WO2023110142A1 - Verfahren zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und luftzerlegungsanlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und luftzerlegungsanlage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023110142A1 WO2023110142A1 PCT/EP2022/025517 EP2022025517W WO2023110142A1 WO 2023110142 A1 WO2023110142 A1 WO 2023110142A1 EP 2022025517 W EP2022025517 W EP 2022025517W WO 2023110142 A1 WO2023110142 A1 WO 2023110142A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
- F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
- F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
- F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
- F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
- F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04721—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column
- F25J3/04727—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column using an auxiliary pure argon column for nitrogen rejection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04793—Rectification, e.g. columns; Reboiler-condenser
- F25J3/048—Argon recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04793—Rectification, e.g. columns; Reboiler-condenser
- F25J3/048—Argon recovery
- F25J3/04806—High purity argon purification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
- F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
- F25J2200/92—Details relating to the feed point
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
- F25J2215/54—Oxygen production with multiple pressure O2
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/58—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being argon or crude argon
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
- F25J2240/46—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being oxygen
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the low-temperature separation of air and an air separation plant according to the respective preambles of the independent patent claims.
- Air separation plants have rectification column arrangements that can be designed in different ways.
- rectification columns for obtaining nitrogen and/or oxygen in the liquid and/or gaseous state i.e. rectification columns for nitrogen-oxygen separation, which can be combined in particular in a known double column, rectification columns for obtaining other air components, in particular noble gases, or from be provided pure oxygen.
- the rectification columns of typical rectification column arrangements are operated at different pressure levels.
- Known double columns have a so-called pressure column (also referred to as a high-pressure column, medium-pressure column or lower column) and a so-called low-pressure column (upper column).
- the high-pressure column is typically operated at a pressure level of 4 to 7 bar, in particular about 5.3 bar, while the low-pressure column is operated at a pressure level of typically 1 to 2 bar, in particular about 1.4 bar. In certain cases, higher pressure levels can also be used in these rectification columns.
- the pressures given here and below are absolute pressures at the top of the rectification columns given in each case. Air separation plants with crude and pure argon columns can be used to produce argon.
- the crude argon column essentially serves to separate the oxygen from the gas drawn off from the crude argon column.
- the oxygen separated off in the crude argon column or a corresponding oxygen-rich fluid can be returned in liquid form to the low-pressure column.
- a gaseous fraction which essentially contains argon and nitrogen and which remains after the separation in the crude argon column is separated further in the pure argon column to obtain pure argon.
- the crude and pure argon columns have top condensers which can be cooled in particular with part of a liquid which is drawn off from the high-pressure column and is enriched in oxygen and depleted in nitrogen (so-called “enriched liquid”), which partially evaporates during this cooling. This is also the case within the scope of the present invention.
- the gas phase formed in the partial evaporation and the correspondingly remaining liquid are also fed into the low-pressure column at different feed points, the choice of which will be explained below.
- the oxygen or the oxygen-rich fluid from the crude argon column is typically fed back into the low-pressure column from the high-pressure column several theoretical or practical trays below the feed points for the partially vaporized liquid used during cooling.
- the object of the present invention is to specify means that improve the operation of an air separation plant with an argon recovery system having a crude and a pure argon column.
- the present invention proposes a method for the low-temperature separation of air and an air separation plant with the features of the respective independent patent claims. Configurations are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims and the following description.
- a “condenser evaporator” is used here to refer to a heat exchanger in which a first, condensing, fluid flow undergoes indirect heat exchange with a second, evaporating, fluid flow.
- Each condenser evaporator has a condensing space and an evaporating space.
- Condensation and evaporation chambers have liquefaction and evaporation passages. The condensation (liquefaction) of the first fluid stream is carried out in the liquefaction chamber, and the evaporation of the second fluid stream is carried out in the evaporation chamber.
- the evaporating and condensing spaces are formed by groups of passages which are in heat exchange relationship with each other.
