WO2023181749A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device, and particularly relates to a group III nitride semiconductor device using a group III nitride semiconductor.
- a group III nitride semiconductor device using a group III nitride semiconductor, particularly gallium nitride (GaN) or aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), has a high dielectric breakdown voltage due to the wide band gap of the material. Further, in a group III nitride semiconductor device, a heterostructure such as AlGaN/GaN can be easily formed.
- a high density of electrons (hereinafter referred to as "2DEG") is generated on the GaN layer side of the AlGaN/GaN interface due to the piezoelectric polarization generated from the lattice constant difference between the materials and the spontaneous polarization of AlGaN and GaN.
- a channel is formed by gas) (referred to as "two-dimensional electron gas”).
- Group III nitride semiconductor devices that utilize this two-dimensional electron gas channel have a relatively high electron saturation velocity, relatively high insulation resistance, and relatively high thermal conductivity, so they are suitable for high-frequency power devices. It is applied.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a nitride semiconductor device in which a recessed portion is provided in a channel layer.
- the nitride semiconductor device includes a first carrier supply layer provided in a region other than the recessed portion, a second carrier supply layer stacked so as to cover the recessed portion and the first carrier supply layer, and a second carrier supplied layer provided in an area other than the recessed portion. and a gate electrode provided at the gate electrode. Further, the second carrier supply layer has a smaller band gap than the first carrier supply layer.
- the electron density of the 2DEG below the gate electrode and the electron density of the 2DEG other than the bottom of the gate electrode fluctuate simultaneously.
- the electron density of the 2DEG below the gate electrode cannot be independently controlled. Therefore, there is a problem that the narrowing of the channel becomes insufficient and the short channel effect cannot be suppressed.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of such problems, and aims to provide a semiconductor device that can suppress short channel effects.
- one embodiment of a semiconductor device includes a substrate, a back barrier layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor provided above the substrate, and a back barrier layer formed above the back barrier layer.
- a channel layer provided above the channel layer made of a gallium nitride semiconductor, and having a smaller band gap than the back barrier layer; and a channel layer provided above the channel layer, made of a group III nitride semiconductor containing Al, and having a band gap smaller than the channel layer a large first barrier layer; and a second barrier layer, which is provided to fill a first recess provided on the upper surface of the channel layer, is made of a group III nitride semiconductor containing Al, and has a larger band gap than the channel layer.
- the In composition ratio of the first barrier layer is 0 or more and less than the In composition ratio of the second barrier layer
- the Al composition ratio of the first barrier layer is equal to or higher than the Al composition ratio of the second barrier layer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conduction band in an energy band diagram below the gate electrode of the semiconductor device according to Example 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conduction band in an energy band diagram below the gate electrode of the semiconductor device according to Example 2 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conduction band in an energy band diagram below the gate electrode of the semiconductor device according to Example 2
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a first modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a second modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view for explaining one step of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to each embodiment and each modification.
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view for explaining one step of the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to each embodiment and each modification.
- FIG. 13C is a cross-sectional view for explaining one step of the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to each embodiment and each modification.
- FIG. 13D is a cross-sectional view for explaining one step of the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to each embodiment and each modification.
- FIG. 13E is a cross-sectional view for explaining one step of the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to each embodiment and each modification.
- each figure is a schematic diagram and is not necessarily strictly illustrated.
- substantially the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping explanations will be omitted or simplified.
- the terms “upper” and “lower” in the configuration of a semiconductor device do not refer to the upper direction (vertically upward) or the downward direction (vertically downward) in absolute spatial recognition, but rather to the stacked structure. This is a term defined by the relative positional relationship based on the stacking order in . Additionally, the terms “above” and “below” are used not only when two components are spaced apart and there is another component between them; This also applies when two components are placed in close contact with each other.
- the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis indicate three axes of a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.
- two axes parallel to the main surface (top surface) of a substrate included in a semiconductor device are defined as an X-axis and a Y-axis
- a direction perpendicular to the main surface is defined as a Z-axis direction.
- the direction in which the source electrode, gate electrode, and drain electrode are lined up in this order, that is, the so-called gate length direction is set as the X-axis direction.
- the Z-axis positive direction may be described as “upward” and the Z-axis negative direction may be described as “downward.”
- planar view refers to the main surface (upper surface) of the substrate of the semiconductor device viewed from the positive direction of the Z-axis.
- ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” do not mean the number or order of components, unless otherwise specified, and do not mean the number or order of components. It is used for the purpose of
- a group III nitride semiconductor is a semiconductor containing one or more types of group III elements and nitrogen.
- group III elements include aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In).
- group III nitride semiconductors include GaN, AlN, InN, AlGaN, InGaN, and AlInGaN.
- the Group III nitride semiconductor may contain one or more types of elements other than Group III, such as silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P).
- Si silicon
- P phosphorus
- a layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor and a layer composed of a group III nitride semiconductor mean that the layer substantially contains only a group III nitride semiconductor.
- the layer may contain other elements as impurities, such as elements that cannot be avoided during manufacturing, at a rate of 1 at % or less.
- the composition ratio of group III elements in a nitride semiconductor refers to the ratio of the number of atoms of a target group III element among a plurality of group III elements contained in the nitride semiconductor. represents.
- the Al composition ratio of the nitride semiconductor layer is a/(a+b+c ) can be expressed as
- the In composition ratio and the Ga composition ratio are represented by b/(a+b+c) and c/(a+b+c), respectively.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the semiconductor device 100 is a nitride semiconductor device formed using a group III nitride semiconductor. In this embodiment, a case will be described in which the semiconductor device 100 is a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT).
- HEMT high electron mobility transistor
- the semiconductor device 100 includes a substrate 101, a buffer layer 102, a back barrier layer 103, a channel layer 104, a first barrier layer 105, a second barrier layer 106, and a gate electrode 121. , a source electrode 122, a drain electrode 123, a first 2DEG 111, and a second 2DEG 112.
- the gate threshold voltage is, for example, -3V.
- the semiconductor device 100 is operated by applying a potential of 0V to the source electrode 122, +30V to the drain electrode 123, and a potential between approximately -3V and +1V to the gate electrode 121.
- the potential applied to the drain electrode 123 may be in a range of 20 V or more and 50 V or less. Further, the value and range of the potential applied to each electrode may be adjusted depending on the gate threshold voltage, forward voltage, and operation method.
- the substrate 101 is, for example, a substrate made of Si whose main surface is a (111) plane.
- the substrate 101 is not limited to a substrate made of Si, but may be a substrate made of sapphire, SiC, GaN, AlN, or the like.
- Buffer layer 102 is provided above substrate 101 .
- the buffer layer 102 is provided in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 101.
- Buffer layer 102 is made of, for example, a group III nitride semiconductor.
- the buffer layer 102 is composed of a plurality of stacked layers of AlN and AlGaN with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- the buffer layer 102 is formed of a group III nitride semiconductor layer including a region where the carbon concentration is 1E-19 atoms ⁇ cm -3 or higher.
- the buffer layer 102 may have a structure in which a plurality of Al 1- ⁇ Ga ⁇ N (0 ⁇ 0.8) layers are laminated. Note that the thickness and carbon concentration of the buffer layer 102 are not limited to the above example.
