WO2022203035A1 - ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子、および、ポリプロピレン系発泡成形体、並びにそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子、および、ポリプロピレン系発泡成形体、並びにそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022203035A1 WO2022203035A1 PCT/JP2022/014281 JP2022014281W WO2022203035A1 WO 2022203035 A1 WO2022203035 A1 WO 2022203035A1 JP 2022014281 W JP2022014281 W JP 2022014281W WO 2022203035 A1 WO2022203035 A1 WO 2022203035A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polypropylene
- weight
- expanded
- particles
- hindered amine
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 167
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl phosphite Chemical compound CC(C)OP(OC(C)C)OC(C)C SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJOVEPJSFHDSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl) phosphite Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(C(F)(F)F)OP(OC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)OC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F MJOVEPJSFHDSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0038—Use of organic additives containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0028—Use of organic additives containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/18—Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
- C08J9/232—Forming foamed products by sintering expandable particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/044—Micropores, i.e. average diameter being between 0,1 micrometer and 0,1 millimeter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/14—Copolymers of propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polypropylene-based foamed particles, polypropylene-based foamed moldings, and methods for producing them.
- Patent Literature 1 describes polyolefin pre-expanded particles that can provide a foam molded article with excellent flame retardancy by adding specific amounts of an organic phosphorus compound and a hindered amine to polyolefin resin expanded particles. is disclosed.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide expanded polypropylene particles that can provide a polypropylene-based expanded molded article that is more excellent in flame retardancy than the conventional technology. .
- the present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes the following configuration.
- the polypropylene-based resin particles contain more than 10.0% by weight of an organic phosphorus-based compound (B) and 20.0% by weight or less, and a hindered amine ( C) 1.0% to 10.0% by weight, and a method for producing expanded polypropylene particles.
- polypropylene-based foamed particles that can provide a polypropylene-based foamed molded article that is more excellent in flame retardancy than the conventional technology.
- the structural units include a structural unit derived from the X1 monomer, a structural unit derived from the X2 monomer, ... and an Xn monomer ( n is An integer of 2 or more) is also referred to as "X 1 /X 2 /.../X n copolymer".
- the X 1 /X 2 /.../X n copolymer is not particularly limited in its polymerization mode unless otherwise specified, and may be a random copolymer or an alternating copolymer. It may be a block copolymer or a graft copolymer.
- X unit a structural unit derived from an X monomer contained in a polymer or copolymer
- Patent Document 1 The technology described in Patent Document 1 was an excellent technology in view of the technical level at the time when Patent Document 1 was filed.
- flame retardancy standards have become more stringent than at the time when Patent Document 1 was filed.
- OI oxygen index
- UL94 vertical combustion test
- UL94 specifies the burning duration of the material, and even if the burning particles fall (dripping) when the material burns, the surrounding combustibles will not be ignited (before contacting the surrounding combustibles, It can be said that the falling particles extinguish the fire, and the presence or absence of ignition due to dripping). It can also be said that a foam molded product that satisfies the standards of UL94 (in particular, standard V-0) is a foam molded product that is excellent in self-extinguishing properties.
- a known technique is to impart flame retardancy to a polypropylene-based foamed molded product by adding a halogen-containing compound.
- halogen-containing compounds particularly bromine-containing organic compounds (eg, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, etc.) have been found to be harmful to the environment and human health, and have come to be regarded as a problem.
- European Union regulations from July 2006 prohibit the manufacture and use of pentabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl oxide, and limit the amount of decabromodiphenyl oxide used.
- the polypropylene-based expanded beads according to one embodiment of the present invention are polypropylene-based expanded beads containing a polypropylene-based resin (A), an organic phosphorus-based compound (B), and a hindered amine (C), wherein the polypropylene-based 10.0% by weight to 20.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and 1.0% to 10.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the foamed particles. include.
- a polypropylene-based expanded molded product can be provided by molding the expanded polypropylene-based particles according to one embodiment of the present invention by a known method.
- polypropylene-based expanded beads may be referred to as “expanded beads”
- polypropylene-based expanded beads according to one embodiment of the present invention may be referred to as “present expanded beads”
- polypropylene A “base resin foam molded article” may be referred to as a “foam molded article”.
- the present foamed particles have the above configuration, and thus have the advantage of being able to provide a foamed molded article with excellent flame retardancy. It can also be said that the present foamed particles can provide polypropylene-based foamed molded articles that are excellent in self-extinguishing properties and/or non-ignitability.
- the polypropylene-based resin (A) means a resin containing at least 50 mol% or more of structural units derived from a propylene monomer in 100 mol% of all structural units contained in the resin.
- structural unit derived from propylene monomer may be referred to as "propylene unit”.
- the polypropylene-based resin (A) may be (a) a homopolymer of propylene, or (b) a block copolymer, alternating copolymer, random copolymer, or It may be a graft copolymer or (c) a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the polypropylene-based resin (A) has the advantage of being able to process resin particles and foamed particles at a low heating temperature in the later-described foaming step and in-mold foam molding step.
- a random copolymer with a monomer is preferred.
- a "random copolymer of propylene and a monomer other than propylene" can also be said to be a random copolymer containing structural units derived from propylene and structural units derived from a monomer other than propylene.
- the polypropylene resin (A) may have one or more structural units derived from a monomer other than the propylene monomer, or may have one or more types.
- a "monomer other than a propylene monomer” used in the production of the polypropylene-based resin (A) may be referred to as a "comonomer”.
- a "structural unit derived from a monomer other than a propylene monomer” contained in a polypropylene-based resin may be referred to as a "comonomer unit".
- Comonomers include ethylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 3,4-dimethyl-1-butene, 1-heptene, Examples include ⁇ -olefins having 2 or 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as 3-methyl-1-hexene, 1-octene and 1-decene.
- polypropylene-based resin (A) examples include polypropylene homopolymer, ethylene/propylene random copolymer, 1-butene/propylene random copolymer, 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymer, and ethylene/propylene. block copolymers, 1-butene/propylene block copolymers, propylene/chlorinated vinyl copolymers, propylene/maleic anhydride copolymers, styrene-modified polypropylene resins, and the like. As the polypropylene-based resin (A), one of these may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- ethylene/propylene random copolymers and 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymers have good expandability in the resulting expanded beads and good moldability in the molded product. It is suitable from the point that it has.
- the 1-butene is synonymous with butene-1.
- the ethylene content in the ethylene/propylene random copolymer is preferably 0.2 wt% to 15.0 wt%, and preferably 0.5 wt% to 10.0 wt%, based on 100 wt% of each copolymer. % by weight is more preferred, and 0.5% to 4.0% by weight is even more preferred.
- the ethylene content can also be said to be the content of structural units (ethylene units) derived from ethylene.
- the content of ethylene units in the ethylene/propylene random copolymer is (i) 0.2% by weight or more, the foamability of the expanded beads in the production of the present expanded beads and/or the molding of the obtained expanded beads is affected. (ii) When the content is 15.0% by weight or less, there is no possibility that the mechanical properties of the foamed molded article obtained from the present expanded beads are deteriorated.
- the ethylene content in the 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymer is preferably 0.1% by weight to 10.0% by weight, and 0.2% by weight to 5.0% by weight, based on 100% by weight of each copolymer. %, more preferably 0.5 wt % to 1.0 wt %.
- the content of ethylene units in the 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymer is (i) 0.1% by weight or more, the expandability of the expanded beads in the production of the present expanded beads and/or the obtained The moldability of the expanded beads tends to be good, and (ii) when the content is 10.0% by weight or less, the mechanical properties of the expanded molded product obtained from the expanded beads are not likely to deteriorate.
- the content of 1-butene in the 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymer is preferably 0.2% by weight to 15.0% by weight in 100% by weight of the copolymer. 0 wt % to 10.0 wt % is more preferred, and 2.0 wt % to 7.0 wt % is even more preferred.
- the 1-butene content can also be said to be the content of structural units (1-butene units) derived from 1-butene.
- the content of 1-butene units in the 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymer is (i) 0.2% by weight or more, the expandability of the expanded beads in the production of the expanded beads and/or The moldability of the resulting expanded beads tends to be good, and (ii) when the content is 15.0% by weight or less, the mechanical properties of the expanded molded article obtained from the present expanded beads do not deteriorate.
- the total content of ethylene units and 1-butene units in the 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymer is 0 in 100% by weight of the 1-butene/ethylene/propylene random copolymer.
- 0.5 wt % to 15.0 wt % is preferred, 0.5 wt % to 10.0 wt % is more preferred, and 2.0 wt % to 6.0 wt % is even more preferred.
- the expandability of the expanded beads in the production of the present expanded beads and/or the moldability of the resulting expanded beads tends to be good, and (ii) when the content is 10.0% by weight or less, the mechanical properties of the expanded molded article obtained from the present expanded beads may deteriorate. do not have.
- the content of propylene units in the polypropylene resin (A) is 50 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, based on 100 mol% of all structural units contained in the polypropylene resin (A), and 90 It is more preferably mol % or more, and even more preferably 95 mol % or more.
- the upper limit of the content of propylene units in the polypropylene resin (A) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 97 mol % or less, or 100 mol %.
- the melting point of the polypropylene resin (A) is preferably 125.0° C. to 160.0° C., more preferably 130.0° C. to 158.0° C., more preferably 135.0° C. to 152.0° C., and 138 0°C to 149.0°C is more preferred, 139.0°C to 146.0°C is even more preferred, and 141.0°C to 145.0°C is particularly preferred.
- the melting point of the polypropylene resin (A) is (i) 125.0° C. or higher, a foamed molded article having excellent dimensional stability at high temperatures can be obtained, and (ii) when it is 160.0° C. or lower. In-mold foam molding can be performed at a low steam pressure.
- the melting point of a polypropylene-based resin is a value obtained by measuring with a differential scanning calorimeter method (hereinafter referred to as "DSC method").
- DSC method differential scanning calorimeter method
- the specific operating procedure is as follows: (1) By raising the temperature of 5 mg to 6 mg of polypropylene resin from 40.0° C. to 220.0° C. at a rate of 10.0° C./min. (2) Then, the polypropylene resin is lowered from 220.0°C to 40.0°C at a rate of 10.0°C/min. (3) Then, the temperature of the crystallized polypropylene-based resin is increased from 40.0°C to 220.0°C at a rate of 10°C/min.
- the temperature of the peak (melting peak) of the DSC curve of the polypropylene-based resin obtained during the second heating can be obtained as the melting point of the polypropylene-based resin.
- the temperature of the peak (melting peak) with the maximum amount of heat of fusion is It is the melting point of the system resin.
- the differential scanning calorimeter for example, DSC6200 type manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. can be used.
- the melt index (MI) of the polypropylene resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3.00 g/10 minutes to 30.00 g/10 minutes, and 4.00 g/10 minutes to 20.00 g/10 minutes. It is more preferably 5.00 g/10 minutes to 15.00 g/10 minutes, and particularly preferably 6.00 g/10 minutes to 13.00 g/10 minutes. Note that MI may also be referred to as "melt flow rate (MFR)".
- the MI of the polypropylene-based resin When the MI of the polypropylene-based resin is 3.00 g/10 minutes or more, the polypropylene-based resin has good fluidity during foaming, and foaming is easy. Further, when the MI of the polypropylene-based resin is 30.00 g/10 minutes or less, the polypropylene-based resin has appropriate fluidity, so that expanded beads having a high expansion ratio can be obtained. In particular, if the MI of the polypropylene-based resin (A) is 3.00 g/10 min to 8.00 g/10 min, a relatively high-density (for example, density greater than 92.0 g/L) foam molded product is suitable. It is possible to efficiently produce foamed beads that can be provided to.
- a relatively high-density for example, density greater than 92.0 g/L
- the value of MI of a polypropylene resin is a value obtained by measuring under the following conditions using an MI measuring instrument described in JIS K7210: 1999: the diameter of the orifice is 2.0959 ⁇ 0.005 mm ⁇ , orifice length of 8.000 ⁇ 0.025 mm, load of 2.16 kgf, and temperature of 230° C. (230 ⁇ 0.2° C.).