- Condenser evaporators are also referred to as “top condenser” and “bottom evaporators” according to their function, with a top condenser being a condenser evaporator in which the top gas of a rectification column is condensed and a bottom evaporator being a condenser evaporator in which the bottom liquid of a rectification column is evaporated.
- top condenser for example as used in the present invention, bottom liquid are evaporated.
- the main condenser which connects a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column of an air separation plant in a heat-exchanging manner, is designed as a condenser evaporator.
- the main condenser or other condenser evaporators can be designed as single-stage or multi-stage bath evaporators, in particular as cascade evaporators (as described, for example, in EP 1 287302 B1), or as falling-film evaporators.
- a corresponding condenser evaporator can be formed, for example, by a single heat exchanger block or by a plurality of heat exchanger blocks which are arranged in a common pressure vessel.
- a liquid flow is pushed through the evaporation space by its own pressure and partially evaporated there.
- Forced-flow evaporators are sometimes also referred to as "once-through evaporators”.
- This pressure is generated, for example, by a liquid column in the feed line to the evaporation chamber, which results from a corresponding positioning of a liquid reservoir. The height of this liquid column corresponds at least to the pressure loss in the evaporation space.
- the gas or gas-liquid mixture exiting the evaporation chamber i.e.
- a two-phase stream is passed on in a once-through/forced-flow condenser evaporator directly to the next process step or to a downstream device and is in particular not passed into a liquid bath of the condenser evaporator, from which the remaining liquid portion would be sucked in again, as is the case, for example, in a conventional bath evaporator working on the basis of the well-known thermosiphon effect.
- Fluids ie liquids and gases, as used herein, may be rich or poor in one or more components, with “rich” meaning at least 50%, 75%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5% , 99.9% or 99.99% and “poor” for a content of not more than 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% or 0.01% Molecular, weight or volume basis.
- the term “predominantly” may correspond to the definition of "rich”.
- Fluids may also be enriched or depleted in one or more components, which terms refer to a content in a source fluid from which the fluid was derived.
- the fluid is "enriched” when it has at least 1.1 times, 1.5 times, 2 times, 5 times, 10 times, 100 times or 1,000 times the content, and “depleted” when this contains at most 0.9 times, 0.5 times, 0.1 times, 0.01 times or 0.001 times the content of a corresponding component, based on the starting fluid. If, for example, “oxygen” or “nitrogen” is mentioned here, this also includes a fluid that is rich in oxygen or nitrogen, but does not necessarily have to consist exclusively of them.
- pressure range and "temperature range” to characterize pressures and temperatures, which is intended to express the fact that corresponding pressures and temperatures in a corresponding system do not have to be used in the form of exact pressure or temperature values in order to to realize the inventive concept.
- Corresponding pressure ranges and temperature ranges may be disjoint ranges or ranges that overlap one another.
- Absolute and/or relative spatial information used below refer here in particular to the spatial orientation of the correspondingly designated elements of an air separation plant, for example Rectification columns, sub-columns of multi-part rectification columns, or rectification areas of rectification columns in normal operation.
- An arrangement of two elements "on top of each other” is understood here in particular to mean that the upper end of the lower of the two elements is at a lower or the same geodetic height as the lower end of the upper of the two elements and the projections of the two elements on a horizontal plane intersect .
- the two elements can be arranged exactly one above the other, ie the vertical central axes of the two elements run on the same vertical one straights.
- An arrangement "side by side” should be understood in particular to mean that the projections of the two elements onto a horizontal plane do not overlap.
- terms such as “functionally below” or “functionally above” refer to the arrangement of rectification regions or sub-columns that they would have if the rectification column were of one-piece design.
- the present invention is based in particular on the finding that state-of-the-art air separation plants with raw and pure argon columns, whose top condensers are cooled in the manner explained at the outset, have two major disadvantages:
- the oxygen-enriched liquid used for cooling in the top condensers of the crude and pure argon columns and withdrawn from the pressure column is throttled into the evaporation space of the top condenser of the crude argon column.
