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WO2022184862A1 - Device, vehicle and method for working soil in agriculture, arboriculture and truffle growing - Google Patents

Device, vehicle and method for working soil in agriculture, arboriculture and truffle growing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022184862A1
WO2022184862A1 PCT/EP2022/055471 EP2022055471W WO2022184862A1 WO 2022184862 A1 WO2022184862 A1 WO 2022184862A1 EP 2022055471 W EP2022055471 W EP 2022055471W WO 2022184862 A1 WO2022184862 A1 WO 2022184862A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
teeth
rotary shaft
rotation
tooth
soil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/055471
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas FROMENT
Original Assignee
Froment
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Froment filed Critical Froment
Publication of WO2022184862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022184862A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B23/00—Elements, tools, or details of harrows
    • A01B23/02—Teeth; Fixing the teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
    • A01B33/021—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel with rigid tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/08—Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
    • A01B33/10—Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B35/00—Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B35/20—Tools; Details
    • A01B35/28—Rotating tools; Mounting rotating tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B73/00—Means or arrangements to facilitate transportation of agricultural machines or implements, e.g. folding frames to reduce overall width
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B73/00—Means or arrangements to facilitate transportation of agricultural machines or implements, e.g. folding frames to reduce overall width
    • A01B73/02—Folding frames
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B73/00—Means or arrangements to facilitate transportation of agricultural machines or implements, e.g. folding frames to reduce overall width
    • A01B73/02—Folding frames
    • A01B73/04—Folding frames foldable about a horizontal axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus intended for tillage in arboriculture and truffle cultivation.
  • the invention also relates to an agricultural vehicle equipped with such a device and to a soil working method using such a vehicle.
  • truffles For the truffle culture, the good development of the truffles and the yield of the truffle require a specific soil structure allowing their enlargement and their maturation: the ground must be worked to be flexible and aerated but not unstructured in depth. In fact, truffles need airy soil to grow and mature, but too intensive tillage (harrowing/ploughing) can limit the quantity of truffles in the soil (for example in the case where roots of truffle-bearing trees were broken).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by avoiding the passage of machinery over the burnt areas (causing a compaction of the soil) and by aerating the soil without destructuring it (in order to avoid breaking the roots of trees carrying truffles) .
  • the invention aims to provide an agricultural device particularly suitable for working the soil of tree crops and the cultivation of truffles.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide an agricultural device adapted to allow simple and rapid installation on an agricultural vehicle.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a vehicle equipped with such an agricultural device.
  • the invention relates to an agricultural device comprising:
  • a movable frame connected to said fixed frame and configured to be able to be moved in rotation relative to said fixed frame around a pivot axis, said movable frame comprising at least one longitudinal upright extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of said frame mobile,
  • rotary shaft fixed to said upright of the movable frame, said rotary shaft having an axis of rotation extending in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the movable frame, characterized in that it further comprises:
  • each set of teeth comprising at least three teeth, and characterized in that:
  • each tooth is configured to be driven in rotation by said rotary shaft, each tooth extending substantially radially relative to the axis of rotation of said rotary shaft and having a tapered distal end having a non-zero radius of curvature.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to loosen and not to turn over the different layers of the soil. This way of working preserves the soil ecosystem. This therefore makes it a privileged tool for crops requiring gentle tillage (truffle cultivation, kiwi growing, olive growing, permaculture, etc.).
  • said movable frame comprises at least one upright longitudinal extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of said movable frame.
  • tapered tooth is meant any fine tooth having an elongated shape, the dimensions of which taper towards their distal end, like a knife blade.
  • Each set of teeth therefore comprises at least three teeth distinct from each other, said teeth of the same set of teeth extending substantially in the same plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft.
  • An agricultural device defines a main axis of advancement, called axis of displacement, corresponding to a privileged axis of advancement of an agricultural vehicle to which it can be fixed when it carries out agricultural work.
  • This axis of movement is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis along which the movable frame of a device according to the invention has the largest overall dimension.
  • the width of a device according to the invention is a dimension of the latter along an axis orthogonal to said longitudinal axis.
