WO2023176198A1 - 有機ハイドライド製造装置 - Google Patents
有機ハイドライド製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023176198A1 WO2023176198A1 PCT/JP2023/004020 JP2023004020W WO2023176198A1 WO 2023176198 A1 WO2023176198 A1 WO 2023176198A1 JP 2023004020 W JP2023004020 W JP 2023004020W WO 2023176198 A1 WO2023176198 A1 WO 2023176198A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/03—Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/13—Single electrolytic cells with circulation of an electrolyte
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic hydride manufacturing apparatus.
- organic hydride manufacturing equipment has an anode that generates protons from water, a cathode that hydrogenates an organic compound (hydride) having an unsaturated bond, and a diaphragm that separates the anode and cathode.
- anode that generates protons from water
- a cathode that hydrogenates an organic compound (hydride) having an unsaturated bond
- a diaphragm that separates the anode and cathode.
- the present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and one of its objectives is to provide a technique for improving the electrolytic performance of an organic hydride production apparatus.
- a certain embodiment of the present invention is an organic hydride production apparatus.
- an anode electrode that oxidizes water in the anolyte to generate protons, and a cathode electrode that hydrogenates the hydride in the catholyte with protons to generate an organic hydride are connected from the anode side.
- a membrane electrode assembly laminated with a diaphragm in between that moves protons to the cathode electrode side a supply channel that extends in the vertical direction, through which the catholyte flows from below to above and sends the catholyte to the cathode electrode; It includes a recovery channel that extends in the vertical direction and into which the catholyte flows from the cathode electrode.
- the flow resistance R1 of the catholyte flowing through the cathode electrode, the flow resistance R2 of the catholyte flowing through the recovery channel, and the flow resistance R3 of the catholyte flowing through the supply channel satisfy the relationship R1>R2>R3.
- the electrolytic performance of an organic hydride production apparatus can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an organic hydride production system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an organic hydride manufacturing apparatus.
- 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a membrane electrode assembly and a cathode flow path viewed from the stacking direction of electrodes and diaphragms.
- FIG. 5(A) is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the catholyte when the flow resistance in the recovery channel and the flow resistance in the supply channel are equal.
- FIG. 5(B) is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the catholyte when the flow resistance in the recovery channel is larger than the flow resistance in the supply channel.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the differential pressure within the cathode electrode and the toluene concentration at 95% Faraday efficiency in each organic hydride production apparatus of each Example and each Comparative Example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an organic hydride production system 1 according to an embodiment.
- An example organic hydride production system 1 includes an organic hydride production device 2, an anolyte supply device 4, and a catholyte supply device 6.
- the organic hydride production apparatus 2 is an electrolytic cell that hydrogenates a hydrogenated substance, which is a dehydrogenated product of an organic hydride, by an electrochemical reduction reaction to produce an organic hydride.
- the organic hydride production apparatus 2 includes a membrane electrode assembly 8.
- the membrane electrode assembly 8 has a structure in which an anode electrode 10 and a cathode electrode 12 are stacked with a diaphragm 14 in between. Although only one organic hydride manufacturing apparatus 2 is illustrated in FIG. 1, the organic hydride manufacturing system 1 may include a plurality of organic hydride manufacturing apparatuses 2.
- each organic hydride production device 2 is stacked with the directions aligned so that, for example, the anode electrode 10 and the cathode electrode 12 are arranged in the same manner. Thereby, each organic hydride manufacturing apparatus 2 is electrically connected in series. Note that the organic hydride manufacturing apparatuses 2 may be connected in parallel, or may be connected in series and connected in parallel.
- the anode electrode 10 (anode) oxidizes water in the anolyte LA to generate protons.
- the anode electrode 10 includes a metal such as iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt), or an oxide of these metals as an anode catalyst.
- the anode catalyst may be dispersed and supported on or coated on a substrate having electron conductivity.
- the base material is made of a material whose main component is a metal such as titanium (Ti) or stainless steel (SUS). Examples of the form of the base material include woven or nonwoven fabric sheets, meshes, porous sintered bodies, foams, expanded metals, and the like.
- the cathode electrode 12 hydrogenates the hydride in the catholyte LC with protons to generate an organic hydride.
- the cathode electrode 12 contains, for example, platinum or ruthenium as a cathode catalyst for hydrogenating a substance to be hydrogenated.
- the cathode electrode 12 includes a porous catalyst carrier supporting a cathode catalyst.
- the catalyst carrier is made of an electronically conductive material such as porous carbon, porous metal, porous metal oxide, or the like.
