WO2023176450A1 - 複合材及び複合材の製造方法並びに金型 - Google Patents
複合材及び複合材の製造方法並びに金型 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023176450A1 WO2023176450A1 PCT/JP2023/007543 JP2023007543W WO2023176450A1 WO 2023176450 A1 WO2023176450 A1 WO 2023176450A1 JP 2023007543 W JP2023007543 W JP 2023007543W WO 2023176450 A1 WO2023176450 A1 WO 2023176450A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- melting point
- point metal
- high melting
- built
- alloy
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 342
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 283
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/008—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression characterised by the composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
- B23K2101/35—Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material, a method for manufacturing the composite material, and a mold using the composite material, and for example, a composite material and a method for manufacturing the composite material suitable for a mold such as a casting mold used for casting aluminum alloy. and related to molds.
- heat-resistant metal materials such as JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) SKD61 are used.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
- SKD61 heat-resistant metal materials
- damage or deformation may occur.
- melting damage, galling, etc. causes of damage when using a mold.
- the repair material is preferably an alloy having a high melting point and heat resistance such as erosion resistance.
- the alloy disclosed in Patent Document 1 is disclosed to have a high melting point, excellent creep strength, and exhibits heat resistance.
- high melting point metals such as the alloy disclosed in Patent Document 1 have a high melting point, it is difficult to manufacture structures such as molds by casting methods. Therefore, when manufacturing a structure from such a high melting point metal, it is often manufactured by a sintering method as disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the sintering method can easily manufacture an entire structure from one type of metal, it is not suitable for manufacturing a structure by combining different metals. This is because cracks may occur due to thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between dissimilar metals.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a composite material that exhibits durability even when used in high-temperature environments and contributes to cost reduction, and a manufacturing method that can easily produce this composite material.
- the present invention also aims to provide a mold using this composite material.
- the composite material of the present invention has a built-up part containing a high-melting point metal on at least a part of the surface of a low-melting point alloy member having a melting point of 1600°C or less, and the built-up part containing a high-melting point metal is characterized in that high melting point metal particles containing a high melting point metal element having a melting point of 2400° C. or higher are dispersed, and 40% or more of the high melting point metal particles have a circularity of 0.7 or higher.
- a high melting point alloy member having a melting point of 2400°C or higher is melted.
- the method is characterized by comprising a step of forming.
- the mold of the present invention is characterized by using the above-mentioned composite material.
- the composite material of the present invention by partially providing a high-melting point metal-containing built-up part containing a high-melting point metal element in the form of particles, it exhibits durability even when used in high-temperature environments and is low cost. It can also contribute to Furthermore, this composite material is easy to manufacture and can provide a mold suitable for use in high-temperature environments.
- 1 is an optical micrograph at a magnification of 30 times showing the entire high-melting point metal-containing built-up part in Example 1.
- 1 is an optical micrograph at a magnification of 500 times showing high melting point metal particles in a built-up part containing a high melting point metal in Example 1. It is an optical micrograph at a magnification of 500 times showing high melting point metal particles of a high melting point metal-containing built-up part in a reference example.
- 2 is an optical micrograph at a magnification of 500 times showing high melting point metal particles in a built-up part containing a high melting point metal in Example 2.
- 3 is an optical micrograph at a magnification of 500 times showing high melting point metal particles in a built-up part containing a high melting point metal in Example 3.
- ⁇ is used to include the numerical values described before and after it as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the upper limit or lower limit described in one numerical range may be replaced with another upper limit or lower limit described stepwise.
- the upper and lower limits of the numerical ranges described in this specification may be replaced with the values shown in the examples.
- the materials may be selected singly or in combination, as long as they do not contradict the content disclosed in this specification. Further, materials other than the material groups exemplified below may be selected within a range that does not contradict the content disclosed in this specification.
- the composite material of the embodiment has a built-up part containing a high-melting point metal on at least a part of the surface of a low-melting point alloy member having a melting point of 1600°C or lower, and this built-up part containing a high-melting point metal has a melting point of 2400°C or higher.
- High melting point metal particles containing a high melting point metal element are dispersed, and 40% or more of the high melting point metal particles have a circularity of 0.7 or more.
- the "high melting point metal-containing built-up part” is a built-up part in which high-melting point metal particles containing, for example, 90% by mass or more of a high-melting point metal element are dispersed, and the melting point of the high-melting point metal-containing built-up part itself is It doesn't mean it's expensive.
- the low melting point alloy member corresponds to, for example, the mold base material.
- This composite material has, for example, a refractory metal-containing built-up part on at least a portion of the surface of the mold base material, in which a high melting point metal element is contained in a large amount in highly circular refractory metal particles. . Therefore, it is not necessary to manufacture the entire structure such as a mold using a high melting point metal, and only the parts that are likely to be damaged or deformed can be formed using a high melting point metal.
- high melting point metals that are difficult to apply to structures such as molds can be used as part of the material of the structure, and the structure can be made to have a high melting point and excellent heat resistance, as well as being able to withstand high temperature environments. Damage and deformation can be suppressed.
- the low melting point alloy member is not particularly limited as long as it contains an alloy with a melting point of 1600°C or less (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "low melting point alloy"), but at least the preheating temperature (300°C to 300°C) described below is A member containing a low melting point alloy having a melting point of 700° C. or higher is preferred.
- the low melting point alloy member for example, a member containing any one type of low melting point alloy such as a Fe-based alloy, a Ni-based alloy, a Co-based alloy, a Ti-based alloy, a Cr-based alloy, and a high entropy alloy is preferable.
- low melting point alloys are easy to manufacture as alloys with a melting point of 1600°C or less, so the molten pool can be created by applying energy (hereinafter referred to as thermal energy) such as an arc, laser, or electron beam. Easy to form.
- thermal energy such as an arc, laser, or electron beam.
- the low melting point alloy member among these, a member containing an Fe-based alloy is preferable.
- the Fe-based alloy is not particularly limited as long as it contains Fe, but for example, it contains 50% by mass or more of Fe and also contains nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), Tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), hafnium (Hf), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), It is an alloy containing one or more elements selected from lanthanum (La), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), boron (B), etc.
- the composition of the low melting point alloy member includes, for example, 50% by mass or more of Fe, 18.0% by mass or more and 19.0% by mass or less of Ni, and 8% by mass of Co. .5 mass% or more and 9.5 mass% or less, Mo 4.7 mass% or more and 5.2 mass% or less, Al 0.05 mass% or more and 0.15 mass% or less, Ti 0.5 mass% or more Mn is 0.1% by mass or less, Si is 0.1% by mass or less, P and S are 0.01% by mass or less, and C is 0.03% by mass or less.