  • a forward orientation and a rearward orientation can be defined orthogonally to said longitudinal axis, either that the agricultural implement according to the invention has a privileged direction, called the forward direction, of advancement along said axis of shift; or on the contrary that the agricultural device according to the invention is adapted to be able to move in both directions along said axis of movement, in which case any one of the longitudinal ends of the device is designated the right end, the other end opposite longitudinal being designated left end.
  • a device makes it possible both to deport the work area outside the passage area of the tractor and to drive a shaft of specific teeth with a rotational speed that is adjustable and proportional to the advance of the tractor.
  • a device is structured in two parts: a fixed frame that can be hitched to a vehicle such as a tractor, and a mobile frame mounted on a pivot adapted to be able to tilt laterally using a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the tine shaft which is mounted on this movable frame is thus entirely offset laterally from the tractor when working the soil.
  • the tine shaft is characterized by a rotary shaft extending along the longitudinal axis of the movable frame and controlled by a hydraulic jack, and a motor making it possible to modulate the speed of rotation of the rotary shaft.
  • the rotational movement of the shaft can be controlled so that it has a rotational speed proportional to the forward speed of the tractor. This allows the tines to go into the ground and come out almost at the same place, this has the effect of slightly lifting a clod from the ground but without turning it over.
  • the soil is thus loosened but not destructured and the roots of the plants are partly spared.
  • the inventor has effectively observed that the trajectory followed by the end of each tooth is very close to that of a straight cycloid.
  • all the teeth are mounted on the sets of teeth of said rotary shaft so that, the distal end of each tooth having an edge of concave shape, the concavity of each tooth is oriented identically.
  • said device comprises between five and eight sets of teeth.
  • each set of teeth comprises at least two teeth.
  • each set of teeth comprises between two and eight teeth.
  • each set of teeth comprises four teeth.
  • the distal end of each tooth forms an angle of between 5° and 20° with a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of said rotary shaft (the rectilinear proximal portion of said teeth being located in this plane) . This makes it possible to slightly increase the working of the soil and its aeration.
  • said device comprises a cylinder hydraulic adapted to be able to move said movable frame between at least one folded position, and at least one working position in which said agricultural device has a longitudinal size greater than its size in the folded position.
  • said apparatus comprises a hydraulic motor, fixed to the movable frame, adapted to control the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft.
  • said device comprises gauge wheels adapted to be able to rest in contact with the ground.
  • An apparatus according to the present invention can be towed by an agricultural vehicle, in particular a tractor, in particular a tractor of small dimensions and medium power.
  • said teeth in at least one position of rotation of said teeth around the axis of rotation of said rotating shaft of the movable frame, said teeth extend at least in part in a direction orthogonal to a main plane in which s extend the uprights of the mobile frame, and beyond this plane so as to extend towards the ground and to be able to penetrate the ground.
  • ogival teeth are fixed on the rotating shaft on flanges integral with the rotating shaft of varying diameters.
  • the dimensioning and the curvature of the ogival tines fixed on the square flanges vary according to the tillage required.
  • This solution prevents the tractor from rolling around the perimeter of the crown (projection on the ground vertically of the foliage of a tree) and/or on burnt areas (truffle production area) and thus avoids compacting the earth .
  • This process prevents erosion, allows the storage of water in depth and a better exchange between air and soil. In the case of truffle fields, the growth of truffles is thus favored.
  • the tapered teeth used have a specific design depending on the desired depth.
  • the working depth and the type of soil determine the attack radius of the tines and the working speed of the tine shaft, so as to allow aeration of the soil without destructuring.
  • the dimensions of the teeth, in particular their length, can be provided to make it possible to reach the sub-layer of the soil which, thus perforated, will allow soil/air exchanges.
  • tines can for example be provided depending on the desired working width. They are mounted on the rotating shaft with an angular offset to guarantee a permanent grip in the ground.
  • the rotating shaft has a variable length and diameter on which square flanges are fixed, the spacing of which is determined by the type of soil and the intensity of the work desired.
  • the square flanges are for example pierced in their four corners in order to allow the fixing of the teeth.
  • the fixing of the teeth is done for example by bolting (bolts and nuts).
  • the rotational speed of the tine shaft combined with the speed of the tractor and the specific design of the tines allow a permanent grip in the ground.
  • the hydraulic pump makes it possible to modulate the speed of rotation of the motor, and of the shaft comprising the teeth.
  • the transmission is done for example by a system of the chain and sprockets type.
  • the rotational speed of the shaft with the teeth is determined by the sizing of the hydraulic pump and the motor.
