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WO2025032129A1 - Novel aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds - Google Patents

Novel aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025032129A1
WO2025032129A1 PCT/EP2024/072344 EP2024072344W WO2025032129A1 WO 2025032129 A1 WO2025032129 A1 WO 2025032129A1 EP 2024072344 W EP2024072344 W EP 2024072344W WO 2025032129 A1 WO2025032129 A1 WO 2025032129A1
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spp
alkyl
acetyl
formula
chcl2
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French (fr)
Inventor
Mattia Riccardo Monaco
Daria GROSHEVA
Michael FLAESCHEL
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Syngenta Crop Protection AG Switzerland
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Syngenta Crop Protection AG Switzerland
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Publication of WO2025032129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025032129A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C311/01—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C311/02—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C311/09—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by at least two halogen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N41/06—Sulfonic acid amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/04—Insecticides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pesticidally active, in particular insecticidally active aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds, preferably substituted aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds thereof, to processes for their preparation, to compositions comprising the compounds, and to their use for controlling animal pests, including arthropods and in particular insects.
  • WO 2021/153720 describes certain alkoxy benzoic acid amide derivatives. There have now been found certain novel pesticidally active aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds compounds.
  • novel compounds of formula (I) have, for practical purposes, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients, for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability.
  • certain compounds of formula (I) may show an advantageous safety profile with respect to non-target arthropods, in particular pollinators such as honey bees, solitary bees, and bumble bees. Most particularly, Apis mellifera.
  • a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect, Such a composition may further comprise at least one additional active ingredient and/or an agrochemically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
  • a method of combating and controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect.
  • a method for the protection of plant propagation material from the attack by insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises treating the propagation material or the site, where the propagation material is planted, with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect.
  • the present invention makes available a plant propagation material, such as a seed, comprising, or treated with or adhered thereto, a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect.
  • Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, e.g., perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C1- C4alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, e.g., acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, e.g., oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g., ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as C1-C4alkane- or aryl
  • Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, e.g., mineral salts such as alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, e.g., ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • bases e.g., mineral salts such as alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., sodium, potassium or magnesium salts
  • salts with ammonia or an organic amine such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are in free form, in oxidized form as a N-oxide or in salt form, e.g., an agronomically usable salt form.
  • N-oxides are oxidized forms of tertiary amines or oxidized forms of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic compounds. They are described for instance in the book “Heterocyclic N-oxides” by A. Albini and S. Pietra, CRC Press, Boca Raton 1991.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formed during the salt formation.
  • substituents are indicated as being “optionally substituted”, this means that they may or may not carry one or more identical or different substituents, e.g., one, two or three R x substituents.
  • C1-C6alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogens may include, but not be limited to, -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CCl3, -CH2F, -CHF2, - CF3, -CH2CF3 or -CF2CH3 groups.
  • C1-C6alkoxy substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogens may include, but not be limited to, CH2ClO-, CHCl2O-, CCl3O-, CH2FO-, CHF2O-, CF3O-, CF3CH2O- or CH3CF2O- groups.
  • halogen or “halo” refers to fluorine (fluoro), chlorine (chloro), bromine (bromo) or iodine (iodo), preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
  • halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, haloalkoxy, and halocycloalkyl.
  • amino means a -NH2 group.
  • cyano means a -CN group.
  • hydroxyl or “hydroxy” means an -OH group.
  • carboxylic acid means a -COOH group.
  • C1-Cn-alkyl refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms, for example, any one of the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n- pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,
  • C3-Cn-cycloalkyl refers to 3 to n membered cycloalkyl radical such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • C1-Cn-alkoxy refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is via an oxygen atom, e.g.,, for example, any one of the radicals methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy and 1,1-dimethylethoxy.
  • C2-Cn-alkenyloxy refers to a straight-chain or branched alkenyl chain having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom.
  • C1-Cn-alkoxy-C1-Cn-alkyl refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a C1-Cn-alkoxy group. Examples are methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl and propoxymethyl.
  • C3-Cn-cycloalkyl-C1-Cn-alkyl refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a C3-Cn-cycloalkyl group. Examples are cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl.
  • C3-Cn-halocycloalkyl-C1-Cn-alkyl refers to an alkyl radical substituted with cycloalkyl group, wherein the cycloalkyl group is substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. Examples are 3,3- difluorobutylmethyl, and 1-chlorocyclopropylmethyl.
  • C4-Cn-bicycloalkyl refers to is an annulated non-aromatic bicyclic ring system comprising two rings fused together (e.g., sharing two carbon atoms), and consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • heterocyclyl radical may be bonded to the rest of the molecule vi carbon atom or heteroatom.
  • heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, epoxide, aziridinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxolanyl, morpholinyl, oxazinanyl, oxetanyl, 1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl, or ⁇ -lactamyl.
  • the heterocycloalkyl radical may be substituted on the heteroatom and/or carbon atom.
  • cyanoheterocycloalkyl refers to carbon atom on the heterocycloalkyl radical being substituted by a cyano group.
  • cyano-C1-Cn-alkyl refers to C1-Cn-alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where one of the hydrogen atoms in the radical is be replaced by a cyano group: for example, cyano-methyl, 2-cyano-ethyl, 2-cyano-propyl, 3-cyano-propyl, 1-(cyano-methyl)-2-ethyl, 1-(methyl)- 2-cyano-ethyl, 4-cyanobutyl, and the like.
  • cyano-C3-Cn-cycloalkyl refers to a C3-Cn- cycloalkyl radical substituted with one of the hydrogen atoms by a cyano group
  • cyano-C3- Cn-cycloalkyl-C1-Cn-alkyl refers to an C1-Cn-alkyl radical having a cyano-C3-Cn-cycloalkyl group.
  • C1-Cn-haloalkyl refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine, e.g.,, for example, any one of chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2- 83014_FF 5 bromoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-d
  • C1-C2fluoroalkyl would refer to a C1- C2alkyl radical which carries 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 fluorine atoms, for example, any one of difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl or pentafluoroethyl.
  • C2-Cn-haloalkenyl or “C2-Cn-haloalkynyl” as used herein refers to a C2- Cn-alkenyl or C2-Cn-alkynyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halo atoms which may be the same or different.
  • C3-Cn-halocycloalkyl or “C1-Cn-haloalkoxy” as used herein refers to a C3-Cn-cycloalkyl radical or C1-Cn-alkoxyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halo atoms which may be the same or different.
  • phenyl-C 1 -C n -alkyl refers to a C 1 -C n -alkyl radical substituted by a phenyl ring. Examples include benzyl.
  • phenyl-C1-Cn-alkyl radical may be substituted on alkyl group and/or phenyl group.
  • heteroaryl refers to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic monocyclic ring radical which comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms individually selected from N, O and S.
  • heteroaryl examples include, but are not limited to, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, or pyridyl.
  • heteroaryl-C1-Cn-alkyl or “heteroaryl- C3-Cn-cycloalkyl” refers to an C1-Cn-alkyl or C3-Cn-cycloalkyl radical respectively substituted by a heteroaryl group.
  • the heteroaryl-C1-Cn-alkyl or heteroaryl-C3-Cn-cycloalkyl radical may be substituted on heteroaryl, alkyl and/or cycloalkyl group as appropriate.
  • controlling refers to reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests and/or preventing further pest damage such that damage to a plant or to a plant derived product is reduced.
  • pest refers to insects, and molluscs that are found in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, the storage of products of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); and those pests associated with the damage of man-made structures. The term pest encompasses all stages in the life cycle of the pest.
  • the term "effective amount” refers to the amount of the compound, or a salt thereof, which, upon single or multiple applications provides the desired effect. 83014_FF 6 An effective amount is readily determined by the skilled person in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous In determining the effective amount, a number of factors are considered including, but not limited to the type of plant or derived product to be applied; the pest to be controlled and its lifecycle; the particular compound applied; the type of application; and other relevant circumstances.
  • X is selected from CH2, or CH2-CH2. In one embodiment X is CH2. In another embodiment X is CH2-CH2.
  • R 1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl. Even more preferably R 1 is C1-C3-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R 1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, or C4-C8-bicycloalkyl.
  • R 1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3- haloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C2-alkyl, or cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl.
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1- C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2- alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl. More preferably R 2 is hydrogen, or methyl. Even more preferably R 2 is hydrogen.
  • R 3 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl. Preferably R 3 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 3 is hydrogen.
  • R 4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3-alkyl.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, or halogen.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro.
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl; or R5 and R6 form together with the carbon to which they are attached a C3-C5-cycloalkyl ring.
  • R5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R 5 and R 6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl ring.
  • R 5 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl.
  • R 5 is hydrogen or methyl. More preferably R 5 is methyl.
  • R 6 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl.
  • R 6 is hydrogen or methyl. More preferably R 6 is hydrogen.
  • R 5 and R 6 form together with the carbon to which they are attached a C3-C5 cycloalkyl ring.
  • R 5 and R 6 form together with the carbon to which they are attached a cyclopropyl ring.
  • R 7 is selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein any of said cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, or C1-C3-haloalkyl; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S and O, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy.
  • R 7 is selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1- 83014_FF 8 C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl or C1-C3- haloalkyl; and wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S or O, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, or said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy.
  • R 7 is selected from C1- C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 heteroatom selected from N, S or O, and wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy. More preferably R 7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl.
  • R 7 is C1-C2-haloalkyl. Even more preferably R 7 is dichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl. Still even more preferably R 7 is trifluoromethyl.
  • R 8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1- C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C3-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl.
  • R 8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2- alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl. More preferably R 8 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetyl, methoxymethyl, or ethoxymethyl.
  • R 8 is hydrogen, methyl, acetyl, or methoxymethyl. Still even more preferably R8 is hydrogen.
  • R 9 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl. Preferably R 9 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. More preferably R 9 is hydrogen, or methyl. Even more preferably R 9 is hydrogen.
  • the present invention accordingly, makes available a compound of formula (I) having R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and X as defined above in all combinations / each permutation. Embodiments according to the invention are provided as set out below.
  • X is CH2, or CH2-CH2;
  • X is CH2, or CH2-CH2;
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A), wherein X is CH2: are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
  • A) according to the present invention R 2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R 3 is hydrogen or methyl; R 4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R 5 and R 6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group; R 8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R 9 is hydrogen, or methyl; and R 1 and R 7 are as defined as
  • R 2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen or methyl;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R 5 and R 6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl 83014_FF 10 group;
  • R 7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl;
  • R 8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, or R
  • the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-B), wherein X is CH2-CH2: are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
  • R 2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl
  • R 3 is hydrogen or methyl
  • R 4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R 5 and R 6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group
  • R 8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl
  • R 9 is hydrogen, or methyl
  • R 1 and R 7 are hydrogen, C1-C3
  • R 2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen or methyl;
  • R 4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R 5 and R 6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group;
  • R 7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl;
  • R 8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, or methyl; and
  • R 1 is hydrogen, C1-
  • the compound according to formula (I) is selected from a compound listed in Table A1, A2, A3, or A4, or Table P (below). More preferably, the compound according to formula (I) is selected from a compound listed in Table P (below).
  • the present invention in a further aspect provides a method of controlling parasites in or on an animal in need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the first aspect.
  • the present invention further provides a method of controlling ectoparasites on an animal in need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined om the first aspect.
  • the present invention further provides a method for preventing and/or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect, to an animal in need thereof.
  • Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by those skilled in the art following known methods. More specifically compounds of formula (I), and intermediates therefor can be prepared as described below in the schemes and examples. Certain stereogenic centers have been left unspecified for the clarity and are not intended to limit the teaching of the schemes in any way.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (II), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) with an acid chloride or activated acylating agent of formula (III), wherein R 1 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is as described below.
  • compounds of formula I can be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) to give the activated species (III), wherein G is G1 or G2, in an inert solvent, e.g., pyridine, or THF optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., triethylamine, at temperatures between rt and 180°C.
  • DCC dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
  • EDC 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
  • an acid of the formula (IIIa) can also be activated by reaction with a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU) to provide compounds of formula (III) wherein G is G3 and G4 as described for example in Synthesis 2013, 45, 1569 and J. Prakt. Chem. 1998, 340, 581. Subsequent reaction with an amine of the formula (II) provides compounds of formula I.
  • a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU)
  • compounds of formula (II) can be converted to compounds of formula (I) by reaction with an anhydride of formula (III) wherein G is G5 as described for example in WO2010/100405.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (Ia), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) with a compound of 83014_FF 13 formula (IV), wherein R 8 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Q is halogen, or sulphonate Q1, Q2, or Q5 (Scheme 2 below).
  • reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), or acetonitrile (MeCN), in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate or triethylamine.
  • a base such as potassium carbonate or triethylamine.
  • the reaction can be performed with a reagent of formula (IVa).
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DCM, DMF or MeCN, in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate or triethylamine and with the aid of a catalyst, such as DMPA (4-dimethylamino-pyridine) as described for example in WO2021/178885; Org. Process Res. Dev.2014, 18, 205.
  • the compounds of formula (I) wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (V), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 4 , R 6 , R9and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) with a compound of formula (VI), wherein R7 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is halogen, or sulphonate G5 (Scheme 3 below).
  • Scheme 3 As skilled in the art and described for example in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2016, 5299; J. Am.
  • reaction can be performed in inert organic solvent, such as DCM, dioxane or THF, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, pyridine or 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene.
  • inert organic solvent such as DCM, dioxane or THF
  • base such as triethylamine, pyridine or 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene.
  • compound (V) in a salt form e.g., hydrochloric salt, hydrobromic salt, trifluoroacetic salt, paratoluensulfonic salt, and others known to the person skilled in the , can be similarly used in a conversion to compound (I).
  • a salt form e.g., hydrochloric salt, hydrobromic salt, trifluoroacetic salt, paratoluensulfonic salt, and others known to the person skilled in the
  • reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DCM, dioxane or THF, in the presence of an organic or inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or paratoluensulfonic acid.
  • organic or inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or paratoluensulfonic acid.
  • Compounds (V) can also be obtained and used in following transformations in their salt form (e.g., hydrochloric salt, hydrobromic salt, trifluoroacetic salt, paratoluensulfonic salt, and others known to the person skilled in the art).
  • the compounds of formula (VII), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (VIII), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an alkylating agent of formula (IXa), wherein R 5 , R 6 and R 9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R 10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, and Q is halogen, hydroxyl or a sulfonate group (Scheme 5).
  • reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DMF, acetone or MeCN, in the presence of a base, such as cesium carbonate, sodium or sodium carbonate.
  • organic solvent such as DMF, acetone or MeCN
  • compounds (VIII) can be converted by a Mitsunobu reaction with IXa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2005/035532; WO2000/071508; J. Med. Chem.2020, 63, 14867.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine.
  • compounds (VIII) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (IXb) to compounds (VII) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2008/109613.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, or sodium carbonate.
  • the compounds of formula (VIII), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (X), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 6 below).
  • Scheme 6 As shown in known to those skilled in the art and shown for example in Eur. J. Med. Chem.2014, 86, 700-709; Tetrahedron 2002, 58(21), 4225-4236; J. Med. Chem.2004, 47(10), 2624-2634; J. Med.
  • the reaction can be performed in water in the presence of an acid such as hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride or methansulfonic acid, optional in the presence of an additive such as methionine at a temperature between -20°C and 150°C.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, chloroform, toluene, benzene or 1,2-dichloroethane, in the presence of a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride in the optional presence of an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C and 150°C.
  • R 11 is benzyl
  • the transformation can also be performed in an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, ethanol, or methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as palladium on charcoal and in the presence of a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the compounds of formula (X), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XI), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with an acid chloride or activated acylating agent of formula (III), wherein R 1 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is as described in Scheme 1 above (scheme 7) 83014_FF 16 Scheme 7
  • compounds of formula (III) where G is halogen are formed by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with for example, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride in the presence of catalytic quantities of DMF in inert solvents such as DCM or THF at temperatures
  • compounds of formula I can be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) to give the activated species (III), wherein G is G1 or G2, in an inert solvent, e.g., pyridine, or THF optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., triethylamine, at temperatures between rt and 180°C.
  • DCC dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
  • EDC 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
  • an acid of the formula (IIIa) can also be activated by reaction with a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU) to provide compounds of formula (III) wherein G is G3 and G4 as described for example in Synthesis 2013, 45, 1569 and J. Prakt. Chem. 1998, 340, 581. Subsequent reaction with an amine of the formula (XI) provides compounds of formula X.
  • a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU)
  • compounds of formula (XI) can be converted to compounds of formula (X) by reaction with an anhydride of formula (III) wherein G is G5 as described for example in WO2010100405.
  • the compounds of formula (XI), wherein R 3 , R 4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R 2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I), C1-C6-alkoxy or hydroxyl, and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XII), wherein R 2 , R 4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl. This is shown in Scheme 8 below.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, THF, methyl 83014_FF 17 tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate or ethanol in the presence of a reductant such as hydrogen atmosphere, lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride; with of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal or a nickel species such as nickel acetate and the optional use of an additive such as hydrogen chloride or acetic acid.
  • a reductant such as hydrogen atmosphere, lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride
  • a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal or a nickel species such as nickel acetate
  • an additive such as hydrogen chloride or acetic acid.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as THF, hexane, methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane or toluene; in the presence of an organometallic reagent such as an alkyllithium species, a Grignard reagent, or an alkyl boronate species.
  • organic solvent such as THF, hexane, methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane or toluene
  • an organometallic reagent such as an alkyllithium species, a Grignard reagent, or an alkyl boronate species.
  • the compounds of formula (XII), wherein R 4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R 2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) or hydroxyl, and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XIII), R 4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with a compound of formula (XIV), wherein R 2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) or hydroxyl (Scheme 9).
  • reaction can be performed in water or in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or methyl tetrahydrofuran in the optional presence of a basic additive such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, pyridine or triethylamine at a temperature from 0°C to 150°C.
  • organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or methyl tetrahydrofuran
  • a basic additive such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, pyridine or triethylamine at a temperature from 0°C to 150°C.
  • the compounds of formula (VII), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XV), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with an acid chloride or activated acylating agent of formula (III), wherein R 1 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is as described in Scheme 1 (Scheme 10).
  • Scheme 10 83014_FF 18 As shown in Scheme 10, compound (IIIa), is activated to compounds of formula (III) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example Tetrahedron 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852.
  • compounds of formula (III) where G is halogen are formed by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with for example, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride in the presence of catalytic quantities of DMF in inert solvents such as DCM or THF at temperatures between 25 and 170°C, preferably 25 and 80°C.
  • compounds of formula (VII) can be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) to give the activated species (III), wherein G is G1 or G2, in an inert solvent, e.g., pyridine, or THF optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., triethylamine, at temperatures between rt and 180°C.
  • DCC dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
  • EDC 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
  • an acid of the formula (IIIa) can also be activated by reaction with a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU) to provide compounds of formula (III) wherein G is G3 and G4 as described for example in Synthesis 2013, 45, 1569 and J. Prakt. Chem. 1998, 340, 581. Subsequent reaction with an amine of the formula (XV) provides compounds of formula (VII).
  • a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU)
  • compounds of formula (XV) can be converted to compounds of formula (VII) by reaction with an anhydride of formula (III) wherein G is G5 as described for example in WO2010/100405.
  • the compounds of formula (XV), wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I), C1-C6-alkoxy or hydroxyl and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XVI), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl.
  • Scheme 11 As shown known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2009138386, J. Med. Chem.1977, 20(6), 771, J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54(9), 2204, Org. Lett. 2020, 22(6), 2486, Org. Lett. 2022, 24(40), 7465.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, THF, methyl tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate or ethanol in the presence of a reductant such as hydrogen atmosphere, lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride; with the aid of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal or a nickel species such as nickel acetate and the optional use of an additive such as hydrogen chloride or acetic acid.
  • a reductant such as hydrogen atmosphere, lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride
  • a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal or a nickel species such as nickel acetate
  • an additive such as hydrogen chloride or acetic acid.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as THF, hexane, methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane or toluene; in the presence of an organometallic reagent such as an alkyllithium species, a Grignard reagent, or an alkyl boronate species.
  • organic solvent such as THF, hexane, methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane or toluene
  • an organometallic reagent such as an alkyllithium species, a Grignard reagent, or an alkyl boronate species.
  • reaction can be performed in water or in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or methyl tetrahydrofuran in the optional presence of a basic additive such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, pyridine or triethylamine at a temperature from 0°C – 150°C.
  • organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or methyl tetrahydrofuran
  • a basic additive such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, pyridine or triethylamine at a temperature from 0°C – 150°C.
  • the compounds of formula (XVII), wherein R 5 , R 6 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XVIII), wherein R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an alkylating agent of formula (IXa), wherein R 5 , R 6 and R 9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R 10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl and Q is halogen, hydroxyl, or sulfonate group Q1, Q2, or Q3 (Scheme 13 below).
  • compounds (XVIII) can be a Mitsunobu reaction with IXa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2005/035532; WO2000/071508; J. Med. Chem.2020, 63, 14867.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine.
  • compounds (XVIII) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (IXb) to compounds (XVII) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2008109613.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride or sodium carbonate.
  • a base such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride or sodium carbonate.
  • the compounds of formula (XVIII), wherein R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XIII), wherein R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 14 below).
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, chloroform, toluene, benzene or 1,2 dichloroethane in the presence of a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride in the optional presence of an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C and 150°C.
  • a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride
  • an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C and 150°C.
  • R 11 is benzyl
  • the transformation can also be performed in an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, ethanol or methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as palladium on charcoal and in the presence of an hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, DCM, THF, dioxane or ethanol, in the presence of a nucleophilic reagent such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine or ammonia.
  • a nucleophilic reagent such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine or ammonia.
  • reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DCM, dioxane or THF, in the presence of an organic or inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or paratoluensulfonic acid.
  • organic or inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or paratoluensulfonic acid.
  • Compounds (V) can also be obtained and used in following transformations in their salt form (e.g., hydrochloric salt, hydrobromic salt, trifluoroacetic salt, paratoluensulfonic salt, and others known to the person skilled in the art).
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or ethylacetate, in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal and in the presence of hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, DCM, THF, dioxane or ethanol, in the presence of a nucleophilic reagent such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine or ammonia.
  • the compounds of formula (XIX), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XX), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with an alkylating agent of formula (XXIa), wherein R 5 , R 6 and R 9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Q is halogen, hydroxyl (Q3), or sulfonate group Q1 or Q2 (Scheme 16 below).
  • compounds (XX) can be converted by a Mitsunobu reaction with XXIa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art for example in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2009, 19(1), 119-122, Eur. J. Med. Chem.2017, 137, 63-75.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine.
  • compounds (XX) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (XXIb) to compounds (XIX) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in J. Chem. Res.2008, (5), 297- 300, J. Org. Chem.2014, 79(11), 5121.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile, THF or ethylacetate, in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, pyridine, triethylamine, or sodium carbonate.
  • the compounds of formula (XX), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XXII), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 11 and R 12 are independently C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 17 below).
  • Scheme 17 As shown in known to those skilled in the art and shown for example in WO2008/107321, WO2008/094896, Eur. J. Med.
  • reaction can be performed in water in the presence of an acid such as hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride or methansulfonic acid in the optional presence of an additive such as methionine at a temperature between -20°C and 150°C.
  • an acid such as hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride or methansulfonic acid
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, chloroform, toluene, benzene or 1,2 dichloroethane in the presence of a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride in the optional presence of an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C – 150°C.
  • a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride
  • an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C – 150°C.
  • R 11 is benzyl
  • the transformation can also be performed in an organic solvent such as EtOAc, ethanol or methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as palladium on charcoal under a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the compounds of formula (XXII), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R 11 and R 12 are independently C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XI), wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), and R 11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with a compound of formula (XXIII), wherein R 12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, and G is halogen or G6 (Scheme 18).
  • reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, THF, dioxane, methyl tetrahydrofuran or toluene in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, pyridine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or diisopropylethylamine.
  • organic solvent such as DCM, THF, dioxane, methyl tetrahydrofuran or toluene
  • a base such as triethylamine, pyridine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or diisopropylethylamine.
  • the compounds of formula (Ia), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (VIII), R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an alkylating agent of formula (XXIa), wherein R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Q is halogen, hydroxyl Q3, or sulfonate group Q1, Q2, or Q3 (Scheme 19).
  • compounds (VIII) can be converted by a Mitsunobu reaction with XXIa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2009, 19(1), 119-122, Eur. J. Med. Chem.2017, 137, 63-75.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine.
  • compounds (VIII) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (XXIb) to compounds (Ia) by methods known to those skilled in the art described for example in J. Chem. Res.2008, (5), 297- 300, J. Org. Chem.2014, 79(11), 5121.
  • the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile, THF or EtOAc in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, pyridine, triethylamine, or sodium carbonate.
  • a base such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, pyridine, triethylamine, or sodium carbonate.
  • the reactants can be reacted in the presence of a base.
  • suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal dialkylamides or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylsilylamides, alkylamines, alkylenediamines, free or N-alkylated saturated or unsaturated cycloalkylamines, basic heterocycles, ammonium hydroxides and carbocyclic amines.
  • Examples which may be mentioned are sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium tert- butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, calcium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-(N,N- dimethylamino)pyridine, quinuclidine, N-methylmorpholine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and 1,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
  • DBU 1,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
  • the reactants can be reacted with each other as such, e.g., without adding a solvent or diluent. In most cases, however, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, bases which are employed in excess, such as triethylamine, pyridine, N- methylmorpholine or N,N-diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents.
  • bases which are employed in excess such as triethylamine, pyridine, N- methylmorpholine or N,N-diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents.
  • the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range from approximately -80°C to approximately +140°C, preferably from approximately -30°C to approximately +100°C, in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and approximately +80°C.
  • Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be prepared in a manner known per se.
  • acid addition salts of compounds of formula (I) are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
  • Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds I, acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger 83014_FF 25 reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
  • Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds of formula (I), acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.
  • a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride
  • a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt
  • an acid for example with silver acetate
  • an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.
  • the compounds of formula (I) which have salt-forming properties can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and/or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule; the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and hereinbelow, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case.
  • Diastereomeric mixtures or racemic mixtures of compounds of formula (I), in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diastereomers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and/or chromatography.
  • Enantiomeric mixtures such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is com- plexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphor sulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities
  • Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry. 83014_FF 26 It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, for example enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity.
  • compounds with more than one asymmetric carbon atoms may exist in diastereomeric forms which can be optionally separated using for example supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) chromatography with chiral columns.
  • SFC supercritical fluid chromatography
  • Such diastereomers can show a different insecticidal activity profile, but all isomers and diastereomers form part of this invention.
  • the compounds of formula (I), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are as defined according to the present invention, may possess three chiral centres at carbon atoms marked with a star (*) as outlined below in formula (I).
  • N-oxides can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (I) with a suitable oxidizing agent, for example the H2O2/urea adduct in the presence of an acid anhydride, e.g., trifluoroacetic anhydride.
  • a suitable oxidizing agent for example the H2O2/urea adduct
  • an acid anhydride e.g., trifluoroacetic anhydride.
  • acid anhydride e.g., trifluoroacetic anhydride.
  • oxidations are known from the literature, for example from J. Med. Chem.1989, 32 (12), 2561-73, or WO 2000/15615. It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, for example enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for example enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity.
  • the presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (I) according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, e.g., enantiomeric or diastereomeric.
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the following Tables A1 to A4 can be prepared according to the methods described herein. The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds of formula (I), in the form of a compound of formula (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-B1) and (I-B2).
  • Table A1 provides 324 compounds of formula (I-A1), wherein X is CH2, R 2 , R 3 are hydrogen, R 5 is methyl, R 6 is hydrogen, R 9 is hydrogen, and wherein R 1 , R 4 , R 7 and R 8 are as defined as in table A1.
  • R 7 R 1 1 H H CF3 ethyl 2 H H CHF2 ethyl 3 H H CHCl2 ethyl 4 H F CF3 ethyl 5 H F CHF2 ethyl 6 H F CHCl2 ethyl 7 H Cl CF3 ethyl 8 H Cl CHF2 ethyl 9 H Cl CHCl2 ethyl 10 CH 2 OMe H CF3 ethyl 11 CH 2 OMe H CHF2 ethyl 12 CH2OMe H CHCl2 ethyl 13 CH2OMe F CF3 ethyl 14 CH 2 OMe F CHF2 ethyl 15 CH 2 OMe F CHCl2 ethyl 16 CH 2 OMe Cl CF3 ethyl 17 CH 2 OMe Cl CHF2 ethyl 18 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 ethyl 19 Acetyl H CF3 ethy
  • the active ingredients according to the invention act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, animal pests, such as insects or representatives of the order Acarina.
  • the insecticidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i. e. in destruction of the pests, which takes place either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate.
  • Examples of the above-mentioned animal pests are: from the order Acarina, for example: Acalitus spp., Aculus spp., Acaricalus spp., Aceria spp., Acarus siro, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia spp., Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides spp., Eotetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Polyphagotarsone latus, Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora
  • Anoplura for example: Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example: Agriotes spp., Amphimallon majale, Anomala orientalis, Anthonomus spp., Aphodius spp., Astylus atromaculatus, Ataenius spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cerotoma spp., Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Cotinis nitida, Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Diloboderus abderus, Epilachna spp., Erra spp., Haematopinus
  • Trogoderma spp. from the order Diptera, for example: Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Antherigona soccata,Bactrocea oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Bradysia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Geomyza tripunctata, Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca 83014_FF 43 spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia s
  • Hemiptera for example: Acanthocoris scabrator, Acrosternum spp., Adelphocoris lineolatus, Aleurodes spp., Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus spp., Cimex spp., Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus spp., Edessa spp., Euchistus spp., Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Lygus spp., Margarodes spp., Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus spp., Nesidiocoris tenu
  • Vespa spp. from the order Isoptera, for example: Coptotermes spp., Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Mastotermes spp., Microtermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.; Solenopsis geminate; from the order Lepidoptera, for example: Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyresthia spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Chrysoteuchi
  • Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp. from the order Orthoptera, for example: Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp., Scapteriscus spp., and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example: Liposcelis spp.; from the order Siphonaptera, for example: Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp.
  • Orthoptera for example: Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp., Scapteriscus
  • Thysanoptera for example: Calliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips spp., Parthenothrips spp., Scirtothrips aurantii, Sericothrips variabilis, Taeniothrips spp., Thrips spp.; from the order Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.
  • the invention may also relate to a method of controlling damage to plant and parts thereof by plant parasitic nematodes (Endoparasitic-, Semiendoparasitic- and Ectoparasitic nematodes), especially plant parasitic nematodes such as root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne arenaria and other Meloidogyne species; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and other Globodera species; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina species; Stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides species; Sting nematodes, Belonolai
  • the compounds of the invention may also have activity against the molluscs.
  • Examples of which include, for example, Ampullariidae; Arion (A. ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus); Bradybaenidae (Bradybaena fruticum); Cepaea (C. hortensis, C. Nemoralis); ochlodina; Deroceras (D. agrestis, D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum); Discus (D. rotundatus); Euomphalia; Galba (G. trunculata); Helicelia (H. itala, H.
  • the active ingredients according to the invention can be used for controlling, i. e.
  • pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.
  • Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts,
  • a compound of the formula (I) can control mites, rust mites and spider mites in crops, tress, and plants selected from vegetables (especially tomatoes and cucurbits), citrus, pome fruits, stone fruit, tree nuts, cotton, tropical crops, avocados, ornamentals, beans, soybean, strawberry, and grapes.
  • vegetables especially tomatoes and cucurbits
  • the compositions and/or methods of the present invention may be also used on any ornamental and/or vegetable crops, including flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens.
  • the invention may be used on any of the following ornamental species: Ageratum spp., Alonsoa spp., Anemone spp., Anisodontea capsenisis, Anthemis spp., Antirrhinum spp., Aster spp., Begonia spp. (e.g., 83014_FF 46 B. elatior, B. semperflorens, B. tubéreux), Bougainvillea spp., Brachycome spp., Brassica spp.
  • Coreopsis spp. Crassula coccinea, Cuphea ignea, Dahlia spp., Delphinium spp., Dicentra spectabilis, Dorotheantus spp., Eustoma grandiflorum, Forsythia spp., Fuchsia spp., Geranium gnaphalium, Gerbera spp., Gomphrena globosa, Heliotropium spp., Helianthus spp., Hibiscus spp., Hortensia spp., Hydrangea spp., Hypoestes phyllostachya, Impatiens spp. (I.
  • Iresines spp. Kalanchoe spp., Lantana camara, Lavatera trimestris, Leonotis leonurus, Lilium spp., Mesembryanthemum spp., Mimulus spp., Monarda spp., Nemesia spp., Tagetes spp., Dianthus spp. (carnation), Canna spp., Oxalis spp., Bellis spp., Pelargonium spp. (P. peltatum, P. Zonale), Viola spp.
  • the invention may be used on any of the following vegetable species: Allium spp. (A. sativum, A. cepa, A. oschaninii, A. Porrum, A. ascalonicum, A.
  • Daucus carota Foeniculum vulgare, Hypericum spp., Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon spp. (L. esculentum, L. lycopersicum), Mentha spp., Ocimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus spp. (P. vulgaris, P. coccineus), Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Rheum rhaponticum, Rosemarinus spp., Salvia spp., Scorzonera hispanica, Solanum melongena, Spinacea oleracea, Valerianella spp. (V. locusta, V.
  • Preferred ornamental species include African violet, Begonia, Dahlia, Gerbera, Hydrangea, Verbena, Rosa, Kalanchoe, Poinsettia, Aster, Centaurea, Coreopsis, Delphinium, Monarda, Phlox, Rudbeckia, Sedum, Petunia, Viola, Impatiens, Geranium, Chrysanthemum, Ranunculus, Fuchsia, Salvia, Hortensia, rosemary, sage, St. Johnswort, mint, sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be particularly suitable for control of mites, spider mites and rust mites, for example, Acarapis spp.; Acarapis woodi; Acarus siro; Acarus spp.; Aceria sheldoni; Aculops pelekassi; Aculops spp.; Aculus pointedendali; Aculus spp.; Amblyseius fallacis; Brevipalpus spp.; Brevipalpus phoenicis; Bryobia praetiosa; Bryobia rubrioculus; Caloglyphus spp.; Cheyletiella blakei; Cheyletiella spp.; Cheyletiella yasguri; Chorioptes bovis; Chorioptes spp.; Cytodites spp.; Demodex bovis; Demodex caballi; Demodex canis; Demodex caprae; Demodex e
  • a compound of formula (I) may control one or more of: Aceria sheldoni ; Aculus lycopersici; Aculus pelekassi; Aculus pointedendali; Brevipalpus phoenicis; Brevipalpus spp.; Bryobia rubrioculus; Eotetranychus carpini; Eotetranychus spp.; Epitrimerus pyri; Eriophyes piri; Eriophyes spp.; Eriophyes vitis; Eutetranychus africanus; Eutetranychus orientalis; Oligonychus pratensis; Panonychus citri; Panonychus ulmi; Phyllocoptes vitis; Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Tetranychus kanzawai; Tetranychus spp.; and Tetranychus urtica
  • a compound of formula (I) may especially be suitable for controlling one or more of: Aceria sheldoni; Aculus pelekassi; Brevipalpus phoenicis; Brevipalpus spp.; Eriophyes piri; Eriophyes vitis; Eutetranychus africanus; Eutetranychus orientalis; Oligonychus pratensis; Panonychus ulmi; Phyllocoptes vitis; Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Tetranychus kanzawai; Tetranychus spp.; and Tetranychus urticae.