- the cathode catalyst is coated with an ionomer (cation exchange type ionomer).
- a catalyst carrier carrying a cathode catalyst is coated with an ionomer.
- the ionomer examples include perfluorosulfonic acid polymers such as Nafion (registered trademark) and Flemion (registered trademark).
- the ionomer partially covers the cathode catalyst. Thereby, the three elements (hydride, protons, and electrons) required for the electrochemical reaction at the cathode electrode 12 can be efficiently supplied to the reaction field.
- the diaphragm 14 is sandwiched between the anode electrode 10 and the cathode electrode 12.
- the diaphragm 14 of this embodiment is composed of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having proton conductivity, and moves protons from the anode electrode 10 side to the cathode electrode 12 side.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that conducts protons, and examples thereof include fluorine-based ion exchange membranes having sulfonic acid groups.
- the anode electrode 10 is supplied with the anolyte LA by the anolyte supply device 4.
- the anolyte LA contains water to be supplied to the anode electrode 10.
- Examples of the anode solution LA include sulfuric acid aqueous solution, nitric acid aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, pure water, ion exchange water, and the like.
- a catholyte LC is supplied to the cathode electrode 12 by a catholyte supply device 6 .
- the catholyte LC contains an organic hydride raw material (hydrogenated product) to be supplied to the cathode electrode 12 .
- the catholyte LC does not contain any organic hydride before the operation of the organic hydride production system 1 starts, and when the organic hydride generated by electrolysis is mixed in after the start of operation, the catholyte LC becomes a mixed liquid of the hydride and the organic hydride.
- the hydride and organic hydride are preferably liquid at 20°C and 1 atmosphere.
- the hydrogenated product and the organic hydride are not particularly limited as long as they are organic compounds that can add/desorb hydrogen by reversibly causing a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction.
- hydride and organic hydride used in this embodiment acetone-isopropanol-based, benzoquinone-hydroquinone-based, aromatic hydrocarbon-based, etc. can be widely used. Among these, aromatic hydrocarbons are preferred from the viewpoint of transportability during energy transport.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon compound used as the hydrogenated product is a compound containing at least one aromatic ring.
- aromatic hydrocarbon compounds include benzene, alkylbenzene, naphthalene, alkylnaphthalene, anthracene, diphenylethane, and the like.
- Alkylbenzenes include compounds in which 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms in an aromatic ring are substituted with a straight chain alkyl group or a branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, and the like.
- Alkylnaphthalenes include compounds in which 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms in an aromatic ring are substituted with a straight chain alkyl group or a branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds include methylnaphthalene. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the hydrogenated product is preferably at least one of toluene and benzene.
- nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds such as pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, N-alkylpyrrole, N-alkylindole, and N-alkyldibenzopyrrole can also be used as the hydrogenated product.
- the organic hydride is obtained by hydrogenating the above-mentioned hydride, and examples thereof include cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, piperidine, and the like.
- the electrode reaction at the anode electrode 10 and the electrode reaction at the cathode electrode 12 proceed in parallel.
- Protons generated by electrolysis of water at the anode electrode 10 are supplied to the cathode electrode 12 via the diaphragm 14 .
- electrons generated by water electrolysis are supplied to the cathode electrode 12 via an external circuit.
- the protons and electrons supplied to the cathode electrode 12 are used for hydrogenation of toluene at the cathode electrode 12. This produces methylcyclohexane.
- the electrolysis of water and the hydrogenation reaction of the hydride can be performed in one step.
- the production efficiency of organic hydride is more efficient than the conventional technology, which produces organic hydride through a two-step process of producing hydrogen through water electrolysis, etc., and chemically hydrogenating the substance to be hydrogenated in a reactor such as a plant. can be increased.
- a reactor for chemical hydrogenation a high-pressure container for storing hydrogen produced by water electrolysis, etc. are not required, equipment costs can be significantly reduced.
- the following hydrogen gas generation reaction may occur as a side reaction.
- the amount of hydride supplied to the cathode electrode 12 becomes insufficient, this side reaction becomes more likely to occur.
- Power is supplied to the organic hydride production apparatus 2 from an external power source (not shown).
- an external power source (not shown).
- a predetermined electrolytic current is applied between the anode electrode 10 and the cathode electrode 12 of the organic hydride manufacturing apparatus 2, and the electrolytic current flows.
- the power source sends power supplied from the power supply device to the organic hydride manufacturing device 2 .
- the power supply device can be configured with a power generation device that generates power using renewable energy, such as a wind power generation device or a solar power generation device.