  • the work is thus continuous and homogeneous: regularity of the advance without risk of stalling and working the soil too deep.
  • the teeth are arranged to allow an advantageous balancing of the masses which is important due to a low rotational speed of the shaft.
  • the profile of the tines is sized so that they enter the ground and come out of the ground almost at the same point so that the ground is not unstructured.
  • an apparatus according to the invention can in addition to having a protective bodywork. It may for example be a mesh material forming an upper shell arranged above the rotary shaft and the teeth of the movable frame.
  • the invention therefore relates to an agricultural device comprising a rotary tool (rotary tine shaft) allowing the tillage of the soil without destructuring generating a loosening without turning over and without upsetting the layers.
  • a rotary tool rotary tine shaft
  • the tines driven by the horizontal circular shaft, penetrate the ground along an axis.
  • the rotational movement of the shaft combined and proportional to the forward speed of the tractor, allows the tines to enter the ground and come out of it almost at the same place, this has the effect of slightly lifting a clod but without return it.
  • the soil is thus loosened but not destructured and the roots of the plants are partly spared.
  • This agricultural implement is characterized by a work area completely offset from the tractor's rolling area and by a tine shaft allowing aeration of the soil without destructuring it.
  • the agricultural machine is characterized in that it comprises an assembly adaptable to the power take-off of the tractor composed of a fixed frame and a mobile frame.
  • the fixed frame can be fixed by a three-point hitch on the hitch of a tractor so as to allow it to benefit from the transmission of the power take-off.
  • the width of the fixed frame of the agricultural implement may vary depending on the width of the tractor frame.
  • the mobile frame is mounted via a pivot connection to the fixed frame and tilts laterally using a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the pivot connection between the fixed and mobile chassis of the agricultural implement allows the offset of the work area outside the rolling area of the tractor.
  • the complete folding of the mobile frame of the agricultural device for its transport by a pivot link The mobile frame receives the circular shaft (toothed shaft), which is mounted in a pivot connection with respect to the fixed frame, the tilting of which is ensured by a hydraulic cylinder.
  • a hydraulic motor fixed to the mobile frame makes it possible to modulate the speed of rotation of the circular shaft supporting the tines.
  • a horizontal circular shaft (shaft with teeth), of variable length and diameter fixed to the mobile frame on which are fixed square flanges whose spacing is determined by the type of soil and the intensity of the work desired.
  • the curved shape also called “circular”
  • the dimensions of the tines adapted to penetrate the soil to ensure loosening, their assembly on the shaft, their direction of rotation and the rotation speed allow penetration and exit of the tines by the same point, without pulling out of the ground.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle equipped with an agricultural device according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method of working soil using a vehicle equipped with an agricultural device according to the invention.
  • a vehicle equipped with an agricultural device according to the invention is used, and said vehicle is moved at a speed of between 2 km/h and 4 km/h, the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft being between 0.8 revolutions per second and 2 revolutions per second.
  • said vehicle is moved at a speed of between 2.5 km/h and 3 km/h, the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft being between 1 revolution per second and 1.5 revolutions per second.
  • said vehicle is moved at a speed of between 2.5 km/h and 2.8 km/h, the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft being substantially equal to 1 revolution per second.
  • the inventor has observed better tillage results when the forward speed of the vehicle is close to or slightly lower than the speed followed by the end of the teeth of the agricultural implement according to the invention, i.e. to say that the forward speed of the vehicle is substantially equal to or slightly less than the speed of rotation of the rotating shaft (in radians/second) multiplied by the radius of the rotating shaft (distance separating the axis of rotation from rotating shaft at the distal end of one tooth) in meter.
  • the rotation of said rotary shaft is controlled so that, the distal end of each tooth having an edge of concave shape, the concavity of each tooth is oriented on a side corresponding to the front of the direction of rotation of the rotary shaft.
  • the tine tree can also present several of the following additional characteristics.
  • the rotation speed of the rotary shaft is low and adjustable so as not to turn over and destructure the soil.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle and an agricultural device characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of a device agricultural device according to the invention with the movable frame in the folded position (road trip configuration)
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view from above of an agricultural device according to the invention with the movable frame in the working position (frame aligned in the same plane)
  • FIG. 3A is a perspective view from above of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3B is a side view of a rotary shaft of a device according to the invention
