9) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%,
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein 5 • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 564 or 565, or a fragment or a vanant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 8
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination 20 of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 565, or a fragment or vanant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises a nucleic acid 25 sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%,
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA3) that is identical or at least 70%, 3580%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 564 or 565, preferably SEQ ID NO: 565, or a fragment or a variant thereof; and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA4) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 566 or 567, preferably SEQ ID NO: 567, or a fragment or a van'ant thereof; and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding
  • the combination disclosed herein compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one antigen comprises at least one amino acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 673-682, or a fragment or vahant of any of these.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to anyone ofSEQ ID NOs: 700-709, or a fragment or a variant of any of these.
  • the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein • the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 673 or 674, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 8
  • the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 700 or 701, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%,
  • the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one cds, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, and at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence 15 from MAGEA9, or an immunogenic fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the combination of the invention comprises at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules (collectively) encode the following combination of (tumour) antigens at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid 20 sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 9
  • the combination compnses at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules that collectively encode the combination of (tumour) antigens as defined herein, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) 15 nucleic acid molecules comprise the following nucleic acid sequences at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, preferably SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 that is identical or at 20 least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 9
  • the combination of the invention comprises at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules (collectively) encode the following combination of (tumour) antigens 5 • at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2.-4 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid 10 sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%,
  • the combination comprises at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules that collectively encode the combination of (tumour) antigens as defined herein, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2,3, 4) nucleic acid molecules comprise the following nucleic acid sequences at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, preferably SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%,
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention encodes the combination of tumour antigens as defined herein and in addition to that at least one further peptide or protein element.
  • the term "at least one further peptide or protein element” refers to an amino acid sequence that may optionally be compnsed in one or more of the antigens of the invention, e.g. in form of a fusion protein as further specified herein.
  • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen of the combination may additionally encode at least one further amino acid sequence, in particular a further peptide or protein element as defined herein.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule particularly the at least one cds, additionally encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one helper epitope, at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, at least one signal peptide, at least one linker, and/or at least one degron, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one further peptide or protein element (e.g.
  • fusion protein or comprised in a "multi-antigen protein" selected from at least one helper epitope, at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, at least one signal peptide, at least one linker, and/or at least one degron, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • at least one further peptide or protein elements are suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins”). Further details regarding “fusion proteins” and “multi- antigen proteins” are provided in section “fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins”.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one helper epitope, preferably at least one T helper epitope.
  • a helper epitope may for example be characterized by promiscuous binding to human MhlC class II molecules.
  • Helper epitopes may be selected from SEQ ID NOs: 3083-3294 of W02019008001, said sequences herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the at least one helper epitope is selected from a Tetanus Toxid (TT) and/or a Diphtheria toxoid (DT).
  • the at least one coding sequence encodes at least two helper epitopes selected from at least one Tetanus Toxin (TT) and at least one Diphtheria toxin (DT).
  • TT Tetanus Toxin
  • DT Diphtheria toxin
  • at least one helper epitope is selected from Tetanus toxoid P32XL and at least one helper epitope is selected from Diphtheria toxoid P1XL.
  • the inventors surpnsingly found that the combination of certain Tetanus Toxin (TT) and Diphthena toxin (DT) helper epitopes is particulariy advantageous in the context of the invention and for cancer vaccine consbucts in general. Particularly preferred in that context is the combination of Tetanus toxoid P32XL and Diphtheria toxoid P1XL.
  • TT Tetanus Toxin
  • DT Diphthena toxin
  • the at least one helper epitope comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 524 or 525, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Accordingly, in embodiments, the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one helper epitope.
  • Said at least one helper epitope is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins”). Further details regarding “fusion proteins” and “multi-antigen proteins” are provided in section “fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins”.
  • Immune response activating signal transduction proteins In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, particularly the cds, encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • Said at least one immune response activating signal t-ansduction protein is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins").
  • the at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein is located at the C-terminus of the encoded at least one antigen (or a "multi-antigen protein”). Further details regarding "fusion proteins” and “multi- antigen proteins” are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins”.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one signal peptide.
  • the at least one signal peptide is a non-immunogenic signal peptide.
  • Signal peptides may be selected from of SEQ ID NOs: 1-156, 76948-76951 of W02019008001, said sequences herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the at least one signal peptide is selected from CTLA4, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the at least one signal peptide comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 532, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one signal peptide.
  • the linker elements are non-immunogenic linker elements.
  • Linker elements may be selected from SEQ ID NOs: 2937, 76400-76418, 77018-77058 of W02019008001, said sequences herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the at least one or more linker element is a G4S linker according to SEQ ID NO: 530.
  • the nucleic acid sequences encoding for the at least one or more G4S linker elements are selected from SEQ ID NOs: 540-551, or variants thereof.
  • each nucleic acid sequence encoding the same amino acid sequence of the G4S linker elements is selected from a different nucleic acid sequence (suitably from SEQ ID NOs: 540- 551).
  • the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one linker element.
  • Said at least one linker element is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins").
  • the at least one linker element is located between different tumour antigens of the combination as defined herein and/or between different further peptide or protein elements as defined herein. Further details regarding “fusion proteins” and “multi-antigen proteins” are provided in section “fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins”.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the cds encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one degron (DEG), or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the at least one degron is a ubiquitin-dependent degron, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the at least one degron comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 526-529, or a fragments or variants of any of these.
  • the at least one degron comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence at least 2,3, 4, or 5 glutamic acids.
  • the at least one degron comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 526.
  • the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules each comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the two nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the antigen combination.
  • the antigen combination is collectively encoded on two nucleic acid molecules.
  • the two nucleic acid molecules collectively encode at least four different antigens (e.g. antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72- 2:4, KCNMB2-AS1.-4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein) and, optionally, at least one additional antigen (antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein).
  • the combination of antigens as defined herein is provided by at least one multicistronic nucleic acid molecule, e.g. nucleic acid molecules that comprise more than one cds (e.g. controlled via IRES sequences).
  • a multicisti'onic nucleic acid molecule may encode for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 different tumour antigens of the combination, each encoded by a separate cds containing a start and a stop codon.
  • the combination of antigens as defined herein is provided by at least one moncx;istronic nucleic acid molecules, e.g. nucleic acid molecules that comprise one cds.
  • the at least one monocistronic nucleic acid molecule may encode for 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8 different tumour antigens as defined herein, wherein the 2, 3,4,5, 6, 7,8 different tumour antigens as defined herein are encoded by one cds containing a start and a stop codon.
  • the combination of antigens as defined herein is provided by at least one multi-antigen protein, e.g. a multi-antigen protein compnsing more than one antigen of the combination.
  • a multi-antigen protein (that is encoded by the at least one nucleic acid molecule) may comprise 2, 3,4, 5,6,7, 8 different antigens of the combination in form of a fusion protein or multi-antigen protein. Further details regarding "fusion proteins” and “multi-antigen proteins” are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins".
  • the combination comprises one, two, three, or four nucleic acid molecules, each compnsing one cds, wherein the one, two, three, or four nucleic acid molecules encode the antigen combination as defined herein as multi- antigen proteins.
  • the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules, each comprising one cds, wherein the two nucleic acid molecules encode the antigen combination as defined herein as multi-antigen proteins.
  • Multi-antigen proteins the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the cds, encodes the combination of tumour antigens as defined herein in comprised in least one multi-antigen protein.
  • the antigen combination is comprised in at least one multi-antigen protein, wherein the multi-antigen protein comprises at least two antigens of the antigen combination as defined herein.
  • a “multi-antigen protein” as used herein refers to a fusion protein that may compnse at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more amino acid sequences from antigens of the combination as defined herein.
  • a “multi-antigen protein” may additionally comprise at least one further amino acid sequences from a peptide or protein element as defined herein.
  • the antigens of the combination are comprised in two different multi-antigen proteins, said two different multi-antigen proteins suitably provided by two different nucleic acid molecules.
  • the tumour antigens of the combination are comprised in three different multi-antigen proteins, said three different multi-antigen proteins suitably provided by two different nucleic acid molecules.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more of the following multi-antigen proteins (herein referred to as "multi-antigen protein design 1"), the multi-antigen proteins comprising, optionally in the following order (N-terminus to C-terminus): A: MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - N - K; B: MAGEA11-MAGEA3-Z-W; c: MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - MAGEA3; D: MAGEA11-Z-N-W-K; E: MAGEA4-MAGEA9; F: MAGEA11 - MAGEA3-Z-N-W-K; G: Z-N-W-K; wherein "-" represents an optional linker, e.g.
  • Z represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 1, columns B and C
  • W represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded byWDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 2, columns B and C
  • K' represents antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or vahant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 3 columns B and C
  • N represents an antigen compn'sing an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 4, columns B and C
  • MAGEA3 represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 2, row 1, columns B
  • the at least one or more multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 are selected and combined to comprise the antigen combination (that is, "Z", “N”, 'W, and “K' and, optionally, MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11).
  • the at least one multi-antigen preferably the multi-antigen proteins comprising the antigens as defined for multi-antigen proteins A-G
  • Suitable further peptide or protein elements may be selected from Table 3.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more multi-antigen proteins, the multi-antigen proteins comprising (herein referred to as "multi-antigen protein design 2"), preferably in the following order (N-terminus to C-terminus): A1: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 -DT- N - K-TT- (IRAP); B1: (SP)-MAGEA11-MAGEA3-DT-Z-W-TT-(IRAP); C1: (SP) - MAGEA4 -MAGEA9-MAGEA3- (IRAP); C2: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT - MAGEA3 - TT - (IRAP); D1: (SP)MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP); E1: (SP)-MAGEA4-DT-MAGEA9-TT-(IRAP); F1: (SP)-M
  • CTLA4 represents an immune response activating signal transduction protein, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined herein, more preferably selected from CTLA4;
  • DT represents a diphtheria toxin, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably as defined herein (e.g. Table 3), more preferably selected from Diphthena toxoid P1XL, or a fragment or van'ant thereof;
  • TT' represents a tetanus toxin, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably as defined herein (e.g.
  • multi-antigen protein G1 does not comprise an antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein.
  • the at least one or more multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 and/or design 2 are selected and combined to comprise the antigen combination of the invention (that is, "Z", “N”, 'W, and “K' and, optionally, MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/orMAGEA11).
  • the multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 and/or design 2 additionally compnse a degron (DEG) as defined herein.
  • DEG degron
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more multi-antigen proteins (herein referred to as "multi-antigen protein design 3"), the multi-antigen proteins comprising, preferably in the following order (N-terminus to C-terminus): A2: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT-N - K-TT- (IRAP)(DEG); B2: (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT- Z -W-TT- (IRAP)(DEG); C3: (SP)-MAGEA4-MAGEA9-MAGEA3-(IRAP)(DEG); C4: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9-DT-MAGEA3 - TT - (IRAP)(DEG); D2: (SP)-MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP)(DEG); E2:
  • multi-antigen protein G2 does not compnse an antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein.
  • the at least one or more multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 , 2, and/or 3 are selected and combined to comprise the antigen combination of the invention (that is, "Z", “N”, “W, and “K' and, optionally, MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11).
  • the multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1, 2, and/or 3 lack the N-terminal (SP) and/orthe (IRAP) and are therefore configured to be located preliminary in the cytosol (upon administration of the nucleic acid molecule and translation in a cell).
  • the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi antigen proteins: A and B as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1); C and D as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1); or • E and F as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1).
  • the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following at least two multi-antigen proteins: A1 and B1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); C1 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); C2 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); or E1 and F1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2).
  • the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode multi-antigen proteins A1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1) and multi-antigen protein B1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2).
  • the combination optionally comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a multi- antigen protein selected from G, G1, or G2 as defined herein.
  • the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, wherein the three nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the three nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: A1 and B1 and G1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); or A1 and B1 and G2 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2).
  • Multi-antigen_eruteins amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences
  • Preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 4. Therein, each row corresponds to a suitable multi-antigen protein.
  • Columns A provides an identifier of preferred multi-antigen protein comprising the indicated tumour antigens of the combination.
  • Column B provides a short description of the respective multi-antigen protein.
  • Column C provides the amino acid SEQ ID NOs of amino acid sequences.
  • Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the multi-antigen protein sequence of Column C.
  • the at least one multi-antigen protein are provided by a nucleic acid sequence as provided in Table 4, column D, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule in particular the at least one coding sequence, encodes at least one multi-antigen protein that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one o f SEQ ID NOs: 572-600, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one multi-antigen protein that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 574,577,594,595,or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule in particular the at least one cds, comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one multi-antigen protein as defined herein, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 601 -629, or a fragment or a variant of any of these.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule in particular the at least one cds, comprises a nucleic j acid sequence encoding at least one multi-antigen protein as defined herein, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 603,606,623, 624, preferably to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 603, 606 or 623, or a fragment or a variant of any of these.
  • the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules compnsing a coding sequence, wherein one nucleic acid molecule (a first nucleic acid molecule) encodes A1 as defined herein, wherein A1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 574, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes A1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof; and one nucleic acid molecule (a second nucleic acid molecule) encodes B
  • nucleic acid molecules are described in detail (e.g. type of nucleic acid, structural elements, modificafabns, etc.). Notably, said features and embodiments may be applied to any nucleic acid molecule in any aspect of the invention (e.g. combination, composition, kit, medical uses).
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an artificial nucleic acid.
  • artificial nucleic acid refers to a nucleic acid that does not occur naturally and may hence be understood as a non-natural nucleic acid molecule. Nucleic acid molecules may be non-natural due to their individual sequence (e.g.
  • An artificial nucleic acid may compnse at least one heterologous sequence element, e.g. a heterologous UTR.
  • an artificial nucleic acid may be generated by genetic engineering to correspond to a desired sequence of nucleotides.
  • the term is not restricted to "one single molecule” but may compnse an ensemble of essentially identical nucleic acid molecules.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an isolated nucleic acid.
  • isolated nucleic acid does not encompass a cell or a subject that comprises said nucleic acid but relates to the nucleic acid as an isolated molecule or ensemble of isolated molecules.
  • the "isolated nucleic acid” can e.g. be isolated or purified from a cell or can e.g. be an RNA isolated from an RNA in vitro transcription.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is selected from a DNA or an RNA.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA.
  • the RNA may be any type of RNA that compnses a coding sequence as defined herein and may include any type of single stranded RNA, double stranded RNA, linear RNA, and circular RNA.
  • the RNA may be selected from mRNA, circRNA, replicon RNA, self-replicating RNA, viral RNA.
  • the RNA is a circular RNA.
  • a "circular RNA” (circRNAs) is an RNA connected to form a circle and therefore does not comprise a 3' or 5' terminus. Said circRNA comprises at least one cds as defined herein.
  • circRNA construct designs can be taken from W02023073228, claims 1 to 51, hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the RNA is a replicon RNA or self-replicating RNA.
  • Such constructs may encode replicase elements derived from e.g. alphavimses (e.g. SR/, SIN, VEE, or RRV) and a cds as defined herein.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA.
  • an mRNA is preferred to provide the combination of antigens because mRNA allows for regulated dosage, transient expression, complete degradation of the mRNA after protein synthesis, and does not pose the risk of insertional mutations.
  • the mRNA is non-replicative.
  • each of the at least two or more different nucleic acid molecules are selected from RNA, preferably from mRNA.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises preferably at least 500 nucleotides, more preferably from 500 to 10000 nucleotides, even more preferably from 1000 to 10000 nucleotides, most preferably from 1000 to 5000 nucleotides.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule may be provided as a "stabilized nucleic acid” showing improved resistance to in viva degradation and/or a nucleic acid molecule showing improved stability in viva, and/or a nucleic acid molecule showing improved translatability in vivo.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule may be provided as a "stabilized nucleic acid”.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one coding sequence (cds) encoding at least antigen as defined herein.
  • cds coding sequence
  • any cds encoding at least one antigen as defined herein, or fragments and vanants thereof may be understood as suitable coding sequences and may therefore be comprised in the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA comprises at least one codon modified cds.
  • the at least one cds is a codon modified cds, wherein the codon modified cds is selected from a C maximized cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.122, lines 33 to 39] which is hereby incorporated by reference); a CAI maximized cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.123, lines 33 to 44] which is hereby incorporated by reference); a human codon usage adapted cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.123, lines 7 to 17] which is hereby incorporated by reference); a G/C content modified cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.123, lines 19 to 31 ] which is hereby incorporated by reference);
  • the at least one cds has a G/C content of at least about 50%, 51 %, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61 %, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, or 70%. In preferred embodiments, the at least one cds has a G/C content of at least about 55%, 60% or 65%.
  • I UTRs In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses at least one untranslated region (UTR) or UTR element.
  • the at least one UTR element is selected from at least one 5'-UTR element and/or at least one 3'-UTR element, preferably selected from at least one heterologous 5'-UTR element and/or at least one heterologous 3'-UTR element.
  • heterologous or “heterologous UTR” refers to a nucleic acid or UTR that is not from the same gene, the same genomic fusion, or the same naturally occurring transcript. Heterologous sequences or heterologous UTRs do naturally (that is, in nature) not occur in the same nucleic acid molecule.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule preferably the RNA, comprises at least one 3'-UTR element.
  • a 3'-UTR is typically located between a cds and an (optional) poly(A) sequence.
  • a 3'-UTR may comprise elements for 10 controlling expression, also called regulatory elements. Such regulatory elements may be, e.g., ribosomal binding sites, miRNA binding sites.
  • the at least one 3'-UTR element may be derivable from a gene that relates to an RNA with enhanced half-life (i.e. that provides a stable RNA).
  • the 3'-UTR element comprises one or more of a polyadenylation signal, a binding site for proteins 15 that affect nucleic acid stability or location in a cell, or one or more miRNA or binding sites for miRNAs.
  • the at least one 3'-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence derived or selected from a 3'- 20 UTR of a gene selected from PSMB3, ALB7, alpha-globin, HBA1, beta-globin, ANXA4, AES, CASP1, COX6B1, FIG4, GNAS, NDUFA1, RPS9, SLC7A3, TUBB4B, 12S ribosomal RNA/mitochondrion, or from a homolog, a fragment, or variant of any one of these genes.
  • the at least one 3'-UTR element that is derived or selected from PSMB3, ALB7, alpha-globin, HBA1, beta-globin, ANXA4, AES, CASP1, COX6B1, FIG4, GNAS, NDUFA1, RPS9, SLC7A3, TUBB4B, 12S hbosomal 25 RNA/mitochondrion compnses or consist of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 66- 95,112-135, or a fragment or a vanant of any of these.
  • the at least one 3'-UTR element is derived or selected from a PSMB3 gene, wherein the at least one 3'-UTR element compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 3086%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 66,67, 112- 135, or a fragment or a variant thereof, preferably SEQ ID NO: 67, or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule preferably the RNA, comprises at least one 5'-UTR element.
  • a 5'-UTR is typically located 5' of the cds.
  • a 5'-UTR may start with the transcriptional start site and ends before the start codon of the cds.
  • a 5'-UTR may comprise elements for controlling gene expression, called regulatory elements.
  • regulatory elements may be, e.g., ribosomal binding sites, miRNA binding sites.
  • the at least one 5'-UTR element may be derivable from a gene that relates to an RNA with enhanced half-life (i.e. that provides a stable RNA).
  • the 5'-UTR element comprises one or more of a binding site for proteins that affect nucleic acid stability or location in a cell, or one or more miRNA or binding sites for miRNAs.
  • the at least one 5'-UTR comprises a nucleic acid sequence derived or selected from a 5'-UTR of gene selected from HSD17B4, RPL32, AIG1, alpha-globin, HBA1, HBA2, ASAH1, ATP5A1, COX6C, DPYSL2, MDR, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, RPL35A, SLC7A3, synthetic ongin, TUBB4B, UBQLN2, or from a homolog, a fragment or variant of any one of these genes.
  • the at least one 5'-UTR element that is derived or selected from HSD17B4, RPL32, AIG1, alpha-globin, HBA1, HBA2, ASAH1, ATP5A1, COX6C, DPYSL2, MDR, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, RPL35A, SLC7A3, synthetic origin, TUBB4B, UBQLN2 comprises or consist of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12-45,64,65, or a fragment or a variant of any of these.
  • the at least one 5'-UTR element is derived or selected from a HSD17B4 gene, wherein the at least one 5'-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 12,13, 64,65, or a fragment or a variant thereof, preferably SEQ ID NO: 13, or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • translation of the nucleic acid into at least one peptide or protein is of paramount importance to therapeutic efficacy.
  • the at least one nucleic acid preferably the RNA, compnses at least one cds operably linked to a 3'-UTR element and/or a 5'-UTR element selected from the 5'-UTR/3'-UTR combinations (5'UTR/3'UTR) provided in W02021239880 [p.127, line 35 to p.128, line 2], which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the at least one 5'-UTR element is selected from HSD17B4 and the at least one 3' UTR element is selected from PSMB3.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule preferably the RNA, comprises at least one cds as defined herein linked to a HSD17B45'-UTR element and a PSMB33'-UTR element. This embodiment is particulariy beneficial for effectively expressing the antigen combination in humans.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is monocistronic, bicistronic, or multicistronic.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA is monocistronic.
  • the at least one nucleic acid comprises a ribosome binding site, also referred to as "Kozak sequence", that is identical to or at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1 or 2, or sequences GCCGCCACC, GCCACC, ACC, preferably ACC (RNA).
  • Polv(N)sequencesJ?jstone stem-loops In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one poly(N) sequence, e.g. at least one poly(A) sequence, at least one poly(U) sequence, at least one poly(C) sequence, or combinations thereof.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one poly(A) sequence.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA comprises at least two, three, or more poly(A) sequences.
  • poly(A) sequence refers to a sequence of up to 1000 adenosines typically located at the 3'-end of a linear RNA.
  • a poly(A) sequence is homopolymeric.
  • a poly(A) sequence may be interrupted by at least one nucleotide different from an adenosine.
  • the at least one poly(A) sequence comprises about 20 to about 500 adenosines, about 40 to about 250 adenosines, about 60 to about 250 adenosines, preferably about 60 to about 150 adenosines. In embodiments, the at least one poly(A) sequence compnses about 50,64, 75,100,150,200, 300, 400, or 500 adenosines. In preferred embodiments, the at least one poly(A) sequence comprises about 60 to about 150 adenosine nucleotides, preferably about 100 adenosine nucleotides.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one interrupted poly(A) sequence, wherein the poly(A) sequence is interrupted by non-adenosine nucleotides, preferably by about 10 non-adenosine (N10) nucleotides.
  • N10 non-adenosine
  • a poly(A) sequence A30-N10-A70 is preferred.
  • the poly(A) sequence is located directly at the 3' terminus of the nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. Accordingly, the S'-terminal nucleotide in the polynucleotide chain is the S'-terminal A nucleotide of the at least one poly(A) sequence.
  • the 3' terminus of the nucleic acid molecule consists of a poly(A) sequence (e.g. A100 orA30-N10-A70) and therefore terminates with an A.
  • having a 3' terminus ending on an adenosine may decrease the induction of interferons, e.g. IFNalpha, by the RNA of the invention if, e.g., administered as a medicament to a human. This is important as the induction of interferons, e.g. IFNalpha, is thought to be one main factor for induction of side effects.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises a poly(A) sequence of about 100 consecutive adenosines (A100) located directly at the 3' terminus of the RNA.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule preferably the RNA, comprises at least one histone stem-loop (hSL).
  • hSL may be located in the 3' region. The term refers to a nucleic acid sequence that forms a stem- loop secondary structure.
  • a hSL may be derived from formulae (I) or (II) ofW02012019780, or preferably from the specific formulae (la) or (I la) ofW02012019780, that are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the at least one hSL sequence comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence identical to or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3 or 4, or a fragment or variant, preferably SEQ ID NO: 4, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the at least one nucleic acid comprises a S'-temninal sequence element.
  • the 3-terminal sequence element represents the 3' terminus of the RNA.
  • a S'-terminal sequence element may comprise at least one poly(A) sequence as defined herein and, optionally, at least one hSL as defined herein.
  • the at least one S'-terminal sequence element comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-11, or a fragment or variant of these sequences.
  • the at least one S'-terminal sequence element comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 5 or 6, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • Modified nucleotides In various embodiments, at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that comprises at least one modified nucleotide, wherein the modification preferably refers to chemical modifications comprising backbone modifications, sugar modifications or base modifications.
  • a backbone modification is a chemical modification in which phosphates of the backbone of the nucleotides of the RNA are modified.
  • a sugar modification is a chemical modification of the sugar of the nucleotides of the RNA.
  • a base mcxjification is a chemical modification of the base moiety of the nucleotides of the RNA.
  • nucleotide analogues are preferably selected from nucleotide analogues which are applicable for to-anscription and/or translation.
  • the RNA comprises at least one modified nucleotide or analogue selected from the list in W02021239880 [p.136, line 17 to p.137, line 13], which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the RNA may comprise modified undine nucleotides that preferably comprise a chemical modification in the 5-position of the uracil. Suitable modified undine nucleotides may be selected from the list in W02021239880 [p.137, lines 15 to 19], which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is a modified RNA wherein at least one undine is substituted by a modified nucleotide.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is a modified RNA, wherein each undine is substituted by a modified nucleotide.
  • the at least one modified nucleotide is selected from pseudouridine, Nl-methylpseudouridine, N1- ethylpseudouridine, 2-thiouridine, 4'-thiouridine, 5-methylcytosine, 5-methyluridine, 2-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza- pseudouridine, 2-thio-l-methyl-pseudouridine, 2-thio-5-aza-uridine, 2-thio-dihydropseudouridine, 2-thio-dihydrouridine, 2- thichpseudouridine, 4-methoxy-2-thio-pseudouridine, 4-methoxy-pseudouridine, 4-thio-l-methyl-pseudouridine, 4-thio- pseudouridine, 5-aza-uridine, dihydropseudouridine, 5-methoxyuridine and 2'-0-methyl undine.
  • essentially all, e.g. essentially 100% of the uracil in the cds or the full nucleic acid sequence have a chemical modification, preferably a chemical modification in the 5-position of the uracil.
  • Particularly preferred modified nucleotides in the context of the invention are pseudouridine (ip) and N1- methylpseudouridine (ml4J).
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that comprises at least one modified nucleotide selected from pseudouridine (4J) or Nl-methylpseudouridine (m1 qj).
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA wherein each uracil is substituted by Nl-methylpseudouridine (m1ip).
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that does not comprise a modified nucleotide such as e.g. chemically modified nucleotides.
  • a 5'-cap structure is not considered to be a modified nucleotide in the context of the invention. Accordingly, the non-modified RNA comprises only non-modified G, C, A and U and optionally compnses a 5'-cap structure.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that compnses a 5'-cap structure.
  • the term "5'-cap structure" refers to a 5' modified nucleotide, particularly a guanine nucleotide, positioned at the 5'-end of an RNA.
  • the 5'-cap structure is typically connected via a 5'-5'-triphosphate linkage to the RNA.
  • a 5'-cap structure may stabilize the RNA and/or may enhance expression of the encoded antigens and/or may reduce the stimulation of the innate immune system after administration.
  • the RNA comprises a 5'-cap structure selected from m7G, capO,cap1,cap2, or a modified version of any of these.
  • the RNA comprises a cap1 structure or a modified cap1 structure.
  • the 5'-cap structure is formed during RNA in vitro transcription using cap analogues.
  • cap analogue refers to a non-polymerizable di-nucleotide or tri-nucleotide that has cap functionality in that it facilitates translation or localization, and/or prevents degradation of an RNA molecule when incorporated at the 5'-end of the nucleic acid molecule.
  • Non-polymerizable means that the cap analogue will be incorporated only at the S'-terminus because it does not have a 5' tnphosphate and therefore cannot be extended in the S'-direction by a template-dependent polymerase, particularly, by template-dependent RNA polymerase (e.g. during IVT).
  • a cap1 or a modified cap1 structure may be generated using a cap analogue, preferably a tri-nucleotide cap analogue.
  • Cap analogues derivable from the structure disclosed in claims 1-5 of W02017053297 may preferably be used to co-transcriptionally generate a cap1 or a modified cap 1.
  • any cap analogues as defined in claim 1 to claim 37 ofW02023007019 may be suitably used to co-transcriptionally generate a modified cap 1.
  • the cap1 structure is formed via co-transcriptional capping using tri-nucleotide cap analogues m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG, m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeG)pG, 3'OMe-m7(G)(5')ppp('5)m6(2'OMeA)pG or 3'OMe- m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG.
  • a particularly preferred cap1 analogue in that context is m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG.
  • the 5'-cap structure may be formed via enzymatic capping using capping enzymes (e.g. vaccinia virus capping enzymes and/or2'-0 methyltransferases) to generate capO, cap1 orcap2 stmctures. It is preferred that at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the RNA species compnse a cap structure, preferably a cap1 structure, as determined by a capping assay (e.g. via an assay as described in d.27 to 46 ofW02015101416).
  • capping enzymes e.g. vaccinia virus capping enzymes and/or2'-0 methyltransferases
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises a 5'-terminal sequence element comprising or consisting of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of sequences AGGAGA, GGGAGA, GGGAAA, AGAAUA, AGAUUA, GAUGGG or GGGCG, or a fragment or variant of these sequences, preferably AGGAGA.
  • a S'-terminal sequence element may comprise a binding site for an RNA polymerase.
  • the first nucleotide of said S'-terminal sequence element compnses a 2'0 methylation (2'OmeA or 2'OMeG).
  • the RNA is an in vib-o transcribed RNA, preferably an in vitro transcribed mRNA.
  • the RNA is preferably produced using RNA in vitro transcription (IVT).
  • IVT RNA in vitro transcription
  • RNA in vitro transcnption relates to a process wherein RNA is synthesized in a cell-free system in vitro.
  • the RNA is obtained by DNA-dependent transcription of an appropriate DNA template in the presence of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (e.g.
  • the RNA is a purified RNA, preferably a purified mRNA.
  • purified RNA refers to RNA which has a higher purity after certain purification steps than the starting material (e.g. the cmde IVT RNA). Typical impurities comprise peptides, proteins, spermidine, BSA, abortive RNA fragments, dsRNA, free nucleotides, DNA, buffer components etc.
  • RNA purity it is desirable in this regard for the "degree of RNA purity” to be as close as possible to 100%.
  • “purified RNA” as used herein has a degree of purity of more than 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. The degree of purity may be determined by an analytical hlPLC.
  • the RNA has been purified by at least one step of (RP)HPLC, AEX, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), hydroxyapatite chromatography, tangential flow filtration (TFF), filtration, precipitation, core-bead flow through chromatography, oligo(dT) purification, cellulose-based purification, or any combination thereof.
  • the RNA has been purified using RP-HPLC (preferably as described in W02008077592) and/or TFF (preferably as described in W02016193206) and/or oligo d(T) purification.
  • the RNA has an integrity of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%.
  • the term "RNA integrity" generally describes whether the complete RNA sequence is present. The RNA integrity can be determined by RP-HPLC and may be based on determining the area under the peak of the expected full-length RNA in a chromatogram. It is desirable in this regard for the "degree of RNA integrity" to be as close as possible to 100%.
  • preferred nucleic acid molecules, in particular RNA molecules are described in detail.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises the following elements: 5 A) a 5'-cap structure, preferably as specified herein; B) at least one cds encoding at least one tumour antigen as defined herein; C) a 5'-UTR element and/or a 3'-UTR element, preferably as specified herein; D) at least one poly(A) sequence, preferably as specified herein.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises the following 10 sequence elements, preferably in 5'- to 3' ⁇ iirection: A) a 5'-cap structure, preferably a cap1 structure or a modified cap1 structure; B) a 5'-UTR element, preferably selected or derived from a 5'-UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or a fragment thereof; C) a cds encoding at least one antigen as defined herein, preferably wherein the at least one antigen comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 1589%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 572-600, or a fragment or variant of any of these; D) a 3'-UTR element, preferably selected or derived
  • RNA5 constructs comprising the coding sequences are provided in columns E and F, wherein column E relates to RNA sequences comprising mRNA design HSD17B4/PSMB3 hSL-A100, and wherein column F relates to RNA sequences comprising mRNA design HSD17B4/PSMB3 hSL-A100 and comprising modified U nucleotides (N1- methylpseudouridine (m 1 ip)). Further information is provided under "feature key”, i.e.
  • RNA seauences encoding preferred multi-antigen proteins of the invention
  • a B c D E F A1* MAGEA4-MAGEA9 - DT - N - K-TT 572 601 630
  • SP - MAGEA11 - MAGE
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably the RNA, that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 630-664, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the RNA sequence compnses a 5' terminal cap sbucture, preferably a cap1 structure.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably the RNA, that compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 630-664, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, wherein the respective sequences compn'se modified U nucleotides (Nl-methylpseudouridine (mlip)), preferably wherein each Uracil in the sequence is m 14;.
  • mlip Nl-methylpseudouridine
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably an mRNA, that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 630-636,652-655,659-664, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the RNA sequence comprises a 5' terminal cap structure, preferably a cap1 structure.
  • the RNA sequence comprise modified D nucleotides (Nl-methylpseudouridine (m1qj)), preferably wherein each Uracil in the sequence is m1ip.
  • the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5), preferably at least two RNA molecules (e.g., 2, 3,4, 5) as defined herein, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably the at least two RNA molecules, collectively encode the combination of antigens as defined herein.
  • the composition comprises at least two or three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two or three RNA molecules, that collectively encode the combination of antigens preferably as multi-antigen proteins as defined herein.
  • the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, compnsing a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identi'cal to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences; and - a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the combination compn'ses two nucleic acid molecules, preferably two RNA molecules, comprising -a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or van'ant thereof.
  • the combination comprises at least three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least three RNA molecules, comprising a (first) nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or vanant of any of these sequences; and a (second) nucleic acid molecule that compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences; and a (third) nucleic
  • the combination comprises at least three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least three RNA molecules, compnsing a (first) nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or vanant of any of these sequences; and a (second) nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or vanant of any of these sequences; and
  • the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that compn'ses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof; and -a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 653, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 659, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comphses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 661, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the combination compnses three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 659, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; and - a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 660,or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 662, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the nucleic acid molecules of the invention are formulated, which is outlined in detail below.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule e.g. RNA
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule preferably the RNA
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is formulated with at least one phamnaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is complexed or associated with at least one further compound to obtain a formulated composition.
  • a formulation may have the function of a transfection agent and/or may protect the nucleic acid molecules from in vivo or in vitro degradation.
  • a compound for formulation is selected from peptides, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, polymers, or combinations thereof.
  • the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules (e.g. each encoding a different antigens)
  • the at least two nucleic acid molecules are co-formulated or formulated separately.
  • the composition compn'ses at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, that are co-formulated and contained in one pharmaceutical composition.
  • the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA
  • the at least two RNA molecules of the combination are co-formulated (e.g., in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, in particular, an LNP as defined herein) and contained in one pharmaceutical composition.
  • the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, that are formulated separately and contained in one pharmaceutical composition.
  • the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA
  • the at least two RNA molecules of the combination are formulated separately (e.g., in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, in particular, an LNP as defined herein) and, after formulation, combined to be contained in one pharmaceutical composition.
  • the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, that are formulated separately and contained in separate pharmaceutical composition.
  • the at least two RNA molecules of the combination are formulated separately (e.g., in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, in particular, an LNP as defined herein) and, after formulation, contained in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, wherein two nucleic acid molecules are co-formulated or separately formulated and contained in one pharmaceutical composition (e.g.
  • the combination compnses three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, wherein the three nucleic acid molecules (e.g. each encoding a multi-antigen protein as defined herein, preferably A1 and B1 and (G1 orG2)) are separately formulated and contained in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA is formulated with at least one cationic or polycationic compound.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is preferably complexed or associated with or at least partially complexed or partially associated with one or more cationic or polycationic compound.
  • the at least one cationic or polycationic compound may be selected from a cationic or polycationic polymer, a cationic or polycationic polysaccharide, a cationic or polycationic lipid, a cationic or polycationic protein, a cationic or polycationic peptide, or any combinations thereof.
  • the at least one cationic or polycationic compound is selected from a cationic or polycationic lipid.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule may completely or partially be incorporated or encapsulated in a lipid-based earner, wherein the at least one nucleic acid may be located in the interior space of the lipid-based carrier, within the lipid layer/membrane of the lipid-based earner, or associated with the exterior of the lipid-based carrier.
  • the incorporation of nucleic acid into lipid-based carriers may be referred to as "encapsulation”.
  • the term "encapsulation" as used herein refers to the essentially stable combination of nucleic acid molecules such as RNA with one or more lipids to form larger complexes or assemblies such as lipid-based carriers, preferably without covalent binding of the nucleic acid.
  • the encapsulated nucleic acid can be completely or partially located in the interior of the lipid-based carrier (e.g. the lipid portion and/or an interior space) and/or within the lipid layer/membrane of the lipid- based carriers.
  • the purpose of encapsulating nucleic acid molecules such as RNA into lipid-based carriers may be to protect the nucleic acid from degradation in vivo an/or in vitro.
  • incorporating nucleic acid molecules such as RNA into lipid-based earners can promote the uptake of the nucleic acid molecule and its release from the endosomal compartment, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect of the nucleic acid molecule, particularly, when administered to a cell or a subject.
  • the lipid-based carrier is selected from a lipid nanoparticle (LNPs), a liposome, a lipoplex, a solid lipid nanoparticle, a lipo-polyplex, and/ora nanoliposome.
  • the lipid-based carrier is a lipid nanoparticle (LNPs).
  • LNPs are microscopic lipid particles typically having a solid or partially solid core.
  • an LNP does not comprise an interior aqua space sequestered from an outer medium by a bilayer.
  • the nucleic acid is typically encapsulated in the lipid portion of the LNP, enveloped by some or the entire lipid portion of the LNP.
  • an LNP may comprise any lipid capable of forming a particle to which the nucleic acid such as the RNA may be attached, or in which the nucleic acid such as the RNA may be encapsulated.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprises at least one or more lipids selected from at least one aggregation-reducing lipid, at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid, or at least one steroid or steroid analogue, or any combinations thereof.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprise (i) at least one aggregation-reducing lipid, (ii) at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, (iii) at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid, (iv) and at least one steroid or steroid analogue.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprises (i) an aggregation-reducing lipid, (ii) a cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, (iii) two different neutral lipids or phospholipids, and (iv) a steroid or steroid analogue.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprises at least one aggregation reducing lipid or aggregation reducing moiety.
  • aggregation reducing moiety refers to a molecule comprising a moiety suitable of reducing or preventing aggregation of the lipid-based earner, preferably the LNP.
  • aggregation reducing lipid refers to a molecule comprising both a lipid portion and a moiety suitable of reducing or preventing aggregation of the lipid-based carriers.
  • the lipid-based carriers such as LNPs may undergo charge-induced aggregation, a condition which can be undesirable for the stability of the lipid-based carriers. Therefore, it can be desirable to include a compound or moiety which can reduce aggregation, e.g. by sterically stabilizing the lipid-based carriers. Such a steric stabilization may occur when a compound having a sterically bulky but uncharged moiety that shields or screens i the charged portions of a lipid-based carriers from close approach to other lipid-based carriers.
  • Stabilization of the lipid- based carriers may be achieved by including lipids which may compnse a lipid bearing a sterically bulky group which, after formation of the lipid-based carrier, is preferably located on the exterior of the lipid-based earner.
  • Suitable aggregation reducing groups may include hydrophilic groups, e.g. monosialoganglioside GM1, polyamide oligomers (PAO), or certain polymers, such as poly(oxyalkylenes), e.g., poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(propylene glycol).
  • the aggregation reducing lipid is selected from a polymer conjugated lipid.
  • Lipids comprising a polymer as aggregation reducing group are herein referred to as "polymer conjugated lipid".
  • polymer conjugated lipid refers to a molecule compnsing both a lipid portion and a polymer portion, wherein the polymer is suitable of reducing or preventing aggregation of lipid-based carriers comprising the nucleic acid.
  • a polymer has to be understood as a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits.
  • a suitable polymer in the context of the invention may be a hydrophilic polymer.
  • An example of a polymer conjugated lipid is a PEGylated or PEG-conjugated lipid.
  • the polymer conjugated lipid is selected from a PEG-conjugated lipid ora PEG-free lipid.
  • the polymer conjugated lipid is a PEG-conjugated lipid (or PEGylated lipid, PEG lipid).
  • the average molecular weight of the PEG moiety in the PEG- conjugated lipid may range from 500 to 8,000 Daltons (e.g., from 1,000 to 4,000 Daltons). In one preferred embodiment, the average molecular weight of the PEG moiety is about 2,000 Daltons.
  • the PEG-conjugated lipid is selected or derived from 1,2-dimynstoyl-rac-glycero-3- methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000 (PEG2000 DMG or DMG-PEG 2000). In other embodiments, the PEG-conjugated lipid, is selected or derived from C10-PEG2K, or Cer8-PEG2K. In preferred embodiments, the polymer conjugated lipid, e.g. the PEG-conjugated lipid, is selected or derived from formula (IV) of W02018078053, preferably from formula (IVa) of W02018078053.
  • a preferred PEG-conjugated lipid is selected from ALC-0159 (2[(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide).
  • the lipid-based earner preferably the LNP, comprises an aggregation reducing lipid, wherein the aggregation reducing lipid is not a PEG-conjugated lipid.
  • the aggregation reducing lipid may suitably be selected from a PEG-free lipid, e.g. a PEG-free polymer conjugated lipid.
  • the aggregation reducing lipid is a PEG-free lipid that compnses a polymer different from PEG.
  • the lipid-based carriers do not comprise a PEG-conjugated lipid.
  • a PEG-free lipid in the context of the invention may be selected or derived from a "POZ-lipid".
  • POZ lipids or respectively preferred polymer conjugated lipids are described in W02023031394, the full disclosure herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the disclosure relating to polymer conjugated lipids as shown in any one of claims 1 to 8 ofW02023031394 is incorporated by reference.
  • the polymer conjugated lipid is a PEG-free lipid selected from a POZ-lipid.
  • the polymer asnjugated lipid is a "POZ-lipid", which preferably is defined as a compound according to formula (POZ): [hi] - [linker] - [M], wherein [ H] is a homopolymer moiety comprising at least one polyoxazoline (POZ) monomer unit wherein R is C1-9 alkyl or C2-9 alkenyl, preferably C1 ,and n has a mean value ranging from 2 to 200, preferably from 20 to 100, more preferably from 24 to 26 or 45 to 50; [linker] is an optional linker group; [M] is a lipid moiety.
  • POZ polyoxazoline
  • the aggregation-reducing lipid is selected or derived from PMOZ1, PMOZ 2, PMOZ 3, PMOZ 4, or PMOZ 5 ofW02023031394.
  • the aggregation-reducing lipid is selected or derived from PMOZ4 according to or derived from the following formula: Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the at least one aggregation-reducing lipid is selected from DMG-PEG 2000, C10- PEG2K, Cer8-PEG2K, or a POZ-lipid such as PMOZ4. In other preferred embodiments, the at least one aggregation- reducing lipid is selected from ALC-0159.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprises at least one cationic or ionizable lipid.
  • the cationic or ionizable lipid may be cationisable or ionizable, i.e. it may become protonated as the pH is lowered below the pK of the ionizable group of the lipid but is progressively more neutral at higher phi values. At pH values below the pK, the lipid is then able to associate with negatively charged nucleic acids.
  • the cationic lipid comprises a zwitterionic lipid that assumes a positive charge on phi decrease.
  • the cationic or ionizable lipid my carry a net positive charge at physiological pH.
  • the cationic or ionizable lipid comprises a quaternary nitrogen group or tertiary nitrogen group, preferably a tertiary nitrogen group.
  • the at least one cationic or ionizable lipid may be selected from an amino lipid.
  • the at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid is selected from an amino lipid, preferably wherein the amino lipid comprises a tertiary amine group.
  • cationic or ionizable lipids may be selected from lipids disclosed in W02018078053 (i.e. lipids of formula I, II, and III of W02018078053, or lipids as specified in claims 1 to 12), the disclosure of W02018078053 hereby incorporated by reference.
  • lipids disclosed in Table 7 of W02018078053 e.g. lipids of formula 1-1 to 1-41
  • lipids disclosed in Table 8 of W02018078053 e.g. lipids of formula 11-1 to II-36
  • W02018078053 e.g. lipids of formula 11-1 to II-36
  • the lipid-based carrier comprises at least one cationic lipid selected or derived from structures 111-1 to III- 536 of Table 9 of published PCT patent application W02018078053. Accordingly, formula 111-1 to III-36 ofW02018078053, and the specific disclosure relating thereto, are herewith incorporated by reference. In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier compnses a cationic lipid selected or derived from formula 111-3 of W02018078053.
  • suitable cationic lipids may be selected or derived from cationic lipids according to Compound 1 to Compound 27 (C1-C27) of Table 1 ofW02021123332.
  • the lipid-based carriers comprise a cationic lipid selected or derived from (COATSOME®SS-EC) SS- 1533/4PE-15 (see C23 in Table 1 of W02021123332).
  • the lipid-based earners comprise a cationic lipid selected or derived from HEXA-C5DE-PipSS (see C2 in Table 1 of W02021123332).
  • the lipid-based carriers a3mphse a cationic lipid selected or derived from compound C26 (VitE-C4DE-Pif>-thioether) as disclosed in Table 1 of W02021123332.
  • the lipid-based earner compnses a cationic lipid selected or derived from 9-hleptadecanyl 84(2-0 hydroxyethyl)[6-oxo-6-(undecyloxy)hexyl]amino ⁇ octanoate, also referred to as SM-102.
  • the lipid-based carrier compnses a cationic lipid selected or derived from above mentioned compound C26, SM-102, SS-33/4PE-15, or HEXA-CSDE-PipSS.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP
  • the lipid-based carrier comprise a cationic lipid selected or derived from ALC-0315.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprises at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid.
  • neutral lipid refers to any lipid species that exist in either an uncharged or neutral zwitterionic form at physiological pH.
  • Neutral lipids may be selected from DHPC, DHPC, DOPC, DPPC, DOPG, DPPG, DOPE, POPC, POPE, DOPE-mal, DPPE, DMPE, DSPE, 16-0-monomethyl PE, 16-0 ⁇ limethyl PE, 18-1-trans PE, SOPE, transDOPE,01,2 ⁇ liphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPhyPE), DPhyPS (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L- serine), or mixtures thereof.
  • the at least one neutral lipid is selected or derived from DSPC, DHPC, DPhyPE, or DPhyPS.
  • the at least one neutral lipid is selected or derived from DPhyPE and/or DphyPS.
  • the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP compnses DPhyPE and DPhyPS.
  • the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP comprises a steroid, steroid analog or sterol.
  • the steroid, steroid analogue or sterol is derived or selected from cholesterol, cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), or any derivate of these.
  • the lipid-based carrier compnses cholesterol.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA
  • the lipid-based carrier comprises (i) at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, preferably as defined herein; (ii) at least one (or two different) neutral lipids or phospholipids, preferably as defined herein; (iii) at least one steroid or steroid analogue, preferably as defined herein; and (iv) at least one aggregation reducing lipid, preferably as defined herein; wherein the lipid-based earner preferably encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses (i) a cationic lipid selected or derived from ALC-0315; (ii) a neutral lipid selected or derived from DSPC; (iii) a steroid or steroid analogue selected or derived from cholesterol: and (iv) an aggregation reducing lipid selected or derived from ALC-0159; wherein the lipid-based earner preferably encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the lipid-based earner preferably the LNP, comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses (i) a cationic lipid selected from compound C26 (VitE-C4DE-Pip-thioether); (ii) a neutral lipid selected from DPhyPE and a neutral lipid selected from DPhyPS; (iii) a steroid or steroid analogue selected from cholesterol; and (iv) an aggregation reducing lipid selected from a POZ-lipid, preferably from PMOZ 4; wherein the lipid-based carrier preferably encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the cationic lipid, the neutral lipid, the steroid or steroid analogue, and/or the aggregation reducing lipid are combined at various relative ratios.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, comphse (i) to (iv) in a molar ratio of about 20-60% cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, about 5-25% neutral lipid, about 25-55% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 0.5-15% aggregation reducing lipid e.g. polymer conjugated lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the lipid-based carriers preferably the LNPs, compnse (i) to (iv) in a molar ratio of about 45- 55% cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, about 5-15% neutral lipid, about 35-45% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 0.5- 2.5% aggregation reducing lipid e.g. polymer conjugated lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the lipid-based carriers preferably the LNPs, comprise (i) to (iv) in a molar ratio of about 47-51% cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, about 8-12% neutral lipid, about 38-42% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 0.75-1.75% aggregation reducing lipid e.g. polymer conjugated lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises (i)thecationiclipidALC-0315; (ii) the neutral lipidDSPC; (iii) the steroid or steroid analogue cholesterol; and (iv) the aggregation reducing lipid ALC-0159, preferably wherein i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 47.4% cationic lipid, about 10% neutral lipid, about 40.9% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 1.7% aggregation reducing lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • Z-average size refers to the mean diameter of particles as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with data analysis using the so- called cumulant algorithm, which provides as results the so-called Z-average with the dimension of a length, and the polydispersity index (PDI), which is dimensionless.