- the MI of the polypropylene-based resin (A) means the melting point of the mixture.
- the present expanded beads preferably contain 70.0% by weight or more and less than 89.0% by weight of the polypropylene resin (A) with respect to the total amount of 100% by weight of the expanded polypropylene beads, and preferably 75% to 85% by weight. More preferably, it contains 77% to 87% by weight.
- the foamed particles contain (i) 70.0% by weight or more of the polypropylene-based resin (A)
- a foam molded article having excellent flame retardancy can be stably obtained.
- the polypropylene resin (A) can be obtained by a known method.
- the polymerization catalyst for synthesizing the polypropylene-based resin (A) is not particularly limited, and Ziegler-based catalysts, metallocene catalysts, and the like can be used.
- the expanded beads contain more than 10.0% by weight and not more than 20.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) with respect to 100% by weight of the total polypropylene-based expanded beads.
- the present expanded beads have the advantage of being able to provide expanded beads capable of providing a foam molded article having excellent flame retardancy by having the above-described structure.
- the present expanded beads contain more than 10.0 wt% and 20.0 wt% or less of the organophosphorus compound (B) with respect to the total amount of 100 wt% of the polypropylene-based expanded beads, and contain 12.0 wt% to 19.0 wt%. % by weight, more preferably 13.0% to 18.0% by weight.
- the expanded beads contain (i) more than 10.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B), it is possible to stably obtain a foamed molded article having excellent flame retardancy, and (ii) it contains 20.0% by weight or less. In this case, it is possible to obtain a foam-molded article free from sink marks and having excellent strength (for example, compressive strength).
- the organophosphorus compound (B) is not particularly limited as long as it is an organophosphorus compound other than phosphates, phosphates, and triarylphosphine oxides, and there are many other organophosphorus compounds known to those skilled in the art. Compounds (a subclass of organophosphorus compounds) can be suitably used. These organophosphorus compounds (B) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the organic phosphorus compound (B) includes phosphonates; organic phosphites; organic phosphinites, and metal salts of phosphinic acid or diphosphinic acid; phosphinates; alcohol; other nitrogen-containing organic phosphorus compounds; and the like.
- phosphonates are preferable as the organophosphorus compound (B) because they can provide a foam molded article having excellent non-ignitability and/or self-extinguishing properties.
- compounds other than nitrogen-containing organophosphorus compounds do not contain nitrogen. That is, it is preferable that the organophosphorus compound (B) other than the nitrogen-containing organophosphorus compound does not contain nitrogen.
- (phosphonate) Phosphonates are R—PO(OH) 2 groups and/or R—PO(OR 1 ) 2 groups, where R is a methyl, benzyl, aryl, alkynyl, allenyl, vinyl or substituted is a hydrocarbyl group such as a vinyl group, and R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group such as an alkyl or aryl group), and partial esters, and salts thereof.
- Phosphonates more specifically include subgroups such as alkylphosphonic acids, arylphosphonic acids, and esters thereof; mono-phosphonates; acyclic bisphosphonates; cyclic phosphonates. Among them, cyclic phosphonates are preferred, and among cyclic phosphonates, cyclic bisphosphonates are particularly preferred.
- the organophosphorus compound (B) is selected from the group consisting of (i) alkylphosphonic acids, arylphosphonic acids and their esters, and (ii) cyclic phosphonates At least one nitrogen-free organophosphorus compound is preferred, cyclic phosphonates are more preferred, and cyclic bisphosphonates are particularly preferred among cyclic phosphonates.
- cyclic phosphonates include organophosphorus compounds represented by the following structural formula (i):
- cyclic bisphosphonates such as pentaerythrityl diphosphonate, which are organophosphorus compounds represented by the following structural formula (ii), can also be suitably used:
- a 1 and A 2 are independently a C 1-10 alkyl group, a C 2-10 alkenyl group, a benzyl group, a phenylethyl group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.
- the cyclic bisphosphonate is particularly preferably pentaerythrityl diphosphonate.
- Cyclic bisphosphonates are disclosed in more detail by US Pat. No. 4,174,343 and British Patent Application Publication No. 1,515,223.
- pentaerythrityl diphosphonate represented by the following structural formula (iii) (AFLAMMIT (registered trademark) PCO 900 (phosphorus content: 24%) is particularly suitable for foam molding with excellent heat-resistant dimensional stability. It is particularly preferable because it can obtain a body.
- organic phosphite examples include dimethyl phosphite, diethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphite, dibutyl phosphite, triisopropyl phosphite, dibenzyl phosphite, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite.
- tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl)phosphite and diphenylphosphite, and arylalkyl phosphites, where preferably the alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms; trimethylolethane cyclic phosphite (4-methyl-2,6,7-trioxa- cyclic phosphites such as 1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane); and 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (2, 3-butylene hydrogen phosphite), 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxa-phospholane (propylene hydrogen phosphite) , 2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane (trimethylene hydrogen phos
- R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl groups, C 3-8 cycloalkyl groups, C 6-16 aryl groups or aralkyl groups, and Me is is a metal from Group I (alkali), Group II (alkaline earth, or zinc), or Group III (e.g., aluminum) of and R 1 is a C 1-6 alkylene group, an arylene group, an arylalkylene group or an arene-bisalkylene linking group.
- metal salts of organic phosphinates, phosphinic acids, or diphosphinic acids include dimethylphosphinic acid, methylethylphosphinic acid, methylpropylphosphinic acid, methylhexylphosphinic acid, ethylphenylphosphinic acid, diethylphosphinic acid, ethane Alkali, magnesium, zinc and aluminum salts of 1,2-dimethylphosphinic acid, ethane-1,2-diethylphosphinic acid, ethane-1,2-diphenylphosphinic acid and butane-1,4-dimethylphosphinic acid but not particularly limited.
- Phosphinate include aluminum diethylphosphinate and the like.
- Polyol phosphate alcohols include commercially available bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) alkyl phosphonates (wherein the alkyl groups have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms) or (pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) phosphites. compounds that are
- a nitrogen-containing organic phosphorus compound may be used as the organic phosphorus compound (B).
- nitrogen-containing organophosphorus compound is intended an organophosphorus compound containing at least one N atom in its structural formula.
- Nitrogen-containing organic phosphorus compounds include, for example, phosphoramidates, organic phosphazenes (and salts thereof), phosphoramidites, phosphonamides, and phosphineamides.
- the phosphoramidate is preferably a compound represented by the following structural formula (iv):
- R is CH 3 or CH 2 CH 3 and n 1 is 2-10.
- the compound represented by structural formula (iv) above is described in more detail in WO2009/153034.
- Organophosphazenes also known as iminophosphoranes or phosphineimides
- salts thereof specifically chlorides and fluorides
- bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride BEMP (2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine), BTPP ((tert-butylimino ) tris-(pyrrolidino)phosphorane), and t-Bu-P4 (3-t-butylimino-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexakis(dimethylamino)-3 ⁇ [tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidene] amino ⁇ -1 ⁇ 5 ,3 ⁇ 5 ,5 ⁇ 5 -1,4-triphosphazadiene).
- cyclic organic phosphazenes represented by the following structural formula (v) are preferred:
- m is 3 to 20
- each Q group is selected from the group consisting of a phosphate group, a phosphorus atom, a halogen-free aryloxy group, or an alkoxy group.
- cyclic organic phosphazenes include compounds DPPPZ represented by the following structural formula (vi) (wherein Ph represents a phenyl group):
- the expanded beads contain 1.0% to 10.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total polypropylene-based expanded beads.
- the present expanded beads have the advantage of being able to provide expanded beads capable of providing foamed molded articles having excellent flame retardancy by having the above configuration.
- the foamed beads contain 1.0% to 10.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C), and may contain 2.0% to 8.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total polypropylene-based expanded beads. Preferably, it contains 2.5 wt % to 7.0 wt %, and more preferably 3.0 wt % to 6.0 wt %.
- the foamed particles contain (i) more than 0.1% by weight of the hindered amine (C), it is possible to obtain a foamed molded article having excellent non-ignitability and self-extinguishing properties, and (ii) 10.0% by weight or less. In this case, coalescence (blocking) between resin particles can be suppressed in the later-described foaming step.
- the hindered amine (C) refers to a hindered amine (hereinafter referred to as N - may be referred to as substituted hindered amines).
- N - may be referred to as substituted hindered amines
- a hindered amine which does not have an OR group substituted directly on the N atom is not considered a hindered amine (C) herein.
- the hindered amine (C) is not particularly limited as long as it is a hindered amine having an OR group (wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group) directly substituted on the N atom, and is known.
- R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group
- a number of hindered amine subclasses of can be used.
- one hindered amine may be used alone, or two or more hindered amines may be used in combination.
- the hindered amine (C) is preferably an N-substituted hindered amine containing a triazine component.
- the N-substituted hindered amine containing a triazine component (hereinafter sometimes referred to as triazine skeleton-containing hindered amine) is not particularly limited, but (i) the compound of CAS No.
- triazine skeleton-containing hindered amines Commercially available products can also be suitably used as triazine skeleton-containing hindered amines.
- Commercially available triazine skeleton-containing hindered amines include FLAMSTAB (registered trademark) NOR116 (CAS number 191680-81-6 compound) manufactured by BASF, HOSTAVIN (registered trademark) NOW XP manufactured by CLARIANT, and ADEKA STAB LA-81 manufactured by Adeka. (bis(1-undecaneoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonate) and the like.
- the hindered amine (C) may be a compound represented by the following structural formula (vii):
- G 1 and G 2 are independently C 1-8 alkyl groups, or pentamethylene; Z 1 and Z 2 are each methyl groups, or Z 1 and Z 2 together form a linking moiety, which may be additionally substituted by an ester, ether, amide, amino, carboxy or urethane group; and E is , C 1-8 alkoxy group, C 5-12 cycloalkoxy group, C 7-15 aralkoxy group, —O—C(O)—C 1-18 alkyl group, or —OT—(OH) b group Yes; wherein T is a C 1-18 alkylene chain, a C 5-18 cycloalkylene chain or a C 5-18 cycloalkenylene chain, a phenyl group, or C substituted by a C 1-4 alkyl-substituted phenyl group is a 1-4 alkylene chain; b is 1 to 3 and is less than or equal to the number of carbon atoms possessed by T; and
- the hindered amine (C) may be a compound represented by the following structural formula (viii):
- R is hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 1 is a C 1-18 alkyl group, a C 2-18 alkenyl group, a C 2-18 alkynyl group, a C 5-12 cycloalkyl C 5-8 cycloalkenyl groups, C 6-10 aryl groups and C 7-9 aralkyl groups.
- the hindered amine (C) may be a compound represented by the following structural formula (ix):
- E, k, Y, W, R 1 -R 7 and G 1 -G 4 are as defined in US Pat. No. 8,598,369.
- the ratio of the hindered amine (C) to the organophosphorus compound (B) (hereinafter referred to as the ratio (B)/(C)) is It means the weight ratio of the hindered amine (C) contained in the expanded beads. In the expanded beads, the ratio (B)/(C) is not particularly limited.
- the ratio (B)/(C) varies depending on the types of the organophosphorus compound (B) and the hindered amine (C) contained in the foamed beads, and therefore cannot be generally determined. It is preferably from 0 to 20.0, more preferably from 2.0 to 10.0, even more preferably from 3.0 to 5.0.
- the resulting foamed molded article has excellent flame retardancy, and when combusted, combustible particles are generated, It is possible to suppress the ignition of surrounding combustibles (that is, it has excellent self-extinguishing properties), and there is no risk of impairing various physical properties (mechanical properties, cushioning properties, etc.) of the foam molded product.
- ratio (A)/ ⁇ (B)+(C) ⁇ ) means the ratio of the weight of the polypropylene resin (A) contained in the expanded beads to the total weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and the hindered amine (C) contained in the expanded beads.
- the ratio (A)/ ⁇ (B)+(C) ⁇ is not particularly limited.
- the ratio (A)/ ⁇ (B)+(C) ⁇ is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 7, and preferably 1 to 5. More preferred.