  • Figure 3C is a front view (from the distal end) of a rotating shaft of an agricultural implement according to the invention
  • Figure 4A is a perspective view from above of a tine of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4B is a side view of a tooth of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to a variant of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents in perspective an agricultural device comprising a fixed frame 1 adapted to be able to be hitched to an agricultural vehicle and a movable frame 3, connected to the fixed frame and configured to be able to be moved in rotation relative to the fixed frame around a pivot axis 5.
  • the mobile frame
  • a rotary shaft 4 is fixed to the upright 12 of the movable frame 3.
  • the rotary shaft 4 is fixed to the upright 12 of the movable frame 3.
  • the device comprises several trains 15 of teeth, each train of teeth comprising at least three teeth, here four teeth 8 on each train 15 of teeth.
  • Each tooth is configured to be able to be driven in rotation by the rotary shaft 4, each tooth 8 extending substantially radially with respect to the axis of rotation 9 of the rotary shaft and having a tapered distal end and having a radius of non-zero curvature.
  • each tooth 8 has a straight proximal portion 18 and a curved distal portion 20.
  • Each tooth is here in the form of a blade or a tapered plate having two main faces opposite to each other and a small thickness.
  • the device comprises a fixed frame 1.
  • the latter is equipped with means 2 for fixing to a three-point hitch (FIG. 2) which can be fixed on the hitch of a tractor and can thus benefit from the power take-off transmission.
  • a three-point hitch FIG. 2
  • the width of the fixed frame 1 is defined according to the tractor used in order to be able to shift the mobile frame 3 beyond the rolling area of the tractor and thus avoid the compaction of the earth in the perimeter of the crown (projection on the ground vertically) or burns in truffle farming.
  • This mobile frame 3, which receives the cutter shaft 4, is mounted in pivot connection 5 with respect to the fixed frame 1.
  • the tilting is ensured by a hydraulic cylinder 6
  • the device When the cylinder is in the retracted position, the device is in the folded position, making it easier to transport (figure 1). When the cylinder is extended, the device is in working position (figure 2).
  • the rotating shaft with 4 teeth works the soil in an area which is not compacted by the passage of the tractor.
  • a hydraulic motor 7 adapted to operate at low speed (i.e. speeds generally between 0.5 revolutions per minute and 3 revolutions per minute).
  • the speed of rotation of the rotary shaft 4 is chosen according to the forward speed of the tractor. Its direction of rotation is preferably identical to the direction of advancement of the tractor.
  • the design of the tapered teeth 8 curves is as follows: shape of the tillage zone: curved (curved), number of tines per cutter: four (even number), mounting of the tines in the direction of rotation to avoid turning the soil over.
  • the dimensions and positions of the teeth 8, associated with the rotation speed, make it possible to obtain the desired optimized movement: penetration and removal from the ground without tearing.
  • the tines enter and withdraw from the ground substantially at the same point on the ground.
  • the tines can be bent laterally (see figure 5) and mounted alternately (one tine curved to the left, one tine curved to the right, and so on).
  • Each train of teeth fixed on a square flange integral with the shaft is fixed with an identical angular offset in order to guarantee continuity of tillage. This offset is determined according to the number of sets of teeth (see FIG. 3C).
  • FIG. 3C makes it possible to visualize the angular offset between each tooth of the different sets of teeth (24 teeth in total here).
  • the fixing of the teeth 8 is done for example using bolts 17 and nuts in holes 14 provided in the proximal portion 18 of each tooth 8.
  • the side view of a tooth of the rotary shaft represented in FIG. 4B has for example a length of 217 mm, an overall width of 110 mm and a curved portion having a radius of curvature of the order of 65 mm.
  • the device makes it possible to meet a need for mechanization of soil aeration operations for truffle and tree production and all soil operations without destructuring. It replaces the current manual labor with high productivity.
  • Two gauge wheels can be mounted in the lower part of the uprights of the fixed frame and a gauge wheel can for example be mounted in the lower part of the uprights of the mobile frame.
  • the gauge wheels are for example provided at the front of the uprights of the frames (that is to say fixed to the upright 12 of the movable frame 3).
  • the gauge wheels are not driven. They can help stabilize the device during its movement and to reduce the mass of the mobile frame supported in particular by the cylinder 6.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an agricultural device comprising: - a fixed chassis (1) capable of being hitched to an agricultural vehicle, - a movable chassis (3) connected to the fixed chassis and configured to be rotatably movable relative to the fixed chassis (1) about a pivot axis (5), - a rotating shaft attached to the upright of the movable chassis, characterised in that it further comprises: - teeth configured to be rotatable by the rotating shaft (4), each of the teeth having a tapered distal end with a non-zero radius of curvature, - the teeth extending, at least in part, in a direction orthogonal to a main plane in which the uprights of the movable chassis extend, and beyond said plane so as to be able to penetrate the soil. The invention also relates to a vehicle provided with such an agricultural device and a soil working method.