- the buffer layer 102 may include a superlattice structure. Specifically, the buffer layer 102 may be configured by stacking 20 or more and 100 or less pairs of AlN and AlGaN. Further, the buffer layer 102 may be composed of a single layer or multiple layers of a group III nitride semiconductor such as GaN, AlGaN, AlN, InGaN, or AlInGaN. Note that the buffer layer 102 does not need to be provided.
- the back barrier layer 103 is a layer formed above the substrate 101 and made of a group III nitride semiconductor.
- the back barrier layer 103 has a larger band gap than the channel layer 104, and is provided in contact with the upper surface of the buffer layer 102.
- the back barrier layer 103 has a thickness of, for example, 1000 nm or more and 1395 nm or less, and is made of Al 0.05 Ga 0.95 N with an Al composition ratio of 5%. Note that the back barrier layer 103 is not limited to Al 0.05 Ga 0.95 N.
- the Al composition ratio of the back barrier layer 103 may be 1% or more and 10% or less. Further, the back barrier layer 103 may contain In. Note that the back barrier layer 103 may be doped with Fe, Mg, or C to increase the potential of the back barrier layer 103.
- the channel layer 104 is provided above the back barrier layer 103.
- the channel layer 104 is provided in contact with the upper surface of the back barrier layer 103.
- Channel layer 104 is made of gallium nitride semiconductor (GaN).
- the channel layer 104 has a smaller bandgap than the back barrier layer 103.
- the channel layer 104 is made of GaN with a thickness of 100 nm, for example. Note that the layer thickness of the channel layer 104 may be 20 nm or more and 150 nm or less. Further, the channel layer 104 may partially contain an n-type impurity.
- the first barrier layer 105 has a larger band gap than the channel layer 104 and is provided above the channel layer 104.
- the first barrier layer 105 is provided in contact with the upper surfaces of the channel layer 104 and the second barrier layer 106.
- the first barrier layer 105 is made of a group III nitride semiconductor containing Al. Note that the first barrier layer 105 is not limited to AlGaN, and may be made of a group III nitride semiconductor such as AlInGaN. Further, the first barrier layer 105 may contain an n-type impurity.
- a layer made of, for example, GaN and having a thickness of about 1 nm or more and about 2 nm may be provided on the first barrier layer 105 as a cap layer.
- the second barrier layer 106 is provided to fill the first recess portion 107.
- the second barrier layer 106 is provided so as to be embedded on the channel layer 104 side between the first barrier layer 105 and the channel layer 104 directly below the gate electrode 121 .
- "directly below” means a position where they overlap in plan view.
- the second barrier layer 106 is provided so as to completely fill the first recess portion 107. Therefore, the upper surface of the second barrier layer 106 and the upper surface of the channel layer 104 (the portion outside the first recess portion 107) are flush with each other. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the second barrier layer 106 and the cross-sectional shape of the first recess portion 107 in the XZ cross section substantially match.
- the first recess portion 107 is provided on the upper surface of the channel layer 104.
- the first recess portion 107 is a recessed portion recessed toward the substrate 101 from the upper surface of the channel layer 104 (here, the interface between the channel layer 104 and the first barrier layer 105).
- the first recess portion 107 is provided at a position overlapping the gate electrode 121 in plan view. In other words, the first recess portion 107 is located directly below the gate electrode 121.
- the cross-sectional shape (XZ cross-section) of the first recess portion 107 is rectangular. That is, the bottom surface of the first recess portion 107 is parallel to the main surface of the substrate 101. Further, the side surface of the first recess portion 107 is perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate 101. Note that the shape of the first recess portion 107 is not limited to a rectangle. For example, the side surface of the first recess portion 107 may be inclined with respect to the main surface of the substrate 101.
- the second barrier layer 106 is made of a group III nitride semiconductor containing Al. Specifically, the second barrier layer 106 is made of a group III nitride semiconductor containing Al and In. The second barrier layer 106 has a larger bandgap than the channel layer 104. The second barrier layer 106 may contain n-type impurities.
- a field plate electrode may be provided between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 in plan view.
- the second barrier layer 106 may be provided directly below the field plate electrode.
- the gate electrode 121 is provided with a space between the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123.
- gate electrode 121 is provided above first barrier layer 105.
- the gate electrode 121 is provided in contact with the upper surface of the first barrier layer 105.
- the gate electrode 121 is formed using a conductive material.
- the gate electrode 121 is a multilayer electrode film having a laminated structure in which TiN and Al are laminated in order.
- the gate electrode 121 is not limited to TiN and Al, but may also be made of a conductive metal nitride film such as TiN, WN, TaN or HfN, a conductive metal carbide film such as TiC, WC or HfC, or a conductive metal carbide film such as Ti, Ta or W. , Ni, Pd, Pt, Hf, Ru, Au, Cu, or other metals or alloys.
- the gate electrode 121 may be a compound containing these elements, or may be a multilayer electrode film having a multilayer structure.
- the gate length Lg of the gate electrode 121 is 0.10 ⁇ m. Note that the gate length Lg of the gate electrode 121 is not limited to 0.15 ⁇ m, and may be 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.25 ⁇ m or less.
- the gate electrode 121 is in contact with the first barrier layer 105 to form a Schottky junction.
- an insulating film may be provided between the first barrier layer 105 and the gate electrode 121, or a p-type nitride semiconductor layer may be provided.
- the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 are provided above the first barrier layer 105 with an interval between them. Specifically, the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 are provided to face each other with the gate electrode 121 interposed therebetween.
- the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 are formed using a conductive material.
- the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 are multilayer electrode films having a laminated structure in which Ti and Al are laminated in this order.
- the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 are not limited to a laminated structure of Ti and Al, but are also made of a single metal or an alloy such as Ti, Ta, Hf, Ru, Al, or W, or a conductive material such as TiN, WN, TaN, etc. It may also be a metal nitride film.
- a recessed portion is formed by removing a portion of the first barrier layer 105 and/or the channel layer 104, and a contact layer containing an n-type impurity containing a donor such as Si is provided in the formed recessed portion.
- the contact layer containing n-type impurities may be formed by plasma treatment, ion implantation, regrowth, or the like.
- the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 are electrically connected to 2DEG generated on the channel layer 104 side of the interface between the channel layer 104 and the first barrier layer 105 and second barrier layer 106. Specifically, the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 are electrically ohmically connected to the first 2DEG 111.
- 2DEG is generated on the channel layer 104 side of the interface between each of the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 and the channel layer 104 due to the effects of piezo polarization and spontaneous polarization.
- a first 2DEG 111 is generated at the interface between the first barrier layer 105 and the channel layer 104.
- a second 2DEG 112 is generated at the interface between the second barrier layer 106 and the channel layer 104.
- the In composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is 0 or more and less than the In composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106. That is, the following relationship holds: 0 ⁇ In composition ratio of first barrier layer 105 ⁇ In composition ratio of second barrier layer 106.
- the Al composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is greater than or equal to the Al composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106. That is, the following relationship holds: Al composition ratio of first barrier layer 105 ⁇ Al composition ratio of second barrier layer 106.
- the electron density (also referred to as 2DEG concentration) of the second 2DEG 112 generated directly below the gate electrode 121 is generated in a direction other than directly below the gate electrode 121.