- the ratio (A)/ ⁇ (B)+(C) ⁇ in the expanded beads is (i) 10 or less, the flame retardancy of the obtained foamed molded article is better.
- (ii) is 1 or more, the resulting foam molded article has good surface beauty.
- the expanded beads may optionally contain other additives in addition to the organophosphorus compound and the hindered amine as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- Other additives include antioxidants, UV light absorbers, peroxide scavengers, inorganic nucleating agents, organic nucleating agents, water-absorbing substances, antistatic agents, antioxidants, light stabilizers, and crystal nucleating agents. , conductive agents, lubricants, fillers, carbon black, powdered activated carbon, and the like.
- Such other additives may be added directly to the blend or the polypropylene resin composition described later when the resin particles are produced in the production of the present expanded beads. It may be contained at a high concentration to form a masterbatch, and the obtained masterbatch resin may be added to the blend or the polypropylene resin composition.
- a polypropylene-based resin is preferable as the resin used when producing the masterbatch resin.
- Antioxidants include, for example, alkylated monophenols, alkylthiomethylphenols, hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, tocopherols, thiodiphenyl ether hydroxides, alkylidene bisphenols, O-containing benzyl compounds, N-containing benzyl compounds, S-containing benzyl compounds, hydroxybenzyl hydroxymalonates, aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, acylaminophenols, amides and esters of hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and the like. These antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the antioxidant in the foamed particles can suppress the deterioration of the resulting foamed molded product at high temperatures (for example, about 110 ° C.), and as a result, the flame retardancy can be maintained for a longer period of time.
- 0.03% to 1.00% by weight, more preferably 0.05% to 0.70% by weight, and 0.10% to 0.50% by weight, relative to the total amount of 100% by weight of the system expanded particles % by weight is more preferred.
- UV light absorbers include, for example, benzotriazoles, benzophenones, benzoic acid esters, nickel complexes, hindered amines without OR groups directly linked to N atoms (included in the hindered amines (C) of the present invention). no), and oxamide and the like. These UV light absorbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the UV light absorber in the present foamed particles can suppress deterioration of the obtained foamed molded product due to ultraviolet rays, and as a result, can maintain flame retardancy for a longer period of time.
- 0.01% to 1.00% by weight is preferable, 0.05% to 0.50% by weight is more preferable, and 0.10% to 0.30% by weight is even more preferable.
- inorganic nucleating agents examples include talc, titanium oxide, silica (silicon dioxide), silicates, alumina, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, calcium phosphate, feldspar apatite, barium sulfate, and the like. be done.
- silicates include talc, magnesium silicate, kaolin, halloysite, deckite, aluminum silicate, and zeolite. These inorganic nucleating agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the inorganic nucleating agent in the present expanded beads is preferably 0.005% by weight to 3.000% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the total polypropylene-based expanded beads, from the viewpoint of uniformity of the average cell diameter. 0.010% to 2.000% by weight is more preferred, 0.030% to 1.000% by weight is even more preferred, and 0.030% to 0.500% by weight is particularly preferred.
- the average cell diameter can be made uniform, and a foamed molded article having more excellent flame retardancy can be obtained. can provide.
- organic nucleating agents examples include monocarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids (eg, adipic acid or diphenylacetic acid), salts thereof, and ionic copolymers. These organic nucleating agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the organic nucleating agent in the present expanded beads is preferably 0.005% by weight to 2.000% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the total polypropylene-based expanded beads, from the viewpoint of uniformity of the average cell diameter. 0.010% to 1.000% by weight is more preferred, and 0.030% to 0.500% by weight is most preferred.
- water-absorbing substances examples include glycerin, diglycerin, polyethylene glycol, C12-C18 fatty alcohols (eg, pentaerythritol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol), melamine, isocyanuric acid, melamine-isocyanuric acid condensates, and boric acid. Zinc etc. are mentioned. These water-absorbing substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- glycerin and polyethylene glycol are preferable because they have no fear of promoting the reduction of the average cell diameter of the foamed particles and have good affinity with the polypropylene-based resin (A).
- the content of the water-absorbing substance in the present expanded beads is , preferably 0.01 wt% to 1.00 wt%, more preferably 0.05 wt% to 0.70 wt%, and 0.10 wt% to 0.60 wt% is more preferred.
- the content of the water-absorbing substance is (i) 0.01% by weight or more, the foaming effect of the water-absorbing substance can be sufficiently obtained, and (ii) when it is 1.00% by weight or less, There is no possibility that the expanded beads will shrink excessively.
- the expanded beads with a relatively high density for example, a density of more than 40.0 g/L and 400.0 g/L or less
- the expanded beads can be efficiently produced without adding a water-absorbing substance. Obtainable.
- Lubricants include, for example, fatty acid esters, polyethylene wax (optionally partially saponified), zinc stearate, glycerol esters, and alkaline earth metal soaps. These lubricants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the lubricant in the foamed beads is preferably 0.01% to 1.00% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the total polypropylene-based foamed beads, because it can improve the dispersibility of other additives. 0.05% to 0.50% by weight is more preferred, and 0.10% to 0.30% by weight is even more preferred.
- fillers examples include silicate, glass fiber, kaolin, wood flour, graphite, graphene, and cellulose nanofiber. These fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the filler in the present expanded beads is, for example, preferably 0.01 wt% to 10.00 wt%, more preferably 0.05 wt% to 7.00 wt%, relative to 100 wt% of the total amount of the present expanded beads. More preferably, 0.10% by weight to 5.00% by weight is even more preferable.
- the foamed particles may further contain a pigment such as carbon black or graphite in order to color the resulting foamed molded product gray or black.
- the content of carbon black in the foamed particles is 0.01% to 6.00% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the foamed particles, from the viewpoint of not impairing the flame retardancy and uniform coloring. preferably 0.30 wt % to 4.00 wt %, even more preferably 0.50 wt % to 3.00 wt %.
- the foamed particles may further contain powdery activated carbon in order to further improve the flame retardancy of the obtained foamed molded product.
- the content of powdery activated carbon in the present expanded beads is preferably 0.8 wt% to 2.8 wt%, more preferably 1.0 wt% to 2.5 wt%, with respect to 100 wt% of the total amount of the expanded beads. % by weight is more preferred.
- the average cell diameter of the expanded beads is not particularly limited, but is preferably 150 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, more preferably 180 ⁇ m to 450 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 200 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m.
- the average cell diameter of the foamed particles is (i) 150 ⁇ m or more, a foamed molded article having excellent surface beauty can be obtained.
- the particle size is 600 ⁇ m or less, the secondary foamability of the expanded particles during in-mold foam molding is improved, and a foam molded article having excellent surface beauty can be obtained. It can also be said that the average cell diameter of the expanded beads is the cell diameter of the expanded beads.
- the heat of fusion on the high temperature side of the expanded beads is preferably 5.0 J/g to 25.0 J/g, more preferably 8.0 J/g to 22.0 J/g, and 10.0 J/g. More preferably ⁇ 20.0 J/g.
- the heat of fusion of the foamed particles on the high-temperature side is (i) 5.0 J/g or more, the resulting foamed molded product suffers from the occurrence of sink marks on the surface of the foamed molded product during in-mold foam molding, and dimensional changes.
- the shrinkage can be suppressed and it is 25.0 J/g or less, it is possible to obtain a foam molded article having excellent internal fusion bondability and a smooth surface. It can also be said that the high temperature side melting heat quantity is the high temperature side melting peak heat quantity.
- the heat of fusion on the high temperature side of expanded beads is a value measured by the following procedures (1) to (5): (1) about 5 mg of expanded beads are weighed; The temperature of the particles is increased from 10° C. to 190° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min to melt the expanded particles; , a point representing the temperature before the start of melting and a point representing the temperature after the end of melting are connected by a straight line to create a baseline; (5) The amount of heat calculated from the high temperature side region surrounded by the DSC curve and the straight line passing through the baseline and the maximum point (J / g ) is the heat of fusion on the high temperature side of the expanded beads.
- the grain weight of the expanded beads (the grain weight per expanded grain) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the fillability into the molding die and the surface beauty of the resulting foamed molded product, one expanded grain It is preferably 0.5 mg to 10.0 mg, more preferably 0.5 mg to 5.0 mg, even more preferably 0.5 mg to 2.0 mg.
- the expanded beads according to another embodiment of the present invention can also be configured as follows: 100 parts by weight of polypropylene resin (A) and more than 10.0 parts by weight of organophosphorus compound (B), 20 .0 parts by weight or less and 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight of a hindered amine (C).
- a method for producing polypropylene-based expanded beads includes a dispersing step of dispersing polypropylene-based resin particles, an aqueous dispersion medium, and a foaming agent in a container; and a releasing step of releasing the liquid to a region having a pressure lower than the pressure in the container, wherein the polypropylene resin particles contain an organic phosphorus compound (B) More than 10.0% by weight and 20.0% by weight or less, and 1.0% to 10.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C).
- the production method may include a granulation step of preparing polypropylene-based resin particles before the foaming step.
- polypropylene-based resin particles may be referred to as "resin particles”.
- resin particles can be produced by the following methods (1) to (5): (1) predetermined amounts of polypropylene-based resin (A) and organic phosphorus-based compound (B); The hindered amine (C) and, if necessary, other additives are blended to prepare a blend; Prepare a polypropylene resin composition; (3) Extrude the polypropylene resin composition from a die provided in an extruder; (4) Solidify by cooling by passing the extruded polypropylene resin composition through water, etc. (5) Then, the solidified polypropylene resin composition is chopped into a desired shape such as a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a spherical shape, a cubic shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, etc.
- a desired shape such as a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a spherical shape, a cubic shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, etc.
- melt-kneaded polypropylene resin composition is extruded directly into water from a die provided in an extruder, and the polypropylene resin composition is cut into particles immediately after extrusion, cooled, and solidified. Resin particles may be obtained. By melt-kneading the blend in this manner, more uniform resin particles can be obtained.
- the ratio of the amounts of the polypropylene resin (A), the organophosphorus compound (B), and the hindered amine (C) contained in the resin particles is the polypropylene resin (A), The ratio of the amounts of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and the hindered amine (C), and the ratio of the amounts of the polypropylene resin (A), the organic phosphorus compound (B), and the hindered amine (C) contained in the expanded beads.
- the organic phosphorus compound (B) and the hindered amine (C) are melt-kneaded in advance by an extruder. to form a mixture.
- Resin particles can also be produced by melt-kneading the mixture, the polypropylene-based resin (A), and, if necessary, other additives.
- the melting point of the resin particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 122.0° C. to 159.0° C., more preferably 127.0° C. to 157.0° C., more preferably 132.0° C. to 151.0° C., 135.0°C to 148.0°C is more preferred, 136.0°C to 145.0°C is even more preferred, and 138.0°C to 144.0°C is particularly preferred.
- the melting point of the resin particles is (i) 122.0°C or higher, a foamed molded article having excellent dimensional stability at high temperatures can be obtained, and (ii) when it is 159.0°C or lower, the water vapor pressure is low. Then, the foam-molded product can be foam-molded in the mold.
- the melting point of resin particles is a value obtained by measuring with a differential scanning calorimeter method (hereinafter referred to as "DSC method").
- DSC method differential scanning calorimeter method
- the specific operating procedure is as follows: (1) The temperature of 5 mg to 6 mg of resin particles is raised from 40.0° C. to 220.0° C. at a rate of 10.0° C./min. (2) then lower the temperature of the melted resin particles to 10°C. The resin particles are crystallized by lowering the temperature from 220.0°C to 40.0°C at a temperature lowering rate of 0/min; The temperature is raised from 40.0°C to 220.0°C at a temperature elevation rate.
- the temperature of the peak (melting peak) of the DSC curve of the resin particles obtained during the second heating can be obtained as the melting point of the resin particles.
- the temperature of the peak (melting peak) with the maximum amount of heat of fusion is taken as the temperature of the resin particles.
