WO2025024915A1 - Structural arrangement in a soya bean seed conveying disc - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement for a pneumatic seed dispenser (1), comprising an internal carcass (2), a casing (3), an internal motor (4) with a fan (5), and an external motor (6) that rotates a soya bean conveying disc (7), upstream of which a chamber (8) is formed, with a lower inlet (9) for air flow and a circular filter (10); the soya bean conveying disc (7) has recesses (11) each defined by a cavity that forms a frustoconical cradle (19), formed by a larger diameter (20) and a smaller diameter (21), wherein the first (20) is coplanar with the face (14) of the soya bean conveying disc (7), while the smaller diameter (21) is positioned in the middle of the thickness of said soya bean conveying disc (7).

Description

CONSTRUCTION DISPOSITION IN SOYBEAN SEED CONDUCTOR DISC

TECHNICAL SECTOR

[01] More particularly, this Utility Model refers to technical and functional improvements specially introduced in a particular type of perforated conductive disc to be used in soybean seed metering devices, which operate with positive air pressure and which are integrated in different planters.

[02] It is well known that the main element in a seed meter is precisely the perforated disc or seed-conducting disc, since it is the part responsible for singulating the seeds. The disc in question has at least one collar of holes with geometrically designed details to form ideal housings for capturing soybean seeds using positive air pressure, which drags the seeds against their housings. Once captured, the seeds are moved to a certain position, where they are released with a blast of auxiliary air into a conducting tube and from there to the planting furrow.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

[03] As is known, a pneumatic seed meter is normally formed by a housing that, on the outside, receives parts to form a casing, while on the inside it fixes and centralizes two concentric motors, an internal one with a propeller to establish an air flow from the outside to the inside and an external one to receive and rotate a soybean seed conducting disc. Said disc has its external diameter adjusted to the corresponding diameter of the casing and, with this, on one side of said perforated disc, a type of chamber is formed with a lower air flow inlet that also establishes the entry by dragging of the soybean seeds. Therefore, a flow of seeds and air is established inside said chamber. This air flow causes the soybean seeds to be forced against the surface of said disc, where they also undergo centrifugal displacement, where at least one collar of holes configures housings for accommodating the soybean seeds and, with the rotation of said disc, each housing with the respective The seed passes through a small lower discharge chamber, where there is practically no positive pressure and, as a result, the said seed is thrown downwards and into a conducting tube which, in turn, has its lower end aligned with the sowing furrow, where the said seeds are dispensed equidistantly and, immediately afterwards, are covered in the soil automatically by the planter.

[04] Since the beginning of agricultural mechanization, particularly in planting, one of the greatest concerns in the development of equipment has always been the provision of means to accurately control the "populations" of seeds to be sown. With the evolution of scientific research, it became evident that large grain seeds: soybeans, corn, cotton, etc. should be better "quantified" along the sowing furrow due to their cost.

[05] Currently, a large part of the cost of planting grains is represented by seeds. Thus, it is vitally important to put the "exact" amount of seeds in the soil.

[06] At the same time, the planting periods between one harvest and the next have decreased drastically. In some places, up to three harvests per year are possible. Thus, in addition to saving seeds, the "speed" of the planting machines (planters and seeders) has also had to increase from 7/8 km/h to 15/16 km/h.

[07] In this way, different seed dispensers were created that are "attached" to planting machines, new or used, to meet the requirements: plant population per hectare, precision, speed and economy.

[08] In particular, current seed meters (vacuum pneumatic) and seed drivers (with conductive belts or brushes) are expensive and made up of dozens of components that can fail and wear out when used in adverse conditions, such as dust, humidity and straw, in direct planting crops.

[09] It is known in the art that the various agricultural seeds that are used for mechanized planting are very different from each other, both in terms of shape and specific weight. Therefore, in order for them to be retained in the planting discs, they must have specific cavities. for the seeds of each crop, such as: soybeans, corn, sunflowers, cotton, beans, among others. There are discs that are quite simple with only round holes, and that do not guarantee 100% fixation of the seeds and, therefore, affect the accuracy of the seeds placed in the soil, with gaps (the seed is not fixed) or doubles (more than one seed is fixed on the disc).