- the electron density of the first 2DEG 111 can be lower than that of the first 2DEG 111. Therefore, when the semiconductor device 100 is off, the depletion layer generated directly below the gate electrode 121 tends to spread, so that the short channel effect can be suppressed.
- Examples 1 and 2 have the same structure except for the structures of the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106. Specifically, the relationship between the average lattice constant values of the channel layer 104, the first barrier layer 105, and the second barrier layer 106 is different between Example 1 and Example 2. Note that the average value of the lattice constant can be calculated based on, for example, the average value of the elemental composition ratio of the group III nitride semiconductor.
- Example 1 the average lattice constant value of the second barrier layer 106 is smaller than the average lattice constant value of the channel layer 104 and larger than the average lattice constant value of the first barrier layer 105. That is, the following relational expression (1) holds regarding the average value of the lattice constant.
- the higher the Al composition rate or the Ga composition rate the smaller the average value of the lattice constant. Comparing Al and Ga, the higher the Ga composition ratio, the larger the average value of the lattice constant.
- the higher the Al composition ratio the smaller the average value of the lattice constant.
- the average lattice constant values of AlN, GaN, and InN satisfy the relationship AlN ⁇ GaN ⁇ InN.
- the band gap has an inverse relationship to the average value of the lattice constant. That is, the band gaps of AlN, GaN, and InN satisfy the relationship AlN>GaN>InN.
- the first barrier layer 105 has a thickness of 20 nm and is made of Al 0.27 Ga 0.73 N with an Al composition ratio of 27%.
- the second barrier layer 106 has a thickness of 20 nm and is made of In 0.04 Al 0.23 Ga 0.73 N with an In composition ratio of 4% and an Al composition ratio of 23%.
- the In composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is lower than the In composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106.
- the Al composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is higher than the Al composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106.
- the Ga composition ratio of each of the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 is greater than 50%, and more specifically, greater than 70%. Due to such a composition ratio relationship, the above-mentioned relational expression (1) of the average lattice constant value can be satisfied for the channel layer 104 made of GaN.
- the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 have the same thickness and Ga composition ratio, but are not limited thereto. As long as the relationship of the average lattice constant values described above is satisfied, the In composition ratio, Al composition ratio, and Ga composition ratio can be changed as appropriate.
- Example 1 the tensile stress applied to the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 can be reduced. Therefore, since the amount of piezo polarization in the direction directly below the gate electrode 121 is reduced, the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 can be lower than that of the first 2DEG 111.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conduction band in an energy band diagram below the gate electrode 121 of the semiconductor device 100 according to Example 1 of the first embodiment.
- the conduction band of the energy band diagram of the lower part of the gate electrode of a semiconductor device in which the second barrier layer 106 and the first recess portion 107 are not present is also represented by a broken line. Note that in the semiconductor device according to Comparative Example 1, the upper surface of the channel layer 104 is flat, and the first barrier layer 105 is in contact with the flat upper surface.
- the first barrier layer 106 in the direction directly below the gate electrode 121 is And the total amount of piezo polarization in the second barrier layer 106 is reduced. Therefore, it can be seen that the conduction band below the second barrier layer 106 rises, and the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 is lower than that of the first 2DEG 111. In this way, the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 can be independently controlled without affecting the electron density of the first 2DEG 111.
- Example 2 the average lattice constant value of the channel layer 104 is smaller than the average lattice constant value of the second barrier layer 106 and greater than or equal to the average lattice constant value of the first barrier layer 105. That is, the following relational expression (2) holds regarding the average value of the lattice constant.
- the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 are each made of a group III nitride semiconductor containing Al and In.
- the first barrier layer 105 has a thickness of 5 nm and is composed of In 0.6 Al 0.83 Ga 0.11 N with an In composition ratio of 6% and an Al composition ratio of 83%.
- the second barrier layer 106 has a thickness of 5 nm and is made of In 0.24 Al 0.65 Ga 0.11 N with an In composition ratio of 24% and an Al composition ratio of 65%.
- the In composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is lower than the In composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106.
- the Al composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is higher than the Al composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106.
- the Ga composition ratio of each of the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 is less than 50%, more specifically less than 20%. Due to such a composition ratio relationship, the above-mentioned relational expression (2) of the average lattice constant value can be satisfied for the channel layer 104 made of GaN.
- the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 have the same thickness and Ga composition ratio, but are not limited thereto. As long as the relationship of the average lattice constant values described above is satisfied, the In composition ratio, Al composition ratio, and Ga composition ratio can be changed as appropriate.
- Example 2 compressive stress can be applied to the second barrier layer 106. Therefore, the direction of the piezo polarization generated in the second barrier layer 106 is reversed, and the total amount of piezo polarization in the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 is reduced. Therefore, the conduction band below the second barrier layer 106 rises, and the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 can be further reduced than the electron density of the first 2DEG 111.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conduction band in an energy band diagram below the gate electrode 121 of the semiconductor device 100 according to Example 2 of the first embodiment.
- the conduction band of the energy band diagram of the lower part of the gate electrode of a semiconductor device in which the second barrier layer 106 and the first recess portion 107 are not present is also represented by a broken line as Comparative Example 2.
- the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 is lower than that of the first 2DEG 111. In this way, the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 can be independently controlled without affecting the electron density of the first 2DEG 111.
- the film thicknesses and elemental composition ratios of the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 shown in Examples 1 and 2 are only examples.
- the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 may have arbitrary thicknesses.
- the semiconductor device 100 includes the substrate 101, the back barrier layer 103 made of a group III nitride semiconductor provided above the substrate 101, and the back barrier layer 103 provided above the back barrier layer 103.
- a channel layer 104 made of a gallium nitride semiconductor and having a smaller band gap than the back barrier layer 103;
- a large first barrier layer 105 and a second recess 107 provided on the upper surface of the channel layer 104 are formed, are made of a group III nitride semiconductor containing Al, and have a larger band gap than the channel layer 104.
- a source electrode 122 and a drain electrode 123 each electrically connected to the two-dimensional electron gas; and a gate electrode provided above the second barrier layer 106 with a space between the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123.
- the In composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than the In composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106 .
- the Al composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 is greater than or equal to the Al composition ratio of the second barrier layer 106.
- the first 2DEG 111 and the second 2DEG 112 are generated in the channel layer 104 near the interface with the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106.
- a transistor using the 2DEG 112 as a channel can be realized.
- the second barrier layer 106 is embedded in the first recess 107 under the first barrier layer 105 in the direction directly below the gate electrode 121, the distance between the back barrier layer 103 and the second barrier layer 106 can be shortened. . Therefore, the channel in the channel layer 104 can be narrowed when the transistor is off.
- the second barrier layer 106 only the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 can be independently controlled without affecting the electron density of the first 2DEG 111.
- the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 can be lower than that of the first 2DEG 111.
- the average lattice constant value of the second barrier layer 106 is smaller than the average lattice constant value of the channel layer 104, and may be larger than the average value of the lattice constant.
- the tensile stress applied to the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 in the direction directly below the gate electrode 121 can be reduced. Therefore, the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 directly below the gate electrode 121 can be reduced, making it easier to spread the depletion layer and suppressing the short channel effect.