- the dispersing step can also be said to be, for example, a step of preparing a dispersion liquid in which resin particles, a foaming agent, and, if necessary, a dispersing agent and/or a dispersing aid are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the container is not particularly limited, it is preferably a container that can withstand the later-described foaming temperature and foaming pressure.
- the container is preferably, for example, a pressure-resistant container, more preferably an autoclave-type pressure-resistant container.
- the aqueous dispersion medium is not particularly limited as long as it can uniformly disperse the resin particles, foaming agent, and the like.
- aqueous dispersion media include (a) dispersion media obtained by adding methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, etc. to water, and (b) water such as tap water and industrial water.
- water-based dispersion media include RO water (water purified by reverse osmosis membrane method), distilled water, deionized water (water purified by ion exchange resin), and the like. It is preferable to use pure water, ultrapure water, or the like.
- the amount of the aqueous dispersion medium used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin particles.
- the amount of the aqueous dispersion medium used is (a) 100 parts by weight or more, there is no risk of deterioration in the stability of the dispersion (in other words, the resin particles are well dispersed), and (b) 500 parts by weight or less. In this case, there is no possibility that the productivity is lowered.
- the foaming agent includes (a) (a-1) an inorganic gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air (a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide), and (a-2) an inorganic foaming agent such as water; (b) (b-1) saturated hydrocarbons having 3 to 5 carbon atoms such as propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane and neopentane, (b-2) ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and methyl ethyl ether , (b-3) halogenated hydrocarbons such as monochloromethane, dichloromethane, and dichlorodifluoroethane; and the like; As the foaming agent, at least one or more selected from the group consisting of the above inorganic foaming agents and organic foaming agents can be used.
- the mixing ratio may be appropriately adjusted depending on the purpose.
- the inorganic foaming agent is preferable as the foaming agent among those mentioned above.
- the foaming agent is more preferably an inorganic foaming agent containing carbon dioxide, because it has a moderately high plasticizing effect and tends to improve the expandability of the expanded beads in the production of the present expanded beads. It is even more preferable to have
- the amount of the foaming agent to be used is not particularly limited, and may be used appropriately according to (a) the type of foaming agent and/or (b) the desired expansion ratio of the foamed particles.
- the amount of the foaming agent used is preferably 1 part by weight to 10000 parts by weight, more preferably 1 part by weight to 5000 parts by weight, and even more preferably 1 part by weight to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin particles.
- the amount of the foaming agent used is 1 part by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin particles, expanded beads having a suitable density can be obtained.
- the amount of the foaming agent used is 10000 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin particles, an effect corresponding to the amount of the foaming agent used can be obtained, and no economic waste occurs.
- the amount of the foaming agent used may be, for example, 1 to 100 parts by weight or 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin particles.
- the water in the dispersion liquid in the container can be used as the foaming agent.
- the resin particles contain a water-absorbing substance in advance. This makes it easier for the resin particles to absorb the water in the dispersion liquid in the container, and as a result, it becomes easier to use the water as a blowing agent.
- a dispersant in the present method for producing expanded beads.
- the use of a dispersant has the advantage of reducing coalescence (sometimes referred to as blocking) between resin particles and stably producing expanded beads.
- examples of dispersants include inorganic substances such as tricalcium phosphate, trimagnesium phosphate, basic magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, kaolin, talc, clay, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and aluminum hydroxide.
- One type of these dispersants may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used. When two or more dispersants are mixed and used, the mixing ratio may be appropriately adjusted depending on the purpose.
- the amount of the dispersant used in the dispersion used in one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 3.00 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the resin particles. 0.00 parts by weight is more preferred, and 0.10 to 1.50 parts by weight is even more preferred.
- the amount of the dispersant used is (a) 0.01 parts by weight or more, there is no fear of causing poor dispersion of the resin particles, and (b) when it is 3.00 parts by weight or less, the obtained expanded beads are used. At the time of in-mold foam molding, there is no possibility of causing poor adhesion between foamed particles.
- a dispersing aid is used to (a) improve the effect of reducing coalescence between resin particles and/or (b) improve the stability of the dispersion in the container.
- Dispersing aids include, for example, anionic surfactants.
- anionic surfactant include sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS), sodium alkanesulfonate, sodium alkylsulfonate, sodium alkyldiphenyletherdisulfonate, and sodium ⁇ -olefinsulfonate.
- DBS sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
- One type of these dispersing aids may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- the mixing ratio may be appropriately adjusted depending on the purpose.
- the amount of the dispersing aid used in the dispersion used in one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 0.500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin particles. It is more preferably from 0.200 parts by weight, and even more preferably from 0.010 parts by weight to 0.200 parts by weight. When the amount of the dispersing aid used is within the above range, there is no risk of poor dispersion of the resin particles.
- the coalescence of the resin particles can be further reduced, the expanded beads can be produced more stably, and (ii) the stability of the dispersion in the container can be further enhanced.
- the dispersion prepared in the dispersing step in the present method for producing expanded beads preferably contains tribasic calcium phosphate, kaolin and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
- This production method includes, after the dispersing step and before the discharging step, (i) a temperature-increasing step of raising the temperature inside the container to a constant temperature and increasing the pressure inside the container to a constant pressure; (ii) a holding step of holding the temperature and pressure in the container at a constant temperature and a constant pressure.
- the holding step is preferably performed after the temperature rising-pressurizing step.
- the (a) constant temperature in the heating-pressurizing step and the holding step may be referred to as the foaming temperature
- the (b) constant pressure may be referred to as the foaming pressure.
- the foaming temperature cannot be defined unconditionally because it varies depending on the type of polypropylene resin (A), organophosphorus compound (B), hindered amine (C), type of foaming agent, etc. contained in the resin particles.
- the foaming temperature is the melting point of (i) (a) a mixture of (a) polypropylene resin (A), organic phosphorus compound (B), and hindered amine (C), (b) polypropylene resin composition, or (c) resin particles. -20.0 ° C.
- the melting point of the resin composition or (c) resin particles is -10.0 ° C. to +15.0 ° C., (iii) (a) polypropylene resin (A), organic phosphorus compound (B ), and a mixture of hindered amine (C), (b) the polypropylene-based resin composition, or (c) the resin particles preferably have a melting point of ⁇ 5.0° C. to +13.0° C.
- the foaming pressure is preferably 0.5 MPa (gauge pressure) to 10.0 MPa (gauge pressure), more preferably 0.6 MPa (gauge pressure) to 5.0 MPa (gauge pressure), and 0.6 MPa (gauge pressure) to 2 0.5 MPa (gauge pressure) is more preferred. If the foaming pressure is 0.5 MPa (gauge pressure) or more, expanded beads having a suitable density can be obtained.
- the time (holding time) for holding the dispersion in the container near the foaming temperature and foaming pressure is not particularly limited.
- the retention time is preferably 10 minutes to 60 minutes, more preferably 12 minutes to 50 minutes, even more preferably 15 minutes to 40 minutes.
- the holding time is 10 minutes or more, there is a sufficient amount of unmelted crystals (polypropylene-based resin crystals), and as a result, shrinkage of the resulting expanded beads and/or an increase in open cell ratio can be reduced.
- the holding time is 60 minutes or less, there is no excessive amount of unmelted crystals, so there is an advantage that the expanded beads can be molded at a low molding temperature.
- the releasing step is (a) after the temperature raising-pressurizing step when the temperature raising-pressurizing step is performed but the holding step is not performed, and (b) when both the temperature raising-pressurizing step and the holding step are performed. It is preferably carried out after the holding step.
- the expulsion step can cause the resin particles to expand, resulting in expanded particles.
- the releasing step can also be said to be a step of releasing one end of the container and releasing the dispersion liquid in the container into a region (space) having a lower pressure than the foaming pressure (that is, the internal pressure of the container).
- area under pressure lower than the foaming pressure intends “area under pressure lower than the foaming pressure” or “space under pressure lower than the foaming pressure”, and “atmosphere at pressure lower than the foaming pressure”. It can also be called “lower”.
- the region of pressure lower than the foaming pressure is not particularly limited as long as the pressure is lower than the foaming pressure, and may be, for example, a region under atmospheric pressure.
- the dispersion In the ejection process, when the dispersion is ejected to a region with a pressure lower than the foaming pressure, the dispersion is passed through an orifice with a diameter of 1 mm to 5 mm for the purpose of adjusting the flow rate of the dispersion and reducing the variation in expansion ratio of the resulting expanded beads. can also be emitted.
- the low-pressure region space may be filled with saturated steam.
- foaming process The process from the dispersion process to the release process may be called a foaming process. Further, the process of producing expanded beads from resin particles in this way is called a “single-stage expansion process", and the obtained expanded beads are called “single-stage expanded beads”.
- method 1 in which a large amount of inorganic foaming agent is used in the first-stage expansion step. Furthermore, as a method other than method 1, after obtaining expanded beads (single-stage expanded beads) with a relatively low expansion ratio (expansion ratio of about 2.0 to 35.0 times) in the first-stage expansion process, A method of increasing the expansion ratio by re-expanding the step-expanded particles (hereinafter referred to as method 2) can also be employed.
- Method 2 includes, for example, a method including the following (a1) to (a3) in order: (a1) using single-stage expanded particles having an expansion ratio of 2.0 to 35.0 times in the single-stage expansion step; (a2) Place the first-stage expanded particles in a pressure vessel and pressurize with nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide, etc. at 0.2 MPa (gauge pressure) to 0.6 MPa (gauge pressure) to produce one stage. (a3) A method in which the pressure inside the expanded bead (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "internal pressure") is raised above normal pressure; (a3) Then, the first-stage expanded bead with increased internal pressure is heated with steam or the like to further expand.
- the step of increasing the expansion ratio of the first-stage expanded beads as in Method 2 is called the “two-stage expanded process", and the polypropylene-based resin expanded beads obtained by the method of Method 2 are called “two-stage expanded beads”.
- the pressure of steam for heating the first-stage expanded beads is 0.03 MPa (gauge pressure) to 0.20 MPa ( gauge pressure).
- the steam pressure in the two-stage expansion step is 0.03 MPa (gauge pressure) or more, the expansion ratio tends to be improved, and when it is 0.20 MPa (gauge pressure) or less, the obtained two-stage expanded particles are separated from each other. are less likely to coalesce.
- the obtained two-stage expanded beads may not be able to be subjected to subsequent in-mold foam molding.
- the internal pressure of the first-stage expanded particles obtained by impregnating the first-stage expanded particles with nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide, or the like can be appropriately changed in consideration of the expansion ratio of the second-stage expanded particles and the water vapor pressure in the second-stage expansion process. desirable.
- the internal pressure of the first-stage expanded beads is preferably 0.15 MPa (absolute pressure) to 0.60 MPa (absolute pressure), more preferably 0.20 MPa (absolute pressure) to 0.60 MPa (absolute pressure), and 0.30 MPa (absolute pressure). pressure) to 0.60 MPa (absolute pressure) is more preferable.
- a polypropylene-based foam-molded article according to one embodiment of the present invention is a foam-molded article obtained by molding the present expanded particles (for example, in-mold foam molding).
- the "polypropylene-based foamed molded article according to one embodiment of the present invention” may be referred to as "this foamed molded article”.
- the present foam molded article has the above configuration, and thus has the advantage of being excellent in flame retardancy.
- the oxygen index is an index representing the minimum oxygen concentration (% by volume) required for a material (expanded molded article) to sustain combustion.
- "sustaining burning” means that the ignited material has a burning time of 180 seconds or less and a burning distance of 50 mm or less.
- the foam molded article preferably has an oxygen index of 26.0% or more, more preferably 26.5% or more, and even more preferably 27.0% or more.
- a foamed molded article having an oxygen index of 26.0% or more can be said to be a foamed molded article having excellent flame retardancy, and can also be said to be a foamed molded article having excellent non-ignitability.
- the higher the oxygen index the better, since a foamed molded article with more excellent flame retardancy can be provided. obtain.
- the oxygen index is a value measured in accordance with JIS K7201 (test method for combustibility by oxygen index).