  • crops is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
  • Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as d-endotoxins, e.g., Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g., Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp.
  • insecticidal proteins for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae
  • Bacillus thuringiensis such as d-endotoxins, e.g., Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry
  • Xenorhabdus spp. such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus
  • toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins
  • toxins produced by fungi such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins
  • agglutinins proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors
  • steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecd
  • d-endotoxins for example Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A
  • Vip vegetative insecticidal proteins
  • Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701).
  • Truncated toxins for example a truncated Cry1Ab, are known.
  • modified toxins one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced.
  • preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03/018810).
  • Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0374753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0427529, EP-A-451878 and WO 03/052073.
  • transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • CryI-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO95/34656, EP0367474, EP0401979 and WO90/13651.
  • the toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plant tolerance to harmful insects.
  • Such insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two- winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera).
  • Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available.
  • YieldGard ⁇ (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm ⁇ (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus ⁇ (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink ⁇ (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I ⁇ (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B ⁇ (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard I ⁇ (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac and a
  • transgenic crops are: 1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated Cry1Ab toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 83014_FF 49 2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St.
  • This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G-protease recognition sequence.
  • the preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810.
  • MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9.
  • MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects. 5.
  • NK603 ⁇ MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer. Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also described in BATS (Zentrum für Bioschreib und Nachhalttechnik, Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report 2003, (http://bats.ch).
  • crops is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for example, the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PRPs, see e.g., EP0392225).
  • PRPs pathogenesis-related proteins
  • Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP0392225, WO95/33818 and EP0353191.
  • the methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens. Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode. Crops that are tolerance to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, high temperature, chill, frost, or light radiation, for example through expression of NF-YB or other proteins known in the art.
  • fungal for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora
  • bacterial for example or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens.
  • Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode.
  • Crops that are tolerance to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought
  • Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g., EP0392225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g., WO95/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO03/000906).
  • ion channel blockers such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels
  • the viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins include stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called "pathogenesis-related
  • compositions according to the invention are the protection of stored goods and store rooms and the protection of raw materials, such as wood, textiles, floor coverings or buildings, and also in the hygiene sector, especially the protection of humans, domestic animals and productive livestock against pests of the mentioned type.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the first aspect for use in therapy.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in controlling parasites in or on an animal.
  • the present invention further provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in controlling ectoparasites on an animal.
  • present invention further provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in preventing and/or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.
  • the use may exclude methods for the treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy.
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for controlling parasites in or on an animal.
  • the present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for controlling ectoparasites on an animal.
  • the present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites.
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, in controlling parasites in or on an animal.
  • the present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, in controlling ectoparasites on an animal.
  • controlling when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to reducing the number of pests or parasites, eliminating pests or parasites and/or preventing further pest or parasite infestation.
  • treating when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to restraining, slowing, stopping or reversing the progression or severity of an existing symptom or disease. 83014_FF 51
  • the term "preventing" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to the avoidance of a symptom or disease developing in the animal.
  • animal when used in context of parasites in or on an animal may refer to a mammal and a non- mammal, such as a bird or fish. In the case of a mammal, it may be a human or non-human mammal.
  • Non- human mammals include, but are not limited to, livestock animals and companion animals.
  • Livestock animals include, but are not limited to, cattle, camellids, pigs, sheep, goats and horses.
  • Companion animals include, but are not limited to, dogs, cats and rabbits.
  • parasite refers to a pest which lives in or on the host animal and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host animal's expense.
  • An “endoparasite” is a parasite which lives in the host animal.
  • An “ectoparasite” is a parasite which lives on the host animal.
  • Ectoparasites include, but are not limited to, acari, insects and crustaceans (e.g., sea lice).
  • the Acari (or Acarina) sub-class comprises ticks and mites.
  • Ticks include, but are not limited to, members of the following genera: Rhipicaphalus, for example, Rhipicaphalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Amblyomrna; Dermacentor; Haemaphysalis; Hyalomma; Ixodes; Rhipicentor; Margaropus; Argas; Otobius; and Ornithodoros.
  • Mites include, but are not limited to, members of the following genera: Chorioptes, for example Chorioptes bovis; Psoroptes, for example Psoroptes ovis; Cheyletiella; Dermanyssus; for example, Dermanyssus gallinae; Ortnithonyssus; Demodex, e.g., Demodex canis; Sarcoptes, e.g., Sarcoptes scabiei; and Psorergates.
  • Insects include, but are not limited to, members of the orders: Siphonaptera, Diptera, Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Homoptera.
  • Members of the Siphonaptera order include, but are not limited to, Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephatides canis.
  • Members of the Diptera order include, but are not limited to, Musca spp.; bot fly, e.g., Gasterophilus intestinalis and Oestrus ovis; biting flies; horse flies, e.g., Haematopota spp. and Tabunus spp.; haematobia, e.g., haematobia irritans; Stomoxys; Lucilia; midges; and mosquitoes.
  • phrases of the Phthiraptera class include, but are not limited to, blood sucking lice and chewing lice, e.g., Bovicola Ovis and Bovicola Bovis.
  • the term "effective amount" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to the amount or dose of the compound of the invention, or a salt thereof, which, upon single or multiple dose administration to the animal, provides the desired effect in or on the animal.
  • the effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances.
  • a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of mammal; its size, age, and general health; the parasite to be controlled and the degree of infestation; the specific disease or disorder involved; the degree of or involvement or the severity of the disease or disorder; the response of the individual; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered to the animal by any route which has the desired effect including, but not limited to topically, orally, parenterally ' and subcutaneously. Topical administration is preferred.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration include, for example, solutions, emulsions and 83014_FF 52 suspensions and may take the form of a pour-on, spot-on, spray-on, spray race or dip.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered means of an ear tag or collar.
  • Salt forms of the compounds of the invention include both pharmaceutically acceptable salts and veterinary acceptable salts, which can be different to agrochemically acceptable salts.
  • Pharmaceutically and veterinary acceptable salts and common methodology for preparing them are well known in the art. See, for example, Gould, P.L., "Salt selection for basic drugs", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 33: 201 -217 (1986); Bastin, R.J., et al.
  • the present invention may also provide a method for controlling pests (such as mosquitoes and other disease vectors; see also http://www.who.int/malaria/vector_control/irs/en/).
  • the method for controlling pests comprises applying the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping.
  • an IRS indoor residual spraying
  • a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention.
  • the method for controlling such pests comprises applying a pesticidally effective amount of the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate.
  • a pesticidally effective amount of the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate.
  • Such application may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping the pesticidal composition of the invention.
  • an IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface.
  • a substrate such as a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents.
  • Substrates including non-woven, fabrics or netting to be treated may be made of natural fibres such as cotton, raffia, jute, flax, sisal, hessian, or wool, or synthetic fibres such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile or the like.
  • the polyesters are particularly suitable.
  • compositions according to the invention may be the field of tree injection/trunk treatment for all ornamental trees as well all sort of fruit and nut trees.
  • 83014_FF 53 In the field of tree injection/trunk treatment, the compounds according to the present invention may be especially suitable against wood-boring insects the order Lepidoptera as mentioned above and from the order Coleoptera, especially against woodborers listed in the following tables A and B: Table A. Examples of exotic woodborers of economic importance.
  • the present invention may be used to control insect pests at various stages of their life cycle, including eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults.
  • the present invention may be used to control insect pests that feed on the roots of turfgrass including white grubs (such as Cyclocephala spp. (e.g., masked chafer, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus spp. (e.g., European chafer, R. majalis), Cotinus spp. (e.g., Green June beetle, C. nitida), Popillia spp. (e.g., Japanese beetle, P. japonica), Phyllophaga spp.
  • white grubs such as Cyclocephala spp. (e.g., masked chafer, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus spp. (e.g., European chafer, R. majalis), Cotin
  • Ataenius spp. e.g., Black turfgrass ataenius, A. spretulus
  • Maladera spp. e.g., Asiatic garden beetle, M. castanea
  • Tomarus spp. ground pearls
  • Margarodes spp. mole crickets (tawny, southern, and short-winged; Scapteriscus spp., Gryllotalpa africana) and leatherjackets (European crane fly, Tipula spp.).
  • the present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that are thatch dwelling, including armyworms (such as fall armyworm Spodoptera and common armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta), cutworms, billbugs (Sphenophorus spp., such as S. venatus verstitus and S. parvulus), and sod webworms (such as Crambus spp. and the tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis).
  • armyworms such as fall armyworm Spodoptera and common armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta
  • cutworms such as S. venatus verstitus and S. parvulus
  • sod webworms such as Crambus spp. and the tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis.
  • the present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that live above the ground and feed on the turfgrass leaves, including chinch bugs (such as southern chinch bugs, Blissus insularis), Bermudagrass mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis), rhodesgrass mealybug (Antonina graminis), two-lined spittlebug (Propsapia bicincta), leafhoppers, cutworms (Noctuidae family), and greenbugs.
  • the present invention may also be used to control other pests of turfgrass such as red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) that create ant mounds in turf.
  • compositions according to the invention may be active against ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.
  • ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.
  • parasites are: Of the order Anoplurida: Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp. and Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp..
  • Nematocerina and Brachycerina e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Glossina spp., Chrysomyia
  • Siphonapta e.g., Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp..
  • Heteropterida e.g., Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp..
  • Blattarida e.g., Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattelagermanica and Supella spp..
  • Meta- and Meso-stigmata e.g., Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp. and Varroa spp..
  • Actinedida Prostigmata
  • Acaridida Acaridida
  • Acarapis spp. Cheyletiella spp., Ornitrocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergatesspp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp.
  • compositions according to the invention may also be suitable for protecting against insect infestation in the case of materials such as wood, textiles, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and card, leather, floor coverings and buildings.
  • compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, against the following pests: beetles such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinuspecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthesrugicollis, Xyleborus spec.,Tryptodendron spec., Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec.
  • hymenopterans such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus and Urocerus augur, and termites such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis and Coptotermes formosanus, and bristletails such as Lepisma saccharina.
  • the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling one or more pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Leucinodes spp., Tuta spp., Plutella spp., Cydia spp., Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Amyelois spp., Maruca spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Agrotis spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Dalbulus spp., Sternechus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillia spp., Scirpophaga spp., Chilo s
  • a compound TX controls one or more of pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Leucinodes spp., Tuta spp., Plutella spp., Cydia spp., Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Amyelois spp., Maruca spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Agrotis spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Dalbulus spp., Sternechus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popill
  • the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling one or more pests selected from: Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis), Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absolutea, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Chrysodeixis includens, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Dalbulus maidis, Phyllotreta spp., Popillia japonica, Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, C
  • a compound TX controls one or more of pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis) + TX, Helicoverpa armigera + TX, Heliothis virescens + TX, Leucinodes orbonalis + TX, Tuta absolutea + TX, Plutella xylostella + TX, Cydia pomonella + TX, Lobesia spp + TX, Tortrix spp + TX, Maruca vitrata + TX, Chrysodeixis includens + TX, Agrotis ipsilon +
  • the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling in the crops listed in the Table below the pests listed.
  • Compounds according to the invention may possess any number of benefits including, inter alia, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients (for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile (against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability).
  • advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile (against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability).
  • certain compounds of formula (I) may show an advantageous safety profile with respect to non-target arthropods, in particular pollinators such as honey bees, solitary bees, and bumble bees.
  • Apis mellifera is particularly, for example, Apis mellif
  • compositions according to the invention can be broadened considerably, and adapted to prevailing circumstances, by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients.
  • the mixtures of the compounds of formula (I) with other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active 83014_FF 61 ingredients may also have further surprising advantages which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. For example, better tolerance plants, reduced phytotoxicity, insects can be controlled in their different development stages or better behaviour during their production, e.g., during grinding or mixing, during their storage or during their use.
  • Suitable additions to active ingredients here are, for example, representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acylureas, pyridinylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, neonicotinoids and Bacillus thuringiensis preparations.
  • TX means “one compound selected from the compounds of the formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below): (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11- dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E)- dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z)-t
  • Aizawai + TX Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Japonensis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki + TX, Bacillus thurin-giensis subsp. Tenebrionis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subspec.
  • TX Muscodor roseus A3-5 (NRRL Accession No. 30548) + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition + TX, nabam + TX, NC-184 + TX, Neem tree based products + TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N.
  • lecontei NPV + TX nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) + TX, niclosamide + TX, niclosamide-olamine + TX, nicofluprole + TX, nitenpyram + TX, nithiazine + TX, nitrapyrin + TX, octadeca- 2,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octhilinone + TX, omethoate + TX, orfralure + TX, Orius spp.
  • TX trifenmorph + TX, trifluenfuronate + TX, triflumezopyrim + TX, trimedlure + TX, trimedlure A + TX, trimedlure B1 + TX, trimedlure B2 + TX, trimedlure C + TX, trimethacarb + TX, triphenyltin acetate + TX, triphenyltin hydroxide + TX, trunc-call + TX, tyclopyrazoflor + TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis + TX, uredepa + TX, Verticillium lecanii + TX, Verticillium spp.
  • acridum + TX Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae + TX, metarylpicoxamid + TX, metconazole + TX, metepa + TX, methacrifos + TX, methanesulfonyl fluoride + TX, methasulfocarb + TX, methiotepa + TX, methocrotophos + TX, methoprene + TX, methoquin-butyl + TX, methothrin + TX, methoxychlor + TX, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)- 2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2020/193387) + TX, methyl (
  • Bacillus subtilis strain AQ178 + TX Bacillus subtilis strain AQ153 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ743 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (CEASE®, Serenade®, Rhapsody®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 714 (JAZZ®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3002 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3004 + TX, Bacillus subtilis var.
  • amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (Taegro®, Rhizopro®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai GC 91 (Agree®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry 2Ae + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BMP123®, Aquabac®, VectoBac®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Javelin®, Deliver®, CryMax®, Bonide®, Scutella WP®, Turilav WP ®, Astuto®, Dipel WP®, Biobit®, Foray®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki BMP 123 (Baritone®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 (Bioprotec-CAF / 3P®) + TX
  • TX Botrytis cineria + TX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (TerraMax®) + TX, Brevibacillus brevis + TX, Burkholderia cepacia (Deny®, Intercept®, Blue Circle®) + TX, Burkholderia gladii + TX, Burkholderia gladioli + TX, Burkholderia spp.
  • TX Canadian thistle fungus (CBH Canadian Bioherbicide®) + TX, Candida butyri + TX, Candida famata + TX, Candida fructus + TX, Candida glabrata + TX, Candida guilliermondii + TX, Candida melibiosica + TX, Candida oleophila strain O + TX, Candida parapsilosis + TX, Candida pelliculosa + TX, Candida pulcherrima + TX, Candida reuêtii + TX, Candida saitoana (Bio-Coat®, Biocure®) + TX, 83014_FF 74 Candida sake + TX, Candida spp.
  • TX TX
  • TX Cladosporium tenuissimum + TX, Clonostachys rosea (EndoFine®) + TX, Colletotrichum acutatum + TX, Coniothyrium minitans (Cotans WG®) + TX, Coniothyrium spp.
  • TX Filobasidium floriforme + TX, Fusarium acuminatum + TX, Fusarium chlamydosporum + TX, Fusarium oxysporum (Fusaclean®, Biofox C®) + TX, Fusarium proliferatum + TX, Fusarium spp. + TX, Galactomyces geotrichum + TX, Gliocladium catenulatum (Primastop®, Prestop®) + TX, Gliocladium roseum + TX, Gliocladium spp.
  • TX Lagenidium giganteum (Laginex®) + TX, Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii (Mycotal®) conidia of strain KV01 (e.g. Vertalec® by Koppert/Arysta) + TX, Lecanicillium longisporum (Vertiblast®) + TX, Lecanicillium muscarium (Vertikil®) + TX, Lymantria Dispar nucleopolyhedrosis virus (Disparvirus®) + TX, Marinococcus halophilus + TX, Meira geulakonigii + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (Destruxin WP®) + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (Met52®) + TX, Metschnikowia fruticola (Shemer®) + TX, Metschnikowia pulcherrima + TX, Microdochium dimerum (Antibot®) + TX
  • NRRL 305408 + TX, Mycorrhizae spp. (AMykor®, Root Maximizer®) + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (DiTera®, BROS PLUS®) + TX, Ophiostoma piliferum strain D97 (Sylvanex®) + TX, Paecilomyces farinosus + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (MeloCon WG®) + TX, Paecilomyces linacinus (Biostat WP®) + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa + TX, Pantoea agglomerans (BlightBan C9-1®) + TX, Pantoea spp.
  • TX Pasteuria nishizawae in particular strain Pn1 (CLARIVA from Syngenta/ChemChina); + TX, Pasteuria spp. (Econem®) + TX, Penicillium aurantiogriseum + TX, Penicillium billai (Jumpstart®, TagTeam®) + TX, Penicillium brevicompactum + TX, Penicillium frequentans + TX, Penicillium griseofulvum + TX, Penicillium purpurogenum + TX, Penicillium spp.
  • TX Penicillium viridicatum + TX, Phlebiopsis gigantean (Rotstop®) + TX, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Phosphomeal®) + TX, Phytophthora cryptogea + TX, Phytophthora palmivora (Devine®) + TX, Pichia anomala + TX, Pichia guilliermondii + TX, Pichia membranaefaciens + TX, Pichia onychis + TX, Pichia stipites + TX, Pseudomonas 83014_FF 75 aeruginosa + TX, Pseudomonas aureofasciens (Spot-Less Biofungicide®) + TX, Pseudomonas cepacia + TX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis (AtEze®) + TX, corrugate + TX, Pse
  • TX Pseudomonas syringae (Bio-Save®) + TX, Pseudomonas viridiflava + TX, Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22 UL (Sporodex L®) + TX, Puccinia canaliculata + TX, Puccinia thlaspeos (Wood Warrior®) + TX, Pythium paroecandrum + TX, Pythium oligandrum (Polygandron®, Polyversum®) + TX, Pythium periplocum + TX, Rhanella aquatilis + TX, Rhanella spp.
  • Rhizobia Distal®, Vault®
  • Rhizoctonia + TX Rhodococcus globerulus strain AQ719 + TX, Rhodosporidium diobovatum + TX, Rhodosporidium toruloides + TX, Rhodotorula glutinis + TX, Rhodotorula graminis + TX, Rhodotorula mucilagnosa + TX, Rhodotorula rubra + TX, Rhodotorula spp.
  • TX Sordaria fimicola + TX, Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Spod-X®, Spexit®) + TX, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (Littovir®) + TX, Sporobolomyces roseus + TX, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia + TX, Streptomyces albaduncus + TX, Streptomyces exfoliates + TX, Streptomyces galbus + TX, Streptomyces griseoplanus + TX, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop®) + TX, Streptomyces hygroscopicus + TX, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate®) + TX, Streptomyces lydicus WYEC- 108 (ActinoGrow®) + TX, Streptomyces violaceus + TX, Tilletiops
  • Trichoderma asperellum T34 Biocontrol®
  • TX Trichoderma atroviride
  • Trichoderma gamsii TX
  • Trichoderma hamatum TH 382 + TX Trichoderma harzianum rifai (Mycostar®) + TX
  • Trichoderma harzianum T-22 Trianum-P®, PlantShield HC®, RootShield®, Trianum-G® + TX, Trichoderma harzianum T-39 (Trichodex®) + TX, Trichoderma inhamatum + TX, Trichoderma koningii + TX, Trichoderma lignorum + TX, Trichoderma longibrachiatum + TX, Trichoderma polysporum (Binab T®) + TX, Trichoderma spp.
  • LC 52 (Sentinel®) + TX, Trichoderma taxi + TX, Trichoderma virens (formerly Gliocladium virens GL-21) (SoilGuard®) + TX, Trichoderma virens + TX, Trichoderma viride + TX, Trichoderma viride strain ICC 080 (Remedier®) + TX, Trichosporon pullulans + TX, Trichosporon spp. + TX, Trichothecium roseum + TX, Trichothecium spp.
  • TX maydis + TX, various bacteria and supplementary micronutrients (Natural II®) + TX, various fungi (Millennium Microbes®) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX, Vip3Aa20 (VIPtera®) + TX, Virgibaclillus marismortui + TX, Xanthomonas campestris pv.
  • TX Bombus terrestris (Beeline®, Tripol®) + TX, Bombus terrestris (Natupol Beehive®) + TX, Cephalonomia stephanoderis + TX, Chilocorus nigritus + TX, Chrysoperla carnea (Chrysoline®, Chrysopa®) + TX, Chrysoperla rufilabris + TX, Cirrospilus ingenuus + TX, Cirrospilus quadristriatus + TX, Citrostichus phyllocnistoides + TX, Closterocerus chamaeleon + TX, Closterocerus spp.
  • TX Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Planopar®) + TX, Coccophagus cowperi + TX, Coccophagus lycimnia + TX, Cotesia flavipes + TX, Cotesia plutellae + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Cryptobug®, Cryptoline®) + TX, Cybocephalus nipponicus + TX, Dacnusa sibirica (Minusa®, DacDigline®, Minex®) + TX, Delphastus catalinae (Delphastus®) + TX, Delphastus pusillus + TX, Diachasmimorpha krausii + TX, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata + TX, Diaparsis jucunda + TX, Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis + TX, Diglyphus isaea (Diminex®, Miglyphus,
  • TX Steinernematid spp. (Guardian Nematodes®) + TX, Stethorus punctillum (Stethorus®) + TX, Tamarixia radiate + TX, Tetrastichus setifer + TX, Thripobius semiluteus + TX, Torymus sinensis + TX, Trichogramma brassicae (Tricholine b®) + TX, Trichogramma brassicae (Tricho-Strip®) + TX, Trichogramma evanescens + TX, Trichogramma minutum + TX, Trichogramma ostriniae + TX, Trichogramma platneri + TX, Trichogramma pretiosum + TX, Xanthopimpla stemmator + TX; abscisic acid + TX, Aminomite® + TX, BioGain® + TX, bioSea® + TX, Chondrostereum purpureum (Chontrol Paste®)
  • NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC + TX
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No.50185 (CARTISSA® from BASF, EPA Reg. No.71840-19) + TX
  • Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC
  • Bacillus sp. in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S.
  • Patent No.7,094,592 + TX Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No.70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S.
  • Patent No.6,060,051 available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US
  • TX Paenibacillus polymyxa
  • strain AC-1 e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.
  • TX Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, WO 2016/154297 + TX, Pantoea agglomerans, in particular strain E325 (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-21856 (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICALTM FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products) + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX; Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 or mixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT® from bio-ferm, CH) + TX, Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No.
  • CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR + TX; Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g. GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, CA) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g. AVOGREENTM from University of Pretoria) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No.
  • Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 e.g. GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, CA
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 e.g. AVOGREENTM from University of Pretoria
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 also known as strain MBI110
  • B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGardTM from Certis USA LLC) + TX
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE) + TX
  • Bacillus 83014_FF 79 pumilus in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No.
  • Patent No. 5,061,495 + TX Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos.4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277) + TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No.70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos.
  • NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 e.g., HOWLERTM and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US
  • TX Pseudomonas chlororaphis
  • strain MA342 e.g. CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert
  • TX Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g. BLIGHTBAN® A506 by NuFarm) + TX
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g.
  • PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena + TX
  • Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61
  • DSM 7206 Streptomyces galbus strain K61
  • MYCOSTOP® from Verdera, PREFENCE® from BioWorks, cf.
  • BIOKUPRUMTM by AgriLife + TX
  • Chaetomium globosum available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale
  • TX Cladosporium cladosporioides
  • strain H39 having Accession No. CBS122244, US 2010/0291039 (by Stichting Moowgrass Onderzoek) + TX
  • Coniothyrium minitans in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM9660, e.g.
  • Gliocladium roseum also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea
  • strain IK726 Jensen DF, 83014_FF 80 et al. Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain Australasian Plant Pathol. 2007,36(2):95-101) + TX, Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea), in particular strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue A.G.
  • strain ICC 080 having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. or BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.) + TX, Penicillium vermiculatum + TX, Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from danstar Ferment) + TX, Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre, ROMEO® from BASF SE) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CNCM No.1-3936, CNCM No.1-3937, CNCM No.1-3938, CNCM No.1- 3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Com
  • T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol + TX
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain 77B T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain ATCC 20476 IMI 206040
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 e.g. Tenet by Agrimm Technologies Limited
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132 e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited
  • TX Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no. V08/002388 + TX
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no. V08/002389 + TX Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no.
  • Patent No.8,431,120 (from Bi-PA)) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride,strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR) + TX, Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available as BIODERMA® by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A.
  • Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC080 IMI CC 392151 CABI, e.g. BioDerma by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.
  • + TX Trichoderma harmatum + TX
  • Trichoderma harmatum having Accession No. ATCC 28012 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum + TX, Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g.
  • Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain Cepa SimbT5 (from Simbiose Agro), + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain DB 103 (available 83014_FF 81 as T-GRO® 7456 by Dagutat Biolab) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908 (e.g. Trianum-P from Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T- (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35 (e.g.
  • Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039 e.g. Binab TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden
  • TX Trichoderma stromaticum having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g. Tricovab by CEPLAC, Brazil) + TX
  • Trichoderma virens also known as Gliocladium virens
  • strain GL-21 e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US
  • Trichoderma virens strain G- 41 formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No.
  • ATCC 20906 (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US) + TX, Trichoderma viride in particular strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain TV1(e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert) + TX, Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No.
  • NM 99/06216 e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.
  • TX Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 having Accession No.
  • WCS850 deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX; a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos) + TX, a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation) + TX, Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB-SK-5 + TX, Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.) + TX, Azospirillum lipoferum (e.g., VERTEX-IFTM from TerraMax, Inc.) + TX, Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H
  • NRRL B-5015 + TX
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain FZB42 e.g. RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain IN937a + TX Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection) + TX
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 ATCC # PTA-7542, WO 2017/205258
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes
  • Bacillus cereus family member EE128 NRRL No.
  • YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE
  • + TX Bacillus pumilus in particular strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087) + TX, Bacillus siamensis in particular strain KCTC 13613T + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30002 (Accession No. NRRL No. B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.13/330,576) + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30004 (NRRL No. B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.13/330,576) + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g.
  • BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds + TX
  • Lactobacillus sp. e.g. LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI
  • Mesorhizobium cicer e.g., NODULATOR from 83014_FF 82 BASF SE
  • TX Paenibacillus polymyxa in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.) + TX
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g.
  • PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE) + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarum in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585) + TX, Serratia marcescens in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708), + TX, Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience) + TX, Thiobacillus sp. (e.g.
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 (described in WO2009/116106) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TSTh20, + TX, Trichoderma virens strain GI-3 + TX, Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g.
  • aizawai in particular serotype H-7 (e.g. FLORBAC® WG from Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372, e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • serotype H-7 e.g. FLORBAC® WG from Valent BioSciences, US
  • TX Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372, e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences) + TX
  • israeltaki strain ABTS 351 + TX Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 (from Becker Microbial Products, IL, BARITONE from Bayer CropScience) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348 (LEPINOX from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 7841 (CRYMAX from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. 83014_FF 83 kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g.
  • MBI206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations + TX
  • Chromobacterium subtsugae in particular strain PRAA4-1T e.g. MBI-203, e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations
  • TX Chromobacterium subtsugae in particular strain PRAA4-1T
  • MBI-203 e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations
  • TX Lecanicillium muscarium Ve6 (MYCOTAL from Koppert) + TX
  • Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae, e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDERTM or MILKY SPORE GRANULARTM from St. Gabriel Laboratories) + TX
  • Serratia entomophila e.g.
  • ATCC74250 e.g. BOTANIGUARD® ES and MYCONTROL-O® from Laverlam International Corporation
  • TX Metarhizium anisopliae 3213-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67074 disclosed in WO 2017/066094, Pioneer Hi-Bred International) + TX, Metarhizium robertsii 15013-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67073) + TX, Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67075) + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (MELOCON from Certis, US) + TX; Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV) + TX, Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) + TX, of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granul
  • Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia) + TX, Gigaspora spp. + TX, Glomus spp. + TX, Laccaria spp. + TX, LactoBacillus buchneri + TX, Paraglomus spp. + TX, Pisolithus tinctorus + TX, Pseudomonas spp. + TX, Rhizobium spp. in particular Rhizobium trifolii + TX, Rhizopogon spp. + TX, Scleroderma spp. + TX, Streptomyces spp. + TX, Suillus spp.
  • the active ingredient mixture of the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), with active ingredients described above comprises a compound selected from one compound of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), and an active ingredient as described above preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to 1:50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 and 1:5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, and a ratio of from 4:1 to 2:1 being likewise preferred, above all in a ratio of 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or
  • the mixtures as described above can be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body.
  • the mixtures comprising a compound of formula (I) selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I- B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, e.g., one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
  • compositions according to the invention can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, e.g., unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (e.g., epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, e.g., silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, e.g., bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides.
  • auxiliaries such as stabilizers, e.g., unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (e.g., epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, e.g., silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other
  • compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries).
  • auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries).
  • compositions that is the methods of controlling pests of the abovementioned type, such as spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or pouring - which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the prevailing circumstances - and the use of the compositions for controlling pests of the abovementioned type are other subjects of the invention.
  • Typical rates of concentration are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm, of active ingredient.
  • the rate of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 600 g/ha.
  • a preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in question.
  • the active ingredient can reach the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the locus of the plants with a liquid composition or by incorporating the active ingredient in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules can be metered into the flooded paddy-field.
  • the compounds of formula (I) of the invention and compositions thereof are to be also suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants, against pests of the abovementioned type.
  • the propagation material can be treated with the compound prior to planting, for example seed can be treated prior to sowing.
  • the compound can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling.
  • Typical treatment rates would depend on the plant and pest/fungi to be controlled and are generally between 1 to 200 grams per 100 kg of seeds, preferably between 5 to 150 grams per 100 kg of seeds, such as between 10 to 100 grams per 100 kg of seeds.
  • seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corns, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, rhizomes, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds.
  • the present invention also comprises seeds coated or treated with or containing a compound of formula (I).
  • coated or treated with and/or containing generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the seed at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the seed material, depending on the method of application.
  • the said seed product is 83014_FF 87 (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient.
  • the present invention makes available a plant propagation material adhered thereto with a of formula (I). Further, it is hereby made available, a composition comprising a plant propagation material treated with a compound of formula (I). Seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting.
  • the seed treatment application of the compound formula (I) can be carried out by any known methods, such as spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing or during the sowing/planting of the seeds.
  • the compounds of the invention can be distinguished from other similar compounds by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates and/or different pest control, which can be verified by the person skilled in the art using the experimental procedures, using lower concentrations if necessary, e.g., 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2 ppm, 1 ppm or 0.2 ppm; or lower application rates, such as 300, 200 or 100, mg of AI (active ingredient) per m 2 .
  • the formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g., in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g., from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010).
  • Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use.
  • the dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.
  • the formulations can be prepared e.g., by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions.
  • the active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils 83014_FF 88 of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof.
  • the active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules.
  • Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g., slow-release). Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95 % by weight of the capsule weight.
  • the active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution.
  • the encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated.
  • the formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known per se.
  • liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N- dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxi
  • Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances. 83014_FF 89
  • Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes.
  • Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty
  • compositions according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives.
  • the amount of oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the mixture to be applied.
  • the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared.
  • Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, e.g., rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, e.g., the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow.
  • Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, e.g., the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively).
  • Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10 th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.
  • the inventive compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99 % by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95 % by weight, of compounds of the present invention and from 1 to 99.9 % by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25 % by weight of a surface-active substance.
  • the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.
  • the rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop.
  • compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 l/ha, especially from 10 to 1000 l/ha.
  • Emulsifiable concentrates active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 % surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 % liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 %
  • Dusts active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 % solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 %
  • Suspension concentrates active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 % water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 % surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 %
  • Wettable powders active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 % surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 % solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 %
  • Granules active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1
  • Wettable powders a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 % - sodium lauryl sulfate 3 % - 5 % sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate - 6 % 10 % phenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide) - 2 % - highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 % Kaolin 62 % 27 % - The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
  • Powders for dry seed treatment a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % 83014_FF 91 light mineral oil 5 % 5 % 5 % highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 5 % - Kaolin 65 % 40 % - Talcum - - 20 % The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.
  • Dusts a) b) c) Active ingredients 5 % 6 % 4 % Talcum 95 % - - Kaolin - 94 % - mineral filler - - 96 % Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed.
  • Flowable concentrates for seed treatment active ingredients 40 % propylene glycol 5 % copolymer butanol PO/EO 2 % Tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 2 % 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a 20% solution in water) 0.5 % monoazo-pigment calcium salt 5 % Silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 0.2 % Water 45.3 %
  • the finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
  • the mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed.
  • the obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent.
  • the capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients.
  • the medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns.
  • the resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
  • Formulation types include an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, 83014_FF 93 water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP), a soluble granule (SG) or any technically feasible ABBREVIATIONS CDCl3 Deuterated chloroform DCM dichloromethane DMAP 4-dimethylamino-pyrdine DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO-d6 Deuter
  • LC/MS Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and the description of the apparatus, and the methods are as follows. 1 H NMR and 19 F NMR measurements were recorded on a Bruker 400MHz spectrometer, chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a tetramethylsilane (TMS) ( 1 H) or CFCl3 ( 19 F) standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Either one of the LC-MS methods was used to characterize the compounds.