- the average lattice constant value of the channel layer 104 is smaller than the average lattice constant value of the second barrier layer 106, and The average value of the lattice constant may be greater than or equal to the average value of the lattice constant.
- the modification shown below differs from Embodiment 1 in that a recessed portion is provided in the first barrier layer. That is, a second recess portion is provided under the gate electrode 121.
- a recessed portion is provided in the first barrier layer. That is, a second recess portion is provided under the gate electrode 121.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 100A according to a first modification of the first embodiment.
- a second recess portion 108A is provided on the upper surface of the first barrier layer 105 below the gate electrode 121.
- the second recess portion 108A is mainly formed by removing a portion of the first barrier layer 105 below the gate electrode 121.
- the second recess portion 108A is a recessed portion recessed toward the substrate 101 from the upper surface of the first barrier layer 105 (here, the interface between the first barrier layer 105 and the source electrode 122 or the drain electrode 123).
- the second recess portion 108A is provided at a position overlapping the gate electrode 121 in plan view.
- the cross-sectional shape (XZ cross-section) of the second recess portion 108A is rectangular. That is, the bottom surface of the second recess portion 108A is parallel to the main surface of the substrate 101. Further, the side surface of the second recess portion 108A is perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate 101. Note that the shape of the second recess portion 108A is not limited to a rectangle. For example, the side surface of the second recess portion 108A may be inclined with respect to the main surface of the substrate 101.
- the second recess portion 108A has a width shorter than the first recess portion 107 in the gate length direction (X-axis direction).
- the second recess portion 108A is provided so as not to protrude from the first recess portion 107 toward the source electrode 122 side and the drain electrode 123 side, respectively, in plan view.
- the gate electrode 121 is in contact with the bottom surface of the second recess portion 108A.
- the gate electrode 121 is provided so as to fill the second recess portion 108A. Note that a portion of the gate electrode 121 may be provided so as to protrude from the second recess portion 108A toward the source electrode 122 side or the drain electrode 123 side.
- the second recessed portion 108A is provided on the upper surface of the first barrier layer 105 below the gate electrode 121, and the gate electrode 121 is provided with the second recessed portion 108A. It is touching the bottom.
- the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 directly below the second recessed portion 108A can be lowered, and the distance between the gate electrode 121 and the second 2DEG 112 can be reduced. can be made even shorter. Therefore, the depletion layer spreads more easily, so that the short channel effect can be suppressed more strongly.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 100B according to a second modification of the first embodiment.
- a second recess portion 108B is provided on the upper surface of the first barrier layer 105 below the gate electrode 121, similarly to FIG.
- the second recess portion 108B penetrates the first barrier layer 105.
- the second recess portion 108B is mainly formed by removing the entire first barrier layer 105 and a portion of the second barrier layer 106 below the gate electrode 121.
- the second recess portion 108B has the same characteristics as the second recess portion 108A shown in FIG. 4, except that the length in the depth direction (Z-axis direction) is different.
- the gate electrode 121 is in contact with the second barrier layer 106.
- the distance between the bottom of the gate electrode 121 and the second 2DEG 112 is, for example, 3 nm or more and 15 nm or less. This allows the second 2DEG 112 to function as a channel without disappearing.
- the second recess portion 108B penetrates the first barrier layer 105, and the gate electrode 121 is in contact with the second barrier layer 106.
- the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 directly below the second recess portion 108B can be made lower than in the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 4. Furthermore, the distance between the bottom of the gate electrode 121 and the second 2DEG 112 can be further shortened. Therefore, the depletion layer becomes more likely to expand. Further, since the distance between the bottom of the gate electrode 121 and the second 2DEG 112 can be further shortened, the mutual conductance (gm) of the transistor can be improved, and the responsiveness of the transistor can be improved.
- the second recess portion 108B may only penetrate the first barrier layer 105. That is, when forming the second recess portion 108B, it is not necessary to remove a portion of the second barrier layer 106. In this case, the bottom surface of the second recess portion 108B may be flush with the interface between the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the relative positional relationship between the gate electrode and the second barrier layer.
- the explanation will focus on the differences from Embodiment 1, and the explanation of the common points will be omitted or simplified.
- the second barrier layer 106 has a finite first length from the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side (the end on the drain electrode 123 side) to the drain electrode 123 side in plan view. It's overhanging.
- the first length corresponds to the distance DBD shown in FIG.
- the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side is the part of the outline of the gate electrode 121 in plan view that is closest to the drain electrode 123.
- the 2DEG generated directly below the end of the gate electrode 121 becomes the second 2DEG 112 and has a low electron density. Therefore, the electric field concentrated at the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side can be alleviated. Therefore, off-leakage current between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 can be reduced.
- the second barrier layer 106 extends from the end of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side (the end on the source electrode side) toward the source electrode 122 by a finite second length.
- the second length corresponds to the distance DBS shown in FIG.
- the end of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side is the part of the outline of the gate electrode 121 in plan view that is closest to the source electrode 122.
- the first length (distance D BD ) and the second length (distance D BS ) are equal to each other.
- the first length (distance D BD ) is, for example, 1/2 or less of the distance between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123, but may be 1/4 or less.
- the second length (distance D BS ) is, for example, 1/2 or less of the distance between the gate electrode 121 and the source electrode 122, but may be 1/4 or less.
- the second barrier layer 106 is larger than the end of the field plate electrode on the drain electrode 123 side. It may extend toward the drain electrode 123 side. At this time, the second barrier layer 106 may be provided continuously or discontinuously. Alternatively, by changing the depth of the first recess portion 107, the thickness of the second barrier layer 106 may be increased or decreased as appropriate. By doing so, current collapse can be reduced.
- the off-leakage current between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 can also be reduced in the semiconductor device 100 according to the first embodiment. Further, according to the semiconductor device according to this embodiment, which will be described below with reference to FIG. 6, off-leakage current can be reduced more effectively.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the first length (distance D BD ) is longer than the second length (distance D BS ).
- the electric field concentrated at the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side can be further relaxed, and off-leakage current between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 can be reduced.
- the second barrier layer 106 has a finite first length from the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side to the drain electrode 123 side in a plan view of the substrate 101. It overhangs by a distance D BD .
- the second 2DEG 112 with a low electron density extends toward the drain electrode 123 side. Therefore, electric field concentration at the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side can be alleviated, and leakage current between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 can be suppressed.
- the second barrier layer 106 extends a finite second length (distance) from the end of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side to the source electrode 122 side. D BS ), and the first length (distance D BD ) is longer than the second length (distance D BS ).
- the second 2DEG 112 with a low electron density extends to each of the drain electrode 123 side and the source electrode 122 side. Therefore, electric field concentration at both ends of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side and the source electrode 122 side can be alleviated, and between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 and between the gate electrode 121 and the source electrode 122. It is possible to suppress each leakage current between.
- the first length (distance D BD ) of the second barrier layer 106 extending toward the drain electrode 123 side is smaller than the second length (distance D BS ) of the second barrier layer 106 extending toward the source electrode 122 side.
- the relative positional relationship between the gate electrode and the second barrier layer is different from the first and second embodiments.
- the explanation will focus on the differences from Embodiments 1 and 2, and the explanation of common points will be omitted or simplified.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 200A according to a first modification of the second embodiment.