- test sample of desired thickness 13 mm, 8 mm, or 5 mm
- the top of the (foaming molding) is fixed with a fixing clamp, the test sample is held vertically, and absorbent cotton is placed directly below
- Measure the burning time and glowing time of the test sample the flame contact time (10 seconds) is not included in the burning time), within 30 seconds If the burning stops at 10:00, the lower end of the test sample is again exposed to the flame of the gas burner for 10 seconds and burned (second burning); (4) The burning time and glowing time of the test sample are measured again; (5)
- the operations (1) to (4) are repeated five times with different samples, and the flame retardancy is evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- the molded article has superior flame retardancy as compared with the foam molded article which satisfies only V-2 and/or V-1.
- the molded body that satisfies V-0 does not ignite the absorbent cotton placed below the test sample due to the falling particles of the test sample during any combustion. That is, it can be said that even if combustible particles are generated during combustion, the extinguishing is extinguished before they reach the absorbent cotton (combustible material), so that the molded article has excellent self-extinguishing properties.
- a foam molded article satisfying V-0 has superior flame retardancy and self-extinguishing properties as compared to a foam molded article satisfying only V-2 and/or V-1. It can be said that it is a foam molding.
- a foamed molded product that satisfies the standard V-0 is defined as flame retardant. It can be evaluated as a foam molded product having excellent properties.
- the foamed molded product (a) has an oxygen index of 26.0% or more and/or (b) has a test sample thickness of 13 mm, 8 mm, or 5 mm. 0, it can be determined that the foamed molded article has excellent flame retardancy. That is, the present foam molded article satisfies the above (a) and/or the above (b). It is preferable that the present foam molded article satisfies both the above (a) and the above (b) so that the foam molded article has better flame retardancy.
- the density of the present foam molded product is preferably 15.0 g/L to 400.0 g/L. If the density of the molded product is 15.0 g/L or more, there is an advantage that the foamed molded product can have a smooth surface without sink marks and has excellent surface beauty. If it is below, a sufficiently lightweight foam molded article can be obtained.
- the density of the present foam molded product may be (I) 15.0 g / L to 92.0 g / L, and (II) may be more than 92.0 g / L and 400.0 g / L or less. .
- the density of the present foamed molded product is within the range of (I)
- a foamed molded product with excellent lightness and cushioning properties can be obtained.
- a foam molded article having excellent molded article strength, dimensional stability, and self-extinguishing property can be obtained.
- the method for producing the present foam molded article is not particularly limited, and known methods can be applied.
- a specific embodiment of the method for producing the present foam molded product includes, for example, a production method (in-mold foam molding method) including the following (b1) to (b6) in order, but is not limited to such a production method. : (b1) A mold composed of a fixed mold that cannot be driven and a movable mold that can be driven is mounted on an in-mold foam molding machine.
- the fixed mold and the movable mold can be formed inside the fixed mold and the movable mold by driving the movable mold toward the fixed mold (this operation is sometimes referred to as "mold closing"); (b2) driving the movable mold toward the fixed mold so that a slight gap (also called cracking) is formed so that the fixed mold and the movable mold are not completely closed; (b3) filling the foamed particles into the molding space formed inside the stationary mold and the moving mold, for example through a filling machine; (b4) driving the movable mold so that the fixed mold and the movable mold are completely closed (that is, the mold is completely closed); (b5) performing in-mold foam molding by preheating the mold with steam, heating the mold in one direction and in reverse with steam, and heating both sides of the mold with steam; (b6) The in-mold foam-molded product is removed from the mold and dried (for example, dried at 75° C.) to obtain a foam-molded product.
- mold closing this operation is sometimes referred to as "mold closing”
- a method of filling the molding space with the foamed particles after application (b3-2) A method of filling the molding space with foamed particles and then compressing them so as to reduce the volume in the mold by 10% to 75%; (b3-3) A method of compressing foamed particles with gas pressure to fill the molding space; (b3-4) A method of filling a molding space with expanded particles without any particular pretreatment.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium, neon, argon, etc. can be used as the inorganic gas in the method (b3-1) of the present method for producing a foamed molded product.
- air and/or carbon dioxide are preferred.
- the internal pressure of the foamed particles in the method (b3-1) of the method for producing the foamed molded product is preferably 0.11 MPa (absolute pressure) to 0.40 MPa (absolute pressure), and more preferably 0.13 MPa (absolute pressure) to 0.40 MPa (absolute pressure). 30 MPa (absolute pressure) is preferred.
- the temperature in the container when impregnating the foamed particles with the inorganic gas in the method (b3-1) of the method for producing the foamed molded article is preferably 10°C to 90°C, more preferably 40°C to 90°C. .
- the restoring force of the foamed particles compressed by gas pressure is used to fuse the foamed particles.
- An embodiment of the present invention may have the following configuration.
- the weight ratio of the hindered amine (C) to the organophosphorus compound (B) is from 1.0 to 20.0 [1] to [4]
- hindered amine (C) 1.0 wt% to 10.0 wt%.
- the hindered amine (C) is a compound of CAS number 191680-81-6 and/or bis(1-undecaneoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) carbonate , [1] to [11] and [18] to [21].
- Polypropylene (A1): Ethylene random polypropylene (ethylene/propylene random copolymer), MI 7.00 g/10 min, melting point 144°C, ethylene content 3.2%
- Polypropylene (A2): Ethylene random polypropylene (ethylene/propylene random copolymer), MI 5.00 g/10 min, melting point 143°C, ethylene content 3.5%
- Polypropylene (A3): ethylene random polypropylene (ethylene/propylene random copolymer), MI 4.00 g/10 min, melting point 143°C, ethylene content 3.4%
- Polypropylene (A4): ethylene random polypropylene (ethylene/propylene random copolymer), MI 6.00 g/10 min, melting point 143°C, ethylene content 3.4% ⁇ Organic phosphorus compound (B)> Pentaerythrityl diphosphonate: AFLAMMIT (registered trademark) PCO900 manufactured by Thor GmbH ⁇ Hind
- water which may function as a foaming component, is released as steam from the resulting foamed beads or evaporates during drying of the foamed beads.
- water, blowing agents, dispersing agents and dispersing aids are not included in the calculation of the composition of the expanded particles.
- MI of polypropylene resin (A) The MI of the polypropylene resin (A) was measured using an MI measuring instrument described in JIS K7210: 1999, with an orifice diameter of 2.0959 ⁇ 0.005 mm ⁇ , an orifice length of 8.000 ⁇ 0.025 mm, and a load of Measurement was performed under conditions of 2160 g and a temperature of 230 ⁇ 0.2°C.
- the melting point of the resin particles was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., model DSC6200). Specific measurement methods were as follows (1) to (3): (1) The temperature of 5 mg to 6 mg of resin particles was increased from 40.0° C. to 220° C. at a rate of 10.0° C./min. (2) Thereafter, the temperature of the melted resin particles was lowered from 220.0°C to 40.0°C at a rate of 10.0°C/min. (3) After that, the temperature of the crystallized resin particles was further raised from 40.0°C to 220.0°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min. .
- the temperature of the peak (melting peak) of the DSC curve of the resin particles obtained during the second heating was taken as the melting point of the resin particles.
- the temperature of the peak (melting peak) with the maximum amount of heat of fusion is taken as the temperature of the resin particles. was taken as the melting point of
- the method for measuring the average cell diameter of the foamed beads was as follows (1) to (5): (1) Using a razor (high stainless steel double-edged blade manufactured by Feather), so as to pass through the center of the foamed beads.
- the heat of fusion of the foamed beads on the high temperature side was measured by the following procedures (1) to (5): (1) about 5 mg of the foamed beads was weighed; (2) the temperature of the weighed foamed beads was increased to 10°C/min. (3) In the DSC curve of the expanded beads obtained in the process of (2) above, the temperature before the start of melting is A baseline was created by connecting the point and the point representing the temperature after the end of melting with a straight line; , drawn in the direction perpendicular to the X-axis; side melting heat.
- the oxygen index of the foam molded product was measured as follows (1) to (2): (1) A sample of length 150 mm x width 10 mm x thickness 10 mm was cut out from the foam molded product; ) The oxygen index of the cut sample was measured according to JIS K7201 (testing method for combustibility by oxygen index).
- Example 1 (Production of polypropylene resin particles)
- polypropylene resin (A2) is 83.6% by weight
- organic phosphorus compound (B) is 11.0% by weight
- hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight
- other additives The ingredients were dry blended to a total of 0.4% by weight of the inorganic nucleating agent talcan powder PK-S, the antioxidants Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1010, and the UV inhibitor Tinuvin 622.
- the resulting blend was charged into a twin-screw extruder [TEM26SX, manufactured by Shibaura Kikai Co., Ltd.] and melt-kneaded at a resin temperature of 250°C.
- the melt-kneaded polypropylene-based resin composition was extruded into strands through a die having a circular hole attached to the tip of the extruder.
- the extruded polypropylene resin composition was cooled with water and then cut with a cutter to obtain resin particles (granulation step). The melting point of the obtained resin particles was measured. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 2 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 81.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 13.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 150.9°C and the expansion pressure was 1.0 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 13.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 3 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A3) is 76.6% by weight, the organic phosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 8.0% by weight.
- Resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the components were dry-blended, and the expansion temperature was 150.3° C. and the expansion pressure was 1.0 MPa (gauge pressure). , each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 8.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 4 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A3) is 74.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 20.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the expansion temperature was 150.5° C. and the expansion pressure was 1.2 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 20.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 5 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A2) is 81.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 13.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 150.2°C and the expansion pressure was 1.5 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 13.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 6 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight. Resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that each component was dry-blended, and the expansion temperature was 151.8° C. and the expansion pressure was 0.8 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results. The obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 7 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 151.9°C and the expansion pressure was 0.7 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 8 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the expansion temperature was 151.6° C. and the expansion pressure was 1.0 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 9 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 151.9°C and the expansion pressure was 1.1 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 10 (Preparation of polypropylene resin particles and expanded polypropylene particles)
- the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight
- the organic phosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight
- the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- the resin particles and expanded particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the components were dry blended and the expansion temperature was 150.3° C. and the expansion pressure was 1.2 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 11 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A3) is 74.6% by weight, the organic phosphorus compound (B) is 20.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 10, except that the components were dry-blended, and the expansion temperature was 150.5°C and the expansion pressure was 1.2 MPa (gauge pressure). , each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 20.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 12 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A3) is 74.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 20.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the expansion temperature was 150.5° C. and the expansion pressure was 1.2 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 20.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 13 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A2) is 81.6% by weight, the organic phosphorus compound (B) is 13.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the components were dry-blended, and the expansion temperature was 148.5° C. and the expansion pressure was 2.3 MPa (gauge pressure). , each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 13.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 14 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A2) is 81.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 13.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 148.5°C and the expansion pressure was 2.3 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 13.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 15 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 150.3° C. and the expansion pressure was 2.3 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 16 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 150.3° C. and the expansion pressure was 2.3 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 17 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A1) is 79.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 15.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 150.3° C. and the expansion pressure was 2.3 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 15.0% by weight of the organophosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- polypropylene resin (A2) uses 83.6% by weight, organic phosphorus compound (B) is 13.0% by weight, and hindered amine (C) is 3.0% by weight. %, the foaming temperature was 150.2°C, and the foaming pressure was 1.3 MPa (gauge pressure).
- a foam molded article was obtained, and each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 13.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and 3.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- Example 19 In 100% by weight of the blend, the polypropylene resin (A2) is 81.6% by weight, the organophosphorus compound (B) is 13.0% by weight, and the hindered amine (C) is 5.0% by weight.
- Each component was dry-blended, and resin particles, expanded particles, and an expanded molded product were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the expansion temperature was 150.2°C and the expansion pressure was 1.5 MPa (gauge pressure). Each physical property was measured and evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- the obtained expanded beads contained 13.0% by weight of the organic phosphorus compound (B) and 5.0% by weight of the hindered amine (C) with respect to 100% by weight of the total amount of the expanded beads. .
- the foamed articles obtained by molding the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 19 all have an oxygen index of 26.0% or more.
- the foamed molded articles of Examples 1 to 4 and 6 to 7 satisfy the criterion V-0 under all conditions of sample thicknesses of 5 mm, 8 mm and 13 mm.