- the Ni-based alloy is not particularly limited as long as it contains Ni, but for example, it contains 50% by mass or more of Ni and also contains chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), Niobium (Nb), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), zirconium (Zr), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), hafnium (Hf), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), It is an alloy containing one or more elements selected from lanthanum (La), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), boron (B), etc.
- the composition of the low melting point alloy member includes, for example, 50% by mass or more of Ni, 8% by mass or more of Cr and 22% by mass or less of Cr, and 28.5% by mass of Co.
- Mo is 14.5% by mass or less
- W is 12% by mass or less
- Nb is 5% by mass or less
- Al is 6.1% by mass or less
- Ti is 4.7% by mass or less
- Fe is 18.5% by mass.
- Zr is 0.1 mass% or less
- Ta is 4 mass% or less
- V is 1.0 mass% or less
- Hf is 1.3 mass% or less
- Mn is 0.05 mass% or more and 0.7 mass% or less.
- Si is 0.5% by mass or less
- La is 0.02% by mass or less
- Mg is 0.02% by mass or less
- C is 0.02% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less
- B is 0.05% by mass. It is as follows.
- the Co-based alloy is not particularly limited as long as it contains Co, but for example, it contains 50% by mass or more of Co and is selected from Cr, Ni, W, Mo, V, Fe, Mn, Si, C, etc. It is an alloy containing one or more types of elements.
- the low melting point alloy member is made of a Co-based alloy
- the composition of the low melting point alloy member includes, for example, 50% by mass or more of Co, 30% by mass or less of Cr, 22% by mass or less of Ni, and 15% by mass of W. % or less, Mo is 4.25% by mass or less, V is 1.7% by mass or less, Fe is 50% by mass or less, Mn is 2.0% by mass or less, Si is 1.0% by mass or less, C is 1.0% by mass or less. It is 1% by mass or less.
- the Ti-based alloy is not particularly limited as long as it contains Ti, but includes, for example, 50% by mass or more of Ti and also includes Fe, Cr, W, Mo, Nb, Al, Zr, Ta, V, Y, It is an alloy containing one or more elements selected from Sn, Cu, Mn, Si, C, N, O, H, etc.
- the low melting point alloy member is made of a Ti-based alloy
- the composition of the low melting point alloy member includes, for example, 50% by mass or more of Ti, 5.50% by mass or more and 6.75% by mass of Al, and 3% by mass of V. .5% by mass or more and 4.5% by mass or less, Fe 0.3% by mass or less, C 0.08% by mass or less, O 0.2% by mass or less, N 0.05% by mass or less, H It is 0.015% by mass or less.
- the method of manufacturing the low melting point alloy member is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a casting method, an additive manufacturing method, and the like.
- the high melting point metal-containing built-up part has high melting point metal particles containing a high melting point metal element having a melting point of 2400°C or higher dispersed therein, and the high melting point metal particles have a melting point of 2400°C or higher.
- the above high melting point metal elements are contained in a content of, for example, 90% by mass or more.
- the high melting point metal-containing metal particles contain 40% or more of particles having a relatively high circularity of 0.7 or more. This improves the fatigue strength, etc. of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal.
- the high melting point metal-containing built-up portion contains the high melting point metal element in a range of 50% by mass to 95% by mass.
- the high melting point metal-containing built-up part improves corrosion resistance and the like by containing a high melting point metal element in a range of 50% by mass to 95% by mass.
- the high melting point metal element is less than 50% by mass, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- circularity will be described in Examples below, but is measured by the following method.
- Circularity was determined by binarizing tungsten particles and non-tungsten particles by image processing using image analysis software (“A-zo-kun ver. 2.5” manufactured by Asahi Kasei Engineering Co., Ltd.) of an optical microscope image observed at a magnification of 500 times.
- the circularity is calculated from the area and perimeter using the following formula (3).
- Circularity 4 x ⁇ x (area of high melting point metal particles) / (perimeter length of high melting point metal particles) 2 ... (3)
- the circularity of the high melting point metal particles at each imaging position is analyzed, the circularity at the two locations and the number of particles are summed, and the ratio for each circularity is calculated.
- the composite material preferably has a depth from the surface of the high melting point metal-containing built-up part (i.e., the thickness of the high-melting point metal-containing built-up part) of 300 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or more, More preferably, the thickness is 600 ⁇ m or more.
- the build-up depth from the surface of the high-melting point metal-containing built-up portion refers to the depth of the high-melting point metal-containing built-up portion from the surface of the high-melting point metal-containing built-up portion.
- Al melt loss may progress locally depending on usage conditions, and when the local melt loss reaches the base material component, the melt loss rapidly progresses from there.
- the Rockwell hardness of the built-up part containing the high melting point metal is preferably 40 HRC or more, or the Vickers hardness is preferably 300 Hv or more, and more preferably 400 Hv or more. This is because the effect of suppressing deformation at high temperatures becomes significant.
- FIG. 1 is an image showing the melting and solidifying structure of a built-up part containing a high-melting point metal in an example of a composite material according to an embodiment, in which a cross section perpendicular to the traveling direction of the bead (built-up part containing a high-melting point metal) is cut. This is an image obtained by cutting out the specimen, mirror polishing it, and observing the cross section after polishing.
- FIG. 1A is an observed image showing the entire built-up part containing a high-melting point metal
- FIG. 1B is an observed image showing high-melting point metal particles in the built-up part containing a high-melting point metal. As shown in FIG.
- the high melting point metal-containing built-up part 1 has high melting point metal particles 2 with a relatively high degree of circularity, specifically, a degree of circularity of 0.7 or more, in the melted and solidified structure of the low melting point alloy.
- the melted and solidified structure includes high melting point metal particles 2 and a binder phase 3 surrounding the high melting point metal particles 2.
- the high melting point metal particles 2 are not particularly limited as long as they contain, for example, 90% by mass or more of a high melting point metal element with a melting point of 2400° C. or higher, but are, for example, body-centered cubic (BCC) particles. ) and containing 90% by mass or more of high melting point metal elements such as W (melting point: 3422°C), Ta (melting point: 3020°C), Mo (melting point: 2623°C), Nb (melting point: 2469°C) It is.