  • DLS dynamic light scattering
  • PDI polydispersity index
  • the lipid-based earner preferably the LNP
  • the lipid-based earner, preferably the LNP has a Z-average size ranging from about 50nm to about 200nm, preferably about 50nm to about 150nm, more preferably about 50nm to about120nm.
  • the combination comprises less than about 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% lipid-based carriers that have a particle size exceeding about 500nm.
  • the combination comprises less than about 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% LNPs that have a particle size smaller than about 20nm.
  • the lipid-based carrier exhibits a zeta potential in the range of -50 mV to +50 mV, preferably -25 mV to +25 mV, more preferably -10 mV to +10 mV, most preferably -5 mV to +5 mV.
  • the polydispersity index (PDI) of the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5.
  • the polydispersity index (PDI) value is less than about 0.3, preferably of less than about 0.2.
  • the PDI is determined by dynamic light scattering.
  • at least 70%, 80%, 90%,95% of the nucleic acid molecules is encapsulated in lipid-based carriers such as LNPs. The percentage of encapsulation may be determined by a RiboGreen assay as known in the art.
  • the plurality of lipid-based carriers have a lamellar morphology and/or a bilayer morphology.
  • at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the lipid-based earners have a spherical morphology.
  • the surface of the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP, is uncharged at pH 7.
  • the combination according to the invention comprises a first component that comprises an RNA (a first RNA) comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as described herein; and a second component that compnses an RNA (a second RNA) comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as described herein; wherein the first and second component are separate formulations that are contained in separate compositions, or separate formulations that are combined in one composition.
  • the first and the second RNA are preferably not identical.
  • the combination comphses an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated in a lipid-based carrier described herein and contained in one composition.
  • the combination additionally comprises - a further component that comprises an RNA compnsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as described herein; wherein the further component is a separate formulation that is contained in a separate composition.
  • the combination compn'ses - a first component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and a second component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and wherein the first and the second component are separate formulations that are contained in separate compositions (herein referred to "formulation A1" and "formulation B1").
  • the combination compnses a first component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and a second component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and wherein the first and the second component are separate formulations that are combined in one composition (herein referred to "forTrulation (A1 )(B1)").
  • the combination compnses an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or vanant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; and wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein, and are contained in one composition (herein referred to "formulation (A1 +B1 )").
  • the combination additionally comprises a further component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; or a further component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; wherein the further component is a separate formulation that is contained in a separate composition (herein referred to "formulation G").
  • formulation G a separate formulation that is contained in a separate composition
  • the combination may comprise the following compositions as separate entities (i) formulation A1 and (ii) formulation B1 and (iii) formulation G; (i) formulation (A1)(B1) and (ii) formulation G; or (i) formulation (A1+B1) and (ii) formulation G;
  • the combination of antigens as defined herein is produced in an amount sufficient for inducing an antigen specific immune response in said cell, tissue, or subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an increased immunogenicity in the cell, tissue, or subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in the subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response in the subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce humoral immunity, e.g. antibody titers and/or increased variety of antibody species against the encoded tumour antigens in the subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, is produced and increase IFN-gamma production by CD8+ T cells upon exposure to the encoded tumour antigens in the subject.
  • administration of the combination tissue, or subject is produced and increase the presentation of the encoded tumour antigens on MHC molecules in the subject.
  • presentation of the encoded polypeptide or peptide relates to higher amount and/or vanety of immunogenic and/or stable peptides presented via MHC class I and II molecules after protein degradation by the proteasomal machinery, and thus cellular immunity, e.g. T cell activation based thereon.
  • the presentation of the encoded polypeptide or peptide on MhlC class I and II molecules is increased on cells, comprising immune cells (e.g., T cells), antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages, engineered antigen-presenting cells), MHC class I- expressing cells, MhlC class 11-expressing cells, or any combination thereof.
  • immune cells e.g., T cells
  • antigen-presenting cells e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages, engineered antigen-presenting cells
  • MHC class I-expressing cells e.g., MHC class I-expressing cells
  • MhlC class 11-expressing cells e.g., MHC class I-expressing cells, MhlC class 11-expressing cells, or any combination thereof.
  • the administration of the combination results in immunogenicity and/or presentation on MHC molecules of the encoded combination of tumour antigens that is increased by about 2-fold to about 100-fold (e.g., about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5- fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 12-fold, 14-fold, 16-fold, 18-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 70-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, or about 100-fold) when compared to a subject that has not received the combination.
  • 2-fold to about 100-fold e.g., about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5- fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 12-fold, 14-fold, 16-fold, 18-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 70-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, or about 100-fold
  • the administration is an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous administration, preferably an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous injection, more preferably an intramuscular injection.
  • Further components of the combination The combination of the first aspect may compnse further components as defined in the following.
  • the combination compnses as one or more separate components at least one further pharmaceutically active ingredient.
  • the combination compnses at least one checkpoint inhibitor, preferably as described herein, and/or at least one chemotherapeutic agent, wherein the at least one chemotherapeutic agent is preferably a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, preferably as described herein with regard to the medical use of the combination.
  • the combination additionally comprises at least one checkpoint inhibitor as further component.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is preferably comprised in a separate component of the combination, for example, a separate composition such as a separate pharmaceutical composition.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is a PD-1 (Programmed Death-1) pathway inhibitor.
  • a PD-1 pathway inhibitor may be any inhibitor compound targeting any member of the PD-1 signalling pathway, preferably targeting PD-1, PD-L1 (Programmed Death-Ligand 1) or PD-L2 (Programmed Death-Ligand 2).
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is an anti PD-1 antibody, an anti PD-L1 antibody or an anti PD-L2 antibody, preferably an anti PD-1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody.
  • an antibody directed against PD1 preferably selected from the group consisting of Nivolumab (Opdivo), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), Cemiplimab (Libtayo), Sintilimab (Tyvyt) and Tonpalimab (Tuoyi), preferably Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab.
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is Pembrolizumab.
  • the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is an antibody (or a nucleic acid coding for an antibody) directed against a PD-1 ligand, preferably an antibody specifically binding to the extracellular domain of the PD-1 or PD-2 ligand.
  • composition in a second aspect, provides a composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens such as a combination of tumour antigens.
  • the composition comprises the combination of the first aspect.
  • the composition described herein comprises one or more components of the combination as described herein. These components may be referred to herein as "first”, “second”, “third”, etc. component, which merely serves to distinguish the individual components and which does not imply any further meaning. In particular, the use of these terms does not by itself imply any particular hierarchy amongst these components or any particular order of use/administration.
  • composition according to the invention preferably compnses the at least one nucleic acid molecule or the plurality of nucleic acid molecules as described herein with respect to the combination according to the invention.
  • the composition is preferably a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the composition comprises at least nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 or a fragment or variant thereof, WDR72-2:4 or a fragment or variant thereof, KCNMB2-AS1:4 or a fragment or van'ant thereof, and NTF3-5:5 or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule or the plurality of nucleic acids of the composition is characterized by any of the features or the combination of features as described herein with respect to the combination of the invention.
  • composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule refers to any type of composition in which the specified at I least one nucleic acid molecule encoding the antigens may be incorporated, optionally along with any further constituents, usually with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable earner or excipient.
  • the composition may be a dry composition such as a powder, a granule, or a solid lyophilized form.
  • the composition may be in liquid form, and each constituent may be independently incorporated in dissolved or dispersed (e.g. suspended or emulsified) form.
  • Suitable antigens (amino acid sequences) and respective nucleic acid sequences encoding the antigens compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, NTF3-5:5 are deschbed in detail in the context of the first aspect. Accordingly, suitable amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2- AS1:4, NTF3-5:5 may be selected from Table 1A or 1B, column BorC, or fragments or vanants of any of these. Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 1A or 1B, column D or E, or fragments or variants thereof.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the composition encodes at least one additional tumour antigen selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • suitable antigens (amino acid sequences) and respective nucleic acid sequences encoding the antigens comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 are described in detail in the context of the first aspect. Accordingly, suitable amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 may be selected from Table 2, column B or C, or fragments or variants of any of these.
  • Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 2, column D or E, or fragments or vanants thereof.
  • the at least one coding sequence encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one helper epitope, at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, at least one signal peptide, at least one linker, at least one degron, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • Suitable further peptide or protein elements (amino acid sequences) and respective nucleic acid sequences encoding said elements are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and may preferably be selected from at least one amino acid sequences as provided in Table 3, column B or C, or fragments or variants of any of these.
  • Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 3, column D or E, or fragments or van'ants thereof.
  • the antigen combination is comprised in at least one multi-antigen protein, wherein the multi-antigen protein comprises at least two antigens of the antigen combination.
  • the composition compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a multi-antigen protein as defined in the context of the first aspect, preferably selected from a multi-antigen protein of design 1 as defined in the context of the first aspect, design 2 as defined in the context of the first aspect, design 3 as defined in the context of the first aspect.
  • Suitable multi-antigen proteins amino acid sequences
  • respective nucleic acid sequences encoding said multi- antigen protein are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and may preferably be selected from at least one amino acid sequences as provided in Table 4, column C, or fragments orvanants of any of these.
  • Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 4, column D, or fragments or variants thereof.
  • Suitable features and embodiments referring to nucleic acid molecules of the composition are described in detail (e.g.
  • nucleic acid sequence features and embodiments of the first aspect
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably an mRNA. Suitable RNA sequences are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and are provided in Table 5 columns E or F, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA is formulated.
  • the at least one nucleic acid molecule is formulated in lipid-based carriers, preferably lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, lipoplexes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipo-polyplexes, and/ornanoliposomes, more preferably lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).
  • lipid-based carriers preferably lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, lipoplexes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipo-polyplexes, and/ornanoliposomes, more preferably lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).
  • the lipid-based carriers preferably the lipid nanoparticles, comprise (i) at least one cationic or ionizable lipid, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect); (ii) at least one neutral lipids or phospholipids, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect); (iii) at least one steroid or steroid analogue, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect); and (iv) at least one aggregation reducing lipid, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect).
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP compnsing the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA
  • the lipid-based carrier comprises (i) the cationic lipid ALC-0315; (ii) the neutral lipid DSPC; (iii) the steroid or steroid analogue cholesterol; and (iv) the aggregation reducing lipid ALC-0159, preferably wherein i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 47.4% cationic lipid, about 10% neutral lipid, about 40.9% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 1.7% aggregation reducing lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based earner encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the lipid-based carrier preferably the LNP compnsing the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably RNA
  • the lipid-based carrier comprises (i) the cationic lipid C26 (VitE-C4DE-Pip-thioether); I (ii) the neutral lipid DPhyPE and the neutral lipid DPhyPS; (iii) the steroid or steroid analogue cholesterol; and (iv) the aggregation reducing lipid PMOZ4, preferably wherein i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 49% cationic lipid, about 10% neutral lipid, about 40% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 1% aggregation reducing lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA.
  • the lipid-based carriers, preferably the LNPs of the composition have a Z-average size in a range of about 50nm to about 200nm, preferably from about 50nm to about 150nm.
  • the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: - A and B as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably A1 and B1 as defined herein (see multi- antigen protein design 2); C and D as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably C1 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); C and D as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably C2 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); or - E and F as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1 ), preferably E1 and F1 as defined herein (see multi- antigen protein
  • the composition comprises b/vo nucleic acid molecules, preferably two RNA molecules, wherein the two nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: A and B as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably A1 and B1 as defined herein (see multi- antigen protein design 2); wherein the nucleic acid molecules are preferably formulated as defined herein, preferably in lipid-based earners.
  • the composition comprises one nucleic acid molecule, preferably one RNA molecule, wherein the one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following multi-antigen protein: G as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably G1 or G1 as defined in herein (see multi- antigen protein design 2); wherein the nucleic acid molecules are preferably formulated as defined herein, preferably in lipid-based carriers.
  • the composition of the second aspect may compnse formulation G as defined in the context of the first aspect; formulation (A1 )(B1) as defined in the context of the first aspect; or formulation (A1+B1) as defined in the context of the first aspect.
  • the composition compnses a first component that comprises an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, and a second component that comprises an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, wherein the first and the second component are preferably co-fonnulated or separately formulated, more preferably co- formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based carrier, even more preferably in a lipid-based earner as defined herein.
  • the composition compnses at least one RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein the RNA is preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner, more preferably in a lipid-based earner as defined herein.
  • the composition comphses An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are separately formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP.
  • the composition comprises An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or vanant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules co-formulated in a lipid-based cameras defined herein, preferably an LNP.
  • the composition compnses An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661 , or a fragment or variant thereof, or an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecule is formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP.
  • the composition comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NO: 632,or a fragment or variant thereof and an RNA according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated or separately formulated, preferably co-formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably in an LNP.
  • the composition comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, wherein the RNA molecule is preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably in an LNP.
  • the combination of antigens as defined herein is produced in an amount sufficient for inducing an antigen specific immune response in said cell, tissue, or subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens is produced, preferably in an amount sufficient for inducing an antigen specific immune response in said cell, tissue, or subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an increased immunogenicity in the cell, tissue, or subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in the subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response in the subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce humoral immunity, e.g. antibody titers and/or increased variety of antibody species against the encoded tumour antigens in the subject.
  • the encoded combination of antigens upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, is produced and increase IFN-gamma production by CD8+ T cells upon exposure to the encoded tumour antigens in the subject.
  • administration of the composition tissue, or subjed the encoded combination of antigens is produced and increase the presentation of the encoded tumour antigens on MHC molecules in the subject.
  • the administration of the composition results in increased immunogenicity and/or presentation on MHC molecules of the encoded combination of tumour antigens that is increased by between about 0.1% and about 100% (e.g., about 0.5%, 51%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or about 100%) when compared to a subject that has not received the formulation.
  • about 0.1% and about 100% e.g., about 0.5%, 51%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or about 100%
  • the administration of the composition results in immunogenicity and/or presentation on MHC molecules of the encoded combination of tumour antigens that is increased by about 2-fold to about 100-fold (e.g., about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5- fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 12-fold, 14-fold, 16-fold, 18-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 1070-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, or about 100-fold) when compared to a subject that has not received the composition.
  • about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5- fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 12-fold, 14-fold, 16-fold, 18-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 1070-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, or about 100-fold when compared to a subject that has not received the composition.
  • the administration is an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous administration, preferably an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous injection, more preferably an intramuscular injection.
  • a peptide or protein antigen combination In a third aspect, the invention provides a peptide or protein antigen combination. In preferred embodiments of the third aspect, the peptide or protein antigen combination comprises the antigens encoded 15 by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention as defined in the context of the first and/or second aspect. Accordingly, specific features and embodiments described in the context of the first and/or second aspect are likewise applicable to the third aspect.
  • Suitable peptide or protein antigens are described in detail in the context of the first aspect. Accordingly, suitable antigens comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-0 AS1:4, NTF3-5:5 may be selected from Table 1A or 1B, column BorC, or fragments or variants of any of these.
  • the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 each of which compnsed in the combination of peptide or protein antigens as specified herein, compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to anyone ofSEQ ID NOs: 136-327, 684-699, or a fragment orvanant 5 of any of these.
  • Suitable antigens comprising an amino acid sequence peptide from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 may be selected from Table 2, column B or C, or fragments or variants of any of these.
  • the antigens selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of peptide or protein antigens as specified herein, comprises or consists of at least 0 one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 556-563,673-682, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the combination of peptide or protein antigens compnses at least one multi-antigen protein as defined in the context of the first aspect, preferably selected from a multi-antigen protein of multi-antigen protein design 1, multi- antigen protein design 2, or multi-antigen protein design 3.
  • Suitable multi-antigen proteins are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and may preferably be selected from at least one amino acid sequences as provided in Table 4, column C, or fragments or vanants of any of these.
  • the invention provides a multi-antigen protein that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 572-600, or an immunogenic fragment or variant of any of these, p referably SEQ ID NOs: 574, 577,594,595, or an immunogenic fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the peptide or protein antigen combination as defined herein is formulated in at least one pharmaceutical carrier as defined herein to obtain a pharmaceutical composition.
  • kits or kit of parts comprising at least one of the therapeutic agents of the foregoing aspects.
  • the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components, preferably in different containers/vials: i) at least one combination as defined in the first aspect; and/or ii) at least one pharmaceutical composition as defined in the second aspect; and/or iii) at least one peptide or protein antigen combination as defined in the third aspect.
  • the kit the following components, preferably in different containers/vials: i) component A that provides antigens comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 , WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably wherein the antigens are provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention, wherein said component does not comprise an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11; ii) at least one further component that provides the antigens comprising at least one amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11, preferably wherein the antigens are provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention, wherein said component optionally comprises an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2- AS1:4,and/orNTF3-5
  • the antigens comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 are provided in form of a multi-antigen protein as defined herein.
  • the antigens comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 are provided in form of a multi-antigen protein as defined herein.
  • the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components, preferably in different containers/vials: component A: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein G (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein G1 or G2 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect); component B: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein A (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein A1 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect); - component C: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein B (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein B1 (as defined in
  • the kit or kit of parts compnses the following components in different containers/vials: component A: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652-653 or 661-662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; component B: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and component C: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based cameras defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein.
  • component A An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652-653 or 661-662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein
  • component B An RNA according to SEQ ID
  • the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components, preferably in different containersA/ials: component A: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein G (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein G1 or G2 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect); component B: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein A (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein A1 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect) and at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein B (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein B1 (as defined in the context of the context of the
  • the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components in different containers/vials: component A: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652-653 or 661-662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; component B: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof, co-formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein.
  • the component A of the kit is to be administered spatially or temporally separated from other components of the kit such as component B and/or C.
  • component A provides the antigens compn'sing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, but does not provide an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11.
  • a spatially and/or temporally separated administration of component A from other components of the kit such as component B and/or C may improve the immune response (e.g.
  • antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 may be immunodominant if administered at the same timepoint and/or into the same location with antigens originating from IncRNAs as defined herein.
  • the term "temporally separated" means that the administration of component A is to be performed at a timepoint different from the administration of the other components.
  • component A is to be administered 1d to 180d before the administration of the other components, preferably 10d to 90d, or 20d to 60d before the administration of the other components.
  • component A is to be administered as a prime administration (e.g. a prime vaccination) and the other components such as component B and/or C are to be administered as one or more boost administrations (e.g. a boost vaccinations).
  • the one or more boost administrations are performed 1d to 180d after the prime administration, preferably 10d to 90d, or20d to 60d after the prime administration.
  • the term "spatially separated" means that the adminisb-ation of component A is to be performed into different locations of a subject than the adminisb-ation of the other components.
  • the administration is to be performed into different limbs such as the left arm and the right arm.
  • the kit or kit of parts additionally comprises at least one checkpoint inhibitor, preferably an anti PD1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody, as a separate entity in a vial and/or container.
  • the kit or kit of parts comprises technical instructions providing information on administration and dosage of the components.
  • the technical instructions may define that the administration of component A is to be performed spatially and/or temporally separated from the administration of the other components such as component B and/orC.
  • kits, preferably kits of parts may be applied e.g. for any of the applications or uses mentioned herein, preferably for the use of the therapeutic agents i) to iv) for the treatment of cancer or a diseases, disorder, or condition related to cancer.
  • the invention relates to the medical use of the subject matter of any of the foregoing aspects.
  • features and embodiments described in the context of the first aspect (the combination) or the second aspect (pharmaceutical composition) or the third aspect (peptide or protein antigen combination) or the fourth aspect (kit or kit of parts) must be read on and must be understood as suitable embodiments of the present aspects (medical uses) and vice versa.
  • the medical use as described herein preferably comprises the administration of at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding the combination of antigens described herein with respect to the combination, (pharmaceutical) composition or the kit or kit of parts.
  • the invention provides a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect, for use as a medicament e.g. for treating or preventing a disease, disorder, or condition in a subject.
  • the medical use is preferably characterised by the administration of the (nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding the) antigens as described herein with respect to the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts, respectively.
  • the invention concerns the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit or kit of parts described herein for medical use, wherein the use comprises the administration of an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 602 or 603, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 605 or 606, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, and optionally an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably
  • the invention concerns the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit or kit of parts described herein for medical use, wherein the use comprises the administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 631 or 632, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 634 or 635, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, and optionally an RNA compnsing the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein.
  • Preventing (inhibiting) or treating a disease relates to inhibiting the full development of a disease or condition, for example, in a subject who is at risk for a disease such as an infection or cancer.
  • Treatment refers to a therapeutic intervention that ameliorates a sign or symptom of a disease or pathological condition after it has begun to develop.
  • the term “ameliorating”, with reference to a disease or pathological condition, refers to any observable beneficial effect of the b-eabnent.
  • Inhibiting a disease can include preventing or reducing the risk of the disease.
  • the beneficial effect can be evidenced, for example, by a delayed onset of clinical symptoms of the disease in a susceptible subject, a reduction in severity of some or all clinical symptoms of the disease, a slower progression of the disease, an improvement in the overall health or well-being of the subject, or by other parameters that are specific to the particular disease.
  • a "prophylactic" treatment is a treatment administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease or exhibits only eariy signs for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology.
  • the use may be for human medical purposes and for veterinary medical purposes, preferably for human medical purposes.
  • the use may be for human medical purposes, in particular, for young infants, newboms, immunocompromised recipients, pregnant and breast-feeding women, and elderiy people.
  • the use may be for human medical purposes for subjects that have cancer.
  • the invention provides a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect, for use as a medicament in treating or preventing cancer in a subject, or any disease, disorder, or condition related to cancer.
  • cancer refers to a neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled and usually rapid proliferation of cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metastasize to distant body sites.
  • the term encompasses benign and malignant neoplasms. Malignancy in cancers is typically characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis; whereas benign malignancies typically have none of those properties.
  • the terms includes neoplasms characterized by tumour growth as well as cancers of blood and lymphatic system.
  • cancer according to the disclosure also compnses cancer metastases, e.g.
  • the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is provided for use in a subject diagnosed with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC), preferably metastatic sqNSCLC, more preferably stage IV metastatic sqNSCLC, wherein the subject receives or has received a PD-1 pathway inhibitor.
  • sqNSCLC squamous non-small-cell lung cancer
  • the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is preferably a PD-1 pathway inhibitor as described herein, more preferably an anti-PD-1 antibody, even more preferably PembrolizumaborNivolumab.
  • the subject may express or not express PD-1 or PD-L1.
  • the subject received the PD-1 pathway inhibitor for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5or6 months, more preferably at least 3 months.
  • the subject has preferably received at least three cycles of treatment with the PD-1 pathway inhibitor, e.g. Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab.
  • cisplatin, carboplatin) or a platinum-based combination chemotherapy e.g. cisplatin in combination with vinorelbine, cisplatin in combination with etoposide, cisplatin in combination with gemcitabine, cisplatin in combination with taxanes, cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with premetrexed, or carboplatin in combination with taxanes, such as paclitaxel.
  • the subject receives or has received a combination therapy with a platinum- based compound (e.g. carboplatin) and a taxane (e.g. (nab)-paclitaxel).
  • the subject has received at least two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy.
  • the subject receives or has received PD-1 pathway inhibitor treatment, preferably as described above, and optionally platinum-based chemotherapy, preferably as described above, with no documented disease progression and is preferably eligible for maintenance therapy with Pembrolizumab.
  • the subject has a measurable disease according to RECIST 1.1.
  • the combination, the pharmaceutical composition, or the kit or kit of parts comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in herein, preferably an LNP as defined in herein.
  • the administration of the combination of antigens of the invention may occur either simultaneously or timely staggered, either at the same site of administration or at different sites of administration.
  • the adminisfration comphses two, three, or more administrations, wherein the two, three, or more administrations are spatially or temporally separated.
  • the administration compnses a first administration to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1 :4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably to provide at least one multi- antigen protein G as defined herein, preferably G1 or G2 as defined herein.
  • the first administration does not provide any of the additional antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11.
  • the administration comprises one or more further administrations to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11, preferably to provide multi- antigen protein A as defined as defined herein, preferably A1 as defined herein, and/or multi-antigen protein B as defined herein, preferably B1 as defined herein.
  • a spatially and/or temporally separated administration of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1 :4, and NTF3-5:5 from any of the additional antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 may be advantageous.
  • antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 may be immunodominant if administered at the same timepoint and/or into the same location with antigens originating from IncRNAs as defined herein.
  • the term "temporally separated" means that the first administration is performed at a timepoint different from the one or more further administrations.
  • the first administration is performed 1d to 180d before the one or more further administrations, preferably 1 Od to 90d, or 20d to 60d before the one or more further administrations.
  • the first administration is a prime administration (e.g. a prime vaccination) to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5.-5, preferably to provide at least one multi-antigen protein G as defined herein, preferably G1 or G2 as defined herein.
  • the one or more further administrations are one or more boost administrations (e.g.
  • the antigens of the one or more further administrations are provided as provide multi-antigen protein A as defined herein, preferably A1 as defined herein, and/or multi-antigen protein B as defined as defined herein, preferably B1 as defined herein.
  • the one or more further administration compnses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, or more administrations.
  • the one or more further administrations are performed 1d to 180d after the prime administration, preferably 10d to 90d, or20d to 60d after the prime administration.
  • the term "spatially separated" means that the first adminisfaation may be administered into different locations of a subject than the one or more further administration.
  • the first administration is injected into different limbs such as the left arm and the right arm.
  • the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably provided as (a nucleic acid molecule encoding) multi-antigen protein G as defined herein, more preferably G1 or G2 as defined herein, are administered into one limb, preferably into one shoulder of the subject.
  • the antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as described herein are administered into another limb, preferably into the opposite shoulder with respect to the administration of the antigens derived from ZC3H8-6:1, I WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, as described above.
  • a nucleic acid molecule encoding multi-antigen protein G1 is administered into one shoulder and two further nucleic acid molecules encoding multi-antigen proteins A1 and B1, preferably as described herein, are administered, preferably temporally separated as described herein, into the opposite shoulder.
  • the medical use as described herein compnses a first administration comprising administration of an RNA compnsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based cameras defined herein, and a second administration comprising administration of an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 602 or 603, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, and an RNA comphsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 605 or 606, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein.
  • the medical use described herein comprises a first administration comprising administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, and a second administration comprising administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 631 or 632, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein; and an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 634 or 635, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein.
  • the RNAs administered in the second adminish-ation are separately formulated and contained in separate compositions, or separately formulated and contained in one composition. Most preferably, the second or further administration is administered in the opposite limb with respect to the first adminisb-ation. In alternative embodiments, the order of administ-ation may be reversed.
  • the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts described herein is initially administered every 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or10 days.
  • the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is initially administered weekly.
  • that initial period (also referred to herein as "induction treabnent period”) comprises 2,3,4,5or6 administrations, preferably administered over the course of 2,3,4,5 or 6 weeks, respectively.
  • the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is initially administered for four times over the course of about three to four weeks.
  • the administration may (initially) take place on days 1, 8,15 and 22.
  • the initial period (induction treatment period) is followed by a main treatment period, which is preferably characterised by longer intervals between individual administrations.
  • the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is administered during the main treabnent period every 2,3,4, 5 or 6 weeks, preferably every 3 weeks. More preferably, the total duration of the entire treatment period (induction treatment period + main treatment period) is at least 6, 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, 15,16, 17 or 18 months. Most preferably, the total duration of the fa-eatment is about one year.
  • the initial period (induction b-eatment period) is followed by a main treatment period, wherein the administration regime of the initial period is maintained over the course of the main treatment period.
  • an administered dose of the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition or the kit or kit of parts described herein comprises at least 50, 60,70,80, 90,100,125,150,175,200,250,300,350, 400,450,500, 550 or at least GOOpg of nucleic acid molecules, more preferably of RNA.
  • a single administration compnses about 100,200or400
  • the treatment comprises the administration of a PD-1 pathway inhibitor, preferably as described herein, more preferably an anti-PD-1 antibody, most preferably Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab, wherein the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is preferably administered prior to the PD-1 pathway inhibitor, preferably at least 20,30,40,50, 60,70,80,90,100, 110,120,130,140, 150, 160,170 or 180 minutes, more preferably at least 30 or 60 minutes before administration of the PD-1 pathway inhibitor.
  • the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is preferably administered as per standard of care, more preferably throughout the entire treatment period.
  • the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts in combination with chemotherapy preferably as described herein
  • the chemotherapy is preferably performed as per standard of care, more preferably throughout the entire treatment period.
  • the use comprises the administration of a checkpoint inhibitor, preferably an anti PD1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody, as a separate entity in a vial and/or container.
  • the subject has cancer, in particular squamous cell carcinoma such assqNSCLCand/orHNSCC.
  • Methods of treatment In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method of treating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition.
  • features and embodiments described in the context of the first aspect (the combination) or the second aspect (pharmaceutical composition) or the third aspect (peptide or protein antigen combination) or the fourth aspect (kit or kit of parts) or the fifth aspect aspects (medical uses) must be read on and must be understood as suitable embodiments of the present aspects (methods of treatment).
  • the present invention relates to a method of fr'eating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition, wherein the method compnses applying or administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect.
  • the disease, disorder or condition is cancer, e.g. any disease, disorder or condition associated with cancer as defined herein, preferably squamous cell carcinoma, more preferably squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hlNSCC).
  • Figure 1 shows the design of mRNAsRI 2699, R12702 and R12711 as well as their encoded fusion proteins. All mRNAs contain the same non-coding elements (cap, 5'-UTR, 3'-UTR and poly-A tail) and differ only in the ORF. Each ORF encodes a fusion protein consisting of the CTLA-4 SP, linkers (G4S), multiple antigens [MAGE-As and smORFs (N, K, Z and W)], T-helper epitopes D and/or T, and the TM/CD of CTLA-4.
  • G4S linkers
  • MAGE-As and smORFs multiple antigens
  • T-helper epitopes D and/or T
  • TM/CD the TM/CD of CTLA-4.
  • mRNA#1 (3047 nucleotides) encodes fusion protein #1 which contains MAGE-A4, MAGE- A9, and the smORFs N and K as well as the T- helper epitopes D and T, and the CTLA-4 SP and TM/CD.
  • CVHNLC mRNA#2 (3251 nucleotides) encodes fusion protein #2 which contains MAGE-A11, MAGE- A3 and the smORFs Z and W as well as the T-helper epitopes D and T, and the CTLA-4 SP and TM/CD.
  • mRNA #3 (1280 nucleotides) encodes fusion protein #3 which contains the smORFs Z, N, W,and K as well as the T- helper epitope T, and the CTLA-4 SP and TM/CD.
  • FIG. 2 shows the transcript expression of the 4 indicated IncRNA-smORFs in healhy tissues.
  • the entire GTEx database V8 was used to calculate transcript abundance. Black points are the median values, which are also labeled.
  • FIG. 3 shows the in vitro antigen validation of the indicated smORFs in a DC-T cell assay (further details see Example 3, Table E9-E11).
  • PBMCs from healthy donors were used to generate immature monocyte- derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and to isolate T-cells.
  • moDCs monocyte- derived dendritic cells
  • These immature moDCs were then loaded with smORF-specific peptide pools, maturated overnight and subsequently co-cultured with autologous T-cells for eight days. After this period, a portion of T-cells was rested overnight and used for Fluorospot (R1), while the remaining T-cells underwent another round of co-culture with autologous and peptide-loaded monocytes for an additional eight days.
  • R1 Fluorospot
  • Figure 4 shows the estimated (individual) patient cohort coverage of the 4 smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC.
  • HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • HPV human papillomavirus
  • LUSC lung squamous cell carcinoma
  • Figure 5 shows the estimated patient coverages for a combination of the 4 smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC.
  • patient cohort coverage based on HLA-1 was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4.
  • the expected coverage is depided on the y-axis; each point represents the mean coverage of a simulated cohort of 20 patients repeated 50 times. For example, if "minimum number of antigens considered" equals one, a patient is considered as covered if at least one epitope from any of the 4 smORFs is likely to bind a patient's HLA-1 (i.e. the antigen is expressed in the patient's tumour and the patient has suitable HLA-1 alleles to present the a respective epitope thereof).
  • FIG. 6 shows the induction CD4 helper responses by the preferred non-cognate T helper peptides TT P32XL and DT P1XL in human PBMCs.
  • cryopreserved human PBMCs isolated from healthy blood donors were seeded and stimulated with GM-CSF, IL-4, and FLt3-L for APC differentiation.
  • LPS, R848 and I L-1 p were added to the wells to further support APC activation and enhance their capacity to stimulate T-cells. These cells were then stimulated, on the same day, with TT P32XL or DT P1XL peptide, a positive control (CEFT peptide pool), or the negative controls MOG or DMSO at a concentration of 1
  • Figure 7 shows the in vivo immunogenicity of the mRNA R12711 formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.1.
  • CB6F1 hybrid mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with 5
  • FIG. 8 shows the estimated (individual) patient cohort coverage of MAGE-A3/A6, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A9/9B and MAGE-A11 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC.
  • patient cohort coverage based on HLA-I was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4/7. The expected coverage is depicted on the y-axis; each point represents the mean coverage of a simulated cohort of 20 patients repeated 50 times.
  • MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 encode proteins with 96% identity (Pineda et al.2015; PMID: 25679763); MAGE-A9 and MAGE-A9B encode for an identical protein product (https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P43362/entry), resulting in a high major histocompatibility complex (MhlC)-l epitope level overlap. Therefore, the expression for MAGE-A3 was taken as a summed expression of MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6; similariy, MAGE-A9 and MAGEA-9B were also grouped.
  • FIG. 10 shows the estimated patient coverages for a combination of MAGE-A3/6, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A9/9B and MAGE-A11 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC.
  • patient cohort coverage based on HLA-I was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4/7. The expected coverage is depicted on the y-axis; each point represents the mean coverage of a simulated cohort of 20 patients repeated 50 times.
  • minimum number of antigens considered a patient is considered as covered if at least one epitope from any of the MAGEs is likely to bind a patient's HLA-1 (i.e. the antigen is expressed in the patient's tumour and the patient has suitable HLA-1 alleles to present the a respective epitope thereof).
  • minimum number of antigens considered equals two, a patient is considered as covered if at least two epitopes each from two different MAGEs are likely to bind a patient's HLA-1, and so forth. Further details in regard to MAGE-A3/A6 as well as MAGE-A9/9B as specified in legend of Figure 8.
  • Figures 11-15 show the estimated patient coverages for a combination of the smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 alone (scenario 1) or additionally with MAGE-A3/6 (scenario 2), MAGE-A3/6/4 (scenario 3), MAGE-A3/6/4/9/9B (scenario 4) or MAGE- A3/6/4/9/9B/11 (scenario 5) in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC.
  • patient cohort coverage based on HLA-1 was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4/7/8.
  • Figure 16 shows the in vivo immunogenicity of mRNAs R12711, R12699 and R12702 formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.2.5
  • mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were isolated. Splenocytes were individually restimulated with peptide libranes for each encoded smORF or MAGE (15-mer libraries covering the complete antigens) or DMSO as control and analyzed by flow cytometry.
  • the magnitude of the CD8+ T cell responses against the 4 encoded smORFs (top) and plotte MAdGE.s (bottom) is shown as percentage of IFN-Y+ TNF+ cells of CD8+ T cells.
  • FIG 17 shows the relative amounts of fusion proteins encoded by mRNA #1 and #2 in HEK293T cells as described in Example 10.
  • HEK293T cells were individually transfected with mRNAs #1 and #2 (see Figure 1). The fr-ansfected cells were then incubated with or without the proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomibo reduce degradation of the fusion protein and allow its accumulation. Eighteen hours post transfection, the resulting fusion proteins encoded by the CVHNLC mRNAs were measured by capillary western blot using either an antibody specific for MAGE-A4 (detecting only fusion protein #1), MAGE-A11 (detecting only fusion protein #2) or CTLA-4 (detecting both fusion proteins).
  • Figure 18 shows the immunogenicity of CVhlNLC mRNAs-encoded antigens in vivo.
  • the induction of CD8+ T-cell responses in mice are shown in Figure 18A and CD4+ T-cell responses in mice are shown in Figure 18B.5
  • As control irrelevant mRNA (PpLuc) was administrated in same schema.
  • Figure 19 shows the schematic overview of the trial design.
  • positive control MART1 peptides or MART1 encoding mRNA and as negative control GFP encoding mRNA was used. For further details see Example 16.
  • Example 1 Preparation of nucleic acids
  • the present example provides methods of obtaining RNAs of the invention as well as methods of generating compositions of the invention comprising nucleic acid(s), in particular RNA formulated in lipid-based earners, e.g. LNPs.
  • Example 1.1 Preparation of DNA templates for RNAin vitro transcription
  • DNA sequences encoding cancer antigens of the invention were prepared and used for subsequent RNA in vitro franscription reactions. Some DNA sequences were prepared by modifying the wild type or reference encoding DNA sequences by introducing a G/C optimized coding sequence for stabilization and expression optimization.
  • RNA constructs were introduced into a pUC derived DNA vector to comprise stabilizing UTR sequences and a stretch of adenosines and an optional histone stem-loop (hSL).
  • the obtained plasmid DNA templates were transformed and propagated in bactena using common protocols known in the art.
  • the plasmid DNA templates were extracted, purified, and lineanzed using a type II restriction enzyme.
  • the herein used RNA constructs are provided in Table E1.
  • RNA constructs used in the Examples R NAID Name SEQ ID NO: SEQID SEQID Protein NO: CDS NO:RNA R 12699 HsCTLA4(1 ⁇ 0)_G4S_HsMAGEA4_G4S_HsMAGEA9_ 574 603 632 G4S_CdDTX(360-380)_G4S_HssmORF4_ G4S_smORF3_G4S_CtTETX(1170-1195)_ G4S_HsCTLA4(162-223); SP-M4-M9-DT-N-K-TT-IRAP(A1) R 12702 HsCTLA4(1-40)_G4S_HsMAGEA11_ 577 606 635 G4S_HsMAGEA3(171-1109)_G4S_CdDTX(360- 380)_G4S_HssmORF6_G4S_HssmORF5_G4S_C
  • Table E3 Oyewiew of OREelements encoded by R12699, R12702 and R12711 E lement SEQID Type Function Length NO: (aa) Protein MAGE-A3(aa 2-314) 557 cancer testis antigen; full- Induction ofanti-tumoral CD8+ 313 M AGE-A4(aa2-317) 559 length protein sequence; and CD4+ T-cell responses and 316 M AGE-A9(aa2-315) 561 TAA antibody responses 314 MAGE-A11(aa 2-429) 563 428 K CNMB2AS14633753 210 small open reading frame Induction ofanti-tumoral CD8+ 38 lncNTF35511951417 244 (smORF); TAA and CD4+ T-cell responses and 72 lncWDR722415641696 159 antibody responses 42 lnc
  • RNA IVT reaction was subjected to purification steps comprising RP-hlPLC.
  • Example 1.3 Preparation of lipid-based carriers encapsulating the mRNA
  • Example 1.3.1 LNP composition used in Example 6 The LNP composition used in Example 6 was prepared using the NanoAssemblrTM microfluidic system (Precision 15 NanoSystems Inc., Vancouver, BC) according to standard protocols which enables controlled, bottom-up, molecular self- assembly of nanoparticles via custom-engineered microfluidic mixing chips that enable millisecond mixing of nanoparticle components at a nanoliter scale.
  • lipid nanoparticle composition For preparation of the lipid nanoparticle composition the following excipients / lipids were used: (i) ionizable lipid: VitE-C4DE-Pip-thioether (C26) as described herein and in Table 1 of published patent application 20 W02021123332 (compound C26); (ii) cholesterol (Avanti Polar Lipids; Alabaster, AL) as described herein; (iii) neutral lipid / phospholipid "DPhyPE” (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; Avanti Polar Lipids; Alabaster, AL) as described herein; (iv) phosphatidylserine DPhyPS (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine; Avanti Polar Lipids; Alabaster, AL, 25850408P) as described herein; and (v) a polymer conjugated lipid, PMO
  • Syringe pumps were installed into inlet parts of the NanoAssemblrTM (Precision NanoSystems Inc., Vancouver, BC) and used to mix the ethanolic lipid solution with the mRNA aqueous solution at a ratio of about 1:5 to 1:3 (vol/vol) with total flow rates from about 14ml/min to about 18ml/min.
  • the ethanol was then removed, and the external buffer replaced with PBS/sucrose buffer (phi 7.4, 75mM NaCI, 10mM phosphate, 150mM sucrose) by dialysis (Slide-A-LyzerTM Dialysis Cassettes, ThermoFisher). Finally, the lipid nanoparticles were filtered through a 0.2pm pore sterile filter.
  • Lipid nanoparticle particle diameter size was from about 90nm to about140nm as determined by quasi- elastic light scattering using a Malvem Zetasizer Nano (Malvem Instruments Ltd.; Malvem, UK).
  • Example 1.3.2 LNP compositions used in Example 9 State-of-the-art LNP compositions used in Example 9 were composed of 40.9mol% cholesterol, 10mol% DSPC, 47.4mol% ALC-0315, and 1.7mol% ALC-0159. State-of-the-art LNP were prepared essentially according to the procedures described in W02015199952, W02017004143 and W02017075531.
  • Example 2 Identification and selection of smORF antigens suitable for a LUSC/HNSCC vaccine
  • the goal of the experiment was to identify smORFs in long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) which could be used for a vaccine against lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC, also referred as sqNSCLC) as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  • LUSC lung squamous cell carcinoma
  • HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • Discovery ofsmORFs in IncRNAs expressed in LUSC/HNSCC To discover smORFs in IncRNAs, a first set of analyses were performed. To this end, the coding potential in IncRNA sequences was predicted as an initial step. Then, a transcriptomics differential expression analysis was conducted comparing tumour expression (TCGA LUSC) vs.
  • TCGA LUSC tumour expression
  • the IncRNAs/smORFs were kept that show low expression in normal tissue, using transcn'ptomics (GTEx W) and mass spectrometry (PXD010154).
  • GTEx W transcn'ptomics
  • PXD010154 mass spectrometry
  • 4 particularly preferred IncRNA-smORFs were identified in the context ofLUSC: KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696and lncZC3H86163144.
  • the expression of those preferred 4 IncRNA-smORFs in LUSC and hlNSCC was further analyzed.
  • the proportion of LUSC or HNSCC patients in the respective TCGA cohorts who (over)expressed a given IncRNAs was determined.
  • the tumour expression had to exceed a certain threshold value, which was a multiple of the expression in healthy tissue for the IncRNA in question.
  • further silica safety assessments were performed. Expression of smORFs in healthy tissue was re-analyzed using databases including healthy tissue database (GTExVS), human proteome database (ENSEMBL) and Immune Epitope Database (IEDB).
  • IncRNA-smORFs being particularly preferred for a LUSC/HNSCC vaccine TCGA IncRNA smORF Predicted smORF Proportion of patients study/ immunogenicty overexpressing indication [neoim_score] IncRNA [%] H NSCC KCNMB2-AS1:4 KCNMB2AS14633753 0.550 46 H NSCC lnc-NTF3-5:5 lncNTF35511951417 0.612 26 H NSCC lnc-WDR72-2:4 lncWDR722415641696 0.571 47 H NSCC lnc-ZC3H8-6:1 lncZC3H86163144 0.520 62 L USC KCNMB2-AS1:4 KCNMB2AS14633753 0.550 81 L USC lnc-NTF3-5:5 lncNTF35511951417 0.612 57 L USC lnc-WDR72-2:4
  • the 4 particulariy preferred IncRNA-smORFs were shown to be frequently expressed in LUSC and HNSCC patients. Furthermore, their translational potential was confirmed.
  • Example 3 Antigen validation of the preferred smORFs - in vitrojmmunogenicitv The goal of the experiment was to analyse the in vitro immunogenicity of the 4 preferred smORFs described in Example 2. Peptides compnsing the epitopes of interest were synthesized according to standard procedures. The amino acid sequences of the peptides are given in the respective Examples. Peptide pools as shown in Table E9 were used.
  • round 1 and round 2 the pan T cells were harvested and re-stimulated with peptide loaded monocytes on IFN-y FluoroSpot plates.
  • the FluoroSpot plates were developed according to the Manufacturer's protocol. The numbers of IFN-y and granzyme B (GzmB) secreting pan T cells were measured using the Mabtech IRISTM FluoroSpot Reader. Furthermore, moDC quality control was performed using flow cytometry.
  • DMSO fetal sulfate
  • MART Myelinoligodendrocyte glycoprotein
  • CEF/CEFBA positive controls
  • IFNy+ and GzmB+ spot forming units (SFU) were measured with a Fluorospot assay for each R1 and R2 and the delta SFU (dSFU) was calculated as the absolute difference in spots between the tested smORF- derived peptides and the respective DMSO control condition after normalizing the SFU/well to SFU/million.
  • SFU spot forming units
  • dSFU delta SFU
  • a response was considered a "recall response” if the following criteria was met: i) dSFU for R1 was at least 30, and ii) dSFU R2 was at least 2-fold higher compared to dSFU R1.
  • a response was considered a "memory response” if the following criteria was met: i) dSFU for R1 was at least 100, and ii) dSFU R2 was 0.1-2.0 fold compared to dSFU R1. It should be noted that failure to meet the above criteria in a given condition does not necessarily mean that there was no recall or memory response. Rather, it may be that a recall or memory response was simply of a lesser magnitude than the above thresholds or incompatible with the above critena that were chosen for uniform batch analysis.
  • the graph shows IFN-gamma ( Figure 3A) and GzmB (Figure 3B) readouts of the assay described in the present example.
  • Recall and memory responses shown in Figure 3 A and B are furthermore summarized in Table E11.
  • Table E11 Summary of recall and memory responses shown in Figure 3 A ntigen P I oo Amount Recall Amount Recall Amount Memory Amount Memory of recall respons of recall respons of respons of respons response e for response e for memory e for memory e for s for INFy+- s for GzmB+- response INFy+- response GzmB- INFy+ PBMC GzmB+ PBMC s for PBMC donors donors INF/ ⁇ donors GzmB donors KCNMB2A s A3 2 D2,D6 2 D2,D8 14633753 lncNTF355 B4 4 D2, D3, 1 D3 1 D1 1 D1 11951417 D4,D7 l
  • Example 4 Patient cohort coverages for individual smORFs as well as combinations thereof in LUSC and HNSCC The goal of the experiment was to estimate the patient cohort coverages ofthe4 preferred smORFs in LUSC and hlNSCC. To this end, the patient cohort coverages of the individual smORFs as well as combinations thereof were analyzed in LUSC and (hlPV-negative) HNSCC.
  • Patient cohort coverage based on HLA-1 was estimated using innovative algorithms that considered patient-specific data, including antigen expression, HLA-1 genotypes and epitope binding, integrating experimental data and predictions. Prediction error was also considered to reduce the risk of over-estimating coverage, using a simulation-based approach to account for coverage variability.
  • Figure 4 shows that all 4 smORFs individually demonsfrated a significant patient coverage in both LUSC and (hlPV- negative) hlNSCC, further underlining their promise in these indications.
  • Figure 5 shows the estimated patient cohort coverages for a combination of those 4 preferred smORFs in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC. For example, if "minimum number of antigens considered" equals one, a patient is considered as covered if at least one epitope from any of the 4 smORFs is likely to bind a patients HLA-1 (i.e. the antigen is expressed in the patient's tumour and the patient has suitable hlLA-1 alleles to present the a respective epitope thereof).
  • minimum number of antigens considered equals two, a patient is considered as covered if at least two epitopes each from two different smORFs are likely to bind a patients HLA-1, and so forth. A coverage of 80% can be achieved in both LUSC and (HPV-negative) hlNSCC, if minimum 1 of the smORFs is considered. A coverage of 40-45% can be achieved, if minimum 2 of the smORFs are considered. In summary, the analyses highlighted the promise of the combination of the 4 preferred smORFs.
  • Example SLldentification, irLvrtro testina and selection of non-cognate T helper epitope sequences The goal of the expenment was to identify, test in vitro and select non-cognate T helper epitopes being suitable for vaccines.
  • non-cognate T helper epitopes were selected in a two-step process by first deciding on the candidate epitopes in an in silica search and later - using immunogenicity assays based on the STAR protocol (Bozkus 2021; PMID: PMID: 34458873) - by demonstrating the ability of the selected epitopes to stimulate and activate the TT- and DT-specific CD4+ T cells in healthy blood donors.
  • the STAR protocol was performed as follows. On day 0, cryopreserved human PBMCs isolated from healthy blood donors were seeded and stimulated with GM-CSF, IL ⁇ , and FLt3-L for APC differentiation. On day 1, LPS, R848 and IL- 1 p were added to the wells to further support APC activation and enhance their capacity to stimulate T-cells.