- the expanded molded articles formed by molding the expanded beads of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 all had an oxygen index of less than 26.0%, and the thickness of the sample was 5 mm, 8 mm, and 13 mm. , there is no foamed molded product that satisfies the criterion V-0.
- the oxygen index satisfies 26.0% or more and / or the sample thickness is 5 mm, 8 mm, 13 mm. In other words, it was shown that a foam molded article having excellent flame retardancy can be provided.
- polypropylene foam molded products with excellent flame retardancy can be used in various applications such as cushioning packaging materials, distribution materials, heat insulating materials, civil engineering and construction materials, and automobile materials. It can be suitably used in various fields, such as equipment and electronic equipment, which are required to meet strict flame retardancy standards.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1に記載の技術は、特許文献1が出願された当時の技術レベルに鑑みると優れた技術であった。しかし、近年、様々な産業分野(例えば、電気機器および電子機器、特に、電気自動車等に使用される機器)において、難燃性の基準は、特許文献1が出願された当時よりも、より厳しくなる傾向にあり、より優れた難燃性を有するポリプロピレン系発泡成形体が要求されている。
本発明の一実施形態に係るポリプロピレン系発泡粒子は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)と、有機リン系化合物(B)と、ヒンダードアミン(C)と、を含むポリプロピレン系発泡粒子であって、前記ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)10.0重量%超20.0重量%以下と、ヒンダードアミン(C)1.0重量%~10.0重量%と、を含む。
本明細書において、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)とは、樹脂に含まれる全構成単位100モル%中、プロピレン単量体に由来する構成単位を少なくとも50モル%以上含む樹脂を意図する。本明細書において、「プロピレン単量体に由来する構成単位」を「プロピレン単位」と称する場合もある。
本発泡粒子は、ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を10.0重量%超、20.0重量%以下含む。本発泡粒子本は上記構成を有することにより、難燃性に優れる発泡成形体を提供し得る、発泡粒子を提供できる、という利点を有する。
ホスホネートとは、R-PO(OH)2基および/またはR-PO(OR1)2基(ここで、Rは、メチル基、ベンジル基、アリール基、アルキニル基、アレニル基、ビニル基または置換されたビニル基等のヒドロカルビル基であり、R1はアルキル基またはアリール基等のヒドロカルビル基である)を含有する、エステル、および部分エステル、並びにこれらの塩を意図する。
有機亜リン酸エステルとしては、例えば、ジメチルホスファイト、ジエチルホスファイト、トリメチルホスファイト、ジブチルホスファイト、トリイソプロピルホスファイト、ジベンジルホスファイト、ビス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)ホスファイト、トリス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)ホスファイト、トリス(1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロピル)ホスファイトおよびジフェニルホスファイト等の、アルキルホスファイトおよびアリールアルキルホスファイト(ここで、好ましくは、当該アルキル基は、1~4個の炭素原子を有している);トリメチロールエタンサイクリックホスファイト(4-メチル-2,6,7-トリオキサ-1-ホスファビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタンとしても知られる)等のサイクリックホスファイト;並びに、2-ヒドロキシ-4,5-ジメチル-1,3,2-ジオキサホスホラン(2,3-ブチレンハイドロゲンホスファイト)、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-1,3,2-ジオキサホスホリナン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-1,3,2-ジオキサ-ホスホラン(プロピレンハイドロゲンホスファイト)、2-ヒドロキシ-1,3,2-ジオキサホスホリナン(トリメチレンハイドロゲンホスファイト)、2-ヒドロキシ-5,5-ジメチル-1,3,2-ジオキサホスホリナン、および2-ヒドロキシ-4-プロピル-5-エチル-1,3,2-ジオキサホスホリナン等の、米国特許第3152164号明細書において概説されているサイクリックハイドロゲンホスファイト;等が挙げられる。
ホスフィン酸またはジホスフィン酸の金属塩とは、化学式RR’P(=O)-OMeおよびMeO-PR(=O)-R1-PR’(=O)-OMeによって表される化合物(ホスフィン酸またはジホスフィン酸)の金属塩を意図する。ここで、RおよびR’は、独立して、C1-6アルキル基、C3-8シクロアルキル基、C6-16アリール基またはアルアルキル基からなる群から選択され、Meは、周期表のI族(アルカリ)、II族(アルカリ土類、もしくは亜鉛)またはIII族(例えば、アルミニウム)に由来する金属であり、かつR1は、C1-6アルキレン基、アリーレン基、アリールアルキレン基またはアレーン-ビスアルキレン連結基である。
ホスフィナートとしては、アルミニウムジエチルホスフィナート等が挙げられる。
ポリオールホスフェートアルコールとしては、ビス(ペンタエリスリトールホスフェートアルコール)アルキルホスホネート(ここで、当該アルキル基は、1~4個の炭素原子を有している)、または(ペンタエリスリトールホスフェートアルコール)ホスファイト等の市販されている化合物が挙げられる。
有機リン系化合物(B)としては、窒素含有有機リン系化合物を使用してもよい。窒素含有有機リン系化合物とは、構造式中に少なくとも一つのN原子を含む有機リン系化合物を意図する。窒素含有有機リン系化合物としては、例えば、ホスホルアミデート、有機ホスファゼン(およびこれらの塩)、ホスホルアミダイト、ホスホンアミド、および、ホスフィンアミド等が挙げられる。
本発泡粒子は、ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、ヒンダードアミン(C)を1.0重量%~10.0重量%含む。本発泡粒子は上記構成を有することにより、難燃性に優れる発泡成形体を提供し得る、発泡粒子を提供できる、という利点を有する。
(有機リン系化合物(B)に対するヒンダードアミン(C)の比率)
本明細書において、有機リン系化合物(B)に対するヒンダードアミン(C)の比率(以下、比率(B)/(C)と称する)は、発泡粒子の含む有機リン系化合物(B)の重量に対する、当該発泡粒子の含むヒンダードアミン(C)の重量の比率を意味する。本発泡粒子において、比率(B)/(C)は特に限定されない。
本明細書において、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)に対する、有機リン系化合物(B)およびヒンダードアミン(C)の合計量の比率(以下、比率(A)/{(B)+(C)}と称する)は、本発泡粒子の含む、有機リン系化合物(B)およびヒンダードアミン(C)の合計重量に対する、本発泡粒子の含むポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)の重量の比率を意味する。本発泡粒子において、比率(A)/{(B)+(C)}は、特に限定されない。
本発泡粒子は、有機リン系化合物、ヒンダードアミンの他に、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、任意でその他添加剤を含んでいてもよい。その他添加剤としては、抗酸化剤、UV光吸収剤、過酸化物捕捉剤、無機核形成剤、有機核形成剤、吸水性物質、帯電防止剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、結晶核剤、導電剤、潤滑剤、フィラー、カーボンブラック、粉状活性炭等が挙げられる。このようなその他添加剤は、本発泡粒子の製造において、樹脂粒子を製造する際に、後述するブレンド物もしくはポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物へ直接添加してもよく、予めその他の樹脂に当該添加剤を高濃度で含有させてマスターバッチ化しておき、得られたマスターバッチ樹脂を、前記ブレンド物もしくは前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物へ添加してもよい。マスターバッチ樹脂を作製する際に用いられる樹脂としては、ポリプロピレン系樹脂が好ましい。
(平均気泡径)
本発泡粒子の平均気泡径は、特に制限されないが、150μm~600μmであることが好ましく、180μm~450μmであることがより好ましく、200μm~400μmであることがさらに好ましい。本発泡粒子の平均気泡径が、(i)150μm以上である場合、表面美麗性に優れる発泡成形体を得ることができる。また、(ii)600μm以下である場合、発泡粒子の型内発泡成形時の2次発泡性が良好となり、表面美麗性に優れる発泡成形体を得ることができる。発泡粒子の平均気泡径は、発泡粒子のセル径であるとも言える。
本発泡粒子の高温側融解熱量は、5.0J/g~25.0J/gであることが好ましく、8.0J/g~22.0J/gであることがより好ましく、10.0J/g~20.0J/gであることがさらに好ましい。発泡粒子の高温側融解熱量が、(i)5.0J/g以上である場合、得られる発泡成形体の、型内発泡成形時における、発泡成形体表面でのヒケの発生、および、寸法の収縮を抑制でき、25.0J/g以下である場合、内部融着性に優れ、かつ、表面が平滑な発泡成形体を得ることができる。高温側融解熱量は、高温側融解ピーク熱量であるとも言える。
本発泡粒子の粒重量(発泡粒子の1粒当たりの粒重量)は、特に限定されないが、成形金型への充填性および得られる発泡成形体の表面美麗性の観点から、本発泡粒子1粒当たり、0.5mg~10.0mgであることが好ましく、0.5mg~5.0mgであることがより好ましく、0.5mg~2.0mgであることがさらに好ましい。
発泡粒子の1粒当たりの粒重量(mg)=(発泡粒子100粒の重量(mg))/100。
本発明の一実施形態に係るポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の製造方法は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子と、水系分散媒と、発泡剤とを容器中に分散させる分散工程と、前記分散工程にて得られた分散液を、前記容器内の圧力よりも低圧の領域に放出する放出工程と、を含み、前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)10.0重量%超20.0重量%以下と、ヒンダードアミン(C)1.0重量%~10.0重量%と、を含む。
本製造方法は、発泡工程の前に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子を調製する、造粒工程を含んでいてもよい。本明細書において、「ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子」を「樹脂粒子」と称する場合がある。
(樹脂粒子の融点)
樹脂粒子の融点としては、特に限定されないが、122.0℃~159.0℃が好ましく、127.0℃~157.0℃がより好ましく、132.0℃~151.0℃がより好ましく、135.0℃~148.0℃がより好ましく、136.0℃~145.0℃がさらに好ましく、138.0℃~144.0℃が特に好ましい。樹脂粒子の融点が、(i)122.0℃以上である場合、高温での寸法安定性に優れる発泡成形体を得ることができ、(ii)159.0℃以下である場合、低い水蒸気圧力で、発泡成形体を型内発泡成形することができる。
分散工程は、例えば、水系分散媒中に樹脂粒子と発泡剤と、必要に応じて分散剤および/または分散助剤とが分散している分散液を調製する工程ともいえる。
本製造方法は、分散工程の後であり、かつ放出工程の前に、(i)容器内温度を一定温度まで昇温し、かつ容器内圧力を一定圧力まで昇圧する昇温-昇圧工程と、(ii)容器内温度および圧力を一定温度かつ一定圧力で保持する保持工程とをさらに含むことが好ましい。保持工程は、昇温-昇圧工程後に実施されることが好ましい。本明細書において、昇温-昇圧工程および保持工程における(a)一定温度を発泡温度と称する場合があり、(b)一定圧力を発泡圧力と称する場合がある。
放出工程は、(a)昇温-昇圧工程を実施するが保持工程を実施しない場合には昇温-昇圧工程後、(b)昇温-昇圧工程および保持工程の両方を実施する場合には保持工程後、に実施されることが好ましい。放出工程により、樹脂粒子を発泡させることができ、結果として発泡粒子が得られる。放出工程は、容器の一端を解放し、容器内の分散液を、発泡圧力(すなわち、容器内圧力)よりも低圧の領域(空間)に放出する工程、ともいえる。
分散工程から放出工程までの工程を発泡工程と称する場合がある。また、このように、樹脂粒子から発泡粒子を製造する工程を「1段発泡工程」と呼び、得られた発泡粒子を「1段発泡粒子」と呼ぶ。
ところで、発泡倍率の高い発泡粒子を得る為には、1段発泡工程において無機系発泡剤の使用量を多量にするという方法(以下、方法1とする)がある。さらに、方法1以外の方法として、1段発泡工程で比較的低倍率(発泡倍率2.0倍~35.0倍程度)の発泡粒子(1段発泡粒子)を得た後、得られた1段発泡粒子を再度発泡させることで発泡倍率を高くする方法(以下、方法2とする)、も採用可能である。
本発明の一実施形態に係るポリプロピレン系発泡成形体は、本発泡粒子を成形(例えば、型内発泡成成形)してなる発泡成形体である。本明細書において、「本発明の一実施形態に係るポリプロピレン系発泡成形体」を、「本発泡成形体」と称する場合がある。
本明細書において、発泡成形体の難燃性は、酸素指数、および、UL94“垂直燃焼発泡材料試験”によって評価する。
酸素指数とは、材料(発泡成形体)が燃焼を持続するのに必要な最低酸素濃度(容量%)を表す指標である。ここで、「燃焼を持続する」とは、着火された材料における、燃焼時間が180秒以下かつ燃焼距離が50mm以下であることを意味する。
UL94“垂直燃焼発泡材料試験”の試験方法は以下の(1)~(5)の通りである:(1)所望の厚み(試料の厚み(t)=13mm、8mm、または5mm)の試験試料(発泡成形体)の上部を固定用クランプによって固定して、試験試料を垂直に保持し、直下に脱脂綿を設置する;(2)保持した試験試料の下端に10秒間ガスバーナーの炎を接炎させ、燃焼させる(1度目の燃焼);(3)試験試料の燃焼時間、および赤熱時間を測定し(なお、接炎時間(10秒)は、燃焼時間には含まれない)、30秒以内に燃焼が止まった場合、再度試験試料の下端に10秒間ガスバーナーの炎を接炎させ、燃焼させる(2度目の燃焼);(4)試験試料の燃焼時間、および赤熱時間を再度測定する;(5)試料を変えて(1)~(4)の操作を合計5回繰り返し、以下の評価基準に従って、難燃性を評価する。
[不合格(NG)]:
1度目の燃焼、あるいは2度目の燃焼時、試料が30秒以上燃焼を続ける、または、固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がある;
[V-2]:
1度目の接炎の後、30秒以上燃焼を続ける試料がなく、
5個の試料に対する10回の接炎後の燃焼時間の合計が250秒以下であり、
固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がなく、
2回目の接炎の後、燃焼時間と赤熱時間の和が250秒以上となる試料がなく、かつ
燃焼の際に落下した試験試料の粒子によって、試験試料の下方に置かれた脱脂綿が発火する試料がある;
[V-1]:
1度目および2度目のいずれの接炎の後も、30秒以上燃焼を続ける試料がなく、
5個の試料に対する10回の接炎後の燃焼時間の合計が250秒以下であり、
固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がなく、