- BCC body-centered cubic
- the binder phase 3 is, for example, one of the above-mentioned low melting point alloys such as Fe-based alloys, Ni-based alloys, Co-based alloys, Ti-based alloys, Cr-based alloys, and high-entropy alloys, and is included in the high-melting point metal particles 2. This is a phase in which high melting point metal elements are partially dissolved in solid solution.
- the binder phase 3 may be further divided into two or three phases depending on the combination of the low melting point alloy and the high melting point metal particles 2, manufacturing conditions, etc.
- the binder phase 3 When the binder phase 3 is divided into two or more phases, at least one phase of a solid solution phase consisting of a face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and a solid solution phase consisting of a BCC phase, and high melting point metal particles. It is often divided into a phase of one or more types of intermetallic compounds (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "intermetallic compounds") containing 30% by mass or more of high melting point metal elements contained in In this case, since the binder phase 3 contains an intermetallic compound with a high melting point, heat resistance is improved and deformation and melting loss are less likely to occur.
- intermetallic compounds hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "intermetallic compounds”
- the crystal structure of the high melting point intermetallic compound changes depending on the combination of the low melting point alloy and the high melting point metal particles 2, but for example, the crystal structure of the high melting point intermetallic compound varies depending on the combination of the low melting point alloy and the high melting point metal particles 2, but for example, it has a ⁇ phase (Fe 7 W 6 ) indicated by space group R-3m, : Laves C14 phase (Fe 2 W) represented by P63/mmc.
- the binder phase 3 may have a dendrite structure specific to a melt-solidified structure. A dendrite structure is not confirmed in a sintered body produced by a sintering method, but is confirmed in a built-up part produced by an additive manufacturing method involving melting and solidification.
- the solid solution phase is an FCC phase which has better toughness than a BCC phase, the toughness of the built-up part is higher and cracks are less likely to occur during modeling.
- the high melting point metal-containing built-up part has the above-mentioned intermetallic compound, and the total area ratio of the high-melting point metal particles and the intermetallic compound in the cross section of the high-melting point metal-containing built-up part is 20% or more.
- Both high melting point metal particles and intermetallic compounds have high melting points, hardness, and chemical stability, so if their total area ratio is 20% or more, the durability of the composite material will be significantly improved. .
- high melting point metal particles are particles that contain almost no other elements, they have the advantage of high thermal conductivity.
- the total area ratio of high-melting point metal particles and intermetallic compounds in the cross section of the built-up part containing a high-melting point metal refers to the cross-section of the built-up part containing a high-melting point metal (e.g., Refers to the area ratio in a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the high melting point metal particles are not particularly limited as long as they contain, for example, 90% by mass or more of a high melting point metal element with a melting point of 2400° C. or higher, but for example, at least one of W, Ta, Mo, and Nb. Among these, particles containing 90% by mass or more of the at least one kind of high-melting point metal element are preferable, and particles containing 90% by mass or more of W are particularly preferable. This is because W has a high thermal conductivity, so the thermal conductivity can be improved.
- the high melting point metal particles may contain V and/or Cr in addition to the high melting point metal element.
- the method for producing a composite material of the embodiment includes applying thermal energy to the surface of a low melting point alloy member having a melting point of 1600°C or lower to melt the low melting point alloy member while melting a high melting point metal element having a melting point of 2400°C or higher.
- high-melting point metal powder By supplying raw material powder containing spherical high-melting point metal particles to the surface of the low-melting point alloy member, at least a portion of the raw material powder having the high-melting point metal particles (referred to as high-melting point metal powder) is It is characterized by comprising a step of forming a built-up part containing a high melting point metal in which high melting point metal particles that remain approximately spherical (circularity of 0.7 or more) are dispersed without being dissolved in the low melting point alloy. do. In this step, raw material powder containing high melting point metal powder is supplied to the molten pool while melting at least a portion of the low melting point alloy member by applying thermal energy to at least a portion of the surface of the low melting point alloy member.
- At least a part of the high melting point metal powder is not dissolved in the low melting point alloy, and a high melting point metal powder containing at least a part of the high melting point metal powder is melted.
- a built-up part containing a high melting point metal is formed in which melting point metal particles are dispersed. What is important at this time is to add high melting point metal powder that has a relatively large difference in melting point from the melting point of the low melting point alloy member. It can be made to remain in the form of high melting point metal particles in the built-up part containing the high melting point metal without forming a solid solution.
- High melting point metal particles have excellent hardness, heat resistance, and thermal conductivity, so they can improve the heat resistance and thermal conductivity of composite materials. Note that in this step, a small amount (for example, about several mass %) of a metal element constituting the low melting point alloy (for example, Fe, etc.) may be solidly dissolved in the high melting point metal particles, but there is no particular problem.
- a metal element constituting the low melting point alloy for example, Fe, etc.
- the low melting point alloy member used in the method for manufacturing the composite material is the same as that explained in the item of [Low melting point alloy member] above, so the explanation here will be omitted.
- the high melting point metal powder is not particularly limited as long as it is a powder containing high melting point metal particles with a melting point of 2400°C or higher, and may contain one or more types of powders containing high melting point metals. Examples of such high melting point metal powders include powders containing at least one kind of high melting point metal such as W, Ta, Mo, and Nb. A powder containing at least one of Nb and Nb is preferred, and a W powder is particularly preferred. Furthermore, powders containing other metals can be added to these high melting point metal powders, such as powders containing V and/or Cr.
- a low melting point alloy powder having a melting point of 1600° C. or less is used as the raw material powder. It is also possible to provide a powder that further contains. When overlaying only with high melting point metal powder, the more the number of layers to be overlaid increases, the higher the melting point of the part of the part to be overlaid becomes, making it difficult to build by overlaying.
- the low melting point alloy powder is not particularly limited as long as it is a powder containing a low melting point alloy with a melting point of 1600° C. or less, and may contain one or more types of powders containing a low melting point alloy.
- Such low melting point alloy powder is preferably a powder containing any one of low melting point alloys such as Fe-based alloys, Ni-based alloys, Co-based alloys, Ti-based alloys, Cr-based alloys, and high-entropy alloys. Among these, powders containing Fe-based alloys are preferred.
- Ni-based alloys have poorer Al corrosion resistance than Fe-based alloys
- Co-based alloys and Ti-based alloys have a BCC phase when mixed with mold materials. This is because brittle structures such as ordered phases and intermetallic compounds are likely to be generated.
- the high-melting point metal-containing built-up part is formed while preheating the low-melting point alloy member to 300°C to 700°C. A method of doing so is preferred. This is because cracks in the composite material can be suppressed.