  • TMS tetramethylsilane
  • CFCl3 19 F
  • LC-MS Method A Spectra were recorded on a ACQUITY Mass Spectrometer from Waters Corporations (SQD or SQDII Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, Capillary: 3.0 kV, Cone: 30V, Extractor: 3.00 V, Source Temperature: 150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 400°C, Cone Gas Flow: 60 L/hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 700 L/hr, Mass range: 140 to 800 Da) and an ACQUITY UPLC from Waters Corporations with solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector.
  • LC-MS Method B Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive and negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 350°C, Cone Gas Flow: 50 l/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 l/h, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment, diode-array detector and ELSD detector.
  • Example P1 Preparation of N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]indan-1-yl]propenamide (Compound P-1, Table P) (Compound P-1, Table P) (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)aziridine g, 100 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) was added to a solution of L-alaninol (3.91 g, 50.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in DCM (200 mL) and the resulting solution was cooled to -75°C.
  • L-alaninol 3.91 g, 50.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv.
  • Step C Preparation of N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]indan-1-yl]propenamide (compound P-1, table P)
  • a solution of (2S)-2-methyl-1-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)aziridine (0.166 g, 0.877 mmol) in THF (0.6 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of N-[(1S)-6-hydroxyindan-1-yl]propenamide (0.120 g, 0.585 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.286 g, 0.877 mmol) in THF (2.3 ml).
  • Example B3 Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower thrips) Feeding/Contact activity Bean leaf discs were placed on agar in 24-well plates and sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with a Frankliniella population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality 4 days after infestation.
  • Example B4 Myzus persicae (Green peach aphid) Intrinsic activity Test compounds prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions were applied by pipette into 24-well microtiter plates and mixed with sucrose solution. The plates were closed with a stretched Parafilm. A plastic stencil with 24 holes was placed onto the plate and infested pea seedlings were placed directly on the Parafilm. The infested plate was closed with a gel blotting paper and another plastic stencil and then turned upside down. The samples were assessed for mortality 5 days after infestation.
  • Example B5 Myzus persicae (Green peach aphid) Feeding/Contact activity
  • Eggplant leaf discs were placed onto agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with an aphid population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality 6 days after infestation.
  • P-1, P-3 Example B6: Plutella xylostella (Diamond back moth) 24-well microtiter plates with artificial diet were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by pipetting. After drying, Plutella eggs were pipetted through a plastic stencil onto a gel blotting paper and the plate was closed with it. The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 8 days after infestation.

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Abstract

Compounds of formula (I), (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, can be used as insecticides.

Description

83014_FF 1 NOVEL AMINOINDANE AND AMINOTETRALINE COMPOUNDS The present invention relates to pesticidally active, in particular insecticidally active aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds, preferably substituted aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds thereof, to processes for their preparation, to compositions comprising the compounds, and to their use for controlling animal pests, including arthropods and in particular insects. WO 2021/153720 describes certain alkoxy benzoic acid amide derivatives. There have now been found certain novel pesticidally active aminoindane and aminotetraline compounds compounds. The present invention accordingly relates, in a first aspect, to a compound of the formula (I) (I) wherein X is CH2, or CH2-CH2;
Figure imgf000002_0001
R1 is selected from C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C6- alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C4-C8-bicycloalkyl, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C6- alkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C3-alkyl, wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, S=O and SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C3-alkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S and O, with the proviso that no more than one is S or O; wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3- haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, and wherein any of said phenyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy; R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6- alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; or R5 and R6 form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a C3-C5-cycloalkyl ring; R7 is selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein any of said cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, or C1-C3-haloalkyl; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S and O, with the proviso that no more than one is S or O; 83014_FF 2 and wherein any of said phenyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy; R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6- alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl; and R9 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; or a salt or an N-oxide thereof. Surprisingly, it has been found that the novel compounds of formula (I) have, for practical purposes, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients, for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability. In particular, it has been surprisingly found that certain compounds of formula (I) may show an advantageous safety profile with respect to non-target arthropods, in particular pollinators such as honey bees, solitary bees, and bumble bees. Most particularly, Apis mellifera. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect, Such a composition may further comprise at least one additional active ingredient and/or an agrochemically-acceptable diluent or carrier. According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of combating and controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect. According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for the protection of plant propagation material from the attack by insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs, which comprises treating the propagation material or the site, where the propagation material is planted, with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect. According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the present invention makes available a plant propagation material, such as a seed, comprising, or treated with or adhered thereto, a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect or a composition as defined in the second aspect. Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, e.g., perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C1- C4alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, e.g., acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, e.g., oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g., ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as C1-C4alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, e.g., methane- or p- 83014_FF 3 toluenesulfonic acid. Compounds of formula (I) which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, e.g., mineral salts such as alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, e.g., ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine. In each case, the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are in free form, in oxidized form as a N-oxide or in salt form, e.g., an agronomically usable salt form. N-oxides are oxidized forms of tertiary amines or oxidized forms of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic compounds. They are described for instance in the book “Heterocyclic N-oxides” by A. Albini and S. Pietra, CRC Press, Boca Raton 1991. The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formed during the salt formation. Where substituents are indicated as being “optionally substituted”, this means that they may or may not carry one or more identical or different substituents, e.g., one, two or three Rx substituents. For example, C1-C6alkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogens, may include, but not be limited to, -CH2Cl, -CHCl2, -CCl3, -CH2F, -CHF2, - CF3, -CH2CF3 or -CF2CH3 groups. As another example, C1-C6alkoxy substituted by 1, 2 or 3 halogens, may include, but not be limited to, CH2ClO-, CHCl2O-, CCl3O-, CH2FO-, CHF2O-, CF3O-, CF3CH2O- or CH3CF2O- groups. As used herein, the term "halogen" or “halo” refers to fluorine (fluoro), chlorine (chloro), bromine (bromo) or iodine (iodo), preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine. This also applies, correspondingly, to halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, haloalkoxy, and halocycloalkyl. As used herein, amino means a -NH2 group. As used herein, cyano means a -CN group. As used herein, the term “hydroxyl” or “hydroxy” means an -OH group. As used herein, the term “carboxylic acid” means a -COOH group. As used herein, the term "C1-Cn-alkyl” refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms, for example, any one of the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, n- pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, or 1-ethyl-2- methylpropyl. As used herein, the term “C3-Cn-cycloalkyl” refers to 3 to n membered cycloalkyl radical such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. 83014_FF 4 As used herein, the term "C1-Cn-alkoxy" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is via an oxygen atom, e.g.,, for example, any one of the radicals methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy and 1,1-dimethylethoxy. The term “C2-Cn-alkenyloxy” as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched alkenyl chain having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above) which is attached via an oxygen atom. As used herein, the term “C1-Cn-alkoxy-C1-Cn-alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a C1-Cn-alkoxy group. Examples are methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl and propoxymethyl. As used herein, the term “C3-Cn-cycloalkyl-C1-Cn-alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical (as mentioned above) substituted with a C3-Cn-cycloalkyl group. Examples are cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl. Similarly, the term “C3-Cn-halocycloalkyl-C1-Cn-alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical substituted with cycloalkyl group, wherein the cycloalkyl group is substituted by one or more of the same or different halogen atoms. Examples are 3,3- difluorobutylmethyl, and 1-chlorocyclopropylmethyl. As used herein, the term “C4-Cn-bicycloalkyl” refers to is an annulated non-aromatic bicyclic ring system comprising two rings fused together (e.g., sharing two carbon atoms), and consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Examples are bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl, bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-7-yl, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-yl, octahydro-2-pentalenyl, octahydro-1-pentalenyl. As used herein, the term “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclyl” refers to a stable 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered non- aromatic monocyclic ring radical which comprises 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms/groups individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, S=O and SO2. The heterocyclyl radical may be bonded to the rest of the molecule vi carbon atom or heteroatom. Examples of heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, epoxide, aziridinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxolanyl, morpholinyl, oxazinanyl, oxetanyl, 1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl, or δ-lactamyl. The heterocycloalkyl radical may be substituted on the heteroatom and/or carbon atom. The term “cyanoheterocycloalkyl” refers to carbon atom on the heterocycloalkyl radical being substituted by a cyano group. As used herein, the term “cyano-C1-Cn-alkyl” refers to C1-Cn-alkyl radical having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where one of the hydrogen atoms in the radical is be replaced by a cyano group: for example, cyano-methyl, 2-cyano-ethyl, 2-cyano-propyl, 3-cyano-propyl, 1-(cyano-methyl)-2-ethyl, 1-(methyl)- 2-cyano-ethyl, 4-cyanobutyl, and the like. Similarly, the term “cyano-C3-Cn-cycloalkyl” refers to a C3-Cn- cycloalkyl radical substituted with one of the hydrogen atoms by a cyano group; and the term term “cyano-C3- Cn-cycloalkyl-C1-Cn-alkyl” refers to an C1-Cn-alkyl radical having a cyano-C3-Cn-cycloalkyl group. As used herein, the term "C1-Cn-haloalkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical attached via any of the carbon atoms having 1 to n carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these radicals may be replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine, e.g.,, for example, any one of chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2- 83014_FF 5 bromoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2- difluoropropyl, 2,3-difluoropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2,3-dichloropropyl, 2-bromopropyl, 3- bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trichloropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1- (fluoromethyl)-2-fluoroethyl, 1-(chloromethyl)-2-chloroethyl, 1-(bromomethyl)-2-bromoethyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 4- chlorobutyl, 4-bromobutyl or nonafluorobutyl. Accordingly, the term "C1-C2fluoroalkyl" would refer to a C1- C2alkyl radical which carries 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 fluorine atoms, for example, any one of difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl or pentafluoroethyl. Similarly, the term “C2-Cn-haloalkenyl” or “C2-Cn-haloalkynyl” as used herein refers to a C2- Cn-alkenyl or C2-Cn-alkynyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halo atoms which may be the same or different. Similarly, the term “C3-Cn-halocycloalkyl” or “C1-Cn-haloalkoxy” as used herein refers to a C3-Cn-cycloalkyl radical or C1-Cn-alkoxyl radical respectively substituted with one or more halo atoms which may be the same or different. As used herein, the term “C1-Cn-alkylcarbonyl” refers to a C1-Cn-alkyl group linked through the carbon atom of a carbonyl (C=O) group. As used herein, the term “C1-Cn-alkoxycarbonyl” refers to a C1-Cn-alkoxy moiety linked through a carbon atom of a carbonyl (or C=O) group. As used herein, the term "phenyl-C1-Cn-alkyl" refers to a C1-Cn-alkyl radical substituted by a phenyl ring. Examples include benzyl. The phenyl-C1-Cn-alkyl radical may be substituted on alkyl group and/or phenyl group. As used herein, the term “heteroaryl" refers to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic monocyclic ring radical which comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms individually selected from N, O and S. Examples of heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidyl, or pyridyl. The term “heteroaryl-C1-Cn-alkyl” or “heteroaryl- C3-Cn-cycloalkyl” refers to an C1-Cn-alkyl or C3-Cn-cycloalkyl radical respectively substituted by a heteroaryl group. The heteroaryl-C1-Cn-alkyl or heteroaryl-C3-Cn-cycloalkyl radical may be substituted on heteroaryl, alkyl and/or cycloalkyl group as appropriate. As used herein, the term "controlling" refers to reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests and/or preventing further pest damage such that damage to a plant or to a plant derived product is reduced. As used herein, the term "pest" refers to insects, and molluscs that are found in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, the storage of products of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); and those pests associated with the damage of man-made structures. The term pest encompasses all stages in the life cycle of the pest. As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of the compound, or a salt thereof, which, upon single or multiple applications provides the desired effect. 83014_FF 6 An effective amount is readily determined by the skilled person in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous In determining the effective amount, a number of factors are considered including, but not limited to the type of plant or derived product to be applied; the pest to be controlled and its lifecycle; the particular compound applied; the type of application; and other relevant circumstances. The following list provides definitions, including preferred definitions, for substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and X with reference to the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention. For any one of these substituents, any of the definitions given below may be combined with any definition of any other substituent given below or elsewhere in this document. In one embodiment of the invention, X is selected from CH2, or CH2-CH2. In one embodiment X is CH2. In another embodiment X is CH2-CH2. In one embodiment of the invention, R1 is selected from C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, cyano- C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C6-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C4-C8-bicycloalkyl, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C6-alkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C3-alkyl, wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from N, O, S, S=O or SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C3-alkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S and O, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3- haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, and wherein any of said phenyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy. In another embodiment of the invention, R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C4-C8-bicycloalkyl, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C2-alkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C2-alkyl, wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from N, O, S, S=O, or SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C2-alkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S or O, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, and wherein any of said phenyl, or said 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy. Preferably, R1 is selected from C1-C3-alkyl, C1- C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from N, O, S, S=O, or SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6- 83014_FF 7 cycloalkyl, and wherein said phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3- or C1-C3-alkoxy. More preferably, R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl. Even more preferably R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, or C4-C8-bicycloalkyl. Preferably R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3- haloalkyl, cyclopropyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C2-alkyl, or cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl. In one embodiment of the invention, R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1- C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl. Preferably R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2- alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl. More preferably R2 is hydrogen, or methyl. Even more preferably R2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of the invention, R3 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl. Preferably R3 is hydrogen or methyl. More preferably R3 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of the invention, R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3-alkyl. Preferably R4 is hydrogen, or halogen. More preferably R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro. Even more preferably R4 is hydrogen, or fluoro. In one embodiment of the invention, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; or R5 and R6 form together with the carbon to which they are attached a C3-C5-cycloalkyl ring. Preferably R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl ring. In one embodiment of the invention, R5 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl. Preferably R5 is hydrogen or methyl. More preferably R5 is methyl. In one embodiment of the invention, R6 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl. Preferably R6 is hydrogen or methyl. More preferably R6 is hydrogen. In another embodiment of the invention, R5 and R6 form together with the carbon to which they are attached a C3-C5 cycloalkyl ring. Preferably R5 and R6 form together with the carbon to which they are attached a cyclopropyl ring. In one embodiment of the invention, R7 is selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein any of said cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, or C1-C3-haloalkyl; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S and O, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy. In another embodiment of the invention, R7 is selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1- 83014_FF 8 C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein said cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl or C1-C3- haloalkyl; and wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S or O, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; and wherein any of said phenyl, or said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy. Preferably R7 is selected from C1- C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 heteroatom selected from N, S or O, and wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy. More preferably R7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl. Even more preferably R7 is C1-C2-haloalkyl. Even more preferably R7 is dichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl. Still even more preferably R7 is trifluoromethyl. In one embodiment of the invention, R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1- C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C3-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl. Preferably R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2- alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl. More preferably R8 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetyl, methoxymethyl, or ethoxymethyl. Even more preferably R8 is hydrogen, methyl, acetyl, or methoxymethyl. Still even more preferably R8 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of the invention, R9 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl. Preferably R9 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. More preferably R9 is hydrogen, or methyl. Even more preferably R9 is hydrogen. The present invention, accordingly, makes available a compound of formula (I) having R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and X as defined above in all combinations / each permutation. Embodiments according to the invention are provided as set out below. In one embodiment, in a compound of formula (I) according to the present invention X is CH2, or CH2-CH2; R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6- cycloalkyl, C4-C8-bicycloalkyl, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C2-alkyl, or 5- or 6- membered heteroaryl-C1-C2-alkyl, wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from N, O, S, S=O, or SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C2-alkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S or O, with the proviso that no more than one is O or S; wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, and wherein any of said phenyl, or said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy; R2 is hydrogen, C1- C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2- 83014_FF 9 alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, or halogen; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together the carbon to which they are attached form a cyclopropyl ring; R7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C3- alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; and R9 is hydrogen, or methyl. In one embodiment, in a compound of formula (I) according to the present invention X is CH2, or CH2-CH2; R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from N, O, S, S=O, or SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6- cycloalkyl, and wherein said phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1- C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group; R7 is C1-C2-haloalkyl; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; and R9 is hydrogen, or methyl. In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-A), wherein X is CH2: are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Figure imgf000010_0001
A) according to the present invention R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R9 is hydrogen, or methyl; and R1 and R7 are as defined as for compounds of formula (I). In one embodiment, in a compound of formula (I-A) according to the present invention R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl 83014_FF 10 group; R7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R9 is hydrogen, or R1 is as defined as for compounds of formula (I). In one embodiment, in a compound of formula (I-A) according to the present invention R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1- C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from N, O, S, S=O, or SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6- cycloalkyl, and wherein said phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1- C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group; R7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2- alkoxycarbonyl; and R9 is hydrogen, or methyl. In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) may be a compound of formula (I-B), wherein X is CH2-CH2: are as defined for compounds of formula (I). In
Figure imgf000011_0001
B) according to the present invention R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R9 is hydrogen, or methyl; and R1 and R7 are as defined as for compounds of formula (I). In one embodiment, in a compound of formula (I-B) according to the present invention R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3- alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group; R7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R9 is hydrogen, or methyl; and R1 is as defined as for compounds of formula (I). 83014_FF 11 In one embodiment, in a compound of formula (I-B) according to the present invention R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1- C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl- C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6- membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from N, O, S, S=O, or SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6- cycloalkyl, and wherein said phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1- C3-alkoxy, C1-C2-alkoxy-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group; R7 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl; R8 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2- alkoxycarbonyl; and R9 is hydrogen, or methyl. Preferably, the compound according to formula (I) is selected from a compound listed in Table A1, A2, A3, or A4, or Table P (below). More preferably, the compound according to formula (I) is selected from a compound listed in Table P (below). The present invention in a further aspect provides a method of controlling parasites in or on an animal in need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the first aspect. The present invention further provides a method of controlling ectoparasites on an animal in need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined om the first aspect. The present invention further provides a method for preventing and/or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in the first aspect, to an animal in need thereof. Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by those skilled in the art following known methods. More specifically compounds of formula (I), and intermediates therefor can be prepared as described below in the schemes and examples. Certain stereogenic centers have been left unspecified for the clarity and are not intended to limit the teaching of the schemes in any way. The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (II), wherein R2, R3, R5, R4, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) with an acid chloride or activated acylating agent of formula (III), wherein R1 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is as described below. This is shown in Scheme 1 below: 83014_FF 12 Scheme 1
Figure imgf000013_0001
those skilled in the art and described for example in Tetrahedron 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852. For example, when not commercially available, compounds of formula (III) where G is halogen are formed by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with for example, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride in the presence of catalytic quantities of DMF in inert solvents such as DCM or THF at temperatures between 25-170°C preferably 25- 80°C. Treatment of (II) with compounds of formula (III), optionally in the presence of a base, e.g. triethylamine or pyridine leads to compounds of formula (I). Alternatively, compounds of formula I can be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) to give the activated species (III), wherein G is G1 or G2, in an inert solvent, e.g., pyridine, or THF optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., triethylamine, at temperatures between rt and 180°C. In addition, an acid of the formula (IIIa) can also be activated by reaction with a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU) to provide compounds of formula (III) wherein G is G3 and G4 as described for example in Synthesis 2013, 45, 1569 and J. Prakt. Chem. 1998, 340, 581. Subsequent reaction with an amine of the formula (II) provides compounds of formula I. Alternatively, compounds of formula (II) can be converted to compounds of formula (I) by reaction with an anhydride of formula (III) wherein G is G5 as described for example in WO2010/100405. The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (Ia), wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R4, R6, R7, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) with a compound of 83014_FF 13 formula (IV), wherein R8 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Q is halogen, or sulphonate Q1, Q2, or Q5 (Scheme 2 below). Scheme 2 As skilled
Figure imgf000014_0001
in the the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), or acetonitrile (MeCN), in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate or triethylamine. Alternatively, the reaction can be performed with a reagent of formula (IVa). In this case the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DCM, DMF or MeCN, in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate or triethylamine and with the aid of a catalyst, such as DMPA (4-dimethylamino-pyridine) as described for example in WO2021/178885; Org. Process Res. Dev.2014, 18, 205. The compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (V), wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R4, R6, R9and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) with a compound of formula (VI), wherein R7 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is halogen, or sulphonate G5 (Scheme 3 below). Scheme 3
Figure imgf000014_0002
As skilled in the art and described for example in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2016, 5299; J. Am. Chem. Soc.2018, 5322; WO2021/153720, WO2010/150192, WO2018/013774, WO2021/153720. For example, the reaction can be performed in inert organic solvent, such as DCM, dioxane or THF, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, pyridine or 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. Alternatively, as known to those skilled in the 83014_FF 14 art, compound (V) in a salt form (e.g., hydrochloric salt, hydrobromic salt, trifluoroacetic salt, paratoluensulfonic salt, and others known to the person skilled in the , can be similarly used in a conversion to compound (I). The compounds of formula (V), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (VII), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 4 below). Scheme 4 As to those skilled
Figure imgf000015_0001
Chem. 2003, 46, 1845, Org. Lett.2022, 2064, WO2019/244066. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DCM, dioxane or THF, in the presence of an organic or inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or paratoluensulfonic acid. Compounds (V) can also be obtained and used in following transformations in their salt form (e.g., hydrochloric salt, hydrobromic salt, trifluoroacetic salt, paratoluensulfonic salt, and others known to the person skilled in the art). The compounds of formula (VII), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (VIII), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an alkylating agent of formula (IXa), wherein R5, R6 and R9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, and Q is halogen, hydroxyl or a sulfonate group (Scheme 5). Scheme 5
Figure imgf000015_0002
e.g., halogen or sulfonate Q1 or Q2) to compounds (VII) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in J. Chem. Inf. Model.2020, 60, 1028; J. Med. Chem.2003, 46, 1845; WO2020/005935. For 83014_FF 15 example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DMF, acetone or MeCN, in the presence of a base, such as cesium carbonate, sodium or sodium carbonate. Alternatively, compounds (VIII) can be converted by a Mitsunobu reaction with IXa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2005/035532; WO2000/071508; J. Med. Chem.2020, 63, 14867. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine. Alternatively, compounds (VIII) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (IXb) to compounds (VII) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2008/109613. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, or sodium carbonate. The compounds of formula (VIII), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (X), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 6 below). Scheme 6 As shown in
Figure imgf000016_0001
known to those skilled in the art and shown for example in Eur. J. Med. Chem.2014, 86, 700-709; Tetrahedron 2002, 58(21), 4225-4236; J. Med. Chem.2004, 47(10), 2624-2634; J. Med. Chem.2002, 45(24), 5260-5279. For example the reaction can be performed in water in the presence of an acid such as hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride or methansulfonic acid, optional in the presence of an additive such as methionine at a temperature between -20°C and 150°C. Alternatively, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, chloroform, toluene, benzene or 1,2-dichloroethane, in the presence of a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride in the optional presence of an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C and 150°C. When R11 is benzyl, the transformation can also be performed in an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, ethanol, or methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as palladium on charcoal and in the presence of a hydrogen atmosphere. The compounds of formula (X), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XI), wherein R2, R3, R4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with an acid chloride or activated acylating agent of formula (III), wherein R1 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is as described in Scheme 1 above (scheme 7) 83014_FF 16 Scheme 7 As shown known to those skilled in
Figure imgf000017_0001
example, when not commercially available, compounds of formula (III) where G is halogen are formed by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with for example, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride in the presence of catalytic quantities of DMF in inert solvents such as DCM or THF at temperatures between 25–170°C preferably 25– 80°C. Treatment of (XI) with compounds of formula (III), optionally in the presence of a base, e.g. triethylamine or pyridine leads to compounds of formula (X). Alternatively, compounds of formula I can be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) to give the activated species (III), wherein G is G1 or G2, in an inert solvent, e.g., pyridine, or THF optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., triethylamine, at temperatures between rt and 180°C. In addition, an acid of the formula (IIIa) can also be activated by reaction with a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU) to provide compounds of formula (III) wherein G is G3 and G4 as described for example in Synthesis 2013, 45, 1569 and J. Prakt. Chem. 1998, 340, 581. Subsequent reaction with an amine of the formula (XI) provides compounds of formula X. Alternatively, compounds of formula (XI) can be converted to compounds of formula (X) by reaction with an anhydride of formula (III) wherein G is G5 as described for example in WO2010100405. The compounds of formula (XI), wherein R3, R4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I), C1-C6-alkoxy or hydroxyl, and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XII), wherein R2, R4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl. This is shown in Scheme 8 below. Scheme 8 As shown in Scheme
Figure imgf000017_0002
by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2009/138386, J. Med. Chem.1977, 20(6), 771, J. Org. Chem.1989, 54(9), 2204, Org. Lett.2020, 22(6), 2486, Org. Lett.2022, 24(40), 7465. For example, when R3 is hydrogen, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, THF, methyl 83014_FF 17 tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate or ethanol in the presence of a reductant such as hydrogen atmosphere, lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride; with of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal or a nickel species such as nickel acetate and the optional use of an additive such as hydrogen chloride or acetic acid. Alternatively, when R3 is C1-C3-alkyl, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as THF, hexane, methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane or toluene; in the presence of an organometallic reagent such as an alkyllithium species, a Grignard reagent, or an alkyl boronate species. The compounds of formula (XII), wherein R4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) or hydroxyl, and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XIII), R4 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with a compound of formula (XIV), wherein R2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) or hydroxyl (Scheme 9). Scheme 9 As shown in Scheme methods known to those
Figure imgf000018_0001
skilled in the art as Chem.2016, 81(1), 336, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2012, 23(9), 716-721; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2020, 59(37), 15974; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2015, 54(40), 11852; WO2006/085149. For example, the reaction can be performed in water or in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or methyl tetrahydrofuran in the optional presence of a basic additive such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, pyridine or triethylamine at a temperature from 0°C to 150°C. The compounds of formula (VII), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XV), wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with an acid chloride or activated acylating agent of formula (III), wherein R1 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) and G is as described in Scheme 1 (Scheme 10). Scheme 10
Figure imgf000018_0002
83014_FF 18 As shown in Scheme 10, compound (IIIa), is activated to compounds of formula (III) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example Tetrahedron 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852. For example, when not commercially available, compounds of formula (III) where G is halogen are formed by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with for example, oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride in the presence of catalytic quantities of DMF in inert solvents such as DCM or THF at temperatures between 25 and 170°C, preferably 25 and 80°C. Treatment of (XV) with compounds of formula (III), optionally in the presence of a base, e.g. triethylamine or pyridine leads to compounds of formula (VII). Alternatively, compounds of formula (VII) can be prepared by treatment of compounds of formula (IIIa) with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) to give the activated species (III), wherein G is G1 or G2, in an inert solvent, e.g., pyridine, or THF optionally in the presence of a base, e.g., triethylamine, at temperatures between rt and 180°C. In addition, an acid of the formula (IIIa) can also be activated by reaction with a coupling reagent such as propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P®) or O-(7-Aza-1-benzotriazolyl)-N,N,N’,N’- tetramethyluronium-hexafluorophosphat (HATU) to provide compounds of formula (III) wherein G is G3 and G4 as described for example in Synthesis 2013, 45, 1569 and J. Prakt. Chem. 1998, 340, 581. Subsequent reaction with an amine of the formula (XV) provides compounds of formula (VII). Alternatively, compounds of formula (XV) can be converted to compounds of formula (VII) by reaction with an anhydride of formula (III) wherein G is G5 as described for example in WO2010/100405. The compounds of formula (XV), wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I), C1-C6-alkoxy or hydroxyl and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XVI), wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl. This is shown in Scheme 11 below. Scheme 11 As shown
Figure imgf000019_0001
known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2009138386, J. Med. Chem.1977, 20(6), 771, J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54(9), 2204, Org. Lett. 2020, 22(6), 2486, Org. Lett. 2022, 24(40), 7465. For example, when R3 is hydrogen, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, THF, methyl tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate or ethanol in the presence of a reductant such as hydrogen atmosphere, lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride; with the aid of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal or a nickel species such as nickel acetate and the optional use of an additive such as hydrogen chloride or acetic acid. Alternatively, when R3 is C1-C3-alkyl, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as THF, hexane, methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloroethane or toluene; in the presence of an organometallic reagent such as an alkyllithium species, a Grignard reagent, or an alkyl boronate species. 83014_FF 19 The compounds of formula (XVI), wherein R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) or and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XVII), wherein R4, R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with a compound of formula (XIV), wherein R2 is as defined for compounds of formula (I) or hydroxyl. This is shown in Scheme 12 below. Scheme 12 As known to those
Figure imgf000020_0001
81(1), 336, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2012, 23(9), 716-721; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59(37), 15974; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2015, 54(40), 11852; WO2006/085149. For example, the reaction can be performed in water or in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or methyl tetrahydrofuran in the optional presence of a basic additive such as sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydroxide, pyridine or triethylamine at a temperature from 0°C – 150°C. The compounds of formula (XVII), wherein R5, R6, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XVIII), wherein R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an alkylating agent of formula (IXa), wherein R5, R6 and R9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), R10 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl and Q is halogen, hydroxyl, or sulfonate group Q1, Q2, or Q3 (Scheme 13 below). Scheme 13 As shown
Figure imgf000020_0002
IXa (when Q is e.g., halogen or sulfonate Q1 or Q2) to compounds (XVII) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in J. Chem, Information and Modeling 2020, 60, 1028; J. Med. Chem.2003, 46, 1845; WO2020/005935. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DMF, acetone 83014_FF 20 or MeCN in the presence of a base, such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride or sodium carbonate. Alternatively, compounds (XVIII) can be a Mitsunobu reaction with IXa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2005/035532; WO2000/071508; J. Med. Chem.2020, 63, 14867. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine. Alternatively, compounds (XVIII) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (IXb) to compounds (XVII) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in WO2008109613. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride or sodium carbonate. The compounds of formula (XVIII), wherein R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XIII), wherein R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 14 below). Scheme 14 As shown in Scheme by methods known to those
Figure imgf000021_0001
skilled in the art and shown for example in WO2008/107321, WO2008/094896, Eur. J. Med. Chem.2014, 86, 700-709; Tetrahedron 2002, 58(21), 4225-4236; J. Med. Chem.2004, 47(10), 2624-2634; J. Med. Chem.2002, 45(24), 5260-5279. For example the reaction can be performed in water in the presence of an acid such as hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride or methansulfonic acid in the optional presence of an additive such as methionine at a temperature between -20°C –150°C. Alternatively, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, chloroform, toluene, benzene or 1,2 dichloroethane in the presence of a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride in the optional presence of an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C and 150°C. Alternatively, when R11 is benzyl the transformation can also be performed in an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, ethanol or methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as palladium on charcoal and in the presence of an hydrogen atmosphere. Alternatively, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, DCM, THF, dioxane or ethanol, in the presence of a nucleophilic reagent such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine or ammonia. The compounds of formula (II), wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XIX), wherein R2, R3, R5, R4, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 15). 83014_FF 21 Scheme 15 As shown to those skilled in
Figure imgf000022_0001
Synth. Cat. 2008, 350, 2250-2260; WO2020/115200; WO2010/115952. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DCM, dioxane or THF, in the presence of an organic or inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or paratoluensulfonic acid. Compounds (V) can also be obtained and used in following transformations in their salt form (e.g., hydrochloric salt, hydrobromic salt, trifluoroacetic salt, paratoluensulfonic salt, and others known to the person skilled in the art). When R12 is benzyl, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or ethylacetate, in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal and in the presence of hydrogen atmosphere. Alternatively, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as methanol, DCM, THF, dioxane or ethanol, in the presence of a nucleophilic reagent such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine or ammonia. The compounds of formula (XIX), wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XX), wherein R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with an alkylating agent of formula (XXIa), wherein R5, R6 and R9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Q is halogen, hydroxyl (Q3), or sulfonate group Q1 or Q2 (Scheme 16 below). Scheme 16 As
Figure imgf000022_0002
Q is e.g., halogen or sulfonate Q1 or Q2) to compounds (XIX) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in Med. Chem. Res.2015, 24(11), 3803, Molecules 2020, 25(22), 5459, Org. Lett.2021, 23(13), 5102. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DMF, acetone, or MeCN, in the presence of a base, such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride or sodium carbonate. 83014_FF 22 Alternatively, compounds (XX) can be converted by a Mitsunobu reaction with XXIa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art for example in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2009, 19(1), 119-122, Eur. J. Med. Chem.2017, 137, 63-75. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine. Alternatively, compounds (XX) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (XXIb) to compounds (XIX) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in J. Chem. Res.2008, (5), 297- 300, J. Org. Chem.2014, 79(11), 5121. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile, THF or ethylacetate, in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, pyridine, triethylamine, or sodium carbonate. The compounds of formula (XX), wherein R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XXII), wherein R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R11 and R12 are independently C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl (Scheme 17 below). Scheme 17 As shown in
Figure imgf000023_0001
known to those skilled in the art and shown for example in WO2008/107321, WO2008/094896, Eur. J. Med. Chem.2014, 86, 700-709; Tetrahedron 2002, 58(21), 4225-4236; J. Med. Chem.2004, 47(10), 2624-2634; J. Med. Chem.2002, 45(24), 5260-5279. For example the reaction can be performed in water in the presence of an acid such as hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride or methansulfonic acid in the optional presence of an additive such as methionine at a temperature between -20°C and 150°C. Alternatively, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, chloroform, toluene, benzene or 1,2 dichloroethane in the presence of a Lewis acid such as boron tribromide, aluminium trichloride or boron trichloride in the optional presence of an additive such as tert-butyl ammonium iodide at a temperature between -95°C – 150°C. Alternatively, when R11 is benzyl the transformation can also be performed in an organic solvent such as EtOAc, ethanol or methanol in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as palladium on charcoal under a hydrogen atmosphere. The compounds of formula (XXII), wherein R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and R11 and R12 are independently C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (XI), wherein R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), and R11 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, with a compound of formula (XXIII), wherein R12 is C1-C6-alkyl or benzyl, and G is halogen or G6 (Scheme 18). 83014_FF 23 Scheme 18 As shown in known to those skilled in the
Figure imgf000024_0001
Asymmetry 2010, 21(7), 837, WO2021/096238. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent such as DCM, THF, dioxane, methyl tetrahydrofuran or toluene in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, pyridine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or diisopropylethylamine. The compounds of formula (Ia), R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R9 and X, are as defined for compounds of formula (I), can be obtained by transformation of a compound of formula (VIII), R1, R2, R3, R4 and X are as defined for compounds of formula (I), with an alkylating agent of formula (XXIa), wherein R5, R6, R7 and R9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and Q is halogen, hydroxyl Q3, or sulfonate group Q1, Q2, or Q3 (Scheme 19). Scheme 19 As
Figure imgf000024_0002
(when Q is e.g., halogen or sulfonate Q1 or Q2) to compounds (Ia) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in Med. Chem. Res.2015, 24(11), 3803, Molecules 2020, 25(22), 5459, Org. Lett.2021, 23(13), 5102. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as DMF, acetone or MeCN, in the presence of a base, such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride or sodium carbonate. Alternatively, compounds (VIII) can be converted by a Mitsunobu reaction with XXIa (when Q is equal to OH) by methods known to those skilled in the art and described for example in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2009, 19(1), 119-122, Eur. J. Med. Chem.2017, 137, 63-75. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as toluene, THF or DCM, in the presence of an azadicarboxylate reagent, such as diethyl azadicarboxylate or diisopropyl azadicarboxylate, and a phospine reagent, such as triphenyl phosphine. 83014_FF 24 Alternatively, compounds (VIII) can be converted by an alkylative reaction with aziridine (XXIb) to compounds (Ia) by methods known to those skilled in the art described for example in J. Chem. Res.2008, (5), 297- 300, J. Org. Chem.2014, 79(11), 5121. For example, the reaction can be performed in an organic solvent, such as acetonitrile, THF or EtOAc in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydride, pyridine, triethylamine, or sodium carbonate. Depending on the procedure or the reaction conditions, the reactants can be reacted in the presence of a base. Examples of suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal dialkylamides or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylsilylamides, alkylamines, alkylenediamines, free or N-alkylated saturated or unsaturated cycloalkylamines, basic heterocycles, ammonium hydroxides and carbocyclic amines. Examples which may be mentioned are sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium tert- butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, calcium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-(N,N- dimethylamino)pyridine, quinuclidine, N-methylmorpholine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and 1,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The reactants can be reacted with each other as such, e.g., without adding a solvent or diluent. In most cases, however, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, bases which are employed in excess, such as triethylamine, pyridine, N- methylmorpholine or N,N-diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents. The reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range from approximately -80°C to approximately +140°C, preferably from approximately -30°C to approximately +100°C, in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and approximately +80°C. Depending on the choice of the reaction conditions and starting materials which are suitable in each case, it is possible, for example, in one reaction step only to replace one substituent by another substituent according to the invention, or a plurality of substituents can be replaced by other substituents according to the invention in the same reaction step. Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be prepared in a manner known per se. Thus, for example, acid addition salts of compounds of formula (I) are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent. Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds I, acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger 83014_FF 25 reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent. Salts of compounds of formula (I) can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds of formula (I), acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture. Depending on the procedure or the reaction conditions, the compounds of formula (I), which have salt-forming properties can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts. The compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and/or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule; the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and hereinbelow, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case. Diastereomeric mixtures or racemic mixtures of compounds of formula (I), in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diastereomers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and/or chromatography. Enantiomeric mixtures, such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is com- plexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphor sulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities, to give the diastereomers, from which the desired enantiomer can be set free by the action of suitable agents, for example basic agents. Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry. 83014_FF 26 It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, for example enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity. As an example, compounds with more than one asymmetric carbon atoms may exist in diastereomeric forms which can be optionally separated using for example supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) chromatography with chiral columns. Such diastereomers can show a different insecticidal activity profile, but all isomers and diastereomers form part of this invention. The compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are as defined according to the present invention, may possess three chiral centres at carbon atoms marked with a star (*) as outlined below in formula (I). of formula (I) may exist in various diastereomeric forms,
Figure imgf000027_0001
-, -, -, -, (R,R,S)-, or (R,S,S)- configurations present at carbon atoms marked with a star (*) as in formula (I), respectively. In particular, each of these configurations may be evident for compounds of formula (I) in relation to the specific combinations of definitions for R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and X for each compound described in Table A1, A2, A3, or A4, or Table P (below). A skilled person would be well aware that all enantiomers and diastereomers of compounds of formula (I) are within the scope of the invention. A person skilled in the art is well aware that above diastereomeres and enantiomers of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) are within the scope if the invention. Further a person skilled in the art is well aware that above diastereomeres and enantiomers are applicable to compounds of formula (I-A), and (I-B), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are as defined for compounds of formula (I) and are within the scope if the invention. N-oxides can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (I) with a suitable oxidizing agent, for example the H2O2/urea adduct in the presence of an acid anhydride, e.g., trifluoroacetic anhydride. Such oxidations are known from the literature, for example from J. Med. Chem.1989, 32 (12), 2561-73, or WO 2000/15615. It is advantageous to isolate or synthesize in each case the biologically more effective isomer, for example enantiomer or diastereomer, or isomer mixture, for example enantiomer mixture or diastereomer mixture, if the individual components have a different biological activity. 83014_FF 27 The compounds of formula (I) and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in of hydrates and/or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form. The tables A1 to A4 below illustrate specific compounds of the invention. The compounds according to the following Tables A1 to A4 may be prepared according to the methods described above. The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds of formula (I). In any of Tables A1 to A4 below, the presence of one or more possible asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of formula (I) according to the invention means that the compounds may occur in chiral isomeric forms, e.g., enantiomeric or diastereomeric. The compounds of formula (I) according to the following Tables A1 to A4 can be prepared according to the methods described herein. The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention and show preferred compounds of formula (I), in the form of a compound of formula (I-A1), (I-A2), (I-B1) and (I-B2). Table A1 provides 324 compounds of formula (I-A1), wherein X is CH2, R2, R3 are hydrogen, R5 is methyl, R6 is hydrogen, R9 is hydrogen, and wherein R1, R4, R7 and R8 are as defined as in table A1.