- the power supply device is not limited to a power generation device that uses renewable energy, and may be a grid power source, a renewable energy power generation device, a power storage device that stores power from a grid power source, etc. good. Moreover, a combination of two or more of these may be used.
- the anolyte supply device 4 includes an anolyte tank 16, a first anode pipe 18, a second anode pipe 20, and an anode pump 22.
- the anode solution LA is stored in the anode solution tank 16 .
- the anolyte tank 16 is connected to the anode electrode 10 by a first anode pipe 18 .
- An anode pump 22 is provided in the middle of the first anode pipe 18 .
- the anode pump 22 can be configured with a known pump such as a gear pump or a cylinder pump. Note that the anolyte supply device 4 may circulate the anolyte LA using a liquid feeding device other than a pump.
- the anolyte tank 16 is also connected to the anode electrode 10 by a second anode pipe 20 .
- the anode solution LA in the anode solution tank 16 flows into the anode electrode 10 via the first anode pipe 18 by driving the anode pump 22 .
- the anolyte LA that has flowed into the anode electrode 10 is subjected to an electrode reaction at the anode electrode 10 .
- the anolyte LA in the anode electrode 10 is returned to the anolyte tank 16 via the second anode pipe 20.
- the anode liquid tank 16 also functions as a gas-liquid separation section. Oxygen gas is generated at the anode electrode 10 by an electrode reaction. Therefore, the anolyte LA discharged from the anode electrode 10 contains oxygen gas.
- the anolyte tank 16 separates the oxygen gas in the anode solution LA from the anode solution LA and discharges it to the outside of the system.
- the anolyte supply device 4 of this embodiment circulates the anolyte LA between the anode electrode 10 and the anolyte tank 16.
- the configuration is not limited to this, and a configuration may be adopted in which the anolyte LA is sent out of the system from the anode electrode 10 without returning to the anolyte tank 16.
- the catholyte supply device 6 includes a catholyte tank 24, a first cathode pipe 26, a second cathode pipe 28, a third cathode pipe 30, a cathode pump 32, and a separation section 34.
- the catholyte tank 24 stores catholyte LC.
- the catholyte tank 24 is connected to the cathode electrode 12 by a first cathode pipe 26 .
- a cathode pump 32 is provided in the middle of the first cathode pipe 26 .
- the cathode pump 32 can be configured with a known pump such as a gear pump or a cylinder pump. Note that the catholyte supply device 6 may circulate the catholyte LC using a liquid sending device other than a pump.
- the separation section 34 is connected to the cathode electrode 12 by a second cathode pipe 28.
- the separation section 34 includes a known gas-liquid separator and a known oil-water separator. Further, the separation section 34 is connected to the catholyte tank 24 by a third cathode pipe 30.
- the catholyte LC in the catholyte tank 24 flows into the cathode electrode 12 via the first cathode pipe 26 by driving the cathode pump 32 .
- the catholyte LC that has flowed into the cathode electrode 12 is subjected to an electrode reaction at the cathode electrode 12 .
- the catholyte LC in the cathode electrode 12 flows into the separation section 34 via the second cathode pipe 28 .
- hydrogen gas may be generated due to side reactions. Therefore, the catholyte LC discharged from the cathode electrode 12 may contain hydrogen gas.
- the separation unit 34 separates the hydrogen gas in the catholyte LC from the catholyte LC and discharges it out of the system. Furthermore, water moves from the anode electrode 10 to the cathode electrode 12 together with protons. Therefore, the catholyte LC discharged from the cathode electrode 12 may contain water.
- the separation unit 34 separates water in the catholyte LC from the catholyte LC and discharges the water to the outside of the system.
- the catholyte LC from which hydrogen gas and water have been separated is returned to the catholyte tank 24 via the third cathode pipe 30 .
- the catholyte supply device 6 of this embodiment circulates the catholyte LC between the cathode electrode 12 and the catholyte tank 24.
- the configuration is not limited to this, and a configuration may be adopted in which the catholyte LC is sent out of the system from the cathode electrode 12 without returning to the catholyte tank 24.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the organic hydride manufacturing apparatus 2.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the membrane electrode assembly 8 and the cathode channel 38 as seen from the stacking direction of the electrodes and the diaphragm.
- the organic hydride manufacturing apparatus 2 of this embodiment includes, in addition to the membrane electrode assembly 8, an anode channel 36 (anode channel forming structure), a cathode channel 38 (cathode channel forming structure), and a pair of plates. It includes members 42a and 42b, a gasket 44, and a flow blocking member 46.