- the low melting point alloy is heated by applying thermal energy to the surface of the low melting point alloy member before the step of forming the high melting point metal-containing built-up part.
- the method further comprises a step of forming a low melting point built-up portion by supplying a raw material powder containing a low melting point alloy powder having a melting point of 1600° C. or lower to the surface of the low melting point alloy member while melting the low melting point alloy powder.
- the high-melting point metal-containing built-up part is formed on the surface of the low-melting point built-up part of the low-melting point alloy member.
- a method of forming is preferred.
- the method for manufacturing this composite material after the step of forming the high melting point metal-containing built-up part, thermal energy is applied to the surface of the high-melting point metal-containing built-up part, so that the high melting point
- the method further comprises the step of forming a low melting point built-up part by supplying raw material powder containing the low melting point alloy powder to the surface of the high melting point metal-containing built-up part while melting the metal-containing built-up part.
- a method is preferred in which the high melting point metal-containing build-up portion and the low melting point build-up portion are alternately laminated on the surface of the low melting point alloy member. This is because even if the number of laminated layers increases, it is possible to suppress the increase in the melting point of the part of the member to be overlaid, so that five or more layers can be laminated.
- the low melting point alloy member is preheated to 300°C to 700°C while forming the low melting point built-up part. preferable. This is because cracks in the composite material can be suppressed.
- the high melting point metal powder In order to disperse high melting point metal particles having a circularity of 0.7 or more in the built-up part containing a high melting point metal, it is preferable that the high melting point metal powder has high sphericity.
- the sphericity is increased by thermal plasma droplet refining (PDR) or the like. This is because powder supply can be made more stable by improving the fluidity of the powder.
- the average particle size of the powder is not particularly limited as long as it is a powder that can be supplied as a powder since it is used in a powder overlay method, but it may be 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m for easy powder supply.
- the thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size is indicated by the particle size d50 corresponding to an integration frequency of 50% by volume in an integrated distribution curve showing the relationship between the particle size and volume integration from the small particle size side.
- the high melting point metal powder is not limited to powder containing only a high melting point metal, but may include adding a small amount of low melting point metal such as Ni, Co, Fe, etc. as a binder to the powder containing a high melting point metal. It may also be a granulated powder prepared by.
- the manufacturing method of the high melting point metal powder is not particularly limited, but can be manufactured by, for example, thermal plasma droplet refining (PDR), water atomization method, gas atomization method, jet atomization method, etc. .
- PDR thermal plasma droplet refining
- the high melting point metal powder can be produced by a reduction method in which the powder is produced by reducing a compound such as an oxide as a raw material.
- a spherical powder that is close to a perfect sphere can be obtained by melting and solidifying the powder using thermal plasma. This is understood to be due to the droplet becoming spherical due to surface tension when it is ejected.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or a high-pressure gas such as air is used as the atomization medium.
- Powder obtained by gas atomization tends to be spherical. It is understood that this is mainly due to the fact that the cooling rate of gas is lower than that of water, which causes the molten droplets to become spherical due to surface tension before they solidify.
- a combustion flame such as kerosene is used as the atomizing medium, for example.
- a high-speed, high-temperature flame jet that exceeds the speed of sound is injected into a molten metal to accelerate the molten metal for a relatively long time and pulverize it to produce powder.
- Powder obtained by jet atomization tends to be spherical, and a finer particle size distribution can be obtained.
- Method of overlaying alloy powder As a method of overlaying powders such as high melting point metal powders and low melting point alloy powders, overlay parts such as high melting point metal-containing overlay parts and low melting point overlay parts can be formed on the surface of the component to be overlaid.
- the build-up method for example, plasma powder build-up welding, laser powder build-up welding, etc. can be used. Note that the plasma powder build-up welding method and the laser powder build-up welding method can be said to be a type of additive manufacturing method.
- the plasma powder build-up welding method uses plasma as a heat source.
- plasma powder build-up welding method since welding is performed in an inert argon atmosphere, a build-up part with a smooth surface and few pores can be formed inside.
- Laser powder overlay welding uses a laser as a thermal energy source.
- the laser powder overlay welding method has the advantage of being able to overlay even if the member to be overlaid is thin, since the heat input area can be narrowed. Furthermore, in the laser powder overlay welding method, the temperature increase area of the part to be built up is narrow, so the temperature gradient of the part becomes large, and the temperature of the part to be built up rapidly decreases after the laser beam passes through it. occurs and is rapidly cooled. Therefore, the laser powder build-up welding method has a fast solidification rate during melting and solidification, and is therefore advantageous for refining the dendrite structure.
- LMD Laser metal deposition
- LMD forms a built-up part by supplying raw material powder to the surface of the member to be built-up while melting the surface of the member to be built-up by irradiating it with a laser beam.
- the powder welding method involves preheating the part to be overlaid (for example, a member such as a mold) to 300°C to 700°C, depending on the material and shape of the part to be overlayed. A raised portion may also be formed. By preheating, deformation caused by overlay and cracking of the overlay can be suppressed.
- the preheating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methods of preheating using high-frequency induction heating, a gas burner, an infrared electric heater, a heating furnace, electron beam or laser irradiation, and the like.
- the raw material powder for the built-up portion an alloy powder manufactured by the method described above or a method other than the method described above can be used.
- high-melting point metals may be used depending on the need, such as the ease of damage or deformation in each area of the structure such as a mold. Particles with different content ratios, types, etc. can be formed on each area of the surface of the member to be overlaid.
- the surface of the part to be overlaid (for example, the surface that contacts the molten metal in a casting mold, the surface in contact with the molten metal in a press)
- an appropriate overlay in an appropriate area of the processing surface for example, the processing surface that contacts the processing material in the case of a forging die
- a surface hardening treatment using a diffusion phenomenon such as a nitriding treatment or a carburizing treatment may be applied to required portions or the entire composite material.
- a nitriding treatment for example, radical nitriding, gas nitriding, plasma ion nitriding, etc. can be used.
- the nitriding treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature of 600°C or lower, more preferably 550°C or lower. Further, if the temperature of the nitriding treatment is too low, it is difficult to form a nitrided layer, so the nitriding treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 400° C. or higher.
- the use of the composite material is not particularly limited as long as it is a structure that can use the composite material, but molds such as casting molds are preferred, and among them, it is suitable for low pressure casting, gravity casting, die casting, etc. of aluminum alloys.
- the casting mold used is preferred, and the casting mold used for die-casting aluminum alloys is particularly preferred. This is because these casting molds can significantly improve the erosion resistance.