Figure imgf000028_0001
R7 R1 1 H H CF3 ethyl 2 H H CHF2 ethyl 3 H H CHCl2 ethyl 4 H F CF3 ethyl 5 H F CHF2 ethyl 6 H F CHCl2 ethyl 7 H Cl CF3 ethyl 8 H Cl CHF2 ethyl 9 H Cl CHCl2 ethyl 10 CH2OMe H CF3 ethyl 11 CH2OMe H CHF2 ethyl 12 CH2OMe H CHCl2 ethyl 13 CH2OMe F CF3 ethyl 14 CH2OMe F CHF2 ethyl 15 CH2OMe F CHCl2 ethyl 16 CH2OMe Cl CF3 ethyl 17 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 ethyl 18 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 ethyl 19 Acetyl H CF3 ethyl 20 Acetyl H CHF2 ethyl 21 Acetyl H CHCl2 ethyl 22 Acetyl F CF3 ethyl 23 Acetyl F CHF2 ethyl 24 Acetyl F CHCl2 ethyl 25 Acetyl Cl CF3 ethyl 83014_FF 28 26 Acetyl Cl CHF2 ethyl 27 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 ethyl 28 H H CF3 isopropyl 29 H H CHF2 isopropyl 30 H H CHCl2 isopropyl 31 H F CF3 isopropyl 32 H F CHF2 isopropyl 33 H F CHCl2 isopropyl 34 H Cl CF3 isopropyl 35 H Cl CHF2 isopropyl 36 H Cl CHCl2 isopropyl 37 CH2OMe H CF3 isopropyl 38 CH2OMe H CHF2 isopropyl 39 CH2OMe H CHCl2 isopropyl 40 CH2OMe F CF3 isopropyl 41 CH2OMe F CHF2 isopropyl 42 CH2OMe F CHCl2 isopropyl 43 CH2OMe Cl CF3 isopropyl 44 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 isopropyl 45 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 isopropyl 46 Acetyl H CF3 isopropyl 47 Acetyl H CHF2 isopropyl 48 Acetyl H CHCl2 isopropyl 49 Acetyl F CF3 isopropyl 50 Acetyl F CHF2 isopropyl 51 Acetyl F CHCl2 isopropyl 52 Acetyl Cl CF3 isopropyl 53 Acetyl Cl CHF2 isopropyl 54 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 isopropyl 55 H H CF3 cyclopropyl 56 H H CHF2 cyclopropyl 57 H H CHCl2 cyclopropyl 58 H F CF3 cyclopropyl 59 H F CHF2 cyclopropyl 60 H F CHCl2 cyclopropyl 61 H Cl CF3 cyclopropyl 62 H Cl CHF2 cyclopropyl 63 H Cl CHCl2 cyclopropyl 64 CH2OMe H CF3 cyclopropyl 65 CH2OMe H CHF2 cyclopropyl 66 CH2OMe H CHCl2 cyclopropyl 67 CH2OMe F CF3 cyclopropyl 68 CH2OMe F CHF2 cyclopropyl 69 CH2OMe F CHCl2 cyclopropyl 70 CH2OMe Cl CF3 cyclopropyl 71 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 cyclopropyl 72 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 cyclopropyl 73 Acetyl H CF3 cyclopropyl 74 Acetyl H CHF2 cyclopropyl 75 Acetyl H CHCl2 cyclopropyl 76 Acetyl F CF3 cyclopropyl 77 Acetyl F CHF2 cyclopropyl 78 Acetyl F CHCl2 cyclopropyl 79 Acetyl Cl CF3 cyclopropyl 80 Acetyl Cl CHF2 cyclopropyl 81 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 cyclopropyl 82 H H CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 83 H H CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 84 H H CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 85 H F CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 86 H F CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 83014_FF 29 87 H F CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 88 H Cl CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 89 H Cl CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 90 H Cl CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 91 CH2OMe H CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 92 CH2OMe H CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 93 CH2OMe H CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 94 CH2OMe F CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 95 CH2OMe F CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 96 CH2OMe F CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 97 CH2OMe Cl CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 98 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 99 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 100 Acetyl H CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 101 Acetyl H CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 102 Acetyl H CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 103 Acetyl F CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 104 Acetyl F CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 105 Acetyl F CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 106 Acetyl Cl CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 107 Acetyl Cl CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 108 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 109 H H CF3 cyclobutyl 110 H H CHF2 cyclobutyl 111 H H CHCl2 cyclobutyl 112 H F CF3 cyclobutyl 113 H F CHF2 cyclobutyl 114 H F CHCl2 cyclobutyl 115 H Cl CF3 cyclobutyl 116 H Cl CHF2 cyclobutyl 117 H Cl CHCl2 cyclobutyl 118 CH2OMe H CF3 cyclobutyl 119 CH2OMe H CHF2 cyclobutyl 120 CH2OMe H CHCl2 cyclobutyl 121 CH2OMe F CF3 cyclobutyl 122 CH2OMe F CHF2 cyclobutyl 123 CH2OMe F CHCl2 cyclobutyl 124 CH2OMe Cl CF3 cyclobutyl 125 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 cyclobutyl 126 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 cyclobutyl 127 Acetyl H CF3 cyclobutyl 128 Acetyl H CHF2 cyclobutyl 129 Acetyl H CHCl2 cyclobutyl 130 Acetyl F CF3 cyclobutyl 131 Acetyl F CHF2 cyclobutyl 132 Acetyl F CHCl2 cyclobutyl 133 Acetyl Cl CF3 cyclobutyl 134 Acetyl Cl CHF2 cyclobutyl 135 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 cyclobutyl 136 H H CF3 tert-butyl 137 H H CHF2 tert-butyl 138 H H CHCl2 tert-butyl 139 H F CF3 tert-butyl 140 H F CHF2 tert-butyl 141 H F CHCl2 tert-butyl 142 H Cl CF3 tert-butyl 143 H Cl CHF2 tert-butyl 144 H Cl CHCl2 tert-butyl 145 CH2OMe H CF3 tert-butyl 146 CH2OMe H CHF2 tert-butyl 147 CH2OMe H CHCl2 tert-butyl 83014_FF 30 148 CH2OMe F CF3 tert-butyl 149 CH2OMe F CHF2 tert-butyl 150 CH2OMe F CHCl2 tert-butyl 151 CH2OMe Cl CF3 tert-butyl 152 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 tert-butyl 153 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 tert-butyl 154 Acetyl H CF3 tert-butyl 155 Acetyl H CHF2 tert-butyl 156 Acetyl H CHCl2 tert-butyl 157 Acetyl F CF3 tert-butyl 158 Acetyl F CHF2 tert-butyl 159 Acetyl F CHCl2 tert-butyl 160 Acetyl Cl CF3 tert-butyl 161 Acetyl Cl CHF2 tert-butyl 162 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 tert-butyl 163 H H CF3 difluoromethyl 164 H H CHF2 difluoromethyl 165 H H CHCl2 difluoromethyl 166 H F CF3 difluoromethyl 167 H F CHF2 difluoromethyl 168 H F CHCl2 difluoromethyl 169 H Cl CF3 difluoromethyl 170 H Cl CHF2 difluoromethyl 171 H Cl CHCl2 difluoromethyl 172 CH2OMe H CF3 difluoromethyl 173 CH2OMe H CHF2 difluoromethyl 174 CH2OMe H CHCl2 difluoromethyl 175 CH2OMe F CF3 difluoromethyl 176 CH2OMe F CHF2 difluoromethyl 177 CH2OMe F CHCl2 difluoromethyl 178 CH2OMe Cl CF3 difluoromethyl 179 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 difluoromethyl 180 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 difluoromethyl 181 Acetyl H CF3 difluoromethyl 182 Acetyl H CHF2 difluoromethyl 183 Acetyl H CHCl2 difluoromethyl 184 Acetyl F CF3 difluoromethyl 185 Acetyl F CHF2 difluoromethyl 186 Acetyl F CHCl2 difluoromethyl 187 Acetyl Cl CF3 difluoromethyl 188 Acetyl Cl CHF2 difluoromethyl 189 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 difluoromethyl 190 H H CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 191 H H CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 192 H H CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 193 H F CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 194 H F CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 195 H F CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 196 H Cl CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 197 H Cl CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 198 H Cl CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 199 CH2OMe H CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 200 CH2OMe H CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 201 CH2OMe H CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 202 CH2OMe F CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 203 CH2OMe F CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 204 CH2OMe F CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 205 CH2OMe Cl CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 206 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 207 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 208 Acetyl H CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 83014_FF 31 209 Acetyl H CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 210 Acetyl H CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 211 Acetyl F CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 212 Acetyl F CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 213 Acetyl F CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 214 Acetyl Cl CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 215 Acetyl Cl CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 216 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 217 H H CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 218 H H CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 219 H H CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 220 H F CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 221 H F CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 222 H F CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 223 H Cl CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 224 H Cl CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 225 H Cl CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 226 CH2OMe H CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 227 CH2OMe H CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 228 CH2OMe H CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 229 CH2OMe F CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 230 CH2OMe F CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 231 CH2OMe F CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 232 CH2OMe Cl CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 233 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 234 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 235 Acetyl H CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 236 Acetyl H CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 237 Acetyl H CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 238 Acetyl F CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 239 Acetyl F CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 240 Acetyl F CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 241 Acetyl Cl CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 242 Acetyl Cl CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 243 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 244 H H CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 245 H H CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 246 H H CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 247 H F CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 248 H F CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 249 H F CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 250 H Cl CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 251 H Cl CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 252 H Cl CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 253 CH2OMe H CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 254 CH2OMe H CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 255 CH2OMe H CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 256 CH2OMe F CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 257 CH2OMe F CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 258 CH2OMe F CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 259 CH2OMe Cl CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 260 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 261 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 262 Acetyl H CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 263 Acetyl H CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 264 Acetyl H CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 265 Acetyl F CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 266 Acetyl F CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 267 Acetyl F CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 268 Acetyl Cl CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 269 Acetyl Cl CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 83014_FF 32 270 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 271 H H CF3 benzyl 272 H H CHF2 benzyl 273 H H CHCl2 benzyl 274 H F CF3 benzyl 275 H F CHF2 benzyl 276 H F CHCl2 benzyl 277 H Cl CF3 benzyl 278 H Cl CHF2 benzyl 279 H Cl CHCl2 benzyl 280 CH2OMe H CF3 benzyl 281 CH2OMe H CHF2 benzyl 282 CH2OMe H CHCl2 benzyl 283 CH2OMe F CF3 benzyl 284 CH2OMe F CHF2 benzyl 285 CH2OMe F CHCl2 benzyl 286 CH2OMe Cl CF3 benzyl 287 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 benzyl 288 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 benzyl 289 Acetyl H CF3 benzyl 290 Acetyl H CHF2 benzyl 291 Acetyl H CHCl2 benzyl 292 Acetyl F CF3 benzyl 293 Acetyl F CHF2 benzyl 294 Acetyl F CHCl2 benzyl 295 Acetyl Cl CF3 benzyl 296 Acetyl Cl CHF2 benzyl 297 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 benzyl 298 H H CF3 1-phenylethyl 299 H H CHF2 1-phenylethyl 300 H H CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 301 H F CF3 1-phenylethyl 302 H F CHF2 1-phenylethyl 303 H F CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 304 H Cl CF3 1-phenylethyl 305 H Cl CHF2 1-phenylethyl 306 H Cl CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 307 CH2OMe H CF3 1-phenylethyl 308 CH2OMe H CHF2 1-phenylethyl 309 CH2OMe H CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 310 CH2OMe F CF3 1-phenylethyl 311 CH2OMe F CHF2 1-phenylethyl 312 CH2OMe F CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 313 CH2OMe Cl CF3 1-phenylethyl 314 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 1-phenylethyl 315 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 316 Acetyl H CF3 1-phenylethyl 317 Acetyl H CHF2 1-phenylethyl 318 Acetyl H CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 319 Acetyl F CF3 1-phenylethyl 320 Acetyl F CHF2 1-phenylethyl 321 Acetyl F CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 322 Acetyl Cl CF3 1-phenylethyl 323 Acetyl Cl CHF2 1-phenylethyl 324 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 1-phenylethyl Table A2 provides 92 compounds of formula (I-A2), wherein X is CH2, R1 is ethyl, R8 is hydrogen, and R7 is trifluoromethyl (CF3), and wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R9 are as defined as in table A2. 83014_FF 33
Figure imgf000034_0001
R6 R9 R2 1 H H H H H H 2 H H H H Me H 3 H H H Me Me H 4 H H Me H Me H 5 H H Me Me H H 6 H H Me Me Me H 7 H F H H H H 8 H F H H Me H 9 H F H Me Me H 10 H F Me H Me H 11 H F Me Me H H 12 H F Me Me Me H 13 Me H H H H H 14 Me H H H Me H 15 Me H H Me H H 16 Me H H Me Me H 17 Me H Me H H H 18 Me H Me H Me H 19 Me H Me Me H H 20 Me H Me Me Me H 21 Me F H H H H 22 Me F H H Me H 23 Me F H Me H H 24 Me F H Me Me H 25 Me F Me H H H 26 Me F Me H Me H 27 Me F Me Me H H 28 Me F Me Me Me H 29 H H H H H Me 30 H H H H Me Me 31 H H H Me H Me 32 H H H Me Me Me 33 H H Me H H Me 34 H H Me H Me Me 35 H H Me Me H Me 36 H H Me Me Me Me 37 H F H H H Me 38 H F H H Me Me 39 H F H Me H Me 40 H F H Me Me Me 41 H F Me H H Me 42 H F Me H Me Me 43 H F Me Me H Me 44 H F Me Me Me Me 45 Me H H H H Me 46 Me H H H Me Me 47 Me H H Me H Me 48 Me H H Me Me Me 49 Me H Me H H Me 83014_FF 34 50 Me H Me H Me Me 51 Me H Me Me H Me 52 Me H Me Me Me Me 53 Me F H H H Me 54 Me F H H Me Me 55 Me F H Me H Me 56 Me F H Me Me Me 57 Me F Me H H Me 58 Me F Me H Me Me 59 Me F Me Me H Me 60 Me F Me Me Me Me 61 H H H H H Acetyl 62 H H H H Me Acetyl 63 H H H Me H Acetyl 64 H H H Me Me Acetyl 65 H H Me H H Acetyl 66 H H Me H Me Acetyl 67 H H Me Me H Acetyl 68 H H Me Me Me Acetyl 69 H F H H H Acetyl 70 H F H H Me Acetyl 71 H F H Me H Acetyl 72 H F H Me Me Acetyl 73 H F Me H H Acetyl 74 H F Me H Me Acetyl 75 H F Me Me H Acetyl 76 H F Me Me Me Acetyl 77 Me H H H H Acetyl 78 Me H H H Me Acetyl 79 Me H H Me H Acetyl 80 Me H H Me Me Acetyl 81 Me H Me H H Acetyl 82 Me H Me H Me Acetyl 83 Me H Me Me H Acetyl 84 Me H Me Me Me Acetyl 85 Me F H H H Acetyl 86 Me F H H Me Acetyl 87 Me F H Me H Acetyl 88 Me F H Me Me Acetyl 89 Me F Me H H Acetyl 90 Me F Me H Me Acetyl 91 Me F Me Me H Acetyl 92 Me F Me Me Me Acetyl Table A3 provides 324 compounds of formula (I-B1), wherein X is CH2-CH2, R2, R3 are hydrogen, R5 is methyl, R6 is hydrogen, R9 is hydrogen, and wherein R1, R4, R7 and R8 are as defined as in table A3.
Figure imgf000035_0001
Index R8
Figure imgf000035_0002
83014_FF 35 1 H H CF3 ethyl 2 H H ethyl 3 H H ethyl 4 H F CF3 ethyl 5 H F CHF2 ethyl 6 H F CHCl2 ethyl 7 H Cl CF3 ethyl 8 H Cl CHF2 ethyl 9 H Cl CHCl2 ethyl 10 CH2OMe H CF3 ethyl 11 CH2OMe H CHF2 ethyl 12 CH2OMe H CHCl2 ethyl 13 CH2OMe F CF3 ethyl 14 CH2OMe F CHF2 ethyl 15 CH2OMe F CHCl2 ethyl 16 CH2OMe Cl CF3 ethyl 17 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 ethyl 18 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 ethyl 19 Acetyl H CF3 ethyl 20 Acetyl H CHF2 ethyl 21 Acetyl H CHCl2 ethyl 22 Acetyl F CF3 ethyl 23 Acetyl F CHF2 ethyl 24 Acetyl F CHCl2 ethyl 25 Acetyl Cl CF3 ethyl 26 Acetyl Cl CHF2 ethyl 27 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 ethyl 28 H H CF3 isopropyl 29 H H CHF2 isopropyl 30 H H CHCl2 isopropyl 31 H F CF3 isopropyl 32 H F CHF2 isopropyl 33 H F CHCl2 isopropyl 34 H Cl CF3 isopropyl 35 H Cl CHF2 isopropyl 36 H Cl CHCl2 isopropyl 37 CH2OMe H CF3 isopropyl 38 CH2OMe H CHF2 isopropyl 39 CH2OMe H CHCl2 isopropyl 40 CH2OMe F CF3 isopropyl 41 CH2OMe F CHF2 isopropyl 42 CH2OMe F CHCl2 isopropyl 43 CH2OMe Cl CF3 isopropyl 44 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 isopropyl 45 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 isopropyl 46 Acetyl H CF3 isopropyl 47 Acetyl H CHF2 isopropyl 48 Acetyl H CHCl2 isopropyl 49 Acetyl F CF3 isopropyl 50 Acetyl F CHF2 isopropyl 51 Acetyl F CHCl2 isopropyl 52 Acetyl Cl CF3 isopropyl 53 Acetyl Cl CHF2 isopropyl 54 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 isopropyl 55 H H CF3 cyclopropyl 56 H H CHF2 cyclopropyl 57 H H CHCl2 cyclopropyl 58 H F CF3 cyclopropyl 59 H F CHF2 cyclopropyl 60 H F CHCl2 cyclopropyl 61 H Cl CF3 cyclopropyl 83014_FF 36 62 H Cl CHF2 cyclopropyl 63 H Cl cyclopropyl 64 CH2OMe H cyclopropyl 65 CH2OMe H CHF2 cyclopropyl 66 CH2OMe H CHCl2 cyclopropyl 67 CH2OMe F CF3 cyclopropyl 68 CH2OMe F CHF2 cyclopropyl 69 CH2OMe F CHCl2 cyclopropyl 70 CH2OMe Cl CF3 cyclopropyl 71 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 cyclopropyl 72 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 cyclopropyl 73 Acetyl H CF3 cyclopropyl 74 Acetyl H CHF2 cyclopropyl 75 Acetyl H CHCl2 cyclopropyl 76 Acetyl F CF3 cyclopropyl 77 Acetyl F CHF2 cyclopropyl 78 Acetyl F CHCl2 cyclopropyl 79 Acetyl Cl CF3 cyclopropyl 80 Acetyl Cl CHF2 cyclopropyl 81 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 cyclopropyl 82 H H CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 83 H H CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 84 H H CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 85 H F CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 86 H F CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 87 H F CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 88 H Cl CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 89 H Cl CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 90 H Cl CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 91 CH2OMe H CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 92 CH2OMe H CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 93 CH2OMe H CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 94 CH2OMe F CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 95 CH2OMe F CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 96 CH2OMe F CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 97 CH2OMe Cl CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 98 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 99 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 100 Acetyl H CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 101 Acetyl H CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 102 Acetyl H CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 103 Acetyl F CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 104 Acetyl F CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 105 Acetyl F CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 106 Acetyl Cl CF3 1-cyanocyclopropyl 107 Acetyl Cl CHF2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 108 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 1-cyanocyclopropyl 109 H H CF3 cyclobutyl 110 H H CHF2 cyclobutyl 111 H H CHCl2 cyclobutyl 112 H F CF3 cyclobutyl 113 H F CHF2 cyclobutyl 114 H F CHCl2 cyclobutyl 115 H Cl CF3 cyclobutyl 116 H Cl CHF2 cyclobutyl 117 H Cl CHCl2 cyclobutyl 118 CH2OMe H CF3 cyclobutyl 119 CH2OMe H CHF2 cyclobutyl 120 CH2OMe H CHCl2 cyclobutyl 121 CH2OMe F CF3 cyclobutyl 122 CH2OMe F CHF2 cyclobutyl 83014_FF 37 123 CH2OMe F CHCl2 cyclobutyl 124 CH2OMe Cl cyclobutyl 125 CH2OMe Cl cyclobutyl 126 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 cyclobutyl 127 Acetyl H CF3 cyclobutyl 128 Acetyl H CHF2 cyclobutyl 129 Acetyl H CHCl2 cyclobutyl 130 Acetyl F CF3 cyclobutyl 131 Acetyl F CHF2 cyclobutyl 132 Acetyl F CHCl2 cyclobutyl 133 Acetyl Cl CF3 cyclobutyl 134 Acetyl Cl CHF2 cyclobutyl 135 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 cyclobutyl 136 H H CF3 tert-butyl 137 H H CHF2 tert-butyl 138 H H CHCl2 tert-butyl 139 H F CF3 tert-butyl 140 H F CHF2 tert-butyl 141 H F CHCl2 tert-butyl 142 H Cl CF3 tert-butyl 143 H Cl CHF2 tert-butyl 144 H Cl CHCl2 tert-butyl 145 CH2OMe H CF3 tert-butyl 146 CH2OMe H CHF2 tert-butyl 147 CH2OMe H CHCl2 tert-butyl 148 CH2OMe F CF3 tert-butyl 149 CH2OMe F CHF2 tert-butyl 150 CH2OMe F CHCl2 tert-butyl 151 CH2OMe Cl CF3 tert-butyl 152 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 tert-butyl 153 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 tert-butyl 154 Acetyl H CF3 tert-butyl 155 Acetyl H CHF2 tert-butyl 156 Acetyl H CHCl2 tert-butyl 157 Acetyl F CF3 tert-butyl 158 Acetyl F CHF2 tert-butyl 159 Acetyl F CHCl2 tert-butyl 160 Acetyl Cl CF3 tert-butyl 161 Acetyl Cl CHF2 tert-butyl 162 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 tert-butyl 163 H H CF3 difluoromethyl 164 H H CHF2 difluoromethyl 165 H H CHCl2 difluoromethyl 166 H F CF3 difluoromethyl 167 H F CHF2 difluoromethyl 168 H F CHCl2 difluoromethyl 169 H Cl CF3 difluoromethyl 170 H Cl CHF2 difluoromethyl 171 H Cl CHCl2 difluoromethyl 172 CH2OMe H CF3 difluoromethyl 173 CH2OMe H CHF2 difluoromethyl 174 CH2OMe H CHCl2 difluoromethyl 175 CH2OMe F CF3 difluoromethyl 176 CH2OMe F CHF2 difluoromethyl 177 CH2OMe F CHCl2 difluoromethyl 178 CH2OMe Cl CF3 difluoromethyl 179 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 difluoromethyl 180 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 difluoromethyl 181 Acetyl H CF3 difluoromethyl 182 Acetyl H CHF2 difluoromethyl 183 Acetyl H CHCl2 difluoromethyl 83014_FF 38 184 Acetyl F CF3 difluoromethyl 185 Acetyl F difluoromethyl 186 Acetyl F difluoromethyl 187 Acetyl Cl CF3 difluoromethyl 188 Acetyl Cl CHF2 difluoromethyl 189 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 difluoromethyl 190 H H CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 191 H H CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 192 H H CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 193 H F CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 194 H F CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 195 H F CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 196 H Cl CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 197 H Cl CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 198 H Cl CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 199 CH2OMe H CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 200 CH2OMe H CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 201 CH2OMe H CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 202 CH2OMe F CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 203 CH2OMe F CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 204 CH2OMe F CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 205 CH2OMe Cl CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 206 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 207 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 208 Acetyl H CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 209 Acetyl H CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 210 Acetyl H CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 211 Acetyl F CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 212 Acetyl F CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 213 Acetyl F CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 214 Acetyl Cl CF3 cyclopropylmethyl 215 Acetyl Cl CHF2 cyclopropylmethyl 216 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 cyclopropylmethyl 217 H H CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 218 H H CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 219 H H CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 220 H F CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 221 H F CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 222 H F CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 223 H Cl CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 224 H Cl CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 225 H Cl CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 226 CH2OMe H CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 227 CH2OMe H CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 228 CH2OMe H CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 229 CH2OMe F CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 230 CH2OMe F CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 231 CH2OMe F CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 232 CH2OMe Cl CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 233 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 234 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 235 Acetyl H CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 236 Acetyl H CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 237 Acetyl H CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 238 Acetyl F CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 239 Acetyl F CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 240 Acetyl F CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 241 Acetyl Cl CF3 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 242 Acetyl Cl CHF2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 243 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 2-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl 244 H H CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 83014_FF 39 245 H H CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 246 H H tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 247 H F tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 248 H F CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 249 H F CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 250 H Cl CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 251 H Cl CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 252 H Cl CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 253 CH2OMe H CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 254 CH2OMe H CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 255 CH2OMe H CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 256 CH2OMe F CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 257 CH2OMe F CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 258 CH2OMe F CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 259 CH2OMe Cl CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 260 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 261 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 262 Acetyl H CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 263 Acetyl H CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 264 Acetyl H CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 265 Acetyl F CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 266 Acetyl F CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 267 Acetyl F CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 268 Acetyl Cl CF3 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 269 Acetyl Cl CHF2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 270 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 271 H H CF3 benzyl 272 H H CHF2 benzyl 273 H H CHCl2 benzyl 274 H F CF3 benzyl 275 H F CHF2 benzyl 276 H F CHCl2 benzyl 277 H Cl CF3 benzyl 278 H Cl CHF2 benzyl 279 H Cl CHCl2 benzyl 280 CH2OMe H CF3 benzyl 281 CH2OMe H CHF2 benzyl 282 CH2OMe H CHCl2 benzyl 283 CH2OMe F CF3 benzyl 284 CH2OMe F CHF2 benzyl 285 CH2OMe F CHCl2 benzyl 286 CH2OMe Cl CF3 benzyl 287 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 benzyl 288 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 benzyl 289 Acetyl H CF3 benzyl 290 Acetyl H CHF2 benzyl 291 Acetyl H CHCl2 benzyl 292 Acetyl F CF3 benzyl 293 Acetyl F CHF2 benzyl 294 Acetyl F CHCl2 benzyl 295 Acetyl Cl CF3 benzyl 296 Acetyl Cl CHF2 benzyl 297 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 benzyl 298 H H CF3 1-phenylethyl 299 H H CHF2 1-phenylethyl 300 H H CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 301 H F CF3 1-phenylethyl 302 H F CHF2 1-phenylethyl 303 H F CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 304 H Cl CF3 1-phenylethyl 305 H Cl CHF2 1-phenylethyl 83014_FF 40 306 H Cl CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 307 CH2OMe H 1-phenylethyl 308 CH2OMe H 1-phenylethyl 309 CH2OMe H CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 310 CH2OMe F CF3 1-phenylethyl 311 CH2OMe F CHF2 1-phenylethyl 312 CH2OMe F CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 313 CH2OMe Cl CF3 1-phenylethyl 314 CH2OMe Cl CHF2 1-phenylethyl 315 CH2OMe Cl CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 316 Acetyl H CF3 1-phenylethyl 317 Acetyl H CHF2 1-phenylethyl 318 Acetyl H CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 319 Acetyl F CF3 1-phenylethyl 320 Acetyl F CHF2 1-phenylethyl 321 Acetyl F CHCl2 1-phenylethyl 322 Acetyl Cl CF3 1-phenylethyl 323 Acetyl Cl CHF2 1-phenylethyl 324 Acetyl Cl CHCl2 1-phenylethyl Table A4 provides 92 compounds of formula (I-B2), wherein X is CH2-CH2, R1 is ethyl, R8 is hydrogen, and R7 is trifluoromethyl (CF3), and wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R9 are as defined as in table A2. (I-B2)
Figure imgf000041_0001
and R9 Index R3 R4 R5 R6 R9 R2 1 H H H H H H 2 H H H H Me H 3 H H H Me Me H 4 H H Me H Me H 5 H H Me Me H H 6 H H Me Me Me H 7 H F H H H H 8 H F H H Me H 9 H F H Me Me H 10 H F Me H Me H 11 H F Me Me H H 12 H F Me Me Me H 13 Me H H H H H 14 Me H H H Me H 15 Me H H Me H H 16 Me H H Me Me H 17 Me H Me H H H 18 Me H Me H Me H 19 Me H Me Me H H 20 Me H Me Me Me H 21 Me F H H H H 22 Me F H H Me H 23 Me F H Me H H 24 Me F H Me Me H 25 Me F Me H H H 83014_FF 41 26 Me F Me H Me H 27 Me F Me Me H H 28 Me F Me Me Me H 29 H H H H H Me 30 H H H H Me Me 31 H H H Me H Me 32 H H H Me Me Me 33 H H Me H H Me 34 H H Me H Me Me 35 H H Me Me H Me 36 H H Me Me Me Me 37 H F H H H Me 38 H F H H Me Me 39 H F H Me H Me 40 H F H Me Me Me 41 H F Me H H Me 42 H F Me H Me Me 43 H F Me Me H Me 44 H F Me Me Me Me 45 Me H H H H Me 46 Me H H H Me Me 47 Me H H Me H Me 48 Me H H Me Me Me 49 Me H Me H H Me 50 Me H Me H Me Me 51 Me H Me Me H Me 52 Me H Me Me Me Me 53 Me F H H H Me 54 Me F H H Me Me 55 Me F H Me H Me 56 Me F H Me Me Me 57 Me F Me H H Me 58 Me F Me H Me Me 59 Me F Me Me H Me 60 Me F Me Me Me Me 61 H H H H H Acetyl 62 H H H H Me Acetyl 63 H H H Me H Acetyl 64 H H H Me Me Acetyl 65 H H Me H H Acetyl 66 H H Me H Me Acetyl 67 H H Me Me H Acetyl 68 H H Me Me Me Acetyl 69 H F H H H Acetyl 70 H F H H Me Acetyl 71 H F H Me H Acetyl 72 H F H Me Me Acetyl 73 H F Me H H Acetyl 74 H F Me H Me Acetyl 75 H F Me Me H Acetyl 76 H F Me Me Me Acetyl 77 Me H H H H Acetyl 78 Me H H H Me Acetyl 79 Me H H Me H Acetyl 80 Me H H Me Me Acetyl 81 Me H Me H H Acetyl 82 Me H Me H Me Acetyl 83 Me H Me Me H Acetyl 84 Me H Me Me Me Acetyl 85 Me F H H H Acetyl 86 Me F H H Me Acetyl 83014_FF 42 87 Me F H Me H Acetyl 88 Me F H Me Me Acetyl 89 Me F Me H H Acetyl 90 Me F Me H Me Acetyl 91 Me F Me Me H Acetyl 92 Me F Me Me Me Acetyl The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are preventively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients in the field of pest control, even at low rates of application, which have a very favorable biocidal spectrum and are well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish and plants. The active ingredients according to the invention act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, animal pests, such as insects or representatives of the order Acarina. The insecticidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i. e. in destruction of the pests, which takes place either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate. Examples of the above-mentioned animal pests are: from the order Acarina, for example: Acalitus spp., Aculus spp., Acaricalus spp., Aceria spp., Acarus siro, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia spp., Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides spp., Eotetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Polyphagotarsone latus, Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Phytonemus spp., Polyphagotarsonemus spp., Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Steneotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example: Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example: Agriotes spp., Amphimallon majale, Anomala orientalis, Anthonomus spp., Aphodius spp., Astylus atromaculatus, Ataenius spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cerotoma spp., Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Cotinis nitida, Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Diloboderus abderus, Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Heteronychus arator, Hypothenemus hampei, Lagria vilosa, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Liogenys spp., Maecolaspis spp., Maladera castanea, Megascelis spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha spp., Myochrous armatus, Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phyllophaga spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhyssomatus aubtilis, Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Somaticus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus subsignatus, Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order Diptera, for example: Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Antherigona soccata,Bactrocea oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Bradysia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Geomyza tripunctata, Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca 83014_FF 43 spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis spp., Rivelia quadrifasciata, Scatella spp., Sciara spp., spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.; from the order Hemiptera, for example: Acanthocoris scabrator, Acrosternum spp., Adelphocoris lineolatus, Aleurodes spp., Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus spp., Cimex spp., Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus spp., Edessa spp., Euchistus spp., Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Lygus spp., Margarodes spp., Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus spp., Nesidiocoris tenuis, Nezara spp., Nysius simulans, Oebalus insularis, Piesma spp., Piezodorus spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophara spp., Thyanta spp., Triatoma spp., Vatiga illudens; Acyrthosium pisum, Adalges spp., Agalliana ensigera, Agonoscena targionii, Aleurodicus spp., Aleurocanthus spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Amarasca biguttula, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp., Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Cicadella spp., Cofana spectra, Cryptomyzus spp., Cicadulina spp., Coccus hesperidum, Dalbulus maidis, Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina citri, Diuraphis noxia, Dysaphis spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Glycaspis brimblecombei, Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae, Hyalopterus spp., Hyperomyzus pallidus, Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca lybica, Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Lopaphis erysimi, Lyogenys maidis, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva spp., Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myndus crudus, Myzus spp., Neotoxoptera sp, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Nippolachnus piri Mats, Odonaspis ruthae, Oregma lanigera Zehnter, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Recilia dorsalis, Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Sogatella furcifera, Spissistilus festinus, Tarophagus Proserpina, Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Tridiscus sporoboli, Trionymus spp., Trioza erytreae, Unaspis citri, Zygina flammigera, Zyginidia scutellaris,; from the order Hymenoptera, for example: Acromyrmex, Arge spp., Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Slenopsis invicta, Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example: Coptotermes spp., Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Mastotermes spp., Microtermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.; Solenopsis geminate; from the order Lepidoptera, for example: Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyresthia spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Chrysoteuchia topiaria, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis 83014_FF 44 spp., Coleophora spp., Colias lesbia, Cosmophila flava, Crambus spp., Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydalima perspectalis, Cydia spp., perspectalis, Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana saccharina, Ephestia spp., Epinotia spp., Estigmene acrea, Etiella zinckinella, Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia jaculiferia, Gra- pholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Herpetogramma spp., Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lasmopalpus lignosellus, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Loxostege bifidalis, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Mythimna spp., Noctua spp., Operophtera spp., Orniodes indica, Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Papaipema nebris, Pectinophora gossypiela, Perileucoptera coffeella, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Pseudoplusia spp., Rachiplusia nu, Richia albicosta, Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Sylepta derogate, Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, and Yponomeuta spp.; from the order Mallophaga, for example. Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; from the order Orthoptera, for example: Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp., Scapteriscus spp., and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example: Liposcelis spp.; from the order Siphonaptera, for example: Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides spp. and Xenopsylla cheopis; from the order Thysanoptera, for example: Calliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips spp., Parthenothrips spp., Scirtothrips aurantii, Sericothrips variabilis, Taeniothrips spp., Thrips spp.; from the order Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina. In a further aspect, the invention may also relate to a method of controlling damage to plant and parts thereof by plant parasitic nematodes (Endoparasitic-, Semiendoparasitic- and Ectoparasitic nematodes), especially plant parasitic nematodes such as root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne arenaria and other Meloidogyne species; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and other Globodera species; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina species; Stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides species; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species; Ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, Mesocriconema species; Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci and other Ditylenchus species; Awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species; Spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus species; false rootknot nematodes, Nacobbus species; Needle nematodes, Longidorus elongatus and other Longidorus species; Pin nematodes, 83014_FF 45 Pratylenchus species; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi and other species; Burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus robustus, Rotylenchus reniformis and other Rotylenchus species; Scutellonema species; Stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species, Paratrichodorus species; Stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus species; Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species, such as Subanguina spp., Hypsoperine spp., Macroposthonia spp., Melinius spp., Punctodera spp., and Quinisulcius spp.. The compounds of the invention may also have activity against the molluscs. Examples of which include, for example, Ampullariidae; Arion (A. ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus); Bradybaenidae (Bradybaena fruticum); Cepaea (C. hortensis, C. Nemoralis); ochlodina; Deroceras (D. agrestis, D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum); Discus (D. rotundatus); Euomphalia; Galba (G. trunculata); Helicelia (H. itala, H. obvia); Helicidae Helicigona arbustorum); Helicodiscus; Helix (H. aperta); Limax (L. cinereoniger, L. flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus); Lymnaea; Milax (M. gagates, M. marginatus, M. sowerbyi); Opeas; Pomacea (P. canaticulata); Vallonia and Zanitoides. The active ingredients according to the invention can be used for controlling, i. e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests. Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, sugarcane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the plantain family and latex plants. In a particular embodiment, a compound of the formula (I) can control mites, rust mites and spider mites in crops, tress, and plants selected from vegetables (especially tomatoes and cucurbits), citrus, pome fruits, stone fruit, tree nuts, cotton, tropical crops, avocados, ornamentals, beans, soybean, strawberry, and grapes. The compositions and/or methods of the present invention may be also used on any ornamental and/or vegetable crops, including flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens. For example the invention may be used on any of the following ornamental species: Ageratum spp., Alonsoa spp., Anemone spp., Anisodontea capsenisis, Anthemis spp., Antirrhinum spp., Aster spp., Begonia spp. (e.g., 83014_FF 46 B. elatior, B. semperflorens, B. tubéreux), Bougainvillea spp., Brachycome spp., Brassica spp. (ornamental), Calceolaria spp., Capsicum annuum, roseus, Canna spp., Centaurea spp., Chrysanthemum spp., Cineraria spp. (C. maritime), Coreopsis spp., Crassula coccinea, Cuphea ignea, Dahlia spp., Delphinium spp., Dicentra spectabilis, Dorotheantus spp., Eustoma grandiflorum, Forsythia spp., Fuchsia spp., Geranium gnaphalium, Gerbera spp., Gomphrena globosa, Heliotropium spp., Helianthus spp., Hibiscus spp., Hortensia spp., Hydrangea spp., Hypoestes phyllostachya, Impatiens spp. (I. Walleriana), Iresines spp., Kalanchoe spp., Lantana camara, Lavatera trimestris, Leonotis leonurus, Lilium spp., Mesembryanthemum spp., Mimulus spp., Monarda spp., Nemesia spp., Tagetes spp., Dianthus spp. (carnation), Canna spp., Oxalis spp., Bellis spp., Pelargonium spp. (P. peltatum, P. Zonale), Viola spp. (pansy), Petunia spp., Phlox spp., Plecthranthus spp., Poinsettia spp., Parthenocissus spp. (P. quinquefolia, P. tricuspidata), Primula spp., Ranunculus spp., Rhododendron spp., Rosa spp. (rose), Rudbeckia spp., Saintpaulia spp., Salvia spp., Scaevola aemola, Schizanthus wisetonensis, Sedum spp., Solanum spp., Surfinia spp., Tagetes spp., Nicotinia spp., Verbena spp., Zinnia spp. and other bedding plants. For example the invention may be used on any of the following vegetable species: Allium spp. (A. sativum, A. cepa, A. oschaninii, A. Porrum, A. ascalonicum, A. fistulosum), Anthriscus cerefolium, Apium graveolus, Asparagus officinalis, Beta vulgarus, Brassica spp. (B. Oleracea, B. Pekinensis, B. rapa), Capsicum annuum, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium endivia, Cichorum spp. (C. intybus, C. endivia), Citrillus lanatus, Cucumis spp. (C. sativus, C. melo), Cucurbita spp. (C. pepo, C. maxima), Cyanara spp. (C. scolymus, C. cardunculus), Daucus carota, Foeniculum vulgare, Hypericum spp., Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon spp. (L. esculentum, L. lycopersicum), Mentha spp., Ocimum basilicum, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus spp. (P. vulgaris, P. coccineus), Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Rheum rhaponticum, Rosemarinus spp., Salvia spp., Scorzonera hispanica, Solanum melongena, Spinacea oleracea, Valerianella spp. (V. locusta, V. eriocarpa) and Vicia faba. Preferred ornamental species include African violet, Begonia, Dahlia, Gerbera, Hydrangea, Verbena, Rosa, Kalanchoe, Poinsettia, Aster, Centaurea, Coreopsis, Delphinium, Monarda, Phlox, Rudbeckia, Sedum, Petunia, Viola, Impatiens, Geranium, Chrysanthemum, Ranunculus, Fuchsia, Salvia, Hortensia, rosemary, sage, St. Johnswort, mint, sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber. The compounds of formula (I) may be particularly suitable for control of mites, spider mites and rust mites, for example, Acarapis spp.; Acarapis woodi; Acarus siro; Acarus spp.; Aceria sheldoni; Aculops pelekassi; Aculops spp.; Aculus schlechtendali; Aculus spp.; Amblyseius fallacis; Brevipalpus spp.; Brevipalpus phoenicis; Bryobia praetiosa; Bryobia rubrioculus; Caloglyphus spp.; Cheyletiella blakei; Cheyletiella spp.; Cheyletiella yasguri; Chorioptes bovis; Chorioptes spp.; Cytodites spp.; Demodex bovis; Demodex caballi; Demodex canis; Demodex caprae; Demodex equi; Demodex ovis; Demodex spp.; Demodex suis; Dermanyssus gallinae; Dermanyssus spp.; Eotetranychus spp.; Eotetranychus willamettei; Epitrimerus pyri; Eriophyes ribis; Eriophyes spp.; Eriophyes vitis; Eutetranychus spp.; Halotydeus destructor; Hemitarsonemus spp.; Knemidocoptes spp.; Laminosioptes spp.; Listrophorus spp.; Myobia spp.; Neoschongastia xerothermobia; Neotrombicula autumnalis; Neotrombicula desaleri; Notoedres cati; Notoedres spp.; 83014_FF 47 Oligonychus coffeae; Oligonychus ilicis; Oligonychus spp.; Ornithocheyletia spp.; Ornithonyssus bursa; Ornithonyssus spp.; Ornithonyssus sylviarum; cynotis; Otodectes spp.; Panonychus citri; Panonychus spp.; Panonychus ulmi; Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Phyllocoptruta spp.; Phytoseiulus spp.; Pneumonyssoides caninum; Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Polyphagotarsonemus spp.; Psorergates ovis; Psorergates spp.; Psoroptes cuniculi; Psoroptes equi; Psoroptes ovis; Psoroptes spp.; Pterolichus spp.; Raillietia spp.; Rhizoglyphus spp.; Sarcoptes bovis; Sarcoptes canis; Sarcoptes caprae; Sarcoptes equi; Sarcoptes ovis; Sarcoptes rupicaprae; Sarcoptes spp.; Sarcoptes suis; Steneotarsonemus spinki; Steneotarsonemus spp.; Sternostoma spp.; Tarsonemus spp.; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Tetranychus kanzawai; Tetranychus spp.; Tetranychus urticae; Trombicula akamushi; Trombicula spp.; Typhlodromus occidentalis; Tyrophagus spp.; Varroa jacobsoni; Varroa spp.; Vasates lycopersici; and Zetzellia mali. In an embodiment, a compound of formula (I) may control one or more of: Aceria sheldoni ; Aculus lycopersici; Aculus pelekassi; Aculus schlechtendali; Brevipalpus phoenicis; Brevipalpus spp.; Bryobia rubrioculus; Eotetranychus carpini; Eotetranychus spp.; Epitrimerus pyri; Eriophyes piri; Eriophyes spp.; Eriophyes vitis; Eutetranychus africanus; Eutetranychus orientalis; Oligonychus pratensis; Panonychus citri; Panonychus ulmi; Phyllocoptes vitis; Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Tetranychus kanzawai; Tetranychus spp.; and Tetranychus urticae. In a further embodiment, a compound of formula (I) may especially be suitable for controlling one or more of: Aceria sheldoni; Aculus pelekassi; Brevipalpus phoenicis; Brevipalpus spp.; Eriophyes piri; Eriophyes vitis; Eutetranychus africanus; Eutetranychus orientalis; Oligonychus pratensis; Panonychus ulmi; Phyllocoptes vitis; Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Tetranychus kanzawai; Tetranychus spp.; and Tetranychus urticae. The term "crops" is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus. Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as d-endotoxins, e.g., Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g., Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases. 83014_FF 48 In the context of the present invention there are to be understood by d-endotoxins, for example Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1, Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins. Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701). Truncated toxins, for example a truncated Cry1Ab, are known. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced. In such amino acid replacements, preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03/018810). Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0374753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0427529, EP-A-451878 and WO 03/052073. The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. CryI-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO95/34656, EP0367474, EP0401979 and WO90/13651. The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plant tolerance to harmful insects. Such insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two- winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera). Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard Ò (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab toxin); YieldGard RootwormÒ (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard PlusÒ (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); StarlinkÒ (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex IÒ (maize variety that expresses a Cry1Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33BÒ (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard IÒ (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1Ac and a Cry2Ab toxin); VipCot Ò (cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a Cry1Ab toxin); NewLeafÒ (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin); NatureGardÒ, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt11 corn borer (CB) trait) and ProtectaÒ. Further examples of such transgenic crops are: 1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated Cry1Ab toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 83014_FF 49 2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a Cry1Ab toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de l'Hobit 27, F-31790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G-protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810. 4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects. 5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/ES/96/02. 6.1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/NL/00/10. Genetically modified maize for the expression of the protein Cry1F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. 7. NK603 × MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603 × MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer. Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also described in BATS (Zentrum für Biosicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit, Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report 2003, (http://bats.ch). The term "crops" is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for example, the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs, see e.g., EP0392225). Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP0392225, WO95/33818 and EP0353191. The methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. 83014_FF 50 Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens. Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode. Crops that are tolerance to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, high temperature, chill, frost, or light radiation, for example through expression of NF-YB or other proteins known in the art. Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1, KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g., EP0392225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g., WO95/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO03/000906). Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention are the protection of stored goods and store rooms and the protection of raw materials, such as wood, textiles, floor coverings or buildings, and also in the hygiene sector, especially the protection of humans, domestic animals and productive livestock against pests of the mentioned type. The present invention provides a compound of the first aspect for use in therapy. The present invention provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in controlling parasites in or on an animal. The present invention further provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in controlling ectoparasites on an animal. The present invention further provides a compound of the first aspect, for use in preventing and/or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites. According to this particular aspect of the invention, the use may exclude methods for the treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy. The present invention provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for controlling parasites in or on an animal. The present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for controlling ectoparasites on an animal. The present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating diseases transmitted by ectoparasites. The present invention provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, in controlling parasites in or on an animal. The present invention further provides the use of a compound of the first aspect, in controlling ectoparasites on an animal. The term "controlling" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to reducing the number of pests or parasites, eliminating pests or parasites and/or preventing further pest or parasite infestation. The term "treating" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to restraining, slowing, stopping or reversing the progression or severity of an existing symptom or disease. 83014_FF 51 The term "preventing" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to the avoidance of a symptom or disease developing in the animal. The term "animal" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal may refer to a mammal and a non- mammal, such as a bird or fish. In the case of a mammal, it may be a human or non-human mammal. Non- human mammals include, but are not limited to, livestock animals and companion animals. Livestock animals include, but are not limited to, cattle, camellids, pigs, sheep, goats and horses. Companion animals include, but are not limited to, dogs, cats and rabbits. The term "parasite" as used herein, refers to a pest which lives in or on the host animal and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host animal's expense. An "endoparasite" is a parasite which lives in the host animal. An "ectoparasite" is a parasite which lives on the host animal. Ectoparasites include, but are not limited to, acari, insects and crustaceans (e.g., sea lice). The Acari (or Acarina) sub-class comprises ticks and mites. Ticks include, but are not limited to, members of the following genera: Rhipicaphalus, for example, Rhipicaphalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Amblyomrna; Dermacentor; Haemaphysalis; Hyalomma; Ixodes; Rhipicentor; Margaropus; Argas; Otobius; and Ornithodoros. Mites include, but are not limited to, members of the following genera: Chorioptes, for example Chorioptes bovis; Psoroptes, for example Psoroptes ovis; Cheyletiella; Dermanyssus; for example, Dermanyssus gallinae; Ortnithonyssus; Demodex, e.g., Demodex canis; Sarcoptes, e.g., Sarcoptes scabiei; and Psorergates. Insects include, but are not limited to, members of the orders: Siphonaptera, Diptera, Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Homoptera. Members of the Siphonaptera order include, but are not limited to, Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephatides canis. Members of the Diptera order include, but are not limited to, Musca spp.; bot fly, e.g., Gasterophilus intestinalis and Oestrus ovis; biting flies; horse flies, e.g., Haematopota spp. and Tabunus spp.; haematobia, e.g., haematobia irritans; Stomoxys; Lucilia; midges; and mosquitoes. Members of the Phthiraptera class include, but are not limited to, blood sucking lice and chewing lice, e.g., Bovicola Ovis and Bovicola Bovis. The term "effective amount" when used in context of parasites in or on an animal refers to the amount or dose of the compound of the invention, or a salt thereof, which, upon single or multiple dose administration to the animal, provides the desired effect in or on the animal. The effective amount can be readily determined by the attending diagnostician, as one skilled in the art, by the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount a number of factors are considered by the attending diagnostician, including, but not limited to: the species of mammal; its size, age, and general health; the parasite to be controlled and the degree of infestation; the specific disease or disorder involved; the degree of or involvement or the severity of the disease or disorder; the response of the individual; the particular compound administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances. The compounds of the invention may be administered to the animal by any route which has the desired effect including, but not limited to topically, orally, parenterally' and subcutaneously. Topical administration is preferred. Formulations suitable for topical administration include, for example, solutions, emulsions and 83014_FF 52 suspensions and may take the form of a pour-on, spot-on, spray-on, spray race or dip. In the alternative, the compounds of the invention may be administered means of an ear tag or collar. Salt forms of the compounds of the invention include both pharmaceutically acceptable salts and veterinary acceptable salts, which can be different to agrochemically acceptable salts. Pharmaceutically and veterinary acceptable salts and common methodology for preparing them are well known in the art. See, for example, Gould, P.L., "Salt selection for basic drugs", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 33: 201 -217 (1986); Bastin, R.J., et al. "Salt Selection and Optimization Procedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities", Organic Process Research and Development, 4: 427-435 (2000); and Berge, S.M., et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts", Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19, (1977). One skilled in the art of synthesis will appreciate that the compounds of the invention are readily converted to and may be isolated as a salt, such as a hydrochloride salt, using techniques and conditions well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, one skilled in the art of synthesis will appreciate that the compounds of the invention are readily converted to and may be isolated as the corresponding free base from the corresponding salt. The present invention may also provide a method for controlling pests (such as mosquitoes and other disease vectors; see also http://www.who.int/malaria/vector_control/irs/en/). In one embodiment, the method for controlling pests comprises applying the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping. By way of example, an IRS (indoor residual spraying) application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention. In another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions to a substrate such as non-woven or a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents. In one embodiment, the method for controlling such pests comprises applying a pesticidally effective amount of the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate. Such application may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping the pesticidal composition of the invention. By way of example, an IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface. In another embodiment, it is contemplated to apply such compositions for residual control of pests on a substrate such as a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents. Substrates including non-woven, fabrics or netting to be treated may be made of natural fibres such as cotton, raffia, jute, flax, sisal, hessian, or wool, or synthetic fibres such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile or the like. The polyesters are particularly suitable. The methods of textile treatment are known, e.g., WO 2008/151984, WO 2003/034823, US 5631072, WO 2005/64072, WO2006/128870, EP 1724392, WO 2005113886 or WO 2007/090739. Further areas of use of the compositions according to the invention may be the field of tree injection/trunk treatment for all ornamental trees as well all sort of fruit and nut trees. 83014_FF 53 In the field of tree injection/trunk treatment, the compounds according to the present invention may be especially suitable against wood-boring insects the order Lepidoptera as mentioned above and from the order Coleoptera, especially against woodborers listed in the following tables A and B: Table A. Examples of exotic woodborers of economic importance. Family Species Host or Crop Infested Buprestidae Agrilus planipennis Ash Cerambycidae Anoplura glabripennis Hardwoods Xylosandrus crassiusculus Hardwoods Scolytidae X. mutilatus Hardwoods Tomicus piniperda Conifers Table B. Examples of native woodborers of economic importance. Family Species Host or Crop Infested Agrilus anxius Birch Agrilus politus Willow, Maple Agrilus sayi Bayberry, Sweetfern Agrilus vittaticolllis Apple, Pear, Cranberry, Serviceberry, Hawthorn Chrysobothris femorata Apple, Apricot, Beech, Boxelder, Cherry, Chestnut, Buprestidae Currant, Elm, Hawthorn, Hackberry, Hickory, Horsechestnut, Linden, Maple, Mountain-ash, Oak, Pecan, Pear, Peach, Persimmon, Plum, Poplar, Quince, Redbud, Serviceberry, Sycamore, Walnut, Willow Texania campestris Basswood, Beech, Maple, Oak, Sycamore, Willow, Yellow-poplar Goes pulverulentus Beech, Elm, Nuttall, Willow, Black oak, Cherrybark oak, Water oak, Sycamore Goes tigrinus Oak Neoclytus acuminatus Ash, Hickory, Oak, Walnut, Birch, Beech, Maple, Eastern hophornbeam, Dogwood, Persimmon, Redbud, Holly, Hackberry, Black locust, Honeylocust, Yellow-poplar, Cerambycidae Chestnut, Osage-orange, Sassafras, Lilac, Mountain- mahogany, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Peach, Apple, Elm, Basswood, Sweetgum Neoptychodes trilineatus Fig, Alder, Mulberry, Willow, Netleaf hackberry Oberea ocellata Sumac, Apple, Peach, Plum, Pear, Currant, Blackberry Oberea tripunctata Dogwood, Viburnum, Elm, Sourwood, Blueberry, Rhododendron, Azalea, Laurel, Poplar, Willow, Mulberry 83014_FF 54 Family Species Host or Crop Infested Oncideres cingulata Pecan, Persimmon, Elm, Sourwood, Basswood, Honeylocust, Dogwood, Eucalyptus, Oak, Hackberry, Maple, Fruit trees Saperda calcarata Poplar Strophiona nitens Chestnut, Oak, Hickory, Walnut, Beech, Maple Corthylus columbianus Maple, Oak, Yellow-poplar, Beech, Boxelder, Sycamore, Birch, Basswood, Chestnut, Elm Dendroctonus frontalis Pine Dryocoetes betulae Birch, Sweetgum, Wild cherry, Beech, Pear Monarthrum fasciatum Oak, Maple, Birch, Chestnut, Sweetgum, Blackgum, Scolytidae Poplar, Hickory, Mimosa, Apple, Peach, Pine Phloeotribus liminaris Peach, Cherry, Plum, Black cherry, Elm, Mulberry, Mountain-ash Pseudopityophthorus Oak, American beech, Black cherry, Chickasaw plum, pruinosus Chestnut, Maple, Hickory, Hornbeam, Hophornbeam Paranthrene simulans Oak, American chestnut Sannina uroceriformis Persimmon Synanthedon exitiosa Peach, Plum, Nectarine, Cherry, Apricot, Almond, Black cherry Synanthedon pictipes Peach, Plum, Cherry, Beach, Black Cherry Sesiidae Synanthedon rubrofascia Tupelo Synanthedon scitula Dogwood, Pecan, Hickory, Oak, Chestnut, Beech, Birch, Black cherry, Elm, Mountain-ash, Viburnum, Willow, Apple, Loquat, Ninebark, Bayberry Vitacea polistiformis Grape The present invention may be also used to control any insect pests that may be present in turfgrass, including e.g., beetles, caterpillars, fire ants, ground pearls, millipedes, sow bugs, mites, mole crickets, scales, mealybugs, ticks, spittlebugs, southern chinch bugs and white grubs. The present invention may be used to control insect pests at various stages of their life cycle, including eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. In particular, the present invention may be used to control insect pests that feed on the roots of turfgrass including white grubs (such as Cyclocephala spp. (e.g., masked chafer, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus spp. (e.g., European chafer, R. majalis), Cotinus spp. (e.g., Green June beetle, C. nitida), Popillia spp. (e.g., Japanese beetle, P. japonica), Phyllophaga spp. (e.g., May/June beetle), Ataenius spp. (e.g., Black turfgrass ataenius, A. spretulus), Maladera spp. (e.g., Asiatic garden beetle, M. castanea) and Tomarus spp.), ground pearls (Margarodes spp.), mole crickets (tawny, southern, and short-winged; Scapteriscus spp., Gryllotalpa africana) and leatherjackets (European crane fly, Tipula spp.). 83014_FF 55 The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that are thatch dwelling, including armyworms (such as fall armyworm Spodoptera and common armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta), cutworms, billbugs (Sphenophorus spp., such as S. venatus verstitus and S. parvulus), and sod webworms (such as Crambus spp. and the tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis). The present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that live above the ground and feed on the turfgrass leaves, including chinch bugs (such as southern chinch bugs, Blissus insularis), Bermudagrass mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis), rhodesgrass mealybug (Antonina graminis), two-lined spittlebug (Propsapia bicincta), leafhoppers, cutworms (Noctuidae family), and greenbugs. The present invention may also be used to control other pests of turfgrass such as red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) that create ant mounds in turf. In the hygiene sector, the compositions according to the invention may be active against ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas. Examples of such parasites are: Of the order Anoplurida: Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp. and Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.. Of the order Mallophagida: Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp. and Felicola spp.. Of the order Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp. and Melophagus spp.. Of the order Siphonapterida, e.g., Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.. Of the order Heteropterida, e.g., Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.. Of the order Blattarida, e.g., Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattelagermanica and Supella spp.. Of the subclass Acaria (Acarida) and the orders Meta- and Meso-stigmata, e.g., Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp. and Varroa spp.. Of the orders Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), e.g., Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergatesspp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp. and Laminosioptes spp.. 83014_FF 56 The compositions according to the invention may also be suitable for protecting against insect infestation in the case of materials such as wood, textiles, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and card, leather, floor coverings and buildings. The compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, against the following pests: beetles such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinuspecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthesrugicollis, Xyleborus spec.,Tryptodendron spec., Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec. and Dinoderus minutus, and also hymenopterans such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus and Urocerus augur, and termites such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis and Coptotermes formosanus, and bristletails such as Lepisma saccharina. The compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling one or more pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Leucinodes spp., Tuta spp., Plutella spp., Cydia spp., Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Amyelois spp., Maruca spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Agrotis spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Dalbulus spp., Sternechus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillia spp., Scirpophaga spp., Chilo spp., Cnaphalocrosis spp., Tetranychus spp., Panonychus spp., Polyphagotarsonemus spp., Phyllocoptruta spp., Aculus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Oligonychus spp., Aculops spp., Nilaparvata spp., Sogatella spp., Laodelphax spp., Nephotettix spp., Diabrotica spp., Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus spp., Limonius spp., Melanotus spp., Conoderus spp., Delia spp., Amphimallon spp., Popillia spp., Euschistus spp., Piezodorus spp., Nezara spp., Dichelops spp., Lygus spp., Leptocorisa spp., Eurygaster spp., Halymorpha spp., Thrips spp., Scirtothrips spp., Frankliniella spp., Anthonomus spp., Melingethes spp., Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa spp., Bemisia spp., Trialeurodes spp., Aphis spp., and Myzus spp. In a preferred embodiment of each aspect, a compound TX (where the abbreviation “TX” means “one compound selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), controls one or more of pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Leucinodes spp., Tuta spp., Plutella spp., Cydia spp., Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Amyelois spp., Maruca spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Agrotis spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Dalbulus spp., Sternechus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillia spp., Scirpophaga spp., Chilo spp., Cnaphalocrosis spp., Tetranychus spp., Panonychus spp., Polyphagotarsonemus spp., Phyllocoptruta spp., Aculus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Oligonychus spp., Aculops spp., Nilaparvata spp., Sogatella spp., Laodelphax spp., Nephotettix spp., Diabrotica spp., Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus spp., Limonius spp., Melanotus spp., Conoderus spp., Delia spp., Amphimallon spp., Popillia spp., Euschistus spp., Piezodorus spp., Nezara spp., Dichelops spp., Lygus spp., Leptocorisa spp., Eurygaster spp., 83014_FF 57 Halymorpha spp., Thrips spp., Scirtothrips spp., Frankliniella spp., Anthonomus spp., Melingethes spp., Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa spp., Bemisia spp., spp., Aphis spp., and Myzus spp. The compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling one or more pests selected from: Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis), Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Chrysodeixis includens, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Dalbulus maidis, Phyllotreta spp., Popillia japonica, Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella frucifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Nephotettix spp., Diabrotica vigifera, Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius canus, Delia radicum, Popillia japonica, Euschistus heros, Piezodorus lituratus, Nezara viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Lygus sp., Leptocorisa acuta, Halyomorpha halys, Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis, Anthonomus grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, and Myzus persicae. In a preferred embodiment of each aspect, a compound TX (where the abbreviation “TX” means “one compound selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below)), controls one or more of pests selected from the genus: Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis) + TX, Helicoverpa armigera + TX, Heliothis virescens + TX, Leucinodes orbonalis + TX, Tuta absoluta + TX, Plutella xylostella + TX, Cydia pomonella + TX, Lobesia spp + TX, Tortrix spp + TX, Maruca vitrata + TX, Chrysodeixis includens + TX, Agrotis ipsilon + TX, Elasmopalpus lignosellus + TX, Dalbulus maidis + TX, Phyllotreta spp + TX, Popillia japonica + TX, Scirpophaga incertulas + TX, Chilo suppressalis + TX, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis + TX, Tetranychus urticae + TX, Panonychus ulmi + TX, Polyphagotarsonemus latus + TX, Phyllocoptruta oleivora + TX Brevipalpus spp + TX, Aculops lycopersici + TX, Nilaparvata lugens + TX, Sogatella frucifera + TX, Laodelphax striatellus + TX, Nephotettix spp + TX, Diabrotica vigifera + TX, Agriotes spp + TX, Hypnoidus bicolor + TX, Limonius canus + TX, Delia radicum + TX, Popillia japonica + TX, Euschistus heros + TX, Piezodorus lituratus + TX, Nezara viridula + TX, Dichelops furcatus + TX, Lygus spp + TX, Leptocorisa acuta + TX, Halyomorpha haly + TX s, Thrips tabaci + TX, Scirtothrips dorsalis + TX, Frankliniella occidentalis + TX, Anthonomus grandis + TX, Meligethes aeneus + TX, Phyllotreta spp + TX, Leptinotarsa decemlineata + TX, Bemisia tabaci + TX, Trialeurodes vaporariorum + TX, Aphis gossypii + TX, and Myzus persicae + TX. The compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), or salts thereof, are especially suitable for controlling in the crops listed in the Table below the pests listed. Crop Pests 83014_FF 58 leafy vegetables Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici solanacea Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici brassica Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata okra Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata pome fruits Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici vegetables Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae grapes Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis nuts Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata plantation Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici eggplant Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix spp., Maruca vitrata, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici corn Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis), Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Chrysodeixis includens, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Agrotis ipsilon, Dalbulus maidis, Phyllotreta sp., Popillia japonica, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici, Diabrotica virgifera vigifera, Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius canus, Delia radicum, Euschistus heros, Piezodorus 83014_FF 59 lituratus, Nezara viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Lygus spp., Leptocorisa acuta, Halyomorpha halys, grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata soybean Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis), Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Chrysodeixis includens, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Agrotis ipsilon, Dalbulus maidis, Phyllotreta sp., Popillia japonica, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici, Euschistus heros, Piezodorus lituratus, Nezara viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Lygus spp., Leptocorisa acuta, Halyomorpha halys, Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis, Anthonomus grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata cotton Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis), Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Chrysodeixis includens, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Agrotis ipsilon, Dalbulus maidis, Phyllotreta sp., Popillia japonica, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici, Diabrotica virgifera vigifera, Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius canus, Delia radicum, Euschistus heros, Piezodorus lituratus, Nezara viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Lygus spp., Leptocorisa acuta, Halyomorpha halys, Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis, Anthonomus grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae canola Spodoptera frugiperda, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Agrotis ipsilon, Dalbulus maidis, Phyllotreta spp., Popillia japonica rice Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella frucifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Nephotettix spp., Euschistus heros, Piezodorus lituratus, Nezara viridula, Dichelops furcatus, Lygus spp., Leptocorisa acuta, Halyomorpha halys, Anthonomus grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata citrus Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici, Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis potato Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Brevipalpus spp., Aculops lycopersici, Diabrotica virgifera vigifera, Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius canus, Delia radicum, Popillia japonica, Anthonomus grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata Cereal (wheat, Diabrotica virgifera vigifera, Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius canus, Delia sorghum, barley) radicum, Popillia japonica, Anthonomus grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata 83014_FF 60 diverse field Diabrotica virgifera vigifera, Agriotes spp., Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius canus, Delia crops radicum, Popillia japonica fruiting Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis, vegetables peanut Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis onion Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis oil seed rape Anthonomus grandis, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata ornamentals Thrips tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis speciality crops# Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae # as defined in https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/grants/scbgp/specialty-crop In a preferred embodiment of each aspect, a compound TX (where the abbreviation “TX” means “one compound selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below)), controls one or more of Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis), Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia spp., Tortrix sp., Maruca vitrata, Chrysodeixis includens, Agrotis ipsilon, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Dalbulus maidis, Phyllotreta spp., Popillia japonica, Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella frucifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Nephotettix spp., Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, and Myzus persicae; such as Spodoptera spp (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis) + TX, Helicoverpa armigera + TX, Heliothis virescens + TX, Leucinodes orbonalis + TX, Tuta absoluta + TX, Plutella xylostella + TX, Cydia pomonella + TX, Lobesia spp + TX, Tortrix spp + TX, Maruca vitrata + TX, Chrysodeixis includens + TX, Agrotis ipsilon + TX, Elasmopalpus lignosellus + TX, Dalbulus maidis + TX, Phyllotreta spp + TX, Popillia japonica + TX, Scirpophaga incertulas + TX, Chilo suppressalis + TX, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis + TX, Nilaparvata lugens + TX, Sogatella frucifera + TX, Laodelphax striatellus + TX, Nephotettix spp + TX, Bemisia tabaci + TX, Trialeurodes vaporariorum + TX, Aphis gossypii + TX, and Myzus persicae + TX. Compounds according to the invention may possess any number of benefits including, inter alia, advantageous levels of biological activity for protecting plants against insects or superior properties for use as agrochemical active ingredients (for example, greater biological activity, an advantageous spectrum of activity, an increased safety profile (against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability). In particular, it has been surprisingly found that certain compounds of formula (I) may show an advantageous safety profile with respect to non-target arthropods, in particular pollinators