- a certain amount evaporates as so-called flash gas.
- the proportion of steam in the throttled flow, ie the proportion of flash gas, is typically around 10%.
- the composition of the vapor differs significantly (due to the equilibrium conditions) from the composition of the liquid phase.
- the liquid phase is almost completely vaporized in the top condenser of the crude argon column, with the vaporization gas that forms mixing with the flash gas. This leads to a mixing of two gas streams with different compositions, which is not thermodynamically correct, since this mixture has to be further separated afterwards.
- the present invention overcomes these disadvantages by providing a process for the cryogenic separation of air using an air separation unit having a rectification column assembly including a pressure column, a low pressure column, a crude argon column and a pure
- a first liquid pressure flow is formed, which is expanded to obtain a first flash gas and leaving a first low-pressure liquid.
- a second liquid pressure stream is formed using a second portion of the oxygen-enriched liquid from the pressure column and is expanded to give a second flash gas and a second low pressure liquid.
- the relaxation of the two parts can be done together in the same valve or separately in a separate valve.
- the crude argon column is operated using a first overhead gas condensation arrangement in which overhead gas of the crude argon column is subjected to condensation with partial evaporation of a first cooling liquid provided using the first low pressure liquid or a part thereof.
- the pure argon column is operated using a second top gas condensation arrangement in which top gas of the pure argon column is subjected to condensation with partial vaporization of a second coolant liquid provided using the second low pressure liquid or a portion thereof.
- a first evaporation gas formed during the partial evaporation of the first cooling liquid or a part thereof and a first excess liquid remaining during the partial evaporation of the first cooling liquid or a part thereof are fed into the low-pressure column.
- a second evaporation gas formed during the partial evaporation of the second cooling liquid or a part thereof and a second excess liquid remaining during the partial evaporation of the second cooling liquid or a part thereof are fed into the low-pressure column.
- vaporization gas refers to the vaporized portion that results from the heat transfer from the respective top gases of the raw and pure argon columns in the top gas condensation arrangements or
- condenser evaporators forming condenser evaporators herein. Any remaining liquid residue is referred to herein as an "excess liquid”.
- flash gas is intended to designate the gas or vapor component that forms only as a result of expansion.
- the first evaporation gas or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column is fed partially or completely into the low-pressure column in a first feed region.
- the second evaporation gas or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column is fed partially or completely into the low-pressure column in a second feed region.
- the two gas phases formed in the respective top condensers are fed separately into the low-pressure column in different and respectively suitable positions.
- the second excess liquid or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column is partly or completely fed into the second feed region into the low-pressure column, ie at a position at which the second evaporation gas is also fed.
- the first flash gas or a part thereof can be used
- the first feed area is 5 to 25 theoretical trays below the second feed area
- the first and second feed areas are areas that do not include any separating devices and are each arranged between an upper separating area arranged above and a lower separating area arranged below.
- the upper separating area of the first (lower) feed area simultaneously represents the lower separating area of the second (upper) feed area, ie lies exactly between the two feed areas.
- the separating areas are filled with material exchange elements and are preferably designed as packing sections.
- the evaporation gas is introduced from the top gas condensation arrangement of the pure argon column into the low-pressure column, in particular at the same separation stage as the residual liquid remaining here.
- both streams are in thermodynamic equilibrium, no additional liquid distributor is required.
- Both streams can be fed into the low-pressure column, for example, in the form of a two-phase stream via a two-phase nozzle.
- phase separation devices are provided for flash gas separation after expansion in separate valves, for example a simple phase separator (separator) for the first flash gas (first phase separation) and/or the evaporation space of the second top gas condensation arrangement for the second flash gas.
- the expansion upstream of the phase separation can take place in particular from the operating pressure level of the pressure column to an operating pressure level of the low-pressure column.
- different paths can be taken here, which will be explained below.