- the mold for casting aluminum alloys is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include low-pressure casting molds for molding aluminum wheels, casting molds for molding aluminum cylinder heads of engines, and the like.
- composite materials can be widely used in structures that are required to withstand high temperatures; for example, they can be used in bearings that can generate frictional heat during high-speed rotation. I can do it.
- composite materials can be used for structures such as casting molds that are newly manufactured from materials, or for areas where the surface of structures such as casting molds has been damaged or deformed (low melting point alloys). It may be a repaired structure that is repaired by forming a built-up part containing a high melting point metal on at least a part of the surface of the member.
- the composite material manufacturing method can be used to manufacture new structures such as casting molds, or to apply refractory metals to damaged or deformed parts of structures such as casting molds.
- a method of manufacturing a repaired structure repaired by forming a built-up part may also be used.
- Example 1 First, a plate material of an Fe-based alloy (melting point: about 1540° C.) shown in Table 1 was prepared. Values are mass %.
- pure tungsten powder high melting point metal powder
- pure tungsten powder consisting only of W was supplied to a part of the surface of the prepared Fe-based alloy plate M1 (low melting point alloy member) using laser metal deposition (LMD).
- LMD laser metal deposition
- a composite material with one layer built-up was manufactured and additive manufacturing was performed.
- a composite material C1 was produced using spherical pure tungsten powder with an average particle size of 25 ⁇ m produced by thermal plasma droplet refining (PDR).
- PDR thermal plasma droplet refining
- a composite material C2 was manufactured using pulverized pure tungsten powder with a particle size of 53 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 pure tungsten powder (raw material powder) was melted by irradiating the surface of the Fe-based alloy plate M1 with a laser beam. The process of supplying the metal to the surface and building it up was performed only once to form a single layer of built-up part containing a high melting point metal. Note that Lasertec 65-3D manufactured by DMG Mori Seiki Co., Ltd. was used as the additive manufacturing device.
- the powder overlay conditions were as follows.
- Example 1 Optical microscope observation and circularity
- a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the bead (high melting point metal-containing overlay part) was cut out, mirror polished, and the polished cross section was examined using an optical microscope. I observed it.
- FIG. 1B shows an example
- FIG. 2 shows a reference example, which are optical microscope images at a magnification of 500 times.
- the bead high-melting point metal-containing built-up part 1
- gray particles are dispersed in both FIGS. 1B and 2.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of the circularity of tungsten particles (high melting point metal particles) in Example 1 and Reference Example.
- the circularity ratio of 0.7 to 1.0 was 62%. This can be said to be a direct reflection of the shape of the spherical tungsten particles.
- the circularity ratio of 0.7 to 1.0 was as low as 26%.
- the area ratio of tungsten particles was 32% in Example 1 and 30% in Reference Example, which were almost the same.
- the depth of the built-up portion containing a high melting point metal from the surface of the plate material (low melting point alloy member) was approximately 900 to 950 ⁇ m in Example 1 and 550 to 600 ⁇ m in Reference Example.
- Example 1 the Vickers hardness (Hv1) of the high melting point metal-containing built-up part and the Fe-based alloy part at room temperature was measured. Specifically, first, one surface of the refractory metal-containing built-up part and the Fe-based alloy part was mirror-polished, and then the hardness of that surface was measured. The hardness measurement conditions were as follows, and the average of the five measurements was taken as the hardness. ⁇ Hardness measurement conditions> Device model: Microhardness tester manufactured by Future Tech Co., Ltd. Indentation load: 1000gf Holding time: 15 seconds
- the Vickers hardness of the Fe-based alloy part of Example 1 was 592 Hv
- the Vickers hardness of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal was 402 Hv
- the Vickers hardness of the Fe-based alloy part of the reference example was 591 Hv
- the Vickers hardness of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal was 592 Hv.
- the Vickers hardness of the built-up portion was 354 Hv.
- Table 6 An example of a conventional alloy is DENSIMET185 manufactured by Plansee in Austria (DENSIMET is a registered trademark of Plansee).
- Example 1 Since the hardness of the built-up part using this alloy is about 392 Hv, it can be said that higher hardness was obtained only due to residual dispersion of tungsten particles. In addition, since the build-up part is greatly affected by heat, it is usually difficult to obtain hardness, but it can be said that both Example 1 and the reference example have a hardness that can be used practically as a repair material for molds. Among them, Example 1, which contains many tungsten particles with high circularity, has higher hardness and is more effective.
- Example 2 A Fe-based alloy plate M2 shown in Table 3 was prepared. Values are mass %. Next, a composite material C3 was manufactured by applying pure tungsten powder to a part of the surface of the Fe-based alloy plate M2 using laser metal deposition (LMD) to build up one layer. The same pure tungsten powder as in Example 1 was used. Further, the additive manufacturing equipment, powder overlay conditions, etc. were the same as in Example 1.
- LMD laser metal deposition
- Example 2 similarly to Example 1, the built-up part containing a high melting point metal was observed using an optical microscope. In order to make it easier to observe the built-up part containing a high melting point metal, it was first immersed in a nital solution consisting of 3% nitric acid and 97% ethanol for about 10 seconds before observation. In Example 2 as well, it was confirmed that the tungsten particles 2 were dispersed as shown in FIG. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, the circularity of the tungsten particles and the Vickers hardness of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal were measured. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Example 3 A Ni-based alloy plate M3 shown in Table 4 was prepared. Values are mass %. Next, a composite material C5 was manufactured by using laser metal deposition (LMD) to supply pure tungsten powder to a part of the surface of the Ni-based alloy plate material M3 to build up one layer. The same pure tungsten powder as in Example 1 was used. Further, the additive manufacturing equipment, powder overlay conditions, etc. were the same as in Example 1.
- LMD laser metal deposition
- Example 2 the built-up part containing a high melting point metal was observed using an optical microscope. As shown in FIG. 4, it was confirmed that tungsten particles 2 were dispersed. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, the circularity of the tungsten particles and the Vickers hardness of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal were measured. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Table 5 shows the results of measuring the circularity of the composite materials of Examples 2 and 3. In both Examples 2 and 3, circularity of 0.7 or more accounted for 40% or more.
- Example 3 was an alloy containing a large amount of Ni, it is assumed that most of the heat input energy by the laser was used to melt the plate material, so that more tungsten particles remained.
- the area ratio of tungsten particles was 24% in Example 2 and 14% in Example 3.