  • test peptide comprised the helper epitope flanked N- and C-terminally by GGGGS-sequences to mimic the linker context in a fusion protein
  • the negative conb-ols MOG myelin- oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
  • DMSO at a concentration of 1
  • T cells were expanded with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 every 2-3 days.
  • T-cells were restimulated once again with the same peptides as on day 1 at 1
  • Monensin/Brefeldin A were added 1h after the peptide stimulation.
  • intracellular flow cytometry staining was performed using antibodies against CDS, CD4, CDS, TNF and IFN-y.
  • the magnitude of T cell activation was defined as percentage ofTNF+ IFN y+ cells within CD3+/ CD8-/CD4+ T cells, and later, normalized against the DMSO values of each sample. Data are combined from four independent experiments with three donors per experiment.
  • Table E12 shows the most promising non-cognate T helper epitope sequences: one sequence derived from tetanus toxoid (TT) and one from diphtheria toxoid (DT). Importantly, these two non-toxic epitopes of TT and DT are also part of the diphtheria/tetanus vaccines, a routine vaccination in humans. Hence, most patients have a pre-existing CD4+ T-ce ⁇ memory specific for these epitopes, which are expected to be reactivated after vaccination.
  • Table E12 Non-cognate T helper epitope sequences H elper epitope
  • Figure 6 shows that TT P32XL and DT P1XL induced a strong T cell activation. These results were comparable to the positive control, epitope pool CEFT (comprising peptides from Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Influenza vims and Clostridium tetani), and statistically significantly higher compared to the negative control myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG).
  • MOG myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
  • mRNA R12711 (see Figure 1C and Example 1.2) encoding for the smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 was generated, formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.1 and tested in an immunogenicity mouse model.
  • Spg LNP-formulated mRNA R12711 was applied to female CB6F1 hybrid mice on days 0, 7 and day 14 intramusculariy (i.m.; musculus tibialis). 21 days after the first mRNA administration, mice were sacrificed and spleens were collected for further analysis.
  • Cancer antigen-specific cellular responses in splenocyte samples obtained in this step were measured as antigen-specific T cell activation. This was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining and subsequent analysis by flow cytometry according to standard protocols as follows: isolated splenocytes were individually restimulated with peptide libraries for each encoded smORF (15-mer libraries covering the complete antigens) at 1
  • PMA/ionomycin no anti-CD28; PMA and ionomycin from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
  • splenocytes which were left unstained by fluorophore-conjugated antibodies negative control.
  • CDS and CD4 responses are shown as % IFN-gamma/TNF- alpha double-positive cells of CDS and CD4 T cells, respectively.
  • Figure 7 shows the CDS (top) and CD4 (bottom) T-cell responses against the 4 encoded smORF peptides induced by the vaccine in vivo. Strong CDS responses as well as CD4 responses were observed. Notably, R12711 formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.2 also showed potent CDS and CD4 responses in a similar mouse model (data not shown). Taken together, these in vivo data in mice demonstrate that mRNAs encoding smORFs are translated in vivo into fusion proteins which are properly processed, and that subsequently fusion protein-derived peptides can be presented on mouse MHC class I and class II molecules eliciting an immune response.
  • Example 7 Identification and selection ofTAAs suitable for a LUSC/HNSCC vaccine The goal of the experiment was to identify MAGE antigens which could be used for a vaccine against LUSC as well as (hlPV-negative) HNSCC. A particular focus of this experiment was further to identify those MAGE antigens that would lead to high cumulative patient coverages in combinations with the 4 preferred smORFs (see also Example 8). To this end, an elaborated in silica screening was carried out, e.g. integrating the strength and frequency of expression in the tumour, patient cohort coverage, expression in healthy tissue and experimental evidence of immunogenicity.
  • MAGE-A3/A6, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A9/9B and MAGE-A11 as particular promising antigen candidates.
  • MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 encode proteins with 96% identity (Pineda et al.2015; PMID: 25679763);
  • MAGE- A9 and MAGE-A9B encode for an identical protein product (https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P43362/entry), resulting in a high major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I epitope level overlap.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • Figure 9 furthermore demonstrates that the expression of the preferred MAGEs is very low or absent in a van'ety of healthy tissues except the testis. Since healthy testicular cells can be considered as isolated immune environment without MhlC class I molecules, this overall suggests a favorable safety profile.
  • Figure 10 shows the estimated patient cohort coverages for the preferred MAGE combination in LUSC and (HPV-negative) hlNSCC. A coverage of 80% and 65% can be achieved in both LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC, respectively, if at minimum 1 of the MAGEs is considered. A coverage of 60% and 40% can be achieved, respectively, if at minimum 2 of the MAGEs are considered. In summary, the analyses highlighted the promise of the combination of the 4 preferred MAGEs in a vaccine.
  • Example 8 Patient cohort coverages of antigen combLnationsusmg the preferred smORF and MAGE antigens among LUSCAnd HNSCC patients The goal of the experiment was to estimate patient cohort coverages of antigen combinations using the preferred smORF and MAGE antigens among LUSC and (HPC-negative) HNSCC patients. To this end, estimations similar as described in Examples 4 and 7 were carried out.
  • R12699 and R12702 each encoding for two MAGEs and two smORFs each - thus collectively encoding for the preferred smORF/MAGE combination -were designed (see also Figure 1 and Example 1.1). Subsequently, those mRNAs as well as the above-described R12711 were formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.2 and collectively tested in a mouse model as follows.
  • jg LNP-formulated mRNA R12711 was applied to female CB6F1 hybrid mice (m.tibialis, left) on "day -7" as a boost administration, followed, after 7 days, by administration of5pg LNP-formulated mRNAs R12699/R12702 on "day 0" (m.ti'bialis, right), day 7 (m.tibialis, left) and day 14 (m.tibialis, right).
  • mRNA R12699 and R12207 had been formulated separately in LNPs, but were mixed at equal weight (2.5pg mRNA each) before injection. 21 days after the first mRNA administration, mice were sacrificed, and spleens and serum were collected for further analysis.
  • Cancer antigen-specific cellular responses in splenocyte samples obtained in this step were measured as antigen-specific T cell activation. This was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining and subsequent analysis by flow cytomefry according to standard protocols as follows: isolated splenocytes were individually restimulated with peptide libraries for each encoded smORF or MAGE (15-mer libraries covering the complete antigens) at 1
  • PMA/ionomycin no anti-CD28; PMA and ionomycin from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
  • splenocytes which were left unstained by fiuorophore-conjugated antibodies negative control.
  • CDS and CD4 responses are shown as % IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha double-positive cells of CDS.
  • Figure 16 shows the CDS T-cell responses against the 4 encoded smORF peptides (top) and MAGEs (bottom) induced by the vaccines in vivo. Strong CDS responses were observed against both types of antigens.
  • mRNA vaccines encoding for the preferred smORF peptide/MAGE combination elicits potent immune responses in vivo.
  • this data underlines the promise of anti-tumour vaccines encoding for the preferred smORF peptide/TAA combination.
  • Example 10 in vitro testing of the CVHNLC mRNAs HEK293T cells were individually transfected with mRNAs #1 and #2 (see Figure 1).
  • HEK cells expressed the full-length fusion proteins #1 and #2, respectively, which were detected via the presence of MAGE-A4 and MAGE-A11 in the two respective fusion proteins and the presence of CTLA-4 in both fusion proteins.
  • fusion proteins not containing MAGE-A11 (fusion protein #1) or MAGE-A4 (fusion protein #2) were not detected with the antibodies against MAGE-A11 and MAGE-A4 respectively, thereby confirming the specificity of these antibodies and the correct identification of the CVHNLC mRNA-encoded fusion proteins.
  • Concomitant inhibition of the proteasome increased the relative amounts of the fusion proteins by at least 40% compared to the DMSO-treated cells, demonstrating rapid degradation of the fusion protein by the proteasome in absence of the inhibitor.
  • Example 11 in vitro presentation ofCVHNLC-encoded ⁇ ntigenspn human cells
  • two human cell lines were transfected with single CVHNLC mRNAs.
  • Peptides presented on HLA class I and II molecules were analysed by immunopeptidomics.
  • human cell lines THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) and HEK293T were used, which differ in their on'gin and their hlLA allele composition.
  • THP-1 cells express A*02:01, THP-1 or HEK293T cells were transfected with either CVHNLC mRNA #1 or #2 (see Figure 1) in Lipofectamine.
  • CVHNLC mRNA #1 or #2 see Figure 1 in Lipofectamine.
  • immunoaffinity purification with a pan-HLA class 1-specific antibody (for both cell lines) or pan-HLA class 11-specific and HLA-DR-specific antibodies (only for THP-1 cells) was performed to extract HLA ligands.
  • the HLA ligand extracts were analysed in five technical replicates per sample by LC-MS/MS and results were filtered using a 5% false discovery rate.
  • Table El 4 Detected HLA class I peptideswith seguence identity to CVHNLC mRNAs- encoded fusion proteins m RNA Encoded Other encoded Class I peptides Class I peptides Unique antigens elements detectd on THP-1 detected on class I junctions3 cells HEK293T cells peptides CVHNLC MAGE-A4 5 1 5 mRNA#1 MAGE-A9 2 1 3 smORF N 1 0 1 smORF K 0 0 0 0 Diphtheria peptide 0 0 0 Tetanus peptide 0 0 0 CTLA-4 SP, TM/CD 0 0 0 Junctions 1 0 1b CVHNLC MAGE-A3 3 1 4 mRNA#2 MAGE-A11 4 4 6 smORF Z 1 0 1 smORFW 0 0 0 0 Diphthen'a peptide 1 0 1 Tetanus peptide 1 0
  • T-helper epitopes The diphtheria and tetanus epitopes contain strong hlLA class II peptides and have been included to re-activate CD4+ T-memory cells. Nonetheless, one class I peptide each was detected. • Other elements: No peptides were found for the CTLA-4 domains. • Junctions: Only one peptide (shared between the mRNAs) was found that covers the junction between two antigens. This was the junction between G4S-linkerand diphtheria peptide.
  • peptides have been detected on patient-derived cancer cell lines or tumors by immunopeptidomics, which demonstrates that they are also present in the physiological context on tumor cells and are presented to T-cells.
  • a specific example is the MAGE-A4 peptide GWDGREHTV (SEQ ID NO: 675), which is frequently presented on tumors and is the target of the anti-MAGE-A4 T-cell immunotherapy afami-cel (afamifa-esgene autoleucel, TECELRA, Adaptimmune, LLC).
  • Other peptides have induced CTLs in PBMCs of healthy donors, which also demonstrates that the peptides can be presented to T-cells.
  • Example 12 in vivo immunocienicity ofCVHNLC in mice
  • 5pg LNP-formulated mRNA R12699 and R12702 2.5pg each
  • PpLuc irrelevant mRNA
  • T-cell responses against the encoded antigens or T-helper epitopes were analyzed by intracellular flow cytometry staining, and MAGE-A3-, -A4-, -A9- and -A11 -specific antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • the intracellular cytokine staining and subsequent analysis by flow cytometry were done according to standard protocols as follows: Splenocytes were restimulated with the indicated peptides [i) 15mer peptide libraries per antigen covering the complete antigen for MAGE-A3, -A4, -A9 or -A11, or smORF K, N, W or Z, ii) pool of DT and TT peptides (DT/TT; DT P1XL: 31 aa, TT P32XL: 36 aa) or iii) DMSO as control], then int-acellulariy stained with antibodies against Thy-1.2, CD4, CDS and cytokines (IFN-y and TNF) and subsequently analyzed on a flow cytometer.
  • CVHNLC DT and TT epitopes in CVHNLC are intended to exploit the reactivation of diphtheria- and tetanus-specific CD4+ memory T-cells in previously vaccinated humans, which are absent in naive mice.
  • CVHNLC administration induced MAGE-A3-, -A4-, -A9- and -A11-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (data not shown), although only weak CD4+ T-cell responses to MAGE-A3, -A4 and -A9 were detected seven days after the last adminisfration (see Figure 18B).
  • CD4+ T-cell responses might be an underestimation because CD4+ T-cell responses are required for antibody induction.
  • these data demonstrate that the two CVhlNLC mRNAs are translated in vivo into fusion proteins which are property processed, followed by presentation of fusion protein ⁇ lerived peptides on mouse MHC class I and class II molecules. This in turn results in activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells respectively which are specific for the CVHNLC- encoded antigens and in induction of antibody responses against the CVHNLC-encoded MAGE antigens.
  • Example 13 CV-HNLC-001 - A phase 1 Study to investigate CVHNLC in Patients with histolooically confirmed metastatic Stage IV sgNSCLC after at least3months of treatment wrth pembrolizumab 13.1
  • Short summary CV-CVhlNLC-001 is an ongoing, open-label, first-in-human, dose-escalation study of the investigational mRNA vaccine CVHNLC in patients with histologically confirmed metastatic Stage IV sqNSCLC after at least 3 months of treatment with pembrolizumab (at least 3 cycles of pembrolizumab with a total dose of600mg) but no longer than 6 months from start of pembrolizumab treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with at least 2 cycles of carboplatin and (nab- )paclitaxel, with no documented disease progression and who are eligible for maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab.
  • the CVhlNLC mRNA vaccine compnses mRNAs made of chemically unmodified nucleotides that are encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle-based formulation for intramuscular administration.
  • the mRNAs encode a first fusion protein of MAGE- A4 and MAGE-A9 and the two smORFs N and K (lncNTF35511951417 and KCNMB2AS14633753) and a second fusion protein of MAGE-A11 and MAGE-A3 and the two smORF Z and W (lncZC3H86163144 and lncWDR722415641696) (see Figure 1).
  • the mRNA sequences are given in SEQ ID NOs: 632 and 635.
  • CVHNLC is composed of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (mRNA) and 4 lipid components: an ionizable cationic lipid, PEGylated lipid, cholesterol and phospholipid (DSPC: 1,2 ⁇ iistearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) as described in Example 1.3.2
  • Patients receive CVHNLC in combination with Pembrolizumab and optionally with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy ( Carboplatin and Paclitaxel).
  • i Patients receive a total of 7 administrations of CVhlNLC on days 1, 8,15,22,43,64, and 85.
  • Vaccinations may continue beyond day 85 every 3 weeks until one year after the first CVHNLC vaccination or upon disease progression or undue toxicity.
  • CVhlNLC is administered intramusculariy.
  • Pembrolizumab is administered as per standard of care as a 3-weekly dosing regimen on days 1, 22,43,64 and 85.
  • the study consists ofadose-escalation part (Part A) and a dose-expansion part (Part B).
  • the starting dose in the dose- escalation part is 100pg and it may be escalated to 200
  • 13.2 Study objectives andoutcome measures Planned primary and secondary outcome measures are presented in Table E16.
  • Table E16 CV-CVHNLC-001 Primary and sewndarv_Qutcome_measures P rimary
  • Dose Escalation Part • To determine the highest tolerable dose (HTD) and/or RDE of CVHNLC plus pembrolizumab administration in patients with sqNSCLC. • To characterize the safety and tolerability of CVHNLC plus pembrolizumab administration.
  • Dose Expansion Part • To evaluate the safety and tolerability of CVhlNLC at the RDE plus pembrolizumab administration and first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. S econdary • To evaluate the initial anti-tumor activity of CVHNLC plus pembrolizumab.
  • Dose Expansion Part (Metastatic 1 L saNSCLC) • Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic sqNSCLC (AJCC Staging Manual, Eighth Edition) not amenable for surgical or locoregional therapy and being eligible for first-line treatment with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Patients should not have received any prior systemic treatment for metastatic disease. Previous (neo-)adjuvant treatment is allowed if there are at least 12 months between end of this treatment and development of metastatic disease.
  • FFPE formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
  • CV-CVHNLC-001 is a phase I, open-label, first-in-human (FIH), dose-escalation study of CVhlNLC in patients with histologically confirmed metastatic Stage IV sqNSCLC after at least 3 months of treatment with pembrolizumab (at least 3 cycles of pembrolizumab with a total dose of 600mg) but no longer than 6 months from start of pembrolizumab treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with at least 2 cycles of carboplatin and (nab-)paclitaxel, with no documented disease progression and who are eligible for maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab will be enrolled.
  • FISH first-in-human
  • Patients receive CVhlNLC in monotherapy or in combination with at least 2 cycles ofcarboplatin and (nab-) paclitaxel, with no documented disease progression and who are eligible for maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab.
  • the study consists of a dose-escalation part (Part A) and a dose-expansion part (Part B).
  • Part A dose-escalation part
  • Part B dose-expansion part
  • a schematic overview of the trial design is provided in Figure 19.
  • the starting dose (dose level 1) is 100
  • each dose level starts with the staggered enrolment of 3 patients (with an interval of at least 2 weeks between administration of the first dose to each patient) followed by a safety data review after all patients at each dose level have completed their 4 weeks dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation period.
  • DLT dose-limiting toxicity
  • Pembrolizumab is administered as per standard0 of care as a 3-weekly dosing regimen on days 1 , 22,43,64 and 85.
  • TricomponentCVHNLC In preclinical murine experiments, relevant smORF T-cell responses could be increased if the smORF antigens were encoded on a separate mRNA and if this LNP-formulated mRNA was administered into a different limb than CVhlNLC. To evaluate whether the immunodominance observed in mice affects CVHNLC's immunogenicity also in humans and to potentially further improve immune response against the smORF antigens, an additional LNP-formulated mRNA is tested which encodes only the four smORF antigens.
  • CVHNLC and this additional LNP-fonnulated smORF encoding mRNA is administered via separate injections, one in each arm, as a tricomponent CVhlNLC IMP.
  • Testing of the tricomponent CVHNLC follows the same dose escalation rules as testing of CVhlNLC. Dose Escalation of the tricomponent CVHNLC starts one dose level below the dose level which has previously been demonstrated to be safe in at least three patients treated with CVHNLC. Dose escalation of CVHNLC is continued in parallel. Once an HTD is established for CVHNLC, the total mRNA dose of the tricomponent CVHNLC which is tested will not exceed the HTD of CVHNLC.
  • Radiological tumor assessment as per standard of practice, e.g., 6-weekly assessments for 9 months followed by 12-weekly assessments from start of first-line cancer treatment.
  • Radiologic assessment should include CT or MRI of thorax, abdomen and pelvis. The same imaging technique should be used in a patient throughout the tn'al.
  • Radiological tumor assessment at screening to define baseline status is to be performed within 4 weeks before first CVHNLC administration including a brain MRI scan.
  • Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) should be used for radiological tumor assessment. Additional radiological tumor assessments that may be required by clinical symptoms or local standard of care may be conducted at any time.
  • SAEs serious adverse events
  • AESIs adverse events of special interest
  • IrAEs immune- related adverse events
  • ISRs injection- site reactions
  • MAEs medical attended adverse events
  • NCI-CTCAE treatment-emergent adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation and clinically significant laboratory abnormalities per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) v.5.0.
  • Secondary Endpoints Objective response rate based on best overall response assessed by the Investigator using Response Evaluation Critena in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Response is defined as patients achieving either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR).
  • PFS based on RECIST 1.1.
  • PFS is defined as time from first total treatment to time of disease progression or death.
  • Duration of response per RECIST 1.1 measured from the time of first documentation of response until first documentation of disease progression.
  • Disease control rate at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months based on RECIST 1.1.
  • Disease control is defined as stable disease (SD), partial response (PR) or complete response (CR).
  • Exploratory Endpoints Antigen-specific T-cell response in penpheral blood. Humoral immune response against tumor antigens and PEG in the peripheral blood. • Changes in cytokine and chemokine levels in the penpheral blood. Changes in ctDNA levels in the peripheral blood. Determine the expression of CVHNLC-encoded antigens in tumor tissue at baseline and optionally at later time points after treatinent.
  • Example 14 HLA binding smORF derived epitopes The main objective of the experiment was to identify HLA I binding epitopes derived from smORF_3, smORF_4, smORF_5 and smORF_6 (nomenclature see Table E2) and to demonstrate their binding to the predicted HLA molecules.
  • hlLA-bindina assay MHCFIurry 2.0 algorithm9 (O'Donnell, T.J.
  • MHCflurry 2.0 Improved Pan-Allele Prediction of MHC Class I- Presented Peptides by Incorporating Antigen Processing; Cell Systems, vol.11(1), 42 - 48) was used to predict the peptide-HLA-1 binding potential of smORF-sequence derived epitopes for eight common HLA alleles in Caucasian population: A*01:01, A*02:01, A*03:01, A*11:01, A*24:02, B*07:02, B*08:01, B*15:01. Predicted epitopeswere ordered and tested using an HLA binding assay.
  • Flex-T HLA Monomers UVX were diluted in PBS, and 6
  • the binding percentage was normalized to the positive control (set to 100%). A peptide was considered a binder if the binding percentage was two-times higher than the negative control. Results: 63 smORF derived epitopes were identified that were able to bind to HLA allele molecules (see Table E18) and thus represent potential candidates for vaccination approaches.
  • HLA binding smORF derived epitopes s mORF Peptide SEQ ID NO: Protein Positive binding to HLA allele smORF 3 ALCRCDPEL 684 A*02:01 K LTAGSHKA 238 AGSHKAMTRK 230 A*03:01,A*11:01 G SHKAMTRK 235 NSKEWMNAWK 685 A*11:01 T AGSHKAMTR 229 TAGSHKAMTRK
  • smORF-reactive CD8+ T cells in PBMC from healthy individuals were identified and expanded. Additionally, smORF-specific CD8+ T cells were analysed for their capacity to produce type I cytokines, with the aim to obtain functional T cells.
  • HLA-tetramer combinatorial coding (hlTCC) matrices were designed for each patient separately, tailored to their HLA profile and included up to six streptavidin-fluorochromes (resulting in 16 dual-color combinations) simultaneously (PE, APC, BV421, BW11, BV605 and BV785).
  • streptavidin-fluorochromes resulting in 16 dual-color combinations
  • smORF peptide sequence overiap was determined using IEDB Epitope Cluster Resource. Those peptides with >70% sequence overiap were either grouped together and labelled with the same combinatorial coding combination or the highest in vitro binder out of a cluster of overlapping sequences was selected.
  • the HTCC matrices were made using peptides that were confirmed binders to the eight most common HLA-alleles in Caucasian population (A*01:01, A*02:01, A*03:01, A*11:01, A*24:02, B*07:02, B*08:01, B*15:01 ).
  • a healthy donor with CD8+ T cells specific to known antigens e.g. FLU, MART1, CMV, EBV
  • FLU FLU, MART1, CMV, EBV
  • CD8+ T cells for TILS and expanded TILS were acquired on a flow cytometer and analyzed in FlowJo software. Expansion of smORF antigen-specific CD8+ T cells was based on the 'immunogenicity' protocol described by Bozkus et al., 2021.
  • intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) after priming and restimulation with peptide were performed.
  • Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were primed and expanded against smORF or confrol peptides.
  • Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of INF-y and TNF-a was performed after peptide restimulation using standard protocols.
  • Table E19 List ofHLA types of healthy donors P BMC ID HLA-A HLA-B PBMC_1 02:01 03:01 35:01 51:01 PBMC 2 02:01 24:02 08:01 15:01 PBMC 3 11:01 33:03 40:01 58:01 PBMC 4 01:01 08:01 44:03 PBMC_5 01:01 03:01 07:02 35:01 PBMC 6 24:02 11:01 07:02 15:01 PBMC_7 03:01 24:02 18:01 39:01 PBMC_8 01:01 02:01 08:01 40:01 PBMC_9 02:01 11:01 55:01 58:01 PBMC_10 02:01 03:01 07:02 07:02 PBMC_13 01:01 02:01 08:01 35:01 PBMC 17 02:01 51:01 44:02 PBMC_18 02:01 68:01 38:01 44:02 PBMC 20 01:01 02:01 07:02 51:01 PB
  • Example 16 Processing and HLA presentation of RNA encoded smORF derived epitopes
  • the main objective of the experiment was to demonstrate that smORF-derived peptides are successfully processed and presented by antigen presenting cells when expressed from smORF-containing mRNA and that these smORF-derived0 peptides are recognized by CD8+ T cells.
  • a rea3gnition assay was performed using CD8+ T cells specific for a smORF-derived peptide and HLA-matched monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) transfected with an mRNA construct encoding smORFs.
  • Method The smORF epitope encoding RNA construct was prepared as described in Example 1.
  • Table E21 RNA construct encoding smORFs used in Example 16 R NAID Name SEQ ID NO: SEQID SEQID Protein NO: CDS NO: RNA R 12711 HsCTLA4(1 ⁇ 0)_G4S_HssmORF6_G4S_HssmORF4_ 594 623 652 G4S_HssmORF5_G4S_HssmORF3_G4S_CtTETX(117 0-1195)_G4S_HsCTLA4(162-223); SP-Z-N-W-K-TT-IRAP(GI) smORF nomenclature see in Table E2; "G1" see "multi-antigen protein design 2" as defined herein.
  • CD14+ monocytes isolated from an HLA-matched healthy donor from which smORF-specific CD8+ T cells were obtained
  • CD14+ monocytes isolated from an HLA-matched healthy donor from which smORF-specific CD8+ T cells were obtained
  • CD14+ monocytes isolated from an HLA-matched healthy donor from which smORF-specific CD8+ T cells were obtained
  • CD14+ monocytes isolated from an HLA-matched healthy donor from which smORF-specific CD8+ T cells were obtained
  • Example 17 Neoepitope identification in primary tumor cells ofNSCLC and HNSCC patients
  • the goal of the experiment was to demonstrate that smORF-derived peptides from source IncRNAs are extracellularly present on tumor cells by performing immunopeptidomics mass spectrometry for smORF epitopes in lung cancer samples and prove direct evidence for HLA-mediated presentation ofsmORF-derived peptides from source IncRNAs.
  • Method Immunopeptidomics was earned out on 16 lung samples that were pathologically assessed and categorized as lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) or lung squamous cell cancer (LUSC). Tumors were lysed and HLA class I molecules were purified with antibody W6/32 and HLA-DR molecules with antibody L243.
  • LAD lung adenocarcinoma
  • LUSC lung squamous cell cancer
  • Example 18 smQRF denyed epitoee ⁇ presentatjon ontymor cells in NSCLC and HNSCC patients The objective of the experiment was to demonstrate indirectly the HLA presentation ofsmORF ⁇ ferived epitopes on tumor cells in patients.
  • smORF-specific CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and/or expanded TILS was analyzed. Patients were selected based on confirmed smORF expression in primary tumor tissue and on their HLA type (Table E22).
  • Table E22 HLA typification ofNSCLC and HNSCC patient samples used in Example 18 P atient ID Diagnosis HLA-A HLA-B NSCLC-005 Adenocarcinoma A*02:01;A*11:01 B*35:01;B*39:06 NSCLC-006 Adenocarcinoma A*02:01;A*32:01 B*51:01;B*51;01 HNSCC-001 Squamous cell carcinoma A*01:01;A*24:02 B*08:01;B*18:01 (Gingivoalveolar carcinoma) Method: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) were collected from patients with hlNSCC or NSCLC.
  • TILS Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
  • HLA-tetramer combinatorial coding (hlTCC) matrices were designed for each patient separately, tailored to their HLA profile and included up to six streptavidin-fluorochromes (resulting in 16 dual-color combinations) simultaneously (PE, APC, BV421, BW11, BV605 and BW85).
  • streptavidin-fluorochromes resulting in 16 dual-color combinations
  • Those peptides with >70% sequence overlap were either grouped together and labelled with the same combinatonal coding combination or the highest in vitro binder out of a cluster of overiapping sequences was selected.
  • the HTCC matrices were designed using peptides that were confirmed binders to the eight most common HLA-alleles in Caucasian population (A*01:01, A*02:01, A*03:01, A*11:01, A*24:02, B*07:02, B*08:01, B*15:01).
  • a healthy donor with CD8+ T cells specific for known antigens e.g.
  • FLU FLU, MART1, CMV, EBV
  • FLU FLU, MART1, CMV, EBV
  • tetramer generation was always analyzed in parallel as a positive control in order to ensure that UV exchange, tetramer generation, tetramer staining and flow cytometers worked asn-ectly.
  • Generation oftetramers and tetramer staining were conducted using standard protocols.
  • a minimum of 1,000 CD8+ T cells for TILS and expanded TILS were acquired on a flow cytometer and analyzed in FlowJo soflware.
  • CD45RA and CD27 marker were analyzed to distinguish memory and naive cells: naive (CD45RA+CD27+), central memory (CM; CD45RA-CD27+), effector memory (EM; CD45RA-CD27-) and T effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (TRMRA; CD45RA+CD27-).
  • Table E23 indicates whether peptides were screened as a single peptide or as a pool of peptides (based on >70% sequence overlap, see method section). In each case, at least 1,000 CD8+ T cells from TILS and expanded TILS were measured and analyzed, as well as 100,000 CD8+ T cells from the pen'phery.
  • Results were considered as positive if event number was s 8 and if the percentage oftetramer positive CD8+ T cells was & 0.002%.
  • Table E23 smORF derived epitopes screened in TILS and expanded TILS of NSCLC/HNSCC patients P atent ID smORF origin Peptide SEQ ID NO: TILS Expanded TILS Protein N SCLC-005 smORF_3 KLTAGSHKA 238 positive

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Abstract

The present invention is inter alia directed to a combination comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a combination of antigens that comprise an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5. The combination of antigens optionally comprises at least one additional antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9. The invention further relates to a composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule suitably formulated in lipid-based earners. The invention also provides a peptide or protein antigen combination, as well as a kit or kit of parts comprising the combination, the composition, and/or the peptide or protein antigen combination. Also provided herein is the combination, the composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit or kit of parts, for use as a medicament, preferably for use in the treatment or prevention of a tumour or cancer disease, more preferably for use in the treatment or prevention of squamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small-cell lung cancer or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Description

Unser Zeichen/Our Ref. CU01P389W01 May 22,2025 Applicant: CUREVAC SE Immunotherapy ofsquamous cell carcinoma Introduction: The present invention relates to the field of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer is a major global health problem and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have limited effectiveness and can cause significant side effects. Immunotherapy harnesses the power of the immune system to attack cancer cells and has emerged as a promising approach to treating cancer. Cancer immunotherapy takes advantage of the fact that cancer cells often have molecules on their surface (antigens) that can be recognized by the immune system. Recently, nucleic acid such as RNA have emerged as a therapeutic tool to treat various diseases due to their ability to direct the production of therapeutic proteins or antigens in patients. Accordingly, nucleic acid, such as RNA, could represent a promising class of molecules for use in cancer treatment. However, identifying tumour antigens or antigen combinations that are effective in cancer immunotherapy remains an ongoing challenge. The object of the present invention is to provide a combination of tumour antigens for cancer immunotherapy such as for example immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma including squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. The object is solved by the subject-matter of the present invention. The inventors have identified advantageous combinations of antigens including novel tumour antigens encoded by small open reading frames (smORFs) of long non- coding RNA (IncRNA). It has previously been reported that IncRNA genes encode immunogenic peptides that are suitable for use in cancer vaccines (see Barczak et al.: Long non-coding RNA-derived peptides are immunogenic and drive a potent anti-tumour response. Nature Communications. (2023)14:1078). The specific combinations of tumour antigens described herein, which are provided by nucleic acid constructs (e.g. RNA), are particulariy suitable and effective in b-eating or preventing cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma. Short description of the invention The present invention is inter alia directed to a combination comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule, wherein the at least one nucleic acid encodes a combination of antigens that comprise an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8- 6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5. The combination of antigens optionally comprises at least one additional antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9. The invention further relates to a composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule suitably formulated in lipid-based earners. The invention also provides a peptide or protein antigen combination, as well as a kit or kit of parts comprising the combination, the composition, and/or the peptide or protein antigen combination. Also provided herein is the combination, the composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit or kit of parts, for use as a medicament, preferably for use in the treatment or prevention of a tumour or cancer disease, more preferably for use in the treatment or prevention ofsquamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small-cell lung cancer or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. As shown in the example section, the invention is inter alia based on the surprising finding that peptides encoded by small open reading frames (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3- 5:5 can serve as effective tumour antigens. These IncRNA encoded tumour antigens can be provided in combination with additional tumour antigens such as MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9. As shown in the examples, such combinations of tumour antigens can be provided via nucleic acid molecules (e.g. mRNA) to tn'gger antigen-specific immune responses (e.g. T-cell responses). Since these antigens combinations predominantly occur in squamous cell carcinomas, these combinations are particulariy suitably for immunotherapy of squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a first aspect, the present invention provides a combination that comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes the following combination of antigens at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; and • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by RNA NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant0 thereof. This encompasses that the above antigens do not need to be encoded by a single nucleic acid molecule. Hence, at least one nucleic acid molecule may encode only one or two antigen(s) of the above antigens in the combination. In this case, the combination comprises more than one nucleic acid molecules each encoding for one or more antigen(s). The at least one nucleic acid molecule may encode at least one additional antigen that compnses an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant of any of these. The combination may comprise at least fcwo or three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two or three RNA molecules, that collectively encode the combination of antigens as defined herein. In a second aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising the combination of the first aspect. The composition preferably comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA molecule, formulated in a lipid-based earner such as a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). In a third aspect, the present invention provides a peptide or protein antigen combination that comprises antigens encoded by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention. In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a kit or kit of parts comprising the combination of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, and/orthe peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect. t In further aspects, the invention provides methods of b-eating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition, and medical uses of the combination, the composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit. Definitions For the sake of clarity and readability the following definitions are provided. Any technical feature mentioned for these definitions may be read on each embodiment of the invention. Additional definitions and explanations may be specifically provided in the context of these embodiments. About: The term "about" is used when values or determinants do not need to be identical, i.e.100% the same and that the respective values or determinants may diverge, e.g. by 1 % to 10%. Preferably, "about" means that a value or determinant may diverge by +/-1%, +/-2%, +/-3%, +/-4%, +/-5%, +/-€%, +/-7%, +/-8%, +/-9%, +/-10%. Antigenic peptide: The term "antigenic peptide" or "immunogenic peptide" as used herein refers to a peptide that compnses an amino acid sequence from a (antigenic or immunogenic) protein which stimulates the body's adaptive or cellular immune system to provide an adaptive or cellular immune response. Therefore, an antigenic/immunogenic peptide comprises at least one epitope or antigen from a tumour antigen as defined herein. Cationic, cationizable: The term "cationic" means that the respective structure, compound, or group, or atom bears a positive charge, either permanently or not permanently, e.g. in response to certain conditions such as pH. The terms "cationic", "cationisable", and "permanently cationic" as used herein must be understood as defined in W02023031394 [p.12, line 32 to p.13, line 16]. Cationic compound, polycationic compound: Where a respective structure, compound, or group, or atom carries a plurality of positive charges, it may be referred to as polycationic. The terms as used herein must be understood as defined in W02021156267 [p.88, line 12 to p.89, line 22]. Coding sequence, coding region, cds: The terms "coding sequence" and the corresponding abbreviation "cds" as used herein refers to a sequence of several nucleotide triplets that can be translated into a peptide or protein. A cds in the context of the present invention may be a DNA or RNA sequence consisting of several nucleotides that may be divided by three, which typically starts with a start codon and preferably terminates with a stop codon. In the context of the invention, the cds encodes, for example, at least one tumour antigen or a fragment or variant thereof as defined herein. Derived from: The term "derived from" as used herein in the context of a nucleic acid, i.e. for a nucleic acid "derived from" (another) nucleic acid, means that the nucleic acid, which is derived from (another) nucleic acid, shares at least 70%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity or are identical with the nucleic acid from which it is derived. In the context of amino acid sequences the I term "derived from" means that the amino acid sequence, which is derived from (another) amino acid sequence, shares at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity or are identical with the amino acid sequence from which it is derived. Epitope: The term "epitope" as used herein refers to a segment of a macromolecule (e.g. an antigenic peptides or proteins) that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies or TCRs, (e.g. by B cells, or T cells). The term encompasses T cell epitopes and B cell epitopes. T cell epitopes may comprise fragments typically having a length of about 6 to about 20 amino acids, e.g. fragments as processed and presented by MHC class I molecules, typically having a length of about 8 to about 12 amino acids, or fragments as processed and presented by MHC class II molecules, typically having a length of about 13 to about 20 amino acids. In case of T<»ll epitopes, these fragments are recognized by T cells (TCRs on T<»lls) in form of a complex consisting of the peptide fragment and an MHC molecule. B cell epitopes are typically fragments located on the outer surface of (native) protein or peptide antigens, typically having 5 to 15 amino acids, 5 to12 amino acids, 6 to 9 amino acids. Fragment: The term "fragment" as used herein in the context of a nucleic acid sequence (e.g. RNA or DNA) or an amino acid sequence may typically be a shorter portion of a reference sequence of e.g. a nucleic acid sequence or an amino acid sequence. Accordingly, a fragment typically consists of a sequence that is identical to the corresponding stretch within the reference sequence. A preferred fragment of a sequence in the context of the present invention, consists of a continuous stretch of entities, such as nucleotides or amino acids corresponding to a continuous stretch of entities in the molecule the fragment is derived from, which represents at least 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the total reference molecule from which the fragment is derived. In the context of the invention, a "fragment" of an antigen as defined herein has to be understood as an immunogenic fragment, said immunogenic fragment being capable of raising an immune response in a subject. Identity (of a sequence): The term "identity" as used herein in the context of a nucleic acid sequence, or an amino acid sequence, refers to the percentage to which two sequences are identical. To determine the percentage to which two sequences are identical, the sequences can be aligned (by also introducing gaps, if necessary) to be subsequently compared to one another. In the context of the invention, the substitution of a nucleotide by a modified nucleotide (e.g. U substituted by with Nl-methylpseudouridine (m1i|J)) shall not be considered for calculating percent identity. The percentage to which two sequences are identical can e.g. be determined using an algorithm, e.g. an algorithm integrated in the BLAST program. Immunogen, immunogenic: The terms "immunogen" or "immunogenic" refer to a compound that can stimulate/induce an immune response. Preferably, an immunogen is a peptide, polypeptide, or protein. Tumour antigen: The term "tumour antigen" as used herein encompasses tumour-associated antigens (TMs), expressed by both normal and neoplastic tissue, and tumour-specific antigens (TSAs) including shared antigens, neoantigens, and i unique antigens. Further, tumour antigens can be loosely categorized as oncofetal (typically only expressed in fetal tissues and in cancerous somatic cells), oncoviral (encoded by tumorigenic transforming viruses), overexpressed/ accumulated (expressed by both normal and neoplastic tissue, with the level of expression highly elevated in neoplasia), cancer-testis (expressed only by cancer cells and adult reproductive tissues such as testis and placenta), lineage-restricted (expressed largely by a single cancer histotype), mutated (only expressed by cancer as a result of genetic mutation or alteration in transcription), post b-anslationally altered (tumour-associated alterations in glycosylation, etc.), or idiotypic (highly polymorphic genes where a tumour cell expresses a specific "clonotype", i.e., as in B cell, T cell lymphoma/leukaemia resulting from clonal aberrancies). These categories are not mutually exclusive and tumour antigens may fall into more than one category. Vanant (of a sequence): The term "variant as used herein in the context of a nucleic acid sequence refers to a nucleic acid sequence derived from a reference nucleic acid sequence. A variant of a nucleic acid sequence may exhibit one or more nucleotide deletions, insertions, additions and/or substitutions compared to the reference nucleic acid from which the variant is derived from. A variant may be a functional van'ant in the sense that the variant has retained at least 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% or more of the function of the sequence where it is derived from. A "van'ant" of a nucleic acid sequence may have at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% identity over a stretch of at least 30,50, 75 or 100 nucleotides. 5 The term "variant as used herein in the context of proteins or peptides refers to a proteins or peptide having an amino acid sequence which differs from the reference sequence in one or more mutation(s) substitution(s), such as one or more substituted, inserted and/or deleted amino acid(s). Insertions and substitutions are possible at those sequence positions which cause no modification to the three<limensional structure or do not affect the binding region. A van'ant of a peptide or protein may be a functional variant, which means that the vanant exerts essentially the same, or at least 70%, 80%, 1090% of the function of the peptide or protein it is derived from (e.g. antigenic property). A "variant" of a peptide or protein may have at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% identity over a stretch of at least 30, 50, 75 or 100 amino acids. Detailed Description of the invention The present application is filed together with a sequence listing in electronic format, which is part of the description (WIPO standard ST.26; comprising SEQ ID NOs: 1-728). The information contained in the sequence listing is incorporated herein 5 by reference in its entirety, including additional detailed information, e.g. regarding certain stmctural features, sequence optimizations, GenBank (NCBI) or GISAID (epi) identifiers, or additional detailed information regarding its coding capacity. Where reference is made to "SEQ ID NOs" of other published patent applications or patents, said sequences, e.g. amino acid sequences or nucleic acid sequences, are explicitly incorporated herein by reference. 1: Combination: In a first aspect, the invention provides a combination comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule, wherein the at least0 one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens such as a combination of tumour antigens. In particular, the invention provides a combination that compn'ses at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes the following combination of antigens at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; and 5 at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2.-4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; and at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by RNA NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant 0 thereof. The term "combination" as used herein typically refers to a combined occurrence of antigens that may be provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention or that may be provided by at least one peptide or protein (see third aspect). The combination of antigens may be provided by only one nucleic acid molecule, or more than one nucleic acid molecules (e.g.2, 3,4, 5), each of which comprising at least one cds (e.g. monocistronic) and/or more than one cds (e.g. 5 multicistronic). The combination may be provided by one composition, containing all components as defined herein (e.g. one or more nucleic acid molecules). Alternatively, the combination may be provided as separate compositions, containing all components (e.g. one or more nucleic acid molecules) in more than one physically separate composition. The administration of the combination of antigens of the invention may occur either simultaneously or timely staggered, either at the same site of administration or at different sites of administration. The components of the combination may be formulated together as a co-fonnulation to obtain all components of the combination in one and the same composition. Alternatively, the components of the combination may be formulated as different, physically separate formulations to obtain the components of the combination in more than one physically separate composition. Alternatively, the components of the combination may be formulated as different, physically separate formulations and subsequently be asmbined to obtain all components of the combination in one and the same composition. Accordingly, any of the (pharmaceutical) compositions according to the invention as described herein may represent a combination according to the invention as described herein or a component thereof. In the context of the invention the term "combination" also relates to a combination of antigens (or one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding these antigens), preferably at least one antigen or epitope derived from ZC3hl8-6: 1, or a fragment or variant thereof, at least one antigen or epitope derived from WDR72- 2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen or epitope derived from KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or vahant thereof; at least one antigen or epitope derived from NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof. A "combination" as referred to herein may further include one or more additional antigens or epitopes, preferably at least one additional antigen selected from the group consisting of MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9 and MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these, or at least one epitope from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these. As defined herein, the combination comprises "at least one nucleic acid molecule", which means that the combination may comprise one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, nucleic acid molecules, each of which comprising at least one cds, wherein the one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. In other words, each of the nucleic acid sequences encoding the at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; the at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof, may be present on the same or on a different nucleic acid molecule as described herein. For example, the combination may comprise a nucleic acid molecule encoding all four of these antigens (or a fragment or variant thereof), and optionally at least one further antigen, preferably as described herein. Alternatively, the combination may comprise a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, each of which may encode one, two, three or four of these antigens (or a fragment or variant thereof), and optionally, at least one further antigen, preferably as described herein. For example, the combination may comprise a first and a second nucleic acid molecule, each of which encodes two different antigens from the four antigens described herein (or a fragment or variant thereof), and, optionally, a third nucleic acid molecule encoding all four of these antigens (or a fragment or variant thereof), wherein the third nucleic acid molecule may be administered together with the first and second nucleic acid molecules or separately from the first and second nucleic acid molecules. It must be noted that specific features and embodiments that are described in the context of the first aspect, that is the combination of the invention, are likewise applicable to any other aspect of the invention, in particular to the (pharmaceutical) composition as described herein and to the kit as described herein. In preferred embodiments, the invention provides a combination compnsing at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence (cds), wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following combination of (tumour) antigens • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof. ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 are long non-coding RNAs (IncRNA) that surprisingly encode amino acid sequences that have been identified as unexpected source of antigens. The term "long non-coding RNA" and its abbreviation "IncRNA" relates to a naturally occurring RNA species that has a length of typically greater than 200 bases (up to e.g.10.0000 bases). In the past, IncRNAs have been considered to have no protein encoding function. In recent years it has been revealed that these IncRNA molecules participate in various regulatory aspects of cells. Compared with mRNA, IncRNA typically has the characteristics of low expression abundance but stronger tissue and cell expression specificity. Recently, some IncRNAs were identified that may encode for peptides, e.g. micro peptides of putative small open reading frames (also herein referred to as "small ORF" (smORF)). Accordingly, the term "long non-coding RNA" or its abbreviation "IncRNA" is used throughout the specification due to the nomenclature that is common in the art. Notably, IncRNA species in the context of the invention comprise smORFs that encode amino acid sequences such as peptides or proteins that can serve as suitable antigen as further outlined and defined herein. The terms "amino acid sequence encoded by" or "peptide or protein encoded by" or "antigen encoded by" in the context of a certain IncRNA species (e.g. encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5) defines that the origin or source of the respective amino acid sequence, peptide, protein, or antigen is a long non-coding RNA. Accordingly, in other words, the respective amino acid sequence, peptide, protein, or antigen originates from the respective IncRNA species. In the context of the invention, the respective amino acid sequence, peptide, protein, or antigen that is encoded by a certain IncRNA species (e.g. ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5), or, in other words, that originates from a certain IncRNA species (e.g. ZC3H8-€:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5) is provided nucleic acid molecule of the invention (e.g. an mRNA). Accordingly, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes the following combination of tumour antigens • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g. a peptide or protein, that is encoded by or originates from a small open reading frame (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g. a peptide or protein, that is encoded by or originates from a small open reading frame (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g. a peptide or protein, that is encoded by oronginates from a small open reading frame (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence, e.g. a peptide or protein, that is encoded by or originates from a small open reading frame (smORF) of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one additional (tumour) antigen that compnses an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes one additional (tumour) antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or variant thereof. In more preferred embcxjiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes two additional (tumour) antigens that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3 and MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In even more preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes three additional (tumour) antigens that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3 and MAGEA4 and MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In even more preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes four additional (tumour) antigens that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3 and MAGEA4 and MAGEA11 and MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the antigens of the combination are selected to obtain an increased coverage in a certain cancer disease, e.g. squamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Suitably, the coverage of the antigen combination is at a value of above 0.5, preferably above 0.6, more preferably above 0.7. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one cds, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following combination of (tumour) antigens: • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or vanant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant thereof. As defined herein, the combination comprises "at least one nucleic acid molecule", which means that the combination may compnse one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, nucleic acid molecules, each of which compnsing at least one cds, wherein the one, or more than one, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. For example, the combination may comprise two different nucleic acid molecules that each encode different antigens as defined herein, but wherein the two different nucleic acid constructs collectively encode the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. A "different tumour antigen" or "different antigen" in the context of the invention relates to a difference on amino acid sequence level and must be understood as a difference in at least one amino acid position or having a different amino acid sequence length. Accordingly, a "different antigen" may be derived from the same antigen, but the "different antigen" should differ in at least one amino acid position or the length. Accordingly, the combination may comprise at least one, or more than one (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5) nucleic acid molecules that collectively encode the following combination of tumour antigens: at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant thereof. In preferred embodiments, the combination compnses two nucleic acid molecules, preferably two mRNA molecules, that collectively encode the following combination of tumour antigens: • at least one antigen compn'sing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; • at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant thereof. In preferred embodiments, each antigen of the combination comprises at least one T<^11 epitope, preferably at least one CD8+ T cells epitope. In preferred embodiments, each antigen of the combination is a tumour antigen. Upon administration of the combination to a cell, tissue, or subject, the combination of antigens (that are provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule) is produced in the cytosol. The produced (tumour) antigens may be secreted or further processed. Accordingly, the administration of the combination comprising at least one (or more) nucleic acid molecule (e.g. at least one RNA) to a cell, tissue, or subject leads to a translation of the at least one cds into the combination of (tumour) antigens as defined herein. Antigens encoded bvZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4. KCNMB2-AS1:4. and NTF3-5:5 In the following, features and embodiments referring to individual components of the combination of antigens, namely amino acid sequences (e.g. peptide or proteins) encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, 5 and suitable nucleic acid sequences, are defined in more detail. The inventors identified amino acid sequences such as peptides or proteins encoded by certain types of IncRNA. Accordingly, the IncRNAs of the invention comprise at least one small open reading frame (smORF). Even more surprising is that these IncRNA encoded peptides show specificity for certain tumours (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma) and trigger an antigen-specific immune response upon administration. These peptides are recognized by the immune cells as being 10 foreign, are presented, and trigger an antigen specific immune response (e.g. T-cell response). Accordingly, amino acid sequences as defined herein encoded by a smORF of an IncRNA as defined herein may serve as suitable antigens for cancer immunotherapy. Suitably, the amino acid sequences as defined herein encoded by a smORF of an IncRNA as defined herein are charactenzed by an increased expression in cancer cells (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma cells) compared to non-cancer cells. 15 In preferred embodiments, the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-327, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Alternatively, the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6.-1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which 20 comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 684-699, or a fragment or vanant of any of these. In further preferred embodiments, the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comphsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, comprises or consists of at least one 25 of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 684-699, or a fragment or variant of any of these In that context, a fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 684-699 has a shorter amino acid sequence as the respective reference amino acid sequence. Accordingly, a fragment such as an immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 30684-699 is N-terminallyfauncated by e.g.1,5,10, or more amino acids and/orC-terminally truncated e.g.1,5, 10, or more amino acids. Suitably, a fragment in that context is an immunogenic fragment that is capable of raising an immune response in a cell or subject upon administration. Suitably, an immunogenic fragment comprises at least one epitope, preferably at least one T-cell epitope, capable of raising a cellular immune response. In embodiments, the at least one epitope has the length of an MhlC class I or class II epitope. In preferred embodiments, the at least one epitope has the 35 length of an MHC class I epitope. In some embodiments, the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class II epitope but comprises at least one MHC class I epitope and could be processed during antigen processing during MHC:peptide complex loading. A typical immunogenic fragment in the context of the present invention has the length of 5 to 20 amino acids, 5 to 15 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids. A variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 136-327 or 684-699. 