- the first and second liquid pressure streams are expanded in a common valve and subjected to a phase separation together, preferably in the evaporation space of the second top gas condensation arrangement, which also acts as a phase separator.
- the first cooling liquid is then derived from the liquid phase of the evaporation space.
- the first flash gas is withdrawn together with the second evaporation gas from the evaporation space of the second top gas condensation arrangement.
- the first flash gas can be fed into the low-pressure column separately from the first evaporation gas in the second feed region, with the first flash gas in particular being transferred unthrottled into the low-pressure column (12) after it has been made available in the first phase separation.
- the first vaporization gas or a part thereof can be fed into the low-pressure column together with the first excess liquid or a part thereof as a first two-phase stream in the first feed zone.
- one or more "forced-flow" condenser evaporators of the type explained can be used in the first overhead gas condensation arrangement.
- the first low-pressure liquid or a part thereof as the first cooling liquid through one or more condenser evaporators, or as part of the first Head gas condensation arrangement is formed or are, forcibly guided and subjected to the partial evaporation to the first evaporation gas and the first excess liquid.
- "Forcibly guided” here means feeding into the evaporation space under pressure, for example by means of a pipeline
- the restricted guidance is brought about by a pressure from the liquid column.
- the first low-pressure liquid or the part thereof that is forced through the one or more condenser evaporators is advantageously held in a reservoir for this purpose, which is arranged geodetically above one or more feed positions in the one or more condenser evaporators.
- a "once-through" arrangement is particularly preferably used, in which the first vaporization gas and the first excess liquid are discharged from the condenser-evaporator as the first two-phase stream without recycling the first excess liquid or a part thereof into the one or more condenser-evaporators.
- the first flash gas can be transferred unthrottled into the low-pressure column after it has been made available in the phase separation.
- the second vaporization gas or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column in the second feed area can be combined, in particular with the second excess liquid or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column in the second feed area, to form a second two-phase stream which is present in the second Feeding area is fed into the low-pressure column.
- the first top gas condensation arrangement can have in particular a bath evaporator with an evaporation chamber in which the phase separation is integrated, in particular as a conical installation.
- Top gas condensation arrangement without pressure-changing measures in the Low-pressure column are introduced.
- a pressure then arises in the evaporation space of the first top gas condensation arrangement which corresponds to the operating pressure of the low-pressure column plus line losses. This ensures stable operation of the system under normal conditions.
- the liquid argon can be supercooled to such an extent that there is a risk that the condensation passages will be blocked by freezing argon (triple point of argon: 83.8 K).
- This problem is solved when the first excess liquid and the first vaporization gas are fed together as a first two-phase stream to the low-pressure column, according to a further aspect of the invention in that the two-phase stream is passed between the first overhead gas condensation arrangement and the low-pressure column through a throttle valve.
- the throttle valve By partially closing the throttle valve, the pressure and thus the temperature in the evaporation chamber can be increased in the case of underload, effectively preventing the condenser evaporator from freezing up.
- the valve is preferably designed as an automatic valve; alternatively, a manual valve can be used. Overall, a particularly stable operation of the first top gas condensation arrangement and the crude argon column results.
- the throttle valve can be fully open at least at times during operation, in particular during normal operation.
- the first excess liquid can be passed between the top gas condensation arrangement and the throttle valve through a phase separator, in which the first vaporization gas and the first excess liquid are separated from one another.
- the first vaporization gas is then introduced into the low pressure column separately from the first excess liquid.
- the pressure in the evaporation space is not adjusted here by the valve in the line for the first excess liquid, but by a valve in the evaporation gas line connected to the phase separator.
- the liquid level in the phase separator can be measured. Depending on the measured value, the amount of first cooling liquid that is introduced into the first top gas condensation arrangement is preferably adjusted. The amount of liquid occurring in the phase separator is preferably volume-controlled.