Description

APPAREIL, VÉHICULE ET PROCÉDÉ DESTINÉS AU TRAVAIL DES SOLS EN AGRICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE ET TRUFFICULTURE APPARATUS, VEHICLE AND PROCESS FOR WORKING SOIL IN AGRICULTURE, ARBORICULTURE AND TRUFFICULTURE

Domaine technique de l’invention Technical field of the invention

La présente invention a pour objet un appareil destiné au travail du sol en arboriculture et truffi culture. L’invention concerne également un véhicule agricole équipé d’un tel appareil et un procédé de travail du sol mettant en œuvre un tel véhicule. The present invention relates to an apparatus intended for tillage in arboriculture and truffle cultivation. The invention also relates to an agricultural vehicle equipped with such a device and to a soil working method using such a vehicle.

Arrière-plan technologique Technology background

Pour la truffi culture, le bon développement des truffes et le rendement de la truffière nécessitent une structure du sol spécifique permettant leur grossissement et leur maturation : le terrain doit être travaillé pour être souple et aéré mais non- déstructuré en profondeur. En effet, les truffes ont besoin d'un sol aéré pour grossir et mûrir, mais un travail du sol trop intensif (de type hersage / labourage) peut limiter la quantité de truffes dans le sol (par exemple dans le cas où des racines des arbres porteuses des truffes étaient brisées). For the truffle culture, the good development of the truffles and the yield of the truffle require a specific soil structure allowing their enlargement and their maturation: the ground must be worked to be flexible and aerated but not unstructured in depth. In fact, truffles need airy soil to grow and mature, but too intensive tillage (harrowing/ploughing) can limit the quantity of truffles in the soil (for example in the case where roots of truffle-bearing trees were broken).

Les outils existants permettent de travailler le sol mais ne créent pas les conditions optimales au bon développement des truffes : ils déstructurent le sol plus qu'ils ne l'aèrent. D’autre part, le passage des tracteurs sur les surfaces de production (appelées « brûlés ») tassent la terre. The existing tools make it possible to work the soil but do not create the optimal conditions for the proper development of truffles: they destructure the soil more than they aerate it. On the other hand, the passage of tractors over production surfaces (called “burnt areas”) compacts the earth.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en évitant le passage des engins sur les brûlés (entraînant un tassement du sol) et en aérant le sol sans le déstructurer (afin d’éviter de casser les racines des arbres porteurs de truffes). The purpose of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by avoiding the passage of machinery over the burnt areas (causing a compaction of the soil) and by aerating the soil without destructuring it (in order to avoid breaking the roots of trees carrying truffles) .

Objectifs de l’invention Objectives of the invention

L’invention vise à fournir un appareil agricole particulièrement adapté au travail du sol des cultures arboricoles et de la culture de la truffe. The invention aims to provide an agricultural device particularly suitable for working the soil of tree crops and the cultivation of truffles.