- the gate electrode 121 extends further toward the source electrode 122 than the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the source electrode 122 side (the end on the source electrode side).
- the gate electrode 121 extends by a finite third length.
- the third length corresponds to the distance DGS shown in FIG.
- the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the source electrode 122 side is the part of the outline of the second barrier layer 106 in plan view that is closest to the source electrode 122.
- the second barrier layer 106 is not provided directly below the end of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side.
- a first 2DEG 111 is generated directly below the end of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side.
- the distance D GS is shorter than the distance D BD .
- concentration of the electric field between the gate and the source can be alleviated, and leakage current between the gate electrode 121 and the source electrode 122 can be reduced.
- the distance D GS may be equal to the distance D BD or may be longer than the distance D BD .
- the gate electrode 121 protrudes toward the source electrode 122 side from the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the source electrode 122 side when the substrate 101 is viewed from above.
- the first 2DEG 111 located between the gate electrode 121 and the source electrode 122 in plan view extends to the portion overlapping with the end of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side.
- the first 2DEG 111 is a region with high electron density and low resistance. Therefore, the first 2DEG 111 having a high electron density can be extended long and the second 2DEG 112 having a low electron density can be shortened, so that the on-resistance can be reduced.
- the second barrier layer 106 is provided so as to protrude beyond the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side, the electric field concentrated at the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side can be alleviated. . In this way, on-resistance can be reduced while reducing off-leakage current due to electric field relaxation.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 200B according to a second modification of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, in the semiconductor device 200B according to the second modification, the gate electrode 121 protrudes on both sides of the source electrode 122 side and the drain electrode 123 side compared to the end portion of the second barrier layer 106.
- the gate electrode 121 extends a finite fourth length from the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the drain electrode 123 side (drain electrode side end) toward the drain electrode 123 side.
- the fourth length corresponds to the distance DGD shown in FIG.
- the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the drain electrode 123 side is the part of the outline of the second barrier layer 106 in plan view that is closest to the drain electrode 123.
- the distance D GS is equal to the distance D GD , but is not limited thereto.
- the distance D GS may be shorter than the distance D GD or longer than the distance D BD .
- the distance D GS it is possible to reduce the on-resistance while alleviating electric field concentration on the drain electrode 123 side.
- the gate electrode 121 protrudes toward the drain electrode 123 side from the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the drain electrode 123 side when the substrate 101 is viewed from above. Further, in the semiconductor device 200B, similarly to the semiconductor device 200A, the gate electrode 121 protrudes toward the source electrode 122 side from the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the source electrode 122 side in a plan view of the substrate 101.
- the first 2DEG 111 located between the gate electrode 121 and each of the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 in plan view is located at the end of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side or the drain electrode 123. It extends to the part that overlaps the side edge. Therefore, the first 2DEG 111 with high electron density extends to the source electrode 122 side and the drain electrode 123 side, and the second 2DEG 112 with low electron density can be shortened, so that on-resistance can be reduced.
- the second recess portion 108A according to the first modification of the first embodiment is provided so that a part of the gate electrode 121 is It may be provided so as to be embedded in one barrier layer 105. Further, in the semiconductor device 200, the second recess portion 108B according to the second modification of the first embodiment may be provided, and the gate electrode 121 may be in contact with the second barrier layer 106.
- the depletion layer can be expanded easily, and off-leakage current of the transistor can be reduced.
- the shape of the second barrier layer is different from the first embodiment.
- the explanation will focus on the differences from Embodiment 1, and the explanation of the common points will be omitted or simplified.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 300 according to the third embodiment.
- the second barrier layer 106 is thinner on the source electrode 122 side than on the drain electrode 123 side.
- the end position of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side (drain electrode side end position) of the second barrier layer 106 is higher than the end position of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side. It is thicker than the position (source electrode side end position).
- the second barrier layer 106 has a thin film portion 106a and a thick film portion 106b that is thicker than the thin film portion 106a.
- the thin film portion 106a overlaps the end position of the gate electrode 121 on the source electrode 122 side in plan view.
- the thick film portion 106b overlaps the end position of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side in plan view.
- the second barrier layer 106 having different thicknesses is formed by forming a step on the bottom surface of the first recess portion 107.
- the first recess portion 107 having a step on the bottom surface is formed, for example, by etching the channel layer 104 in stages.
- the electron density of 2DEG generated near the interface between the second barrier layer 106 and the channel layer 104 varies.
- the electron density of the third 2DEG 113 on the source electrode 122 side can be made higher than the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 on the drain electrode 123 side. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the on-resistance while reducing the off-leakage current between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 by relaxing the electric field at the end of the gate electrode 121 on the drain electrode 123 side.
- the second barrier layer 106 has a thinner portion closer to the drain electrode 123 than the thicker portion 106b, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the thick film portion 106b may extend to the end of the second barrier layer 106 on the drain electrode 123 side.
- the thickness of the second barrier layer 106 is smaller at the end position of the gate electrode 121 on the side of the drain electrode 123 in a plan view of the substrate 101. It is thicker than the source electrode 122 side end position.
- the shape of the side surface of the second barrier layer is different from that in Embodiment 1.
- the explanation will focus on the differences from Embodiment 1, and the explanation of the common points will be omitted or simplified.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 300A according to a modification of the third embodiment.
- the side surface of the second barrier layer 106 is inclined.
- the side surfaces of the second barrier layer 106 on the source electrode 122 side and the drain electrode 123 side are formed such that the distance from the first barrier layer 105 increases from the end of the second barrier layer 106 toward the center. It is sloping.
- the inclined side surface is, for example, a smoothly curved inclined surface.
- the inclined surface is convex and curved downward. Note that the inclined side surface may be a flat surface. Further, one side surface on the source electrode 122 side and the drain electrode 123 side does not need to be sloped.
- the inclination angle of the side surface of the second barrier layer 106 is an acute angle with respect to the lower surface of the first barrier layer 105. Note that the inclination angle is expressed by the angle formed by the contact surface between the second barrier layer 106 and the first barrier layer 105 and the side surface.
- the angle of inclination of the side surface of the second barrier layer 106 is, for example, 45 degrees or less, and is, for example, 30 degrees. Note that the smaller the inclination angle, the more the on-resistance can be reduced.
- a fourth 2DEG 114 is generated on the channel layer 104 side. Since the thickness of the second barrier layer 106 becomes thinner at each end on the source electrode 122 side and the drain electrode 123 side due to the slope of the side surface, the electron density of the fourth 2DEG 114 near the end becomes high. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the on-resistance. Moreover, since the fourth 2DEG 114 is generated along the shape of the inclined side surface, it is possible to smoothly connect the first 2DEG 111 and the second 2DEG 112. Therefore, electron scattering within the 2DEG can be suppressed, and on-resistance can be reduced.
- the side surface of the second barrier layer 106 on the source electrode 122 side or the drain electrode 123 side has a distance from the lower surface of the first barrier layer 105 to the second barrier layer 106.
- the angle between the side surface of the second barrier layer 106 and the lower surface of the first barrier layer 105 is an acute angle.
- the electron density of the fourth 2DEG 114 can be made higher than the electron density of the second 2DEG 112, so that the on-resistance can be reduced.