- the throttle valve which regulates the pressure in the evaporation chamber, is preferably set in such a way that the temperature of the first cooling liquid is above the triple point temperature of argon when it enters the first overhead gas condensation arrangement.
- This entry temperature is preferably at least 0.1 to 2.0 K, in particular 0.1 to 1.0 K, above the triple point of argon.
- the invention can be used for all process circuit topologies with argon recovery, regardless of the type of refrigeration or the type of product compression.
- process circuit topologies with argon recovery include in particular what are known as MAC/BAC or HAP processes, such as those described in paragraphs [0022] to [0025] of EP 3 196 573 A1, processes with a nitrogen cycle, as described in EP 2 235 460 A2 or in H.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an air separation plant according to an embodiment not according to the invention in a simplified representation.
- Figures 2 to 4 illustrate air separation plants according to embodiments of the invention with separate phase separation of the two liquid pressure flows in a simplified representation.
- Figure 5 shows a detail view from Figures 3 and 4.
- FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the invention with a common phase separation of the two pressurized liquid streams in the evaporation space of the top condenser of the pure argon column.
- FIGS. 7 to 10 show further configurations of the invention with additional measures downstream of the top condenser of the crude argon column.
- FIG. 1 an air separation plant according to an embodiment of the present invention that is not according to the invention is illustrated in the form of a simplified process flow diagram and is denoted overall by 90 .
- Air separation plants of the type shown are often described elsewhere, for example in (see above), Industrial Gases Processing, Wiley-VCH, 2006, in particular section 2.2.5, "Cryogenic Rectification” and in connection with FIG. 2.3A.
- An air separation plant for the use of the present invention can be designed in the most varied of ways. As mentioned, the present invention can in principle be used for all process cycle topologies with argon recovery, regardless of the type of refrigeration or the type of product compression.
- the air separation plant 90 shown as an example in Figure 1 has, among other things, a main air compressor 1, a pre-cooling device 2, a cleaning system 3, a booster arrangement 4, a first booster turbine 5, a second booster turbine 6, a main heat exchanger 7, pumps 8 and 9 and a rectification column system 10
- the rectification column system 10 comprises a classic double column arrangement consisting of a pressure column 11 and a low-pressure column 12 as well as a crude argon column 13 and a pure argon column 14.
- the crude argon column 13 and the pure argon column 14 have a top gas condensation arrangement referred to here as the "first" and "second" top gas condensation arrangement 13.10 and 14.10, each of which includes a reflux or bath condenser evaporator.
- an input air stream is sucked in and compressed by the main air compressor 1 via a filter (not designated).
- the compressed feed air flow is fed to the pre-cooling device 2 operated with cooling water.
- the pre-cooled input air flow is cleaned in the cleaning system 3.
- the cleaning system 3 which typically comprises a pair of adsorber containers used in alternating operation, the pre-cooled feed air flow is largely freed from water and carbon dioxide.
- the feed air flow Downstream of the cleaning system 3, the feed air flow is divided into partial flows.
- the air in the feed air stream is cooled in the main heat exchanger 7 in a manner that is known in principle.
- two so-called turbine streams are formed in corresponding turbines.
- the booster unit of the turbine booster 6 is designed as a so-called cold booster, i.e. it is charged with air from the main heat exchanger 7 that has already been cooled. Air that has been completely cooled in the main heat exchanger 7 is expanded in the liquefied state via throttle valves, which are not designated separately, and fed into the rectification column system as so-called throttle streams.
- an oxygen-enriched liquid bottom fraction and a nitrogen-enriched gaseous top fraction are formed in the pressure column 11.
- the oxygen-enriched liquid bottom fraction is withdrawn from the pressure column 11 and in portions in the evaporation chambers of the reflux or bath condenser evaporator in the top gas condensation arrangements 13.10 and 14.10 relaxed.
- Gas fractions formed by the expansion and evaporation against the top gas of the crude or pure argon column 13, 14 are fed into the low-pressure column 12, as is the liquid that has not evaporated here.