- the plate member 42a and the plate member 42b are made of metal such as stainless steel or titanium.
- the plate member 42a is stacked on the membrane electrode assembly 8 from the anode electrode 10 side.
- the plate member 42b is laminated on the membrane electrode assembly 8 from the cathode electrode 12 side. Therefore, the membrane electrode assembly 8 is sandwiched between the pair of plate members 42a and 42b. A gap between the pair of plate members 42a and 42b is sealed with a gasket 44.
- the pair of plate members 42a and 42b may correspond to so-called end plates.
- the plate member may correspond to a so-called separator.
- the cathode electrode 12 has a catalyst layer 12a and a diffusion layer 12b.
- the catalyst layer 12a is arranged closer to the diaphragm 14 than the diffusion layer 12b.
- the catalyst layer 12a is in contact with the main surface of the diaphragm 14.
- the catalyst layer 12a contains the above-mentioned cathode catalyst, catalyst carrier, and ionomer.
- the diffusion layer 12b is in contact with the main surface of the catalyst layer 12a on the side opposite to the diaphragm 14.
- the diffusion layer 12b uniformly diffuses the catholyte LC supplied from the outside into the catalyst layer 12a. Further, the organic hydride generated in the catalyst layer 12a is discharged to the outside of the cathode electrode 12 via the diffusion layer 12b.
- the diffusion layer 12b is made of a conductive material such as carbon or metal. Further, the diffusion layer 12b is a porous body such as a sintered body of fibers or particles, or a foam molded body. Examples of the material constituting the diffusion layer 12b include carbon woven cloth (carbon cloth), carbon nonwoven cloth, carbon paper, and the like. Note that the diffusion layer 12b may be omitted in some cases.
- An anode channel 36 is connected to the anode electrode 10.
- the anode flow path 36 supplies and discharges the anode liquid LA to and from the anode electrode 10 .
- the plate member 42a of this embodiment is provided with a groove on its main surface facing the anode electrode 10 side. This groove constitutes an anode flow path 36.
- the anode channel 36 covers the entire surface of the anode electrode 10, for example.
- the first anode pipe 18 and the second anode pipe 20 are connected to the anode flow path 36 .
- the first anode pipe 18 is connected to the lower end of the anode flow path 36
- the second anode pipe 20 is connected to the upper end of the anode flow path 36.
- connection positions of the first anode pipe 18 and the second anode pipe 20 with respect to the anode flow path 36 can be changed as appropriate.
- the groove provided in the plate member 42a as the anode flow path 36 it is possible to suppress an increase in the number of parts and complication of the assembly process due to the provision of the anode flow path 36.
- a cathode channel 38 is connected to the cathode electrode 12.
- the cathode channel 38 supplies and discharges the catholyte LC to and from the cathode electrode 12 .
- the plate member 42b of this embodiment is provided with a groove on its main surface facing the cathode electrode 12 side. This groove constitutes a cathode flow path 38.
- the first cathode pipe 26 and the second cathode pipe 28 are connected to the cathode flow path 38 .
- the cathode channel 38 of this embodiment includes a supply channel 38a (supply channel forming structure) that supplies catholyte LC to the cathode electrode 12, and a recovery channel 38b (recovery channel 38b) that recovers catholyte LC from the cathode electrode 12. flow path forming structure).
- the supply channel 38a and the recovery channel 38b each extend in the vertical direction, and their respective side faces face the cathode electrode 12. Note that "extending in the vertical direction" means that one end of the substantially linear channel is located above the other end. Therefore, each channel may extend obliquely to the horizontal plane.
- the supply channel 38a is arranged near one end of the plate member 42b in the horizontal direction, and the recovery channel 38b is arranged near the other end of the plate member 42b in the horizontal direction.
- the first cathode pipe 26 is connected to the lower end of the supply channel 38a, and the second cathode pipe 28 is connected to the upper end of the recovery channel 38b.
- At least a portion of each region of the supply channel 38a and the recovery channel 38b overlaps with each other when viewed from the horizontal direction.
- the height positions of the lower ends of each flow path are the same, and the height positions of the upper ends of each flow path are preferably the same.
- the catholyte LC that has flowed into the supply channel 38a from the first cathode pipe 26 flows from the bottom to the top within the supply channel 38a, and is sent to the cathode electrode 12 from the side surface of the supply channel 38a.
- the catholyte LC that has flowed into the cathode electrode 12 moves within the cathode electrode 12 toward the recovery channel 38b.
- the catholyte LC that has reached the recovery channel 38b flows from the cathode electrode 12 into the recovery channel 38b.