[10] At the same time, there are discs for vacuum use with special holes and cavities for each type of seed. The discs also vary in diameter and number of holes. These parameters are taken into account for the good performance of the mechanism: disc rotation, vacuum or pressure, planting speed, vibration of the planting assembly in crops under direct planting and plant population per hectare.

[11] By increasing the planting speed and the seed population per hectare, we need higher frequencies for seed placement, up to around 100 Hz. Under these conditions, vacuum discs cannot guarantee 100% seed fixation, thus affecting the uniqueness and precision of planting.

MODEL OBJECTIVES

[12] A new constructive arrangement in a soybean seed guide disc to ensure the uniqueness and quality of seed placement in the soil, using low-pressure positive air pressure to fix the seeds in the discs, without gaps or duplicates. At the same time, 3D modeling of uniquely shaped alveoli was performed to house the soybean seeds in these perforated discs, exclusive to this seed meter with low pressure, low rotation, high planting speed and high seed population per hectare.

[13] This model allows us to offer farmers a seed meter with a specially created disc that guarantees uniqueness, precision, planting speed and the desired plant population at a cost appropriate to the benefit generated.

[14] On the other hand, another advantage of the model in question is the absence of any and all singulation mechanisms, which exist in all other commercial dosing and distribution projects. With the application of positive air pressure inside the seed reservoir, the capture by each alveolus is perfect. With At the right pressure, a single seed lodges in the alveolus and remains there until it is "blown" into the seed tube and into the soil.

[15] Another advantageous aspect of the model in question is to provide a disc having a collar of truncated conical recesses combined by the smaller base with a cylindrical through hole defining a geometry that invites and accurately conducts just one soybean seed.

[16] Another advantage of the present utility model is to provide a disc with cavities that perfectly matches the positive air pressure in each cell and creates a disturbance in the seed reservoir as it passes through it and thus stably retains the seeds until they reach the point of being dispensed into the conductive tube. For this to occur accurately, several factors must come together. One of the most critical elements is the perforated disc that must retain the seeds even at high frequencies and high rotations of the discs.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[17] For a better understanding of this Utility Model, a detailed description of the same is provided below, with references to the attached drawings.

[18] FIGURE 1 is a perspective view showing the external aspects of a seed meter equipped with the present soybean seed guide disc.

[19] FIGURE 2 shows an anterior elevation view with section indications A-A and B-B.

[20] FIGURE 3 illustrates an enlarged view of section A-A indicated in the previous figure, showing the internal details of the dispenser.

[21] FIGURE 4 is an enlarged view of the B-B section indicated in Figure 2.

[22] FIGURE 5 shows a perspective view of only the soybean seed conducting disk.

[23] FIGURE 6 represents a front view of the soybean seed conducting disc and an isometric view of the respective C-C section accompanied by an enlarged detail of the same section.

[24] FIGURE 7 is a view of section CC and an enlarged detail thereof. DETAILED MODEL DESCRIPTION

[25] According to these illustrations and their details, more particularly Figures 1 to 4, the present utility model, a soybean seed conducting disc, is of the type to be used in any pneumatic seed meter (1), such as that taught in document BR202023015343-2, normally formed by an internal housing (2) which, on the external side, receives parts to form a casing (3), while on the internal side it centrally fixes two concentric motors, an internal motor (4) with a fan (5) to establish an air flow from the outside to the inside and an external motor (6) to receive and rotate a soybean seed conducting disc (7). Said disc has its external diameter adjusted to the corresponding diameter of the casing (3) and, with this, on one side of said perforated disc, a type of circular chamber (8) is formed, with a lower air flow inlet (9), which also establishes the entry by dragging of the soybean seeds, and internally the air flow is intercepted by a circular filter (10) arranged inside said chamber (8). Therefore, a flow of seed and air is established inside said chamber (8). This air flow causes the soybean seeds to be forced against the surface of said disc, where at least one collar of housings (11) receive the soybean seeds and, with the rotation of said disc, each housing with the respective seed passes through a small lower discharge chamber (12), where there is practically no positive pressure and, with this, said seed is thrown downwards and into a conductive tube (13) which, in turn, has its lower end aligned with the sowing furrow, where said seeds are dispensed equidistantly and, immediately afterwards, are covered in the soil automatically by the planter.