such as honey bees, solitary bees, and bumble bees. Most particularly, Apis mellifera. The activity of the compositions according to the invention can be broadened considerably, and adapted to prevailing circumstances, by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients. The mixtures of the compounds of formula (I) with other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active 83014_FF 61 ingredients may also have further surprising advantages which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. For example, better tolerance plants, reduced phytotoxicity, insects can be controlled in their different development stages or better behaviour during their production, e.g., during grinding or mixing, during their storage or during their use. Suitable additions to active ingredients here are, for example, representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acylureas, pyridinylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, neonicotinoids and Bacillus thuringiensis preparations. The following combinations of a compound of formula (I) with another active substance are preferred (where the abbreviation “TX” means “one compound selected from the compounds of the formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below): (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11- dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E)- dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)-dec-5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien- 1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11- enal + TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one + TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-fluoro-4-methyl-5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl)benzene + TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane + TX, 1,2- dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene + TX, 1- hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione + TX, 2-(octylthio)ethanol + TX, 2-[5-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enyl)-1- methyl-imidazol-2-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-pyridine + TX, 2-chlorophenyl N-methylcarbamate (CPMC) + TX, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine + TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide + TX, 4- (quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4-methylnonan-5-one + TX, 5- methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid + TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine + TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, abamectin + TX, acequinocyl + TX, acetamiprid + TX, acetoprole + TX, acrinathrin + TX, acynonapyr + TX, Adoxophyes orana GV + TX, afidopyropen + TX, afoxolaner + TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter + TX, AKD-3088 + TX, alanycarb + TX, aldicarb + TX, aldoxycarb + TX, allethrin + TX, alpha- cypermethrin + TX, alphamethrin + TX, alpha-multistriatin + TX, Amblyseius spp. + TX, amidoflumet + TX, amino acids + TX, aminocarb + TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV + TX, Anagrus atomus + TX, Aphelinus abdominalis + TX, Aphidius colemani + TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza + TX, apholate + TX, Autographa californica NPV + TX, AZ 60541 + TX, azadirachtin + TX, azocyclotin + TX, Bacillus aizawai + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus AQ746 (NRRL Accession No B-21618) + TX, Bacillus firmus + TX, Bacillus kurstaki + TX, Bacillus mycoides AQ726 (NRRL Accession No. B-21664) + TX, Bacillus pumilus (NRRL Accession No B- 30087) + TX, Bacillus pumilus AQ717 (NRRL Accession No. B-21662) + TX, Bacillus sp. AQ175 (ATCC Accession No.55608) + TX, Bacillus sp. AQ177 (ATCC Accession No.55609) + TX, Bacillus sp. AQ178 (ATCC Accession No.53522) + TX, Bacillus sphaericus Neide + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ153 (ATCC Accession No. 55614) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 (NRRL Accession No. B-50421) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ30004 83014_FF 62 (NRRL Accession No. B-50455) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ713 (NRRL Accession No. B-21661) + TX, Bacillus subtilis AQ743 (NRRL Accession No. B-21665) + Bacillus subtilis unspecified + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis AQ52 (NRRL Accession No. B-21619) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis BD#32 (NRRL Accession No B-21530) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Japonensis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki + TX, Bacillus thurin-giensis subsp. Tenebrionis + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subspec. kurstaki BMP 123 + TX, Beauveria bassiana + TX, Beauveria brongniartii + TX, benclothiaz + TX, benomyl + TX, bensultap + TX, bentioflumin (CAS Number: 2566451-67-8) + TX, benzoximate + TX, benzpyrimoxan + TX, betacyfluthrin + TX, beta-cypermethrin + TX, bethoxazin + TX, bifenazate + TX, bifenthrin + TX, binapacryl + TX, bioallethrin + TX, bioresmethrin + TX, bis(tributyltin) oxide + TX, bisazir + TX, bistrifluron + TX, bisulflufen + TX, brevicomin + TX, broflanilide + TX, brofluthrinate + TX, bromoacetamide + TX, bromophos-ethyl + TX, bronopol + TX, busulfan + TX, butocarboxim + TX, butopyronoxyl + TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) + TX, butylpyridaben + TX, cadusafos + TX, calcium arsenate + TX, carbaryl + TX, carbofuran + TX, carbon disulfide + TX, carbosulfan + TX, cartap + TX, CAS number: 1594624-87-9 + TX, CAS number: 1922957-47-8 + TX, CAS number: 1255091-74-7 + TX, CAS number: 1365070-72-9 + TX, CAS number: 1445683-71-5 + TX, CAS number: 1445684-82-1 + TX, CAS Number: 158062-71-6 + TX, CAS number: 1594626-19-3 + TX, CAS number: 1594637-65-6 + TX, CAS number: 1632218-00-8 + TX, CAS number: 1808115-49-2 + TX, CAS number: 1922957-46-7 + TX, CAS number: 1922957-48-9 + TX, CAS number: 1956329-03-5 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-52-7 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-55-0 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-57-2 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-66-3 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-77-6 + TX, CAS number: 1990457-85-6 + TX, CAS number: 2032403-97-5 + TX, CAS number: 2044701-44-0 + TX, CAS number: 2095470-94-1 + TX, CAS number: 2128706-05-6 + TX, CAS number: 2133042-31-4 + TX, CAS number: 2133042-44-9 + TX, CAS number: 2171099-09-3 + TX, CAS number: 2220132-55-6 + TX, CAS number: 2396747-83-2 + TX, CAS number: 2408220-91-5 + TX, CAS number: 2408220-94-8 + TX, CAS number: 2415706-16-8 + TX, CAS Number: 2583740-14-9 + TX, CAS Number: 2583751-98-6 + TX, CAS number: 2719848-60-7 + TX, CAS Number: 34763-86-5 + TX, CAS number: RNA (Leptinotarsa decemlineata-specific recombinant double-stranded interfering GS2) + TX, chlorantraniliprole + TX, chlordane + TX, chlorfenapyr + TX, chloropicrin + TX, chloroprallethrin + TX, chlorpyrifos + TX, chromafenozide + TX, Chrysoperla carnea + TX, clenpirin + TX, cloethocarb + TX, clothianidin + TX, codlelure + TX, codlemone + TX, copper acetoarsenite + TX, copper dioctanoate + TX, copper hydroxide + TX, copper sulfate + TX, cresol + TX, crufomate + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri + TX, cuelure + TX, cyanofenphos + TX, cyantraniliprole + TX, cybenzoxasulfyl (CAS Number: 2128706-04-5) + TX, cybutryne + TX, cyclaniliprole + TX, cyclobutrifluram + TX, cycloprothrin + TX, cycloxaprid + TX, Cydia pomonella GV + TX, cyenopyrafen + TX, cyetpyrafen + TX, cyflumetofen + TX, cyfluthrin + TX, cyhalodiamide + TX, cylohalothrin + TX, cypermethrin + TX, cyphenothrin + TX, cyproflanilide + TX, cyromazine + TX, cytokinins + TX, Dacnusa sibirica + TX, dazomet + TX, DBCP + TX, DCIP + TX, deltamethrin + TX, diafenthiuron + TX, dialifos + TX, diamidafos + TX, dibrom + TX, dibutyl adipate + TX, dibutyl phthalate + TX, dibutyl succinate + TX, dichlofenthion + TX, dichlone + TX, dichlorophen + TX, dicliphos + TX, dicloromezotiaz + TX, diethyltoluamide + TX, diflubenzuron + TX, Diglyphus isaea + TX, dimatif + TX, 83014_FF 63 dimethoate + TX, dimethyl carbate + TX, dimethyl phthalate + TX, dimpropyridaz + TX, dinactin + TX, dinocap + TX, dinotefuran + TX, dioxabenzofos + TX, + TX, disparlure + TX, D-limonene + TX, dodec-8- en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodeca-8,10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, dodicin + TX, dominicalure + TX, doramectin + TX, emamectin + TX, emamectin benzoate + TX, empenthrin + TX, Encarsia formosa + TX, endothal + TX, endrin + TX, eprinomectin + TX, epsilon-momfluorothrin + TX, epsilon- metofluthrin + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus + TX, esfenvalerate + TX, ethion + TX, ethiprole + TX, ethoprophos + TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate + TX, ethyl hexanediol + TX, ethylene dibromide + TX, etofenprox + TX, etoxazole + TX, etpyrafen + TX, eugenol + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermentation product derived from melasse + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermentation product derived from melasse comprising urea + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermented plant products + TX, Extract of seaweed and fermented plant products comprising phytohormones, vitamins, EDTA-chelated copper, zinc, and iron + TX, famphur + TX, fenaminosulf + TX, fenamiphos + TX, fenazaquin + TX, fenfluthrin + TX, fenitrothion + TX, fenmezoditiaz + TX, fenobucarb + TX, fenothiocarb + TX, fenoxycarb + TX, fenpropathrin + TX, fenpyrad + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, fensulfothion + TX, fenthion + TX, fentin + TX, fentinacetate + TX, fenvalerate + TX, ferric phosphate + TX, fipronil + TX, flometoquin + TX, flonicamid + TX, fluacrypyrim + TX, fluazaindolizine + TX, fluazuron + TX, flubendiamide + TX, flubenzimine + TX, fluchlordiniliprole + TX, flucitrinate + TX, flucycloxuron + TX, flucythrinate + TX, fluensulfone [318290-98-1] + TX, fluensulfone + TX, flufenerim + TX, flufenprox + TX, flufiprole + TX, fluhexafon + TX, flumethrin + TX, fluopyram + TX, flupyradifurone + TX, flupyrimin + TX, flupyroxystrobin + TX, fluralaner + TX, fluvalinate + TX, fluxametamide + TX, formaldehyde + TX, fosthiazate + TX, fosthietan + TX, frontalin + TX, furfural + TX, galquin (CAS Number: 2644770-30-7) + TX, gamma- cyhalothrin + TX, Gossyplure® (1:1 mixture of the (Z,E) and (Z,Z) isomers of hexadeca-7,11-dien-1-yl-acetate) + TX, grandlure + TX, grandlure I + TX, grandlure II + TX, grandlure III + TX, grandlure IV + TX, Granulovirus + TX, guadipyr + TX, GY-81 + TX, halfenprox + TX, halofenozide + TX, Harpin + TX, Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Helicoverpa zea NPV + TX, Helicoverpa zea Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Heliothis punctigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Heliothis virescens Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, hemel + TX, hempa + TX, heptafluthrin + TX, heterophos + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis + TX, hexalure + TX, hexamide + TX, hexythiazox + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, hydramethylnon + TX, hydrargaphen + TX, hydrated lime + TX, imicyafos + TX, imidacloprid + TX, imiprothrin + TX, Indazapyroxamet + TX, indoxacarb + TX, iodomethane + TX, iprodione + TX, ipsdienol + TX, ipsenol + TX, isamidofos + TX, isazofos + TX, isocycloseram + TX, Isoflualanam (CAS number: 2892524-05-7) + TX, isothioate + TX, ivermectin + TX, japonilure + TX, kappa-bifenthrin + TX, kappa-tefluthrin + TX, kasugamycin + TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate + TX, kinetin + TX, lambda-cyhalothrin + TX, ledprona + TX, lepimectin + TX, Leptomastix dactylopii + TX, lineatin + TX, litlure + TX, looplure + TX, lotilaner + TX, lufenuron + TX, Macrolophus caliginosus + TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV + TX, mecarphon + TX, medlure + TX, megatomoic acid + TX, metaflumizone + TX, metaldehyde + TX, metam + TX, metam-potassium + TX, metam-sodium + TX, Metaphycus helvolus + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae + TX, Metarhizium spp. + TX, metepa + TX, methiocarb + TX, methiotepa + TX, methomyl + TX, methoquin-butyl + TX, methoxyfenozide + TX, methyl apholate + TX, methyl bromide + TX, methyl eugenol + TX, methyl isothiocyanate + TX, 83014_FF 64 methylneodecanamide + TX, metofluthrin + TX, metolcarb + TX, mexacarbate + TX, milbemectin + TX, milbemycin oxime + TX, momfluorothrin + TX, + TX, moxidectin + TX, muscalure + TX, Muscodor albus 620 (NRRL Accession No. 30547) + TX, Muscodor roseus A3-5 (NRRL Accession No. 30548) + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition + TX, nabam + TX, NC-184 + TX, Neem tree based products + TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV + TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) + TX, niclosamide + TX, niclosamide-olamine + TX, nicofluprole + TX, nitenpyram + TX, nithiazine + TX, nitrapyrin + TX, octadeca- 2,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octhilinone + TX, omethoate + TX, orfralure + TX, Orius spp. + TX, oryctalure + TX, ostramone + TX, oxamate + TX, oxamyl + TX, oxazosulfyl + TX, oxolinic acid + TX, oxytetracycline + TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus + TX, parathion-ethyl + TX, Pasteuria nishizawae + TX, Pasteuria penetrans + TX, Pasteuria ramosa + TX, Pasteuria thornei + TX, Pasteuria usgae + TX, P-cymene + TX, penfluron + TX, pentachlorophenol + TX, permethrin + TX, phenothrin + TX, phorate + TX, phosphamidon + TX, phosphocarb + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis + TX, picaridin + TX, pioxaniliprole + TX, piperazine + TX, piperflanilide (CAS number: 2615135-05-0) + TX, piperonylbutoxide + TX, pirimicarb + TX, pirimiphos-ethyl + TX, pirimiphos-methyl + TX, Plutella xylostella Granulosis virus + TX, Plutella xylostella Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Polyhedrosis virus + TX, potassium and molybdenum and EDTA-chelated manganese + TX, potassium ethylxanthate + TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, prallethrin + TX, probenazole + TX, profenofos + TX, profluthrin + TX, propargite + TX, propetamphos + TX, propoxur + TX, prothiophos + TX, protrifenbute + TX, pyflubumide + TX, pymetrozine + TX, pyraclofos + TX, pyrafluprole + TX, pyrethrum + TX, pyridaben + TX, pyridalyl + TX, pyridin- 4-amine + TX, pyrifluquinazon + TX, pyrimidifen + TX, pyriminostrobin + TX, pyriprole [394730-71-3] + TX, pyriprole + TX, pyriproxyfen + TX, QRD 420 (a terpenoid blend) + TX, QRD 452 (a terpenoid blend) + TX, QRD 460 (a terpenoid blend) + TX, Quillaja saponaria + TX, quinoclamine + TX, quinonamid + TX, resmethrin + TX, Rhodococcus globerulus AQ719 (NRRL Accession No B-21663) + TX, sarolaner + TX, S-bioallethrin + TX, sebufos + TX, selamectin + TX, siglure + TX, silafluofen + TX, simazine + TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide + TX, sordidin + TX, spidoxamat + TX, spinetoram + TX, spinosad + TX, spirobudifen + TX, spirodiclofen + TX, spiromesifen + TX, spiropidion + TX, spirotetramat + TX, Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus + TX, Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus + TX, Steinernema bibionis + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae + TX, Steinernema feltiae + TX, Steinernema glaseri + TX, Steinernema riobrave + TX, Steinernema riobravis + TX, Steinernema scapterisci + TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, Streptomyces galbus (NRRL Accession No.30232) + TX, Streptomyces sp. (NRRL Accession No. B-30145) + TX, streptomycin + TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate + TX, strychnine + TX, sulcatol + TX, sulfiflumin (CAS number: 2377084-09-6) + TX, sulfoxaflor + TX, tazimcarb + TX, tebufenozide + TX, tebufenpyrad + TX, tebupirimiphos + TX, tecloftalam + TX, tefluthrin + TX, temephos + TX, tepa + TX, terbam + TX, terbufos + TX, terpenoid blend + TX, tetrachlorantraniliprole + TX, tetrachlorothiophene + TX, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, tetradiphon + TX, tetramethrin + TX, tetramethylfluthrin + TX, tetranactin + TX, tetraniliprole + TX, theta-cypermethrin + TX, thiacloprid + TX, thiafenox + TX, thiamethoxam + TX, thiocyclam + TX, thiodicarb + TX, thiofanox + TX, thiohempa + TX, thiomersal + TX, thiometon + TX, thionazin + TX, thiophanate + TX, thiosultap + TX, thiotepa + TX, tiapyrachlor (CAS Number: 1255091-74-7) + TX, tigolaner + TX, tiorantraniliprole + TX, tioxazafen + TX, 83014_FF 65 tolfenpyrad + TX, toxaphene + TX, tralomethrin + TX, transfluthrin + TX, tretamine + TX, triazamate + TX, triazophos + TX, triazuron + TX, tributyltin oxide trichlorfon + TX, trichloronate + TX, trichlorphon + TX, Trichogramma spp. + TX, trifenmorph + TX, trifluenfuronate + TX, triflumezopyrim + TX, trimedlure + TX, trimedlure A + TX, trimedlure B1 + TX, trimedlure B2 + TX, trimedlure C + TX, trimethacarb + TX, triphenyltin acetate + TX, triphenyltin hydroxide + TX, trunc-call + TX, tyclopyrazoflor + TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis + TX, uredepa + TX, Verticillium lecanii + TX, Verticillium spp. + TX, xylenols + TX, YI-5302 + TX, zeatin + TX, zeta-Cypermethrin + TX; N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-ethyl-N’-[5- methoxy-2-methyl-4-[(2-trifuoromethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2019/110427) + TX, (3',4',5'-trifluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-amide + TX, (3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017/220485) + TX, (4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2-amino- 6-methyl-pyridine-3-carboxylate (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2014/006945) + TX, (5-methyl-2-pyridyl)-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methanone + TX, (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,11E)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (9Z,12E)- tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E)-6-methylhept-2-en-4-ol + TX, (E)-dec-5-en-1-yl acetate with (E)- dec-5-en-1-ol + TX, (E)-tridec-4-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z)-tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate, + TX, (R)-3- (difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, (Z)-dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal + TX, (Z)-hexadec-13-en-11-yn-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z)-icos-13-en-10-one + TX, (Z)-tetradec-7-en-1-al + TX, (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol + TX, (Z)- tetradec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3- dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018/153707) + TX, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide + TX, , [2-[3- [2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl]-3-chloro- phenyl] methanesulfonate + TX, 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6,7-dimethyl- pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,6-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline + TX, 1-(6-chloro-7-methyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)- 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/025510) + TX, 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol + TX, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4- ethylphenyl)ethane + TX, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane + TX, 1,2-dichloropropane with 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dichloropropene + TX, 1,3-dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]- methyl]urea + TX, 1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one + TX, 10-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, 14-methyloctadec-1-ene + TX, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane + TX, 1-dichloro-1- nitroethane + TX, 1-hydroxy-1H-pyridine-2-thione + TX, 1-methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 1-methyl-4-[3-methyl-2-[[2-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-1- yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]tetrazol-5-one + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl) pyridine- 3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl) pyridine-3- carboxamide + TX, 2- 83014_FF 66 (1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenyl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate + TX, 2-(2- butoxyethoxy)ethyl thiocyanate + TX, 2-(4,5- 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate + TX, 2-(4- chloro-3,5-xylyloxy)ethanol + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3- carboxamide + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2- (difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2014/095675) + TX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl- indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide + TX, 2-(octylthio)ethanol + TX, 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate + TX, 2,2-dichlorovinyl 2-ethylsulfinylethyl methyl phosphate + TX, 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide + TX, 2,4-dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate + TX, 2,6- Dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2011/138281) + TX, 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3- quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol + TX, 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1- yl)propan-2-ol (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017/029179) + TX, 2-[6- (4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017/029179) + TX, 2-chlorovinyl diethyl phosphate + TX, 2- fluoro-N-methyl-N-1-naphthylacetamide + TX, 2-imidazolidone + TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione + TX, 2- methyl(prop-2-ynyl)aminophenyl methylcarbamate + TX, 2-oxo-N-propyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018/065414) + TX, 2-thiocyanatoethyl laurate + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-isoquinolyl)-7,8-dihydro- 6H-cyclopenta[e]benzimidazole (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2016/156085) + TX, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethylisoquinolin-1-yl)quinolone + TX, 3-(4- chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine + TX, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyrazole-4- carboxamide + TX, 3,4-dichlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide + TX, 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2- fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2016/156290) + TX, 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy- propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2016/156290) + TX, 3-bromo-1-chloroprop-1-ene + TX, 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine + TX, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid + TX, 3-ethyl-1- methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea + TX, 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5- yl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol- 5-amine + TX, 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenyl-pyridazine-3-carbonitrile + TX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro- phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine + TX, 4-(quinoxalin-2- ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 4,4-difluoro-1-(5-fluoro-4-methyl-benzimidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl- isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(6-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 4,4- difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1- difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)- 1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4- 83014_FF 67 difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioxo-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy] benzonitrile + TX, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methyl-propyl)-5-[(6- 3-pyridyl)methoxy]pyridazin-3-one + TX, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone + TX, 4-methyl(prop-2-ynyl)amino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate + TX, 4-methylnonan-5-ol with 4- methylnonan-5-one + TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one + TX, 5,5-dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1- enyl dimethylcarbamate + TX, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol zinc salt (2:1) + TX, 5-methyl-6-thioxo-1,3,5- thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid + TX, 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2- difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020/109391) + TX, 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]- 5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020/109391) + TX, 6-chloro-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(4-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)isoquinoline + TX, 6-chloro-N-[2-(2-chloro-4- methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020/109391) + TX, 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo- pyrrolo[4,5][1,4]dithiino[1,2-c]isothiazole-3-carbonitrile + TX, 6-isopentenylaminopurine + TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1R)- 1-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, 8-fluoro-N-[(1S)-1-[(3- fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, acethion + TX, acetoprole + TX, acibenzolar + TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl + TX, acrylonitrile + TX, Adoxophyes orana GV + TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter + TX, aldoxycarb + TX, aldrin + TX, allosamidin + TX, allyxycarb + TX, alpha-chlorohydrin + TX, alpha-ecdysone + TX, alpha-multistriatin + TX, aluminium phosphide + TX, Amblyseius spp. + TX, amectotractin + TX, ametoctradin + TX, amidithion + TX, amidothioate + TX, aminocarb + TX, aminopyrifen + TX, amisulbrom + TX, amiton + TX, amiton hydrogen oxalate + TX, amitraz + TX, anabasine + TX, Anagrapha falcifera NPV + TX, Anagrus atomus + TX, ancymidol + TX, anilazine + TX, anisiflupurin + TX, anthraquinone + TX, antu + TX, Aphelinus abdominalis + TX, Aphidius colemani + TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza + TX, apholate + TX, aramite + TX, arsenous oxide + TX, athidathion + TX, Autographa californica NPV + TX, azaconazole + TX, azamethiphos + TX, azobenzene + TX, azothoate + TX, azoxystrobin + TX, Bacillus sphaericus Neide + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins + TX, barium carbonate + TX, barium hexafluorosilicate + TX, barium polysulfide + TX, barthrin + TX, Bayer 22/190 + TX, Bayer 22408 + TX, Beauveria brongniartii + TX, benalaxyl + TX, benclothiaz + TX, benomyl + TX, benoxafos + TX, benthiavalicarb + TX, benzothiostrobin + TX, benzovindiflupyr + TX, benzyl benzoate + TX, beta- cyfluthrin + TX, beta-cypermethrin + TX, bethoxazin + TX, bioethanomethrin + TX, biopermethrin + TX, bis(2- chloroethyl) ether + TX, bis(tributyltin) oxide + TX, bisazir + TX, bisthiosemi + TX, bitertanol + TX, bixafen + TX, blasticidin-S + TX, borax + TX, bordeaux mixture + TX, boscalid + TX, brevicomin + TX, brodifacoum + TX, brofenvalerate + TX, bromadiolone + TX, bromethalin + TX, bromfenvinfos + TX, bromoacetamide + TX, bromocyclen + TX, bromo-DDT + TX, bromophos + TX, bromopropylate + TX, bromuconazole + TX, bronopol + TX, bufencarb + TX, bupirimate + TX, buprofezin + TX, busulfan + TX, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol- 5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate + TX, butacarb + TX, butathiofos + TX, butocarboxim + TX, butonate + TX, butopyronoxyl + TX, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) + TX, butoxycarboxim + TX, butylpyridaben + TX, calcium arsenate + TX, calcium cyanide + TX, calcium polysulfide + TX, 83014_FF 68 camphechlor + TX, captafol + TX, captan + TX, carbanolate + TX, carbendazim + TX, carbon disulfide + TX, carbon tetrachloride + TX, carbophenothion + + TX, cartap hydrochloride + TX, CAS Number: 2454319-63-0 + TX, cevadine + TX, chinomethionat + TX, chloralose + TX, chlorbenside + TX, chlorbicyclen + TX, chlordane + TX, chlordecone + TX, chlordimeform + TX, chlordimeform hydrochloride + TX, chlorfenethol + TX, chlorfenson + TX, chlorfensulfide + TX, chlorobenzilate + TX, chloroform + TX, chloroinconazide + TX, chloromebuform + TX, chloromethiuron + TX, chloroneb + TX, chlorophacinone + TX, chloropicrin + TX, chloropropylate + TX, chlorothalonil + TX, chlorphoxim + TX, chlorprazophos + TX, chlorthiophos + TX, chlozolinate + TX, cholecalciferol + TX, Chrysoperla carnea + TX, cinerin I + TX, cinerin II + TX, cinerins + TX, cismethrin + TX, cis-resmethrin + TX, clocythrin + TX, closantel + TX, codlelure + TX, codlemone + TX, copper acetoarsenite + TX, copper arsenate + TX, copper dioctanoate + TX, copper hydroxide + TX, copper naphthenate + TX, copper oleate + TX, copper oxide + TX, copper oxychloride + TX, copper sulfate + TX, coumachlor + TX, coumafuryl + TX, coumaphos + TX, coumatetralyl + TX, coumethoxystrobin (jiaxiangjunzhi) + TX, coumithoate + TX, coumoxystrobin + TX, cresol + TX, crimidine + TX, crotamiton + TX, crotoxyphos + TX, crufomate + TX, cryolite + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri + TX, CS 708 + TX, cuelure + TX, cufraneb + TX, cyanofenphos + TX, cyanophos + TX, cyanthoate + TX, cyazofamid + TX, cybutryne + TX, cyclethrin + TX, cyclobutrifluram + TX, Cydia pomonella GV + TX, cyflufenamid + TX, cymiazole + TX, cymoxanil + TX, cyproconazole + TX, cyprodinil + TX, cythioate + TX, cytokinins + TX, Dacnusa sibirica + TX, DAEP + TX, dazomet + TX, DCIP + TX, DCPM + TX, DDT + TX, debacarb + TX, decarbofuran + TX, demephion + TX, demephion-O + TX, demephion-S + TX, demeton-methyl + TX, demeton-O + TX, demeton-O-methyl + TX, demeton-S + TX, demeton-S-methyl + TX, demeton-S-methylsulfon + TX, diamidafos + TX, dibutyl adipate + TX, dibutyl phthalate + TX, dibutyl succinate + TX, dicapthon + TX, dichlobentiazox + TX, dichlofenthion + TX, dichlofluanid + TX, dichlone + TX, dichlorophen + TX, dichlorvos + TX, dichlozoline + TX, dicliphos + TX, diclocymet + TX, diclomezine + TX, dicloran + TX, dicresyl + TX, dicyclanil + TX, dicyclopentadiene + TX, dieldrin + TX, dienochlor + TX, diethofencarb + TX, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate + TX, diethyltoluamide + TX, difenacoum + TX, difenoconazole + TX, difethialone + TX, diflovidazin + TX, Diglyphus isaea + TX, dilor + TX, dimatif + TX, dimefluthrin + TX, dimefox + TX, dimetan + TX, dimethirimol + TX, dimethomorph + TX, dimethrin + TX, dimethyl carbate + TX, dimethyl phthalate + TX, dimethylvinphos + TX, dimetilan + TX, dimoxystrobin + TX, dinex + TX, dinex-diclexine + TX, diniconazole + TX, dinocap-4 + TX, dinocap-6 + TX, dinocton + TX, dinopenton + TX, dinoprop + TX, dinosam + TX, dinoseb + TX, dinosulfon + TX, dinoterbon + TX, diofenolan + TX, dioxabenzofos + TX, dioxathion + TX, diphacinone + TX, diphenyl sulfone + TX, dipymetitrone + TX, dipyrithione + TX, disparlure + TX, disulfiram + TX, dithianon + TX, dithicrofos + TX, DNOC + TX, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate + TX, dodeca-8 + TX, dodemorph + TX, dodicin + TX, dodine + TX, dofenapyn + TX, dominicalure + TX, doramectin + TX, DSP + TX, d- tetramethrin + TX, ecdysterone + TX, edifenphos + TX, EI 1642 + TX, EMPC + TX, Encarsia formosa + TX, endothal + TX, endothion + TX, enestroburin + TX, enoxastrobin + TX, EPBP + TX, epoxiconazole + TX, eprinomectin + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus + TX, ergocalciferol + TX, etaphos + TX, ethaboxam + TX, ethiofencarb + TX, ethirimol + TX, ethoate-methyl + TX, ethyl 1-[[4-[(Z)-2-ethoxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1- enoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3-carboxylate (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 83014_FF 69 2020/056090) + TX, ethyl 1-[[4-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-3- carboxylate (may be prepared from the described in WO 2020/056090) + TX, ethyl 1-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate + TX, ethyl 1-[[5-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-2-thienyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxylate (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018/158365) + TX, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate + TX, ethyl formate + TX, ethyl hexanediol + TX, ethylene dibromide + TX, ethylene dichloride + TX, ethylene oxide + TX, etridiazole + TX, etrimfos + TX, eugenol + TX, EXD + TX, famoxadone + TX, farnesol + TX, farnesol with nerolidol + TX, fenamidone + TX, fenaminosulf + TX, fenaminstrobin + TX, fenarimol + TX, fenazaflor + TX, fenbuconazole + TX, fenbutatin oxide + TX, fenchlorphos + TX, feneptamidoquin (CAS Number: 2132414-04- 9) + TX, fenethacarb + TX, fenfuram + TX, fenhexamid + TX, fenitrothion + TX, fenopyramid (CAS Number: 2344721-61-3) + TX, fenothiocarb + TX, fenoxacrim + TX, fenoxanil + TX, fenpiclonil + TX, fenpicoxamid + TX, fenpirithrin + TX, fenpropidin + TX, fenpropimorph + TX, fenpyrad + TX, fenpyrazamine + TX, fenpyroximate + TX, fenson + TX, fensulfothion + TX, fenthion + TX, fenthion-ethyl + TX, fentin + TX, fentrifanil + TX, ferbam + TX, ferimzone + TX, ferric phosphate + TX, flocoumafen + TX, florylpicoxamid + TX, fluazinam + TX, flubeneteram + TX, flubenzimine + TX, flucofuron + TX, flucycloxuron + TX, fludioxonil + TX, fluenetil + TX, flufenoxadiazam + TX, flufenoxystrobin + TX, fluindapyr + TX, flumetylsulforim + TX, flumorph + TX, fluopicolide + TX, fluopimomide + TX, fluopyram + TX, fluorbenside + TX, fluoroacetamide + TX, fluoroimide + TX, fluoxapiprolin + TX, fluoxastrobin + TX, fluoxytioconazole + TX, flupropadine + TX, flupropadine hydrochloride + TX, fluquinconazole + TX, flusilazole + TX, flusulfamide + TX, flutianil + TX, flutolanil + TX, flutriafol + TX, fluxapyroxad + TX, FMC 1137 + TX, folpet + TX, formaldehyde + TX, formetanate + TX, formetanate hydrochloride + TX, formparanate + TX, fosetyl-aluminium + TX, fosmethilan + TX, fospirate + TX, fosthietan + TX, frontalin + TX, fuberidazole + TX, furalaxyl + TX, furametpyr + TX, furathiocarb + TX, furethrin + TX, furfural + TX, gamma-HCH + TX, glyodin + TX, grandlure + TX, grandlure I + TX, grandlure II + TX, grandlure III + TX, grandlure IV + TX, guazatine + TX, guazatine acetates + TX, halfenprox + TX, HCH + TX, hemel + TX, hempa + TX, HEOD + TX, heptachlor + TX, heterophos + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. megidis + TX, hexaconazole + TX, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate + TX, hexalure + TX, hexamide + TX, HHDN + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, hydrargaphen + TX, hydrated lime + TX, hydrogen cyanide + TX, hymexazol + TX, hyquincarb + TX, imanin + TX, imazalil + TX, imibenconazole + TX, iminoctadine + TX, inpyrfluxam + TX, ipconazole + TX, ipfentrifluconazole + TX, ipflufenoquin + TX, iprobenphos + TX, iprodione + TX, iprovalicarb + TX, ipsdienol + TX, ipsenol + TX, IPSP + TX, isamidofos + TX, isazofos + TX, isobenzan + TX, isocarbophos + TX, isodrin + TX, isofenphos + TX, isofetamid + TX, isoflucypram + TX, isolane + TX, isoprothiolane + TX, isopyrazam + TX, isotianil + TX, isoxathion + TX, japonilure + TX, jasmolin I + TX, jasmolin II + TX, jodfenphos + TX, juvenile hormone I + TX, juvenile hormone II + TX, juvenile hormone III + TX, kadethrin + TX, kasugamycin + TX, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate + TX, kelevan + TX, kinetin + TX, kinoprene + TX, kresoxim-methyl + TX, lead arsenate + TX, Leptomastix dactylopii + TX, leptophos + TX, lindane + TX, lineatin + TX, lirimfos + TX, litlure + TX, looplure + TX, lvbenmixianan + TX, lythidathion + TX, Macrolophus caliginosus + TX, magnesium phosphide + TX, malonoben + TX, Mamestra brassicae NPV + TX, mancopper + TX, mancozeb + TX, mandestrobin + TX, mandipropamid + TX, maneb + TX, mazidox + TX, 83014_FF 70 m-cumenyl methylcarbamate + TX, mecarbam + TX, mecarphon + TX, medlure + TX, mefentrifluconazole + TX, megatomoic acid + TX, menazon + TX, + TX, meperfluthrin + TX, mephosfolan + TX, mepronil + TX, mercuric oxide + TX, mercurous chloride + TX, mesulfen + TX, mesulfenfos + TX, metalaxyl + TX, metam + TX, metam-potassium + TX, metam-sodium + TX, Metaphycus helvolus + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae + TX, metarylpicoxamid + TX, metconazole + TX, metepa + TX, methacrifos + TX, methanesulfonyl fluoride + TX, methasulfocarb + TX, methiotepa + TX, methocrotophos + TX, methoprene + TX, methoquin-butyl + TX, methothrin + TX, methoxychlor + TX, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)- 2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2020/193387) + TX, methyl (Z)-2-[5-(3-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-phenoxy]-3- methoxy-prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]prop-2- enoate + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-propyltriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2020/079111) + TX, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[4- (trifluoromethyl)triazol-2-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate + TX, methyl apholate + TX, methyl bromide + TX, methyl eugenol + TX, methyl isothiocyanate + TX, methyl N-[[4-[1-(2,6-difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2- methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020/097012) + TX, methyl N-[[4-[1-(4-cyclopropyl-2,6-difluoro-phenyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate (may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2020/097012) + TX, methyl N-[[5-[4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)triazol- 2-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate + TX, methylchloroform + TX, methylene chloride + TX, methylneodecanamide + TX, metiram + TX, metolcarb + TX, metomi-nostrobin + TX, metoxadiazone + TX, metrafenone + TX, metyltetraprole + TX, MGK 264 + TX, milbemycin oxime + TX, mipafox + TX, mirex + TX, monocrotophos + TX, morphothion + TX, morzid + TX, moxidectin + TX, muscalure + TX, myclobutanil + TX, myclozoline + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria composition + TX, N-((1R)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)- 8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/153380) + TX, N-((1S)-1-benzyl-3-chloro-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2017/153380) + TX, N'-(2,5-dimethyl- 4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methyl-formamidine + TX, N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]- propanamide + TX, N,N-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3- amine (THESE COMPOUNDS may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2017/055473, WO 2017/055469, WO 2017/093348 and WO 2017/118689) + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8- difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1R)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1- benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-1,3-dimethyl-butyl]-8- fluoro-quinoline-3-carboxamide + TX, N-[(1S)-1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-8-fluoro-quinoline-3- carboxamide + TX, N-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-[[4-[5-(trifluoro- 83014_FF 71 methyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, N-[2-[2,4-dichloro-phenoxy]phenyl]-3- (difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4- TX, N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3- (difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + TX, N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N- ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2016/202742) + TX, N'-[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5- bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2015/155075) + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6- (2-propoxypropoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (this compound may be prepared from the methods described in IPCOM000249876D) + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1R)-1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy]- 3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy]-3- pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N'-[5-chloro-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]- N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, N-[N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO 2018/202428) + TX, N’-[4-(1-cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl]-N- isopropyl-N-methyl-formamidine (these compounds may