- the catholyte LC flows into the supply channel 38a from the side surface of the supply channel 38a.
- the catholyte LC flows from the bottom to the top in the recovery channel 38b and is discharged into the second cathode pipe 28.
- connection positions of the first cathode pipe 26 and the second cathode pipe 28 with respect to the cathode flow path 38 can be changed as appropriate.
- each pipe may be connected to the side surface of the cathode channel 38 instead of the bottom and top surface.
- the number and arrangement of the supply channel 38a and the recovery channel 38b can also be changed as appropriate.
- the cathode electrode 12, the supply channel 38a, and the recovery channel 38b differ in the ease of flow of the catholyte LC in each of them as follows. That is, when the flow resistance of the catholyte LC flowing through the cathode electrode 12 is R1, the flow resistance of the catholyte LC flowing through the recovery channel 38b is R2, and the flow resistance of the catholyte LC flowing through the supply channel 38a is R3, the flow Resistors R1 to R3 satisfy the relationship R1>R2>R3.
- the cathode electrode 12 is composed of a catalyst layer 12a in which a catalyst and a catalyst carrier are assembled, and a diffusion layer 12b made of a porous material.
- the supply channel 38a and the recovery channel 38b are configured by grooves provided on the surface of the plate member 42b. Therefore, the flow resistance R1 in the cathode electrode 12 inevitably tends to be larger than the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b and the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a.
- the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b is made higher than the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a by the baffle member 46. Thereby, the relationship R1>R2>R3 can be satisfied.
- the flow blocking member 46 is disposed at least within the recovery channel 38b. Thereby, the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b can be made larger than the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a.
- the baffle member 46 as an example is a long body extending along the recovery channel 38b. Thereby, the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b can be made larger than the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a more easily.
- the current blocking member 46 of this embodiment is composed of a coil.
- the coil is made of metal such as titanium or stainless steel. The coil extends spirally from one end to the other end inside the recovery channel 38b. Thereby, the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b can be increased while preventing the flow of the catholyte LC from being completely blocked by the flow blocking member 46.
- FIG. 5(A) is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the catholyte LC when the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b and the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a are equal.
- FIG. 5(B) is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the catholyte LC when the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b is larger than the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a.
- the catholyte LC Due to the water head pressure of the catholyte LC in the supply channel 38a, the catholyte LC is difficult to advance to the upper part of the supply channel 38a. Therefore, when the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b and the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a are equal, the pressure of the catholyte LC is low (flow rate A pressure distribution tends to occur in which the pressure of the catholyte liquid LC is high (the flow rate is fast) at the lower part of the cathode electrode 12.
- the "upper part” is, for example, a 1/2, preferably 1/3 region from the upper end of the cathode electrode 12.
- the "lower part” is, for example, 1/2, preferably 1/3 of the area from the lower end of the cathode electrode 12.
- the organic hydride manufacturing apparatus 2 may be large, with a height of 1000 mm to 2000 mm. As the height of the organic hydride production apparatus 2 increases, the pressure drop of the catholyte LC above the cathode electrode 12 becomes more significant.
- hydrogen gas may be generated at the cathode electrode 12 due to side reactions. Since hydrogen gas has a lower specific gravity than the catholyte LC, it tends to accumulate in the upper part of the cathode electrode 12. The hydrogen gas accumulated in the cathode electrode 12 is pushed out by the catholyte LC into the recovery channel 38b and discharged into the second cathode pipe 28. However, if the pressure of the catholyte LC is low above the cathode electrode 12, hydrogen gas tends to remain. When a large amount of hydrogen gas accumulates in the cathode electrode 12, the amount of the hydride to be supplied to the reaction field of the catalyst layer 12a decreases, making it easier for side reactions to proceed. The occurrence of side reactions leads to a decrease in faradaic efficiency during the production of organic hydrides.
- the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b is larger than the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a.
- the catholyte LC is prevented from moving toward the recovery channel 38b in the lower part of the supply channel 38a, and the catholyte LC is guided to the upper part of the supply channel 38a. be able to. Therefore, the pressure of the catholyte LC at the upper part of the cathode electrode 12 can be increased, and the hydrogen gas accumulated at the upper part of the cathode electrode 12 can be more easily discharged. As a result, the electrolysis performance of the organic hydride production apparatus 2 can be improved.
- flow blocking members 46 are arranged in both the supply channel 38a and the recovery channel 38b.