2回目の接炎の後、燃焼時間と赤熱時間の和が250秒以上となる試料がなく、かつ、
いずれの燃焼の際にも、落下した試験試料の粒子によって、試験試料の下方に置かれた脱脂綿が発火する試料がない;
[V-0]:
1度目および2度目のいずれの接炎の後も、10秒以上燃焼を続ける試料がなく、
5個の試料に対する10回の接炎後の燃焼時間の合計が50秒以下であり、
固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がなく、
2回目の接炎の後、燃焼時間と赤熱時間の和が30秒以上となる試料がなく、かつ、
いずれの燃焼の際にも、落下した試験試料の粒子によって、試験試料の下方に置かれた脱脂綿が発火する試料がない。
本発泡成形体の密度は、15.0g/L~400.0g/Lであることが好ましい。成形体の密度が15.0g/L以上であれば、発泡成形体の表面にひけがなく、平滑であり、表面美麗性に優れる発泡成形体を得られるという利点があり、400.0g/L以下であると、十分に軽量化された発泡成形体を得られる。また、本発泡成形体の密度は(I)15.0g/L~92.0g/Lであってもよく、(II)92.0g/L超、400.0g/L以下であってもよい。本発泡成形体の密度が(I)の範囲内である場合、軽量性、および緩衝性により優れる発泡成形体が得られる。また、(II)の範囲内である場合、成形体強度、寸法安定性、および自己消火性により優れる発泡成形体が得られる。
本発泡成形体の製造方法は特に限定されず、公知の方法を適用することができる。本発泡成形体の製造方法の具体的態様としては、例えば以下(b1)~(b6)を順に含む製造方法(型内発泡成形法)が挙げられるが、かかる製造方法に限定されるものではない:
(b1)駆動し得ない固定型と駆動可能な移動型とから構成される金型を型内発泡成形機に搭載する。ここで、固定型および移動型は、固定型に向かって移動型を駆動させる(当該操作を「型閉じ」と称する場合がある)ことにより、固定型および移動型の内部に形成可能である;
(b2)固定型と移動型とが完全に型閉じされないように、わずかな隙間(クラッキングとも称する)が形成されるように、固定型に向かって移動型を駆動させる;
(b3)固定型および移動型の内部に形成された成形空間内に、例えば充填機を通して、発泡粒子を充填する;
(b4)固定型と移動型とが完全に型閉じするように移動型を駆動させる(すなわち、完全に型閉じする);
(b5)金型を水蒸気で予熱した後、金型を水蒸気で一方加熱および逆一方加熱し、さらに金型を水蒸気で両面加熱することにより、型内発泡成形を行う;
(b6)型内発泡成形物を金型から取り出し、乾燥(例えば、75℃で乾燥)することで、発泡成形体を得る。
(b3-1)発泡粒子(上述の2段発泡粒子を含む、以下同じ)を容器内で無機ガスで加圧処理して、当該発泡粒子内に無機ガスを含浸させ、所定の発泡粒子内圧を付与した後、当該発泡粒子を成形空間に充填する方法;
(b3-2)発泡粒子を成形空間に充填した後、当該金型内の体積を10%~75%減ずるように圧縮する方法;
(b3-3)発泡粒子をガス圧力で圧縮して成形空間に充填する方法;
(b3-4)特に前処理することなく、発泡粒子を成形空間に充填する方法。
実施例および比較例で使用した物質を以下に示す。
ポリプロピレン(A1):エチレンランダムポリプロピレン(エチレン/プロピレンランダム共重合体)、MI=7.00g/10分、融点144℃、エチレン含有量3.2%
ポリプロピレン(A2):エチレンランダムポリプロピレン(エチレン/プロピレンランダム共重合体)、MI=5.00g/10分、融点143℃、エチレン含有量3.5%
ポリプロピレン(A3):エチレンランダムポリプロピレン(エチレン/プロピレンランダム共重合体)、MI=4.00g/10分、融点143℃、エチレン含有量3.4%
ポリプロピレン(A4):エチレンランダムポリプロピレン(エチレン/プロピレンランダム共重合体)、MI=6.00g/10分、融点143℃、エチレン含有量3.4%
<有機リン系化合物(B)>
ペンタエリスリチルジホスホネート:Thor GmbH社製 AFLAMMIT(登録商標)PCO900
<ヒンダードアミン(C)>
CAS番号191680-81-6の化合物:BASF社製 FLAMESTAB(登録商標)NOR116
<その他の添加剤>
(無機核形成剤)
タルク:林化成社製 タルカンパウダーPK-S
(酸化防止剤)
BASF社製 Irgafos168
BASF社製 Irganox1010
(紫外線防止剤)
BASF社製 Tinuvin622
<発泡剤>
二酸化炭素:エア・ウォーター株式会社製。
カオリン:BASF社製 カオリンASP-170
第3リン酸カルシウム:太平化学社製 第3リン酸カルシウム
<分散助剤>
ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム:花王社製DBS G-15
なお、分散剤および分散助剤は、後述する分散工程において、分散液、または耐圧密閉容器中に添加するため、樹脂粒子、および発泡粒子には残存しないか、またはごく微量残存するにすぎない。また、発泡剤として使用した二酸化炭素は、発泡粒子のガス透過性が高いため、得られる発泡粒子から放散される。また、発泡成分として機能し得る水は、得られる発泡粒子から蒸気として放散されるか、または発泡粒子の乾燥時に蒸発する。これらの理由から、水、発泡剤、分散剤および分散助剤は、発泡粒子の組成の計算には含まない。
実施例および比較例において実施した評価方法に関して、以下に説明する。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)のMIは、JIS K7210:1999に記載のMI測定器を用い、オリフィスの直径が2.0959±0.005mmφ、オリフィスの長さが8.000±0.025mm、荷重が2160g、かつ、温度が230±0.2℃の条件下で測定した。
樹脂粒子の融点は示差走査熱量計(セイコーインスツルメンツ(株)製、DSC6200型)を用いて測定した。具体的な測定方法は以下の(1)~(3)の通りであった:(1)樹脂粒子5mg~6mgの温度を10.0℃/分の昇温速度で40.0℃から220.0℃まで昇温することにより当該樹脂粒子を融解させた;(2)その後、融解された樹脂粒子の温度を10.0℃/分の降温速度で220.0℃から40.0℃まで降温することにより当該樹脂粒子を結晶化させた;(3)その後、さらに、結晶化された樹脂粒子の温度を10℃/分の昇温速度で40.0℃から220.0℃まで昇温した。2回目の昇温時(すなわち(3)のとき)に得られる当該樹脂粒子のDSC曲線のピーク(融解ピーク)の温度を当該樹脂粒子の融点とした。なお、上述の方法により、2回目の昇温時に得られる、樹脂粒子のDSC曲線において、ピーク(融解ピーク)が複数存在する場合、融解熱量が最大のピーク(融解ピーク)の温度を、樹脂粒子の融点とした。
発泡粒子の平均気泡径の測定方法は、以下の(1)~(5)の通りであった:(1)カミソリ(フェザー社製ハイステンレス両刃)を用いて、発泡粒子の中心を通るように当該発泡粒子を切断した;(2)得られた発泡粒子の切断面を、光学顕微鏡(キーエンス社製VHX-5000)を用いて、倍率50倍にて観察した;(3)観察によって得られた画像において、当該発泡粒子の切断面の中心または略中心を通る直線を引いた;(4)(4-1)当該直線上に存在する気泡数nを測定し、(4-2)当該直線と当該発泡粒子表面との交点によって当該直線から切り取られた線分の長さを測定し、発泡粒子径Lとした;(5)以下の式により発泡粒子の平均気泡径を算出した:
平均気泡径(μm)=L/n。
発泡粒子の高温側融解熱量は次の(1)~(5)の手順によって測定した:(1)発泡粒子を約5mg量り取った;(2)量り取った発泡粒子の温度を10℃/分の昇温速度にて10℃から190℃まで昇温して、当該発泡粒子を融解した;(3)前記(2)の過程で得られる発泡粒子のDSC曲線において、融解開始前の温度を表す点と融解終了後の温度を表す点とを直線で結びベースラインを作成した;(4)高温側の融解ピークまたは最も高温の融解ピークと隣の融解ピークとの間の極大点を通る直線を、X軸に対して垂直方向に引いた;(5)ベースラインと極大点を通る直線とDSC曲線とに囲まれる高温側の領域から算出される熱量(J/g)を、発泡粒子の高温側融解熱量とした。
発泡成形体の密度(発泡成形体密度)の測定方法は以下の(1)~(3)の通りであった;(1)発泡成形体の長さ方向(mm)、幅方向(mm)、および厚さ方向の長さ(mm)を測定し、発泡成形体の体積V(L)を算出した;(2)当該発泡成形体の重量W(g)を測定した;(3)下記の式に基づき、発泡成形体の密度を算出した:
発泡成形体の密度(g/L)=W/V。
発泡成形体の難燃性は、酸素指数(Oxigen Index、OI)、および、UL94“垂直燃焼発泡材料試験”によって、測定、および評価した。
発泡成形体の酸素指数の測定は、以下の(1)~(2)の通りであった:(1)発泡成形体から長さ150mm×幅10mm×厚さ10mmの試料を切り出した;(2)切り出した試料の酸素指数を、JIS K7201(酸素指数による燃焼性の試験方法)に準拠して測定した。
UL94“垂直燃焼発泡材料試験”の試験方法は以下の(1)~(5)の通りであった:(1)発泡成形体から、特定の寸法(長さ125±5mm×幅13±0.5mm)で、かつ、特定の厚み(試験試料の厚み(t)=13mm、8mm、または5mm)を有する試験試料(試料)を切り取った;(2)切り取った試験試料の上部を固定用クランプによって固定して、該試験試料を垂直に保持し、直下に脱脂綿を設置した;(2)保持した試験試料の下端に10秒間ガスバーナーの炎を接炎させ、燃焼させた(1度目の燃焼);(3)試験試料の燃焼時間、および赤熱時間を測定し、30秒以内に燃焼が止まった場合、再度試験試料の下端に10秒間ガスバーナーの炎を接炎させ、燃焼させた(2度目の燃焼);(4)試験試料の燃焼時間、および赤熱時間を再度測定した;(5)試験試料を変えて(1)~(4)の操作を合計5回繰り返し、以下の評価基準に従って、難燃性を評価した。
[不合格(NG)]:1度目の燃焼、あるいは2度目の燃焼時、試料が30秒以上燃焼を続ける、または、固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がある;
[V-2]:1度目の接炎の後、30秒以上燃焼を続ける試料がなく、
5個の試料に対する、計10回の接炎後の燃焼時間の合計が250秒以下であり、
固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がなく、
2回目の接炎の後、燃焼時間と赤熱時間の和が250秒以上となる試料がなく、かつ
燃焼の際に落下した試験試料の粒子によって、試験試料の下方に置かれた脱脂綿が発火する試料がある;
[V-1]:1度目および2度目のいずれの接炎の後も、30秒以上燃焼を続ける試料がなく、
5個の試料に対する、計10回の接炎後の燃焼時間の合計が250秒以下であり、
固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がなく、
2回目の接炎の後、燃焼時間と赤熱時間の和が250秒以上となる試料がなく、かつ、
いずれの燃焼の際にも、落下した試験試料の粒子によって、試験試料の下方に置かれた脱脂綿が発火する試料がない。
5個の試料に対する、計10回の接炎後の燃焼時間の合計が50秒以下であり、
固定用クランプの位置まで燃焼する試料がなく、
2回目の接炎の後、燃焼時間と赤熱時間の和が30秒以上となる試料がなく、かつ、
いずれの燃焼の際にも、落下した試験試料の粒子によって、試験試料の下方に置かれた脱脂綿が発火する試料がない。
(ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子の作製)
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A2)が、83.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が11.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が5.0重量%、その他の添加剤として、無機核形成剤であるタルカンパウダーPK-S、酸化防止剤であるIrgafos168、Irganox1010、および紫外線防止剤であるTinuvin622が合計0.4重量%となるよう、各成分をドライブレンドした。
得られた樹脂粒子100重量部と、純水442重量部と、分散剤として第3リン酸カルシウムを1.1重量部、ならびにカオリンASP-170を0.22重量部と、分散助剤として、DBSを0.027重量部と、を耐圧密閉容器に投入した。その後、耐圧密閉容器内の原料を攪拌しながら、発泡剤として二酸化炭素2.1重量部を前記耐圧密閉容器内に導入し、分散液を調製した(分散工程)。次いで、耐圧密閉容器内の温度を150.0℃の発泡温度に加熱した。その後、耐圧密閉容器内に二酸化炭素を追加圧入し、耐圧密閉容器内を1.1MPa(ゲージ圧)の発泡圧力まで昇圧した(昇温-昇圧工程)。次いで、耐圧密閉容器内を前記発泡温度、発泡圧力で20分間保持した後(保持工程)、密閉容器下部のバルブを開いて、分散液を、口径3.6mmのオリフィスを通じて、大気圧下の発泡筒に放出して発泡粒子(1段発泡粒子)を得た(放出工程)。この際、分散液の放出中は耐圧密閉容器内の圧力が発泡圧力から低下しないように、二酸化炭素を耐圧密閉容器内に追加圧入して、耐圧密閉容器内の圧力を1.1MPa(ゲージ圧)に保持した。得られた発泡粒子について、平均気泡径、および高温側融解熱量を測定した、結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を11.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
得られた発泡粒子(1段発泡粒子)を耐圧密閉容器内に投入した。耐圧密閉容器内に空気を導入し、耐圧密閉容器内の発泡粒子に加圧空気を含浸させて、0.25MPa(絶対圧)の発泡粒子内圧(絶対圧)を発泡粒子に付与した。空気を含浸させた発泡粒子を、成形機(ダイセン株式会社製ポリプロピレン型内発泡成形機)を用いて、0.32MPa(ゲージ圧)の水蒸気で加熱成形することにより、発泡成形体を得た。得られた発泡成形体を室温で1時間放置した後、75℃の恒温室内で12時間養生乾燥を行い、再び室温で4時間放置した。その後、上述の方法により、得られた発泡成形体の密度、および難燃性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、81.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.9℃、発泡圧力を1.0MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A3)が、76.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、8.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.3℃、発泡圧力を1.0MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を8.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A3)が、74.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、20.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.5℃、発泡圧力を1.2MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を20.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A2)が、81.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.2℃、発泡圧力を1.5MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を151.8℃、発泡圧力を0.8MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を151.9℃、発泡圧力を0.7MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を151.6℃、発泡圧力を1.0MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を151.9℃、発泡圧力を1.1MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
(ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子、およびポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の作製)
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.3℃、発泡圧力を1.2MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により樹脂粒子、および発泡粒子(1段発泡粒子)を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