L’invention vise en particulier à fournir un appareil agricole adapté pour permettre une installation simple et rapide à un véhicule agricole. The invention aims in particular to provide an agricultural device adapted to allow simple and rapid installation on an agricultural vehicle.

L’invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation de l’invention, un véhicule équipé d’un tel appareil agricole. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a vehicle equipped with such an agricultural device.

Exposé de l’invention Disclosure of Invention

Pour ce faire, l’invention concerne un appareil agricole comprenant : To do this, the invention relates to an agricultural device comprising:

- un châssis fixe adapté pour pouvoir être attelé à un véhicule agricole, - a fixed frame suitable for being hitched to an agricultural vehicle,

- un châssis mobile, relié audit châssis fixe et configuré pour pouvoir être déplacé en rotation par rapport audit châssis fixe autour d’un axe de pivot, ledit châssis mobile comprenant au moins un montant longitudinal s’étendant sensiblement parallèlement à un axe longitudinal dudit châssis mobile, - a movable frame, connected to said fixed frame and configured to be able to be moved in rotation relative to said fixed frame around a pivot axis, said movable frame comprising at least one longitudinal upright extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of said frame mobile,

- un arbre rotatif fixé audit montant du châssis mobile, ledit arbre rotatif présentant un axe de rotation s’étendant selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à l’axe longitudinal du châssis mobile, caractérisé ce qu’il comprend en outre : - a rotary shaft fixed to said upright of the movable frame, said rotary shaft having an axis of rotation extending in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the movable frame, characterized in that it further comprises:

- une pluralité de trains de dents, chaque train de dents comprenant au moins trois dents, et caractérisé en ce que : - a plurality of sets of teeth, each set of teeth comprising at least three teeth, and characterized in that:

- chaque dent est configurée pour pouvoir être entraînée en rotation par ledit arbre rotatif, chaque dent s’étendant sensiblement radial ement par rapport à l’axe de rotation dudit arbre rotatif et présentant une extrémité distale effilée présentant un rayon de courbure non nul. - each tooth is configured to be driven in rotation by said rotary shaft, each tooth extending substantially radially relative to the axis of rotation of said rotary shaft and having a tapered distal end having a non-zero radius of curvature.

L’un des buts de la présente invention est d'ameublir et non de retourner les différentes couches du sol. Cette manière de travailler préserve l'écosystème du sol. Ceci en fait donc un outil privilégié pour les cultures nécessitant un travail du sol en douceur (truffi culture, kiwiculture, oléiculture, permaculture...). One of the aims of the present invention is to loosen and not to turn over the different layers of the soil. This way of working preserves the soil ecosystem. This therefore makes it a privileged tool for crops requiring gentle tillage (truffle cultivation, kiwi growing, olive growing, permaculture, etc.).

Le travail du sol par ce procédé évite l’arrachement des racines et le retournement de mottes tout en permettant l’aération du sol, jusqu'à la profondeur atteinte par les dents, ce qui offre de l'oxygène au sol et aux organismes qui en ont besoin pour bien se développer. Working the soil by this process avoids the uprooting of roots and the turning over of clods while allowing aeration of the soil, down to the depth reached by the tines, which provides oxygen to the soil and to the organisms that need it to grow well.

En particulier, ledit châssis mobile comprend au moins un montant longitudinal s’étendant parallèlement à un axe longitudinal dudit châssis mobile.In particular, said movable frame comprises at least one upright longitudinal extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of said movable frame.

Par « dent effilée » on désigne toute dent fine présentant une forme allongée, dont les dimensions s’amincissent vers leur extrémité distale, à la façon d’une lame de couteau. By “tapered tooth” is meant any fine tooth having an elongated shape, the dimensions of which taper towards their distal end, like a knife blade.

Chaque train de dents comprend donc au moins trois dents distinctes les unes des autres, lesdites dents d’un même train de dents s’étendant sensiblement dans un même plan orthogonal à l’axe de rotation de l’arbre rotatif. Each set of teeth therefore comprises at least three teeth distinct from each other, said teeth of the same set of teeth extending substantially in the same plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft.