be prepared from the methods described in WO2018/228896) + TX, nabam + TX, naftalofos + TX, naled + TX, naphthalene + TX, NC-170 + TX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV and N. lecontei NPV + TX, nerolidol + TX, N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide + TX, N-ethyl-N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[(2-trifluoromethyl)oxetan- 2-yl]phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) + TX, niclosamide-olamine + TX, nicotine + TX, nicotine sulfate + TX, nifluridide + TX, nikkomycins + TX, N-isopropyl-N’-[5-methoxy-2-methyl- 4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-ethyl)phenyl]-N-methyl-formamidine + TX, nithiazine + TX, nitrapyrin + TX, nitrilacarb + TX, nitrilacarb 1:1 zinc chloride complex + TX, nitrothal-isopropyl + TX, N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide + TX, N-methyl-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + TX, N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzenecarbothioamide + TX, norbormide + TX, nuarimol + TX, O,O,O',O'-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate + TX, octadeca-2,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octadeca-3,13-dien-1-yl acetate + TX, octhilinone + TX, ofurace + TX, oleic acid + TX, omethoate + TX, orfralure + TX, Orius spp. + TX, oryctalure + TX, orysastrobin + TX, ostramone + TX, oxadixyl + TX, oxamate + TX, oxathiapiprolin + TX, oxine-copper + TX, oxolinic acid + TX, oxycarboxin + TX, oxydeprofos + TX, oxydisulfoton + TX, oxytetracycline + TX, paclobutrazole + TX, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus + TX, para-dichlorobenzene + TX, parathion + TX, parathion-methyl + TX, pefurazoate + TX, penconazole + TX, pencycuron + TX, penflufen + TX, penfluron + TX, pentachlorophenol + TX, pentachlorophenyl laurate + TX, penthiopyrad + TX, permethrin + TX, PH 60-38 + TX, phenamacril + TX, phenkapton + TX, phosacetim + TX, phosalone + TX, phosdiphen + TX, phosfolan + TX, phosglycin + TX, phosnichlor + TX, phosphamidon + TX, phosphine + TX, phosphorus + TX, phoxim-methyl + TX, phthalide + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis + TX, picarbutrazox + TX, picaridin + TX, picoxystrobin + TX, pindone + TX, piperazine + TX, piperonyl butoxide + TX, piprotal + TX, pirimetaphos + TX, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers + TX, polychloroterpenes + TX, polynactins + TX, polyoxins + TX, potassium arsenite + TX, potassium 83014_FF 72 ethylxanthate + TX, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate + TX, potassium thiocyanate + TX, pp'-DDT + TX, precocene I + TX, precocene II + TX, precocene TX, primidophos + TX, probenazole + TX, prochloraz + TX, proclonol + TX, procymidone + TX, profluthrin + TX, promacyl + TX, promecarb + TX, propamocarb + TX, propiconazole + TX, propineb + TX, propoxur + TX, propyl isomer + TX, proquinazid + TX, prothidathion + TX, prothioconazole + TX, prothiofos + TX, prothoate + TX, pydiflumetofen + TX, pyraclostrobin + TX, pyrametostrobin + TX, pyraoxystrobin + TX, pyrapropoyne + TX, pyraziflumid + TX, pyrazophos + TX, pyresmethrin + TX, pyrethrin I + TX, pyrethrin II + TX, pyrethrins + TX, pyribencarb + TX, pyridachlometyl + TX, pyridaphenthion + TX, pyridin-4-amine + TX, pyrifenox + TX, pyrimethanil + TX, pyrimitate + TX, pyrimorph + TX, pyrinuron + TX, pyriofenone + TX, pyrisoxazole + TX, pyroquilon + TX, quassia + TX, quinalphos + TX, quinalphos-methyl + TX, quinoclamine + TX, quinofumelin + TX, quinonamid + TX, quinothion + TX, quinoxyfen + TX, quintiofos + TX, quintozene + TX, R-1492 + TX, rafoxanide + TX, resmethrin + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract + TX, ribavirin + TX, R metalaxyl + TX, rotenone + TX, ryania + TX, ryanodine + TX, S421 + TX, sabadilla + TX, schradan + TX, scilliroside + TX, seboctylamine + TX, sebufos + TX, sedaxane + TX, selamectin + TX, sesamex + TX, sesasmolin + TX, SI-0009 + TX, siglure + TX, simazine + TX, simeconazole + TX, sodium arsenite + TX, sodium cyanide + TX, sodium fluoride + TX, sodium fluoroacetate + TX, sodium hexafluorosilicate + TX, sodium pentachlorophenoxide + TX, sodium selenate + TX, sodium tetrathiocarbonate + TX, sodium thiocyanate + TX, sophamide + TX, sordidin + TX, spiroxamine + TX, SSI- 121 + TX, Steinernema bibionis + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae + TX, Steinernema feltiae + TX, Steinernema glaseri + TX, Steinernema riobrave + TX, Steinernema riobravis + TX, Steinernema scapterisci + TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, streptomycin + TX, streptomycin sesquisulfate + TX, strychnine + TX, sulcatol + TX, sulcofuron + TX, sulcofuron-sodium + TX, sulfiram + TX, sulfluramid + TX, sulfotep + TX, sulfoxide + TX, sulfur + TX, sulfuryl fluoride + TX, sulprofos + TX, tar oils + TX, tau-fluvalinate + TX, tazimcarb + TX, TDE + TX, tebuconazole + TX, tebufloquin + TX, tebupirimfos + TX, tecloftalam + TX, temephos + TX, tepa + TX, TEPP + TX, terallethrin + TX, terbam + TX, tert-butyl N-[6-[[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]- oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate + TX, tetrachloroethane + TX, tetrachlorothiophene + TX, tetraconazole + TX, tetradec-11-en-1-yl acetate + TX, tetradifon + TX, tetramethylfluthrin + TX, tetrasul + TX, thallium sulfate + TX, thiabendazole + TX, thiafenox + TX, thiapronil + TX, thicrofos + TX, thifluzamide + TX, thiocarboxime + TX, thiocyclam + TX, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate + TX, thiodiazole copper + TX, thiofanox + TX, thiohempa + TX, thiomersal + TX, thiometon + TX, thionazin + TX, thiophanate + TX, thiophanate-methyl + TX, thioquinox + TX, thiosultap + TX, thiosultap-sodium + TX, thiotepa + TX, thiram + TX, thuringiensin + TX, tiadinil + TX, tolclofos- methyl + TX, tolprocarb + TX, tolylfluanid + TX, tralomethrin + TX, transpermethrin + TX, tretamine + TX, triadimefon + TX, triadimenol + TX, triamiphos + TX, triarathene + TX, triazamate + TX, triazophos + TX, triazoxide + TX, triazuron + TX, tributyltin oxide + TX, trichlormetaphos-3 + TX, trichloronat + TX, Trichogramma spp. + TX, triclopyricarb + TX, tricyclazole + TX, tridemorph + TX, trifenmorph + TX, trifenofos + TX, trifloxystrobin + TX, triflumizole + TX, triforine + TX, trimedlure + TX, trimedlure A + TX, trimedlure B1 + TX, trimedlure B2 + TX, trimedlure C + TX, trimethacarb + TX, trinactin + TX, trinexapac + TX, triphenyltin acetate + TX, triphenyltin hydroxide + TX, triprene + TX, triticonazole + TX, trunc-call + TX, Typhlodromus occidentalis + TX, uredepa + TX, validamycin + TX, valifenalate + TX, vamidothion + TX, vaniliprole + TX, 83014_FF 73 veratridine + TX, veratrine + TX, verbutin + TX, Verticillium lecanii + TX, vinclozoline + TX, warfarin + TX, XMC + TX, xylenols + TX, zeatin + TX, zetamethrin + zhongshengmycin + TX, zinc naphthenate + TX, zinc phosphide + TX, zinc thiazole + TX, zineb + TX, ziram + TX, zolaprofos + TX, zoxamide + TX, α-(1,1- dimethylethyl)-α-[4'-(trifluoromethoxy)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]-5- pyrimidinemethanol + TX; Acinetobacter lwoffii + TX, Acremonium alternatum + TX, Acremonium cephalosporium + TX, Acremonium diospyri + TX, Acremonium obclavatum + TX, Adoxophyes orana granulovirus (AdoxGV) (Capex®) + TX, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (Galltrol-A®) + TX, Alternaria alternate + TX, Alternaria cassia + TX, Alternaria destruens (Smolder®) + TX, Ampelomyces quisqualis (AQ10®) + TX, Aspergillus flavus AF36 (AF36®) + TX, Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882 (Aflaguard®) + TX, Aspergillus spp. + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans + TX, Azospirillum (MicroAZ®, TAZO B®) + TX, Azotobacter + TX, Azotobacter chroocuccum (Azotomeal®) + TX, Azotobacter cysts (Bionatural Blooming Blossoms®) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens + TX, Bacillus cereus + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain AQ746 + TX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain CM-1 + TX, Bacillus circulans + TX, Bacillus firmus (BioSafe®, BioNem-WP®) in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g. VOTIVO® from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis strain 3086 (EcoGuard®, Green Releaf®) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis strain HB-2 (Biostart™ formerly Rhizoboost®) + TX, Bacillus macerans + TX, Bacillus marismortui + TX, Bacillus megaterium + TX, Bacillus mycoides strain AQ726 + TX, Bacillus papillae (Milky Spore Powder®) + TX, Bacillus pumilus spp. + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain AQ717 + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 (Yield Shield®) + TX, Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808 (Sonata®, Ballad Plus®) + TX, Bacillus sphaericus (VectoLex®) + TX, Bacillus spp. + TX, Bacillus spp. strain AQ175 + TX, Bacillus spp. strain AQ177 + TX, Bacillus spp. strain AQ178 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ153 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ743 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (CEASE®, Serenade®, Rhapsody®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST 714 (JAZZ®) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3002 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST3004 + TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (Taegro®, Rhizopro®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai GC 91 (Agree®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry 2Ae + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BMP123®, Aquabac®, VectoBac®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Javelin®, Deliver®, CryMax®, Bonide®, Scutella WP®, Turilav WP ®, Astuto®, Dipel WP®, Biobit®, Foray®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki BMP 123 (Baritone®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD-1 (Bioprotec-CAF / 3P®) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain AQ52 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BD#32 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Novodor®, BtBooster) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (XenTari®, DiPel®) + TX, bacteria spp. (GROWMEND®, GROWSWEET®, Shootup®) + TX, bacteriophage of Clavipacter michiganensis (AgriPhage®, Bakflor®) + TX, Beauveria bassiana (Beaugenic®, Brocaril WP®) + TX, Beauveria bassiana GHA (Mycotrol ES®, Mycotrol O®, BotaniGuard®) + TX, Beauveria brongniartii (Engerlingspilz®, Schweizer Beauveria®, Melocont®) + TX, Beauveria spp. + TX, Botrytis cineria + TX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (TerraMax®) + TX, Brevibacillus brevis + TX, Burkholderia cepacia (Deny®, Intercept®, Blue Circle®) + TX, Burkholderia gladii + TX, Burkholderia gladioli + TX, Burkholderia spp. + TX, Canadian thistle fungus (CBH Canadian Bioherbicide®) + TX, Candida butyri + TX, Candida famata + TX, Candida fructus + TX, Candida glabrata + TX, Candida guilliermondii + TX, Candida melibiosica + TX, Candida oleophila strain O + TX, Candida parapsilosis + TX, Candida pelliculosa + TX, Candida pulcherrima + TX, Candida reukaufii + TX, Candida saitoana (Bio-Coat®, Biocure®) + TX, 83014_FF 74 Candida sake + TX, Candida spp. + TX, Candida tenius + TX, Cedecea davisae + TX, Cellulomonas flavigena + TX, Chaetomium cochliodes (Nova-Cide®) TX, Chaetomium globosum (Nova-Cide®) + TX, Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T (Grandevo®) + TX, Cladosporium chlorocephalum + TX, Cladosporium cladosporioides + TX, Cladosporium oxysporum + TX, Cladosporium spp. + TX, Cladosporium tenuissimum + TX, Clonostachys rosea (EndoFine®) + TX, Colletotrichum acutatum + TX, Coniothyrium minitans (Cotans WG®) + TX, Coniothyrium spp. + TX, Cryptococcus albidus (YIELDPLUS®) + TX, Cryptococcus humicola + TX, Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus + TX, Cryptococcus laurentii + TX, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (Cryptex®) + TX, Cupriavidus campinensis + TX, Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CYD- X®, Madex®, Madex® Plus, Madex Max, Carpovirusine® + TX, Cylindrobasidium laeve (Stumpout®) + TX, Cylindrocladium + TX, Debaryomyces hansenii + TX, Drechslera hawaiinensis + TX, Enterobacter cloacae + TX, Enterobacteriaceae + TX, Entomophtora virulenta (Vektor®) + TX, Epicoccum nigrum + TX, Epicoccum purpurascens + TX, Epicoccum spp. + TX, Filobasidium floriforme + TX, Fusarium acuminatum + TX, Fusarium chlamydosporum + TX, Fusarium oxysporum (Fusaclean®, Biofox C®) + TX, Fusarium proliferatum + TX, Fusarium spp. + TX, Galactomyces geotrichum + TX, Gliocladium catenulatum (Primastop®, Prestop®) + TX, Gliocladium roseum + TX, Gliocladium spp. (SoilGard®) + TX, Gliocladium virens (Soilgard®) + TX, Granulovirus (Granupom®) + TX, Halobacillus halophilus + TX, Halobacillus litoralis + TX, Halobacillus trueperi + TX, Halomonas spp. + TX, Halomonas subglaciescola + TX, Halovibrio variabilis + TX, Hanseniaspora uvarum + TX, Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (Helicovex®) + TX, Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gemstar®) + TX, Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain, PFR-97®, PreFeRal®) + TX, Isoflavone formononetin (Myconate®) + TX, Kloeckera apiculata + TX, Kloeckera spp. + TX, Lagenidium giganteum (Laginex®) + TX, Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii (Mycotal®) conidia of strain KV01 (e.g. Vertalec® by Koppert/Arysta) + TX, Lecanicillium longisporum (Vertiblast®) + TX, Lecanicillium muscarium (Vertikil®) + TX, Lymantria Dispar nucleopolyhedrosis virus (Disparvirus®) + TX, Marinococcus halophilus + TX, Meira geulakonigii + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (Destruxin WP®) + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae (Met52®) + TX, Metschnikowia fruticola (Shemer®) + TX, Metschnikowia pulcherrima + TX, Microdochium dimerum (Antibot®) + TX, Micromonospora coerulea + TX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea + TX, Muscodor albus 620 (Muscudor®) + TX, Muscodor roseus in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548) + TX, Mycorrhizae spp. (AMykor®, Root Maximizer®) + TX, Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (DiTera®, BROS PLUS®) + TX, Ophiostoma piliferum strain D97 (Sylvanex®) + TX, Paecilomyces farinosus + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (MeloCon WG®) + TX, Paecilomyces linacinus (Biostat WP®) + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa + TX, Pantoea agglomerans (BlightBan C9-1®) + TX, Pantoea spp. + TX, Pasteuria nishizawae in particular strain Pn1 (CLARIVA from Syngenta/ChemChina); + TX, Pasteuria spp. (Econem®) + TX, Penicillium aurantiogriseum + TX, Penicillium billai (Jumpstart®, TagTeam®) + TX, Penicillium brevicompactum + TX, Penicillium frequentans + TX, Penicillium griseofulvum + TX, Penicillium purpurogenum + TX, Penicillium spp. + TX, Penicillium viridicatum + TX, Phlebiopsis gigantean (Rotstop®) + TX, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Phosphomeal®) + TX, Phytophthora cryptogea + TX, Phytophthora palmivora (Devine®) + TX, Pichia anomala + TX, Pichia guilliermondii + TX, Pichia membranaefaciens + TX, Pichia onychis + TX, Pichia stipites + TX, Pseudomonas 83014_FF 75 aeruginosa + TX, Pseudomonas aureofasciens (Spot-Less Biofungicide®) + TX, Pseudomonas cepacia + TX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis (AtEze®) + TX, corrugate + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens (Zequanox®) + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (BlightBan A506®) + TX, Pseudomonas putida + TX, Pseudomonas reactans + TX, Pseudomonas spp. + TX, Pseudomonas syringae (Bio-Save®) + TX, Pseudomonas viridiflava + TX, Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22 UL (Sporodex L®) + TX, Puccinia canaliculata + TX, Puccinia thlaspeos (Wood Warrior®) + TX, Pythium paroecandrum + TX, Pythium oligandrum (Polygandron®, Polyversum®) + TX, Pythium periplocum + TX, Rhanella aquatilis + TX, Rhanella spp. + TX, Rhizobia (Dormal®, Vault®) + TX, Rhizoctonia + TX, Rhodococcus globerulus strain AQ719 + TX, Rhodosporidium diobovatum + TX, Rhodosporidium toruloides + TX, Rhodotorula glutinis + TX, Rhodotorula graminis + TX, Rhodotorula mucilagnosa + TX, Rhodotorula rubra + TX, Rhodotorula spp. + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae + TX, Salinococcus roseus + TX, Sclerotinia minor (SARRITOR®) + TX, Sclerotinia minor + TX, Scytalidium spp. + TX, Scytalidium uredinicola + TX, Serratia marcescens + TX, Serratia plymuthica + TX, Serratia spp. + TX, Sordaria fimicola + TX, Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Spod-X®, Spexit®) + TX, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (Littovir®) + TX, Sporobolomyces roseus + TX, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia + TX, Streptomyces albaduncus + TX, Streptomyces exfoliates + TX, Streptomyces galbus + TX, Streptomyces griseoplanus + TX, Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop®) + TX, Streptomyces hygroscopicus + TX, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate®) + TX, Streptomyces lydicus WYEC- 108 (ActinoGrow®) + TX, Streptomyces violaceus + TX, Tilletiopsis minor + TX, Tilletiopsis spp. + TX, Trichoderma asperellum (T34 Biocontrol®) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride (Plantmate®) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (Tenet®) + TX, Trichoderma hamatum TH 382 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum rifai (Mycostar®) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (Trianum-P®, PlantShield HC®, RootShield®, Trianum-G® + TX, Trichoderma harzianum T-39 (Trichodex®) + TX, Trichoderma inhamatum + TX, Trichoderma koningii + TX, Trichoderma lignorum + TX, Trichoderma longibrachiatum + TX, Trichoderma polysporum (Binab T®) + TX, Trichoderma spp. LC 52 (Sentinel®) + TX, Trichoderma taxi + TX, Trichoderma virens (formerly Gliocladium virens GL-21) (SoilGuard®) + TX, Trichoderma virens + TX, Trichoderma viride + TX, Trichoderma viride strain ICC 080 (Remedier®) + TX, Trichosporon pullulans + TX, Trichosporon spp. + TX, Trichothecium roseum + TX, Trichothecium spp. + TX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94670 + TX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94671 + TX, Ulocladium atrum + TX, Ulocladium oudemansii (Botry-Zen®) + TX, Ustilago maydis + TX, various bacteria and supplementary micronutrients (Natural II®) + TX, various fungi (Millennium Microbes®) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX, Vip3Aa20 (VIPtera®) + TX, Virgibaclillus marismortui + TX, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Poae (Camperico®) + TX, Xenorhabdus bovienii + TX, Xenorhabdus nematophilus + TX; AGNIQUE® MMF + TX, azadirachtin (Plasma Neem Oil®, AzaGuard®, MeemAzal®, Molt-X® e.g. AZATIN XL from Certis, US) + TX, Botanical IGR (Neemazad®, Neemix®) + TX, BugOil® + TX, canola oil (Lilly Miller Vegol®) + TX, Chenopodium ambrosioides near ambrosioides (Requiem®) + TX, Chrysanthemum extract (Crisant®) + TX, essentials oils of Labiatae (Botania®) + TX, extract of neem oil (Trilogy®) + TX, extracts of clove rosemary peppermint and thyme oil (Garden insect killer®) + TX, garlic + TX, Glycinebetaine (Greenstim®) + TX, kaolin (Screen®) + TX, lemongrass oil (GreenMatch®) + TX, Melaleuca alternifolia extract (also called tea tree oil) (Timorex Gold®) + TX, mixture of clove pepermint garlic oil and mint (Soil Shot®) + TX, mixture of clove 83014_FF 76 rosemary and peppermint extract (EF 400®) + TX, mixture of rosemary sesame pepermint thyme and cinnamon extracts (EF 300®) + TX, neem oil + Nepeta cataria (Catnip oil) + TX, Nepeta catarina + TX, nicotine + TX, oregano oil (MossBuster®) + TX, Pedaliaceae oil (Nematon®) + TX, pine oil (Retenol®) + TX, pyrethrum + TX, Quillaja saponaria (NemaQ®) + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis (Regalia®, Sakalia®) + TX, rotenone (Eco Roten®) + TX, Rutaceae plant extract (Soleo®) + TX, soybean oil (Ortho ecosense®) + TX, storage glucam of brown algae (Laminarin®) + TX, thyme oil + TX; (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-yl acetate + TX, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11 Tetradecatrienyl acetate + TX, (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-Hexadecatrienal + TX, 2-Methyl-1-butanol + TX, Biolure® + TX, blackheaded fireworm pheromone (3M Sprayable Blackheaded Fireworm Pheromone®) + TX, Calcium acetate + TX, Check-Mate® + TX, Codling Moth Pheromone (Paramount dispenser-(CM)/ Isomate C- Plus®) + TX, Entostat powder (extract from palm tree) (Exosex CM®) + TX, Grape Berry Moth Pheromone (3M MEC-GBM Sprayable Pheromone®) + TX, Lavandulyl senecioate + TX, Leafroller pheromone (3M MEC – LR Sprayable Pheromone®) + TX, Muscamone (Snip7 Fly Bait® + TX, Oriental Fruit Moth Pheromone (3M oriental fruit moth sprayable pheromone®) + TX, Peachtree Borer Pheromone (Isomate-P®) + TX, Scenturion® + TX, Starbar Premium Fly Bait®) + TX, Tomato Pinworm Pheromone (3M Sprayable pheromone®) + TX; Acerophagus papaya + TX, Adalia bipunctata (Adalia-System®) + TX, Adalia bipunctata (Adaline®) + TX, Adalia bipunctata (Aphidalia®) + TX, Ageniaspis citricola + TX, Ageniaspis fuscicollis + TX, Amblyseius andersoni (Anderline®, Andersoni-System®) + TX, Amblyseius californicus (Amblyline®, Spical®) + TX, Amblyseius cucumeris (Thripex®, Bugline cucumeris®) + TX, Amblyseius fallacis (Fallacis®) + TX, Amblyseius swirskii (Bugline swirskii®, Swirskii-Mite®) + TX, Amblyseius womersleyi (WomerMite®) + TX, Amitus hesperidum + TX, Anagrus atomus + TX, Anagyrus fusciventris + TX, Anagyrus kamali + TX, Anagyrus loecki + TX, Anagyrus pseudococci (Citripar®) + TX, Anicetus benefices + TX, Anisopteromalus calandrae + TX, Anthocoris nemoralis (Anthocoris-System®) + TX, Aphelinus abdominalis (Apheline®, Aphiline®), + TX, Aphelinus asychis + TX, Aphidius colemani (Aphipar®) + TX, Aphidius ervi (Aphelinus-System®) + TX, Aphidius ervi (Ervipar®) + TX, Aphidius gifuensis + TX, Aphidius matricariae (Aphipar-M®) + TX, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Aphidend®, Aphidoline®) + TX, Aphytis lingnanensis + TX, Aphytis melinus + TX, Aprostocetus hagenowii + TX, Atheta coriaria (Staphyline®) + TX, Bombus spp. + TX, Bombus terrestris (Beeline®, Tripol®) + TX, Bombus terrestris (Natupol Beehive®) + TX, Cephalonomia stephanoderis + TX, Chilocorus nigritus + TX, Chrysoperla carnea (Chrysoline®, Chrysopa®) + TX, Chrysoperla rufilabris + TX, Cirrospilus ingenuus + TX, Cirrospilus quadristriatus + TX, Citrostichus phyllocnistoides + TX, Closterocerus chamaeleon + TX, Closterocerus spp. + TX, Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Planopar®) + TX, Coccophagus cowperi + TX, Coccophagus lycimnia + TX, Cotesia flavipes + TX, Cotesia plutellae + TX, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Cryptobug®, Cryptoline®) + TX, Cybocephalus nipponicus + TX, Dacnusa sibirica (Minusa®, DacDigline®, Minex®) + TX, Delphastus catalinae (Delphastus®) + TX, Delphastus pusillus + TX, Diachasmimorpha krausii + TX, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata + TX, Diaparsis jucunda + TX, Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis + TX, Diglyphus isaea (Diminex®, Miglyphus®, Digline®) + TX, Diversinervus spp. + TX, Encarsia citrina + TX, Encarsia formosa (Encarsia max®, Encarline®, En-Strip®) + TX, Encarsia guadeloupae + TX, Encarsia haitiensis + TX, Episyrphus balteatus (Syrphidend®) + TX, Eretmoceris siphonini + TX, Eretmocerus californicus + TX, Eretmocerus eremicus (Enermix®, Ercal®, Eretline e®, Bemimix®) + TX, Eretmocerus hayati 83014_FF 77 + TX, Eretmocerus mundus (Bemipar®, Eretline m®) + TX, Eretmocerus siphonini + TX, Exochomus quadripustulatus + TX, Feltiella acarisuga + TX, Feltiella acarisuga (Spidend®) + TX, Fopius arisanus + TX, Fopius ceratitivorus + TX, Formononetin (Wirless Beehome®) + TX, Franklinothrips vespiformis (Vespop®) + TX, Galendromus occidentalis + TX, Goniozus legneri + TX, Habrobracon hebetor + TX, Harmonia axyridis (HarmoBeetle®) + TX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (NemaShield HB®, Nemaseek®, Terranem-Nam®, Terranem®, Larvanem®, B-Green®, NemAttack ®, Nematop®) + TX, Heterorhabditis megidis (Nemasys H®, BioNem H®, Exhibitline hm®, Larvanem-M®) + TX, Heterorhabditis spp. (Lawn Patrol®) + TX, Hippodamia convergens + TX, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Aculeifer-System®, Entomite-A®) + TX, Hypoaspis miles (Hypoline m®, Entomite-M®) + TX, Lbalia leucospoides + TX, Lecanoideus floccissimus + TX, Lemophagus errabundus + TX, Leptomastidea abnormis + TX, Leptomastix dactylopii (Leptopar®) + TX, Leptomastix epona + TX, Lindorus lophanthae + TX, Lipolexis oregmae + TX, Lucilia caesar (Natufly®) + TX, Lysiphlebus testaceipes + TX, Macrolophus caliginosus (Mirical-N®, Macroline c®, Mirical®) + TX, Mesoseiulus longipes + TX, Metaphycus flavus + TX, Metaphycus lounsburyi + TX, Micromus angulatus (Milacewing®) + TX, Microterys flavus + TX, Muscidifurax raptorellus and Spalangia cameroni (Biopar®) + TX, Neodryinus typhlocybae + TX, Neoseiulus californicus + TX, Neoseiulus cucumeris (THRYPEX®) + TX, Neoseiulus fallacis + TX, Nesideocoris tenuis (NesidioBug®, Nesibug®) + TX, Ophyra aenescens (Biofly®) + TX, Orius insidiosus (Thripor-I®, Oriline i®) + TX, Orius laevigatus (Thripor-L®, Oriline l®) + TX, Orius majusculus (Oriline m®) + TX, Orius strigicollis (Thripor-S®) + TX, Pauesia juniperorum + TX, Pediobius foveolatus + TX, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nemaslug®) + TX, Phymastichus coffea + TX, Phytoseiulus macropilus + TX, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Spidex®, Phytoline p®) + TX, Podisus maculiventris (Podisus®) + TX, Pseudacteon curvatus + TX, Pseudacteon obtusus + TX, Pseudacteon tricuspis + TX, Pseudaphycus maculipennis + TX, Pseudleptomastix mexicana + TX, Psyllaephagus pilosus + TX, Psyttalia concolor (complex) + TX, Quadrastichus spp. + TX, Rhyzobius lophanthae + TX, Rodolia cardinalis + TX, Rumina decollate + TX, Semielacher petiolatus + TX, Sitobion avenae (Ervibank®) + TX, Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematac C®, Millenium®, BioNem C®, NemAttack®, Nemastar®, Capsanem®) + TX, Steinernema feltiae (NemaShield®, Nemasys F®, BioNem F®, Steinernema-System®, NemAttack®, Nemaplus®, Exhibitline sf®, Scia-rid®, Entonem®) + TX, Steinernema kraussei (Nemasys L®, BioNem L®, Exhibitline srb®) + TX, Steinernema riobrave (BioVector®, BioVektor®) + TX, Steinernema scapterisci (Nematac S®) + TX, Steinernema spp. + TX, Steinernematid spp. (Guardian Nematodes®) + TX, Stethorus punctillum (Stethorus®) + TX, Tamarixia radiate + TX, Tetrastichus setifer + TX, Thripobius semiluteus + TX, Torymus sinensis + TX, Trichogramma brassicae (Tricholine b®) + TX, Trichogramma brassicae (Tricho-Strip®) + TX, Trichogramma evanescens + TX, Trichogramma minutum + TX, Trichogramma ostriniae + TX, Trichogramma platneri + TX, Trichogramma pretiosum + TX, Xanthopimpla stemmator + TX; abscisic acid + TX, Aminomite® + TX, BioGain® + TX, bioSea® + TX, Chondrostereum purpureum (Chontrol Paste®) + TX, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Collego®) + TX, Copper Octanoate (Cueva®) + TX, Delta traps (Trapline d®) + TX, Erwinia amylovora (Harpin) (ProAct®, Ni-HIBIT Gold CST®) + TX, fatty acids derived from a natural by-product of extra virgin olive oil (FLIPPER®) + TX, Ferri-phosphate (Ferramol®) + TX, Funnel traps (Trapline y®) + TX, Gallex® + TX, Grower's Secret® + TX, Homo-brassonolide + TX, Iron Phosphate (Lilly Miller Worry Free Ferramol Slug 83014_FF 78 & Snail Bait®) + TX, MCP hail trap (Trapline f®) + TX, Microctonus hyperodae + TX, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Des-X®) + TX, Nosema locustae (Semaspore Grasshopper Control®) + TX, Pheromone trap (Thripline ams®) + TX, potassium bicarbonate (MilStop®) + TX, potassium iodide + potassiumthiocyanate (Enzicur®) + TX, potassium salts of fatty acids (Sanova®) + TX, potassium silicate solution (Sil-Matrix®) + TX, Spider venom + TX, Sticky traps (Trapline YF®, Rebell Amarillo®) + TX, SuffOil-X® + TX, Traps (Takitrapline y + b®) + TX, vadescana (CAS Number: 2643947-26-4) + TX; Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC + TX, Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No.50185 (CARTISSA® from BASF, EPA Reg. No.71840-19) + TX, Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, Bacillus sp., in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S. Patent No.7,094,592 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No.70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No.6,060,051, available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US) + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.) + TX, Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, WO 2016/154297 + TX, Pantoea agglomerans, in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICAL™ FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products) + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX; Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 or mixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT® from bio-ferm, CH) + TX, Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR + TX; Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g. GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, CA) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g. AVOGREEN™ from University of Pretoria) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768, WO 2014/028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain D747 (available as Double Nickel™ from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., having accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation) + TX, Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086, having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™ from Novozymes) + TX, Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 (from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology) + TX, Bacillus mycoides, isolate, having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGard™ from Certis USA LLC) + TX, Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE) + TX, Bacillus 83014_FF 79 pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B-30087 and described in Patent No.6,245,551) + TX, Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC + TX, Bacillus subtilis IAB/BS03 (AVIV™ from STK Bio-Ag Technologies, PORTENTO® from Idai Nature) + TX, Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (FOLIACTIVE® from Donaghys) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495 + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos.4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277) + TX, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No.70127-5)) + TX, Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277) + TX, Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE + TX, Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, WO 2016/154297 + TX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No. NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 (e.g., HOWLER™ and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US) + TX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g. CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert) + TX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g. BLIGHTBAN® A506 by NuFarm) + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61) (Accession No. DSM 7206) (MYCOSTOP® from Verdera, PREFENCE® from BioWorks, cf. Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468-475) + TX, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes) + TX; Trichoderma atroviride strain T11 (IMI352941/ CECT20498) + TX, Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No. CNCM 1-807 (e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia) + TX, Ampelomyces quisqualis, in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g. AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia) + TX, Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina) + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM 14941 + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940 + TX, Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular mixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM 14941 (e.g. Botector® by bio-ferm, CH) + TX, Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g. BIOKUPRUM™ by AgriLife) + TX, Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale) + TX, Cladosporium cladosporioides, strain H39, having Accession No. CBS122244, US 2010/0291039 (by Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek) + TX, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM9660, e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologics GmbH) + TX, Cryptococcus flavescens, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378), + TX, Dactylaria candida, Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®), Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACLEAN® by Natural Plant Protection) + TX, Gliocladium catenulatum (Synonym: Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate) strain J1446 (e.g. Prestop ® by Lallemand) + TX, Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea) strain IK726 (Jensen DF, 83014_FF 80 et al. Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain Australasian Plant Pathol. 2007,36(2):95-101) + TX, Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea), in particular strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue A.G. (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 2003, 83(3): 519-524) + TX, Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752 + TX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Penicillium steckii (DSM 27859, WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE + TX, mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. or BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.) + TX, Penicillium vermiculatum + TX, Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment) + TX, Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre, ROMEO® from BASF SE) + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CNCM No.1-3936, CNCM No.1-3937, CNCM No.1-3938, CNCM No.1- 3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR + TX, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Dérivés) + TX, Simplicillium lanosoniveum + TX, strain T34 (e.g. T34 Biocontrol by Biocontrol Technologies S.L., ES) or strain ICC 012 from Isagro + TX, strain WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842), U.S. Patent No.7,579,183 + TX, Talaromyces flavus, strain V117b + TX, Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum, in particular strain SKT-1, having Accession No. FERM P-16510 (e.g. ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (e.g. Tenet by Agrimm Technologies Limited) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132 (e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no. V08/002388 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no. V08/002389 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain NMI no. V08/002390 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. V08/002387 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-1 (FERM P-16510), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-2 (FERM P-16511), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-3 (FERM P-17021), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A + TX, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SC1 (Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No.8,431,120 (from Bi-PA)) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride,strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR) + TX, Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) + TX, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available as BIODERMA® by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.), + TX, Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI, e.g. BioDerma by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.), + TX, Trichoderma harmatum + TX, Trichoderma harmatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum + TX, Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain Cepa SimbT5 (from Simbiose Agro), + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain DB 103 (available 83014_FF 81 as T-GRO® 7456 by Dagutat Biolab) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908 (e.g. Trianum-P from Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T- (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol) + TX, Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039 (e.g. Binab TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden) + TX, Trichoderma stromaticum having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g. Tricovab by CEPLAC, Brazil) + TX, Trichoderma virens (also known as Gliocladium virens) in particular strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US) + TX, Trichoderma virens strain G- 41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US) + TX, Trichoderma viride in particular strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain TV1(e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert) + TX, Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No. NM 99/06216 (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.) + TX, Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations) + TX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + TX; a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos) + TX, a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation) + TX, Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB-SK-5 + TX, Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.) + TX, Azospirillum lipoferum (e.g., VERTEX-IF™ from TerraMax, Inc.) + TX, Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23 + TX, Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837 + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain FZB42 (e.g. RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain IN937a + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 (ATCC # PTA-7542, WO 2017/205258) + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes) + TX, Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917) + TX, Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928) + TX, Bacillus cereus in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675, e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US) + TX, Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921) + TX, Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922) + TX, Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918) + TX, Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916) + TX, Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (e.g. YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE), + TX, Bacillus pumilus in particular strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087) + TX, Bacillus siamensis in particular strain KCTC 13613T + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30002 (Accession No. NRRL No. B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.13/330,576) + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30004 (NRRL No. B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.13/330,576) + TX, Bacillus subtilis in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection) + TX, Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE) + TX, Bacillus tequilensis in particular strain NII-0943 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7 + TX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g. OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes) + TX, Delftia acidovorans in particular strain RAY209 (e.g. BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds) + TX, Lactobacillus sp. (e.g. LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI) + TX, Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from 83014_FF 82 BASF SE) + TX, Paenibacillus polymyxa in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.) + TX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa particular strain PN1 + TX, Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena) + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE) + TX, Rhizobium leguminosarum in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585) + TX, Serratia marcescens in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708), + TX, Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience) + TX, Thiobacillus sp. (e.g. CROPAID® from Cropaid Ltd UK) + TX; Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTera™ from Valent Biosciences) + TX, Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. JumpStart® from Acceleron BioAg) + TX, Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851 + TX, Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550, e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologics GmbH) + TX, Pythium oligandrum strain DV74 + TX, Pythium oligandrum strain M1 (ATCC 38472 e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ) + TX, Rhizopogon amylopogon (Myco-Sol from Agri-Enterprise, LLC, formerly Helena Chemical Company) + TX, Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g. Myco-Sol from Agri-Enterprise, LLC, formerly Helena Chemical Company) + TX, Talaromyces flavus strain V117b + TX, Trichoderma asperellum strain (Eco-T from Plant Health Products, ZA) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride in particular strain no. V08/002387 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132, e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited) + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. NMI No. V08/002388 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. NMI No. V08/002389 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain no. NMI No. V08/002390 + TX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 (described in WO2009/116106) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908 + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) + TX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TSTh20, + TX, Trichoderma virens strain GI-3 + TX, Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard® from Certis, USA) + TX, Trichoderma viride strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137) + TX, Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92, e.g. Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations) + TX; Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (Galltrol from AgBiochem Inc.), + TX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain PTS-4838 (e.g. AVEO from Valent Biosciences, US), + TX, Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC), + TX, Bacillus sphaericus in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US), + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g. AQUABAC® by Becker Microbial Products IL) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular serotype H-7 (e.g. FLORBAC® WG from Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372, e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 (from Becker Microbial Products, IL, BARITONE from Bayer CropScience) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348 (LEPINOX from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 7841 (CRYMAX from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. 83014_FF 83 kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g. DIPEL® ES from Valent BioSciences, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54 + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain SA 11 (JAVELIN from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12 (THURICIDE from Certis, US) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428, e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g. TIANBAOBTC by Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory) + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui + TX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global) + TX, Brevibacillus laterosporus + TX, Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B-50319, WO 2011/106491 and WO 2013/032693, e.g. MBI206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations), + TX, Chromobacterium subtsugae in particular strain PRAA4-1T (e.g. MBI-203, e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations) + TX, Lecanicillium muscarium Ve6 (MYCOTAL from Koppert) + TX, Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae, e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDER™ or MILKY SPORE GRANULAR™ from St. Gabriel Laboratories) + TX, Serratia entomophila (e.g. INVADE® by Wrightson Seeds) + TX, Serratia marcescens in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708) + TX, Trichoderma asperellum (TRICHODERMAX from Novozymes) + TX, Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., ZAP MALES® from MosquitoMate) + TX; Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia) + TX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 (Accession No. DSM 24665), Apopka 97 (PREFERAL from SePRO) + TX, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250, e.g. BOTANIGUARD® ES and MYCONTROL-O® from Laverlam International Corporation) + TX, Metarhizium anisopliae 3213-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67074 disclosed in WO 2017/066094, Pioneer Hi-Bred International) + TX, Metarhizium robertsii 15013-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67073) + TX, Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67075) + TX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (MELOCON from Certis, US) + TX; Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV) + TX, Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) + TX, of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV) + TX, Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV + TX, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV + TX; Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia) + TX, Gigaspora spp. + TX, Glomus spp. + TX, Laccaria spp. + TX, LactoBacillus buchneri + TX, Paraglomus spp. + TX, Pisolithus tinctorus + TX, Pseudomonas spp. + TX, Rhizobium spp. in particular Rhizobium trifolii + TX, Rhizopogon spp. + TX, Scleroderma spp. + TX, Streptomyces spp. + TX, Suillus spp. + TX, Agrobacterium spp. + TX, Azorhizobium caulinodans + TX, Azospirillum spp. + TX, Azotobacter spp. + TX, Bradyrhizobium spp. + TX, Gigaspora monosporum + TX; Allium sativum (NEMGUARD from Eco-Spray, BRALIC from ADAMA) + TX, Armour-Zen + TX, Artemisia absinthium + TX, Biokeeper WP + TX, Brassicaceae extract in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder + TX, Cassia nigricans + TX, Celastrus angulatus + TX, Chenopodium anthelminticum + TX, Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract from quinoa seeds (e.g. Heads Up® (Saponins of Quinoa) from Heads Up plant Protectants, CA) + TX, Chitin + TX, Dryopteris filix-mas + TX, Equisetum arvense + TX, Fortune Aza + TX, Fungastop + TX, Melaleuca alternifolia extract (TIMOREX GOLD from STK) + TX, naturally occurring Blad polypeptide extracted from Lupin seeds (FRACTURE® from FMC) + TX, naturally occurring Blad polypeptide extracted from Lupin seeds (PROBLAD® 83014_FF 84 from Certis EU) + TX, Pyrethrins + TX, Quassia amara + TX, Quercus + TX, Quillaja extract (QL AGRI 35 from BASF) + TX, REGALIA MAXX from Marrone Bio) Requiem™ Insecticide + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (REGALLIA + TX, ryania/ryanodine + TX, Symphytum officinale + TX, Tanacetum vulgare + TX, Thymol + TX, Thymol mixed with Geraniol (CEDROZ from Eden Research) + TX, Thymol mixed with Geraniol and Eugenol (MEVALONE from Eden Research) + TX, Triact 70 + TX, TriCon + TX, Tropaeulum majus + TX, Urtica dioica + TX, Veratrin + TX, Viscum album + TX; mercuric oxide + TX, octhilinone + TX, thiophanate- methyl + TX; MGK 264 + TX, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl piperonylate + TX, 2-isovalerylindan-1,3-dione + TX, 4- (quinoxalin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonamide + TX, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone + TX, acibenzolar + TX, acibenzolar-S-methyl + TX, alpha-bromadiolone + TX, alpha-chlorohydrin + TX, aluminium phosphide + TX, anthraquinone + TX, antu + TX, arsenous oxide + TX, barium carbonate + TX, benoxacor + TX, bisthiosemi + TX, brodifacoum + TX, bromadiolone + TX, bromethalin + TX, calcium cyanide + TX, chloralose + TX, chlorophacinone + TX, cholecalciferol + TX, cloquintocet (including cloquintocet-mexyl) + TX, copper naphthenate + TX, copper oxychloride + TX, coumachlor + TX, coumafuryl + TX, coumatetralyl + TX, crimidine + TX, cyprosulfamide + TX, diazinon + TX, dichlormid + TX, dicyclopentadiene + TX, difenacoum + TX, difethialone + TX, diphacinone + TX, ergocalciferol + TX, farnesol + TX, farnesol with nerolidol + TX, fenchlorazole (including fenchlorazole-ethyl) + TX, fenclorim + TX, flocoumafen + TX, fluoroacetamide + TX, flupropadine + TX, flupropadine hydrochloride + TX, fluxofenim + TX, furilazole + TX, gamma-HCH + TX, guazatine + TX, guazatine acetates + TX, HCH + TX, hydrogen cyanide + TX, imanin + TX, iodomethane + TX, isoxadifen (including isoxadifen-ethyl) + TX, lindane + TX, magnesium phosphide + TX, MB-599 + TX, mefenpyr (including mefenpyr-diethyl) + TX, metcamifen + TX, methiocarb + TX, methyl bromide + TX, nerolidol + TX, norbormide + TX, petroleum oils + TX, phosacetim + TX, phosphine + TX, phosphorus + TX, pindone + TX, piperonyl butoxide + TX, piprotal + TX, potassium arsenite + TX, probenazole + TX, propyl isomer + TX, pyridin-4-amine + TX, pyrinuron + TX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract + TX, ribavirin + TX, S421 + TX, scilliroside + TX, sesamex + TX, sesasmolin + TX, sodium arsenite + TX, sodium cyanide + TX, sodium fluoroacetate + TX, strychnine + TX, sulfoxide + TX, thallium sulfate + TX, thiram + TX, trimethacarb + TX, warfarin + TX, zinc naphthenate + TX, zinc phosphide + TX, ziram + TX. The references in brackets behind the active ingredients, e.g., [3878-19-1] refer to the Chemical Abstracts Registry number. The above described mixing partners are known. Where the active ingredients are included in "The Pesticide Manual" [The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium; Thirteenth Edition; Editor: C. D. S. TomLin; The British Crop Protection Council], they are described therein under the entry number given in round brackets hereinabove for the particular compound; for example, the compound "abamectin" is described under entry number (1). Where "[CCN]" is added hereinabove to the particular compound, the compound in question is included in the "Compendium of Pesticide Common Names", which is accessible on the internet [A. Wood; Compendium of Pesticide Common Names, Copyright © 1995-2004]; for example, the compound "acetoprole" is described under the internet address http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/acetoprole.html. Most of the active ingredients described above are referred to hereinabove by a so-called "common name", the relevant "ISO common name" or another "common name" being used in individual cases. If the designation is not a "common name", the nature of the designation used instead is given in round brackets for the particular 83014_FF 85 compound; in that case, the IUPAC name, the IUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name, a "chemical name", a "traditional name", a "compound name" or a code" is used or, if neither one of those designations nor a "common name" is used, an "alternative name" is employed. “CAS Reg. No” means the Chemical Abstracts Registry Number. The tradenames in brackets behind the active ingredient refer to the commercially available product or products comprising this active ingredient. The active ingredient mixture of the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), with active ingredients described above comprises a compound selected from one compound of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), and an active ingredient as described above preferably in a mixing ratio of from 100:1 to 1:6000, especially from 50:1 to 1:50, more especially in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20, even more especially from 10:1 to 1:10, very especially from 5:1 and 1:5, special preference being given to a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, and a ratio of from 4:1 to 2:1 being likewise preferred, above all in a ratio of 1:1, or 5:1, or 5:2, or 5:3, or 5:4, or 4:1, or 4:2, or 4:3, or 3:1, or 3:2, or 2:1, or 1:5, or 2:5, or 3:5, or 4:5, or 1:4, or 2:4, or 3:4, or 1:3, or 2:3, or 1:2, or 1:600, or 1:300, or 1:150, or 1:35, or 2:35, or 4:35, or 1:75, or 2:75, or 4:75, or 1:6000, or 1:3000, or 1:1500, or 1:350, or 2:350, or 4:350, or 1:750, or 2:750, or 4:750. Those mixing ratios are by weight. The mixtures as described above can be used in a method for controlling pests, which comprises applying a composition comprising a mixture as described above to the pests or their environment, with the exception of a method for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body. The mixtures comprising a compound of formula (I) selected from the compounds of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I- B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below), and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, e.g., one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. The order of applying the compounds of formula (I) and the active ingredients as described above is not essential for working the present invention. The compositions according to the invention can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, e.g., unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (e.g., epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, e.g., silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, e.g., bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides. 83014_FF 86 The compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries). These processes for the preparation of the compositions and the use of the compounds I for the preparation of these compositions are also a subject of the invention. The application methods for the compositions, that is the methods of controlling pests of the abovementioned type, such as spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or pouring - which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the prevailing circumstances - and the use of the compositions for controlling pests of the abovementioned type are other subjects of the invention. Typical rates of concentration are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm, of active ingredient. The rate of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 600 g/ha. A preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in question. Alternatively, the active ingredient can reach the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the locus of the plants with a liquid composition or by incorporating the active ingredient in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules can be metered into the flooded paddy-field. The compounds of formula (I) of the invention and compositions thereof are to be also suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants, against pests of the abovementioned type. The propagation material can be treated with the compound prior to planting, for example seed can be treated prior to sowing. Alternatively, the compound can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling. These treatment methods for plant propagation material and the plant propagation material thus treated are further subjects of the invention. Typical treatment rates would depend on the plant and pest/fungi to be controlled and are generally between 1 to 200 grams per 100 kg of seeds, preferably between 5 to 150 grams per 100 kg of seeds, such as between 10 to 100 grams per 100 kg of seeds. The term “seed” embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corns, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, rhizomes, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds. The present invention also comprises seeds coated or treated with or containing a compound of formula (I). The term "coated or treated with and/or containing" generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the seed at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the seed material, depending on the method of application. When the said seed product is 83014_FF 87 (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient. In an embodiment, the present invention makes available a plant propagation material adhered thereto with a of formula (I). Further, it is hereby made available, a composition comprising a plant propagation material treated with a compound of formula (I). Seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting. The seed treatment application of the compound formula (I) can be carried out by any known methods, such as spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing or during the sowing/planting of the seeds. The compounds of the invention can be distinguished from other similar compounds by virtue of greater efficacy at low application rates and/or different pest control, which can be verified by the person skilled in the art using the experimental procedures, using lower concentrations if necessary, e.g., 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2 ppm, 1 ppm or 0.2 ppm; or lower application rates, such as 300, 200 or 100, mg of AI (active ingredient) per m2. The greater efficacy can be observed by an increased safety profile (against non-target organisms above and below ground (such as fish, birds and bees), improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability). In each aspect and embodiment of the invention, "consisting essentially" and inflections thereof are a preferred embodiment of "comprising" and its inflections, and "consisting of" and inflections thereof are a preferred embodiment of "consisting essentially of” and its inflections. The disclosure in the present application makes available each and every combination of embodiments disclosed herein. It should be noted that the disclosure herein in respect of a compound of formula (I) applies equally in respect of a compound of each of formulae (I), (I-A), or (I-B), or one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds as represented in Tables A1 to A4, or a compound listed in Table P (below). The compounds according to the invention can be used as pesticidal agents in unmodified form, but they are generally formulated into compositions in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active substances. The formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g., in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g., from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use. The dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents. The formulations can be prepared e.g., by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. The active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils 83014_FF 88 of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof. The active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules. Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g., slow-release). Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95 % by weight of the capsule weight. The active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution. The encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art. Alternatively, very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated. The formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known per se. As liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N- dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like. Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances. 83014_FF 89 A large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquid formulations, especially in those formulations which can be with a carrier prior to use. Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of mono- and di-alkylphosphate esters; and also further substances described e.g., in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood New Jersey (1981). Further adjuvants that can be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralising or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micronutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and liquid and solid fertilisers. The compositions according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amount of oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the mixture to be applied. For example, the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, e.g., rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, e.g., the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, e.g., the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively). Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010. The inventive compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99 % by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95 % by weight, of compounds of the present invention and from 1 to 99.9 % by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25 % by weight of a surface-active substance. Whereas commercial products may preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations. The rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. As a general guideline, compounds may be applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 l/ha, especially from 10 to 1000 l/ha. 83014_FF 90 Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %): Emulsifiable concentrates: active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 % surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 % liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 % Dusts: active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 % solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 % Suspension concentrates: active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 % water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 % surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 % Wettable powders: active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 % surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 % solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 % Granules: active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1 to 15 % solid carrier: 99.5 to 70 %, preferably 97 to 85 % EXAMPLES The following Examples further illustrate, but do not limit, the invention. FORMULATION EXAMPLES Wettable powders a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 % - sodium lauryl sulfate 3 % - 5 % sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate - 6 % 10 % phenol polyethylene glycol ether (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide) - 2 % - highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 % Kaolin 62 % 27 % - The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration. Powders for dry seed treatment a) b) c) active ingredients 25 % 50 % 75 % 83014_FF 91 light mineral oil 5 % 5 % 5 % highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 5 % - Kaolin 65 % 40 % - Talcum - - 20 % The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment. Emulsifiable concentrates active ingredients 10 % octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (4-5 mol of ethylene oxide) 3 % calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 3 % castor oil polyglycol ether (35 mol of ethylene oxide) 4 % Cyclohexanone 30 % xylene mixture 50 % Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water. Dusts a) b) c) Active ingredients 5 % 6 % 4 % Talcum 95 % - - Kaolin - 94 % - mineral filler - - 96 % Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed. Extruder granules Active ingredients 15 % sodium lignosulfonate 2 % carboxymethylcellulose 1 % Kaolin 82 % The combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air. Coated granules Active ingredients 8% polyethylene glycol (mol. wt.200) 3 % Kaolin 89 % The finely ground combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner. 83014_FF 92 Suspension concentrates active ingredients 40 % propylene glycol 10 % nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (15 mol of ethylene oxide) 6 % Sodium lignosulfonate 10 % carboxymethylcellulose 1 % silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 1 % Water 32 % The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion. Flowable concentrates for seed treatment active ingredients 40 % propylene glycol 5 % copolymer butanol PO/EO 2 % Tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 2 % 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a 20% solution in water) 0.5 % monoazo-pigment calcium salt 5 % Silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 0.2 % Water 45.3 % The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion. Slow-Release Capsule Suspension 28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1.2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51.6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed. The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns. The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose. Formulation types include an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, 83014_FF 93 water in oil (EO), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP), a soluble granule (SG) or any technically feasible ABBREVIATIONS CDCl3 Deuterated chloroform DCM dichloromethane DMAP 4-dimethylamino-pyrdine DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO-d6 Deuterated Dimethyl sulfoxide EtOAc ethyl acetate HCl hydrochloric acid h/hrs hour/hours LC-MS Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS or LCMS or LC/MS) Rt retention time rt room temperature THF tetrahydrofuran PREPARATORY EXAMPLES “Mp” means melting point in °C. Free radicals represent methyl groups. Throughout this description, temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (°C) and “mp.” means melting point. LC/MS means Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and the description of the apparatus, and the methods are as follows. 1H NMR and 19F NMR measurements were recorded on a Bruker 400MHz spectrometer, chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a tetramethylsilane (TMS) (1H) or CFCl3 (19F) standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated. Either one of the LC-MS methods was used to characterize the compounds. The characteristic LC-MS values obtained for each compound were the retention time (“Rt”, recorded in minutes) and the measured molecular ion (M+H)+. LC-MS Method A: Spectra were recorded on a ACQUITY Mass Spectrometer from Waters Corporations (SQD or SQDII Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, Capillary: 3.0 kV, Cone: 30V, Extractor: 3.00 V, Source Temperature: 150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 400°C, Cone Gas Flow: 60 L/hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 700 L/hr, Mass range: 140 to 800 Da) and an ACQUITY UPLC from Waters Corporations with solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 µm, 30 x 2.1 mm, Temp: 60 °C, 83014_FF 94 DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 400, Solvent Gradient: A = Water/Methanol 9:1 + 0.1% formic acid, B= Acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid, gradient: 0-100% 2.5 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.75. LC-MS Method B: Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive and negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 350°C, Cone Gas Flow: 50 l/h, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 l/h, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment, diode-array detector and ELSD detector. Column: Waters UPLC HSS T3, 1.8 µm, 30 x 2.1 mm, Temp: 60 °C, DAD Wavelength range (nm): 210 to 500, Solvent Gradient: A = water + 5% MeOH + 0.05 % HCOOH, B= Acetonitrile + 0.05 % HCOOH, gradient: 10-100% B in 1.2 min; Flow (ml/min) 0.85. Example P1: Preparation of N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]indan-1-yl]propenamide (Compound P-1, Table P) (Compound P-1, Table P)
Figure imgf000095_0001
(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)aziridine
Figure imgf000095_0002
g, 100 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) was added to a solution of L-alaninol (3.91 g, 50.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in DCM (200 mL) and the resulting solution was cooled to -75°C. Next trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (31.3 g, 110 mmol, 2.2 equiv.) was added dropwise and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hr at -75°C and for additional 20 hrs at -50°C. The reaction mixture was poured onto a 0.1M HCl aqueous solution at 0°C, the layers were separated, and the organic phase was washed first with a 0.1 HCl aqueous solution at 0°C and then with a NaHCO3 saturated aqueous solution at 0°C. The resulting organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2S)-2-methyl-1- (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)aziridine as a pale-yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 3.06 - 3.17 (m, 1 H) 2.91 (d, J=6.90 Hz, 1 H) 2.40 (d, J=5.09 Hz, 1 H) 1.43 (d, J=5.45 Hz, 3 H); 19F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm -76.95 (s, 1 F) Step B: Preparation of N-[(1S)-6-hydroxyindan-1-yl]propanamide
Figure imgf000095_0003
83014_FF 95 Propionyl chloride (0.92 g, 9.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of (3S)-3-aminoindan-5-ol hydrochloride (2.0 g, 9.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in pyridine (97 mL) at 0°C. This reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 2h and then diluted with EtOAc. The resulting organic phase was washed with water and with a saturated solution of sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: mixtures cyclohexane/EtOAc) to provide N-[(1S)-6-hydroxyindan-1-yl]propanamide as a beige solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 9.23 (s, 1H); 8.06 (d, 1H); 7.02 (m, 1H); 6.58 (m, 2H), 5.18 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.60 (m, 2H); 2.40-2.32 (m, 1H); 2.20-2.10 (q, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.05 (t, 3H). Step C: Preparation of N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]indan-1-yl]propenamide (compound P-1, table P) A solution of (2S)-2-methyl-1-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)aziridine (0.166 g, 0.877 mmol) in THF (0.6 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of N-[(1S)-6-hydroxyindan-1-yl]propenamide (0.120 g, 0.585 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.286 g, 0.877 mmol) in THF (2.3 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at 10°C for 3h and then diluted with EtOAc. The resulting organic phase was washed with water and brine, then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography on reverse phase (Combiflash EZ Prep System from Teledyne ISCO equipped with a C18 column; eluent: mixtures water/acetonitrile) provided N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]indan-1-yl]propenamide (compound P-1, table P). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 7.15 (m, 1H); 6.90-6.70 (m, 2H), 5.80 (m, 1H), 6.65 (m, 1H), 5.45 (q, 1H), 4.10-3.90 (m, 3H), 3.00-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.20 (q, 2H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.48 (d, 3H), 1.22 (t, 3H). Examples of synthesized compounds of formula (I) are shown in Table P. Table P: Synthesized compounds and Spectral and Physical Chemical Data. ) ) ] d yr i t n n IUPAC name Structure m H e r do + us h t E ( T a e R M [ e m M ( N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2- P-1 (trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]in 0.97 395 B dan-1-yl]propanamide N-[(1R)-5-fluoro-6-[(2S)-2- P-2 (trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]in 1.00 413 B dan-1-yl]propanamide 83014_FF 96 N-[(1S)-5-fluoro-6-[(2S)-2- P-3 (trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]in 1.00 413 B dan-1-yl]propanamide N-[(1R)-6-[(2S)-2- P-4 (trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]in 0.95 395 B dan-1-yl]propanamide N-[(1R)-6-[(1R)-1-methyl-2- P-5 (trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)ethoxy]ind 0.95 395 B an-1-yl]propanamide N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2- P-6 (difluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]in 0.88 377 B dan-1-yl]propanamide N-[(1S)-6-[(2S)-2- P-7 (dichloromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]in 0.91 409 B dan-1-yl]propanamide N-[(1S)-7-[(2S)-2- P-8 (trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)propoxy]te 1.01 409 B tralin-1-yl]propanamide BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES Example B1: Diabrotica balteata (Corn root worm) Maize sprouts placed onto an agar layer in 24-well microtiter plates were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by spraying. After drying, the plates were infested with L2 larvae (6 to 10 per well). The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 4 days after infestation. The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P-1 Example B2: Euschistus heros (Neotropical Brown Stink Bug) Soybean leaves on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaves were infested with N2 nymphs. The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 5 days after infestation. The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P-1, P-3 83014_FF 97 Example B3: Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower thrips) Feeding/Contact activity Bean leaf discs were placed on agar in 24-well plates and sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with a Frankliniella population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality 4 days after infestation. The following compounds resulted in at least 80% growth inhibition at an application rate of 200 ppm: P1, P-3 Example B4: Myzus persicae (Green peach aphid) Intrinsic activity Test compounds prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions were applied by pipette into 24-well microtiter plates and mixed with sucrose solution. The plates were closed with a stretched Parafilm. A plastic stencil with 24 holes was placed onto the plate and infested pea seedlings were placed directly on the Parafilm. The infested plate was closed with a gel blotting paper and another plastic stencil and then turned upside down. The samples were assessed for mortality 5 days after infestation. The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at a test rate of 12 ppm: P-1, P-3, P-6 Example B5: Myzus persicae (Green peach aphid) Feeding/Contact activity Eggplant leaf discs were placed onto agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying, the leaf discs were infested with an aphid population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality 6 days after infestation. The following compounds resulted in at least 80% growth inhibition at an application rate of 200 ppm: P-1, P-3 Example B6: Plutella xylostella (Diamond back moth) 24-well microtiter plates with artificial diet were treated with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions by pipetting. After drying, Plutella eggs were pipetted through a plastic stencil onto a gel blotting paper and the plate was closed with it. The samples were assessed for mortality and growth inhibition in comparison to untreated samples 8 days after infestation. The following compounds gave an effect of at least 80% in at least one of the two categories (mortality or growth inhibition) at an application rate of 200 ppm: P-1, P-3 Example B7: Tetranychus urticae (Two-spotted spider mite) Feeding/contact activity Bean leaf discs on agar in 24-well microtiter plates were sprayed with aqueous test solutions prepared from 10'000 ppm DMSO stock solutions. After drying the leaf discs were infested with a mite population of mixed ages. The samples were assessed for mortality on mixed population (mobile stages) 8 days after infestation. The following compounds resulted in at least 80% mortality at an application rate of 200 ppm: P-1, P-3

Claims

83014_FF 98 CLAIMS 1. A compound of the formula (I) (I)
Figure imgf000099_0001
R1 is selected from C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl- C1-C6-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C4-C8-bicycloalkyl, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C6-alkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C3-alkyl, wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6- membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms or groups individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, S=O and SO2, with the proviso that no more than one is O, S, S=O or SO2; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl-C1-C3-alkyl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S and O, with the proviso that no more than one is S or O; wherein any of said 3-, 4-, 5- or 6- membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, and wherein any of said phenyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy; R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl; R3 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; or R5 and R6 form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a C3-C5-cycloalkyl ring; R7 is selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein any of said cycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, or C1-C3-haloalkyl; wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms individually selected from N, S and O, with the proviso that no more than one is S or O; and wherein any of said phenyl, and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, or C1-C4-alkoxy; R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, cyano-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl; and R9 is selected from hydrogen, or C1-C3-alkyl; or a salt or an N-oxide thereof. 83014_FF 99 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is hydrogen, fluoro, or chloro. 3. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, or methyl; or R5 and R6 together with the carbon to which they are attached represent a cyclopropyl group. 4. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein R3 is hydrogen, or methyl, and R9 is hydrogen, or methyl. 5. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein R7 is selected from C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2- haloalkyl, or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl contains 1 heteroatom selected from N, S or O; and wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1- C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy. 6. The compound according to claim 5, wherein R7 is dichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl. 7. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein R8 is hydrogen, methyl, acetyl, or methoxymethyl. 8. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein R2 is hydrogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2- alkylcarbonyl, or C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl. 9. The compound according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, C3-C6- cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C3-alkyl, cyano-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl, or 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl contains 1 heteroatom or group selected from N, O, S, S=O, or SO2, wherein any of said 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1- C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl, and wherein said phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C1-C3-alkoxy. 10. The compound according to claim 9, wherein R1 is C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-haloalkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl. 83014_FF 100 11. A composition comprising a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The composition according to claim 11, further comprising at least one additional active ingredient and/or an agrochemically-acceptable diluent or carrier. 13. A method of combating and controlling insects, acarines or molluscs which comprises applying to a pest, to a locus of a pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest an insecticidally, acaricidally, or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a composition as defined in claim 11 or 12. 14. A method for the protection of plant propagation material from the attack by insects, acarines, or molluscs, which comprises treating the propagation material or the site, where the propagation material is planted, with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10 or a composition as defined in claim 11 or 12. 15. A plant propagation material, such as a seed, comprising, or treated with or adhered thereto, a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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