- the depth of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal from the surface of the plate material is approximately 450 to 460 ⁇ m in Example 2, and approximately 1100 to 1130 ⁇ m in Example 3, and is 300 ⁇ m or more in both Examples 1 to 3. This was confirmed.
- Table 6 shows the results of measuring Vickers hardness.
- the Vickers hardness of the Fe-based alloy part of Example 2 was 465 Hv, and the Vickers hardness of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal was 531 Hv.
- the hardness of the Ni-based alloy part of Example 3 was 208 Hv, and the Vickers hardness of the built-up part containing a high melting point metal was 313 Hv.
- Both Example 2 and Example 3 showed higher hardness than the hardness of the built-up part of the conventional equivalent alloy.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and the present invention has substantially the same technical idea as described in the claims of the present invention. Anything that has the same functions and effects as above is included within the technical scope of the present invention, and includes various modifications.
- the embodiments are described in detail to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to having all the configurations described.
- it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment.
- High melting point metal-containing overlay part 2 High melting point metal particles 3: Binding phase M1, M2, M3: Plate materials C1 to C5: Composite material
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Abstract
Description
実施形態の複合材は、融点が1600℃以下の低融点合金部材の表面の少なくとも一部に高融点金属含有肉盛部を有し、この高融点金属含有肉盛部は、融点が2400℃以上の高融点金属元素を含む高融点金属粒子が分散しており、この高融点金属粒子の40%以上は円形度が0.7以上であることを特徴とする。なお、「高融点金属含有肉盛部」は、高融点金属元素を、例えば、90質量%以上含む高融点金属粒子が分散する肉盛部であり、高融点金属含有肉盛部自体の融点が高いことを意味するものではない。
低融点合金部材は、融点が1600℃以下の合金(以下、「低融点合金」と略すことがある。)を含有する合金部材であれば特に限定されないが、少なくとも後述する予熱温度(300℃~700℃の範囲内の温度)以上の融点を有している低融点合金を含有する部材が好ましい。低融点合金部材としては、例えば、Fe基合金、Ni基合金、Co基合金、Ti基合金、Cr基合金及び高エントロピー合金等のいずれか1種の低融点合金を含有する部材が好ましい。これらの低融点合金は、融点が1600℃以下の合金として製造することが容易であるため、アーク、レーザ、電子ビーム等のエネルギー(以下、熱エネルギーと言う。)を付与することで溶融池を形成し易い。また、低融点合金部材としては、これらの中でも、Fe基合金を含有する部材が好ましい。
実施形態の複合材において、上記高融点金属含有肉盛部は、融点が2400℃以上の高融点金属元素を含む高融点金属粒子が分散しており、前記高融点金属粒子は、融点が2400℃以上の高融点金属元素を、例えば、90質量%以上の含有量で含む。また、前記高融点金属含有金属粒子は、円形度0.7以上の比較的円形度の高い粒子が40%以上含まれている。これにより高融点金属含有肉盛部の疲労強度等が向上する。他方、円形度0.7以上の金属粒子が40%未満だと、その効果が十分に得られない。
また、前記高融点金属含有肉盛部は、前記高融点金属元素を50質量%~95質量%の範囲で含む。高融点金属含有肉盛部は、高融点金属元素を50質量%~95質量%の範囲で含むことで耐溶損性等が向上する。他方、高融点金属元素が50質量%より少ないと、その効果が十分に得られない。
尚、円形度は下述する実施例でも述べるが、以下によって測定する。
円形度は、倍率500倍で観察した光学顕微鏡像を、画像解析ソフト(旭化成エンジニアリング製「A像くんver2.5」)を用いてタングステン粒子とタングステン粒子以外を画像処理で二値化し、タングステン粒子の面積や周囲長から、円形度を下記の式(3)を用いて算出する。
円形度=4×π×(高融点金属粒子の面積)/(高融点金属粒子の周囲の長さ)2・・(3)
そして、2か所で撮影した光学顕微鏡像について、各撮影位置での高融点金属粒子を円形度解析し、2か所の円形度と粒子数を合算し、円形度ごとの割合を算出する。
図1は、実施形態の複合材の一例における高融点金属含有肉盛部の溶融凝固組織を示す画像で、ビード(高融点金属含有肉盛部)のその進行方向に対して垂直な断面を切断により切り出し、鏡面研磨した後、その研磨後の断面について観察した像である。図1Aは高融点金属含有肉盛部の全体を示す観察像、図1Bは高融点金属含有肉盛部の高融点金属粒子を示す観察像である。図1Bに示すように、高融点金属含有肉盛部1は、低融点合金の溶融凝固組織中に比較的円形度の高い、具体的には円形度0.7以上の高融点金属粒子2が40%以上含まれるように分散しており、溶融凝固組織は高融点金属粒子2と高融点金属粒子2を取り囲む結合相3とを含む。
上記高融点金属含有肉盛部は、上記金属間化合物を有し、上記高融点金属含有肉盛部の断面における上記高融点金属粒子及び上記金属間化合物の合計の面積率が20%以上であるものが好ましい。高融点金属粒子と金属間化合物はいずれも融点が高く、硬度、化学的安定性が高いため、それらの合計の面積率が20%以上であれば、複合材の耐久性の向上が顕著となる。また、高融点金属粒子は、他の元素をほとんど含まない粒子であるため、熱伝導率が高いという利点がある。なお、「高融点金属含有肉盛部の断面における高融点金属粒子及び金属間化合物の合計の面積率」とは、高融点金属含有肉盛部の断面(例えば、高融点金属含有肉盛部の延設方向に対して垂直な断面)での面積率を指し、例えば、高融点金属含有肉盛部の切断により切り出した断面を、鏡面研磨した後に、走査型電子顕微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope:SEM)により観察した反射電子像に対し画像処理による二値化を行うことで算出することができる。また、高融点金属粒子の面積率については、光学顕微鏡による観察像からでも算出することができる。