[26] With regard to Figure 5, the soybean seed conducting disc (7) is of the type with an internal face (14) and a front face (15), parallel to each other, as it is also defined by an external diameter (16) and an internal diameter (17), next to the latter are distributed fittings or holes (18) for fixing said disc to the rotating part of the external motor (6).

[27] As already mentioned, the aforementioned soybean seed conducting disc (7) has its internal face (14) with at least one collar of accommodations (11) close to its external diameter (16), where each accommodation temporarily retains only one soybean seed to be cultivated.

[28] As shown in the enlarged details of Figures 6 and 7, each housing (11) is characterized by the fact that it is formed by a cavity with two geometric shapes, in which the first is defined as a truncated cone-shaped cradle.

(19), formed by larger diameter (20) and smaller diameter (21), in which the first

(20) is coplanar to the face (14) of the soybean seed conductive disc (7), while the smaller diameter (21) is positioned approximately in the median section of the thickness of said soybean seed conductive disc (7), where such smaller diameter extends into a circular hole (22) that ends in the front face (15) of the soybean seed conductive disc (7).

[29] It is noted that the conductive disc (7) presents all the construction details so that the soybean seeds are guided until they are stably accommodated inside the housings (11), that is, the positive air flow moves the seeds against the face of the soybean seed conductive disc (7), where its rotation combines with the air flow, promoting a centrifugal force against the soybean seeds, dragging them radially to the housings (11) which, in turn, have an ideal geometry to temporarily accommodate each seed, keeping it stable for movement to the lower discharge chamber (12) and from there to the conductive tube (13), thus achieving the technical and practical advantages previously mentioned.

[30] As can be seen, after what has been exposed and illustrated, the object in question, a constructive arrangement in a soybean seed conducting disc, fits perfectly within the criteria that define the Utility Model, since, in addition to being susceptible to industrial application, it also presents a new form or arrangement, involving an inventive act, which results in a functional improvement in its use and in its manufacture.

Claims

CLAIM 1. CONSTRUCTION DISPLAY IN SOYBEAN SEED CONDUCTING DISC, used in a pneumatic seed meter (1), composed of an internal housing (2) that, on the external side, receives a casing (3), while on the internal side it concentrically fixes an internal motor (4) with a fan (5) and an external motor (6) that, in turn, rotates a soybean seed conducting disc (7), which has its external diameter adjusted to the corresponding diameter of the casing (3) and, with this, on one side of said perforated disc, a type of circular chamber (8) is formed, with a lower air flow inlet (9), which also establishes the drag entry of the soybean seeds, and internally the air flow is intercepted by a circular filter (10) arranged inside said chamber (8); the said soybean seed drive disc (7) is of the type with an internal face (14) and a front face (15), parallel to each other, as it is also defined by an external diameter (16) and an internal diameter (17), next to the latter are distributed fittings or holes (18) for fixing the said disc to the rotating part of the external motor (6); characterized by the fact that each housing (11) is defined by a cavity with two geometric shapes, in which the first configures a truncated cone-shaped cradle (19), formed by a larger diameter (20) and a smaller diameter (21), in which the first (20) is coplanar to the face (14) of the soybean seed drive disc (7), while the smaller diameter (21) is positioned approximately in the median section of the thickness of the said soybean seed drive disc (7), where said smaller diameter extends into a circular hole (22) that ends in the front face (15) of the soybean seed drive disc (7).