- the operation of the air separation plant 90 illustrated here is customary in the art, so that reference is made to the technical literature cited.
- the crude argon column 13 is fed in the usual way from the low-pressure column 11, the pure argon column 14 in the usual way from the crude argon column 13.
- Air separation plants according to embodiments of the invention are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and denoted by 100, 200 and 300, respectively.
- an oxygen-enriched liquid withdrawn from the pressure column 11 is denoted by A.
- a first liquid pressure stream B is formed, which is expanded to obtain a first flash gas and a first low-pressure liquid to remain in a valve that is not designated separately.
- the configurations 100 and 200 differ essentially in that the turbine booster 6 is not present in the configuration 200 of FIG.
- a reflux or bath condenser evaporator 13.12 is used in the first overhead gas condensation arrangement 13.10, in which a phase separator 13.11 is integrated.
- the first low-pressure liquid flows out of the phase separator 13.11 into the evaporation space of the reflux or bath condenser evaporator 13.12; the first flash gas can be withdrawn as also illustrated with C.
- a second liquid pressure stream D is formed using a second portion of the oxygen-enriched liquid from the pressure column 11, which is expanded to obtain a second flash gas and to leave a second low-pressure liquid, the second flash gas being designated E in each case.
- the crude argon column 13 is thus operated here in each case using a first top gas condensation arrangement 13.10, in which the top gas of the crude argon column 13 is subjected to a condensation with partial evaporation of a first cooling liquid which is provided using the first low-pressure liquid or a part thereof,
- the pure argon column 14 is operated using a second top gas condensation arrangement 14.10 in which top gas of the pure argon column 14 is subjected to condensation with partial vaporization of a second cooling liquid provided using the second low pressure liquid or a part thereof.
- a first evaporation gas formed during the partial evaporation of the first cooling liquid or a part thereof and a first excess liquid remaining during the partial evaporation of the first cooling liquid or a part thereof are fed into the low-pressure column 12 in both configurations 100, 200 and 300 according to Figures 2, 3 and 4 , as illustrated with F and G.
- a second evaporation gas formed during the partial evaporation of the second cooling liquid or a part thereof and a second excess liquid remaining during the partial evaporation of the second cooling liquid or a part thereof are fed into the low-pressure column 12, as illustrated by H and I.
- the configurations 100 and 200 according to FIGS. 2 and 3 on the one hand and the configuration 300 according to FIG. 4 on the other hand result from the configurations of the condenser evaporator 13.12 in the first top gas condensation arrangement 13.10.
- Its evaporation space is designed as a bath evaporator in FIG.
- the first evaporation gas F from the evaporation chamber is separated from the first Excess liquid G (and separately from the first flash gas C) withdrawn.
- the first evaporation gas F and the first excess liquid G are carried out together in the form of a two-phase stream.
- the liquefaction chamber of the condenser-evaporator 13.12 can be designed as a reflux condenser, or conventionally as a classic flow condenser.
- the first evaporation gas F or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column 12 is always partly or completely fed into the low-pressure column 12 in a first feed region, in particular at a common position with the first excess liquid G.
- the second evaporation gas H or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column 12 is partly or completely fed into the low-pressure column 12 in a second feed region.
- the second excess liquid I or the part thereof fed into the low-pressure column 12 is partly or completely fed into the second feed region into the low-pressure column 12 .
- the first flash gas C or a part thereof is fed partially or completely and separately from the first evaporation gas F into the low-pressure column 12 in the second feed region.
- a transfer stream from the crude argon column 13 into the pure argon column is additionally denoted by T in FIG. 4 and is also present in the other configurations.
- FIG. 5 shows a detail view from FIGS. 3 and 4 with corresponding reference numbers. Reference is made to the above explanations.
- FIG. 6 shows very schematically the upper ends of the columns 10, 13 and 14.
- the process is the same as in FIG. 2 or FIG. Crude argon head condenser) built-in separator as in Figures 4 and 5, but simply the evaporation space of the second head gas condensation arrangement 14.10 (pure argon head condenser).