5 Suitably, a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administi'ation. ZC3H8-6:1 ZC3H8-6:1 is a long non-coding RNA that is transcribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr2,111769354,111776910,-. The naturally occurring (human) IncRNA sequence ofZC3H8-6:1 (SEQ ID NO: 520) compnses at least one small open reading frame (smORF lncZC3H86163144) that encodes at least one amino acid sequence that can serve as tumour antigen (herein also abbreviated as "Z" or "smORF_6"). Any peptide or protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. The polypeptide that is encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 136 and compnses several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 138-157. Any fragment or variant of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157 may be compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. A fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation of an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO:136- 157, or a C-terminal truncation of an amino acid sequence according SEQ ID NO: 136-157. In embodiments, a fragment is N-terminally truncated by 1,2, 3, or 4 amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated by 1,2,3, or 4 amino acids. Suitably, a fragment is an immunogenic fragment capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration, e.g. a human subject. An immunogenic fragment of an amino acid sequence according SEQ ID NO: 136-157 still comprises at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response. A typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the length of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids. A preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 137. A variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 136-157. Suitably, a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)". WDR72-2-.4 WDR72-2:4 is a long non-coding RNA that is transcribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr15,53513740,53540852,-. The naturally occumng (human) IncRNA sequence ofWDR72-2:4 (SEQ ID NO: 521) comprises at least two small open reading frames (smORFs lncWDR722416421696 and lncWDR722415641696) that encode amino acid sequences that can serve as tumour antigens (herein also abbreviated as 'W or smORF_5). Any peptide or protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by WDR72-2:4 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. The polypeptides that is encoded by WDR72-2:4 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 158 and comprises several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 160-208. Further predicted epitopes comprise the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 698 or 699. Any fragment or variant of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699 may be compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. A suitable fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation ofSEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699, or a C-terminal truncation ofSEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699. In embodiments, the fragment ofSEQ ID NOs: 158-208,698 or 699 is 5 N-terminally truncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids. Suitably, a fragment is an immunogenic fragment capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration, e.g. a human subject. An immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699 still comprises at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response. A typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the size of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids. A preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a 10 fragment lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 159. A suitable variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698 or 699. Suitably, a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by 15 IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)". KCNMB2-AS1:4 KCNMB2-AS1.-4 is a long non-coding RNA that is franscribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr3,178525486,178860397,-. The naturally occumng (human) IncRNA sequence of KCNMB2-AS1:4 (SEQ ID NO: 522) 03mpnses at least one small open reading frame (smORF KCNMB2AS14633753) that encodes at least one amino acid sequence that can serve as a suitable tumour antigen (herein also abbreviated as "K' or "smORF_3"). Any peptide or 20 protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. The polypeptide that is encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 209 and comprises several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 211-242. Further predicted epitopes comprise the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 684 or 685. Any fragment or variant of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685 may be compnsed in the combination 25 of tumour antigens of the invention. A suitable fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685, or a C-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685. In embodiments, the fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685 is N-terminally tmncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated by 1, 2, 3, or 4 amino acids. Suitably, a fragment is an immunogenic fragment capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration, e.g. a 30 human subject. An immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242, 684 or 685 still comprises at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response. A typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the size of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids. A preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NOs: 210. A suitable vanant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 3595%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to SEQ ID NOs: 209-242, 684 or 685. Suitably, a vanant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)". NTF3-&5 NTF3-5:5 is a long non-coding RNA that is transcribed from the following genomic location in humans: chr12,5367810,5379568,+. The naturally occurring (human) IncRNA sequence of NTF3-5:5 (SEQ ID NO: 523) comprises at least one small open reading frame (smORF lncNTF35511951417) that encodes at least one amino acid sequence that can serve as tumour antigen (herein also abbreviated as "N" or "smORF_4"). Any peptide or protein, or fragment or variant thereof, encoded by NTF3-5:5 can serve as a suitable tumour antigen and may therefore be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. The polypeptide that is encoded by the NTF3-5.-5 has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 243 and compnses several predicted epitopes according to SEQ ID NOs: 245-327. Further predicted epitopes comprise any one of the amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 686-697. Any fragment or vanant of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-C97 may be comprised in the combination of tumour antigens of the invention. A suitable fragment in that context may be an N-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697, or a C-terminal truncation of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697. In embodiments, the immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697 is N-terminally truncated by 1,2,3, or 4amino acids and/orC-terminally truncated by 1,2,3, or 4amino acids. An immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697 still compnses at least one epitope, preferably a T-cell epitope, capable of raising an immune response. A typical immunogenic fragment in that context has the size of 5 to 20 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids. A preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment lacking the N- terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NOs: 244. A suitable variant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to SEQ ID NOs: 243-327 or 686-697. Suitably, a vanant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences)". Antigens encoded by IncRNA (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences) Preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 1A. Therein, each row corresponds to suitable amino acid sequences encoded by a long non-coding RNA (IncRNA). Column A provides a short descnption of the IncRNA that encodes the respective amino acid sequence. Column B provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective full-length amino acid sequence encoded by the IncRNA. Column C provides the SEQ ID NOs of preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes). Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the full-length amino acid sequence of Column B. Column E provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequences (opt1) encoding the preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes) of Column C. Table 1A: Preferred antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and cds sequences) row A B 1 1 136 c D E ZC3H8-6: 137-157 328 329-349 2 WDR72-2:4 158 159-208,698,699 350 351^00, 725, 726 3 KCNMB2-AS1.-4 209 210-242,684,685 401 402-434,711,712 4 NTF3-5:5 243 244-327, 686-697 | 435 436-519,713-724 Particularly preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 1 B. Therein, each row corresponds to suitable amino acid sequences encoded by a long non-coding RNA (IncRNA). Column A provides a short description of the IncRNA that encodes the respective amino acid sequence. Column B provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective full-length amino acid sequence encoded by the IncRNA. Column C provides the SEQ ID NOs of particulariy preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes). Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the full-length amino acid sequence of Column B. Column E provides SEQ ID NO of G/C optimized nucleic acid sequences (opt1) encoding the particularly preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. antigenic peptides, epitopes) of Column C. Table 1B: Particularly preferred antigens encoded by IncRNAs (amino acid sequences and cds sequences) row A c D E 1 ZC3H8-6:1 136 137 328 329 2 WDR72-2:4 158 159 350 351 3 KCNMB2-AS1.-4 209 210 401 402 4 NTF3-5:5 243 244 435 436 In embodiments, the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 comprise or consists of at least one amino acid sequence selected from Table 1A or 1B, column B or C, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 are provided by nucleic acid sequences as provided in Table 1A or 1 B, column D or E, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Importantly, the long non-coding RNAs ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 are predominantly expressed in cancer cells (e.g. human cancer cells) as shown by RNA sequencing (see Example section) and peptides encoded by these IncRNAs have been identified by mass spectrometry (see Example section). In preferred embodiments, the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, comphse at least one T-cell epitope, preferably at least one CD8+ T cells epitope. In preferred embodiments, the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, induce epitope-specific T cells in a subject, preferably epitope specific CD8+ T cells in a subject (in particular, a human subject). In preferred embodiments, the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2.-4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are antigens or epitopes displaying HLA binding affinity or MHC binding affinity. The term "HLA" or "human leukocyte antigen" as used herein includes variants, isoforms, and species homologs of HLA, and analogues having at least one common epitope with an HLA. "Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)", as used herein, refers to a term known in the art, that should preferably be understood as a gene complex encoding the "major histocompatibility complex (MHC)" proteins in humans. These cell surface proteins are responsible for the regulation of the immune system in humans. HLA genes are highly polymorphic, i.e. having may different alleles, which allows them to fine-tune the adaptive immune system of a subject. Within the context of this description, the term "HLA binding affinity" or "MhlC binding affinity" is to be understood as affinity of binding between a specific antigen and a specific MHC allele. Within the context of this description, the term "HLA type" is to be understood as the complement of hlLA gene alleles. Preferably, the antigens that compn'se amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are capable of binding to an antibody or a T-cell receptor. In preferred embodiments, the amino acid sequences comprise at least one MHCI orMHCII ligand. In embodiments, the antigens that comphse amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6.-1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2- AS1.-4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein, each of which compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are shared tumour associated antigens, in particular, shared tumour associated antigens in squamous cell carcinoma, preferably in squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In embodiments, the combination compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698,699, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1.-4 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684, 685, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327,686-697, or a fragment or vanant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one 5 coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3hl8- 6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 1096%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or • the at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 159, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid 15 sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 210, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 244, or a fragment or vanant thereof. 20 Accordingly, the combination of antigens suitably comprises at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by ZC3H8-6:1) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by WDR72-2:4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 2587%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208,698,699, preferably SEQ ID NO: 159, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684,685, preferably SEQ ID NO: 210, or a fragment or vanant of any of these; and/or 30 • the at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by NTF3-5.-5) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 243-327,686-697, preferably SEQ ID NO: 244, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, 35 WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 591 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 350-400,725,726, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1 :4 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 401-434,711,712, 10 or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 435-519,713-724, or a fragment or a van'ant of any of these. 15 In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one cds, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1 compnses or 20 consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 2591%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 351, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1 :4 compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 402, or a fragment or variant 30 thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 436, or a fragment or variant thereof. Accordingly, the at least one nucleic acid molecule suitably comprises 5 • at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6: 1) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, preferably SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 350-400,725, 726, preferably SEQ ID NO: 351, or a fragment or a vanant ofanyofthese;and/or 5 • at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1 :4) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 401 -434, 711,712, preferably SEQ ID NO: 402, or a fragment or a vanant ofanyofthese;and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5.-5) that is identical or at 10 least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 435-519,713-724, preferably SEQ ID NO: 436, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In an embodiment, the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by 15 ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 (or a fragment or vanant thereof), each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one antigen comprises at least one amino acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 142,144,147,148, 150,153,157,169,173, 176,184,185,199, 201-203, 225, 229, 230, 235, 238, 251, 260-265, 270-272, 276, 283, 287, 289-291, 293, 294, 298, 304,307, 314, 319- 20322 or 684-699, or a fragment or vanant of any of these. Preferably, the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 144,334,339,340,342, 345,349, 361, 365, 368,376,377, 391, 393-395, 417,421,422,427,430, 443, 452^57, 462^64, 468, 475, 479, 481^83, 485, 486, 490, 496,499, 506, 511-514 or 711 -726, or a fragment or a vanant of any of these. 25 In preferred embodiments, the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 (or a fragment or variant thereof), each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one antigen comprises at least one amino acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 3097%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 173,185,199, 202,225,229,230,235, 238,263,271,276,287, 289,290,293,294,304, 307,319,322,684 or 686-688, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Preferably, the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 365, 377, 391,394,417,421,422, 427,430,455,463,468, 479,481,482,485,486,496, 499, 511, 514, 711 or 713-715, ora 35 fragment or a vanant of any of these. In further preferred embodiments, the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by ZC3H8-6:1) is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 142,144,147,148,150, 153,157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 153, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by WDR72-2:4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 5 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQID NOs: 169,173,176,184, 185,199,201-203,698,699, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 225,229,230, 235,238,684,685, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or 10 • at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by NTF3-5:5) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 251,260-265,270-272,276, 283,287,289-291,293, 294,298,304,307,314, 319-322,686-697, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these. It is further preferred that the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at 15 least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 2091 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 144,334,339,340, 342,345,349,or a fragment or a van'ant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 361, 365,368,376, 25377,391,393-395, 725,726, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1 :4 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identi'cal to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 417, 421,422,427, 430,711,712, or a fragment or a van'ant of any of these; and/or 30 • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5.-5 compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 443,452^57,462-464,468, 475,479,481-483,485,486, 490,496,499,506,511-514, 713-724, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. 5 In particulariy preferred embodiments, the combination disclosed herein compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-€:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by WDR72-2.-4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs:173,185, 199,202,or a fragment or van'ant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by KCNMB2-AS1.-4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 586%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 225, 229, 230, 235, 238,684, preferably SEQ ID NO: 238, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (encoded by NTF3-5.-5) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 10263,271, 276,287,289,290,293, 294,304,307,319, 322,686-688, or a fragment or variant of any of these. It is further particulariy preferred that the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein 15 • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 365,377, 391,394, or a fragment or a van'ant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 comprises or 20 consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 417, 421,422,427, 430,711, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 2593%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 455,463,468, 479,481,482, 485,486,496,499,511, 514,713-715, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an antigen encoded by long non<xxling IncRNA TRPC5-3.-1, preferably wherein the at least one nucleic acid 30 molecule does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence encoding the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 667 or 668, and/or wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not compnse a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 669 or 670. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not compnse a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a HA tag (in particular, a 3xHA tag), preferably wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule does not comprise 5 a nucleic acid sequence encoding the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 671 , and/or wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID:672. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention does not comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID: 665 or 666. Antigens from MAGEA3. MAGEA4. MAGEA9. MAGEA11 In embodiments, the combination of antigens that is provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one additional antigen. Thus, besides the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2.-4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 that are comprised in the combination of the invention, the combination may additionally comprise at least one further (tumour) antigen. The inventors found that suitable additional antigens may be selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 to obtain an increased coverage in a certain cancer disease, e.g. squamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Accordingly, in embodiments, by including antigens selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/orMAGEA11, the coverage in a certain cancer disease, e.g. squamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is at a value of above 0.5, preferably above 0.6, more preferably above 0.7. In the context of the invention, to increase the coverage in a certain cancer disease, e.g. squamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non-small<^ll lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hlNSCC), the additional antigens are selected from MAGEA3, preferably MAGEA3 and MAGEA4, more preferably MAGEA3 and MAGEA4 and MAGEA9, even more preferably MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9 and MAGEA11. MAGEA3 (UniProt: P43357), MAGEA4 (UniProt: P43358), MAGEA11 (UniProt: P43364), and MAGEA9 (UniProt: P43362) are members of the melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGE-A). Notably, MAGEA3 and MAGEA6 encode proteins with 96% identity (Pineda et al.2015; PMID: 25679763), however, in the context of the invention, MAGEA3 is preferred. Alternatively or in addition to MAGEA3, an antigen from MAGEA6 may be used in the context of the invention. In the context of the invention, it is preferred to use human MAGEA3 (or, alternatively, MAGEA6), human MAGEA4, human MAGEA9, and human MAGEA11. MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and MAGEA11 are tumour-associated antigens that are particularly suitable in the context of treating or preventing cancer, in particular squamous cell carcinoma, preferably squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The term "tumour-associated antigen" ("TAA") as used herein refer to tumour antigens that are expressed by both normal and neoplastic tissue. Alternatively, TMs can be defined as self-proteins that are abnormally expressed by cancer cells. TAAs can be loosely categorized as oncofoetal (typically only expressed in foetal tissues and in cancerous somatic cells), overexpressed/accumulated (typically highly overexpressed in neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue), cancer- testis/cancer-germline antigens (expressed only by cancer cells and adult reproductive tissues such as testis and placenta), differentiation antigens/lineage-restricted (typically derived from proteins that are expressed in a given type of tumour and the corresponding healthy tissue and expressed largely by a single cancer histotype), post translationally altered (tumour-associated alterations in glycosylation, etc.), or idiotypic (highly polymorphic genes where a tumour cell expresses a specific "clonotype", i.e., as in B cell, T cell lymphoma/leukaemia resulting from clonal aberrancies). By some authors also oncoviral antigens (encoded by tumorigenic transforming viruses) are considered TAAs. It should be stressed that these categories are not mutually exclusive and TAAs may fall into more than one category. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9 and/or MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9 and MAGEA11, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the antigens selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 556-563, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In that context, a fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 556-563 has a shorter amino acid sequence as the respective reference amino acid sequence. Accordingly, a fragment such as an immunogenic fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 556-563 is N- terminally tmncated by e.g.1, 5,10, or more amino acids and/or C-terminally truncated e.g.1, 5,10, or more amino acids. A preferred fragment in the context of the invention may be a fragment from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 lacking the N-terminal Methionine according to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NOs: 557, 559, 561, or 563. Suitably, a fragment in that context is an immunogenic fragment that is capable of raising an immune response in a cell or subject upon administration. Suitably, an immunogenic fragment compn'ses at least one epitope, preferably at least one T-cell epitope, capable of raising a cellular immune response. In embodiments, the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class I or class II epitope. In preferred embodiments, the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class I epitope. In some embodiments, the at least one epitope has the length of an MHC class II epitope but comprises at least one MHC class I epitope and could be processed during antigen processing during MhlC:peptide complex loading. A typical immunogenic fragment in the context of the present invention has the length of 5 to 20 amino acids, 5 to 15 amino acids, or 8 to 15 amino acids. A vanant in that context may have at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence similarity to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 556-563. Suitably, a variant is an immunogenic variant capable of raising an immune response in a subject upon administration. Further details relating to preferred amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are provided in section "Antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences". AntiaensfromMAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences) Preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 2. Therein, each row corresponds to suitable antigens comprising amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11. Column A provides a short descnption of the respective antigen. Column B provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective full- length amino acid sequences. Column C provides the SEQ ID NOs of preferred amino acid sequences (e.g. preferred fragments). Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the amino acid sequences of Column B. Column E provides SEQ ID NO of G/C optimized nucleic acid sequences (opt1) encoding the amino acid sequences of Column C. Table 2: Preferred MAGEA3/A6. MAGEA4. MAGEA9, MAGEA 11 (amino add sequences and cds sequences) row A B 1 56 c D E MAGEA3 5 557 564 565 2 MAGEA4 558 559 566 567 3 MAGEA9 560 561 568 569 4 MAGEA11 | 562 | 563 | 570 571 In embodiments, the antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 comprise or consists of at least one amino acid sequence selected from Table 2, column B or C, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 are provided by nucleic acid sequences as provided in Table 2, column D or E, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 as defined herein, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, compnse at least one T-cell epitope, preferably at least one CD8+ T cells epitope. In preferred embodiments, the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 as defined herein, each of which optionally compn'sed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, induce epitope-specific T cells in a subject, preferably epitope specific CD8+ T cells in a subject (in particular, a human subject). In preferred embodiments, the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11 as defined herein, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, is an antigen or epitope displaying hll-A binding affinity or MHC binding affinity. Preferably, the antigens that comprise amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are capable of binding to an antibody or a T-cell receptor. In preferred embodiments, the antigenic peptides comphse at least one MHCI or MhlCII ligand. In embodiments, the antigens that compnse amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, are shared tumour associated antigens, particulariy shared tumour associated antigen in squamous cell carcinoma, preferably in squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 556 or 557, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 558 or 559, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being 5 identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 560 or 561 , or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 562 or 563, or a fragment or variant thereof. 10 In embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein • the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 15 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 557, ora fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 559, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being 20 identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 561, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 563, or a fragment or variant thereof. i 25 Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the combination of antigens suitably comprises at least one amino acid sequence (from MAGEA3) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 556 or 557, preferably SEQ ID NO: 557, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (from MAGEA4) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 3089%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 558 or 559, preferably SEQ ID NO: 559, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or at least one amino acid sequence (from MAGEA9) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 560 or 561, preferably SEQ ID NO: 561, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these; and/or 35 • the at least one amino acid sequence (from MAGEA11 ) being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 562 or 563, preferably SEQ ID NO: 563, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein 5 • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 564 or 565, or a fragment or a vanant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 1096%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 566 or 567, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 568 or 569, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises a nucleic acid 15 sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 570 or 571, or a fragment or vanant thereof. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination 20 of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 565, or a fragment or vanant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises a nucleic acid 25 sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 567, or a fragment or vanant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 569, or a fragment or vanant thereof; and/or 30 • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA11 compnses a nucleic acid I sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 571, or a fragment or vanant thereof. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA3) that is identical or at least 70%, 3580%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 564 or 565, preferably SEQ ID NO: 565, or a fragment or a variant thereof; and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA4) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 566 or 567, preferably SEQ ID NO: 567, or a fragment or a van'ant thereof; and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA9) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 568 or 569, preferably SEQ ID NO: 569, or a fragment or a variant thereof; and/or at least one nucleic acid sequence (encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA11) that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 570 or 571, preferably SEQ ID NO: 571, or a fragment or a variant thereof. In an embodiment, the combination disclosed herein compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein at least one antigen comprises at least one amino acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 673-682, or a fragment or vahant of any of these. Preferably, the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to anyone ofSEQ ID NOs: 700-709, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In further preferred embodiments, the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens comprising at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein • the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 673 or 674, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 675-677, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 678 or 679, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, I or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 680-682, or a fragment or vanant of any of these. Preferably, the combination disclosed herein comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally comprised in the combination of tumour antigens as specified herein, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 700 or 701, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 702-704, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or 5 • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 705 or 706, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or • the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA11 compnses a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 1096%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 707-709, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one cds, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, and at least one antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence 15 from MAGEA9, or an immunogenic fragment or variant of any of these. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the combination of the invention comprises at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules (collectively) encode the following combination of (tumour) antigens at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid 20 sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 2596%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, preferably SEQ ID NO: 159, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 209-242, preferably SEQ ID NO: 210, or a fragment or variant 30 of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 243-327, preferably SEQ ID NO: 244, or a fragment or vanant of any of these; 35 • at least one antigen from MAGEA3 compn'ses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 556 or 557, preferably SEQ ID NO: 557, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 558 or 559, preferably SEQ ID NO: 559, or a fragment or variant of any of these; 5 • at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 560 or 561, preferably SEQ ID NO: 561, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen from MAGEA11 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being 10 identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 562 or 563, preferably SEQ ID NO: 563, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the combination compnses at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules that collectively encode the combination of (tumour) antigens as defined herein, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) 15 nucleic acid molecules comprise the following nucleic acid sequences at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, preferably SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 that is identical or at 20 least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 350-400, preferably SEQ ID NO: 351, or a fragment or vanant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 401 -434, preferably SEQ ID NO: 402, or a fragment or variant of any of these; 25 • at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 435-519, preferably SEQ ID NO: 436, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA3 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ 30 ID NOs: 564 or 565, preferably SEQ ID NO: 565, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA4 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 566 or 567, preferably SEQ ID NO: 567, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA9 that is identical or at least 70%, 3580%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 568 or 569, preferably SEQ ID NO: 569, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA11 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 570 or 571 , preferably SEQ ID NO: 571, or a fragment or vanant of any of these. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the combination of the invention comprises at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules (collectively) encode the following combination of (tumour) antigens 5 • at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, preferably SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2.-4 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid 10 sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208,698 or 699, preferably SEQ ID NO:159, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 1596%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242,684 or 685, preferably SEQ ID NO: 210, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327,686-697, preferably SEQ ID NO: 244, or a fragment 20 or variant of any of these; at least one antigen from MAGEA3 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 556 or 557, preferably SEQ ID NO: 557, or a fragment or variant of any of these; 5 • at least one antigen from MAGEA4 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 558 or 559, preferably SEQ ID NO: 559, or a fragment or variant of any of these; • at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being 0 identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 560 or 561, preferably SEQ ID NO: 561, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,5 or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 562 or 563, preferably SEQ ID NO: 563, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least one or more (e.g.2, 3, 4) nucleic acid molecules that collectively encode the combination of (tumour) antigens as defined herein, wherein the at least one or more (e.g.2,3, 4) nucleic acid molecules comprise the following nucleic acid sequences at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, preferably SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 350-400,725, 726, preferably SEQ ID NO: 351, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 that is identical0 or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 401 -434, 711,712, preferably SEQ ID NO: 402, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 435-519,713-724, preferably SEQ ID NO: 436, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA3 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 564 or 565, preferably SEQ ID NO: 565, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA4 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 566 or 567, preferably SEQ ID NO: 567, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA9 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 568 or 569, preferably SEQ ID NO: 569, or a fragment or variant of any of these; at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one antigen from MAGEA11 that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 570 or 571 , preferably SEQ ID NO: 571, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Further peptid^or protein elements In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention encodes the combination of tumour antigens as defined herein and in addition to that at least one further peptide or protein element. The term "at least one further peptide or protein element" refers to an amino acid sequence that may optionally be compnsed in one or more of the antigens of the invention, e.g. in form of a fusion protein as further specified herein. Thus, the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen of the combination may additionally encode at least one further amino acid sequence, in particular a further peptide or protein element as defined herein. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, particularly the at least one cds, additionally encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one helper epitope, at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, at least one signal peptide, at least one linker, and/or at least one degron, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Accordingly, in embodiments, the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one further peptide or protein element (e.g. compnsed in a "fusion protein" or comprised in a "multi-antigen protein") selected from at least one helper epitope, at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, at least one signal peptide, at least one linker, and/or at least one degron, or a fragment or variant of any of these. These at least one further peptide or protein elements are suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins"). Further details regarding "fusion proteins" and "multi- antigen proteins" are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins". Helper epitopes In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, particularly the at least one cds, encodes at least one helper epitope, preferably at least one T helper epitope. Such a helper epitope may for example be characterized by promiscuous binding to human MhlC class II molecules. Helper epitopes may be selected from SEQ ID NOs: 3083-3294 of W02019008001, said sequences herewith incorporated by reference. In preferred embodiments, the at least one helper epitope is selected from a Tetanus Toxid (TT) and/or a Diphtheria toxoid (DT). Particularly suitable in the context of the invention is Tetanus toxoid P32XL and/or Diphthena toxoid P1XL, or a fragment, variant thereof. According to preferred embodiments, the at least one coding sequence encodes at least two helper epitopes selected from at least one Tetanus Toxin (TT) and at least one Diphtheria toxin (DT). In particulariy preferred embodiments, at least one helper epitope is selected from Tetanus toxoid P32XL and at least one helper epitope is selected from Diphtheria toxoid P1XL. The inventors surpnsingly found that the combination of certain Tetanus Toxin (TT) and Diphthena toxin (DT) helper epitopes is particulariy advantageous in the context of the invention and for cancer vaccine consbucts in general. Particularly preferred in that context is the combination of Tetanus toxoid P32XL and Diphtheria toxoid P1XL. In embodiments, the at least one helper epitope comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 524 or 525, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Accordingly, in embodiments, the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one helper epitope. Said at least one helper epitope is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins"). Further details regarding "fusion proteins" and "multi-antigen proteins" are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins". Immune response activating signal transduction proteins In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, particularly the cds, encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, or a fragment or variant thereof. In embodiments, the at least one cds encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one immune response activating signal to-ansduction protein, preferably at least one transmembrane domain (TD) and/or at least one cytoplasmic domain (CD) derived from said at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein. Preferably, said immune response activating signal transduction protein is - upon translation - located in the external side of the plasma membrane and readily and recurrently internalized to the endosomal pathways, preferably to target the encoded and translated antigens as specified herein to desired intracellular pathways, which preferably intersect MHC class I and in particular also MHC class II pathways, for effective delivery of antigenic sequences to MHC class I and MHC class II processing compartments (as described in W02019008001, herewith fully incorporated by reference). In preferred embodiments, the immune response activating signal transduction protein (herein also abbreviated as "IRAP") is selected from CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4), or a fragment or variant thereof. In particularly preferred embodiments, the immune response activating signal t-ansduction protein is selected from CTLA4, in particular selected from the transmembrane domain (TM) and/or cytoplasmic domain (CD) of CTLA4, or a fragment or variant of any of these CTM/CD). In embodiments, the at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein (IRAP) is selected from TM/CD of CTLA4 and preferably comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 533, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these. Accordingly, in embodiments, the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein. Said at least one immune response activating signal t-ansduction protein is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins"). Typically, the at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein is located at the C-terminus of the encoded at least one antigen (or a "multi-antigen protein"). Further details regarding "fusion proteins" and "multi- antigen proteins" are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins". Signal peptides In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, particularly the cds, encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one signal peptide. In preferred embodiments, the at least one signal peptide is a non-immunogenic signal peptide. Signal peptides may be selected from of SEQ ID NOs: 1-156, 76948-76951 of W02019008001, said sequences herewith incorporated by reference. In preferred embodiments, the at least one signal peptide is selected from CTLA4, or a fragment or variant thereof. In embodiments, the at least one signal peptide is selected from CTLA4 and preferably compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs:531,532, or a fragments or vanants of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the at least one signal peptide comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 532, or a fragment or variant thereof. Accordingly, in embodiments, the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one signal peptide. Said at least one signal peptide is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins"). Typically, the at least one signal peptide is located at the N-terminus of the encoded protein that contains the at least one antigen as defined herein. Further details regarding "fusion proteins" and "multi-antigen proteins" are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins". Linker elements In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the cds, encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one linker element. In preferred embodiments, the linker elements are non-immunogenic linker elements. Linker elements may be selected from SEQ ID NOs: 2937, 76400-76418, 77018-77058 of W02019008001, said sequences herewith incorporated by reference. In preferred embodiments, the at least one or more linker element is a G4S linker according to SEQ ID NO: 530. In preferred embodiments in this context, the nucleic acid sequences encoding for the at least one or more G4S linker elements are selected from SEQ ID NOs: 540-551, or variants thereof. In embodiments where the encoded protein comprises at least two or more G4S linker elements, each nucleic acid sequence encoding the same amino acid sequence of the G4S linker elements is selected from a different nucleic acid sequence (suitably from SEQ ID NOs: 540- 551). Accordingly, in embodiments, the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one linker element. Said at least one linker element is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins"). Typically, the at least one linker element is located between different tumour antigens of the combination as defined herein and/or between different further peptide or protein elements as defined herein. Further details regarding "fusion proteins" and "multi-antigen proteins" are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins". In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the cds, encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one degron (DEG), or a fragment or variant thereof. In embodiments, the at least one degron is a ubiquitin-dependent degron, or a fragment or variant thereof. In preferred embodiments, the at least one degron comprises at least one recognition site for an E3 ubiquitin ligase, preferably for a Cullin-RING E3 type ubiquitin ligase, most preferably for a Cul4DCAF12 Cullin-RING type E3 ubiquitin ligase. In preferred embodiments, the at least one degron is located at the N-terminus of, at the C-terminus of, or within the amino acid sequence of the at least one encoded antigen of the combination (e.g. at the N-terminus of, or at the C-terminus of a "multi-antigen protein"). In embodiments, the at least one degron comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 526-529, or a fragments or variants of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the at least one degron comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence at least 2,3, 4, or 5 glutamic acids. Preferably, the at least one degron comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 526. Suitably, a degron may suitably increase intracellular protein amount upon administration of the nucleic acid molecule and/or may suitably increase presentation of at least one MHC-11 epitope comprised in the antigen combination upon administration of the nucleic acid molecule. Accordingly, in embodiments, the encoded at least one antigen of the combination comprises at least one degron. Said at least one degron is suitably included into larger fusion proteins, in combination with at least one antigen of the combination as defined herein, or in combination with more than one antigen of the combination as defined herein (herein referred to as "multi-antigen proteins"). Typically, the at least one degron is located at the N- or at the C-terminus, preferably at the C-terminus. Further details regarding "fusion proteins" and "multi-antigen proteins" are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins". Further_eeptide ornrQtein elements (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences) Preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 3. Therein, each row corresponds to a suitable further peptide or protein element. Column A provides a short description of the respective further peptide or protein element. Column B provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective further peptide or protein elements. Column C provides SEQ ID NO of G/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the amino acid sequences of Column B. Table 3: Preferred amino acid seauences and cds sequences of further peptide or protein elements row 1 H A elper epitopes 5 B 24,525 5 c 34,535 2 IRAP 533 554,555 3 Signal peptide | 531,532 552,553 4 Linker 530 540-551 5 Degron 526-529 536-539 In embodiments, the at least one further peptide or protein element comprise or consists of at least one amino acid sequence selected from Table 3, column B, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one further peptide or protein element is provided by nucleic acid sequences as provided in Table 3, column C, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Combinations of nucleic acid constructs The invention relates to a combination comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule that compnses at least one cds, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of tumour antigens as defined herein. In embodiments, the combination comprises a separate nucleic acid molecule for each encoded tumour antigen of the combination, wherein the nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the antigen combination. In such an embodiment, the combination of tumour antigens comprises four different antigens (antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2.-4, KCNMB2-AS1.-4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein) and the combination comprises four separate nucleic acid molecules each encoding one of the four antigens. In embodiments, the combination comprises one nucleic acid molecule, wherein the one nucleic acid molecule encodes the antigen combination. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the antigen combination is encoded on one nucleic acid molecule. In that context, the nucleic acid molecule encodes at least four different antigens (e.g. antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein) and, optionally, at least one additional antigen (antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein). In various embodiments, the combination compnses at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably 2, 3, 4, or 5 nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the antigen combination. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the antigen combination is collectively encoded on at least two (distinct) nucleic acid molecules, preferably on 2, 3,4, or 5 nucleic acid molecules. In that context, the at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably 2, 3, 4, or 5 nucleic acid molecules, collectively encode at least four different antigens (e.g. antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein) and, optionally, at least one additional antigen (antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein). In the context of a combination (for use) as described herein comprising at least two nucleic acid molecules, the terms "firsf, "second", "third", etc., may be used for referring to individual nucleic acid molecules in said combination (for use). Unless otherwise specified, these terms merely serve to distinguish the individual nucleic acid molecules in such combinations and do not by themselves imply any other meaning, such as priority of one over the other, order of administration, etc. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules each comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the two nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the antigen combination. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the antigen combination is collectively encoded on two nucleic acid molecules. In that context, the two nucleic acid molecules collectively encode at least four different antigens (e.g. antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72- 2:4, KCNMB2-AS1.-4, and NTF3-5:5 as defined herein) and, optionally, at least one additional antigen (antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein). In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules each compnsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the three nucleic acid molecules collectively encode the antigen combination. Accordingly, in such embodiments, the antigen combination is collectively encoded on three nucleic acid molecules. In that context, the three nucleic acid molecules collectively encode at least four different antigens (e.g. antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6: 1, WDR72- 2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5.-5 as defined herein) and, optionally, at least one additional antigen (antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein). In some embodiments, the combination of antigens as defined herein is provided by at least one multicistronic nucleic acid molecule, e.g. nucleic acid molecules that comprise more than one cds (e.g. controlled via IRES sequences). In such embodiments, a multicisti'onic nucleic acid molecule may encode for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 different tumour antigens of the combination, each encoded by a separate cds containing a start and a stop codon. In preferred embodiments, the combination of antigens as defined herein is provided by at least one moncx;istronic nucleic acid molecules, e.g. nucleic acid molecules that comprise one cds. In such embodiments, the at least one monocistronic nucleic acid molecule may encode for 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8 different tumour antigens as defined herein, wherein the 2, 3,4,5, 6, 7,8 different tumour antigens as defined herein are encoded by one cds containing a start and a stop codon. In preferred embodiments, the combination of antigens as defined herein is provided by at least one multi-antigen protein, e.g. a multi-antigen protein compnsing more than one antigen of the combination. In such embodiments, a multi-antigen protein (that is encoded by the at least one nucleic acid molecule) may comprise 2, 3,4, 5,6,7, 8 different antigens of the combination in form of a fusion protein or multi-antigen protein. Further details regarding "fusion proteins" and "multi-antigen proteins" are provided in section "fusion proteins and multi-antigen proteins". In embodiments, the combination comprises one, two, three, or four nucleic acid molecules, each compnsing one cds, wherein the one, two, three, or four nucleic acid molecules encode the antigen combination as defined herein as multi- antigen proteins. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules, each comprising one cds, wherein the two nucleic acid molecules encode the antigen combination as defined herein as multi-antigen proteins. Multi-antigen proteins In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the cds, encodes the combination of tumour antigens as defined herein in comprised in least one multi-antigen protein. In embodiments, the antigen combination is comprised in at least one multi-antigen protein, wherein the multi-antigen protein comprises at least two antigens of the antigen combination as defined herein. A "multi-antigen protein" as used herein refers to a fusion protein that may compnse at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more amino acid sequences from antigens of the combination as defined herein. A "multi-antigen protein" may additionally comprise at least one further amino acid sequences from a peptide or protein element as defined herein. In even more preferred embodiments, the antigens of the combination are comprised in two different multi-antigen proteins, said two different multi-antigen proteins suitably provided by two different nucleic acid molecules. In equally preferred embodiments, the tumour antigens of the combination are comprised in three different multi-antigen proteins, said three different multi-antigen proteins suitably provided by two different nucleic acid molecules. In the following, certain exemplary multi-antigen proteins are provided and described in detail. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more of the following multi-antigen proteins (herein referred to as "multi-antigen protein design 1"), the multi-antigen proteins comprising, optionally in the following order (N-terminus to C-terminus): A: MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - N - K; B: MAGEA11-MAGEA3-Z-W; c: MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - MAGEA3; D: MAGEA11-Z-N-W-K; E: MAGEA4-MAGEA9; F: MAGEA11 - MAGEA3-Z-N-W-K; G: Z-N-W-K; wherein "-" represents an optional linker, e.g. a G4S linker; "Z" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 1, columns B and C; "W" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded byWDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 2, columns B and C; "K' represents antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or vahant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 3 columns B and C; "N" represents an antigen compn'sing an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 1A or 1 B, row 4, columns B and C; "MAGEA3" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 2, row 1, columns B and C; "MAGEA4" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 2, row 2, columns B and C; "MAGEA9" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 2, row 3, columns B and C; "MAGEA11" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in Table 2, row 4, columns B and C; In preferred embodiments, multi-antigen protein G does not comprise an antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the at least one or more multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 are selected and combined to comprise the antigen combination (that is, "Z", "N", 'W, and "K' and, optionally, MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11). In embodiments, the at least one multi-antigen, preferably the multi-antigen proteins comprising the antigens as defined for multi-antigen proteins A-G, may additionally comprise at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one helper epitope as defined herein, at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein as defined herein, at least one signal peptide as defined herein, at least one linker as defined herein, at least one degron as defined herein, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Suitable further peptide or protein elements may be selected from Table 3. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more multi-antigen proteins, the multi-antigen proteins comprising (herein referred to as "multi-antigen protein design 2"), preferably in the following order (N-terminus to C-terminus): A1: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 -DT- N - K-TT- (IRAP); B1: (SP)-MAGEA11-MAGEA3-DT-Z-W-TT-(IRAP); C1: (SP) - MAGEA4 -MAGEA9-MAGEA3- (IRAP); C2: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT - MAGEA3 - TT - (IRAP); D1: (SP)MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP); E1: (SP)-MAGEA4-DT-MAGEA9-TT-(IRAP); F1: (SP)-MAGEA11-MAGEA3-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP); G1: (SP)-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP); wherein "(SP)" represents a signal peptide, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably as defined herein (e.g. Table 3), more preferably selected from CTLA4; "(IRAP)" represents an immune response activating signal transduction protein, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined herein, more preferably selected from CTLA4; "DT represents a diphtheria toxin, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably as defined herein (e.g. Table 3), more preferably selected from Diphthena toxoid P1XL, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; "TT' represents a tetanus toxin, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably as defined herein (e.g. Table 3), more preferably selected from Tetanus toxoid P32XL, or a fragment or variant thereof; "(DEG)" represents a degron, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably as defined herein (e.g. Table 3), more preferably selected from a degron comprising 2,3,4, or 5, preferably of 5 glutamic acids; defined in the context of "multi-antigen protein design 1" In preferred embodiments, multi-antigen protein G1 does not comprise an antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the at least one or more multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 and/or design 2 are selected and combined to comprise the antigen combination of the invention (that is, "Z", "N", 'W, and "K' and, optionally, MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/orMAGEA11). In some embodiments, the multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 and/or design 2 additionally compnse a degron (DEG) as defined herein. Preferably, in these embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more multi-antigen proteins (herein referred to as "multi-antigen protein design 3"), the multi-antigen proteins comprising, preferably in the following order (N-terminus to C-terminus): A2: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT-N - K-TT- (IRAP)(DEG); B2: (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT- Z -W-TT- (IRAP)(DEG); C3: (SP)-MAGEA4-MAGEA9-MAGEA3-(IRAP)(DEG); C4: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9-DT-MAGEA3 - TT - (IRAP)(DEG); D2: (SP)-MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP)(DEG); E2: (SP) - MAGEA4 - DT-MAGEA9 - TT - (IRAP)(DEG); F2: (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 -DT-Z-N-W-K-TT- (IRAP)(DEG); G2: (SP)-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP)(DEG); wherein "(DEC)" represents a degron, or a fragment or variant thereof (e.g. Table 3), preferably as defined herein, more preferably selected from a degron comprising 2, 3,4, or 5, preferably of 5 glutamic acids; "(SP)"; "DT'; "TT'; "(DEG)"; are defined in the context of'multi-antigen protein design 2"; "-"; "Z"; 'W, "K', "N", "MAGEA3", "MAGEA4", "MAGEA9", and "MAGEA11" are defined in the context of "multi-antigen protein design 1". In preferred embodiments, multi-antigen protein G2 does not compnse an antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as defined herein. In embodiments, the at least one or more multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1 , 2, and/or 3 are selected and combined to comprise the antigen combination of the invention (that is, "Z", "N", "W, and "K' and, optionally, MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11). In some embodiments, the multi-antigen proteins of multi-antigen protein design 1, 2, and/or 3 lack the N-terminal (SP) and/orthe (IRAP) and are therefore configured to be located preliminary in the cytosol (upon administration of the nucleic acid molecule and translation in a cell). In some embodiments, the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi antigen proteins: A and B as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1); C and D as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1); or • E and F as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1). In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following at least two multi-antigen proteins: A1 and B1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); C1 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); C2 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); or E1 and F1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2). In particularly preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode multi-antigen proteins A1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1) and multi-antigen protein B1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2). In preferred embodiments, the combination optionally comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a multi- antigen protein selected from G, G1, or G2 as defined herein. Accordingly, in particulariy preferred embodiments, the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, wherein the three nucleic acid molecules are preferably distinct from each other and wherein the three nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: A1 and B1 and G1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); or A1 and B1 and G2 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2). Multi-antigen_eruteins (amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences) Preferred amino acid sequences and nucleic acid sequences in that context are provided in Table 4. Therein, each row corresponds to a suitable multi-antigen protein. Columns A provides an identifier of preferred multi-antigen protein comprising the indicated tumour antigens of the combination. Column B provides a short description of the respective multi-antigen protein. Column C provides the amino acid SEQ ID NOs of amino acid sequences. Column D provides SEQ ID NO ofG/C optimized nucleic acid sequence encoding the multi-antigen protein sequence of Column C. Table 4: Preferred multi-antiaen protein amino acid sequences and cds sequences A B c D A1* MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT-N - K-TT 572 601 A1 (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT-N - K-TT- (IRAP) 573,574 602,603 B1* MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT - Z-W-7T 575 604 B1 (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT- Z -W-TT- (IRAP) 576,577 605,606 B2 (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT-Z -W- TT- (IRAP)(DEG) 578 607 C1* MAGEA4-MAGEA9-MAGEA3 579 608 C1 (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - MAGEA3 - (IRAP) 580,581 609,610 C2* MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT - MAGEA3 - TT 582 611 C2 (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT - MAGEA3 - TT - (IRAP) 583,584 612,613 D1* MAGEA11 -DT-Z-N-W-K-TT 585 614 D1 (SP)-MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP) 586,587 [ 615,616 E1* MAGEA4 - DT - MAGEA9 - TT 591 620 E1 (SP) - MAGEA4 - DT - MAGEA9 - TT - (IRAP) 592,593 621,622 F1* MAGEA11-MAGEA3-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT 588 617 F1 (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT-Z - N-W-K-TT-(IRAP) 589,590 618,619 G1* Z-N-W-K-TT 596 625 G1 (SP)-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP) 594 623 G2* Z-N-W-K-TT(DEG) 597 626 G2 (SP) -Z- N -W- K-TT - (IRAP)(DEG) 595 624 (SP)-MAGEA3-TT-(IRAP) 598 627 (SP) - MAGEA4 - TT - (IRAP) 599 628 (SP)-MAGEA9-TT-(IRAP) 600 629 * design lacking the (SP) and/orthe (IRAP) to be expressed in the cytosol In embodiments, the at least one multi-antigen protein comprise or consists of at least one amino acid sequence selected from Table 4, column C, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one multi-antigen protein are provided by a nucleic acid sequence as provided in Table 4, column D, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the at least one coding sequence, encodes at least one multi-antigen protein that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 572-600, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one multi-antigen protein that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 574,577,594,595,or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the at least one cds, comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one multi-antigen protein as defined herein, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 601 -629, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular the at least one cds, comprises a nucleic j acid sequence encoding at least one multi-antigen protein as defined herein, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 603,606,623, 624, preferably to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 603, 606 or 623, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules compnsing a coding sequence, wherein one nucleic acid molecule (a first nucleic acid molecule) encodes A1 as defined herein, wherein A1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 574, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes A1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof; and one nucleic acid molecule (a second nucleic acid molecule) encodes B1 as defined herein, wherein B1 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 577, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes B1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or a vanant of any of thereof. In equally preferred embodiments, the combination compnses three nucleic acid molecules comprising a coding sequence, wherein one (a first) nucleic acid molecule encodes A1 as defined herein, wherein A1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 574, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes A1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof; and one (a second) nucleic acid molecule encodes B1 as defined herein, wherein B1 compnse or consist of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 577, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes B1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or vanant thereof; and one (a third) nucleic acid molecule encodes G1 or G2 as defined herein, wherein G1 or G2 comprise or consist of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 594 or 595, preferably SEQ ID NO: 594, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes G1 or G2 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 623 or 624, preferably SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or a van'ant thereof. Nydeicacid sequence features and embodiments In the following, features and embodiments referring to nucleic acid molecules are described in detail (e.g. type of nucleic acid, structural elements, modificafabns, etc.). Notably, said features and embodiments may be applied to any nucleic acid molecule in any aspect of the invention (e.g. combination, composition, kit, medical uses). In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an artificial nucleic acid. The term "artificial nucleic acid" as used herein refers to a nucleic acid that does not occur naturally and may hence be understood as a non-natural nucleic acid molecule. Nucleic acid molecules may be non-natural due to their individual sequence (e.g. G/C content) and/or due to other modifications, e.g. structural modifications. An artificial nucleic acid may compnse at least one heterologous sequence element, e.g. a heterologous UTR. Typically, an artificial nucleic acid may be generated by genetic engineering to correspond to a desired sequence of nucleotides. The term is not restricted to "one single molecule" but may compnse an ensemble of essentially identical nucleic acid molecules. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an isolated nucleic acid. The term "isolated nucleic acid" does not encompass a cell or a subject that comprises said nucleic acid but relates to the nucleic acid as an isolated molecule or ensemble of isolated molecules. The "isolated nucleic acid" can e.g. be isolated or purified from a cell or can e.g. be an RNA isolated from an RNA in vitro transcription. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is selected from a DNA or an RNA. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA. The RNA may be any type of RNA that compnses a coding sequence as defined herein and may include any type of single stranded RNA, double stranded RNA, linear RNA, and circular RNA. In embodiments, the RNA may be selected from mRNA, circRNA, replicon RNA, self-replicating RNA, viral RNA. In embodiments, the RNA is a circular RNA. A "circular RNA" (circRNAs) is an RNA connected to form a circle and therefore does not comprise a 3' or 5' terminus. Said circRNA comprises at least one cds as defined herein. circRNA construct designs can be taken from W02023073228, claims 1 to 51, hereby incorporated by reference. In other embodiments, the RNA is a replicon RNA or self-replicating RNA. Such constructs may encode replicase elements derived from e.g. alphavimses (e.g. SR/, SIN, VEE, or RRV) and a cds as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA. In the context of the invention, an mRNA is preferred to provide the combination of antigens because mRNA allows for regulated dosage, transient expression, complete degradation of the mRNA after protein synthesis, and does not pose the risk of insertional mutations. Preferably, the mRNA is non-replicative. In embodiments where the combination comprises at least two or more different nucleic acid molecules that (collectively) encode the antigen combination as defined herein, each of the at least two or more different nucleic acid molecules are selected from RNA, preferably from mRNA. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, more preferably an mRNA, comprises preferably at least 500 nucleotides, more preferably from 500 to 10000 nucleotides, even more preferably from 1000 to 10000 nucleotides, most preferably from 1000 to 5000 nucleotides. According to preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule may be provided as a "stabilized nucleic acid" showing improved resistance to in viva degradation and/or a nucleic acid molecule showing improved stability in viva, and/or a nucleic acid molecule showing improved translatability in vivo. Preferably, the at least one nucleic acid molecule may be provided as a "stabilized nucleic acid". In the following, suitable modifications/adaptations are described that are capable of "stabilizing" the at least one nucleic acid molecule, in particular, of stabilizing RNA. Suitable coding sequences: According to preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses at least one coding sequence (cds) encoding at least antigen as defined herein. In that context, any cds encoding at least one antigen as defined herein, or fragments and vanants thereof, may be understood as suitable coding sequences and may therefore be comprised in the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention. In particularly preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises at least one codon modified cds. Suitably, the amino acid sequence encoded by the at least one codon modified cds has not been modified compared to the amino acid sequence encoded by a corresponding wild type or reference cds. The term "codon modified cds" as used herein relates to a cds that differs in at least one codon compared to the corresponding wild type or reference cds. Suitably, a codon modified cds shows improved resistance to in vivo degradation and/or improved stability in vivo, and/or improved translatability in vivo. Codon modifications make use of the degeneracy of the genetic asde wherein multiple codons can encode the same amino acid and may therefore be used interchangeably to optimize/modify the cds for in vivo applications. In embodiments, the at least one cds is a codon modified cds, wherein the codon modified cds is selected from a C maximized cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.122, lines 33 to 39] which is hereby incorporated by reference); a CAI maximized cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.123, lines 33 to 44] which is hereby incorporated by reference); a human codon usage adapted cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.123, lines 7 to 17] which is hereby incorporated by reference); a G/C content modified cds (as further defined in W02021239880 [p.123, lines 19 to 31 ] which is hereby incorporated by reference); a G/C optimized cds ("opt1 "); or any combination thereof. In preferred embodiments, the G/C content of the at least one cds is optimized compared to the G/C content of the corresponding wild type or reference cds ("G/C optimized"). "Optimized" in that context means that the G/C content of the cds is preferably increased to the essentially highest possible content. The generation of a G/C optimized cds is suitably carried out according to W02002098443, which is hereby incorporated by reference. In preferred embodiments, the G/C content of the at least one cds is increased by at least 10%, 15%, or 20% compared to the G/C content of the corresponding wild type or reference cds. In embodiments, the at least one cds has a G/C content of at least about 50%, 51 %, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61 %, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, or 70%. In preferred embodiments, the at least one cds has a G/C content of at least about 55%, 60% or 65%. I UTRs: In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses at least one untranslated region (UTR) or UTR element. The terms "untranslated region", "UTR", or "UTR element" refer to a part of a nucleic acid molecule that is not translated into protein and that is typically located 5' or 3' of a cds. A UTR may comprise elements for controlling gene expression (regulatory elements). Such regulatory elements may be, e.g., ribosomal binding sites, miRNA binding sites, promotor elements. Regulatory elements may determine turnover, stability, and localization of the nucleic acid, in particular the RNA. UTRs may also harbour sequence elements that enhance translation. Preferably, the at least one UTR element is selected from at least one 5'-UTR element and/or at least one 3'-UTR element, preferably selected from at least one heterologous 5'-UTR element and/or at least one heterologous 3'-UTR element. 5 The term "heterologous" or "heterologous UTR" refers to a nucleic acid or UTR that is not from the same gene, the same genomic fusion, or the same naturally occurring transcript. Heterologous sequences or heterologous UTRs do naturally (that is, in nature) not occur in the same nucleic acid molecule. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises at least one 3'-UTR element. A 3'-UTR is typically located between a cds and an (optional) poly(A) sequence. A 3'-UTR may comprise elements for 10 controlling expression, also called regulatory elements. Such regulatory elements may be, e.g., ribosomal binding sites, miRNA binding sites. Preferably, the at least one 3'-UTR element may be derivable from a gene that relates to an RNA with enhanced half-life (i.e. that provides a stable RNA). In some embodiments, the 3'-UTR element comprises one or more of a polyadenylation signal, a binding site for proteins 15 that affect nucleic acid stability or location in a cell, or one or more miRNA or binding sites for miRNAs. In embodiments, the at least one S'-UTR element comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 66-135, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one 3'-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence derived or selected from a 3'- 20 UTR of a gene selected from PSMB3, ALB7, alpha-globin, HBA1, beta-globin, ANXA4, AES, CASP1, COX6B1, FIG4, GNAS, NDUFA1, RPS9, SLC7A3, TUBB4B, 12S ribosomal RNA/mitochondrion, or from a homolog, a fragment, or variant of any one of these genes. In embodiments, the at least one 3'-UTR element that is derived or selected from PSMB3, ALB7, alpha-globin, HBA1, beta-globin, ANXA4, AES, CASP1, COX6B1, FIG4, GNAS, NDUFA1, RPS9, SLC7A3, TUBB4B, 12S hbosomal 25 RNA/mitochondrion compnses or consist of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 66- 95,112-135, or a fragment or a vanant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the at least one 3'-UTR element is derived or selected from a PSMB3 gene, wherein the at least one 3'-UTR element compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 3086%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 66,67, 112- 135, or a fragment or a variant thereof, preferably SEQ ID NO: 67, or a fragment or a variant thereof. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises at least one 5'-UTR element. A 5'-UTR is typically located 5' of the cds. A 5'-UTR may start with the transcriptional start site and ends before the start codon of the cds. A 5'-UTR may comprise elements for controlling gene expression, called regulatory elements. Such regulatory elements may be, e.g., ribosomal binding sites, miRNA binding sites. Preferably, the at least one 5'-UTR element may be derivable from a gene that relates to an RNA with enhanced half-life (i.e. that provides a stable RNA). In some embodiments, the 5'-UTR element comprises one or more of a binding site for proteins that affect nucleic acid stability or location in a cell, or one or more miRNA or binding sites for miRNAs. In embodiments, the at least one 5'-UTR element compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12-63, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In embodiments, the at least one 5'-UTR comprises a nucleic acid sequence derived or selected from a 5'-UTR of gene selected from HSD17B4, RPL32, AIG1, alpha-globin, HBA1, HBA2, ASAH1, ATP5A1, COX6C, DPYSL2, MDR, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, RPL35A, SLC7A3, synthetic ongin, TUBB4B, UBQLN2, or from a homolog, a fragment or variant of any one of these genes. In embodiments, the at least one 5'-UTR element that is derived or selected from HSD17B4, RPL32, AIG1, alpha-globin, HBA1, HBA2, ASAH1, ATP5A1, COX6C, DPYSL2, MDR, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, RPL35A, SLC7A3, synthetic origin, TUBB4B, UBQLN2 comprises or consist of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12-45,64,65, or a fragment or a variant of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the at least one 5'-UTR element is derived or selected from a HSD17B4 gene, wherein the at least one 5'-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 12,13, 64,65, or a fragment or a variant thereof, preferably SEQ ID NO: 13, or a fragment or a variant thereof. In medical applications, translation of the nucleic acid into at least one peptide or protein is of paramount importance to therapeutic efficacy. Certain combinations of 3'-UTR and/or 5'-UTR elements may enhance the expression and/or may enable rapid expression of encoded tumour antigens after adminisb-ation to a subject. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid, preferably the RNA, compnses at least one cds operably linked to a 3'-UTR element and/or a 5'-UTR element selected from the 5'-UTR/3'-UTR combinations (5'UTR/3'UTR) provided in W02021239880 [p.127, line 35 to p.128, line 2], which is hereby incorporated by reference. In particulariy preferred embodiments, the at least one 5'-UTR element is selected from HSD17B4 and the at least one 3' UTR element is selected from PSMB3. Accordingly, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises at least one cds as defined herein linked to a HSD17B45'-UTR element and a PSMB33'-UTR element. This embodiment is particulariy beneficial for effectively expressing the antigen combination in humans. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is monocistronic, bicistronic, or multicistronic. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, is monocistronic. In particulariy preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid, preferably the RNA, comprises a ribosome binding site, also referred to as "Kozak sequence", that is identical to or at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1 or 2, or sequences GCCGCCACC, GCCACC, ACC, preferably ACC (RNA). Polv(N)sequencesJ?jstone stem-loops: In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule compnses at least one poly(N) sequence, e.g. at least one poly(A) sequence, at least one poly(U) sequence, at least one poly(C) sequence, or combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses at least one poly(A) sequence. In some embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA comprises at least two, three, or more poly(A) sequences. The term "poly(A) sequence" refers to a sequence of up to 1000 adenosines typically located at the 3'-end of a linear RNA. Typically, a poly(A) sequence is homopolymeric. Alternatively, a poly(A) sequence may be interrupted by at least one nucleotide different from an adenosine. In embodiments, the at least one poly(A) sequence comprises about 20 to about 500 adenosines, about 40 to about 250 adenosines, about 60 to about 250 adenosines, preferably about 60 to about 150 adenosines. In embodiments, the at least one poly(A) sequence compnses about 50,64, 75,100,150,200, 300, 400, or 500 adenosines. In preferred embodiments, the at least one poly(A) sequence comprises about 60 to about 150 adenosine nucleotides, preferably about 100 adenosine nucleotides. In alternative embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one interrupted poly(A) sequence, wherein the poly(A) sequence is interrupted by non-adenosine nucleotides, preferably by about 10 non-adenosine (N10) nucleotides. In that context, a poly(A) sequence A30-N10-A70 is preferred. In preferred embodiments, the poly(A) sequence is located directly at the 3' terminus of the nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. Accordingly, the S'-terminal nucleotide in the polynucleotide chain is the S'-terminal A nucleotide of the at least one poly(A) sequence. In other words, the 3' terminus of the nucleic acid molecule consists of a poly(A) sequence (e.g. A100 orA30-N10-A70) and therefore terminates with an A. Advantageously, having a 3' terminus ending on an adenosine may decrease the induction of interferons, e.g. IFNalpha, by the RNA of the invention if, e.g., administered as a medicament to a human. This is important as the induction of interferons, e.g. IFNalpha, is thought to be one main factor for induction of side effects. In particulariy preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises a poly(A) sequence of about 100 consecutive adenosines (A100) located directly at the 3' terminus of the RNA. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises at least one histone stem-loop (hSL). A hSL may be located in the 3' region. The term refers to a nucleic acid sequence that forms a stem- loop secondary structure. A hSL may be derived from formulae (I) or (II) ofW02012019780, or preferably from the specific formulae (la) or (I la) ofW02012019780, that are hereby incorporated by reference. In preferred embodiments, the at least one hSL sequence comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence identical to or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3 or 4, or a fragment or variant, preferably SEQ ID NO: 4, or a fragment or variant thereof. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid comprises a S'-temninal sequence element. The 3-terminal sequence element represents the 3' terminus of the RNA. A S'-terminal sequence element may comprise at least one poly(A) sequence as defined herein and, optionally, at least one hSL as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the at least one S'-terminal sequence element comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-11, or a fragment or variant of these sequences. In particulariy preferred embodiments, the at least one S'-terminal sequence element (comprising a hSL followed by A100) comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 5 or 6, or a fragment or variant thereof. Modified nucleotides: In various embodiments, at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that comprises at least one modified nucleotide, wherein the modification preferably refers to chemical modifications comprising backbone modifications, sugar modifications or base modifications. A backbone modification is a chemical modification in which phosphates of the backbone of the nucleotides of the RNA are modified. A sugar modification is a chemical modification of the sugar of the nucleotides of the RNA. A base mcxjification is a chemical modification of the base moiety of the nucleotides of the RNA. In this context, nucleotide analogues are preferably selected from nucleotide analogues which are applicable for to-anscription and/or translation. In embodiments, the RNA comprises at least one modified nucleotide or analogue selected from the list in W02021239880 [p.136, line 17 to p.137, line 13], which is hereby incorporated by reference. In embodiments, the RNA may comprise modified undine nucleotides that preferably comprise a chemical modification in the 5-position of the uracil. Suitable modified undine nucleotides may be selected from the list in W02021239880 [p.137, lines 15 to 19], which is hereby incorporated by reference. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is a modified RNA wherein at least one undine is substituted by a modified nucleotide. Preferably, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is a modified RNA, wherein each undine is substituted by a modified nucleotide. In some embodiments, the at least one modified nucleotide is selected from pseudouridine, Nl-methylpseudouridine, N1- ethylpseudouridine, 2-thiouridine, 4'-thiouridine, 5-methylcytosine, 5-methyluridine, 2-thio-1-methyl-1-deaza- pseudouridine, 2-thio-l-methyl-pseudouridine, 2-thio-5-aza-uridine, 2-thio-dihydropseudouridine, 2-thio-dihydrouridine, 2- thichpseudouridine, 4-methoxy-2-thio-pseudouridine, 4-methoxy-pseudouridine, 4-thio-l-methyl-pseudouridine, 4-thio- pseudouridine, 5-aza-uridine, dihydropseudouridine, 5-methoxyuridine and 2'-0-methyl undine. In some embodiments, essentially all, e.g. essentially 100% of the uracil in the cds or the full nucleic acid sequence have a chemical modification, preferably a chemical modification in the 5-position of the uracil. Particularly preferred modified nucleotides in the context of the invention are pseudouridine (ip) and N1- methylpseudouridine (ml4J). Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that comprises at least one modified nucleotide selected from pseudouridine (4J) or Nl-methylpseudouridine (m1 qj). In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA wherein each uracil is substituted by Nl-methylpseudouridine (m1ip). In equally preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that does not comprise a modified nucleotide such as e.g. chemically modified nucleotides. A 5'-cap structure is not considered to be a modified nucleotide in the context of the invention. Accordingly, the non-modified RNA comprises only non-modified G, C, A and U and optionally compnses a 5'-cap structure. Using RNA molecules that do not comprise modified nucleotides to provide the antigen combination as defied herein may be beneficial as stronger T-cell responses may be induced (compared to m1 i<j or i(J modified RNA). Cap structures: In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that compnses a 5'-cap structure. The term "5'-cap structure" refers to a 5' modified nucleotide, particularly a guanine nucleotide, positioned at the 5'-end of an RNA. The 5'-cap structure is typically connected via a 5'-5'-triphosphate linkage to the RNA. A 5'-cap structure may stabilize the RNA and/or may enhance expression of the encoded antigens and/or may reduce the stimulation of the innate immune system after administration. In embodiments, the RNA comprises a 5'-cap structure selected from m7G, capO,cap1,cap2, or a modified version of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the RNA comprises a cap1 structure or a modified cap1 structure. Suitably, the 5'-cap structure is formed during RNA in vitro transcription using cap analogues. The term "cap analogue" refers to a non-polymerizable di-nucleotide or tri-nucleotide that has cap functionality in that it facilitates translation or localization, and/or prevents degradation of an RNA molecule when incorporated at the 5'-end of the nucleic acid molecule. Non-polymerizable means that the cap analogue will be incorporated only at the S'-terminus because it does not have a 5' tnphosphate and therefore cannot be extended in the S'-direction by a template-dependent polymerase, particularly, by template-dependent RNA polymerase (e.g. during IVT). In embodiments, a cap1 or a modified cap1 structure may be generated using a cap analogue, preferably a tri-nucleotide cap analogue. Cap analogues derivable from the structure disclosed in claims 1-5 of W02017053297 (hereby incorporated by reference) may preferably be used to co-transcriptionally generate a cap1 or a modified cap 1. Alternatively, any cap analogues as defined in claim 1 to claim 37 ofW02023007019 (hereby incorporated by reference) may be suitably used to co-transcriptionally generate a modified cap 1. In preferred embodiments, the cap1 structure is formed via co-transcriptional capping using tri-nucleotide cap analogues m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG, m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeG)pG, 3'OMe-m7(G)(5')ppp('5)m6(2'OMeA)pG or 3'OMe- m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG. A particularly preferred cap1 analogue in that context is m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG. 5 Alternatively, the 5'-cap structure may be formed via enzymatic capping using capping enzymes (e.g. vaccinia virus capping enzymes and/or2'-0 methyltransferases) to generate capO, cap1 orcap2 stmctures. It is preferred that at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the RNA species compnse a cap structure, preferably a cap1 structure, as determined by a capping assay (e.g. via an assay as described in d.27 to 46 ofW02015101416). In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises a 5'-terminal sequence element comprising or consisting of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of sequences AGGAGA, GGGAGA, GGGAAA, AGAAUA, AGAUUA, GAUGGG or GGGCG, or a fragment or variant of these sequences, preferably AGGAGA. Such a S'-terminal sequence element may comprise a binding site for an RNA polymerase. Preferably, the first nucleotide of said S'-terminal sequence element compnses a 2'0 methylation (2'OmeA or 2'OMeG). Further RNA features: In preferred embodiments, the RNA is an in vib-o transcribed RNA, preferably an in vitro transcribed mRNA. Accordingly, the RNA is preferably produced using RNA in vitro transcription (IVT). The term "RNA in vitro transcnption" relates to a process wherein RNA is synthesized in a cell-free system in vitro. In RNA in vitro transcription, the RNA is obtained by DNA-dependent transcription of an appropriate DNA template in the presence of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (e.g. T7, SP6), ribonucleotide triphosphates (NTPs, and optionally modified NTPs); optionally, a cap analogue; MgCb; optionally, spennidine; optionally, DTT; and a buffer (e.g. Tris or HEPES). In preferred embodiments, the RNA is a purified RNA, preferably a purified mRNA. The term "purified RNA" refers to RNA which has a higher purity after certain purification steps than the starting material (e.g. the cmde IVT RNA). Typical impurities comprise peptides, proteins, spermidine, BSA, abortive RNA fragments, dsRNA, free nucleotides, DNA, buffer components etc. It is desirable in this regard for the "degree of RNA purity" to be as close as possible to 100%. Preferably, "purified RNA" as used herein has a degree of purity of more than 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. The degree of purity may be determined by an analytical hlPLC. ) In preferred embodiments, the RNA has been purified by at least one step of (RP)HPLC, AEX, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), hydroxyapatite chromatography, tangential flow filtration (TFF), filtration, precipitation, core-bead flow through chromatography, oligo(dT) purification, cellulose-based purification, or any combination thereof. Preferably, the RNA has been purified using RP-HPLC (preferably as described in W02008077592) and/or TFF (preferably as described in W02016193206) and/or oligo d(T) purification. In embodiments, the RNA has an integrity of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%. The term "RNA integrity" generally describes whether the complete RNA sequence is present. The RNA integrity can be determined by RP-HPLC and may be based on determining the area under the peak of the expected full-length RNA in a chromatogram. It is desirable in this regard for the "degree of RNA integrity" to be as close as possible to 100%. In the following, preferred nucleic acid molecules, in particular RNA molecules, are described in detail. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises the following elements: 5 A) a 5'-cap structure, preferably as specified herein; B) at least one cds encoding at least one tumour antigen as defined herein; C) a 5'-UTR element and/or a 3'-UTR element, preferably as specified herein; D) at least one poly(A) sequence, preferably as specified herein. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises the following 10 sequence elements, preferably in 5'- to 3'<iirection: A) a 5'-cap structure, preferably a cap1 structure or a modified cap1 structure; B) a 5'-UTR element, preferably selected or derived from a 5'-UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or a fragment thereof; C) a cds encoding at least one antigen as defined herein, preferably wherein the at least one antigen comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 1589%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 572-600, or a fragment or variant of any of these; D) a 3'-UTR element, preferably selected or derived from a 3'-UTR of a PSMB3 gene, or a fragment thereof; E) optionally, a histone stem-loop; and F) a poly(A) sequence, preferably comprising about 100 A nucleotides. 0 In more preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, comprises the following sequence elements, preferably in 5'- to S'-direction: A) a S'-cap structure, preferably a cap1 structure or a modified cap1 structure; B) a 5'-UTR element, preferably selected or derived from a 5'-UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or a fragment thereof; C) a cds that comprises a nucleic acid sequence as defined herein, preferably wherein the nucleic acid sequence is5 identical or at least 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 601 -629or a fragment or variant of any of these; D) a 3'-UTR element, preferably selected or derived from a 3'-UTR of a PSMB3 gene, or a fragment thereof; E) optionally, a histone stem-loop; and F) a poly(A) sequence, preferably comprising about 100 A nucleotides. 0 Preferred RNA molecules: Preferred RNA molecules in the context of the invention are provided in Table 5. Therein, Columns A provides an identifier of preferred multi-antigen protein comprising the indicated antigens of the combination; Column B provides a short description of the respective multi-antigen protein. Column C provides the SEQ ID NOs of respective amino acid sequence. Column D provides the respective coding sequence (G/C optimized). The corresponding SEQ ID NOs of RNA5 constructs comprising the coding sequences are provided in columns E and F, wherein column E relates to RNA sequences comprising mRNA design HSD17B4/PSMB3 hSL-A100, and wherein column F relates to RNA sequences comprising mRNA design HSD17B4/PSMB3 hSL-A100 and comprising modified U nucleotides (N1- methylpseudouridine (m 1 ip)). Further information is provided under "feature key", i.e. "source" (for nucleic acids or proteins) or "miscjeature" (for nucleic acids) or "REGION" (for proteins) of the respective SEQ ID NOs in the ST.26 sequence listing. Table 5: RNA seauences encoding preferred multi-antigen proteins of the invention A B c D E F A1* MAGEA4-MAGEA9 - DT - N - K-TT 572 601 630 A1 (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 -DT- N - K-TT- (IRAP) 573,574 602,603 631,632 659 B1* MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT - Z-W-TT 575 604 633 B1 (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT- Z -W-TT- (IRAP) 576,577 605,606 634,635 660 B2 (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT -Z -W-TT- (IRAP)(DEG) 578 607 636 C1* MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - MAGEA3 579 608 637 C1 (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - MAGEA3 - (IRAP) 580, 581 609,610 638,639 C2* MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT - MAGEA3 - TT 582 611 640 C2 (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT - MAGEA3 - TT - (IRAP) 583,584 | 612,613 | 641,642 D1* MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT 585 614 643 D1 (SP)-MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP) 586,587 615,616 644,645 E1* MAGEA4 - DT - MAGEA9 - TT 591 620 649 E1 (SP) - MAGEA4 - DT - MAGEA9 - TT - (IRAP) 592,593 621,622 650,651 F1* MAGEA11-MAGEA3-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT 588 617 646 F1 (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT-Z - N-W-K-TT-(IRAP) 589,590 618,619 647,648 G1* Z-N-W-K-TT 596 625 654 663 G1 (SP)-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP) 594 623 652 661 G2* Z-N-W-K-TT(DEG) 597 626 655 664 G2 (SP) -Z- N -W- K-TT - (IRAP)(DEG) 595 624 653 662 (SP)-MAGEA3-TT-(IRAP) 598 627 656 (SP)-MAGEA4-TT-(IRAP) 599 628 657 (SP)-MAGEA9-TT-(IRAP) 600 629 658 In embodiments, the antigen combination is provided by at least one of the RNA sequences as provided in Table 5, columns E or F, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably the RNA, that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 630-664, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. Suitably, the RNA sequence compnses a 5' terminal cap sbucture, preferably a cap1 structure. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably the RNA, that compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 630-664, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, wherein the respective sequences compn'se modified U nucleotides (Nl-methylpseudouridine (mlip)), preferably wherein each Uracil in the sequence is m 14;. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably an mRNA, that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 630-636,652-655,659-664, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. Suitably, the RNA sequence comprises a 5' terminal cap structure, preferably a cap1 structure. Optionally, the RNA sequence comprise modified D nucleotides (Nl-methylpseudouridine (m1qj)), preferably wherein each Uracil in the sequence is m1ip. In embodiments, the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5), preferably at least two RNA molecules (e.g., 2, 3,4, 5) as defined herein, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably the at least two RNA molecules, collectively encode the combination of antigens as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises at least two or three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two or three RNA molecules, that collectively encode the combination of antigens preferably as multi-antigen proteins as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, compnsing a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identi'cal to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences; and - a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. In particulariy preferred embodiments, the combination compn'ses two nucleic acid molecules, preferably two RNA molecules, comprising -a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or van'ant thereof. In preferred embodiments, the combination comprises at least three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least three RNA molecules, comprising a (first) nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or vanant of any of these sequences; and a (second) nucleic acid molecule that compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences; and a (third) nucleic acid molecule that comprises or a3nsists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661 , or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. In equally preferred alterative embodiments, the combination comprises at least three nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least three RNA molecules, compnsing a (first) nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or vanant of any of these sequences; and a (second) nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or vanant of any of these sequences; and a (third) nucleic acid molecule that asmprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. In particularly preferred embodiments, the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that compn'ses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof; and -a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or variant thereof. In particulariy preferred embodiments, the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 653, or a fragment or variant thereof. In particularly preferred alternative embodiments, the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 659, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comphses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 661, or a fragment or variant thereof. In particulariy preferred alternative embodiments, the combination compnses three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 659, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; and - a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 660,or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 662, or a fragment or variant thereof. In various embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules of the invention are formulated, which is outlined in detail below. Formulation/Complexation In the following, suitable features and embodiments referring to formulation and/or complexation of the at least one nucleic acid molecule (e.g. RNA) of the invention are described in detail. Notably, said features defining formulations and/or complexations may apply to any aspect of the invention (e.g. combination, composition, kit, medical uses). In various embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, is formulated with at least one phamnaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is complexed or associated with at least one further compound to obtain a formulated composition. A formulation may have the function of a transfection agent and/or may protect the nucleic acid molecules from in vivo or in vitro degradation. Suitably, a compound for formulation is selected from peptides, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, polymers, or combinations thereof. In embodiments where the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules (e.g. each encoding a different antigens), the at least two nucleic acid molecules are co-formulated or formulated separately. In embodiments, the composition compn'ses at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, that are co-formulated and contained in one pharmaceutical composition. Accordingly, in embodiments where the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, the at least two RNA molecules of the combination (each preferably encoding a multi-antigen protein as defined herein, preferably A1 and B1) are co-formulated (e.g., in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, in particular, an LNP as defined herein) and contained in one pharmaceutical composition. In embodiments, the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, that are formulated separately and contained in one pharmaceutical composition. Accordingly, in embodiments where the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, the at least two RNA molecules of the combination (each preferably encoding a multi- antigen protein as defined herein, preferably A1 and B1) are formulated separately (e.g., in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, in particular, an LNP as defined herein) and, after formulation, combined to be contained in one pharmaceutical composition. In embodiments, the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, that are formulated separately and contained in separate pharmaceutical composition. Accordingly, in embodiments where the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, the at least two RNA molecules of the combination (each preferably encoding a multi-antigen protein as defined herein, preferably A1 and B1) are formulated separately (e.g., in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, in particular, an LNP as defined herein) and, after formulation, contained in separate pharmaceutical compositions. In specific embodiments, the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, wherein two nucleic acid molecules are co-formulated or separately formulated and contained in one pharmaceutical composition (e.g. encoding a multi-antigen protein as defined herein, preferably A1 and B1), and wherein one nucleic acid molecule is separately formulated and contained in a separate pharmaceutical composition (e.g. encoding a multi-antigen protein as defined herein, preferably G1 or G2). In specific embodiments, the combination compnses three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, wherein the three nucleic acid molecules (e.g. each encoding a multi-antigen protein as defined herein, preferably A1 and B1 and (G1 orG2)) are separately formulated and contained in separate pharmaceutical compositions. In embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, is formulated with at least one cationic or polycationic compound. In that context, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is preferably complexed or associated with or at least partially complexed or partially associated with one or more cationic or polycationic compound. Suitably, the at least one cationic or polycationic compound may be selected from a cationic or polycationic polymer, a cationic or polycationic polysaccharide, a cationic or polycationic lipid, a cationic or polycationic protein, a cationic or polycationic peptide, or any combinations thereof. Preferably, the at least one cationic or polycationic compound is selected from a cationic or polycationic lipid. Further cationic or polycationic compounds may be selected from p.88, line 24 to p.89, line 10 in W02021156267, the respective disclosure herewith incorporated by reference. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, is formulated in a lipid-based carrier. The term "lipid-based carrier" encompasses lipid-based delivery systems for nucleic acid molecule, preferably RNA, that comprise a lipid component. A lipid-based carrier may additionally comprise other components suitable for formulating a nucleic acid molecule including a cationic or polycationic polymer, polysaccharide, protein, peptide, or any combinations thereof. The at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, may completely or partially be incorporated or encapsulated in a lipid-based earner, wherein the at least one nucleic acid may be located in the interior space of the lipid-based carrier, within the lipid layer/membrane of the lipid-based earner, or associated with the exterior of the lipid-based carrier. The incorporation of nucleic acid into lipid-based carriers may be referred to as "encapsulation". The term "encapsulation" as used herein refers to the essentially stable combination of nucleic acid molecules such as RNA with one or more lipids to form larger complexes or assemblies such as lipid-based carriers, preferably without covalent binding of the nucleic acid. The encapsulated nucleic acid can be completely or partially located in the interior of the lipid-based carrier (e.g. the lipid portion and/or an interior space) and/or within the lipid layer/membrane of the lipid- based carriers. Without wishing to be bound to theory, the purpose of encapsulating nucleic acid molecules such as RNA into lipid-based carriers may be to protect the nucleic acid from degradation in vivo an/or in vitro. Moreover, incorporating nucleic acid molecules such as RNA into lipid-based earners can promote the uptake of the nucleic acid molecule and its release from the endosomal compartment, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect of the nucleic acid molecule, particularly, when administered to a cell or a subject. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier is selected from a lipid nanoparticle (LNPs), a liposome, a lipoplex, a solid lipid nanoparticle, a lipo-polyplex, and/ora nanoliposome. In particularly preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier is a lipid nanoparticle (LNPs). LNPs are microscopic lipid particles typically having a solid or partially solid core. Typically, an LNP does not comprise an interior aqua space sequestered from an outer medium by a bilayer. In an LNP, the nucleic acid is typically encapsulated in the lipid portion of the LNP, enveloped by some or the entire lipid portion of the LNP. An LNP may comprise any lipid capable of forming a particle to which the nucleic acid such as the RNA may be attached, or in which the nucleic acid such as the RNA may be encapsulated. In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprises at least one or more lipids selected from at least one aggregation-reducing lipid, at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid, or at least one steroid or steroid analogue, or any combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprise (i) at least one aggregation-reducing lipid, (ii) at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, (iii) at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid, (iv) and at least one steroid or steroid analogue. In other embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprises (i) an aggregation-reducing lipid, (ii) a cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, (iii) two different neutral lipids or phospholipids, and (iv) a steroid or steroid analogue. Aggregation reducing lipids /polymer coniuaated lipids In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprises at least one aggregation reducing lipid or aggregation reducing moiety. The term "aggregation reducing moiety" refers to a molecule comprising a moiety suitable of reducing or preventing aggregation of the lipid-based earner, preferably the LNP. The term "aggregation reducing lipid" refers to a molecule comprising both a lipid portion and a moiety suitable of reducing or preventing aggregation of the lipid-based carriers. Under storage conditions or during formulation, the lipid-based carriers such as LNPs may undergo charge-induced aggregation, a condition which can be undesirable for the stability of the lipid-based carriers. Therefore, it can be desirable to include a compound or moiety which can reduce aggregation, e.g. by sterically stabilizing the lipid-based carriers. Such a steric stabilization may occur when a compound having a sterically bulky but uncharged moiety that shields or screens i the charged portions of a lipid-based carriers from close approach to other lipid-based carriers. Stabilization of the lipid- based carriers, preferably the LNPs, may be achieved by including lipids which may compnse a lipid bearing a sterically bulky group which, after formation of the lipid-based carrier, is preferably located on the exterior of the lipid-based earner. Suitable aggregation reducing groups may include hydrophilic groups, e.g. monosialoganglioside GM1, polyamide oligomers (PAO), or certain polymers, such as poly(oxyalkylenes), e.g., poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(propylene glycol). In preferred embodiments, the aggregation reducing lipid is selected from a polymer conjugated lipid. Lipids comprising a polymer as aggregation reducing group are herein referred to as "polymer conjugated lipid". The term "polymer conjugated lipid" refers to a molecule compnsing both a lipid portion and a polymer portion, wherein the polymer is suitable of reducing or preventing aggregation of lipid-based carriers comprising the nucleic acid. A polymer has to be understood as a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. A suitable polymer in the context of the invention may be a hydrophilic polymer. An example of a polymer conjugated lipid is a PEGylated or PEG-conjugated lipid. In embodiments, the polymer conjugated lipid is selected from a PEG-conjugated lipid ora PEG-free lipid. In preferred embodiments, the polymer conjugated lipid is a PEG-conjugated lipid (or PEGylated lipid, PEG lipid). The average molecular weight of the PEG moiety in the PEG- conjugated lipid may range from 500 to 8,000 Daltons (e.g., from 1,000 to 4,000 Daltons). In one preferred embodiment, the average molecular weight of the PEG moiety is about 2,000 Daltons. In embodiments, the PEG-conjugated lipid is selected or derived from 1,2-dimynstoyl-rac-glycero-3- methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000 (PEG2000 DMG or DMG-PEG 2000). In other embodiments, the PEG-conjugated lipid, is selected or derived from C10-PEG2K, or Cer8-PEG2K. In preferred embodiments, the polymer conjugated lipid, e.g. the PEG-conjugated lipid, is selected or derived from formula (IV) of W02018078053, preferably from formula (IVa) of W02018078053. In that context, a preferred PEG-conjugated lipid is selected from ALC-0159 (2[(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide). In other preferred embodiments, the lipid-based earner, preferably the LNP, comprises an aggregation reducing lipid, wherein the aggregation reducing lipid is not a PEG-conjugated lipid. Accordingly, the aggregation reducing lipid may suitably be selected from a PEG-free lipid, e.g. a PEG-free polymer conjugated lipid. In preferred embodiments, the aggregation reducing lipid is a PEG-free lipid that compnses a polymer different from PEG. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carriers, preferably the LNPs, do not comprise a PEG-conjugated lipid. A PEG-free lipid in the context of the invention may be selected or derived from a "POZ-lipid". In preferred embodiments, the "POZ lipids" or respectively preferred polymer conjugated lipids are described in W02023031394, the full disclosure herewith incorporated by reference. In particular, the disclosure relating to polymer conjugated lipids as shown in any one of claims 1 to 8 ofW02023031394 is incorporated by reference. In embodiments, the polymer conjugated lipid is a PEG-free lipid selected from a POZ-lipid. Accordingly, in embodiments, the polymer asnjugated lipid is a "POZ-lipid", which preferably is defined as a compound according to formula (POZ): [hi] - [linker] - [M], wherein [H] is a homopolymer moiety comprising at least one polyoxazoline (POZ) monomer unit wherein R is C1-9 alkyl or C2-9 alkenyl, preferably C1 ,and n has a mean value ranging from 2 to 200, preferably from 20 to 100, more preferably from 24 to 26 or 45 to 50; [linker] is an optional linker group; [M] is a lipid moiety. In preferred embodiment in the context of POZ-lipids, the aggregation-reducing lipid is selected or derived from PMOZ1, PMOZ 2, PMOZ 3, PMOZ 4, or PMOZ 5 ofW02023031394. In preferred embodiments, the aggregation-reducing lipid is selected or derived from PMOZ4 according to or derived from the following formula: Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the at least one aggregation-reducing lipid is selected from DMG-PEG 2000, C10- PEG2K, Cer8-PEG2K, or a POZ-lipid such as PMOZ4. In other preferred embodiments, the at least one aggregation- reducing lipid is selected from ALC-0159. Cationic lipids In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprises at least one cationic or ionizable lipid. The cationic or ionizable lipid may be cationisable or ionizable, i.e. it may become protonated as the pH is lowered below the pK of the ionizable group of the lipid but is progressively more neutral at higher phi values. At pH values below the pK, the lipid is then able to associate with negatively charged nucleic acids. In certain embodiments, the cationic lipid comprises a zwitterionic lipid that assumes a positive charge on phi decrease. In embodiments, the cationic or ionizable lipid my carry a net positive charge at physiological pH. Preferably the cationic or ionizable lipid comprises a quaternary nitrogen group or tertiary nitrogen group, preferably a tertiary nitrogen group. Accordingly, the at least one cationic or ionizable lipid may be selected from an amino lipid. Preferably, the at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid is selected from an amino lipid, preferably wherein the amino lipid comprises a tertiary amine group. In preferred embodiments, the at least one cationic or ionizable lipid is a lipid selected or derived from formula (111-1 ) preferably, wherein one of L1 or L2 is -0(C=0)-, -(C=0)0-, -C(=0)-, -0-, -3(0)x-, -S-S-, -C(=0)S-, SC(=0)-, -NRaC(=0)- , -C(=0)NRa-, -NRaC(=0)NRa-, -OC(=0)NRa- or -NRaC(=0)0-, and the other of L1 or L2 is -0(C=0)-, -(C=0)0-, - C(=Q)-, -0-, -3(0)x-, -S S-, -C(=0)S-, SC(=0)-, -NRaC(=0)-, -C(=0)NRa-, -NRaC(=0)NRa-, -OC(=0)NRa- or - NRaC(=0)0- or a direct bond; G1 and G2 are each independently unsubstituted C1-C12 alkylene or C1-C12 alkenylene; G3 is C1-C24 alkylene, C1-C24 alkenylene, C3-C8 cycloalkylene, C3-C8 cycloalkenylene; Ra is H orC1-C12 alkyl; R1 and R2 are each independently C6-C24 alkyl or C6-C24 alkenyl; R3 is H, OR5, CN, C(=0)OR4, OC(=0)R4 or - NR5C(=0)R4; R4 is C1-C12 alkyl; R5 is H orC1-C6 alkyl; and x is 0,1 or 2. In embodiments, cationic or ionizable lipids may be selected from lipids disclosed in W02018078053 (i.e. lipids of formula I, II, and III of W02018078053, or lipids as specified in claims 1 to 12), the disclosure of W02018078053 hereby incorporated by reference. In that context, lipids disclosed in Table 7 of W02018078053 (e.g. lipids of formula 1-1 to 1-41), and lipids disclosed in Table 8 of W02018078053 (e.g. lipids of formula 11-1 to II-36) may be suitably used in the context of the invention. Accordingly, formula 1-1 to formula 1^1 and formula 11-1 to formula II-36 of W02018078053, and the specific disclosure relating thereto, are herewith incorporated by reference. In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier comprises at least one cationic lipid selected or derived from structures 111-1 to III- 536 of Table 9 of published PCT patent application W02018078053. Accordingly, formula 111-1 to III-36 ofW02018078053, and the specific disclosure relating thereto, are herewith incorporated by reference. In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier compnses a cationic lipid selected or derived from formula 111-3 of W02018078053. A preferred lipid of said formula 111-3 has the chemical term ((4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis (hexane-6,1<liyl)bis(2- hexyldecanoate)), also referred to as ALC-0315, i.e. CAS Number 2036272-55-4. 10 Further suitable cationic lipids may be selected or derived from cationic lipids according to PCT claims 1 to 14 of W02021123332, or Table 1 of W02021123332, the disclosure relating to claims 1 to 14 or Table 1 ofW02021123332 herewith incorporated by reference. Accordingly, suitable cationic lipids may be selected or derived from cationic lipids according to Compound 1 to Compound 27 (C1-C27) of Table 1 ofW02021123332. In embodiments, the lipid-based carriers comprise a cationic lipid selected or derived from (COATSOME®SS-EC) SS- 1533/4PE-15 (see C23 in Table 1 of W02021123332). In other embodiments, the lipid-based earners comprise a cationic lipid selected or derived from HEXA-C5DE-PipSS (see C2 in Table 1 of W02021123332). In other embodiments, the lipid-based carriers a3mphse a cationic lipid selected or derived from compound C26 (VitE-C4DE-Pif>-thioether) as disclosed in Table 1 of W02021123332. In other embodiments, the lipid-based earner compnses a cationic lipid selected or derived from 9-hleptadecanyl 84(2-0 hydroxyethyl)[6-oxo-6-(undecyloxy)hexyl]amino}octanoate, also referred to as SM-102. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, compnses a cationic lipid selected or derived from above mentioned compound C26, SM-102, SS-33/4PE-15, or HEXA-CSDE-PipSS. In other preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprise a cationic lipid selected or derived from ALC-0315. 5 Neutral Uoids In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprises at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid. The term "neutral lipid" refers to any lipid species that exist in either an uncharged or neutral zwitterionic form at physiological pH. Neutral lipids may be selected from DHPC, DHPC, DOPC, DPPC, DOPG, DPPG, DOPE, POPC, POPE, DOPE-mal, DPPE, DMPE, DSPE, 16-0-monomethyl PE, 16-0<limethyl PE, 18-1-trans PE, SOPE, transDOPE,01,2<liphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPhyPE), DPhyPS (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L- serine), or mixtures thereof. In embodiments, the at least one neutral lipid is selected or derived from DSPC, DHPC, DPhyPE, or DPhyPS. Preferred in that context is DSPC. In other embodiments, the at least one neutral lipid is selected or derived from DPhyPE and/or DphyPS. In other embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, compnses DPhyPE and DPhyPS. Steroids, steroid analoas or sterols In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprises a steroid, steroid analog or sterol. In embodiments, the steroid, steroid analogue or sterol is derived or selected from cholesterol, cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), or any derivate of these. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier compnses cholesterol. Upid-based carrier compositions In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises (i) at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, preferably as defined herein; (ii) at least one (or two different) neutral lipids or phospholipids, preferably as defined herein; (iii) at least one steroid or steroid analogue, preferably as defined herein; and (iv) at least one aggregation reducing lipid, preferably as defined herein; wherein the lipid-based earner preferably encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses (i) a cationic lipid selected or derived from ALC-0315; (ii) a neutral lipid selected or derived from DSPC; (iii) a steroid or steroid analogue selected or derived from cholesterol: and (iv) an aggregation reducing lipid selected or derived from ALC-0159; wherein the lipid-based earner preferably encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In other preferred embodiments, the lipid-based earner, preferably the LNP, comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses (i) a cationic lipid selected from compound C26 (VitE-C4DE-Pip-thioether); (ii) a neutral lipid selected from DPhyPE and a neutral lipid selected from DPhyPS; (iii) a steroid or steroid analogue selected from cholesterol; and (iv) an aggregation reducing lipid selected from a POZ-lipid, preferably from PMOZ 4; wherein the lipid-based carrier preferably encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In embodiments, the cationic lipid, the neutral lipid, the steroid or steroid analogue, and/or the aggregation reducing lipid are combined at various relative ratios. In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, comphse (i) to (iv) in a molar ratio of about 20-60% cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, about 5-25% neutral lipid, about 25-55% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 0.5-15% aggregation reducing lipid e.g. polymer conjugated lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carriers, preferably the LNPs, compnse (i) to (iv) in a molar ratio of about 45- 55% cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, about 5-15% neutral lipid, about 35-45% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 0.5- 2.5% aggregation reducing lipid e.g. polymer conjugated lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In more preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carriers, preferably the LNPs, comprise (i) to (iv) in a molar ratio of about 47-51% cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, about 8-12% neutral lipid, about 38-42% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 0.75-1.75% aggregation reducing lipid e.g. polymer conjugated lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises (i)thecationiclipidALC-0315; (ii) the neutral lipidDSPC; (iii) the steroid or steroid analogue cholesterol; and (iv) the aggregation reducing lipid ALC-0159, preferably wherein i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 47.4% cationic lipid, about 10% neutral lipid, about 40.9% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 1.7% aggregation reducing lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In other preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP comprising the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably RNA, compnses (i) the cationic lipid C26 (VitE-C4DE-Pip-thioether); (ii) the neutral lipid DPhyPE and the neutral lipid DPhyPS; (iii) the steroid or steroid analogue cholesterol; and (iv) the aggregation reducing lipid PMOZ4, preferably wherein i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 49% cationic lipid, about 10% neutral lipid, about 40% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 1% aggregation reducing lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. The amount of lipid comprised in the lipid-based earners such as LNPs may be selected taking the amount of the nucleic acid cargo into account. In one embodiment, these amounts are selected such as to result in an N/P ratio of the lipid-based carriers comprising the nucleic acid (e.g. RNA) in the range of about 0.1 to about 20. The N/P ratio is defined as the mole ratio of the nitrogen atoms ("N") of the basic nitrogen-containing groups of the lipid to the phosphate groups ("P") of the nucleic acid which is used as cargo. The N/P ratio may be calculated on the basis that, for example, 1|jg RNA typically contains about 3nmol phosphate residues, provided that the RNA exhibits a statistical distribution of bases. The "N"-value of the lipid or lipidoid may be calculated on the basis of its molecular weight and the relative content of permanently cationic and - if present - cationisable groups. In embodiments, the N/P ratio can be in the range of about 1 to about 50. In preferred embodiments, the range is from about 5 to about 20. In some embodiments, the N/P ratio is at about 17. In some embodiments, the N/P ratio is at about 14. In some embodiments, the N/P ratio is at about 6. In various embodiments, the lipid-based carrier as defined herein such as the LNP as defined herein has a defined size (particle size, homogeneous size distribution). The size of a lipid-based carrier such as an LNP is typically described herein as Z-average size. The term "Z-average size" refers to the mean diameter of particles as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with data analysis using the so- called cumulant algorithm, which provides as results the so-called Z-average with the dimension of a length, and the polydispersity index (PDI), which is dimensionless. The term "dynamic light scattering" or "DLS" refers to a method for analyzing particles in a liquid, wherein the liquid is typically illuminated with a monochromatic light source and wherein the light scattered by particles in the liquid is detected. Suitable DLS protocols and instruments are known in the art. In embodiments, the lipid-based earner, preferably the LNP, has a Z-average size of less than 400nm, preferably less than 300nm, more preferably less than 200nm. In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based earner, preferably the LNP, has a Z-average size ranging from about 50nm to about 200nm, preferably about 50nm to about 150nm, more preferably about 50nm to about120nm. Preferably, the combination comprises less than about 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% lipid-based carriers that have a particle size exceeding about 500nm. Preferably, the combination comprises less than about 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% LNPs that have a particle size smaller than about 20nm. In embodiments, the lipid-based carrier exhibits a zeta potential in the range of -50 mV to +50 mV, preferably -25 mV to +25 mV, more preferably -10 mV to +10 mV, most preferably -5 mV to +5 mV. In embodiments, the polydispersity index (PDI) of the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. In preferred embodiments, the polydispersity index (PDI) value is less than about 0.3, preferably of less than about 0.2. Typically, the PDI is determined by dynamic light scattering. In embodiments, at least 70%, 80%, 90%,95% of the nucleic acid molecules is encapsulated in lipid-based carriers such as LNPs. The percentage of encapsulation may be determined by a RiboGreen assay as known in the art. In embodiments, the plurality of lipid-based carriers have a lamellar morphology and/or a bilayer morphology. In embodiments, at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the lipid-based earners have a spherical morphology. In preferred embodiments, the surface of the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP, is uncharged at pH 7. In particulariy preferred embodiments, the combination according to the invention comprises a first component that comprises an RNA (a first RNA) comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as described herein; and a second component that compnses an RNA (a second RNA) comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as described herein; wherein the first and second component are separate formulations that are contained in separate compositions, or separate formulations that are combined in one composition. Therein, the first and the second RNA are preferably not identical. In alternative embodiments, the combination comphses an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated in a lipid-based carrier described herein and contained in one composition. In further preferred embodiments, the combination additionally comprises - a further component that comprises an RNA compnsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as described herein; wherein the further component is a separate formulation that is contained in a separate composition. In preferred embodiments, the combination compn'ses - a first component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and a second component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and wherein the first and the second component are separate formulations that are contained in separate compositions (herein referred to "formulation A1" and "formulation B1"). In equally preferred embodiments, the combination compnses a first component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and a second component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and wherein the first and the second component are separate formulations that are combined in one composition (herein referred to "forTrulation (A1 )(B1)"). In equally preferred embodiments, the combination compnses an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or vanant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; and wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein, and are contained in one composition (herein referred to "formulation (A1 +B1 )"). In preferred embodiments, the combination additionally comprises a further component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; or a further component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; wherein the further component is a separate formulation that is contained in a separate composition (herein referred to "formulation G"). Accordingly, the combination may comprise the following compositions as separate entities (i) formulation A1 and (ii) formulation B1 and (iii) formulation G; (i) formulation (A1)(B1) and (ii) formulation G; or (i) formulation (A1+B1) and (ii) formulation G; Suitably, upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the combination of antigens as defined herein is produced in an amount sufficient for inducing an antigen specific immune response in said cell, tissue, or subject. Suitably, upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an increased immunogenicity in the cell, tissue, or subject. Suitably, upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in the subject. Suitably, upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response in the subject. Suitably, upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce humoral immunity, e.g. antibody titers and/or increased variety of antibody species against the encoded tumour antigens in the subject. Suitably, upon administration of the combination, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and increase IFN-gamma production by CD8+ T cells upon exposure to the encoded tumour antigens in the subject. Suitably, administration of the combination tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and increase the presentation of the encoded tumour antigens on MHC molecules in the subject The term "presentation" of the encoded polypeptide or peptide (e.g. tumour antigens) relates to higher amount and/or vanety of immunogenic and/or stable peptides presented via MHC class I and II molecules after protein degradation by the proteasomal machinery, and thus cellular immunity, e.g. T cell activation based thereon. The presentation of the encoded polypeptide or peptide on MhlC class I and II molecules is increased on cells, comprising immune cells (e.g., T cells), antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages, engineered antigen-presenting cells), MHC class I- expressing cells, MhlC class 11-expressing cells, or any combination thereof. For example, the administration of the combination results in increased immunogenicity and/or presentation on MHC molecules of the encoded combination of tumour antigens that is increased by between about 0.1% and about 100% (e.g., about 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or about 100%) when compared to a subject that has not received the combination. Suitably, the administration of the combination results in immunogenicity and/or presentation on MHC molecules of the encoded combination of tumour antigens that is increased by about 2-fold to about 100-fold (e.g., about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5- fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 12-fold, 14-fold, 16-fold, 18-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 70-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, or about 100-fold) when compared to a subject that has not received the combination. In embodiments, the administration is an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous administration, preferably an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous injection, more preferably an intramuscular injection. Further components of the combination The combination of the first aspect may compnse further components as defined in the following. In some embodiments, the combination compnses as one or more separate components at least one further pharmaceutically active ingredient. Preferably the combination compnses at least one checkpoint inhibitor, preferably as described herein, and/or at least one chemotherapeutic agent, wherein the at least one chemotherapeutic agent is preferably a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, preferably as described herein with regard to the medical use of the combination. In preferred embodiments, the combination additionally comprises at least one checkpoint inhibitor as further component. The checkpoint inhibitor is preferably comprised in a separate component of the combination, for example, a separate composition such as a separate pharmaceutical composition. In preferred embodiments in that context, the checkpoint inhibitor is a PD-1 (Programmed Death-1) pathway inhibitor. As used herein, a PD-1 pathway inhibitor may be any inhibitor compound targeting any member of the PD-1 signalling pathway, preferably targeting PD-1, PD-L1 (Programmed Death-Ligand 1) or PD-L2 (Programmed Death-Ligand 2). In the context of the present invention, the PD-1 pathway inhibitor may be an antibody, preferably an antagonistic antibody or a nucleic acid-encoded antibody (intrabody), more preferably an antagonistic antibody, an siRNA, an antisense RNA, a protein comprising (or a nucleic acid coding for) an amino acid sequence capable of binding to PD-1 but preventing PD- 1 signalling (e.g. a fusion protein of a fragment of PD-L1 orPD-L2 and the Fc part of an immunoglobulin), a soluble protein (or a nucleic acid coding for a soluble protein) competing with membrane-bound PD-1 for binding of its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2; or a small molecule inhibitor capable of inhibiting PD-1 pathway signaling. In preferred embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an anti PD-1 antibody, an anti PD-L1 antibody or an anti PD-L2 antibody, preferably an anti PD-1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody. i In a particulariy preferred embodiment, the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is an antibody (or a nucleic acid coding for an antibody) directed against PD-1, preferably an antibody specifically binding to the extracellular domain of PD-1 and thereby inhibiting PD-1 signalling. Preferably, such an antagonistic antibody binds close to the PD-L1 binding site on PD-1, thus inhibiting the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1. Particulariy preferred is an antibody directed against PD1, preferably selected from the group consisting of Nivolumab (Opdivo), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), Cemiplimab (Libtayo), Sintilimab (Tyvyt) and Tonpalimab (Tuoyi), preferably Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab. Most preferably, the checkpoint inhibitor is Pembrolizumab. In further preferred embodiments, the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is an antibody (or a nucleic acid coding for an antibody) directed against a PD-1 ligand, preferably an antibody specifically binding to the extracellular domain of the PD-1 or PD-2 ligand. Preferably, such antibody binds proximal to and dismptive of the PD-1 or PD-2 binding site on the ligand. Particularly preferred is an antibody directed against PDL1, preferably selected from the group consisting ofAtezolizumab (Tecentnq), Durvalumab (Imfinzi), Avelumab (Bavencio) and Envafolimab (KN035). In alternative embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor may be an antibody directed against PDL2, preferably REGN3767 (SAR439684). 2: Composition: In a second aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens such as a combination of tumour antigens. In preferred embodiments of the second aspect, the composition comprises the combination of the first aspect. In alternative embodiments, the composition described herein comprises one or more components of the combination as described herein. These components may be referred to herein as "first", "second", "third", etc. component, which merely serves to distinguish the individual components and which does not imply any further meaning. In particular, the use of these terms does not by itself imply any particular hierarchy amongst these components or any particular order of use/administration. Accordingly, specific features and embodiments described in the context of the first aspect are likewise applicable to the second aspect. The composition according to the invention preferably compnses the at least one nucleic acid molecule or the plurality of nucleic acid molecules as described herein with respect to the combination according to the invention. The composition is preferably a pharmaceutical composition. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises at least nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes a combination of antigens compnsing at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 or a fragment or variant thereof, WDR72-2:4 or a fragment or variant thereof, KCNMB2-AS1:4 or a fragment or van'ant thereof, and NTF3-5:5 or a fragment or variant thereof. Preferably, the at least one nucleic acid molecule or the plurality of nucleic acids of the composition is characterized by any of the features or the combination of features as described herein with respect to the combination of the invention. A "composition comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule" refers to any type of composition in which the specified at I least one nucleic acid molecule encoding the antigens may be incorporated, optionally along with any further constituents, usually with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable earner or excipient. The composition may be a dry composition such as a powder, a granule, or a solid lyophilized form. Alternatively, the composition may be in liquid form, and each constituent may be independently incorporated in dissolved or dispersed (e.g. suspended or emulsified) form. Suitable antigens (amino acid sequences) and respective nucleic acid sequences encoding the antigens compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, NTF3-5:5 are deschbed in detail in the context of the first aspect. Accordingly, suitable amino acid sequences encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2- AS1:4, NTF3-5:5 may be selected from Table 1A or 1B, column BorC, or fragments or vanants of any of these. Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 1A or 1B, column D or E, or fragments or variants thereof. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the composition encodes at least one additional tumour antigen selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Suitable antigens (amino acid sequences) and respective nucleic acid sequences encoding the antigens comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 are described in detail in the context of the first aspect. Accordingly, suitable amino acid sequences from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 may be selected from Table 2, column B or C, or fragments or variants of any of these. Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 2, column D or E, or fragments or vanants thereof. In preferred embodiments, the at least one coding sequence encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one helper epitope, at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, at least one signal peptide, at least one linker, at least one degron, or a fragment or variant of any of these. Suitable further peptide or protein elements (amino acid sequences) and respective nucleic acid sequences encoding said elements are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and may preferably be selected from at least one amino acid sequences as provided in Table 3, column B or C, or fragments or variants of any of these. Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 3, column D or E, or fragments or van'ants thereof. Suitably, the antigen combination is comprised in at least one multi-antigen protein, wherein the multi-antigen protein comprises at least two antigens of the antigen combination. In embsdiments, the composition compnses at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a multi-antigen protein as defined in the context of the first aspect, preferably selected from a multi-antigen protein of design 1 as defined in the context of the first aspect, design 2 as defined in the context of the first aspect, design 3 as defined in the context of the first aspect. Suitable multi-antigen proteins (amino acid sequences) and respective nucleic acid sequences encoding said multi- antigen protein are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and may preferably be selected from at least one amino acid sequences as provided in Table 4, column C, or fragments orvanants of any of these. Suitable nucleic acid sequences in that context selected may be selected from Table 4, column D, or fragments or variants thereof. Suitable features and embodiments referring to nucleic acid molecules of the composition are described in detail (e.g. type of nucleic acid, sfructural elements, modifications, etc.) in paragraph "nucleic acid sequence features and embodiments" of the first aspect The features provided therein of course likewise apply to the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the composition of the second aspect. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA, preferably an mRNA. Suitable RNA sequences are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and are provided in Table 5 columns E or F, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, is formulated. Suitable features and embodiments referring to formulation and/or complexation of nucleic acids molecules of the composition are described in detail in paragraph "Fonnulation/Complexation" of the first aspect. The features provided therein of course likewise apply to the composition of the second aspect. In preferred embodiments, the at least one nucleic acid molecule is formulated in lipid-based carriers, preferably lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, lipoplexes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipo-polyplexes, and/ornanoliposomes, more preferably lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Suitably, the lipid-based carriers, preferably the lipid nanoparticles, comprise (i) at least one cationic or ionizable lipid, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect); (ii) at least one neutral lipids or phospholipids, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect); (iii) at least one steroid or steroid analogue, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect); and (iv) at least one aggregation reducing lipid, preferably as defined herein (see the first aspect). In preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP compnsing the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises (i) the cationic lipid ALC-0315; (ii) the neutral lipid DSPC; (iii) the steroid or steroid analogue cholesterol; and (iv) the aggregation reducing lipid ALC-0159, preferably wherein i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 47.4% cationic lipid, about 10% neutral lipid, about 40.9% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 1.7% aggregation reducing lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based earner encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. In other preferred embodiments, the lipid-based carrier, preferably the LNP compnsing the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably RNA, comprises (i) the cationic lipid C26 (VitE-C4DE-Pip-thioether); I (ii) the neutral lipid DPhyPE and the neutral lipid DPhyPS; (iii) the steroid or steroid analogue cholesterol; and (iv) the aggregation reducing lipid PMOZ4, preferably wherein i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 49% cationic lipid, about 10% neutral lipid, about 40% steroid or steroid analogue, and about 1% aggregation reducing lipid, preferably wherein the lipid-based carrier encapsulates the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA. Suitably, the lipid-based carriers, preferably the LNPs of the composition have a Z-average size in a range of about 50nm to about 200nm, preferably from about 50nm to about 150nm. In embodiments, the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: - A and B as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably A1 and B1 as defined herein (see multi- antigen protein design 2); C and D as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably C1 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); C and D as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably C2 and D1 as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 2); or - E and F as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1 ), preferably E1 and F1 as defined herein (see multi- antigen protein design 2); wherein the nucleic acid molecules are preferably formulated as defined herein, preferably in lipid-based earners. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises b/vo nucleic acid molecules, preferably two RNA molecules, wherein the two nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: A and B as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably A1 and B1 as defined herein (see multi- antigen protein design 2); wherein the nucleic acid molecules are preferably formulated as defined herein, preferably in lipid-based earners. In other preferred embodiments, the composition comprises one nucleic acid molecule, preferably one RNA molecule, wherein the one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following multi-antigen protein: G as defined herein (see multi-antigen protein design 1), preferably G1 or G1 as defined in herein (see multi- antigen protein design 2); wherein the nucleic acid molecules are preferably formulated as defined herein, preferably in lipid-based carriers. In preferred embodiments, the composition of the second aspect may compnse formulation G as defined in the context of the first aspect; formulation (A1 )(B1) as defined in the context of the first aspect; or formulation (A1+B1) as defined in the context of the first aspect. Preferably, the composition compnses a first component that comprises an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, and a second component that comprises an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, wherein the first and the second component are preferably co-fonnulated or separately formulated, more preferably co- formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based carrier, even more preferably in a lipid-based earner as defined herein. In alternative embodiments, the composition compnses at least one RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein the RNA is preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner, more preferably in a lipid-based earner as defined herein. In further preferred embodiments, the composition comphses An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are separately formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP. In other preferred embodiments, the composition comprises An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or vanant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules co-formulated in a lipid-based cameras defined herein, preferably an LNP. In other preferred embodiments, the composition compnses An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661 , or a fragment or variant thereof, or an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecule is formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP. According to further preferred embodiments, the composition comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NO: 632,or a fragment or variant thereof and an RNA according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated or separately formulated, preferably co-formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably in an LNP. In other preferred embodiments, the composition comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, wherein the RNA molecule is preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably in an LNP. Suitably, upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the combination of antigens as defined herein is produced in an amount sufficient for inducing an antigen specific immune response in said cell, tissue, or subject. Suitably, upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced, preferably in an amount sufficient for inducing an antigen specific immune response in said cell, tissue, or subject. Suitably, upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an increased immunogenicity in the cell, tissue, or subject. Suitably, upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in the subject. Suitably, upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce an epitope-specific or antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response in the subject. Suitably, upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and induce humoral immunity, e.g. antibody titers and/or increased variety of antibody species against the encoded tumour antigens in the subject. Suitably, upon administration of the composition, to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and increase IFN-gamma production by CD8+ T cells upon exposure to the encoded tumour antigens in the subject. Suitably, administration of the composition tissue, or subjed, the encoded combination of antigens is produced and increase the presentation of the encoded tumour antigens on MHC molecules in the subject. For example, the administration of the composition results in increased immunogenicity and/or presentation on MHC molecules of the encoded combination of tumour antigens that is increased by between about 0.1% and about 100% (e.g., about 0.5%, 51%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or about 100%) when compared to a subject that has not received the formulation. Suitably, the administration of the composition results in immunogenicity and/or presentation on MHC molecules of the encoded combination of tumour antigens that is increased by about 2-fold to about 100-fold (e.g., about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5- fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 12-fold, 14-fold, 16-fold, 18-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 1070-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, or about 100-fold) when compared to a subject that has not received the composition. In preferred embodiments, the administration is an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous administration, preferably an intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous injection, more preferably an intramuscular injection. 3: A peptide or protein antigen combination: In a third aspect, the invention provides a peptide or protein antigen combination. In preferred embodiments of the third aspect, the peptide or protein antigen combination comprises the antigens encoded 15 by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention as defined in the context of the first and/or second aspect. Accordingly, specific features and embodiments described in the context of the first and/or second aspect are likewise applicable to the third aspect. Suitable peptide or protein antigens (amino acid sequences) are described in detail in the context of the first aspect. Accordingly, suitable antigens comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-0 AS1:4, NTF3-5:5 may be selected from Table 1A or 1B, column BorC, or fragments or variants of any of these. In preferred embodiments, the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, each of which compnsed in the combination of peptide or protein antigens as specified herein, compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to anyone ofSEQ ID NOs: 136-327, 684-699, or a fragment orvanant 5 of any of these. Suitable antigens comprising an amino acid sequence peptide from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, MAGEA11 may be selected from Table 2, column B or C, or fragments or variants of any of these. I In preferred embodiments, the antigens selected from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, or MAGEA11, each of which optionally compnsed in the combination of peptide or protein antigens as specified herein, comprises or consists of at least 0 one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 556-563,673-682, or a fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the combination of peptide or protein antigens compnses at least one multi-antigen protein as defined in the context of the first aspect, preferably selected from a multi-antigen protein of multi-antigen protein design 1, multi- antigen protein design 2, or multi-antigen protein design 3. Suitable multi-antigen proteins (amino acid sequences) are described in detail in the context of the first aspect and may preferably be selected from at least one amino acid sequences as provided in Table 4, column C, or fragments or vanants of any of these. Accordingly, the invention provides a multi-antigen protein that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 572-600, or an immunogenic fragment or variant of any of these, preferably SEQ ID NOs: 574, 577,594,595, or an immunogenic fragment or variant of any of these. In embodiments, the peptide or protein antigen combination as defined herein is formulated in at least one pharmaceutical carrier as defined herein to obtain a pharmaceutical composition. 4: A kit or kit of parts: In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a kit or kit of parts comprising at least one of the therapeutic agents of the foregoing aspects. Notably, features and embodiments described in the context of the first aspect (the combination) or the second aspect (pharmaceutical composition) or the third aspect (peptide or protein antigen combination) must be read on and must be understood as suitable embodiments of the kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect. In embodiments, the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components, preferably in different containers/vials: i) at least one combination as defined in the first aspect; and/or ii) at least one pharmaceutical composition as defined in the second aspect; and/or iii) at least one peptide or protein antigen combination as defined in the third aspect. In embodiments, the kit the following components, preferably in different containers/vials: i) component A that provides antigens comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 , WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably wherein the antigens are provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention, wherein said component does not comprise an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11; ii) at least one further component that provides the antigens comprising at least one amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11, preferably wherein the antigens are provided by the at least one nucleic acid molecule of the invention, wherein said component optionally comprises an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2- AS1:4,and/orNTF3-5:5. In embodiments in that context, the antigens comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5 are provided in form of a multi-antigen protein as defined herein. In embodiments in that context, the antigens comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 are provided in form of a multi-antigen protein as defined herein. In embodiments, the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components, preferably in different containers/vials: component A: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein G (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein G1 or G2 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect); component B: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein A (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein A1 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect); - component C: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein B (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein B1 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect). Preferably, in that context, the kit or kit of parts compnses the following components in different containers/vials: component A: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652-653 or 661-662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; component B: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; and component C: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based cameras defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein. In other embodiments, the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components, preferably in different containersA/ials: component A: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein G (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein G1 or G2 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect); component B: at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein A (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein A1 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect) and at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA, encoding multi-antigen protein B (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 1 of the first aspect), preferably encoding multi-antigen protein B1 (as defined in the context of multi-antigen protein design 2 of the first aspect). Preferably, in that context, the kit or kit of parts comprises the following components in different containers/vials: component A: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652-653 or 661-662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein; component B: An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof, co-formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, preferably an LNP as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the component A of the kit is to be administered spatially or temporally separated from other components of the kit such as component B and/or C. As defined above, component A provides the antigens compn'sing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, but does not provide an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11. A spatially and/or temporally separated administration of component A from other components of the kit such as component B and/or C may improve the immune response (e.g. T-cell responses) against antigens encoded by ZC3hl8- 6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5. Without wishing to be bound to theory, antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 may be immunodominant if administered at the same timepoint and/or into the same location with antigens originating from IncRNAs as defined herein. The term "temporally separated" means that the administration of component A is to be performed at a timepoint different from the administration of the other components. Suitably, component A is to be administered 1d to 180d before the administration of the other components, preferably 10d to 90d, or 20d to 60d before the administration of the other components. In preferred embodiments, component A is to be administered as a prime administration (e.g. a prime vaccination) and the other components such as component B and/or C are to be administered as one or more boost administrations (e.g. a boost vaccinations). In such embodiments, the one or more boost administrations are performed 1d to 180d after the prime administration, preferably 10d to 90d, or20d to 60d after the prime administration. The term "spatially separated" means that the adminisb-ation of component A is to be performed into different locations of a subject than the adminisb-ation of the other components. Suitably, the administration is to be performed into different limbs such as the left arm and the right arm. In preferred embodiments, the kit or kit of parts additionally comprises at least one checkpoint inhibitor, preferably an anti PD1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody, as a separate entity in a vial and/or container. In embodiments, the kit or kit of parts comprises technical instructions providing information on administration and dosage of the components. In particular, the technical instructions may define that the administration of component A is to be performed spatially and/or temporally separated from the administration of the other components such as component B and/orC. Such kits, preferably kits of parts, may be applied e.g. for any of the applications or uses mentioned herein, preferably for the use of the therapeutic agents i) to iv) for the treatment of cancer or a diseases, disorder, or condition related to cancer. 5: Medical uses: In a fifth aspect, the invention relates to the medical use of the subject matter of any of the foregoing aspects. Notably, features and embodiments described in the context of the first aspect (the combination) or the second aspect (pharmaceutical composition) or the third aspect (peptide or protein antigen combination) or the fourth aspect (kit or kit of parts) must be read on and must be understood as suitable embodiments of the present aspects (medical uses) and vice versa. In particular, it is understood that the medical use as described herein preferably comprises the administration of at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding the combination of antigens described herein with respect to the combination, (pharmaceutical) composition or the kit or kit of parts. Accordingly, the invention provides a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect, for use as a medicament e.g. for treating or preventing a disease, disorder, or condition in a subject. The medical use is preferably characterised by the administration of the (nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding the) antigens as described herein with respect to the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts, respectively. In particularly preferred embodiments, the invention concerns the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit or kit of parts described herein for medical use, wherein the use comprises the administration of an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 602 or 603, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 605 or 606, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, and optionally an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein. In further preferred embodiments, the invention concerns the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, or the kit or kit of parts described herein for medical use, wherein the use comprises the administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 631 or 632, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 634 or 635, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein, and optionally an RNA compnsing the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined herein. Preventing (inhibiting) or treating a disease relates to inhibiting the full development of a disease or condition, for example, in a subject who is at risk for a disease such as an infection or cancer. "Treatment refers to a therapeutic intervention that ameliorates a sign or symptom of a disease or pathological condition after it has begun to develop. The term "ameliorating", with reference to a disease or pathological condition, refers to any observable beneficial effect of the b-eabnent. Inhibiting a disease can include preventing or reducing the risk of the disease. The beneficial effect can be evidenced, for example, by a delayed onset of clinical symptoms of the disease in a susceptible subject, a reduction in severity of some or all clinical symptoms of the disease, a slower progression of the disease, an improvement in the overall health or well-being of the subject, or by other parameters that are specific to the particular disease. A "prophylactic" treatment is a treatment administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease or exhibits only eariy signs for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology. In preferred embodiments, the use may be for human medical purposes and for veterinary medical purposes, preferably for human medical purposes. In preferred embodiments, the use may be for human medical purposes, in particular, for young infants, newboms, immunocompromised recipients, pregnant and breast-feeding women, and elderiy people. In preferred embodiments, the use may be for human medical purposes for subjects that have cancer. In a further aspect, the invention provides a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect, for use as a medicament in treating or preventing cancer in a subject, or any disease, disorder, or condition related to cancer. As used herein, the term "cancer" refers to a neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled and usually rapid proliferation of cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metastasize to distant body sites. The term encompasses benign and malignant neoplasms. Malignancy in cancers is typically characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis; whereas benign malignancies typically have none of those properties. The terms includes neoplasms characterized by tumour growth as well as cancers of blood and lymphatic system. The term "cancer" according to the disclosure also compnses cancer metastases, e.g. cancer metastases associated with squamous cell carcinoma such as squamous non- small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a further aspect, the invention provides a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect, for use as a medicament in b-eating or preventing squamous cell carcinoma in a subject, or any disease, disorder, or condition related to squamous cell carcinoma. In a further aspect, the invention provides a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect, for use as a medicament in treating or preventing squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) in a subject, or any disease, disorder, or condition related to squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). In embodiments, the use relates to treatnent of sqNSCLC subgroups including lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC). In preferred embodiments, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is provided for use in a subject diagnosed with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC), preferably with metastatic sqNSCLC, more preferably with metastatic stage IV sqNSCLC, which is preferably not amenable for surgical or locoregional therapy. In a further aspect, the invention provides a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect, for use as a medicament in freating or preventing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a subject, or any disease, disorder, or condition related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In embodiments, the use relates to treafrnent of HPV negative HNSCC. In some embodiments in the context of treating or preventing hlNSCC, support of the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer, particulariy HNSCC, may be any combination of a conventional cancer, or sqNSCLC therapy method. The asmbination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts as described herein is provided for medical use, which may further compnse subjecting the subject to a standard therapy for treating or preventing tumor or cancer diseases, preferably for treating or preventing lung cancer, more preferably squamous NSCLC, even more preferably metastatic squamous NSCLC. Said standard therapy may be selected from any standard therapy known to be suitable for treating cancer and tumor diseases and may preferably comprise or consist of chemotherapy, e.g. first-line and second-line chemotherapy; radiotherapy; chemoradiation; tyrosine kinase inhibitors, e.g. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors; antibody therapy or checkpoint modulators. In preferred embodiments, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is provided for use in a subject diagnosed with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC), preferably with metastatic sqNSCLC, more preferably with metastatic stage IV sqNSCLC, which is preferably not amenable for surgical or locoregional therapy. In particularly preferred embodiments, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is provided for use in a subject diagnosed with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC), preferably metastatic sqNSCLC, more preferably stage IV metastatic sqNSCLC, wherein the subject receives or has received a PD-1 pathway inhibitor. Therein, the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is preferably a PD-1 pathway inhibitor as described herein, more preferably an anti-PD-1 antibody, even more preferably PembrolizumaborNivolumab. The subject may express or not express PD-1 or PD-L1. Preferably, the subject received the PD-1 pathway inhibitor for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5or6 months, more preferably at least 3 months. The subject has preferably received at least three cycles of treatment with the PD-1 pathway inhibitor, e.g. Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab. In further preferred embodiments, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is provided for use in a subject diagnosed with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC), preferably with metastatic sqNSCLC, wherein the subject receives or has received a PD-1 pathway inhibitor, preferably as described herein, more preferably an anti-PD-1 antibody, even more preferably Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab, and wherein the subject receives or has received a platinum-based chemotherapy. In this context, the term "platinum-based chemotherapy" (or "platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent) refers to a platinum-based chemotherapy (e.g. cisplatin, carboplatin) or a platinum-based combination chemotherapy (e.g. cisplatin in combination with vinorelbine, cisplatin in combination with etoposide, cisplatin in combination with gemcitabine, cisplatin in combination with taxanes, cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with premetrexed, or carboplatin in combination with taxanes, such as paclitaxel). More preferably, the subject receives or has received a combination therapy with a platinum- based compound (e.g. carboplatin) and a taxane (e.g. (nab)-paclitaxel). Preferably, the subject has received at least two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. In preferred embodiments, the subject receives or has received PD-1 pathway inhibitor treatment, preferably as described above, and optionally platinum-based chemotherapy, preferably as described above, with no documented disease progression and is preferably eligible for maintenance therapy with Pembrolizumab. Preferably, the subject has a measurable disease according to RECIST 1.1. In particularly preferred embodiments of any of the medical uses, the combination, the pharmaceutical composition, or the kit or kit of parts comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated or separately formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in herein, preferably an LNP as defined in herein. In particularly preferred embodiments of any of the medical uses, the combination, the pharmaceutical composition, or the kit or kit of parts comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652-653 or 661-662, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecule is formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in herein, preferably an LNP as defined in herein. In embodiments of any of the medical uses, the combination, a pharmaceutical composition, a peptide or protein antigen combination, and/or kit or kit of parts are administered to the subject by intramuscular, intratumoral, or intravenous administration. Preferred in the context of the invention is intramuscular administration. The administration of the combination of antigens of the invention may occur either simultaneously or timely staggered, either at the same site of administration or at different sites of administration. In preferred embodiments of any of the medical uses, the adminisfration comphses two, three, or more administrations, wherein the two, three, or more administrations are spatially or temporally separated. In preferred embodiments of any of the medical uses, the administration compnses a first administration to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1 :4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably to provide at least one multi- antigen protein G as defined herein, preferably G1 or G2 as defined herein. Preferably, the first administration does not provide any of the additional antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11. In preferred embodiments of any of the medical uses, the administration comprises one or more further administrations to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11, preferably to provide multi- antigen protein A as defined as defined herein, preferably A1 as defined herein, and/or multi-antigen protein B as defined herein, preferably B1 as defined herein. A spatially and/or temporally separated administration of antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1 :4, and NTF3-5:5 from any of the additional antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 may be advantageous. Without wishing to be bound to theory, antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 may be immunodominant if administered at the same timepoint and/or into the same location with antigens originating from IncRNAs as defined herein. The term "temporally separated" means that the first administration is performed at a timepoint different from the one or more further administrations. Suitably, that the first administration is performed 1d to 180d before the one or more further administrations, preferably 1 Od to 90d, or 20d to 60d before the one or more further administrations. In preferred embodiments, the first administration is a prime administration (e.g. a prime vaccination) to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5.-5, preferably to provide at least one multi-antigen protein G as defined herein, preferably G1 or G2 as defined herein. In preferred embodiments, the one or more further administrations are one or more boost administrations (e.g. a boost vaccinations) to boost the immune response against the antigens of the first administration (antigens encoded by ZC3H8- 6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5) and/or to provide additional antigens such as antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11. Suitably, the antigens of the one or more further administrations are provided as provide multi-antigen protein A as defined herein, preferably A1 as defined herein, and/or multi-antigen protein B as defined as defined herein, preferably B1 as defined herein. In embodiments, the one or more further administration compnses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, or more administrations. In such embodiments, the one or more further administrations, in particular, the one or more boost administrations, are performed 1d to 180d after the prime administration, preferably 10d to 90d, or20d to 60d after the prime administration. The term "spatially separated" means that the first adminisfaation may be administered into different locations of a subject than the one or more further administration. Suitably, the first administration is injected into different limbs such as the left arm and the right arm. In preferred embodiments, the antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably provided as (a nucleic acid molecule encoding) multi-antigen protein G as defined herein, more preferably G1 or G2 as defined herein, are administered into one limb, preferably into one shoulder of the subject. More preferably, the antigens from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11 as described herein, preferably provided as (a nucleic acid molecule encoding) multi-antigen protein Aas defined herein, preferably A1 as defined herein, and/or multi-antigen protein B as defined as defined herein, preferably B1 as defined herein, are administered into another limb, preferably into the opposite shoulder with respect to the administration of the antigens derived from ZC3H8-6:1, I WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, as described above. In preferred embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule encoding multi-antigen protein G1, preferably as described herein, is administered into one shoulder and two further nucleic acid molecules encoding multi-antigen proteins A1 and B1, preferably as described herein, are administered, preferably temporally separated as described herein, into the opposite shoulder. Preferably, the medical use as described herein compnses a first administration comprising administration of an RNA compnsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based cameras defined herein, and a second administration comprising administration of an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 602 or 603, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, and an RNA comphsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 605 or 606, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein. More preferably, the medical use described herein comprises a first administration comprising administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein, and a second administration comprising administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 631 or 632, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein; and an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 634 or 635, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined herein. Therein, the RNAs administered in the second adminish-ation are separately formulated and contained in separate compositions, or separately formulated and contained in one composition. Most preferably, the second or further administration is administered in the opposite limb with respect to the first adminisb-ation. In alternative embodiments, the order of administ-ation may be reversed. In preferred embodiments, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts described herein is initially administered every 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or10 days. Preferably, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is initially administered weekly. More preferably, that initial period (also referred to herein as "induction treabnent period") comprises 2,3,4,5or6 administrations, preferably administered over the course of 2,3,4,5 or 6 weeks, respectively. Most preferably, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is initially administered for four times over the course of about three to four weeks. For example, the administration may (initially) take place on days 1, 8,15 and 22. In preferred examples, the initial period (induction treatment period) is followed by a main treatment period, which is preferably characterised by longer intervals between individual administrations. Preferably, the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is administered during the main treabnent period every 2,3,4, 5 or 6 weeks, preferably every 3 weeks. More preferably, the total duration of the entire treatment period (induction treatment period + main treatment period) is at least 6, 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, 15,16, 17 or 18 months. Most preferably, the total duration of the fa-eatment is about one year. In alternative embodiments, the initial period (induction b-eatment period) is followed by a main treatment period, wherein the administration regime of the initial period is maintained over the course of the main treatment period. Administration may preferably take place on days 1, 8,15, 22, 43,64,85,106 and up to day 337 in intervals of about 3 weeks, or on days 1, 8,15,22,43,64,92,113 and up to day 344 in intervals of about 3 weeks. Exemplary administration regimes are illustrated by the diagrams in Figures 20 and 21 herein. Preferably, an administered dose of the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition or the kit or kit of parts described herein comprises at least 50, 60,70,80, 90,100,125,150,175,200,250,300,350, 400,450,500, 550 or at least GOOpg of nucleic acid molecules, more preferably of RNA. In preferred embodiments, a single administration compnses about 100,200or400|jgofRNA. In preferred embodiments, the treatment comprises the administration of a PD-1 pathway inhibitor, preferably as described herein, more preferably an anti-PD-1 antibody, most preferably Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab, wherein the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts is preferably administered prior to the PD-1 pathway inhibitor, preferably at least 20,30,40,50, 60,70,80,90,100, 110,120,130,140, 150, 160,170 or 180 minutes, more preferably at least 30 or 60 minutes before administration of the PD-1 pathway inhibitor. Therein, the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is preferably administered as per standard of care, more preferably throughout the entire treatment period. Similarly, in cases where the treatment compnses the administration of the combination, the (pharmaceutical) composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination or the kit or kit of parts in combination with chemotherapy, preferably as described herein, the chemotherapy is preferably performed as per standard of care, more preferably throughout the entire treatment period. In preferred embodiments of any of the medical uses, the use comprises the administration of a checkpoint inhibitor, preferably an anti PD1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody, as a separate entity in a vial and/or container. In preferred embodiments of any of the medical uses, the subject has cancer, in particular squamous cell carcinoma such assqNSCLCand/orHNSCC. 6: Methods of treatment: In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method of treating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition. Notably, features and embodiments described in the context of the first aspect (the combination) or the second aspect (pharmaceutical composition) or the third aspect (peptide or protein antigen combination) or the fourth aspect (kit or kit of parts) or the fifth aspect aspects (medical uses) must be read on and must be understood as suitable embodiments of the present aspects (methods of treatment). In preferred embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of fr'eating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition, wherein the method compnses applying or administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a combination of the first aspect, a pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect, a peptide or protein antigen combination of the third aspect, a kit or kit of parts of the fourth aspect. In preferred embodiments, the disease, disorder or condition is cancer, e.g. any disease, disorder or condition associated with cancer as defined herein, preferably squamous cell carcinoma, more preferably squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hlNSCC). Brief description of the figures: Figure 1 shows the design of mRNAsRI 2699, R12702 and R12711 as well as their encoded fusion proteins. All mRNAs contain the same non-coding elements (cap, 5'-UTR, 3'-UTR and poly-A tail) and differ only in the ORF. Each ORF encodes a fusion protein consisting of the CTLA-4 SP, linkers (G4S), multiple antigens [MAGE-As and smORFs (N, K, Z and W)], T-helper epitopes D and/or T, and the TM/CD of CTLA-4. A. mRNA#1 (3047 nucleotides) encodes fusion protein #1 which contains MAGE-A4, MAGE- A9, and the smORFs N and K as well as the T- helper epitopes D and T, and the CTLA-4 SP and TM/CD. B. CVHNLC mRNA#2 (3251 nucleotides) encodes fusion protein #2 which contains MAGE-A11, MAGE- A3 and the smORFs Z and W as well as the T-helper epitopes D and T, and the CTLA-4 SP and TM/CD. C. mRNA #3 (1280 nucleotides) encodes fusion protein #3 which contains the smORFs Z, N, W,and K as well as the T- helper epitope T, and the CTLA-4 SP and TM/CD. CTLA-4= cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; D= diphtheria toxoid; G4S= amino acids GGGGS; K= smORF KCNMB2AS14633753; MAGE= melanoma-associated antigen; mRNA= messenger ribonucleic acid; N= smORF lncNTF35511951417; nt= nucleotide; ORF= open reading frame; smORF= small open reading frame; SP= signal peptide; T= tetanus toxoid; TM/CD= transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain; UTR= untranslated region; W= smORF lncWDR722415641696; Z= smORF lncZC3H86163144. Figure 2 shows the transcript expression of the 4 indicated IncRNA-smORFs in healhy tissues. The entire GTEx database V8 was used to calculate transcript abundance. Black points are the median values, which are also labeled. GTEx=genotype tissue expression; lnc-K= KCNMB2AS14633753 (smORF K); lnc-N= lncNTF35511951417 (smORF N); lnc-W= lncWDR722415641696 (smORF W); lnc-Z= lncZC3H86163144 (smORF Z), MAGE= melanoma-associated antigen; RNA-seq= ribonucleic acid sequence; TPM= transcripts per million. Figure 3 shows the in vitro antigen validation of the indicated smORFs in a DC-T cell assay (further details see Example 3, Table E9-E11). PBMCs from healthy donors were used to generate immature monocyte- derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and to isolate T-cells. These immature moDCs were then loaded with smORF-specific peptide pools, maturated overnight and subsequently co-cultured with autologous T-cells for eight days. After this period, a portion of T-cells was rested overnight and used for Fluorospot (R1), while the remaining T-cells underwent another round of co-culture with autologous and peptide-loaded monocytes for an additional eight days. Similar to R1, a Fluorospot assay was subsequently used (R2). The measurement taken was the number of IFN-Y+ (Figure 3A) or GzmB+ (Figure 3B) SFU. The dSFUs were calculated based on the IFN-Y+ or GzmB+. Fluorospot results of the tested smORF- and MART-1- derived peptides in stimulation round R1 and R2 respectively (both measured as quadmplicates) and are depicted (dSFU = SFU (peptide stimulation) - SFU (DMSO control)). Recall and memory responses as defined in Example 3 are shown left and right, respectively. dSFU= delta spot forming unit(s); IFN= interferon; GzmB = Granzyme B; MART-1= melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1; moDCs= monocyte-derived dendritic cells; PBMCs= peripheral blood mononuclear cells; R1= round 1 (priming phase); R2= round 2 (reactivation phase); smORF= small open reading frame; SFU= spot forming unit(s) Figure 4 shows the estimated (individual) patient cohort coverage of the 4 smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC. To this end, patient cohort coverage based on HLA-1 was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4. The expected coverage is depicted on the y-axis; each point represents the mean coverage of a simulated cohort of 20 patients repeated 50 times. Abbreviations: HNSCC= head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; HPV= human papillomavirus; LUSC= lung squamous cell carcinoma. Figure 5 shows the estimated patient coverages for a combination of the 4 smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC. To this end, patient cohort coverage based on HLA-1 was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4. The expected coverage is depided on the y-axis; each point represents the mean coverage of a simulated cohort of 20 patients repeated 50 times. For example, if "minimum number of antigens considered" equals one, a patient is considered as covered if at least one epitope from any of the 4 smORFs is likely to bind a patient's HLA-1 (i.e. the antigen is expressed in the patient's tumour and the patient has suitable HLA-1 alleles to present the a respective epitope thereof). If "minimum number of antigens considered" equals two, a patient is considered as covered if at least two epitopes each from two different smORFs are likely to bind a patient's HLA-1, and so forth. Figure 6 shows the induction CD4 helper responses by the preferred non-cognate T helper peptides TT P32XL and DT P1XL in human PBMCs. On day 0, cryopreserved human PBMCs isolated from healthy blood donors were seeded and stimulated with GM-CSF, IL-4, and FLt3-L for APC differentiation. On day 1, LPS, R848 and I L-1 p were added to the wells to further support APC activation and enhance their capacity to stimulate T-cells. These cells were then stimulated, on the same day, with TT P32XL or DT P1XL peptide, a positive control (CEFT peptide pool), or the negative controls MOG or DMSO at a concentration of 1 |JM for 24h. From day 2, T cells were expanded with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 every 2-3 days. On day 9, T- cells were restimulated once again with the same peptides as on day 1 at 1^iM concentration for 6-7h. Monensin/Brefeldin Awere added 1h after the peptide stimulation. Subsequently, on day 10, intracellular flow cytometry staining was performed using antibodies against CDS, CD4, CDS, TNF and IFN-y. The magnitude of T cell activation was defined as percentage ofTNF+ IFN y+ cells within CD3+ / CDS-/ CD4+ T cells, and later, normalized against the DMSO values of each sample. Data are combined from four independent experiments with three donors per experiment. Statistical analyses were performed with Friedman test with Dun's multiple comparison test. *p = 0.0342, ***p = 0.0001. APC= antigen presenting cell(s); CEFT= commercially available peptide pool, includes previously-defined hlLA class 11-resfaicted T- cell epitopes from Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Influenza virus and Clostridium tetani; DT P1XL= diphtheria toxoid peptide 1 XL; FLt3-L= Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; GM-CSF= Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; h= hour(s); INF= interferon; IL= interieukin; LPS= lipopolysaccharide; MOG= myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, PBMCs= pen'pheral blood mononuclear cells; R848= Resiquimod; TNF= tumour necrosis factor TT P32XL= tetanus toxoid peptide 32 XL. Figure 7 shows the in vivo immunogenicity of the mRNA R12711 formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.1. CB6F1 hybrid mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with 5|jg LNP-formulated R12711 at day 0, 7 and 14. At day 21, mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were isolated. Splenocytes were individually restimulated with peptide librahes for each encoded smORF (15-mer libraries covering the complete antigens) or DMSO as control and analyzed by flow cytometry. The magnitude of the CD8+ (top) and CD4+ (bottom) T cell responses against the 4 encoded smORF peptides is shown as percentage of IFN- Y+ TNF+ cells of CD8+ (top) or CD4+ T cells (bottom), respectively. Median values are plotted. Figure 8 shows the estimated (individual) patient cohort coverage of MAGE-A3/A6, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A9/9B and MAGE-A11 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC. To this end, patient cohort coverage based on HLA-I was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4/7. The expected coverage is depicted on the y-axis; each point represents the mean coverage of a simulated cohort of 20 patients repeated 50 times. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 encode proteins with 96% identity (Pineda et al.2015; PMID: 25679763); MAGE-A9 and MAGE-A9B encode for an identical protein product (https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P43362/entry), resulting in a high major histocompatibility complex (MhlC)-l epitope level overlap. Therefore, the expression for MAGE-A3 was taken as a summed expression of MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6; similariy, MAGE-A9 and MAGEA-9B were also grouped. However, since vaccines encoding MAGE-A6 were not intended, in coverage estimations only overiapping epitopes comprised in both MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 were considered, i.e. epitopes that were only compnsed in MAGE-A6 were not considered. Figure 9 shows the transcript expression of the indicated MAGEs in healthy tissues. The entire GTEx database V8 was used to calculate transcript abundance. Black points are the median values which are also labeled. For the reasons specified in legend of Figure 8 the expression for MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 as well as MAGE-A9 and MAGE-A9B were summed/grouped. GTEx=genotype tissue expression; MAGE= melanoma-associated antigen; RNA-seq= ribonucleic acid sequence; TPM= transcnpts per million. Figure 10 shows the estimated patient coverages for a combination of MAGE-A3/6, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A9/9B and MAGE-A11 in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC. To this end, patient cohort coverage based on HLA-I was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4/7. The expected coverage is depicted on the y-axis; each point represents the mean coverage of a simulated cohort of 20 patients repeated 50 times. For example, if "minimum number of antigens considered" equals one, a patient is considered as covered if at least one epitope from any of the MAGEs is likely to bind a patient's HLA-1 (i.e. the antigen is expressed in the patient's tumour and the patient has suitable HLA-1 alleles to present the a respective epitope thereof). If "minimum number of antigens considered" equals two, a patient is considered as covered if at least two epitopes each from two different MAGEs are likely to bind a patient's HLA-1, and so forth. Further details in regard to MAGE-A3/A6 as well as MAGE-A9/9B as specified in legend of Figure 8. Figures 11-15 show the estimated patient coverages for a combination of the smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 alone (scenario 1) or additionally with MAGE-A3/6 (scenario 2), MAGE-A3/6/4 (scenario 3), MAGE-A3/6/4/9/9B (scenario 4) or MAGE- A3/6/4/9/9B/11 (scenario 5) in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC. To this end, patient cohort coverage based on HLA-1 was estimated using innovative algorithms further described in Example 4/7/8. The numbers above the whisker-plots depict the respective median. Further details are specified in legend of Figures 8 and 10. Figure 16 shows the in vivo immunogenicity of mRNAs R12711, R12699 and R12702 formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.2.5|jg LNP-formulated mRNA R12711 was applied to female CB6F1 hybrid mice on day -7 (m.tibialis, left) as a first administ-ation, 7 days later followed by administration of 5[jg LNP- formulated mRNAs R12699/R12702 on day 0 (m.tibialis, right), day7 (m.tibialis, left) and day 14 (m.tibialis, right). mRNA R12699 and R12207 had been formulated separately in LNPs, but were mixed at equal weight (2.5|jg mRNA each) before injection. At day 21, mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were isolated. Splenocytes were individually restimulated with peptide libranes for each encoded smORF or MAGE (15-mer libraries covering the complete antigens) or DMSO as control and analyzed by flow cytometry. The magnitude of the CD8+ T cell responses against the 4 encoded smORFs (top) and plotte MAdGE.s (bottom) is shown as percentage of IFN-Y+ TNF+ cells of CD8+ T cells. Median values are Figure 17 shows the relative amounts of fusion proteins encoded by mRNA #1 and #2 in HEK293T cells as described in Example 10. HEK293T cells were individually transfected with mRNAs #1 and #2 (see Figure 1). The fr-ansfected cells were then incubated with or without the proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomibo reduce degradation of the fusion protein and allow its accumulation. Eighteen hours post transfection, the resulting fusion proteins encoded by the CVHNLC mRNAs were measured by capillary western blot using either an antibody specific for MAGE-A4 (detecting only fusion protein #1), MAGE-A11 (detecting only fusion protein #2) or CTLA-4 (detecting both fusion proteins). Figure 18 shows the immunogenicity of CVhlNLC mRNAs-encoded antigens in vivo. The induction of CD8+ T-cell responses in mice are shown in Figure 18A and CD4+ T-cell responses in mice are shown in Figure 18B.5|jg LNP-formulated mRNA R12699 and R12702 (2.5^g each) was intramusculariy administrated to female CB6F1 hybrid mice on days 0, 6 and 13 as described in Example 12. As control irrelevant mRNA (PpLuc) was administrated in same schema. Figure 19 shows the schematic overview of the trial design. sqNSCLC = Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer SoC = Standard of Care; DL = Dose Level; RDE = Recommended Dose for Expansion Figure 20 shows the trial treatment administration schedule for the dose escalation part. D = day; W = week Figure 21 shows the tial treatment administration schedule for the optional dose expansion part. D = day; w = Week Figure 22 shows the percentage of CD137/CD8 positive and smORF epitope specific T cells after the coculture with peptide loaded or mRNA-transfected moDCs. As positive control MART1 peptides or MART1 encoding mRNA and as negative control GFP encoding mRNA was used. For further details see Example 16. Examples: In the following, examples illustrating various embodiments and aspeds of the invention are presented. However, the present invention shall not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments presented herein and should rather be understood as being applicable to other compositions or uses as for example defined in the specification. Accordingly, the following preparations and examples are given to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand and to practice the present invention. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to those described herein will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, accompanying figures and the examples below. Example 1: Preparation of nucleic acids The present example provides methods of obtaining RNAs of the invention as well as methods of generating compositions of the invention comprising nucleic acid(s), in particular RNA formulated in lipid-based earners, e.g. LNPs. Example 1.1. Preparation of DNA templates for RNAin vitro transcription DNA sequences encoding cancer antigens of the invention were prepared and used for subsequent RNA in vitro franscription reactions. Some DNA sequences were prepared by modifying the wild type or reference encoding DNA sequences by introducing a G/C optimized coding sequence for stabilization and expression optimization. Sequences were introduced into a pUC derived DNA vector to comprise stabilizing UTR sequences and a stretch of adenosines and an optional histone stem-loop (hSL). The obtained plasmid DNA templates were transformed and propagated in bactena using common protocols known in the art. Eventually, the plasmid DNA templates were extracted, purified, and lineanzed using a type II restriction enzyme. The herein used RNA constructs are provided in Table E1. Table El: RNA constructs used in the Examples RNAID Name SEQ ID NO: SEQID SEQID Protein NO: CDS NO:RNA R12699 HsCTLA4(1^0)_G4S_HsMAGEA4_G4S_HsMAGEA9_ 574 603 632 G4S_CdDTX(360-380)_G4S_HssmORF4_ G4S_smORF3_G4S_CtTETX(1170-1195)_ G4S_HsCTLA4(162-223); SP-M4-M9-DT-N-K-TT-IRAP(A1) R12702 HsCTLA4(1-40)_G4S_HsMAGEA11_ 577 606 635 G4S_HsMAGEA3(171-1109)_G4S_CdDTX(360- 380)_G4S_HssmORF6_G4S_HssmORF5_G4S_CtTET X(1170-1195)_G4S_HsCTLA4(162-223); SP-M11-M3-DT-Z-W-TT-IRAP(B1) R12711 HsCTLA4(1-40)_G4S_HssmORF6_G4S_HssmORF4_ 594 623 652 G4S_HssmORF5_G4S_HssmORF3_G4S_CtTETX(117 0-1195)_G4S_HsCTLA4(162-223); SP-Z-N-W-K-TT-IRAP(GI) smORF nomenclature see in Table E2; "A1", "B1", "G1" see "multi-antigen protein design 2" as defined herein. Table E2: smQRF nomendature usedjnTable El Abbreviation smORF SEQ ID NO: Protein smORF_3 (K) KCNMB2AS14633753 210 smORF_4 (N) lncNTF35511951417 244 smORF_5 (W) lncWDR722415641696 159 smORF_6(Z) | lncZC3H86163144 137 The RNAs R12699, R12702 and R12711 as well as the corresponding encoded fusion proteins (multi-antigen protein) are furthermore depicted in Figure 1. The elements of the multi-antigen proteins encoded in those mRNAs as well as their function are summarized in Table E3. Table E3: Oyewiew of OREelements encoded by R12699, R12702 and R12711 Element SEQID Type Function Length NO: (aa) Protein MAGE-A3(aa 2-314) 557 cancer testis antigen; full- Induction ofanti-tumoral CD8+ 313 MAGE-A4(aa2-317) 559 length protein sequence; and CD4+ T-cell responses and 316 MAGE-A9(aa2-315) 561 TAA antibody responses 314 MAGE-A11(aa 2-429) 563 428 KCNMB2AS14633753 210 small open reading frame Induction ofanti-tumoral CD8+ 38 lncNTF35511951417 244 (smORF); TAA and CD4+ T-cell responses and 72 lncWDR722415641696 159 antibody responses 42 lncZC3H86163144 137 25 Tetanus toxoid P32XL 525 Epitopes of bacterial Non-cognate T-helper epitope 26 (aa1170-1195);TT proteins for reactivation of CD4+ memory DiphthenatoxoidPIXL 524 T-cells to increase tumour- 21 (aa 360-380); DT specific T-cell response CTLA-4SP(aa1^0);SP 532 Flanking regions: Signal Protein localization 40 CTLA-4TM/CD(aa162- 533 peptide and 62 223); IRAP h-ansmembrane / cytoplasmic domain G4S 530 Non-immunogenic linker Prevention ofjunctional epitopes, 5 flexibility of fusion protein Abbreviations: aa= amino acid(s); CTLA-4= cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4; G4S= amino acids GGGGS; IRAP= immune response activating signal transduction protein; MAGE= melanoma-associated antigen; SP= signal peptide; TAA= tumour associated antigen; TM/CD= transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain Example 1.2. RNA in vitro transcription from plasmid DNA templates 5 Linearized DNA templates were used for DNA dependent RNA in vitro transcription (IVT) using T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of a sequence optimized nucleotide mixture (ATP/GTP/CTP/UTP) and cap analog (for cap1: m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG; TriLink) under suitable buffer conditions. Other constructs are produced in the presence of a nucleotide mixture comprising (ATP/GTP/CTP/NI-methylpseudouridine (m1i|J)) and a cap analog. Some mlifJ-modified constructs may comprise three stop codons. Other constructs are produced in the presence of a nucleotide mixture 10 comprising (ATP/GTP/CTP/NI-methylpseudouridine (m1ip)) and a cap analog. After RNA in vitro transcription, the obtained RNA IVT reaction was subjected to purification steps comprising RP-hlPLC. Example 1.3 Preparation of lipid-based carriers encapsulating the mRNA Example 1.3.1 LNP composition used in Example 6 The LNP composition used in Example 6 was prepared using the NanoAssemblrTM microfluidic system (Precision 15 NanoSystems Inc., Vancouver, BC) according to standard protocols which enables controlled, bottom-up, molecular self- assembly of nanoparticles via custom-engineered microfluidic mixing chips that enable millisecond mixing of nanoparticle components at a nanoliter scale. For preparation of the lipid nanoparticle composition the following excipients / lipids were used: (i) ionizable lipid: VitE-C4DE-Pip-thioether (C26) as described herein and in Table 1 of published patent application 20 W02021123332 (compound C26); (ii) cholesterol (Avanti Polar Lipids; Alabaster, AL) as described herein; (iii) neutral lipid / phospholipid "DPhyPE" (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; Avanti Polar Lipids; Alabaster, AL) as described herein; (iv) phosphatidylserine DPhyPS (1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine; Avanti Polar Lipids; Alabaster, AL, 25850408P) as described herein; and (v) a polymer conjugated lipid, PMOZ-lipid "PMOZ4", as described herein. The LNP composition was furthermore charactehzed as described in Table E4. Table E4: LNP composition used in Example 6 Lipids (mol%) N:P ratio I m/m ratio mRNA C26 Cholesterol DPhyPE | DPhyPS PMOZ (lipid:RNA) Type | Length 49 |40 7.5 2.5 1 10 32.3 R12711 1280 The lipids were solubilized in alcoholic solution (ethanol) according to standard procedures. In detail, LNPs were prepared by mixing appropriate volumes of lipid stock solutions for cholesterol, phospholipids, and polymer conjugated lipid in ethanol buffer (20mg/ml in EtOhl); the cationic lipid C26 was solubilized in 30mg/ml t-butanol and added to the ethanol premix of lipids. Subsequently, this ethanol mix of lipids was combined with an aqueous phase (50mM sodium acetate, pH 4.0) containing 1 g/l of mRNA. Bn'efly, mRNA as indicated in the working examples, was diluted to 0.05 to 0.2mg/ml in 50mM acetate buffer, phi 4. Syringe pumps were installed into inlet parts of the NanoAssemblrTM (Precision NanoSystems Inc., Vancouver, BC) and used to mix the ethanolic lipid solution with the mRNA aqueous solution at a ratio of about 1:5 to 1:3 (vol/vol) with total flow rates from about 14ml/min to about 18ml/min. The ethanol was then removed, and the external buffer replaced with PBS/sucrose buffer (phi 7.4, 75mM NaCI, 10mM phosphate, 150mM sucrose) by dialysis (Slide-A-Lyzer™ Dialysis Cassettes, ThermoFisher). Finally, the lipid nanoparticles were filtered through a 0.2pm pore sterile filter. Lipid nanoparticle particle diameter size was from about 90nm to about140nm as determined by quasi- elastic light scattering using a Malvem Zetasizer Nano (Malvem Instruments Ltd.; Malvem, UK). Example 1.3.2 LNP compositions used in Example 9 State-of-the-art LNP compositions used in Example 9 were composed of 40.9mol% cholesterol, 10mol% DSPC, 47.4mol% ALC-0315, and 1.7mol% ALC-0159. State-of-the-art LNP were prepared essentially according to the procedures described in W02015199952, W02017004143 and W02017075531. Example 2: Identification and selection of smORF antigens suitable for a LUSC/HNSCC vaccine The goal of the experiment was to identify smORFs in long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) which could be used for a vaccine against lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC, also referred as sqNSCLC) as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Discovery ofsmORFs in IncRNAs expressed in LUSC/HNSCC To discover smORFs in IncRNAs, a first set of analyses were performed. To this end, the coding potential in IncRNA sequences was predicted as an initial step. Then, a transcriptomics differential expression analysis was conducted comparing tumour expression (TCGA LUSC) vs. normal expression (GTEx W); only transcripts with a log2(Fold change) greater than 2 and an adjusted p-value less than 1 e-4 were considered for further analysis. Besides, the MHC-I binding and immunogenicity of the smORFs 8 to 11 nmers were predicted and only those smORFs predicted to bind MHC-I and having nmers with a neoim_score greater than 0.5 were kept. The immunogenicity score (neoim_score) was generated using a machine learning algorithm and reflects the probability that an epitope is immunogenic. Further, only IncRNAs were considered with evidence of translation as determined by mass spectrometry (PXD002612 - lung cancer). As a final filtering step, the IncRNAs/smORFs were kept that show low expression in normal tissue, using transcn'ptomics (GTEx W) and mass spectrometry (PXD010154). Overall, 4 particularly preferred IncRNA-smORFs were identified in the context ofLUSC: KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696and lncZC3H86163144. In a second set of analyses, the expression of those preferred 4 IncRNA-smORFs in LUSC and hlNSCC was further analyzed. In this context, the proportion of LUSC or HNSCC patients in the respective TCGA cohorts who (over)expressed a given IncRNAs was determined. For a IncRNA to be considered (over)expressed in the tumour of an individual patient, the tumour expression had to exceed a certain threshold value, which was a multiple of the expression in healthy tissue for the IncRNA in question. In a third set of analyses, further silica safety assessments were performed. Expression of smORFs in healthy tissue was re-analyzed using databases including healthy tissue database (GTExVS), human proteome database (ENSEMBL) and Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). To further supplement the normal tissue datasets, thymus transcriptomics were used (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra, amongst others identifiers SRR18012442, SRR18012429, SRR5576274). Lastly, potential smORF homology to annotated human coding genes was excluded using partial alignment against the human proteome database (ENSEMBL). Results: The extensive analyses identified 4 IncRNAs-smORFs being particularly preferred for a LUSC/hlNSCC vaccine, which are summarized in Table E5. Table E5: IncRNA-smORFs being particularly preferred for a LUSC/HNSCC vaccine TCGA IncRNA smORF Predicted smORF Proportion of patients study/ immunogenicty overexpressing indication [neoim_score] IncRNA [%] HNSCC KCNMB2-AS1:4 KCNMB2AS14633753 0.550 46 HNSCC lnc-NTF3-5:5 lncNTF35511951417 0.612 26 HNSCC lnc-WDR72-2:4 lncWDR722415641696 0.571 47 HNSCC lnc-ZC3H8-6:1 lncZC3H86163144 0.520 62 LUSC KCNMB2-AS1:4 KCNMB2AS14633753 0.550 81 LUSC lnc-NTF3-5:5 lncNTF35511951417 0.612 57 LUSC lnc-WDR72-2:4 lncWDR722415641696 0.571 56 LUSC lnc-ZC3H8-6:1 lncZC3H86163144 0.520 63 Table E6 shows examples ofhjmour expression values fTCGA mean) as well as determined expression thresholds that were used to calculate the proportion of patients who (over)express the IncRNA in a given indication. Both are given in TPMs; TPMs normalize RNAseq reads by the length of each gene and sequencing depth and are commonly used to compare expression levels in different samples. Table E6: Examples of tumour expressiorrvalues andaeeljed expression thresholds TCGA study/indication IncRNA TCGA mean FPM] Expression threshold FTPM] HNSCC lnc-NTF3-5:5 2.08 2.59857592 HNSCC lnc-WDR72-2:4 2.73 2.03960649 LUSC lnc-NTF3-5:5 4.43 2.59857592 LUSC lnc-WDR72-2:4 3.12 2.03960649 Figure 2 demonsfr'ates that the expression of the 4 particulariy preferred IncRNA/smORFs is very low or absent in a variety of healthy tissues. This was further confirmed in mass-spectrometry analyses (PXD010154; not shown). Table E7 additionally shows that the expression of the 4 particularly preferred IncRNA/smORFs was also very low or absent in the thymus. This further suggests a low likelihood for central tolerance of the peptides derived from those IncRNA-smORFs. Table E7: Expression of preferred IncRNA transcripts in the thymus IncRNA transcript DatasetSRRI 8012442 DatasetSRR18012429 DatasetSRR5576274 FTPM] [TPM] rpM] lnc-WDR72-2:4 0.171821 0 0 KCNMB2-AS1:4 0 0 0 lnc-NTF3-5:5 0 0 0 lnc-ZC3H8-6:1 0 0 0 Notably, the studies investigating a potential homology of those 4 particulariy preferred smORFs with annotated human coding genes identified no hits, supporting the hypothesis that there are no homology relationships between the smORF targets and annotated coding genes in humans. This was in contrast to another smORF that was on'ginally considered but discarded due to high similarity to a eukaryotic translation initiation factor over a 65aa stretch. Furthermore, data from mass-spectrometry studies including 57 lung cancer patients (PXD002612 - lung adenocarcinoma; LUAD) confirmed that the preferred smORFs are indeed translated. In this context, the frequency of patients where the smORFs' translated peptides could be detected in the tumour samples by mass spectrometry are given in Table E8. Table E8: Mass suectrometry analysis ofpeptides translated from IncRNA-smORFs in LUAD smORF Frequency* Indication lncZC3H86163144 30% LUAD lncWDR722415641696 13% LUAD KCNMB2AS14633753 9% LUAD lncNTF35511951417 9% LUAD *Tumour MS sample frequency: positive out of 57 samples; LUAD=lung adenocarcinoma In summary, the 4 particulariy preferred IncRNA-smORFs were shown to be frequently expressed in LUSC and HNSCC patients. Furthermore, their translational potential was confirmed. Results of the extensive in silico analyses using different data modalities (RNA-seq, Mass spectrometry), proteome and epitope databases to identify safety risks support a favorable smORF safety profile. Consequently, the analyses underlined the promise of those smORF as targets for HNSCC/LUSC vaccines. Example 3: Antigen validation of the preferred smORFs - in vitrojmmunogenicitv The goal of the experiment was to analyse the in vitro immunogenicity of the 4 preferred smORFs described in Example 2. Peptides compnsing the epitopes of interest were synthesized according to standard procedures. The amino acid sequences of the peptides are given in the respective Examples. Peptide pools as shown in Table E9 were used. Immunogenicity of test peptides was assessed using an in vitro DC-T cell assay. In this assay, cryopreserved PBMCs from multiple (healthy) donors of a series of HLA types (see donors in Table E10) were retrieved from cryo-storage and monocytes were isolated. Cultured monocytes were differentiated into immature dendritic cells (iDCs) using a cytokine cocktail (GM-CSF and IL-4). The iDCs were loaded with the test peptides and further matured with CD40L to mature dendritic cells (mDC). Subsequently, the mDCs were co-cultured with previously isolated autologous pan T cells for 8 days in the presence of a cytokine cocktail. During co-culture, the medium and cytokines were regulariy refreshed. After 8 days, the pan T cells were harvested (round 1 =R1) and re-stimulated with peptide loaded monocytes and co-cultured for another 8 days in the presence of a cytokine cocktail (round 2=R2). After round 1 and round 2, the pan T cells were harvested and re-stimulated with peptide loaded monocytes on IFN-y FluoroSpot plates. After overnight stimulation, the FluoroSpot plates were developed according to the Manufacturer's protocol. The numbers of IFN-y and granzyme B (GzmB) secreting pan T cells were measured using the Mabtech IRIS™ FluoroSpot Reader. Furthermore, moDC quality control was performed using flow cytometry. Besides the peptides of interest, appropriate negative (DMSO or a control pool of 29 peptides derived from Myelinoligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)) and positive controls (MART, CEF/CEFBA) were used. Materials need to be sterile, endotoxin levels should be below 0.1EU/mg and protein concentration s 1mg/ml. For analysis, IFNy+ and GzmB+, respectively, spot forming units (SFU) were measured with a Fluorospot assay for each R1 and R2 and the delta SFU (dSFU) was calculated as the absolute difference in spots between the tested smORF- derived peptides and the respective DMSO control condition after normalizing the SFU/well to SFU/million. While IFNy+ is secreted by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, GzmB is secreted by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to induce apoptosis in target cells. A response was considered a "recall response" if the following criteria was met: i) dSFU for R1 was at least 30, and ii) dSFU R2 was at least 2-fold higher compared to dSFU R1. A response was considered a "memory response" if the following criteria was met: i) dSFU for R1 was at least 100, and ii) dSFU R2 was 0.1-2.0 fold compared to dSFU R1. It should be noted that failure to meet the above criteria in a given condition does not necessarily mean that there was no recall or memory response. Rather, it may be that a recall or memory response was simply of a lesser magnitude than the above thresholds or incompatible with the above critena that were chosen for uniform batch analysis. Table E9: Overview of used peptide pools Pool Sequence SEQ ID NO: Source Predicted HLA Protein binding e.g. to [HLA-] A3 KEWMNAWKLTAGSHK 211 KCNMB2AS14633753 B*50:01 AWKLTAGSHKAMTRK 212 KCNMB2AS14633753 A*68:01 RCDPELCWISCEENS 213 KCNMB2AS14633753 A*01:01 WISCEENSKEWMNAW 214 KCNMB2AS14633753 B*40:02 B4 SITALSYHFYKNHIHF 245 lncNTF35511951417 A*24:02 VLNSDQNSGEMLRRNSA 247 lncNTF35511951417 A*01:01 ASTERVSEGFKDSIT 248 lncNTF35511951417 ALSYHFYKNHIHFFPPT 249 lncNTF35511951417 A*24:02 HFFPPTCPFSLSGTQAL 250 lncNTF35511951417 C5 REVQVTSIKETFLSM 160 lncWDR722415641696 A*25:01 MYVSNREVQVTSIKE 161 lncWDR722415641696 A*01:01 TFLSMGPASGLMLGC 162 lncWDR722415641696 IKETFLSMGPASGLMLG 163 lncWDR722415641696 B*57:01 D6 AYLSGQPLEATTLCQL 138 lncZC3H86163144 A*24:02 CVHAYLSGQPLEATT 139 lncZC3H86163144 A*02:10 Table E10: Ovewiew of used PBMC donors and corresponding HLA alleles Donor ID HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C D1 24:02 68:02 07:02 14:02 07:02 08:02 D2 02:01 03:01 35:01 51:01 04:01 14:02 D3 01:01 11:01 52:01 53:01 04:01 12:02 D4 02:01 03:01 27:05 51:01 01:02 01:02 D5 02:05 03:01 35:01 50:01 04:01 06:02 D6 01:01 23:01 41:01 44:02 05:01 17:01 D7 11:01 32:01 14:01 35:01 04:01 08:02 D8 01:02 24:02 18:01 49:01 07:01 12:03 D9 02:01 02:01 08:01 35:01 04:01 07:01 D10 03:01 03:01 07:02 27:05 07:02 01:02 Results: Exemplary in vitro immunogenicity results for peptide pools stated in Table E9 are shown in Figure 3 A and B. The graph shows IFN-gamma (Figure 3A) and GzmB (Figure 3B) readouts of the assay described in the present example. Recall and memory responses shown in Figure 3 A and B are furthermore summarized in Table E11. Table E11: Summary of recall and memory responses shown in Figure 3 Antigen P Ioo Amount Recall Amount Recall Amount Memory Amount Memory of recall respons of recall respons of respons of respons response e for response e for memory e for memory e for s for INFy+- s for GzmB+- response INFy+- response GzmB- INFy+ PBMC GzmB+ PBMC s for PBMC s for PBMC donors donors INF/^ donors GzmB donors KCNMB2A s A3 2 D2,D6 2 D2,D8 14633753 lncNTF355 B4 4 D2, D3, 1 D3 1 D1 1 D1 11951417 D4,D7 lncWDR72 C5 5 D2, D3, 3 D4,D7, 2 D1,D4 3 D1,D6, 241564169 D6,D7, D8 D9 6 D8 lncZC3H8 D6 1 D2 2 D2, D6 | 1 D10 1 D1,D10 6163144 MART1 2 D2, D9 | 2 D2,D9 In summary, all studied IncRNA-encoded smORF peptides were immunogenic. Notably, the observed in vitro immunogenicity of those IncRNA encoded smORF peptides was comparable or even superior (lncNTF35511951417 and lncWDR722415641696) to the well-known immunogenic TAA MART-1, further underscoring their promise as cancer targets. Of note, the vast majority (9 out 10) donors showed an immune response against at least one of the 4 smORFs. This suggests that combining those 4 smORFs in a vaccine is particular promising to address patients with a variety of HLA alleles, which was further addressed in the next example. Example 4: Patient cohort coverages for individual smORFs as well as combinations thereof in LUSC and HNSCC The goal of the experimentwas to estimate the patient cohort coverages ofthe4 preferred smORFs in LUSC and hlNSCC. To this end, the patient cohort coverages of the individual smORFs as well as combinations thereof were analyzed in LUSC and (hlPV-negative) HNSCC. Patient cohort coverage based on HLA-1 was estimated using innovative algorithms that considered patient-specific data, including antigen expression, HLA-1 genotypes and epitope binding, integrating experimental data and predictions. Prediction error was also considered to reduce the risk of over-estimating coverage, using a simulation-based approach to account for coverage variability. Results: Figure 4 shows that all 4 smORFs individually demonsfrated a significant patient coverage in both LUSC and (hlPV- negative) hlNSCC, further underlining their promise in these indications. Figure 5 shows the estimated patient cohort coverages for a combination of those 4 preferred smORFs in LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC. For example, if "minimum number of antigens considered" equals one, a patient is considered as covered if at least one epitope from any of the 4 smORFs is likely to bind a patients HLA-1 (i.e. the antigen is expressed in the patient's tumour and the patient has suitable hlLA-1 alleles to present the a respective epitope thereof). If "minimum number of antigens considered" equals two, a patient is considered as covered if at least two epitopes each from two different smORFs are likely to bind a patients HLA-1, and so forth. A coverage of 80% can be achieved in both LUSC and (HPV-negative) hlNSCC, if minimum 1 of the smORFs is considered. A coverage of 40-45% can be achieved, if minimum 2 of the smORFs are considered. In summary, the analyses highlighted the promise of the combination of the 4 preferred smORFs. Example SLldentification, irLvrtro testina and selection of non-cognate T helper epitope sequences The goal of the expenment was to identify, test in vitro and select non-cognate T helper epitopes being suitable for vaccines. To this end, non-cognate T helper epitopes were selected in a two-step process by first deciding on the candidate epitopes in an in silica search and later - using immunogenicity assays based on the STAR protocol (Bozkus 2021; PMID: PMID: 34458873) - by demonstrating the ability of the selected epitopes to stimulate and activate the TT- and DT-specific CD4+ T cells in healthy blood donors. In brief the STAR protocol was performed as follows. On day 0, cryopreserved human PBMCs isolated from healthy blood donors were seeded and stimulated with GM-CSF, IL^, and FLt3-L for APC differentiation. On day 1, LPS, R848 and IL- 1 p were added to the wells to further support APC activation and enhance their capacity to stimulate T-cells. These cells were then stimulated, on the same day, with the test peptide (test peptides comprised the helper epitope flanked N- and C-terminally by GGGGS-sequences to mimic the linker context in a fusion protein), a positive control (CEF[ peptide pool; commercially available peptide pool, includes previously-defined HLA class 11-restricted T-cell epitopes from Cytomegalovims, Epstein-Barr virus, Influenza virus and Clostridium tetani), or the negative conb-ols MOG (myelin- oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) or DMSO at a concentration of 1 |JM for 24h. From day 2, T cells were expanded with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 every 2-3 days. On day 9, T-cells were restimulated once again with the same peptides as on day 1 at 1 |JM concentration for 6-7h. Monensin/Brefeldin A were added 1h after the peptide stimulation. Subsequently, on day 10, intracellular flow cytometry staining was performed using antibodies against CDS, CD4, CDS, TNF and IFN-y. The magnitude of T cell activation was defined as percentage ofTNF+ IFN y+ cells within CD3+/ CD8-/CD4+ T cells, and later, normalized against the DMSO values of each sample. Data are combined from four independent experiments with three donors per experiment. Statistical analyses were performed with Friedman test with Dun's multiple companson test. *p = 0.0342, ***p= 0.0001. Results: Table E12 shows the most promising non-cognate T helper epitope sequences: one sequence derived from tetanus toxoid (TT) and one from diphtheria toxoid (DT). Importantly, these two non-toxic epitopes of TT and DT are also part of the diphtheria/tetanus vaccines, a routine vaccination in humans. Hence, most patients have a pre-existing CD4+ T-ce\\ memory specific for these epitopes, which are expected to be reactivated after vaccination. Notably, activation of these C04+ memory T-cells compared to activation of naive T-cells mounts a faster and stronger response upon challenge with antigen. While these TT- and DT-specific CD4+ T cells are not tumour antigen-specific, it is expected that they support induction of the tumour antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response via a bystander effect. Table E12: Non-cognate T helper epitope sequences Helper epitope | Sequence SEQ ID NO: Protein TT P32XL YRRLYNGLKFIIKRYTPNNEIDSR/R 525 DT P1XL IVAQSIALSSLMVAQAIPLVG 524 Figure 6 shows that TT P32XL and DT P1XL induced a strong T cell activation. These results were comparable to the positive control, epitope pool CEFT (comprising peptides from Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Influenza vims and Clostridium tetani), and statistically significantly higher compared to the negative control myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Summed up, TT P32XL and DT P1XL were even able to induce CD4 T cell activation in 75% of PBMC donors, thus outperforming the epitope pool of the positive control CEFT. Table^E13: CD4 response induced by helper epitopes TTP32XL DTP1XL MOG CEFT CD4 response S 1.5-fold 8 donors (66.7%) | 6 donors (50%) | 0 donors (0%) | 7 donors (58.3%) overDMSO Combined: 9 donors (75%) Example 6:Jnvivo immynogenicity ofmRNA vaccines encoding smORF peptides The goal of the experiment was to evaluate the in vivo immunogenicity of vaccines encoding the preferred smORF peptides. To this end, mRNA R12711 (see Figure 1C and Example 1.2) encoding for the smORFs KCNMB2AS14633753, lncNTF35511951417, lncWDR722415641696 and lncZC3H86163144 was generated, formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.1 and tested in an immunogenicity mouse model. In brief, Spg LNP-formulated mRNA R12711 was applied to female CB6F1 hybrid mice on days 0, 7 and day 14 intramusculariy (i.m.; musculus tibialis). 21 days after the first mRNA administration, mice were sacrificed and spleens were collected for further analysis. Cancer antigen-specific cellular responses in splenocyte samples obtained in this step were measured as antigen-specific T cell activation. This was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining and subsequent analysis by flow cytometry according to standard protocols as follows: isolated splenocytes were individually restimulated with peptide libraries for each encoded smORF (15-mer libraries covering the complete antigens) at 1|jg/ml final peptide concentration in the presence ofanti- CD28 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA) for 6 hours with the addition of GolgiPlug (BD Biosciences) after 1 h. Unstimulated splenocytes were treated the same way, but supplemented with DMSO instead of the peptide cocktail. Additional controls were splenocytes stimulated with PMA/ionomycin (no anti-CD28; PMA and ionomycin from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) (positive control) and splenocytes which were left unstained by fluorophore-conjugated antibodies (negative control). After the stimulation procedure, splenocytes were stained with surface and intracellular, fluorophore- conjugated antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry. CDS and CD4 responses are shown as % IFN-gamma/TNF- alpha double-positive cells of CDS and CD4 T cells, respectively. Results: Figure 7 shows the CDS (top) and CD4 (bottom) T-cell responses against the 4 encoded smORF peptides induced by the vaccine in vivo. Strong CDS responses as well as CD4 responses were observed. Notably, R12711 formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.2 also showed potent CDS and CD4 responses in a similar mouse model (data not shown). Taken together, these in vivo data in mice demonstrate that mRNAs encoding smORFs are translated in vivo into fusion proteins which are properly processed, and that subsequently fusion protein-derived peptides can be presented on mouse MHC class I and class II molecules eliciting an immune response. These data underline the promise ofanti-tumour vaccines encoding for smORFs. Example 7: Identification and selection ofTAAs suitable for a LUSC/HNSCC vaccine The goal of the experiment was to identify MAGE antigens which could be used for a vaccine against LUSC as well as (hlPV-negative) HNSCC. A particular focus of this experimentwas further to identify those MAGE antigens that would lead to high cumulative patient coverages in combinations with the 4 preferred smORFs (see also Example 8). To this end, an elaborated in silica screening was carried out, e.g. integrating the strength and frequency of expression in the tumour, patient cohort coverage, expression in healthy tissue and experimental evidence of immunogenicity. Expression in healthy tissue was analysed using GTEx V8; patient cohort coverages were estimated similariy as described in Example 4. The screening identified MAGE-A3/A6, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A9/9B and MAGE-A11 as particular promising antigen candidates. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 encode proteins with 96% identity (Pineda et al.2015; PMID: 25679763); MAGE- A9 and MAGE-A9B encode for an identical protein product (https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P43362/entry), resulting in a high major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I epitope level overlap. Therefore, the expression ofMAGE-A3 and MAGE- A6 were summed; similariy, MAGE-A9 and MAGEA-9B were also grouped. hlowever, since vaccines encoding MAGE- A6 were not intended, in coverage estimations only overiapping epitopes compnsed in both MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 were considered, i.e. epitopes that were only comprised in MAGE-A6 were not considered. Results: Figure 8 shows that MAGE-A3/A6, -A4, -A9/9B, -A11 individually demonstrated a significant patient coverage in both LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC underlining their promise in these indications. Figure 9 furthermore demonstrates that the expression of the preferred MAGEs is very low or absent in a van'ety of healthy tissues except the testis. Since healthy testicular cells can be considered as isolated immune environment without MhlC class I molecules, this overall suggests a favorable safety profile. Figure 10 shows the estimated patient cohort coverages for the preferred MAGE combination in LUSC and (HPV-negative) hlNSCC. A coverage of 80% and 65% can be achieved in both LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC, respectively, if at minimum 1 of the MAGEs is considered. A coverage of 60% and 40% can be achieved, respectively, if at minimum 2 of the MAGEs are considered. In summary, the analyses highlighted the promise of the combination of the 4 preferred MAGEs in a vaccine. Example 8: Patient cohort coverages of antigen combLnationsusmg the preferred smORF and MAGE antigens among LUSCAnd HNSCC patients The goal of the experiment was to estimate patient cohort coverages of antigen combinations using the preferred smORF and MAGE antigens among LUSC and (HPC-negative) HNSCC patients. To this end, estimations similar as described in Examples 4 and 7 were carried out. Specifically, patient cohort coverages for different scenarios/combinations were simulated: Scenario 1: combination of the 4 preferred smORFs Scenario 2: as above + additionally MAGE-A3/6 Scenario 3: as above + additionally MAGE-A4 Scenario 4: as above + additionally MAGE-9/9B - Scenario 5: as above + additionally MAGE-A11 I Resyjts: Figure 11-15 show the patient coverages for the different smORF/MAGE combinations (scenarios). Notably, a coverage of ~90% could be achieved in both LUSC and (HPV-negative) HNSCC with scenarios 2-5, if minimum 1 antigen is considered. Notably, for the case when two or more antigens are considered, the strong increase in patient cohort coverages for scenarios 3-5 suggested that such antigen combinations could be particularly useful to prevent tumour immune escape. Amongst other due this aspect, scenario 5 was particularly preferred. Consequently, two mRNAs encoding collectively for the 4 preferred smORF peptides as well as MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A9 and MAGE-A11 were designed and evaluated further. Example 9: In vjyo immunogenicit^pf mRNA vaccines encoding for the preferred smORF peptide/MAGE combination The goal of the experiment was to evaluate the in vivo immunogenicity of vaccines encoding for the preferred smORF peptide/MAGE combination. To this end, R12699 and R12702 each encoding for two MAGEs and two smORFs each - thus collectively encoding for the preferred smORF/MAGE combination -were designed (see also Figure 1 and Example 1.1). Subsequently, those mRNAs as well as the above-described R12711 were formulated in LNPs as described in Example 1.3.2 and collectively tested in a mouse model as follows. In brief, 5|jg LNP-formulated mRNA R12711 was applied to female CB6F1 hybrid mice (m.tibialis, left) on "day -7" as a boost administration, followed, after 7 days, by administration of5pg LNP-formulated mRNAs R12699/R12702 on "day 0" (m.ti'bialis, right), day 7 (m.tibialis, left) and day 14 (m.tibialis, right). mRNA R12699 and R12207 had been formulated separately in LNPs, but were mixed at equal weight (2.5pg mRNA each) before injection. 21 days after the first mRNA administration, mice were sacrificed, and spleens and serum were collected for further analysis. Cancer antigen-specific cellular responses in splenocyte samples obtained in this step were measured as antigen-specific T cell activation. This was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining and subsequent analysis by flow cytomefry according to standard protocols as follows: isolated splenocytes were individually restimulated with peptide libraries for each encoded smORF or MAGE (15-mer libraries covering the complete antigens) at 1|jg/ml final peptide concentration in the presence of anti-CD28 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA) for 6 hours with the addition of GolgiPlug (BD Biosciences) after 1 h. Unstimulated splenocytes were treated the same way, but supplemented with DMSO instead of the peptide cocktail. Additional controls were splenocytes stimulated with PMA/ionomycin (no anti-CD28; PMA and ionomycin from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) (positive control) and splenocytes which were left unstained by fiuorophore-conjugated antibodies (negative control). After the stimulation procedure, splenocytes were stained with surface and intracellular, fluorophore-conjugated antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry. CDS and CD4 responses are shown as % IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha double-positive cells of CDS. Results: Figure 16 shows the CDS T-cell responses against the 4 encoded smORF peptides (top) and MAGEs (bottom) induced by the vaccines in vivo. Strong CDS responses were observed against both types of antigens. In summary, these data showed that mRNA vaccines encoding for the preferred smORF peptide/MAGE combination elicits potent immune responses in vivo. Thus, this data underlines the promise of anti-tumour vaccines encoding for the preferred smORF peptide/TAA combination. Example 10: in vitro testing of the CVHNLC mRNAs HEK293T cells were individually transfected with mRNAs #1 and #2 (see Figure 1). The transfected cells were then incubated with or without the proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib to reduce degradation of the fusion protein and allow its accumulation. Eighteen hours post transfection, the resulting fusion proteins encoded by the CVHNLC mRNAs were measured by capillary western blot using either an antibody specific for MAGE-A4 (detecting only fusion protein #1), MAGE-A11 (detecting only fusion protein #2) or CTLA-4 (detecting both fusion proteins) (see Figure 17). Results: As shown in Figure 17 HEK cells expressed the full-length fusion proteins #1 and #2, respectively, which were detected via the presence of MAGE-A4 and MAGE-A11 in the two respective fusion proteins and the presence of CTLA-4 in both fusion proteins. The fusion proteins not containing MAGE-A11 (fusion protein #1) or MAGE-A4 (fusion protein #2) were not detected with the antibodies against MAGE-A11 and MAGE-A4 respectively, thereby confirming the specificity of these antibodies and the correct identification of the CVHNLC mRNA-encoded fusion proteins. Concomitant inhibition of the proteasome increased the relative amounts of the fusion proteins by at least 40% compared to the DMSO-treated cells, demonstrating rapid degradation of the fusion protein by the proteasome in absence of the inhibitor. These data demonstrate the expression of the two independent fusion proteins of the CVHNLC mRNAs in individually transfected cells, which are rapidly degraded into peptides in vitro. Example 11: in vitro presentation ofCVHNLC-encoded^ntigenspn human cells In order to demonst-ate processing and presentation of CVHNLC mRNA-encoded antigens on HLA molecules of human cells, two human cell lines were transfected with single CVHNLC mRNAs. Peptides presented on HLA class I and II molecules were analysed by immunopeptidomics. For these experiments, human cell lines THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia cell line) and HEK293T were used, which differ in their on'gin and their hlLA allele composition. THP-1 cells express A*02:01, THP-1 or HEK293T cells were transfected with either CVHNLC mRNA #1 or #2 (see Figure 1) in Lipofectamine. Six hours after fransfection, immunoaffinity purification with a pan-HLA class 1-specific antibody (for both cell lines) or pan-HLA class 11-specific and HLA-DR-specific antibodies (only for THP-1 cells) was performed to extract HLA ligands. The HLA ligand extracts were analysed in five technical replicates per sample by LC-MS/MS and results were filtered using a 5% false discovery rate. Table El 4: Detected HLA class I peptideswith seguence identity to CVHNLC mRNAs- encoded fusion proteins mRNA Encoded Other encoded Class I peptides Class I peptides Unique antigens elements detectd on THP-1 detected on class I junctions3 cells HEK293T cells peptides CVHNLC MAGE-A4 5 1 5 mRNA#1 MAGE-A9 2 1 3 smORF N 1 0 1 smORF K 0 0 0 Diphtheria peptide 0 0 0 Tetanus peptide 0 0 0 CTLA-4 SP, TM/CD 0 0 0 Junctions 1 0 1b CVHNLC MAGE-A3 3 1 4 mRNA#2 MAGE-A11 4 4 6 smORF Z 1 0 1 smORFW 0 0 0 Diphthen'a peptide 1 0 1 Tetanus peptide 1 0 1 CTLA-4SP,TM/CD 0 0 0 Junctions 1 0 1b a: Junctional peptides overiap junctions between encoded elements. b: Same peptide is present in both fusion proteins. As shown in Table E14, the immunopeptidomics analysis identified 23 unique HLA class I peptides, some present in both cell lines, that originate from the CVHNLC fusion proteins: • MAGEs: Multiple peptides were detected for each of the MAGEs. MAGE-A3 (four peptides), MAGE-A4 (five peptides), MAGE-A9 (three peptides), MAGE-A11 (six peptides). • smORFs: One peptide each was detected for smORF N and smORF Z. • T-helper epitopes: The diphtheria and tetanus epitopes contain strong hlLA class II peptides and have been included to re-activate CD4+ T-memory cells. Nonetheless, one class I peptide each was detected. • Other elements: No peptides were found for the CTLA-4 domains. • Junctions: Only one peptide (shared between the mRNAs) was found that covers the junction between two antigens. This was the junction between G4S-linkerand diphtheria peptide. Table E15: CVHNLC-dehved peptides listed in the Immune Epitope Database Antigen Peptide SEQ ID NO: Reported context Publication Protein MAGE- R/QENYLEY 673 Identified in patient-derived cancer cell lines PMID: 30833945, A3 PMID: 32488085 ISGGPHISY 674 Identified in patient-derived cancer cell lines PMID: 32157095 MAGE- GWDGREHTV | 675 Target for T-cell-based therapy (afami-cel) PMID: 32002290, A4 PMID: 36589698 IAYPSLREAAL 676 Identified in patienWerived cancer cell lines PMID: 32938616 KVLEHWRV | 677 Identified in patient<lerived cancer cell lines PMID: 27600516, PMID: 32938616 MAGE- FMFQEALKL 678 Identified in patient-derived cancer cell lines PMID: 32938616 A9 KVAELVHFL 679 Identified in solid tumors PMID: 9544234 MAGE- KIIDLVHLL 680 Identified in patient-derived cancer cell lines PMID: 33968037 A11 FLFGEPKRL 681 Induced CTLs in PBMCs from healthy donor PMID: 28486273 ILHDKIIDL 682 Induced CTLs in PBMCs from healthy donor PMID: 28486273 Importantly, as shown in Table E15,10 of the 23 detected peptides are listed in the IEDB (www.iedb.org), which contains experimentally validated epitopes. Some of these peptides have been detected on patient-derived cancer cell lines or tumors by immunopeptidomics, which demonstrates that they are also present in the physiological context on tumor cells and are presented to T-cells. A specific example is the MAGE-A4 peptide GWDGREHTV (SEQ ID NO: 675), which is frequently presented on tumors and is the target of the anti-MAGE-A4 T-cell immunotherapy afami-cel (afamifa-esgene autoleucel, TECELRA, Adaptimmune, LLC). Other peptides have induced CTLs in PBMCs of healthy donors, which also demonstrates that the peptides can be presented to T-cells. No hlLA class II peptides with sequence identity to the CVHNLC fusion proteins were detected. This could be due to the low HLA class II expression on THP-1 cells (data not shown) and the very low number of HLA class II peptides eluted. In fact, only about 600 HLA class II peptides were detected on the CVhlNLC mRNAs-transfected THP-1 cells, compared to 3700 unique hlLA class I peptides. Taken together, the immunopeptidomics analysis demonsbates that the CVHNLC mRNA-encoded fusion proteins are property processed in human cell lines resulting in presentation of peptides on HLA class I molecules where they can be recognized by CD8+ T-cells. Example 12: in vivo immunocienicity ofCVHNLC in mice In order to determine the immunogenicity of CVHNLC mRNAs-encoded antigens in vivo, 5pg LNP-formulated mRNA R12699 and R12702 (2.5pg each) were intramusculariy administrated to female CB6F1 hybrid mice on day 0,6 and 13. As a control, irrelevant mRNA (PpLuc) was administrated. Seven days after the final administi-ation, T-cell responses against the encoded antigens or T-helper epitopes were analyzed by intracellular flow cytometry staining, and MAGE-A3-, -A4-, -A9- and -A11 -specific antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intracellular cytokine staining and subsequent analysis by flow cytometry were done according to standard protocols as follows: Splenocytes were restimulated with the indicated peptides [i) 15mer peptide libraries per antigen covering the complete antigen for MAGE-A3, -A4, -A9 or -A11, or smORF K, N, W or Z, ii) pool of DT and TT peptides (DT/TT; DT P1XL: 31 aa, TT P32XL: 36 aa) or iii) DMSO as control], then int-acellulariy stained with antibodies against Thy-1.2, CD4, CDS and cytokines (IFN-y and TNF) and subsequently analyzed on a flow cytometer. The magnitude of the CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses against the antigens or epitopes respectively were defined as percentage of IFN-Y+ TNF+ cells of CD8+ or CD4+ T<®lls, respectively. Median values are plotted. This experiment is representative for three independent experiments with seven mice per group, respectively. Results: Figure 18A shows the induction of strong CD8+ T-cell responses against MAGE-A3, -A4, -A9 and -A11 and Figure 18B weak CD4+ T-cell responses against MAGE-A3, -A4 and -A9 in mice after vaccination. As well as induction of weak CD8+ and weak CD4+ T-cell responses against smORF N in mice after vaccination. It is noted, in this context, that the immunogenic potential of the foursmORFs (K, N, W, Z) in human PBMCs has been previously demonstrated in vitro (see Example 3 above). CD4+ T-cell responses against the CD4 T-helper epitopes DT and TT were not detected in mice (see Figure18B). This I was expected, since the DT P1XL and TT P32XL epitopes included in CVHNLC were selected based on their potential to bind to various human HU\ class II molecules and on the induction of immunogenicity in vitro in human cells, but not for binding to mouse MHC class II molecules or induction of immunogenicity in vivo in mice (see Example 5). Moreover, the DT and TT epitopes in CVHNLC are intended to exploit the reactivation of diphtheria- and tetanus-specific CD4+ memory T-cells in previously vaccinated humans, which are absent in naive mice. Interestingly, CVHNLC administration induced MAGE-A3-, -A4-, -A9- and -A11-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (data not shown), although only weak CD4+ T-cell responses to MAGE-A3, -A4 and -A9 were detected seven days after the last adminisfration (see Figure 18B). This indicates that the measured CD4+ T-cell responses might be an underestimation because CD4+ T-cell responses are required for antibody induction. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the two CVhlNLC mRNAs are translated in vivo into fusion proteins which are property processed, followed by presentation of fusion protein<lerived peptides on mouse MHC class I and class II molecules. This in turn results in activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells respectively which are specific for the CVHNLC- encoded antigens and in induction of antibody responses against the CVHNLC-encoded MAGE antigens. 0 Example 13: CV-HNLC-001 - A phase 1 Study to investigate CVHNLC in Patients with histolooically confirmed metastatic Stage IV sgNSCLC after at least3months of treatment wrth pembrolizumab 13.1 Short summary CV-CVhlNLC-001 is an ongoing, open-label, first-in-human, dose-escalation study of the investigational mRNA vaccine CVHNLC in patients with histologically confirmed metastatic Stage IV sqNSCLC after at least 3 months of treatment with pembrolizumab (at least 3 cycles of pembrolizumab with a total dose of600mg) but no longer than 6 months from start of pembrolizumab treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with at least 2 cycles of carboplatin and (nab- )paclitaxel, with no documented disease progression and who are eligible for maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab. The CVhlNLC mRNA vaccine compnses mRNAs made of chemically unmodified nucleotides that are encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle-based formulation for intramuscular administration. The mRNAs encode a first fusion protein of MAGE- A4 and MAGE-A9 and the two smORFs N and K (lncNTF35511951417 and KCNMB2AS14633753) and a second fusion protein of MAGE-A11 and MAGE-A3 and the two smORF Z and W (lncZC3H86163144 and lncWDR722415641696) (see Figure 1). The mRNA sequences are given in SEQ ID NOs: 632 and 635. The mRNA is capped with cap1 (m7G(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG;TriLink). CVHNLC is composed of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (mRNA) and 4 lipid components: an ionizable cationic lipid, PEGylated lipid, cholesterol and phospholipid (DSPC: 1,2<iistearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) as described in Example 1.3.2 Patients receive CVHNLC in combination with Pembrolizumab and optionally with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (Carboplatin and Paclitaxel). i Patients receive a total of 7 administrations of CVhlNLC on days 1, 8,15,22,43,64, and 85. Vaccinations may continue beyond day 85 every 3 weeks until one year after the first CVHNLC vaccination or upon disease progression or undue toxicity. CVhlNLC is administered intramusculariy. Pembrolizumab is administered as per standard of care as a 3-weekly dosing regimen on days 1, 22,43,64 and 85. The study consists ofadose-escalation part (Part A) and a dose-expansion part (Part B). The starting dose in the dose- escalation part is 100pg and it may be escalated to 200|jg and 400pg, depending on clinical toxicity. 13.2 Study objectives andoutcome measures Planned primary and secondary outcome measures are presented in Table E16. Table E16: CV-CVHNLC-001 Primary and sewndarv_Qutcome_measures Primary Dose Escalation Part: • To determine the highest tolerable dose (HTD) and/or RDE of CVHNLC plus pembrolizumab administration in patients with sqNSCLC. • To characterize the safety and tolerability of CVHNLC plus pembrolizumab administration. Dose Expansion Part: • To evaluate the safety and tolerability of CVhlNLC at the RDE plus pembrolizumab administration and first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Secondary • To evaluate the initial anti-tumor activity of CVHNLC plus pembrolizumab. • To evaluate the initial anti-tumor activity of CVHNLC plus pembrolizumab and first-line platinum- based chemotherapy. Furthermore, potentially also exploratory objectives as specified in Table E17 may be taken into consideration. Table E17: Potential further exploratory objectives in CV-HNLC-W1 To evaluate immunogenicity based on antigen-specific cellular immune response in the peripheral blood after vaccination with CVHNLC To evaluate changes in peripheral blood biomarkers of the innate and adaptive immune response To evaluate changes in molecular tumor burden (circulating tumor DNA [ctDNA]) during treatment To retrospectively evaluate antigen expression in baseline biopsies and in optional clinically indicated tumor tissue collection during/after treatment or at time of progression/relapse Optional if consented by patient: to retrospectively characterize the tumor microenvironment in pre- and post- treatment tumor samples at screening and additional optional longitudinal biopsies To evaluate OS 13.3 Study population Inclusion Criteria Patients are enrolled in this study if they meet the following criteria: Dose Escalation Part (Metastatic 1L Maintenance sqNSCLC) • Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic Stage IV (per American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, Eighth Edition) sqNSCLC not amenable for surgical or locoregional therapy. • Patients who have received pembrolizumab for 3 but no longer than 6 months (at least 3 cycles with a total dose of 600mg), either as monotherapy or in combination with at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin and (nab-) paclitaxel as first-line treatment with no documented disease progression and who are indicated for maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab. Patients able to tolerate further anti-PD-1 therapy i.e., no criteria for permanent discontinuation of pembrolizumab due to toxicity have been met during previous treatment. No known targetable molecular aberration. • Patients having measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Dose Expansion Part (Metastatic 1 L saNSCLC) • Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic sqNSCLC (AJCC Staging Manual, Eighth Edition) not amenable for surgical or locoregional therapy and being eligible for first-line treatment with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Patients should not have received any prior systemic treatment for metastatic disease. Previous (neo-)adjuvant treatment is allowed if there are at least 12 months between end of this treatment and development of metastatic disease. Main IndysLon Cntenaapplving_toboth parts: • Available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue samples from non-irradiated lesions that are not older than 6 months for retrospective assessment of antigen expression and potential other biomarker analyses (in total 15 slides of at least 5|jm thickness or equivalent amount provided as a single block). • Recovered from all AEs related to prior therapies including anti-PD-(L)1 inhibitor treatment-related AEs to CTCAE Grade & 1 or baseline (except for alopecia areata, vitiligo, chemotherapy -induced polyneuropathy or endocrinopathies that are compensated by hormone replacement and Grade 2 lymphopenia). • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ofO or 1. • Age 218 years on date of signing informed consent form (ICF). • Life expectancy s 6 months. • Adequate birth control. 