得られた1段発泡粒子を60℃にて6時間乾燥させた後、耐圧密閉容器内に投入した。耐圧密閉容器内に空気を導入し、耐圧密閉容器内の1段発泡粒子に加圧空気を含浸させて、0.30MPa(絶対圧)の発泡粒子内圧(絶対圧)を1段発泡粒子に付与した。空気を含浸させた(発泡粒子内圧を付与した)1段発泡粒子約20Lを発泡機内へ投入した。次いで、30秒間、0.10MPa(ゲージ圧)の水蒸気で、発泡機内の1段発泡粒子を加熱することで、1段発泡粒子をさらに発泡(2段発泡)させ、発泡粒子(2段発泡粒子)を得た。
得られた発泡粒子(2段発泡粒子)を耐圧密閉容器内に投入したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A3)が、74.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が20.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.5℃、発泡圧力を1.2MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例10と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を20.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A3)が、74.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、20.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.5℃、発泡圧力を1.2MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を20.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A2)が、81.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を148.5℃、発泡圧力を2.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A2)が、81.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を148.5℃、発泡圧力を2.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.3℃、発泡圧力を2.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.3℃、発泡圧力を2.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.3℃、発泡圧力を2.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を15.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A2)が、83.6重量%、を使用し、有機リン系化合物(B)が、13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、3.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.2℃、発泡圧力を1.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を3.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A2)が、81.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.2℃、発泡圧力を1.5MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を13.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、95.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、1.3重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.7℃、発泡圧力を1.7MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、また、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を1.3重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、96.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、0.3重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.7℃、発泡圧力を1.7MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、また、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を0.3重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A2)が、79.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、20.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、ヒンダードアミン(C)を使用せず、その他の添加剤を合計で050重量部とし、発泡温度を150.2℃、発泡圧力を1.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を20.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、95.9重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、1.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.3℃、発泡圧力を2.3MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を1.0重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、95.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、1.3重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.5℃、発泡圧力を2.0MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を2.7重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を1.3重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A1)が、93.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、4.5重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、1.5重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.7℃、発泡圧力を1.7MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を4.5重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を1.5重量%含むものであった。
ブレンド物100重量%中、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A4)が、85.6重量%、有機リン系化合物(B)が、9.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)が、5.0重量%となるよう各成分をドライブレンドし、発泡温度を150.5℃、発泡圧力を1.4MPa(ゲージ圧)としたこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法により、樹脂粒子、発泡粒子、および発泡成形体を得、各物性を測定、評価した。結果を表3に示す。なお、得られた発泡粒子は、当該発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)を9.0重量%、ヒンダードアミン(C)を5.0重量%含むものであった。
表1~表3より以下のことが明らかにわかる:
実施例1~19の発泡粒子を成形してなる発泡成形体は、いずれも酸素指数が26.0%以上である。また、実施例1~4、6~7の発泡成形体は、試料の厚さが5mm、8mm、13mmの全ての条件において、基準V-0を満たしている。一方で、比較例1~7の発泡粒子を成形してなる発泡成形体は、いずれも酸素指数が26.0%未満であり、また、試料の厚さが5mm、8mm、13mmの全ての条件において、基準V-0を満たす発泡成形体も存在しない。以上のように、本願構成によれば、酸素指数が26.0%以上を満たす、および/または、試料の厚さが5mm、8mm、13mmの全ての条件において、基準V-0を満たす発泡成形体を得ることができること、すなわち、難燃性に優れる発泡成形体を提供できることが示された。
Claims (16)
- ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)と、有機リン系化合物(B)と、ヒンダードアミン(C)と、を含むポリプロピレン系発泡粒子であって、
前記ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の全量100重量%に対して、
有機リン系化合物(B)10.0重量%超、20.0重量%以下と、
ヒンダードアミン(C)1.0重量%~10.0重量%と、を含むポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。 - 前記有機リン系化合物(B)は、サイクリックホスホネートである、請求項1に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 前記サイクリックホスホネートは、サイクリックビスホスホネートである、請求項2に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 前記サイクリックビスホスホネートは、ペンタエリスリチルジホスホネートである、請求項3に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 前記有機リン系化合物(B)に対する前記ヒンダードアミン(C)の、重量の比率(比率(B)/(C))は、1.0~20.0である、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)に対する、前記有機リン系化合物(B)および前記ヒンダードアミン(C)の合計量の、重量の比率(比率(A)/{(B)+(C)})は、1~10である、請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 示差走査熱量計法による測定において2つの融解ピークを有し、高温側融解熱量が5.0J/g~25.0J/gである、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)のMIが、3.00g/10分~30.00g/10分である、請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)は、プロピレンとプロピレン以外の単量体とのランダム共重合体である、請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 平均気泡径が180μm~450μmであり、かつ、粒重量が0.5mg~10.0mgである、請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子を成形してなる、ポリプロピレン系発泡成形体。
- JIS K7201に準拠して測定した前記発泡成形体の酸素指数が、26.0%以上である請求項11に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡成形体。
- 密度が15.0g/L~92.0g/Lである、請求項11または12に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡成形体。
- 密度が92.0g/L超、400.0g/L以下である、請求項11または12に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡成形体。
- ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子と、水系分散媒と、発泡剤とを容器中に分散させる分散工程と、
前記分散工程にて得られた分散液を、前記容器内の圧力よりも低圧の領域に放出する放出工程と、を含み、
前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子は、前記ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子の全量100重量%に対して、有機リン系化合物(B)10.0重量%超20.0重量%以下と、ヒンダードアミン(C)1.0重量%~10.0重量%と、を含む、ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の製造方法。 - 前記分散液は、第3リン酸カルシウム、カオリンおよびドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを含む、請求項15に記載のポリプロピレン系発泡粒子の製造方法。
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WO2010119670A1 (ja) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリオレフィン系樹脂予備発泡粒子およびポリオレフィン系樹脂予備発泡粒子からなるポリオレフィン系樹脂型内発泡成形体 |
WO2013022049A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子およびその型内発泡成形体 |
US8598369B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2013-12-03 | Basf Se | Bi—or tricyclic sterically hindered alkoxyamines and process for their preparation |
WO2016052739A1 (ja) | 2014-10-03 | 2016-04-07 | カネカ ベルギー ナムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | ポリオレフィン系樹脂予備発泡粒子および型内発泡成形体、並びにそれらの製造方法 |
JP2018030939A (ja) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-01 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | 難燃性樹脂組成物及び成形品 |
JP2021138664A (ja) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-16 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 有機リン化合物、熱可塑性樹脂組成物及び電子機器 |
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WO2023181879A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-28 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリプロピレン系発泡粒子、および、ポリプロピレン系発泡成形体、並びにそれらの製造方法 |
WO2024189729A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-13 | 2024-09-19 | ジェイエスピー インターナショナル エスエーアールエル | ポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子及び発泡粒子成形体 |
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JPWO2022203035A1 (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
EP4317288A1 (en) | 2024-02-07 |
EP4317288A4 (en) | 2025-03-26 |
CN117083324A (zh) | 2023-11-17 |
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