実施形態の複合材の製造方法は、融点が1600℃以下の低融点合金部材の表面に熱エネルギーを付与することで上記低融点合金部材を溶融しながら、融点が2400℃以上の高融点金属元素を含み球形の高融点金属粒子を有する原料粉末を上記低融点合金部材の表面に供給することにより、上記高融点金属粒子を有する原料粉末(高融点金属粉末と言う。)の少なくとも一部を上記低融点合金に固溶させずに、略球形のまま(円形度としては0.7以上)の高融点金属粒子を分散させた高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する工程を備えることを特徴とする。この工程では、低融点合金部材の表面の少なくとも一部に熱エネルギーを付与することで上記低融点合金部材の少なくとも一部を溶融しながら、その溶融池に高融点金属粉末を含む原料粉末を供給することにより、低融点合金を溶融し、さらに低融点合金を凝固させることで高融点金属粉末の少なくとも一部を低融点合金に固溶させずに高融点金属粉末の当該少なくとも一部を含む高融点金属粒子を分散させた高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する。この際に重要なことは、低融点合金部材の融点との差が比較的大きい高融点金属粉末を投入することであり、この融点差が大きければ大きいほど、高融点金属粉末を低融点合金に固溶させずに高融点金属含有肉盛部に高融点金属粒子という形で残存させることができる。高融点金属粒子は、硬度、耐熱性と熱伝導性に優れているため、複合材の耐熱性と熱伝導率を向上させることができる。なお、この工程では、低融点合金を構成する金属元素(例えば、Fe等)が少量(例えば、数質量%程度)だけ高融点金属粒子に固溶する場合があるが、特段の問題はない。
実施形態の複合材の他の製造方法としては、上記高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する工程において、上記原料粉末として、上記高融点金属粉末に加え、融点が1600℃以下の低融点合金粉末をさらに含む粉末を供給する方法としてもよい。高融点金属粉末のみの肉盛りでは、肉盛りする層の積層数が増えるほど、肉盛りする対象となる部材の部位の融点が高くなり肉盛りによる造形が困難になるため、肉盛りにより1層から5層程度しか積層できないが、高融点金属粉末に加え低融点合金粉末をさらに含む粉末の肉盛りであれば、積層数が増えても、肉盛りする対象となる部材の部位の融点の上昇を抑制できる。これにより、肉盛りにより5層以上も積層できる。
実施形態の複合材のさらに他の製造方法としては、前記高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する工程の前に、前記低融点合金部材の表面に熱エネルギーを付与することで上記低融点合金を溶融しながら、融点が1600℃以下の低融点合金粉末を含む原料粉末を前記低融点合金部材の前記表面に供給することにより、低融点肉盛部を形成する工程をさらに備え、前記低融点肉盛部を前記低融点合金部材の一部とし、前記高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する工程において、前記低融点合金部材の前記低融点肉盛部の表面に前記高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する方法が好ましい。
また、この複合材の製造方法の変形例としては、前記高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する工程の後に、前記高融点金属含有肉盛部の表面に熱エネルギーを付与することで前記高融点金属含有肉盛部を溶融しながら、前記低融点合金粉末を含む原料粉末を前記高融点金属含有肉盛部の表面に供給することにより、低融点肉盛部を形成する工程をさらに備える方法であってもよい。さらに、この複合材の製造方法の変形例としては、上記低融点合金部材の上記表面に上記高融点金属含有肉盛部及び上記低融点肉盛部を交互に積層する方法が好ましい。積層数が増えても、肉盛りする対象となる部材の部位の融点の上昇を抑制できるので、5層以上も積層できるからである。
高融点金属含有肉盛部に円形度0.7以上の高融点金属粒子を分散させるため、高融点金属粉末は、真球度を高めたものが好ましい。例えば、熱プラズマ液滴精錬(PDR)等により真球度を高めたものが好ましい。粉末の流動性を向上されることで粉末供給をより安定させることができるからである。粉末の平均粒径は、粉体肉盛法で使用されるため粉末供給が可能な粉末であれば特に限定されないが、粉末供給が容易な1μm~200μmであればよい。好ましくは10μm~180μm、より好ましくは20μm~150μmである。尚、平均粒径は、粒子径と小粒子径側からの体積積算との関係を示す積算分布曲線において積算頻度50体積%に対応する粒径d50で示す。また、高融点金属粉末としては、高融点金属を含有する粉末のみを含むものに限定されず、高融点金属を含有する粉末に少量のNi、Co、Fe等の低融点金属をバインダーとして加えることで作製した造粒粉末でもよい。
高融点金属粉末、低融点合金粉末等の粉末の肉盛法としては、肉盛りする対象となる部材の表面に高融点金属含有肉盛部、低融点肉盛部等の肉盛部を形成可能な肉盛法であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、プラズマ粉体肉盛溶接法、レーザ粉体肉盛溶接法等を用いることができる。なお、プラズマ粉体肉盛溶接法、レーザ粉体肉盛溶接法は、付加製造法の一種と言える。
また、耐溶損性や表面硬さを更に向上させるため、複合材の所要箇所あるいは全体に窒化処理や浸炭処理といった、拡散現象を利用した表面硬化処理を適用してもよい。窒化処理は、例えばラジカル窒化、ガス窒化、プラズマイオン窒化等を用いることが出来る。尚、窒化処理が高温で実施されると、高融点金属含有肉盛部や低融点合金部材の硬さが低下する恐れがある。そのため、窒化処理は600℃以下で実施するのが好ましく、更には550℃以下での実施が好ましい。また、窒化処理の温度が低すぎると窒化層が形成され難いため、窒化処理は400℃以上での実施が好ましい。
複合材の用途としては、複合材を用いることができる構造物であれば特に限定されないが、鋳造用金型等の金型が好ましく、中でもアルミニウム合金の低圧鋳造、重力鋳造、ダイカスト等の鋳造に用いられる鋳造用金型が好ましく、特にアルミニウム合金のダイカストに用いられる鋳造用金型が好ましい。これらの鋳造用金型であれば、耐溶損性を向上できるといった効果が顕著に得られるからである。アルミニウム合金の鋳造用金型としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、アルミホイールを成型するための低圧鋳造用の金型、エンジンのアルミシリンダヘッドを成型するための鋳造用金型等が挙げられる。なお、複合材は、鋳造用金型以外にも高温に耐えることが要求される構造物に広く用いることが可能であり、例えば、高速回転での摩擦熱が発生し得る軸受け等にも用いることができる。
最初に、表1に示すFe基合金(融点:約1540℃)の板材を用意した。数値は質量%である。
レーザ光走査速度:500mm/min
原料粉末供給量:14g/min