13.4 Overall stud^ design CV-CVHNLC-001 is a phase I, open-label, first-in-human (FIH), dose-escalation study of CVhlNLC in patients with histologically confirmed metastatic Stage IV sqNSCLC after at least 3 months of treatment with pembrolizumab (at least 3 cycles of pembrolizumab with a total dose of 600mg) but no longer than 6 months from start of pembrolizumab treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with at least 2 cycles of carboplatin and (nab-)paclitaxel, with no documented disease progression and who are eligible for maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab will be enrolled. Patients receive CVhlNLC in monotherapy or in combination with at least 2 cycles ofcarboplatin and (nab-) paclitaxel, with no documented disease progression and who are eligible for maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab. The study consists of a dose-escalation part (Part A) and a dose-expansion part (Part B). A schematic overview of the trial design is provided in Figure 19. In the dose-escalation part (PartA), 3-6 patients are enrolled per dose level. The starting dose (dose level 1) is 100|jg, andt may be escalated to 200pg and 400|jg depending on clinical toxicity. Intermediate dose levels may be added during the study.50^ig may be evaluated if dose level 1 is poorly tolerated. Initially, each dose level starts with the staggered enrolment of 3 patients (with an interval of at least 2 weeks between administration of the first dose to each patient) followed by a safety data review after all patients at each dose level have completed their 4 weeks dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation period. Once the RDE is established, approximately 10-16 patients will be enrolled at the RDE in Part B. For the main b-eatment period, patients receive a total of 7 administrations of CVhlNLC on days 1,8,15,22,43, 64, and 85 (Figure 20). In some cases, the vaccinations may be continued beyond day 85 every 3 weeks until one year after the first CVHNLC vaccination or upon disease progression or undue toxicity. Pembrolizumab is administered as per standard0 of care as a 3-weekly dosing regimen on days 1 , 22,43,64 and 85. TricomponentCVHNLC In preclinical murine experiments, relevant smORF T-cell responses could be increased if the smORF antigens were encoded on a separate mRNA and if this LNP-formulated mRNA was administered into a different limb than CVhlNLC. To evaluate whether the immunodominance observed in mice affects CVHNLC's immunogenicity also in humans and to potentially further improve immune response against the smORF antigens, an additional LNP-formulated mRNA is tested which encodes only the four smORF antigens. CVHNLC and this additional LNP-fonnulated smORF encoding mRNA is administered via separate injections, one in each arm, as a tricomponent CVhlNLC IMP. Testing of the tricomponent CVHNLC follows the same dose escalation rules as testing of CVhlNLC. Dose Escalation of the tricomponent CVHNLC starts one dose level below the dose level which has previously been demonstrated to be safe in at least three patients treated with CVHNLC. Dose escalation of CVHNLC is continued in parallel. Once an HTD is established for CVHNLC, the total mRNA dose of the tricomponent CVHNLC which is tested will not exceed the HTD of CVHNLC. 13.5 Study assessments and analyses Patients undergo radiological tumor assessment as per standard of practice, e.g., 6-weekly assessments for 9 months followed by 12-weekly assessments from start of first-line cancer treatment. Radiologic assessment should include CT or MRI of thorax, abdomen and pelvis. The same imaging technique should be used in a patient throughout the tn'al. Radiological tumor assessment at screening to define baseline status is to be performed within 4 weeks before first CVHNLC administration including a brain MRI scan. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) should be used for radiological tumor assessment. Additional radiological tumor assessments that may be required by clinical symptoms or local standard of care may be conducted at any time. PFS (Progression-free survival) and overall survival are evaluated from the day of first CVHNLC treahnent until the last scheduled tn'al visit. 13.6 Study Endpoints Primary Endpoints Number of patients with DLTs evaluated during the first 4 weeks of treatment (Dose Escalation Part only). Incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), treatment-emergent adverse events 0-EAEs). serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse events of special interest (AESIs), immune- related adverse events (irAEs), injection- site reactions (ISRs), medical attended adverse events (MAEs), treatment-emergent adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation and clinically significant laboratory abnormalities per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) v.5.0. Secondary Endpoints Objective response rate based on best overall response assessed by the Investigator using Response Evaluation Critena in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Response is defined as patients achieving either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). PFS based on RECIST 1.1. PFS is defined as time from first total treatment to time of disease progression or death. Duration of response per RECIST 1.1, measured from the time of first documentation of response until first documentation of disease progression. Disease control rate at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months based on RECIST 1.1. Disease control is defined as stable disease (SD), partial response (PR) or complete response (CR). Exploratory Endpoints Antigen-specific T-cell response in penpheral blood. Humoral immune response against tumor antigens and PEG in the peripheral blood. • Changes in cytokine and chemokine levels in the penpheral blood. Changes in ctDNA levels in the peripheral blood. Determine the expression of CVHNLC-encoded antigens in tumor tissue at baseline and optionally at later time points after treatinent. Characterize genomic and b-anscriptional changes in tumor hssue at baseline and optional at later time points after treatment. Assess tumor tissue and immune cell biomarkers at baseline and during treatment - based on longitudinal biopsies. Overall survival. Example 14: HLA binding smORF derived epitopes The main objective of the experiment was to identify HLA I binding epitopes derived from smORF_3, smORF_4, smORF_5 and smORF_6 (nomenclature see Table E2) and to demonstrate their binding to the predicted HLA molecules. All peptides identified within smORF_3, smORF_4, smORF_5 and smORF_6 were tested using an HLA- binding assay for their binding affinity to the seven most common HLA-alleles in Caucasian population. hlLA-bindina assay: MHCFIurry 2.0 algorithm9 (O'Donnell, T.J. et al.: MHCflurry 2.0: Improved Pan-Allele Prediction of MHC Class I- Presented Peptides by Incorporating Antigen Processing; Cell Systems, vol.11(1), 42 - 48) was used to predict the peptide-HLA-1 binding potential of smORF-sequence derived epitopes for eight common HLA alleles in Caucasian population: A*01:01, A*02:01, A*03:01, A*11:01, A*24:02, B*07:02, B*08:01, B*15:01. Predicted epitopeswere ordered and tested using an HLA binding assay. To this end, Flex-T HLA Monomers UVX were diluted in PBS, and 6|jl of this mixture were added to diluted peptides. To induce peptide exchange, the plate was illuminated under 366nm UV light for 30min while kept on melting ice, followed by incubation at 37°C for another 30min. For each HLA allele, a known positive and negative cont-ol peptide was included. Additionally, a 'UV control' and 'No UV control' was used, in which each HLA monomer was added to the plate (without peptide), either before or after UV illumination, respectively. The peptide HLA binding of the UV-exchanged monomers was subsequently assessed using ELISA, conducted according to standard protocols. For each H LA allele, the binding percentage was normalized to the positive control (set to 100%). A peptide was considered a binder if the binding percentage was two-times higher than the negative control. Results: 63 smORF derived epitopes were identified that were able to bind to HLA allele molecules (see Table E18) and thus represent potential candidates for vaccination approaches. Table E18: HLA binding smORF derived epitopes smORF Peptide SEQ ID NO: Protein Positive binding to HLA allele smORF 3 ALCRCDPEL 684 A*02:01 KLTAGSHKA 238 AGSHKAMTRK 230 A*03:01,A*11:01 GSHKAMTRK 235 NSKEWMNAWK 685 A*11:01 TAGSHKAMTR 229 TAGSHKAMTRK |225 smORF 4 DSITALSYHFY 290 A*01:01 FKDSITALSY 686 GFKDSITALSY 289 ITALSYHFY 322 KDSITALSY 687 LSGTQALVLY 688 SGTQALVLY 689 SITALSYHFY 271 STERVSEGFK 270 VSEGFKDSI 319 FSLSGTQAL 320 A*02:01 GTQALVLYI 265 SLSGTQALV 690 ITALSYHFYK 272 A*03:01,A*11:01 LVLYIQVISK 283 TALSYHFYK 260 VLYIQVISK 691 ALVLYIQVISK 251 A*11:01 ASTERVSEGFK 287 ITALSYHFYKN 692 SDQNSGEMLR 314 SITALSYHFYK 291 TALSYHFYKN 693 FYKNHIHFF 263 A*24:02 FYKNHIHFFP 307 FYKNHIHFFPP 304 HFFPPTCPF 321 HFYKNHIHFF 276 HIHFFPPTCPF 694 IHFFPPTCPF 695 SYHFYKNHI 261 SYHFYKNHIHF 293 YHFYKNHIHFF 294 CPFSLSGTQAL 298 B*07.02 FPPTCPFSL 264 HR/KNHIHF 262 EMLRRNSAS 696 B*08:01 MLRRNSAST 697 smORF 5 QVTSIKETF 202 A*01:01, 8*07:02 TSIKETFLSM 169 A*01:01 VTSIKETFL 203 FLSMGPASGL 185 A*02:01 FLSMGPASGLM 176 YVSNREVQV 199 A*02:01,A*24:02 ASGLMLGCSR 698 A*11:01 SRQEMGKLEK 184 EVQVTSIKETF 173 A*24:02 QWSIKETF 202 SIKETFLSM 201 B*07:02 MLGCSRQEM 699 B*08:01 smORF_6 AYLSGQPLEA 150 A*02:01 HAYLSGQPLEA 148 YLSGQPLEA 153 YLSGQPLEAT 142 YLSGQPLEATT 147 HAYLSGQPL 157 B*07:02 QPLEATTLCQL 144 Example 15: Identification and expansion of functional smORF-reactive CD8+ T cells The goal of the experiment was to demonstrate that smORF-derived epitopes (smORF_3 (KCNMB2AS14633753), smORF_4 (lncNTF35511951417), smORF_5 (lncWDR722415641696) and smORF_6 (lncZC3H86163144), see Table E2) can be presented by hll-A class I molecules. To this end, smORF-reactive CD8+ T cells in PBMC from healthy individuals were identified and expanded. Additionally, smORF-specific CD8+ T cells were analysed for their capacity to produce type I cytokines, with the aim to obtain functional T cells. Method: PBMC of 23 healthy donors with vanable hlLA profiles (see Table E19) were isolated. CD8+ T cells were isolated from PBMCs (via negative magnetic sorting) and stained with HLA-tetramers to screen for smORF-reactive CD8+ T cells. HLA-tetramer combinatorial coding (hlTCC) matrices were designed for each patient separately, tailored to their HLA profile and included up to six streptavidin-fluorochromes (resulting in 16 dual-color combinations) simultaneously (PE, APC, BV421, BW11, BV605 and BV785). smORF peptide sequence overiap was determined using IEDB Epitope Cluster Resource. Those peptides with >70% sequence overiap were either grouped together and labelled with the same combinatorial coding combination or the highest in vitro binder out of a cluster of overlapping sequences was selected. The HTCC matrices were made using peptides that were confirmed binders to the eight most common HLA-alleles in Caucasian population (A*01:01, A*02:01, A*03:01, A*11:01, A*24:02, B*07:02, B*08:01, B*15:01 ). For patient samples, a healthy donor with CD8+ T cells specific to known antigens (e.g. FLU, MART1, CMV, EBV) was always taken along as a positive control to ensure that UV exchange, tetramer generation, tetramer staining and flow cytometers worked correctly. Generation oftetramers and tetramer staining were conducted using standard protocols. A minimum of 1,000 CD8+ T cells for TILS and expanded TILS were acquired on a flow cytometer and analyzed in FlowJo software. Expansion of smORF antigen-specific CD8+ T cells was based on the 'immunogenicity' protocol described by Bozkus et al., 2021. To test functionality and specificity of expanded CD8+ T cells, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) after priming and restimulation with peptide were performed. Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were primed and expanded against smORF or confrol peptides. Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of INF-y and TNF-a was performed after peptide restimulation using standard protocols. Table E19: List ofHLA types of healthy donors PBMC ID HLA-A HLA-B PBMC_1 02:01 03:01 35:01 51:01 PBMC 2 02:01 24:02 08:01 15:01 PBMC 3 11:01 33:03 40:01 58:01 PBMC 4 01:01 08:01 44:03 PBMC_5 01:01 03:01 07:02 35:01 PBMC 6 24:02 11:01 07:02 15:01 PBMC_7 03:01 24:02 18:01 39:01 PBMC_8 01:01 02:01 08:01 40:01 PBMC_9 02:01 11:01 55:01 58:01 PBMC_10 02:01 03:01 07:02 07:02 PBMC_13 01:01 02:01 08:01 35:01 PBMC 17 02:01 51:01 44:02 PBMC_18 02:01 68:01 38:01 44:02 PBMC 20 01:01 02:01 07:02 51:01 PBMC 21 02:01 07:02 15:01 PBMC 22 | 01:01 02:01 15:10 58:01 Results: smORF-specific CD8+ T cells for 13 out of 64 peptides derived from all four smORFs and binding to various H LA alleles were identified in 17 out of 23 tested healthy donors (see Table E20). Table £20; smORF derived eo/topes for which specific CD8+ T cells were identified in PBMC from healthy donors smORF Peptide SEQ ID NO: No. and PBMC ID of positive donors Protein smORF 3 ALCRCDPEL 684 3 (PBMCJ; PBMCJ3, PBMCJ8) KLTAGSHKA 238 5 (PBMCJ3; PBMCJ7; PBMCJ8; PBMCJO; PBMC_1) AGSHKAMTRK 230 3 GSHKAMTRK 235 (PBMCJO; PBMCJ; PBMC_7) AGSHKAMTRK 230 1 GSHKAMTRK 235 (PBMC_6) TAGSHKAMTR 229 TAGSHKAMTRK 225 smORF 4 DSITALSYHFY 290 2 FKDSITALSY 686 (PBMC_4; PBMC_8) GFKDSITALSY 289 ITALSYHPI' 322 KDSITALSY 687 SITALSYHFY 271 SITALSYHFY 271 2 (PBMC_20, PBMC_22) LSGTQALVLY 688 1 (PBMC_20) VSEGFKDSI 319 3 (PBMC_4; PBMC_5; PBMC_8) ASTERVSEGFK | 287 3 (PBMC_3; PBMC_6; PBMC_9) FYKNHIHFF 263 2 FYKNHIHFFP 307 (PBMC_2; PBMC_6) FYKNHIHFFPP 304 HFYKNHIHFF 276 SYHFYKNHIHF 293 YHFYKNHIHFF 294 smORF 5 FLSMGPASGL 185 1 (PBMC_21) YVSNREVQV 199 3 EVQVTSIKETF 173 (PBMC_7; PBMC_2; PBMC_6) QWSIKETF 202 Exemplarily, out of those 13 peptides(/sets) that were found to bind to various HLA alleles in 17 out of 23 tested healthy donors (see above), three peptides were selected that resulted in peptide-specific CD8+ T cell expansion. Two epitopes(/sets) resulted in a T cell cytokine response upon peptide restimulation. smORF_3 epitope KLTAGSHKA (SEQ ID NO: 238) and smORF_6 epitope YLSGQPLEA (SEQ ID NO: 153), both of which were identified in multiple healthy donors, led to significant CD8+ T cell expansion and induced type I cytokine responses upon peptide restimulation. Example 16: Processing and HLA presentation of RNA encoded smORF derived epitopes The main objective of the experiment was to demonstrate that smORF-derived peptides are successfully processed and presented by antigen presenting cells when expressed from smORF-containing mRNA and that these smORF-derived0 peptides are recognized by CD8+ T cells. A rea3gnition assay was performed using CD8+ T cells specific for a smORF-derived peptide and HLA-matched monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) transfected with an mRNA construct encoding smORFs. Method: The smORF epitope encoding RNA construct was prepared as described in Example 1. Table E21: RNA construct encoding smORFs used in Example 16 RNAID Name SEQ ID NO: SEQID SEQID Protein NO: CDS NO: RNA R12711 HsCTLA4(1^0)_G4S_HssmORF6_G4S_HssmORF4_ 594 623 652 G4S_HssmORF5_G4S_HssmORF3_G4S_CtTETX(117 0-1195)_G4S_HsCTLA4(162-223); SP-Z-N-W-K-TT-IRAP(GI) smORF nomenclature see in Table E2; "G1" see "multi-antigen protein design 2" as defined herein. CD14+ monocytes isolated from an HLA-matched healthy donor (from which smORF-specific CD8+ T cells were obtained) were thawed and matured into moDCs using a cocktail of cytokines. After 7 days of maturation, moDCs were harvested and ta-ansfected with either smORFs encoding mRNA R12711 or an mRNA containing only the minimal mutated MART1 epitope ELAGIGILTV (SEQ ID NO: 728, R12893, SEQ ID NO: 727) as a positive control group or GFP encoding mRNA (purchased) as negative control. One group of the moDCs were left unloaded and another group was loaded with the smORF_6 derived peptide YLSGQPLEA (SEQ ID NO: 153) or MART1 peptide as a control. Tetramer staining on the smORF_6 specific and MART1-specific CD8+ T cells demonstrated the purity and affinity of antigen- specific CD8+ T cell fractions. T cells and moDCs were then used in an overnight co-culture, measuring CD137 expression as readout for recognition. Results: smORF_6 derived peptide specific CD8+ T cells were able to recognize smORF encoding mRNA-transfected moDCs (see Figure 22). smORF_6 ^LSGQPLEA, SEQ ID NO: 153) specific CD8+ T cells cleariy recognized YLSGQPLEA0 peptide-loaded moDCs and did not recognize MART1 encoding mRNA- or GFP encoding mRNA-transfected moDCs, demonstrating the specificity of the recognition that was observed for smORF_6. These results demonstrated that smORF-derived peptides are processed and presented by APCs when expressed by an smORF encoding mRNA construct. The results further show that smORF-derived peptides are able to induce CD8+ T cell recognition. Example 17: Neoepitope identification in primary tumor cells ofNSCLC and HNSCC patients The goal of the experiment was to demonstrate that smORF-derived peptides from source IncRNAs are extracellularly present on tumor cells by performing immunopeptidomics mass spectrometry for smORF epitopes in lung cancer samples and prove direct evidence for HLA-mediated presentation ofsmORF-derived peptides from source IncRNAs. Method: Immunopeptidomics was earned out on 16 lung samples that were pathologically assessed and categorized as lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) or lung squamous cell cancer (LUSC). Tumors were lysed and HLA class I molecules were purified with antibody W6/32 and HLA-DR molecules with antibody L243. Peptides were eluted under acidic conditions and further purified using C18 resin. Results from HLA class preparations were analyzed using ProteoScape (Bruker) performing a database search with Prolucid v2.19.0 against a database of human protein sequences from the human UniProt reference proteome (Swiss- Prot, release 2024_03) with 20433 protein sequences supplemented with a fasta sequence database of 76 full length peptides appended with neoepitope sequences provided by CureVac. Given the low transcriptional abundance of IncRNAs, smORF peptide levels were expected to be very low. Therefore, a custom immunopeptidomics approach (involving manual inspection and curation of MS1 and MS2 spectra) was employed to increase detection sensitivity for smORF derived epitopes. Results: The analysis of HLA class I preparations from 16 lung cancer tumor samples with an average of 19,800 peptides per sample resulted in the identification of 14,585 to 33,739 unique peptides. A total of 26 epitopes from source IncRNAs was detected for HLA-1 bound peptides in multiple lung tissues. For HLA-DR (one HLA-class II vanant), between 5,846 and 12,730 unique peptides were identified during the analysis of HLA-DR preparations of 16 lung cancer samples with an average of 8,610 peptides per sample. A total of 9 peptides from source IncRNAs was detected for hlLA-DR bound peptides in multiple tissues. These results thus provide direct evidence of HLA-mediated presentation ofsmORF-derived peptides from source IncRNAs on tumour cells in patient lung samples. Example 18: smQRF denyed epitoee^presentatjon ontymor cells in NSCLC and HNSCC patients The objective of the experiment was to demonstrate indirectly the HLA presentation ofsmORF<ferived epitopes on tumor cells in patients. For indirect confirmation of smORF-derived epitope presentation on HLA molecules, the presence of smORF-specific CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and/or expanded TILS was analyzed. Patients were selected based on confirmed smORF expression in primary tumor tissue and on their HLA type (Table E22). Table E22: HLA typification ofNSCLC and HNSCC patient samples used in Example 18 Patient ID Diagnosis HLA-A HLA-B NSCLC-005 Adenocarcinoma A*02:01;A*11:01 B*35:01;B*39:06 NSCLC-006 Adenocarcinoma A*02:01;A*32:01 B*51:01;B*51;01 HNSCC-001 Squamous cell carcinoma A*01:01;A*24:02 B*08:01;B*18:01 (Gingivoalveolar carcinoma) Method: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) were collected from patients with hlNSCC or NSCLC. Frozen TILS and in vitro expanded TILS were thawed, transferred into pre-warmed medium and washed for further tetramer staining. HLA-tetramer combinatorial coding (hlTCC) matrices were designed for each patient separately, tailored to their HLA profile and included up to six streptavidin-fluorochromes (resulting in 16 dual-color combinations) simultaneously (PE, APC, BV421, BW11, BV605 and BW85). smORF peptide sequence overiap was determined using IEDB Epitope Cluster Resource. Those peptides with >70% sequence overlap were either grouped together and labelled with the same combinatonal coding combination or the highest in vitro binder out of a cluster of overiapping sequences was selected. The HTCC matrices were designed using peptides that were confirmed binders to the eight most common HLA-alleles in Caucasian population (A*01:01, A*02:01, A*03:01, A*11:01, A*24:02, B*07:02, B*08:01, B*15:01). For patient samples, a healthy donor with CD8+ T cells specific for known antigens (e.g. FLU, MART1, CMV, EBV) was always analyzed in parallel as a positive control in order to ensure that UV exchange, tetramer generation, tetramer staining and flow cytometers worked asn-ectly. Generation oftetramers and tetramer staining were conducted using standard protocols. A minimum of 1,000 CD8+ T cells for TILS and expanded TILS were acquired on a flow cytometer and analyzed in FlowJo soflware. Additionally, CD45RA and CD27 marker were analyzed to distinguish memory and naive cells: naive (CD45RA+CD27+), central memory (CM; CD45RA-CD27+), effector memory (EM; CD45RA-CD27-) and T effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (TRMRA; CD45RA+CD27-). Results: Table E23 indicates whether peptides were screened as a single peptide or as a pool of peptides (based on >70% sequence overlap, see method section). In each case, at least 1,000 CD8+ T cells from TILS and expanded TILS were measured and analyzed, as well as 100,000 CD8+ T cells from the pen'phery. Results were considered as positive if event number was s 8 and if the percentage oftetramer positive CD8+ T cells was & 0.002%. Table E23: smORF derived epitopes screened in TILS and expanded TILS of NSCLC/HNSCC patients Patent ID smORF origin Peptide SEQ ID NO: TILS Expanded TILS Protein NSCLC-005 smORF_3 KLTAGSHKA 238 positive | positive smORF 3 NSKEWMNAWK 685 positive | negative smORF_4 FSLSGTQAL 320 positive negative SLSGTQALV 690 smORF_4 GTQALVLYI 265 positive | negative smORF_4 SITALSYHFYK 291 negative positive TALSYHFYK 260 ITALSYHFYK 272 TALSYHFYKN 693 ITALSYHFYKN 692 smORF_4 ALVLYIQVISK 251 positive negative VLYIQVISK 691 LVLYIQVISK 283 smORF 4 SDQNSGEMLR 314 positive | negative smORF 4 ASTERVSEGFK 287 positive | negative NSCLC-006 smORF 3 KLTAGSHKA 238 negative | positive HNSCC-001 I smORF 4 SITALSYHFY 271 positive positive ITALSYHFY 322 FKDSITALSY 686 DSITALSYHFY 290 KDSITALSY 687 GFKDSITALSY 289 smORF 4 LSGTQALVLY 688 positive negative SGTQALVLY 689 smORF_4 STERVSEGFK 270 negative | positive smORF_4 FYKNHIHFF 263 positive positive HFYKNHIHFF 276 FYKNHIHFFP 307 YHFYKNHIHFF 294 SYHFYKNHIHF 293 FYKNHIHFFPP 304 SYHFYKNHI 261 smORF 4 HFFPPTCPF 321 positive negative HIHFFPPTCPF 694 IHFFPPTCPF 695 smORF 4 EMLRRNSAS 696 positive negative MLRRNSAST 697 smORF 5 VTSIKETFL 203 positive positive TSIKETFLSM 169 smORF 5 MLGCSRQEM 699 negative positive Memory CD8+ T cells that were reactive to either smORF_3, smORF_4 and/or smORF_5 were found in TILS and/or expanded TILS. These results provide indirect evidence of HLA presentation of smORF-derived epitopes on tumour cells in patient samples.

Claims

CU01P389W01 Claims 1. A combination comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following combination of antigens at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof.
2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one additional antigen that comprises an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA9, and/or MAGEA11, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
3. The combination of claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following combination of tumour antigens at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof: at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comphsing an amino acid sequence from MAGEA3, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA9, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA11, or a fragment or van'ant thereof.
4. The combination of any one of claim 1 to 3, wherein each antigen of the combination comprises at least one T- cell epitope, preferably at least one CD8+ T cell epitope.
5. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 136-157, or a fragment or variant of any of these; 2 the at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 158-208, 698,699, or a fragment or variant of any of these; the at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 209-242, 684,685, or a fragment or variant of any of these; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 243-327, 686-697, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
6. The combination of claim 5, wherein the at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 137, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 159, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 210, or a fragment or vanant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 244, or a fragment or variant thereof.
7. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3hl8-6:1 compn'ses a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NOs: 328-349, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NOs: 350^100,725,726, or a fragment or a van'ant of any of these; the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1 :4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NOs: 401 -434,711,712, or a fragment or a variant of any of these; and/or 3 the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5.-5, comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NOs: 435-519,713-724, or a fragment or a variant of any of these.
8. The combination of claim 7, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 compnses a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 329, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by WDR72-2:4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 351, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by KCNMB2-AS1 :4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 402, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen encoded by NTF3-5:5, comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 436, or a fragment or vanant thereof.
9. The combination of any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 673 or 674, or a fragment or variant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 556 or 557, or a fragment or vanant thereof; the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 675-677, or a fragment or vanant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 558 or 559, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 678 or 679, or a fragment or variant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 560 or 561, or a fragment or vanant thereof; and/or • the at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 680-682, or a fragment or variant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 562 or 563, or a fragment or variant thereof. 4
10. The combination of claim 9, wherein the at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 557, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 559, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 561 , or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 563, or a fragment or variant thereof.
11. The combination of any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 700 or 701, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 564 or 565, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 compn'ses a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 702-704, or a fragment or variant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 566 or 567, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 705 or 706, or a fragment or variant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 568 or 569, or a fragment or variant thereof; and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA11 compnses a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 707-709, or a fragment or variant thereof, or to SEQ ID NOs: 570 or 571, or a fragment or variant thereof.
12. The combination of claim 11, wherein the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA3 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 565, or a fragment or vanant thereof; 5 the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA4 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 567, or a fragment or variant thereof; the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA9 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 569, or a fragment or variant thereof and/or the at least one coding sequence that encodes at least one antigen from MAGEA11 comprises a nucleic acid sequence that is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 571, or a fragment or variant thereof.
13. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one coding sequence encodes at least one further peptide or protein element selected from at least one helper epitope, at least one immune response activating signal t-ansduction protein, at least one signal peptide, at least one linker, at least one degron, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
14. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one coding sequence encodes at least one helper epitope that is preferably selected from Tetanus Toxin (TT) and/or Diphtheria toxin (DT), or a fragment or variant of any of these.
15. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one coding sequence encodes at least one helper epitope selected from Tetanus Toxin QT) and at least one helper epitope selected from Diphtheria toxin (DT), preferably at least one Tetanus toxoid P32XL and at least one Diphtheria toxoid P1XL, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
16. The combination of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the at least one helper epitope comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 524 or 525, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
17. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one coding sequence encodes at least one immune response activating signal transduction protein, or a fragment or variant thereof.
18. The combination of claim 17, wherein the immune response activating signal transduction protein is selected from CTLA4 or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably selected from the fr-ansmembrane domain fTM) and/or cytoplasmic domain (CD) of CTLA4, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
19. The combination of claim 17 or 18, wherein the at least one immune response activating signal fa-ansduction protein comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 533, or a fragment or variant thereof. 6
20. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one coding sequence encodes at least one signal peptide, or a fragment or variant thereof.
21. The combination of claim 20, wherein the at least one signal peptide is selected from CTLA4, or a fragment or variant thereof.
22. The combination of claims 20 or 21, wherein the at least one signal peptide comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 531,532,or a fragment or variant of any of these, preferably SEQ ID NO: 532, or a fragment or variant thereof.
23. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the antigen combination is encoded by one nucleic acid molecule.
24. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the antigen combination is collectively encoded by at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably by 2, 3,4, or 5 nucleic acid molecules.
25. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the antigen combination is collectively encoded by two nucleic acid molecules each comprising at least one coding sequence.
26. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antigen combination is comprised in at least one multi-antigen protein, wherein the multi-antigen protein comprises at least two antigens of the antigen combination.
27. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one multi-antigen protein comprises at least one degron, or a fragment or variant thereof.
28. The combination of claim 27, wherein the degron comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of at least 2, 3,4, or 5, preferably of 5 glutamic acids and is preferably located at the C-terminus of the multi-antigen protein.
29. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more of the following multi-antigen proteins, the multi-antigen proteins compnsing: A: MAGEA4-MAGEA9-N-K; B: MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - Z - W; C: MAGEA4-MAGEA9-MAGEA3; D: MAGEA11-Z-N-W-K; E: MAGEA4 - MAGEA9; F: MAGEA11-MAGEA3-Z-N-W-K; G: Z-N-W-K; wherein "-" represents an optional linker; 7
"Z" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 5 or 6; "N" represents an antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 5 or 6; 'W represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment orvanant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 5 or 6; "K' represents antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 5 to 6; "MAGEA3" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 9 or 10; "MAGEA4" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 9 or 10; "MAGEA9" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 9 or 10; "MAGEA11" represents an antigen comprising an amino acid sequence from MAGEA4, or a fragment or vanant thereof, preferably as defined in claims 9 or 10; wherein the at least one or more multi-antigen proteins comprise the antigen combination.
30. The combination of claim 29, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one or more of the following multi-antigen proteins, the multi-antigen proteins comprising: A1: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT-N - K-TT- (IRAP); B1: (SP) - MAGEA11 - MAGEA3 - DT-Z -W- TT- (IRAP); C1: (SP) - MAGEA4 -MAGEA9-MAGEA3- (IRAP); C2: (SP) - MAGEA4 - MAGEA9 - DT - MAGEA3 - TT - (IRAP); D1: (SP)-MAGEA11-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP); E1: (SP)-MAGEA4-DT-MAGEA9-TT-(IRAP); F1: (SP)-MAGEA11-MAGEA3-DT-Z-N-W-K-TT-(IRAP); G1: (SP)-Z-N-W-K-(IRAP); G2: (SP)-Z-N-W-K-(IRAP)(DEG); wherein "(SP)" represents a signal peptide, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in any one of claims 21 or 22; "(IRAP)" represents an immune response activating signal transduction protein, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in any one of claims 17 to 19; "DT' represents a diphthena toxin, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in any one of claims 14to16; "TT] represents a tetanus toxin, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in any one of claims 14 to 16; "(DEG)" represents a degron, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably as defined in any one of claims 27 or 28; wherein the at least one or more multi-antigen protein comprise the antigen combination. 8
31. The combination of claim 29 or 30, wherein the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following-multi antigen proteins: A and B, preferably A1 and B1; or C and D, preferably C1 and D1 or C2 and D1; or E and F, preferably E1 and F1.
32. The combination of claim 29 or 31, wherein the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following-multi antigen proteins: A1 and B1.
33. The combination of any one of claim 29 to 32, wherein the combination optionally comprises at least one nucleic acid molecule that encodes a multi antigen protein selected from G, G1, or G2.
34. The combination of any one of claim 29 to 33, wherein the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, wherein the three nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: A1 and B1 and G1; orA1 and B1 and G2 wherein each ofA1, B1 and G1 or G2, respectively, is preferably encoded by a distinct nucleic acid molecule.
35. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes at least one multi-antigen protein that comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 572-600, preferably SEQ ID NOs: 574,577,594,595, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
36. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one coding sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one multi-antigen protein, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 601-629, preferably SEQ ID NOs: 603, 606, 623, 624, more preferably SEQ ID NOs: 603,606 or 623, or a fragment of any of these.
37. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules, wherein a first nucleic acid molecule encodes A1 as defined in claim 30, wherein A1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 574, or a fragment or vanant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes A1 compnses a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a second nucleic acid molecule encodes B1 as defined in claim 30, wherein B1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 577, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes B1 compnses a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 9
70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or vanant thereof.
38. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the combination comprises three nudeic acid molecules, wherein a first nucleic acid molecule encodes A1 as defined in claim 30, wherein A1 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 574, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes A1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a second nucleic acid molecule encodes B1 as defined in claim 30, wherein B1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 577, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes B1 compnses a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a third nucleic acid molecule encodes G1 or G2 as defined in claim 30, wherein G1 or G2 compnses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 594 or 595, preferably SEQ ID NO: 594, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes G1 or G2 compnses a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 623 or 624, preferably SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof.
39. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one coding sequence is a codon modified coding sequence, preferably wherein codon modified coding sequence is selected from a C maximized coding sequence, a CAI maximized coding sequence, human codon usage adapted coding sequence, a G/C asntent modified coding sequence, and a G/C optimized coding sequence, or any combination thereof, preferably wherein the at least one codon modified coding sequence is a G/C optimized coding sequence.
40. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one untranslated region (UTR) element, preferably selected from at least one 5'-UTR element and/or at least one 3'-UTR element.
41. The combination of claim 40, wherein the at least one 3'-UTR element comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence selected from a 3'-UTR of a PSMB3 gene, wherein the at least one 3'-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 66,67, 112-135, or a fragment or a variant of any of these, preferably SEQ ID NO: 67, or a fragment or a van'ant thereof. 10 42. The combination of claims 40 or 41, wherein the at least one 5'-UTR element comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence selected or from a 5'-UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, wherein the at least one 5'-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 12, 13,64,65, or a fragment or a variant of any of these, preferably SEQ ID NO: 13, or a fragment or a variant thereof. 43. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is selected from a DNA or an RNA, preferably an RNA. 44. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an mRNA. 45. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises at least one poly(A) sequence, preferably wherein the at least one poly(A) sequence comprises about 20 to about 500 adenosine nucleotides. 46. The combination of claim 45, wherein the at least one poly(A) sequence compnses about 60 to about 150 adenosine nucleotides, preferably about 100 adenosine nucleotides. 47. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises at least one histone stem-loop sequence, wherein said histone stem-loop sequence comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 3 or 4, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably to SEQ ID NO: 4, or a fragment or a variant thereof. 48. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that comprises at least one modified nucleotide. 49. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA wherein at least one undine, preferably each undine, is substituted by a modified nucleotide. 50. The combination of claim 48 or 49, wherein the modified nucleotide is Nl-methylpseudouridine (mlip) or pseudouridine (ip), preferably Nl-methylpseudouridine (ml4J). 51. The combination of any one of claim 1 to 47, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that does not comprise a modified nucleotide. 52. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an RNA that comprises a 5'-cap structure. 53. The combination of claim 52, wherein the 5'-cap structure is selected from a cap1 structure or a modified cap1 structure. 11 54. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is an in vitro fa-anscribed RNA. 55. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is a puhfied RNA. 56. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, comprises the following sequence elements preferably in 5'- to S'-direction: A) a 5'-cap structure; B) a S'-UTR element, preferably selected from a 5'-UTR of a HSD17B4 gene, or a fragment thereof; C) a coding sequence as defined in any one of the preceding claims; D) a 3'-UTR element, preferably selected from a 3'-UTR of a PSMB3 gene, or a fragment thereof; E) optionally, a histone stem-loop; and F) a poly(A) sequence. 57. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule, preferably the RNA, compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one ofSEQ ID NOs: 630-664, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these. 58. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination comprises two nucleic acid molecules, preferably two RNA molecule, comprising a nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof; and a nucleic acid molecule comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or van'ant thereof. 59. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, compn'sing a first nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof; a second nucleic acid molecule comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; and a third nucleic acid molecule comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661, or a fragment or variant thereof. 60. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein the combination comprises three nucleic acid molecules, preferably three RNA molecules, compnsing a first nucleic acid molecule that comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof; a second nucleic acid molecule compnses or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; and 12 a third nucleic acid molecule comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant thereof. 61. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination is formulated with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 62. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein the combination comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules that are co-formulated and contained in one pharmaceutical composition. 63. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein the combination comprises at least hn/o nucleic acid molecules that are formulated separately and contained in one pharmaceutical composition. 64. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein the combination compnses at least two nucleic acid molecules that are formulated separately and contained in separate pharmaceutical compositions. 65. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is formulated with at least one cationic or polycationic compound. 66. The combination of claim 65, wherein the at least one cationic or polycationic compound is selected from a cationic or polycationic polymer, a cationic or polycationic polysaccharide, a cationic or polycationic lipid, a cationic or polycationic protein, a cationic or polycationic peptide, or any combinations thereof. 67. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule is formulated in a lipid-based carrier. 68. The combination of claim 67, wherein the lipid-based carrier is selected from a lipid nanoparticle, a liposome, a lipoplex, a solid lipid nanoparticle, a lipo-polyplex, and/ora nanoliposome. 69. The combination of claim 67 or 68, wherein the lipid-based earner is a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). 70. The combination of any one of claims 67 to 69, wherein the lipid-based carrier comprises at least one or more lipids selected from at least one aggregation-reducing lipid, at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid, at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid, at least one steroid or steroid analogue. 71. The combination of claim 70, wherein the at least one aggregation reducing lipid is selected from a polymer conjugated lipid. 72. The combination of claim 71, wherein the polymer conjugated lipid is selected from a PEG-conjugated lipid or a PEG-free lipid. 73. The combination of any one of claims 70 to 72, wherein the at least one cationic lipid or ionizable lipid is selected from an amino lipid, preferably wherein the amino lipid comprises a tertiary amine group. 13 74. The combination of any one of claims 70 to 73, wherein the at least one neutral lipid or phospholipid is selected from DSPC, DHPC, DPhyPE, DphyPS. 75. The combination of any one of claims 70 to 74, wherein the steroid or steroid analogue is selected from cholesterol orcholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), preferably cholesterol. 76. The combination of any one of claims 67 to 75, wherein the lipid-based earner, preferably the lipid nanoparticle, compnses (i) at least one cationic or ionizable lipid, preferably as defined in claim 73; (ii) at least one neutral lipids or phospholipids, preferably as defined in claim 74; (iii) at least one steroid or steroid analogue, preferably as defined in claim 75; and (iv) at least one aggregation reducing lipid, preferably as defined in claims 71 or 72. 77. The combination of any one of claims 67 to 76, wherein the lipid-based carrier has a Z-average size in a range of about 50nm to about 200nm, preferably from about 50nm to about 150nm. 78. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 77, wherein the combination compnses a first component that comprises a first RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77;and a second component that comprises a second RNA compnsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77; wherein the first and the second RNA are preferably not identical, and wherein the first and second component are separate formulations that are contained in separate compositions, or separate formulations that are combined in one composition. 79. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 77, wherein the combination comprises a first RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, and a second RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; wherein the first and the second RNA are preferably not identical, and wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77 and contained in one composition. 80. The combination of claims 78 or 79, wherein the combination additionally comprises a further component that compnses a third RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence a3mpnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77; 14 wherein the third RNA is preferably distinct from the first and the second RNA, and wherein the further component is a separate formulation that is contained in a separate composition. 81. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 78 or 80, wherein the combination comprises a first component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77; and a second component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or van'ant of any of these sequences, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77; wherein the first and second component are separate formulations that are contained in separate compositions, or separate formulations that are combined in one composition. 82. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 77, 79 or 80, wherein the combination compnses an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77 and contained in one composition. 83. The combination of claims 81 or 82, wherein the combination additionally comprises a further component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based cameras defined in any one of claims 67 to 77; or a further component that comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant thereof, formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77; wherein the further component is a separate formulation that is contained in a separate composition. 84. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein upon administration of the combination to a cell, tissue, or subject, the encoded tumour antigens are produced. 85. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein upon administration of the combination to a subject, the encoded tumour antigens are produced and induce an epitope-specific CD8+ T cell and/or CD4+ T cell response in the subject. 86. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an antigen selected from a peptide or protein encoded by long non-coding lncTRPC53116031801 and/or wherein the combination does not comprise a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an hlA tag. 87. The combination of any one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising as a separate component at least one further pharmaceutically active component, preferably at least one checkpoint inhibitor and/or at least one chemotherapeutic agent, wherein the checkpoint inhibitor is preferably a PD-1 pathway inhibitor and/or the at least one chemotherapeutic agent is preferably a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent. 15 88. The combination of claim 87, wherein the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti PD-1 antibody, an anti PD-L1 antibody and an anti-PD-L2 antibody, preferably selected from an anti PD-1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody. 89. The combination of claim 87 or 88, wherein the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is an anti PD-1 antibody, preferably Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab. 90. A composition, preferably a pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule that comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one nucleic acid molecule encodes the following combination of antigens at least one antigen compnsing an amino acid sequence encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by WDR72-2:4, or a fragment or variant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by KCNMB2-AS1:4, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; at least one antigen comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by NTF3-5:5, or a fragment or vanant thereof. 91. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 90, wherein the composition is further defined by any one of the features defined in any one of the preceding claims with respect to the combination according to any one of claims 1 to 89. 92. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 90 or 91, wherein the composition comprises at least two nucleic acid molecules, preferably at least two RNA molecules, wherein the at least two nucleic acid molecules encode the following multi-antigen proteins: A and B as defined in claim 29, preferably A1 and B1 as defined in claim 30; C and D as defined in claim 29, preferably C1 and D1 as defined in claim 30; C and D as defined in claim 29, preferably C2 and D1 as defined in claim 30; or E and F as defined in claim 29, preferably E1 and F1 as defined in claim 30; wherein the nucleic acid molecules are preferably formulated as defined in any one of claims 65 to 77. 93. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 92, compnsing at least two nucleic acid molecules, wherein a first nucleic acid molecule encodes A1 as defined in claim 30, wherein A1 compn'ses or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 574, or a fragment or vanant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes A1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or van'ant thereof; and 16 a second nucleic acid molecule encodes B1 as defined in claim 30, wherein B1 comprises or consists of at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 577, or a fragment or variant thereof, and/or wherein the coding sequence that encodes B1 comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant thereof. 94. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 93, wherein the composition comprises An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are co-formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77. 95. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 94, wherein the composition comprises An RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 632 or 659, or a fragment or variant thereof, and an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 635 or 660, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecules are separately formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in claims 67 to 77. 96. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 90, wherein the composition comprises one nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA molecule, wherein the nucleic acid molecule encodes the following multi-antigen protein: G as defined in Claim 29, preferably G1 or G2 as defined in claim 30, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is preferably formulated as defined in any one of claims 65 to 77. 97. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 96, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is an RNA molecule comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence encodes G1, or a fragment or variant thereof, and compnses the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof. 98. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 90, 96 or 97, wherein the composition comprises an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 652 or 661 , or a fragment or van'ant thereof, or an RNA according to SEQ ID NOs: 653 or 662, or a fragment or variant thereof; wherein the RNA molecule is formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in claims 67 to 77. 99. A peptide or protein antigen combination that compnses a combination of antigens encoded by the at least one nucleic acid molecule as defined in any one of the preceding claims. 100. A kit or kit of parts compnsing at least one combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, and/or at least one pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, and/or at least one peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99. 101. The kit or kit of parts of claim 100, wherein ttie kit comprises the following components in a vial and/or container component A: at least one nucleic acid molecule to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 , WDR72- 2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably encoding multi-antigen protein G defined in claim 29, preferably G1 or G2 as defined in claim 30; 17 component B: at least one nucleic acid molecule to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, preferably encoding multi-antigen protein A defined in claim 29, preferably A1 as defined in claim 30; component C: at least one nucleic acid molecule to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, preferably encoding multi-antigen protein B defined in claim 29, preferably B1 as defined in claim 30. 102. The kit or kit of parts of claim 100, wherein the kit comprises the following components in a vial and/or container component A: at least one nucleic acid molecule to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1 , WDR72- 2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably encoding multi-antigen protein G as defined in claim 29, preferably G1 or G2 as defined in claim 30; component B: at least one nucleic acid molecule to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, preferably encoding multi-antigen protein A defined in claim 29, preferably A1 as defined in claim 30; and at least one nucleic acid molecule to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, preferably encoding multi-antigen protein B defined in claim 29, preferably B1 as defined in claim 30. 103. The kit or kit of parts of claim 101 or 102, wherein the component A is to be administered spatially or temporally separated from component B and/or C. 104. The kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 101 to 103, wherein the component A is to be administered as a prime vaccination and component B and/or C are to be administered as a boost vaccination. 105. The kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 104, additionally comprising at least one checkpoint inhibitor, preferably a PD-1 pathway inhibitor, more preferably an anti PD1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody, as a separate entity in a vial and/or container. 106. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105, for use as a medicament. 107. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105, for use as a medicament in treating or preventing cancer in a subject, or any disease, disorder, or condition related to cancer. 108. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 107, wherein the cancer is selected from squamous cell carcinoma. 109. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use 18 of claim 107 or 108, wherein the cancer is selected from squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), preferably wherein the cancer is squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, more preferably wherein the cancer is metastatic squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. 110. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 106 to 109, wherein the combination, the pharmaceutical composition, the peptide or protein antigen combination, the kit or kit of parts is administered to the subject, preferably by inti-amuscular, intratumoral, or inb-avenous administration, more preferably by intramuscular administration. 111. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 106 to 110, wherein the use comprises the administration of an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 602 or 603, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77, an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 605 or 606, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77, and optionally an RNA compn'sing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77. 112. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 106 to 111, wherein the use compnses the administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 631,632 or 659, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77, an RNA compnsing the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 634,635 or 660, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77, and optionally an RNA compn'sing the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652 or 661, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77. 113. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 110 to 113, wherein the administration compnses two, three, or more administrations, wherein the two, three, or more adminisb-ations are spatially or temporally separated. 19 114. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 106 to 113, comprising a first administration to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6.-1, WDR72-2:4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably to provide multi-antigen protein G as defined in claim 29, preferably G1 or G2 as defined in claim 30; and one or more further administrations to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, preferably to provide multi-antigen protein A as defined in claim 29, preferably A1 as defined in claim 30, and/or multi-antigen protein B as defined in claim 29, preferably B1 as defined in claim 30. 115. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 114, wherein the first administration is a prime vaccination, and the one or more further administrations compnse a boost administration to boost the immune response against the antigens of the first administration. 116. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use ofclaim114or115, wherein the first administration comprises administration of an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 623, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77,and wherein the second administration comprises adminisb-ation of an RNA comprising at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 602 or 603, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 603, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77, and an RNA compnsing at least one coding sequence, wherein the coding sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 605 or 606, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 606, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77. 117. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 114 to 116, wherein the first administration comprises administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 652 or 661, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 652, or a fragment or variant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77,and wherein the second administration comprises administration of an RNA comprising the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 631,632 or 659, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 632, or a fragment or van'ant thereof, preferably formulated in a lipid-based carrier as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77;and 20 an RNA comphsing the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 634,635 or 660, preferably according to SEQ ID NO: 635, or a fragment or vanant of any of these sequences, preferably formulated in a lipid-based earner as defined in any one of claims 67 to 77; 118. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any of claims 114 to 117, wherein the RNAs administered in the second administration are separately formulated and contained in separate compositions, or separately formulated and contained in one composition. 119. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 113, comprising a first adminisfr-ation to provide at least one additional antigen from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA11, and/or MAGEA9, preferably to provide multi-antigen protein A as defined in claim 29, preferably A1 as defined in claim 30, and/or multi-antigen protein B as defined in claim 29, preferably B1 as defined in claim 30; and one or more further administrations to provide antigens encoded by ZC3H8-6:1, WDR72-2.-4, KCNMB2-AS1:4, and NTF3-5:5, preferably to provide multi-antigen protein G as defined in claim 29, preferably G1 or G2 as defined in claim 30. 120. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 119, wherein the first administration comprises administration of an RNA as defined with regard to the second administration in claim 116 or 117, and wherein the second administration comprises administration of an RNA as defined with regard to the first administration in claim 116 or 117. 121. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any of claims 106 to 120, wherein the use comprises subjecting the subject to a standard therapy for treating or preventing a tumor or cancer disease, preferably for b-eating or preventing lung cancer, more preferably squamous NSCLC. 122. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 121, wherein the standard therapy compn'ses adminisb-ation of a further pharmaceutically active component. 123. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 122, wherein the further pharmaceutically active component is a chemotherapeutic agent or a kinase inhibitor. 21 124. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen a3mbination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 123, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent. 125. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 121 to 124, wherein the standard therapy for treating or preventing a tumor or cancer disease comprises radiation therapy. 126. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of any one of claims 122 to 125, wherein the further pharmaceutically active component is an inhibitory and/or stimulatory checkpoint molecule, preferably a checkpoint inhibitor, more preferably a PD-1 pathway inhibitor. 127. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 126, wherein the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti PD-1 antibody, an anti PD-L1 antibody and an anti-PD-L2 antibody, preferably selected from an anti PD-1 antibody or an anti PD-L1 antibody. 128. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 126 or 127, wherein the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is an anti PD-1 antibody, preferably Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab. 129. The combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105 for use of claim 122, wherein the use compnses administration of a PD-1 pathway inhibitor, preferably an anti PD-1 antibody, more preferably Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab, and administration of a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, preferably a platinum-based combination chemotherapy, more preferably carboplatin and paclitaxel. 130. A method of treating or preventing a disease, disorder, or condition, wherein the method compnses applying or administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the combination of any one of claims 1 to 89, the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 90 to 98, the peptide or protein antigen combination of claim 99, or the kit or kit of parts of any one of claims 100 to 105. 131. The method of freating or preventing a disease, disorder, or condition, further characterized by any one of the features as defined in any one of claims 106 to 129.
PCT/EP2025/064160 2024-05-23 2025-05-22 Immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma Pending WO2025242815A1 (en)

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