- the two liquid pressure streams B and H are introduced together downstream of the bottom evaporator 600 of the pure argon column 14 in valve 601 and via line 602 together into this evaporation chamber of the second top gas condensation arrangement 14.10, which acts as a common phase separator.
- the first flash gas C is drawn off via line 603 together with the second evaporation gas E produced in the condenser evaporator 14.10.
- the first cooling liquid K is drawn off together with the second excess liquid I via line 604 from the evaporation space of the second top gas condensation arrangement 14.10 and separately into the evaporation space of a first Top gas condensation arrangement (13.10) introduced for the purpose of partial evaporation.
- the first top gas condensation arrangement (13.10) is designed as a forced flow evaporator on the evaporation side.
- the remaining fluids to and from the first overhead gas condenser assembly (13.10) are routed as in Figures 2 and 3.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 there are reduced production costs for the system and also a reduced need for floor space (footprint), thus also reduced boxes for the insulating cold box and its filling with insulating material such as perlite.
- FIG. 7 represents, also schematically, a further development based on FIG. However, the further development can also be applied to FIGS. 2 and 3, in which the first top gas condensation arrangement (13.10) also has a forced flow evaporator.
- a valve throttle valve
- flap 703 in the downcomer 703 of the two-phase stream 701. This or these are usually fully open during normal operation.
- the two-phase flow can be throttled in order to increase the pressure and thus the temperature in the first overhead gas condensation arrangement (13.10). This effectively prevents argon from freezing out and particularly stable operation can be achieved.
- the valve can be pressure-controlled (or alternatively temperature-controlled).
- FIG. 7 also shows the corresponding control elements. mean:
- the data lines between the measuring and control elements are shown in broken lines in FIG. 7 (and also in FIGS. 8 and 9).
- FIC1 regulates the supply of second excess liquid I into the low-pressure column 12.
- FIC2 controls the supply of condensate from the first overhead gas condensation arrangement (13.10) as a function of the amount used for the crude argon column.
- PIC1 controls the pressure on the evaporation side of the second top gas condensation arrangement (14.10).
- LIC1 regulates the amount of first cooling liquid that flows into the first overhead gas condenser arrangement (13.10).
- LIC2 regulates the total amount of coolant by measuring the sump level in the high-pressure column.
- the liquid fraction in stream 701 is determined by calculation and, if necessary, adjusted by FIC1.
- phase separator 804 to separate the two-phase stream 701 into the first evaporation gas F and the first excess liquid G. This variant is shown in FIG.
- the first evaporation gas F is then passed through a throttle valve 803 , which is arranged between the phase separator 804 and the low-pressure column 12 , similar to the liquid above.
- the regulation is also shown in FIG. PIC1 and LIC2 have the same function as in FIG. 7.
- the pressure on the evaporation side of the second top gas condensation arrangement (14.10) can be regulated with PIC2 if necessary.
- a TIC (Temperature Indication and Control) regulator can be used with regulation of the temperature of the first cooling liquid as it enters the first top gas condensation arrangement (13.10).
- LIC3 regulates the amount of first cooling liquid that flows into the first top gas condensation arrangement (13.10), but here depending on the measured value of the filling level in the phase separator 804.
- the amount of second excess liquid I that flows to the low-pressure column is controlled by LIC4 depending on the liquid level set on the evaporation side of the pure argon condenser.
- regulators FIC3 and FIC4 in the lines for the second excess liquid G and the crude argon that is passed into the pure argon column 14.
- the controller FIC3 is particularly important. As a result, the liquid fraction in stream 701 can be regulated directly (and not determined by calculation) and dry evaporation in the condenser can be avoided.
- FIG. 9 shows, in simplified form, a particular embodiment of the invention according to FIG.