- the second recess portion 108A according to the first modification of the first embodiment is provided, so that a part of the gate electrode 121 is connected to the first barrier. It may be provided so as to be embedded in the layer 105. Further, in the semiconductor device 300 or 300A, the second recess portion 108B according to the second modification of the first embodiment may be provided, and the gate electrode 121 may be in contact with the second barrier layer 106. The depletion layer can be expanded easily, and off-leakage current of the transistor can be reduced. Further, in the semiconductor device 300 or 300A, the positional relationship between the second barrier layer 106 and the gate electrode 121 may satisfy the positional relationship described in the second embodiment or its modification.
- the fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the first barrier layer has a spacer layer.
- the explanation will focus on the differences from Embodiment 1, and the explanation of the common points will be omitted or simplified.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 400 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the first barrier layer 105 has two or more layers.
- the first barrier layer 105 includes a spacer layer 105a and a barrier layer 105b.
- Barrier layer 105b has, for example, the same structure as first barrier layer 105 shown in Embodiments 1 to 3.
- the spacer layer 105a is the lowest layer among all the layers that make up the first barrier layer 105.
- the bandgap of the spacer layer 105a is larger than that of any layer in the first barrier layer 105 other than the spacer layer 105a.
- the bandgap of the spacer layer 105a is larger than both the bandgap of the barrier layer 105b and the bandgap of the channel layer 104.
- the spacer layer 105a may have the largest bandgap among all the layers constituting the first barrier layer 105.
- the spacer layer 105a is, for example, AlN with a thickness of 2 nm and an Al composition ratio of 100%. Note that the Al composition ratio of the spacer layer 105a may be in a range of 30% or more and less than 100%. Moreover, the thickness of the spacer layer 105a may be any thickness.
- the spacer layer 105a contacts and covers the upper surface of the second barrier layer 106, but the spacer layer 105a is not limited thereto.
- the spacer layer 105a may not be provided in a portion of the first barrier layer 105 that is in contact with the upper surface of the second barrier layer 106. In this case, the upper surface of the second barrier layer 106 is in contact with the barrier layer 105b.
- the spacer layer 105a may be provided on at least one of the side surface and the bottom surface of the second barrier layer 106. In this case, the spacer layer 105a in contact with the upper surface of the second barrier layer 106 may not be provided.
- the first barrier layer 105 is composed of multiple layers including the spacer layer 105a at the bottom layer.
- the bandgap of the spacer layer 105a is larger than the bandgap of any layer other than the spacer layer 105a in the first barrier layer 105.
- the modification shown below differs from the fourth embodiment in that a recessed portion is provided in the first barrier layer.
- the explanation will focus on the differences from Embodiment 4, and the explanation of the common points will be omitted or simplified.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a semiconductor device 400A according to a modification of the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, in a semiconductor device 400A according to a modification, a third recess portion 109 is provided on the upper surface of the first barrier layer 105 below the gate electrode 121, reaching the spacer layer 105a.
- the third recess portion 109 penetrates through all the layers constituting the first barrier layer 105, except for the spacer layer 105a. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the third recess portion 109 penetrates the barrier layer 105b. The bottom surface of the third recess portion 109 is flush with the interface between the spacer layer 105a and the barrier layer 105b. Note that the third recess portion 109 may be formed by removing a portion of the spacer layer 105a. That is, the bottom surface of the third recess portion 109 may be located below the interface between the spacer layer 105a and the barrier layer 105b. The shape and arrangement of the third recess portion 109 are the same as the second recess portion 108A or 108B according to the modification of the first embodiment.
- the gate electrode 121 is in contact with the bottom surface of the third recess portion 109. That is, the gate electrode 121 is in contact with the spacer layer 105a.
- the third recess portion 109 extending to the spacer layer 105a is provided on the upper surface of the first barrier layer 105 below the gate electrode 121, and the gate electrode 121 is It is in contact with the bottom surface of the third recess portion 109.
- the Schottky barrier becomes high, and the off-leakage current between the gate electrode 121 and the drain electrode 123 can be further reduced.
- the second recess 108A according to the first modification of the first embodiment is provided instead of the third recess 109, and the gate A portion of the electrode 121 may be embedded in the first barrier layer 105.
- a second recess portion 108B according to the second modification of the first embodiment is provided in place of the third recess portion 109, so that the gate electrode 121 contacts the second barrier layer 106. You can leave it there.
- the depletion layer can be expanded easily, and off-leakage current of the transistor can be reduced.
- the positional relationship between the second barrier layer 106 and the gate electrode 121 may satisfy the positional relationship described in the second embodiment or its modification.
- the shape of the second barrier layer 106 may be the shape described in Embodiment 3 or its modification.
- Example 1 and Example 2 of the embodiment differ only in the thicknesses, Al composition ratio, and In composition ratio of the channel layer 104, first barrier layer 105, and second barrier layer 106, so This will be explained using example 1 as a representative example.
- 13A to 13E are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the semiconductor device 100 in the process of being manufactured.
- a buffer having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m and having a stacked structure of AlN and AlGaN is deposited on a substrate 101 made of Si using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- layer 102 a back barrier layer 103 made of Al 0.05 Ga 0.95 N with a thickness of 1000 nm and an Al composition ratio of 5%
- a channel layer 104 made of GaN with a thickness of 100 nm
- a nitrided layer 104 made of InAlGaN is successively epitaxially grown in the +c plane direction ( ⁇ 0001> direction) in a semiconductor crystal growth apparatus.
- the growth conditions for the buffer layer 102 for example, a growth temperature of 600° C. to 1200° C. was applied.
- the growth pressure is, for example, 50 KPa or less under reduced pressure conditions.
- the growth conditions for the back barrier layer 103 for example, a growth temperature of 900° C. to 1200° C. is applied. Alternatively, the growth temperature may range from 1000°C to 1150°C. A back barrier layer 103 with better film quality can be formed. Further, the growth pressure is, for example, 80 KPa or less under reduced pressure conditions. Note that it is also possible to add carbon (C), iron (Fe), or the like to the back barrier layer 103 as an impurity.
- C carbon
- Fe iron
- the growth conditions for the channel layer 104 for example, a growth temperature of 900° C. to 1200° C. is applied. Alternatively, the growth temperature may range from 1000°C to 1150°C. A channel layer 104 with better film quality can be formed. Furthermore, the growth pressure may be either normal pressure or reduced pressure conditions. Furthermore, by using GaN to which no impurities are intentionally added for the channel layer 104, it is possible to suppress so-called current collapse, in which the drain current transiently decreases, which is caused by impurities.
- the growth conditions for the nitride semiconductor layer 106A for example, a growth temperature of 500° C. to 900° C. is applied. Alternatively, the growth temperature may range from 550°C to 750°C. A nitride semiconductor layer 106A with better film quality can be formed. Furthermore, the growth pressure may be either normal pressure or reduced pressure conditions.
- the gas flow rate ratio of the carrier gas made of a mixed gas of H 2 and N 2 satisfies, for example, the following formula (1). Thereby, etching of the nitride semiconductor layer 106A can be suppressed.
- the gas flow rate ratio of the carrier gas consisting of a mixed gas of H 2 and N 2 may satisfy the following equation (2). Thereby, the effect of suppressing etching can be further enhanced.