- the current blocking member 46 disposed in the supply channel 38a is composed of a coil with a relatively large wire diameter
- the current blocking member 46 disposed in the recovery channel 38b is composed of a coil with a relatively small diameter. has been done. Thereby, the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel 38b can be made larger than the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel 38a.
- the cathode flow path 38 is arranged so as to overlap the membrane electrode assembly 8 when viewed from the stacking direction of the cathode electrode 12, the diaphragm 14, and the anode electrode 10.
- high pressure is applied to the membrane electrode assembly to bring the layers into close contact with each other. Thereby, the production efficiency of organic hydride can be improved.
- the pressure applied to the membrane electrode assembly is greater than the pressure applied to a typical fuel cell. Therefore, if the membrane electrode assembly 8 and the cathode channel 38 overlap, the membrane electrode assembly 8 can fit into the cathode channel 38 .
- the pressure loss occurring in the catholyte LC flowing through the cathode channel 38 may increase excessively. This increase in pressure drop is unintended. Furthermore, the cathode flow path 38 is blocked and the supply of the hydride to the cathode electrode 12 is delayed, and the reaction for producing organic hydride in at least a portion of the cathode electrode 12 may be stopped. Furthermore, hydrogen is generated due to side reactions, which may reduce faradaic efficiency during the production of organic hydride.
- the membrane electrode assembly 8 can be supported by the flow blocking member 46. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the membrane electrode assembly 8 from fitting into the cathode channel 38. Therefore, the electrolytic performance of the organic hydride production apparatus 2 can be improved.
- the recovery channel 38b is located on the downstream side of the flow of the catholyte LC than the supply channel 38a, and tends to have a lower internal pressure than the supply channel 38a. Therefore, the membrane electrode assembly 8 can fit into the recovery channel 38b more easily than the supply channel 38a. Therefore, the flow blocking member 46 is preferably disposed at least in the recovery channel 38b. The difference between the flow resistance R2 and the flow resistance R3 can also be realized by providing the flow blocking member 46 in the recovery channel 38b.
- the internal pressure of the supply channel 38a may also decrease. Therefore, by arranging the flow blocking member 46 in both the supply channel 38a and the recovery channel 38b, the electrolytic performance of the organic hydride production apparatus 2 can be further improved.
- the current baffle member 46 in the embodiment is composed of a coil, it is not particularly limited to this configuration.
- the flow baffle member 46 may be comprised of a stent.
- a stent is a mesh tube. Therefore, the stent extends along the recovery channel 38b.
- the material of the stent is the same as that of the coil.
- the current blocking member 46 may be made of a porous member having liquid permeability such as porous ceramics.
- the porous member may be a long body extending along the recovery channel 38b.
- a stent or porous member may also be provided in the supply channel 38a.
- the flow resistance R2 in the recovery flow path 38b can be made larger than the flow resistance R3 in the supply flow path 38a by varying the diameters of the wire rods constituting the stent or by varying the porosity of the porous member. I can do it.
- the flow resistance R2 in the recovery flow path 38b and the flow resistance in the supply flow path 38a can be changed. A difference may be provided between R3 and R3.
- Embodiments may be specified by the items described below.
- LA anolyte
- LC catholyte
- the organic hydride production device (2) includes a plate member (42b) stacked on the membrane electrode assembly (8), The supply channel (38a) and the recovery channel (38b) are composed of grooves provided on the surface of the plate member (42b), The organic hydride production apparatus (2) includes a flow blocking member (46) disposed at least in the recovery channel (38b) to make the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel (38b) higher than the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel (38a). Equipped with The organic hydride production apparatus (2) according to the first item.
- the baffle member (46) is a long body extending along the recovery channel (38b).
- the flow blocking member (46) is composed of a coil or a stent.
- the baffle member (46) is composed of a porous member. The organic hydride manufacturing apparatus (2) according to the second item or the third item.
- Example 1 An organic hydride production apparatus was prepared in which a baffle member was disposed in a recovery channel and not in a supply channel. A coil with a wire diameter of 0.6 mm was used as the current blocking member. By providing the flow blocking member only in the recovery channel, the flow resistance R1 in the cathode electrode, the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel, and the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel became R1>R2>R3.
- the difference between the pressure of the catholyte at the position in contact with the supply flow path and the pressure of the catholyte at the position in contact with the recovery flow path was measured at four locations on the cathode electrode: the lower part, the lower middle part, the upper middle part, and the upper part.
- the lower part is located at approximately the lower end of the cathode electrode
- the middle lower part is located at about 1/3 of the height of the cathode electrode
- the middle upper part is located at about 2/3 of the height of the cathode electrode
- the upper part is located at about 2/3 of the height of the cathode electrode.