- the first head gas condensation arrangement does not lose its character as a forced flow evaporator. Rather, the liquid to be evaporated continues to flow forced and the line at LIC3 and the header on the heat exchanger block into the evaporation passages and is not sucked out of the liquid bath of the separator 804 as it would be with a bath evaporator.
- FIG 10 is very similar to Figure 8. Here, however, valve 803 is regulated depending on the amount used in the crude argon columns.
- Figures 7 to 10 can also be applied to the overall processes of Figures 2 and 3, for example with a separate phase separator for the first liquid pressure stream or with one integrated into the top gas condensation arrangement.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
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EP22813416.9A EP4453490A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-17 | Verfahren zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und luftzerlegungsanlage |
CN202280081503.9A CN118369549A (zh) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-17 | 用于空气深冷分离的方法和空气分离单元 |
KR1020247019093A KR20240125923A (ko) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-17 | 공기의 극저온 분리 방법 및 공기 분리 플랜트 |
CA3240240A CA3240240A1 (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-17 | Method for the cryogenic separation of air, and air separation plant |
US18/718,242 US20250052493A1 (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-17 | Method for the cryogenic separation of air, and air separation plant |
MX2024006951A MX2024006951A (es) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-17 | Metodo para la separacion criogenica de aire, y planta de separacion de aire. |
PCT/EP2023/025485 WO2024104613A2 (de) | 2022-11-17 | 2023-11-16 | Verfahren zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und luftzerlegungsanlage |
CN202380075858.1A CN120129811A (zh) | 2022-11-17 | 2023-11-16 | 用于低温分离空气的方法和空气分离设备 |
TW112144458A TW202434845A (zh) | 2022-11-17 | 2023-11-17 | 低溫分離空氣的方法及空氣分離設備 |
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US20230168030A1 (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2023-06-01 | Linde Gmbh | Process for cryogenic fractionation of air, air fractionation plant and integrated system composed of at least two air fractionation plants |
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EP2235460A2 (de) | 2008-01-28 | 2010-10-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperatur-luftzerlegung |
EP3176526A1 (de) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und anordnung zum überführen von fluid |
EP3196573A1 (de) | 2016-01-21 | 2017-07-26 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur gewinnung eines luftprodukts und luftzerlegungs anlage |
EP3696486A1 (de) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-19 | Linde GmbH | Verfahren und anlage zur bereitstellung eines oder mehrerer sauerstoffreicher, gasförmiger luftprodukte |
-
2022
- 2022-11-17 WO PCT/EP2022/025517 patent/WO2023110142A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-12-03 TW TW111146474A patent/TW202332874A/zh unknown
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EP1287302B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2005-09-21 | Linde AG | Mehrstöckiger badkondensator |
DE10334559A1 (de) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-16 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Krypton und/oder Xenon durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
EP2235460A2 (de) | 2008-01-28 | 2010-10-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperatur-luftzerlegung |
EP3176526A1 (de) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und anordnung zum überführen von fluid |
EP3196573A1 (de) | 2016-01-21 | 2017-07-26 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur gewinnung eines luftprodukts und luftzerlegungs anlage |
EP3696486A1 (de) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-19 | Linde GmbH | Verfahren und anlage zur bereitstellung eines oder mehrerer sauerstoffreicher, gasförmiger luftprodukte |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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H.-W. HÄRING: "Industrial Gases Processing", 2006, WILEY-VCH, article "Cryogenic Rectification" |
HE XIUFEN ET AL: "A novel air separation unit with energy storage and generation and its energy efficiency and economy analysis", APPLIED ENERGY, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, GB, vol. 281, 3 November 2020 (2020-11-03), XP086353953, ISSN: 0306-2619, [retrieved on 20201103], DOI: 10.1016/J.APENERGY.2020.115976 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230168030A1 (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2023-06-01 | Linde Gmbh | Process for cryogenic fractionation of air, air fractionation plant and integrated system composed of at least two air fractionation plants |
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TW202332874A (zh) | 2023-08-16 |
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