Un appareil agricole selon l'invention définit un axe principal d'avancement, dit axe de déplacement, correspondant à un axe privilégié d'avancement d’un véhicule agricole auquel il peut être fixé lorsqu'il effectue des travaux agricoles. Cet axe de déplacement est sensiblement orthogonal à un axe longitudinal selon lequel le châssis mobile d’un appareil selon l'invention présente la plus grande dimension hors tout. La largeur d'un appareil selon l'invention est une dimension de ce dernier selon un axe orthogonal audit axe longitudinal. De même, une orientation vers l'avant et une orientation vers l'arrière peuvent être définies orthogonalement audit axe longitudinal, soit que l’appareil agricole selon l'invention présente un sens privilégié, dit sens avant, d'avancement selon ledit axe de déplacement; soit au contraire que l’appareil agricole selon l'invention soit adapté pour pouvoir se déplacer dans les deux sens selon ledit axe de déplacement, auquel cas l'une quelconque des extrémités longitudinales de l’appareil est désignée extrémité droite, l'autre extrémité longitudinale opposée étant désignée extrémité gauche. An agricultural device according to the invention defines a main axis of advancement, called axis of displacement, corresponding to a privileged axis of advancement of an agricultural vehicle to which it can be fixed when it carries out agricultural work. This axis of movement is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis along which the movable frame of a device according to the invention has the largest overall dimension. The width of a device according to the invention is a dimension of the latter along an axis orthogonal to said longitudinal axis. Similarly, a forward orientation and a rearward orientation can be defined orthogonally to said longitudinal axis, either that the agricultural implement according to the invention has a privileged direction, called the forward direction, of advancement along said axis of shift; or on the contrary that the agricultural device according to the invention is adapted to be able to move in both directions along said axis of movement, in which case any one of the longitudinal ends of the device is designated the right end, the other end opposite longitudinal being designated left end.

Un appareil selon l'invention permet à la fois de déporter la zone de travail hors de la zone de passage du tracteur et d’entraîner un arbre de dents spécifiques avec une vitesse de rotation modulable et proportionnelle à l'avance du tracteur. A device according to the invention makes it possible both to deport the work area outside the passage area of the tractor and to drive a shaft of specific teeth with a rotational speed that is adjustable and proportional to the advance of the tractor.

Ces deux caractéristiques associées permettent un travail du sol optimal pour le développement des truffes mais également des productions arboricoles et agricoles. These two associated characteristics allow optimal tillage for the development of truffles but also arboreal and agricultural production.

Un appareil selon l'invention est structuré en deux parties : un châssis fixe pouvant être attelé à un véhicule tel qu’un tracteur, et un châssis mobile monté sur un pivot adapté pour pouvoir basculer latéralement à l'aide d'un vérin hydraulique. A device according to the invention is structured in two parts: a fixed frame that can be hitched to a vehicle such as a tractor, and a mobile frame mounted on a pivot adapted to be able to tilt laterally using a hydraulic cylinder.

L'arbre de dents qui est monté sur ce châssis mobile est ainsi entièrement décalé latéralement du tracteur lors du travail du sol. L’arbre de dents est caractérisé par un arbre rotatif s’étendant selon l’axe longitudinal du châssis mobile et piloté par un vérin hydraulique, et un moteur permettant de moduler la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre rotatif. Le mouvement de rotation de l’arbre, peut être commandé de façon à ce qu’il présente une vitesse de rotation proportionnelle à la vitesse d'avancement du tracteur. Ceci permet aux dents de rentrer dans la terre en d'en ressortir quasiment au même endroit, cela a pour effet de soulever légèrement une motte du sol mais sans la retourner. Le sol est ainsi ameubli mais non déstructuré et les racines des végétaux sont en parties épargnées. L’inventeur a effectivement observé que la trajectoire suivie par l’extrémité de chaque dent est très proche de celle d’une cycloïde droite. The tine shaft which is mounted on this movable frame is thus entirely offset laterally from the tractor when working the soil. The tine shaft is characterized by a rotary shaft extending along the longitudinal axis of the movable frame and controlled by a hydraulic jack, and a motor making it possible to modulate the speed of rotation of the rotary shaft. The rotational movement of the shaft can be controlled so that it has a rotational speed proportional to the forward speed of the tractor. This allows the tines to go into the ground and come out almost at the same place, this has the effect of slightly lifting a clod from the ground but without turning it over. The soil is thus loosened but not destructured and the roots of the plants are partly spared. The inventor has effectively observed that the trajectory followed by the end of each tooth is very close to that of a straight cycloid.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, toutes les dents sont montées sur les trains de dents dudit arbre rotatif de sorte que, l’extrémité distale de chaque dent présentant une arête de forme concave, la concavité de chaque dent est orientée de façon identique. Advantageously and according to the invention, all the teeth are mounted on the sets of teeth of said rotary shaft so that, the distal end of each tooth having an edge of concave shape, the concavity of each tooth is oriented identically.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, ledit appareil comprend entre cinq et huit trains de dents. Advantageously and according to the invention, said device comprises between five and eight sets of teeth.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, chaque train de dents comprend au moins deux dents. Avantageusement et selon l’invention, chaque train de dents comprend entre deux et huit dents. Avantageusement et selon l’invention, chaque train de dents comprend quatre dents. Advantageously and according to the invention, each set of teeth comprises at least two teeth. Advantageously and according to the invention, each set of teeth comprises between two and eight teeth. Advantageously and according to the invention, each set of teeth comprises four teeth.