- a catholyte solution having a concentration of 100% toluene was circulated through the cathode electrode of this organic hydride production apparatus. Further, an aqueous sulfuric acid solution was circulated as an anode solution through the anode electrode. Then, an electrolytic reaction was carried out at a current density of 0.6 A/cm 2 . The electrolytic reaction was carried out until the faradaic efficiency calculated from the amount of by-product hydrogen produced reached 95%. When hydrogen was produced in an amount corresponding to 95% Faraday efficiency, the catholyte was collected at the inlet of the cathode flow path, and the toluene concentration of the catholyte was measured using a gas chromatograph. The results are shown in FIG. This toluene concentration corresponds to the electrolysis performance of the organic hydride production apparatus. The lower the toluene concentration, the higher the electrolytic performance.
- Example 2 An organic hydride manufacturing apparatus having the same configuration as Example 1 was prepared, except that a coil with a wire diameter of 0.1 mm was arranged in the supply channel. By providing a current blocking member with a wire diameter larger than that provided in the supply channel in the recovery channel, flow resistance R1 in the cathode electrode, flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel, and flow resistance R3 in the supply channel are reduced. R1>R2>R3. Then, as in Example 1, the differential pressure inside the cathode electrode was measured. Further, an electrolytic reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the toluene concentration of the catholyte when the Faraday efficiency was 95% was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 1 An organic hydride production apparatus having the same configuration as in Example 1 was prepared, except that the blocking member was not disposed in the recovery channel.
- the differential pressure inside the cathode electrode was measured.
- an electrolytic reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the toluene concentration of the catholyte when the Faraday efficiency was 95% was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 An organic hydride production apparatus having the same configuration as in Example 1 was prepared, except that coils with a wire diameter of 0.6 mm were arranged in both the recovery channel and the supply channel.
- the differential pressure inside the cathode electrode was measured.
- an electrolytic reaction was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the toluene concentration of the catholyte when the Faraday efficiency was 95% was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the differential pressure within the cathode electrode and the toluene concentration at a Faraday efficiency (F efficiency) of 95% in each organic hydride production apparatus of each Example and each Comparative Example.
- F efficiency Faraday efficiency
- Example 1 and Example 2 the toluene concentration at 95% Faraday efficiency was lower than in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. From the above results, by adjusting the flow resistance R1 in the cathode electrode, the flow resistance R2 in the recovery channel, and the flow resistance R3 in the supply channel so that R1>R2>R3, the electrolytic performance of the organic hydride production apparatus can be improved. It was confirmed that it improved.