- the first recess portion 107 is formed by removing the entire nitride semiconductor layer 106A in the region where the second barrier layer 106 is to be formed and 20 nm of the channel layer 104 using a dry etching method. Note that although a dry etching method is used in this embodiment, the first recess portion 107 may be formed using a wet etching method, or a wet etching method may be used after using a dry etching method. good.
- the shape, position, and size of the first recess portion 107 can be adjusted depending on the shape, position, and size of the portion to be removed by resist patterning.
- the first recess portion 107 according to the second or third embodiment or a modification thereof can be formed.
- the first recess portion 107 having a step on the bottom surface as shown in FIG.
- the first recess portion 107 with inclined side surfaces as shown in FIG. 10 can be formed by making the end shape of the resist inclined.
- plasma processing using an ICP (inductively coupled plasma) dry etching apparatus will be described.
- plasma processing using a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) or an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) dry etching apparatus may be used.
- Etching processing using an ICP dry etching apparatus is performed, for example, by using BCl 3 as a gas source and introducing BCl 3 gas at a gas flow rate of 10 sccm or more and 30 sccm or less.
- BCl 3 as a gas source
- BCl 3 gas at a gas flow rate of 10 sccm or more and 30 sccm or less.
- HBr, SiCl 4 , Cl 2 or CCl 4 may be added in addition to BCl 3 gas.
- an inert gas such as Ar (argon) or He (helium) may be introduced for dilution.
- Setting conditions for the etching process include, for example, the pressure of the etching process atmosphere is 0.5 Pa or more and 3 Pa or less, the power applied to the upper electrode by the 13.56 MHz power source is 50 W or more and 200 W or less, and the power applied to the lower electrode by the 13.56 MHz power source is 50 W or more and 200 W or less.
- the power applied to the substrate is 5 W or more and 20 W or less, and the substrate temperature is 0° C. or more and 20° C. or less.
- etching treatment may be performed using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), or the like.
- TMAH tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- the pH value of the alkaline chemical solution may be 10 or more and 14 or less, and the temperature of the chemical solution may be 65° C. or more.
- the surface of the nitride semiconductor layer 106A may be covered with a hard mask and removed after wet etching. By doing so, it is possible to suppress an increase in crystal defects caused by the alkaline chemical liquid penetrating the nitride semiconductor layer 106A in the channel layer 104.
- a second barrier layer 106 is formed from the nitride semiconductor layer 106A by a mass transport method so as to fill the first recess portion 107.
- the second barrier layer 106 is, for example, In 0.04 Al 0.23 Ga 0.73 N with a thickness of 20 nm and an In composition ratio of 4% and an Al composition ratio of 23%.
- the material After being introduced into a nitride semiconductor growth apparatus, the material is heated to an elevated temperature in an atmosphere of a carrier gas consisting of a mixed gas of H 2 and N 2 and a group V raw material gas consisting of NH 3 . Further, during this temperature raising heating, the organic metal serving as the group III raw material is not supplied into the nitride semiconductor growth apparatus.
- the In atoms, Al atoms, and Ga atoms, which are group III atoms, separated from the surface of the nitride semiconductor layer 106A are combined with the supply of N atoms, which are group V atoms decomposed from NH 3 , to cause a mass transport phenomenon. do. Due to the mass transport phenomenon caused by heating in an atmosphere of carrier gas consisting of a mixed gas of H 2 and N 2 and NH 3 , In atoms, Al atoms, Ga atoms, and N atoms have potential energy
- the first recess portion 107 can be moved to the first recess portion 107 where the temperature is lower, and the first recess portion 107 can be embedded.
- the second barrier layer 106 is formed, and the nitride semiconductor layer 106A formed over the channel layer 104 disappears. Further, due to the movement of each atom in the direction of the hole and the deposition of each atom inside the hole due to the mass transport phenomenon, the upper surface of the channel layer 104 and the second barrier layer 106 are formed as shown in FIG. 13C. The surface will be flat with no unevenness.
- the composition of the nitride semiconductor layer 106A, the temperature, pressure, and carriers at which the mass transport phenomenon occurs are determined. This can be achieved by appropriately controlling conditions such as gas flow rate and the elapsed time of the mass transport phenomenon.
- the gas flow rate ratio of the carrier gas when forming the second barrier layer 106 by the mass transport phenomenon satisfies, for example, the condition of equation (1) described above.
- the gas flow rate ratio satisfies the above-mentioned equation (2), the etching effect can be further suppressed.
- the second barrier layer 106 is formed by a mass transport method, but the method is not limited thereto. After forming the first recess portion 107 by forming a mask layer without forming the nitride semiconductor layer 106A, the second barrier layer 106 may be formed by a selective growth method, and then the mask layer may be removed.
- the spacer layer 105a shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 may be formed on the channel layer 104. Further, the spacer layer 105a may be formed before forming the second barrier layer 106. Spacer layer 105a can be formed by MOCVD.
- a first barrier layer 105 is successively formed on the channel layer 104 and the second barrier layer 106 in a semiconductor crystal growth apparatus using the MOCVD method.
- the second barrier layer 106 is, for example, Al 0.27 Ga 0.73 N with a thickness of 20 nm and an Al composition ratio of 27%.
- the interface between the channel layer 104, the first barrier layer 105, and the second barrier layer 106 is formed.
- 2DEG is formed due to the influence of spontaneous polarization and piezo polarization due to lattice constant difference. That is, a first 2DEG 111 is generated at the interface between the channel layer 104 and the first barrier layer 105, and a second 2DEG 112 is generated at the interface between the channel layer 104 and the second barrier layer 106.
- the In composition ratio of the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106 satisfies the relationship of 0 ⁇ first barrier layer 105 ⁇ second barrier layer 106.
- the Al composition ratio satisfies the relationship: first barrier layer 105 ⁇ second barrier layer 106.
- the average value of the lattice constant satisfies the relationship of channel layer 104>second barrier layer 106>first barrier layer 105, thereby reducing the tensile stress on the first barrier layer 105 and the second barrier layer 106. can. Therefore, since the amount of piezo polarization below the gate electrode 121 is reduced, the electron density of the second 2DEG 112 can be lower than the electron density of the first 2DEG 111.
- the growth conditions for the first barrier layer 105 for example, a growth temperature of 900° C. to 1200° C. is applied. Alternatively, the growth temperature may range from 1000°C to 1150°C. Further, a reduced pressure condition is applied to the growth pressure. For example, the growth pressure is 80 KPa or less.
- the first barrier layer 105 with better film quality can be formed. Note that, of course, it is possible to change the Al composition and film thickness of the first barrier layer 105, and to change the conditions for forming the first barrier layer 105, if necessary.
- the laminated film of Ti and Al is patterned by sequentially applying lithography and dry etching.
- a source electrode 122 and a drain electrode 123 having predetermined shapes are formed on the first barrier layer 105.
- the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 having a predetermined shape may be formed by sequentially applying a lithography method and a lift-off method.
- ohmic contact between the source electrode 122 and the drain electrode 123 and the first 2DEG 111 is formed by performing heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the gate electrode 121 is formed on the first barrier layer 105 by sequentially depositing TiN and Al using a sputtering method, and then patterning the stacked film of TiN and Al by sequentially applying a lithography method and a dry etching method.