レーザ光出力:1.8kW
実施例1、参考例の複合材について、ビード(高融点金属含有肉盛部)のその延設方向に対して垂直な断面を切断により切り出し、鏡面研磨した後、その研磨後の断面について光学顕微鏡で観察した。図1Bは実施例、図2は参考例、それぞれ倍率500倍での光学顕微鏡像である。純タングステンを粉体肉盛したビード(高融点金属含有肉盛部1)に着目すると、図1B、図2ともに灰色の粒子が分散している状況が確認できる。これは、固溶せずに残存したタングステン粒子である。そこで、以下にタングステン粒子(高融点金属粒子)の円形度とビード(高融点金属含有肉盛部)のビッカース硬さを測定した。
円形度は、倍率500倍で観察した光学顕微鏡像を、画像解析ソフト(旭化成エンジニアリング製「A像くんver2.5」)を用いてタングステン粒子とタングステン粒子以外を画像処理で二値化し、タングステン粒子の面積や周囲長から、円形度を下記の式(3)を用いて算出した。
円形度=4×π×(高融点金属粒子の面積)/(高融点金属粒子の周囲の長さ)2・・(3)
そして、2か所で撮影した光学顕微鏡像について、各撮影位置での高融点金属粒子を円形度解析し、2か所の円形度と粒子数を合算し、円形度ごとの割合を算出した。
実施例1は、0.7~1.0の円形度の割合は62%であった。これは球状のタングステン粒子の形状がそのまま反映されたと言える。対して参考例では0.7~1.0の円形度の割合は26%と低いものであった。尚、タングステン粒子の面積率は、実施例1では32%、参考例は30%とほぼ同じであった。
また、板材(低融点合金部材)の表面からの高融点金属含有肉盛部の深さは、実施例1では900~950μm、参考例では550~600μm程度形成されていた。
実施例1と参考例の複合材について、室温における高融点金属含有肉盛部とFe基合金部のビッカース硬さ(Hv1)を測定した。具体的には、まず、高融点金属含有肉盛部とFe基合金部の一面を鏡面研磨した後、その面を硬さ測定した。硬さの測定条件は以下の通りとし、5回分の測定値の平均を硬さとした。
<硬さの測定条件>
装置の機種:株式会社フューチュアテック製微小硬度計
押し込み荷重:1000gf
保持時間:15秒
表3に示したFe基合金の板材M2を用意した。数値は質量%である。
次に、Fe基合金の板材M2の表面の一部に、レーザメタルデポジション(LMD)を用い、純タングステン粉末を供給して1層を肉盛りした複合材C3を製造した。純タングステン粉末には実施例1と同様のものを用いた。また、付加製造装置と粉体肉盛条件等も実施例1と同様とした。
表4に示すNi基合金の板材M3を用意した。数値は質量%である。
次に、Ni基合金の板材M3の表面の一部に、レーザメタルデポジション(LMD)を用い、純タングステン粉末を供給して1層を肉盛りした複合材C5を製造した。純タングステン粉末には実施例1と同様のものを用いた。また、付加製造装置と粉体肉盛条件等も実施例1と同様とした。
また、板材の表面からの高融点金属含有肉盛部の深さは、実施例2では450~460μm、実施例3では1100~1130μm程度形成されており、実施例1~3共に300μm以上であることが確認された。
実施例1の複合材C1についてイオンプラズマ窒化処理を実施した。具体的には、ビードの一部をワイヤーカッターで切断し、この試料を炉内寸法Φ700mm×1200mm(炉内有効寸法Φ600mm×600mm)のプラズマ窒化炉内に設置した。窒化処理前に、炉内を真空下で410℃まで加熱し、N2:H2:Ar=6:91:3のガス比率で試料表面をガスエッチングし、その後に510℃×10時間の窒化処理を行った。
窒化処理後の高融点金属含有肉盛部の窒化層の表面硬さを測定する為に押込み荷重25gとし、同様に測定したところビッカース硬さは481Hvであった。窒化処理によって表面硬度を高めることができた。
2:高融点金属粒子
3:結合相
M1、M2、M3:板材
C1~C5:複合材
Claims (10)
- 融点が1600℃以下の低融点合金部材の表面の少なくとも一部に高融点金属含有肉盛部を有し、前記高融点金属含有肉盛部は、融点が2400℃以上の高融点金属元素を含む高融点金属粒子が分散しており、前記高融点金属粒子の40%以上は円形度が0.7以上であることを特徴とする複合材。
- 前記高融点金属粒子は、前記高融点金属元素を90質量%以上含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合材。
- 前記高融点金属含有肉盛部のビッカース硬さが300Hv以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の複合材。
- 前記高融点金属含有肉盛部は、前記低融点合金部材の表面からの深さが300μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合材。
- 前記低融点合金部材は、Fe基合金、Ni基合金、Co基合金、Ti基合金、Cr基合金及び高エントロピー合金のいずれか1種の低融点合金を含有し、前記高融点金属粒子は、W、Ta、Mo、及びNbの少なくとも1種の高融点金属元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合材。
- 前記高融点金属含有肉盛部は、前記高融点金属含有肉盛部の表面の少なくとも一部に窒化層を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合材。
- 請求項1に記載の複合材を用いたことを特徴とする金型。
- 融点が1600℃以下の低融点合金部材の表面にエネルギーを付与することで前記低融点合金部材を溶融しながら、融点が2400℃以上の高融点金属元素を含み、円形度が0.7以上の高融点金属粒子を有する原料粉末を前記低融点合金部材の表面に供給することにより、前記高融点金属粒子を分散させた高融点金属含有肉盛部を形成する工程を備えることを特徴とする複合材の製造方法。
- 前記低融点合金部材は、Fe基合金、Ni基合金、Co基合金、Ti基合金、Cr基合金及び高エントロピー合金のいずれか1種の低融点合金を含有し、前記原料粉末は、W、Ta、Mo、及びNbの少なくとも1種の高融点金属元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の複合材の製造方法。
- 前記高融点金属含有肉盛部の表面に窒素を拡散させることにより、窒素が拡散した窒化層を形成する工程を備えることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の複合材の製造方法。
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CN118600358A (zh) * | 2024-08-07 | 2024-09-06 | 北京工业大学 | 低热导、高热流反射率、高耐蚀的高熵合金涂层及其制备方法和应用 |
CN118910535A (zh) * | 2024-10-11 | 2024-11-08 | 株洲季元科技有限责任公司 | 柱塞或轴类工件的表面涂层及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN118600358A (zh) * | 2024-08-07 | 2024-09-06 | 北京工业大学 | 低热导、高热流反射率、高耐蚀的高熵合金涂层及其制备方法和应用 |
CN118910535A (zh) * | 2024-10-11 | 2024-11-08 | 株洲季元科技有限责任公司 | 柱塞或轴类工件的表面涂层及其制备方法和应用 |
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