- the present invention can be utilized in an organic hydride manufacturing device.
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Abstract
Description
<アノード電極での電極反応>
3H2O→3/2O2+6H++6e-
<カソード電極での電極反応>
TL+6H++6e-→MCH
<カソード電極で生じ得る副反応>
2H++2e-→H2
上述した実施の形態に係る有機ハイドライド製造装置2には、以下の変形例を挙げることができる。すなわち、実施の形態の阻流部材46はコイルで構成されるが、特にこの構成に限定されない。例えば、阻流部材46はステントで構成されてもよい。ステントは、網目状の筒である。したがって、ステントは回収流路38bに沿って延在する。ステントの材質は、コイルの場合と同様である。また、阻流部材46は、多孔質セラミックス等の透液性を有する多孔質部材で構成されてもよい。多孔質部材は、回収流路38bに沿って延びる長尺体であってもよい。ステントや多孔質部材を回収流路38b内に配置することで、コイルの場合と同様に、回収流路38bにおける流抵抗R2を供給流路38aにおける流抵抗R3より大きくすることができる。
[第1項目]
アノード液(LA)中の水を酸化してプロトンを生成するアノード電極(10)、およびカソード液(LC)中の被水素化物をプロトンで水素化して有機ハイドライドを生成するカソード電極(12)が、アノード電極(10)側からカソード電極(12)側にプロトンを移動させる隔膜(14)を挟んで積層された膜電極接合体(8)と、
鉛直方向に延び、下方から上方に向かってカソード液(LC)が流れるとともにカソード電極(12)にカソード液(LC)を送出する供給流路(38a)と、
鉛直方向に延び、カソード電極(12)からカソード液(LC)が流入する回収流路(38b)と、を備え、
カソード電極(12)を流れるカソード液(LC)の流抵抗R1、回収流路(38b)を流れるカソード液(LC)の流抵抗R2および供給流路(38a)を流れるカソード液(LC)の流抵抗R3は、R1>R2>R3の関係を満たす、
有機ハイドライド製造装置(2)。
[第2項目]
有機ハイドライド製造装置(2)は、膜電極接合体(8)に積層されるプレート部材(42b)を備え、
供給流路(38a)および回収流路(38b)は、プレート部材(42b)の表面に設けられる溝で構成され、
有機ハイドライド製造装置(2)は、少なくとも回収流路(38b)内に配置されて回収流路(38b)における流抵抗R2を供給流路(38a)における流抵抗R3より高める阻流部材(46)を備える、
第1項目に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置(2)。
[第3項目]
阻流部材(46)は、回収流路(38b)に沿って延びる長尺体である、
第2項目に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置(2)。
[第4項目]
阻流部材(46)は、コイルまたはステントで構成される、
第3項目に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置(2)。
[第5項目]
阻流部材(46)は、多孔質部材で構成される、
第2項目または第3項目に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置(2)。
阻流部材を回収流路に配置し、供給流路に配置しない有機ハイドライド製造装置を用意した。阻流部材には、線径φ0.6mmのコイルを用いた。阻流部材を回収流路のみに設けたことで、カソード電極における流抵抗R1、回収流路における流抵抗R2および供給流路における流抵抗R3は、R1>R2>R3となった。
供給流路に線径φ0.1mmのコイルを配置した点を除いて、実施例1と同一構成の有機ハイドライド製造装置を用意した。供給流路に設けられる阻流部材よりも線径の太い阻流部材を回収流路に設けたことで、カソード電極における流抵抗R1、回収流路における流抵抗R2および供給流路における流抵抗R3は、R1>R2>R3となった。そして、実施例1と同様にカソード電極内の差圧測定を実施した。また、実施例1と同じ条件で電解反応を実施し、ファラデー効率95%時のカソード液のトルエン濃度を測定した。結果を図6に示す。
阻流部材を回収流路に配置しない点を除いて、実施例1と同一構成の有機ハイドライド製造装置を用意した。回収流路および供給流路の両方に阻流部材を設けなかったことで、カソード電極における流抵抗R1、回収流路における流抵抗R2および供給流路における流抵抗R3は、R1>R2=R3となった。そして、実施例1と同様にカソード電極内の差圧測定を実施した。また、実施例1と同じ条件で電解反応を実施し、ファラデー効率95%時のカソード液のトルエン濃度を測定した。結果を図6に示す。
回収流路および供給流路の両方に線径φ0.6mmのコイルを配置した点を除いて、実施例1と同一構成の有機ハイドライド製造装置を用意した。回収流路および供給流路の両方に同じ線径の阻流部材を設けたことで、カソード電極における流抵抗R1、回収流路における流抵抗R2および供給流路における流抵抗R3は、R1>R2=R3となった。そして、実施例1と同様にカソード電極内の差圧測定を実施した。また、実施例1と同じ条件で電解反応を実施し、ファラデー効率95%時のカソード液のトルエン濃度を測定した。結果を図6に示す。
Claims (5)
- アノード液中の水を酸化してプロトンを生成するアノード電極、およびカソード液中の被水素化物を前記プロトンで水素化して有機ハイドライドを生成するカソード電極が、前記アノード電極側から前記カソード電極側に前記プロトンを移動させる隔膜を挟んで積層された膜電極接合体と、
鉛直方向に延び、下方から上方に向かってカソード液が流れるとともに前記カソード電極にカソード液を送出する供給流路と、
鉛直方向に延び、前記カソード電極からカソード液が流入する回収流路と、を備え、
前記カソード電極を流れるカソード液の流抵抗R1、前記回収流路を流れるカソード液の流抵抗R2および前記供給流路を流れるカソード液の流抵抗R3は、R1>R2>R3の関係を満たす、
有機ハイドライド製造装置。 - 前記有機ハイドライド製造装置は、前記膜電極接合体に積層されるプレート部材を備え、
前記供給流路および前記回収流路は、前記プレート部材の表面に設けられる溝で構成され、
前記有機ハイドライド製造装置は、少なくとも前記回収流路内に配置されて前記回収流路における流抵抗R2を前記供給流路における流抵抗R3より高める阻流部材を備える、
請求項1に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置。 - 前記阻流部材は、前記回収流路に沿って延びる長尺体である、
請求項2に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置。 - 前記阻流部材は、コイルまたはステントで構成される、
請求項3に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置。 - 前記阻流部材は、多孔質部材で構成される、
請求項2または3に記載の有機ハイドライド製造装置。
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