- the gate electrode 121 having a predetermined shape may be formed by sequentially applying a lithography method and a lift-off method.
- the second recess portion 108A or 108B or the third recess portion 109 may be formed before forming the gate electrode 121.
- the second recess portion 108A or 108B or the third recess portion 109 is formed, similarly to the first recess portion 107, by sequentially performing resist application and patterning, etching, and resist removal. Thereby, the semiconductor device 100A, 100B, or 400A shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, or FIG. 12 can be formed.
- the semiconductor device according to the present disclosure is useful for communication devices and inverters that require high-speed operation, power switching elements used in power supply circuits, and the like.
Landscapes
- Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
まず、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置について、図1を用いて説明する。図1は、実施の形態1に係る半導体装置100の構成を示す断面図である。
実施例1では、第2バリア層106の格子定数平均値は、チャネル層104の格子定数平均値より小さく、第1バリア層105の格子定数平均値より大きい。すなわち、格子定数平均値に関して、以下の関係式(1)が成立している。
III族窒化物半導体では、In組成率が高くなる程、格子定数平均値が大きくなる。一方で、Al組成率またはGa組成率が高くなる程、格子定数平均値が小さくなる。AlとGaとで比較すると、Ga組成率が高くなる程、格子定数平均値が大きくなる。Al組成率が高くなる程、格子定数平均値が小さくなる。例えば、AlN、GaN、InNの各々の格子定数平均値は、AlN<GaN<InNの関係を満たしている。なお、バンドギャップは、格子定数平均値とは逆の関係を有する。すなわち、AlN、GaN、InNの各々のバンドギャップは、AlN>GaN>InNの関係を満たしている。
実施例2では、チャネル層104の格子定数平均値は、第2バリア層106の格子定数平均値より小さく、第1バリア層105の格子定数平均値以上である。すなわち、格子定数平均値に関して、以下の関係式(2)が成立している。
実施例2では、第1バリア層105および第2バリア層106がそれぞれ、AlおよびInを含むIII族窒化物半導体からなる。具体的には、第1バリア層105は、厚さが5nmで、In組成率が6%、Al組成率が83%のIn0.6Al0.83Ga0.11Nによって構成される。また、第2バリア層106は、厚さが5nmで、In組成率が24%、Al組成率が65%のIn0.24Al0.65Ga0.11Nによって構成される。
続いて、実施の形態1の変形例について説明する。
続いて、実施の形態2について説明する。
続いて、実施の形態2の変形例について説明する。
続いて、実施の形態3について説明する。
続いて、実施の形態3の変形例について説明する。
続いて、実施の形態4について説明する。
続いて、実施の形態4の変形例について説明する。
続いて、上述した各実施の形態および各変形例に係る半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。以下では、図1に示した実施の形態1に係る半導体装置100の製造方法を中心に説明を行う。なお、実施の形態の実施例1と実施例2との製造方法は、チャネル層104、第1バリア層105、第2バリア層106の厚さやAl組成率およびIn組成率のみが異なるため、実施例1で代表して説明をする。
以上、1つまたは複数の態様に係る半導体装置について、実施の形態に基づいて説明したが、本開示は、これらの実施の形態に限定されるものではない。例えば、実施の形態に対して当業者が思いつく各種変形を施して得られる形態や、本開示の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で実施の形態における構成要素および機能を任意に組み合わせることで実現される形態も本開示の範囲内に含まれる。
101 基板
102 バッファ層
103 バックバリア層
104 チャネル層
105 第1バリア層
105a スペーサ層
105b バリア層
106 第2バリア層
106A 窒化物半導体層
106a 薄膜部
106b 厚膜部
107 第1リセス部
108A、108B 第2リセス部
109 第3リセス部
111 第1の2DEG
112 第2の2DEG
113 第3の2DEG
114 第4の2DEG
121 ゲート電極
122 ソース電極
123 ドレイン電極
Claims (13)
- 基板と、
前記基板の上方に設けられた、III族窒化物半導体からなるバックバリア層と、
前記バックバリア層の上方に設けられ、ガリウム窒化物半導体からなり、前記バックバリア層よりバンドギャップが小さいチャネル層と、
前記チャネル層の上方に設けられ、Alを含むIII族窒化物半導体からなり、前記チャネル層よりバンドギャップが大きい第1バリア層と、
前記チャネル層の上面に設けられた第1リセス部を埋めるように設けられ、Alを含むIII族窒化物半導体からなり、前記チャネル層よりバンドギャップが大きい第2バリア層と、
前記チャネル層と前記第1バリア層または前記第2バリア層との界面の前記チャネル層側に発生する二次元電子ガスと、
前記第1バリア層の上方に間隔を空けて設けられ、それぞれが前記二次元電子ガスに電気的に接続されたソース電極およびドレイン電極と、
前記ソース電極および前記ドレイン電極と間隔を空けて、前記第2バリア層の上方に設けられたゲート電極と、を備え、
前記第1バリア層のIn組成率は、0以上、前記第2バリア層のIn組成率未満であり、
前記第1バリア層のAl組成率は、前記第2バリア層のAl組成率以上である、
半導体装置。 - 前記第2バリア層の格子定数平均値は、前記チャネル層の格子定数平均値より小さく、前記第1バリア層の格子定数平均値より大きい、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記チャネル層の格子定数平均値は、前記第2バリア層の格子定数平均値より小さく、前記第1バリア層の格子定数平均値以上である、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記ゲート電極の下方の前記第1バリア層の上面には第2リセス部が設けられ、
前記ゲート電極は、前記第2リセス部の底面に接触している、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第2リセス部は、前記第1バリア層を貫通し、
前記ゲート電極は、前記第2バリア層に接触している、
請求項4に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記基板の平面視において、前記第2バリア層は、前記ゲート電極の前記ドレイン電極側端から前記ドレイン電極側に有限の第1長さ分張り出している、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記平面視において、前記第2バリア層は、前記ゲート電極の前記ソース電極側端から前記ソース電極側に有限の第2長さ分張り出しており、
前記第1長さは、前記第2長さより長い、
請求項6に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記基板の平面視において、前記ゲート電極は、前記第2バリア層の前記ソース電極側端よりも前記ソース電極側に張り出している、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記平面視において、前記ゲート電極は、前記第2バリア層の前記ドレイン電極側端よりも前記ドレイン電極側に張り出している、
請求項8に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第2バリア層の厚さは、前記平面視における、前記ゲート電極の前記ドレイン電極側端位置の方が、前記ゲート電極の前記ソース電極側端位置よりも厚い、
請求項6または7に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第2バリア層の前記ソース電極側または前記ドレイン電極側の側面は、前記第1バリア層の下面との間隔が前記第2バリア層の端部から中心部に向かって広がるように傾斜しており、
前記側面と前記下面とが為す角は、鋭角である、
請求項6または7に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1バリア層は、最下層にスペーサ層を含む複数層で構成されており、
前記スペーサ層のバンドギャップは、前記第1バリア層内の前記スペーサ層以外のいずれかの層のバンドギャップより大きい、
請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記ゲート電極の下方の前記第1バリア層の上面には前記スペーサ層に至る第3リセス部が設けられ、
前記ゲート電極は、前記第3リセス部の底面に接触している、
請求項12に記載の半導体装置。
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