Outre la courbure de l’extrémité des dents, il est possible de prévoir que tout ou partie de la portion d’extrémité des dents soit pliée d’un angle inférieur ou égal à 15° ou 20°, c’est-à-dire présente également une incurvation latérale (vers la gauche ou vers la droite par rapport à la direction et au sens d’avancement du véhicule agricole). Avantageusement et selon l’invention, l’extrémité distale de chaque dent forme un angle compris entre 5° et 20° avec un plan orthogonal à l’axe de rotation dudit arbre rotatif (la portion proximale rectiligne desdites dents étant située dans ce plan). Ceci permet d’augmenter légèrement le travail du sol et son aération. In addition to the curvature of the end of the teeth, it is possible to provide that all or part of the end portion of the teeth be bent by an angle less than or equal to 15° or 20°, that is to say also has a lateral curvature (to the left or to the right with respect to the direction and direction of travel of the agricultural vehicle). Advantageously and according to the invention, the distal end of each tooth forms an angle of between 5° and 20° with a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of said rotary shaft (the rectilinear proximal portion of said teeth being located in this plane) . This makes it possible to slightly increase the working of the soil and its aeration.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, ledit appareil comprend un vérin hydraulique adapté pour pouvoir déplacer ledit châssis mobile entre au moins une position repliée, et au moins une position de travail dans laquelle ledit appareil agricole présente un encombrement longitudinal supérieur à son encombrement en position repliée. Advantageously and according to the invention, said device comprises a cylinder hydraulic adapted to be able to move said movable frame between at least one folded position, and at least one working position in which said agricultural device has a longitudinal size greater than its size in the folded position.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, ledit appareil comprend un moteur hydraulique, fixé sur le châssis mobile, adapté pour contrôler la vitesse de rotation dudit arbre rotatif. Advantageously and according to the invention, said apparatus comprises a hydraulic motor, fixed to the movable frame, adapted to control the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, ledit appareil comprend des roues de jauge adaptées pour pouvoir reposer au contact du sol. Advantageously and according to the invention, said device comprises gauge wheels adapted to be able to rest in contact with the ground.

Un appareil selon la présente invention peut être tracté par un véhicule agricole, en particulier un tracteur, notamment un tracteur de petites dimensions et de puissance moyenne. An apparatus according to the present invention can be towed by an agricultural vehicle, in particular a tractor, in particular a tractor of small dimensions and medium power.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, dans au moins une position de rotation desdites dents autour de l’axe de rotation dudit arbre rotatif du châssis mobile, lesdites dents s’étendent au moins en partie selon une direction orthogonale à un plan principal dans lequel s’étendent les montants du châssis mobile, et au- delà de ce plan de façon à s’étendre vers le sol et à pouvoir pénétrer dans le sol. Advantageously and according to the invention, in at least one position of rotation of said teeth around the axis of rotation of said rotating shaft of the movable frame, said teeth extend at least in part in a direction orthogonal to a main plane in which s extend the uprights of the mobile frame, and beyond this plane so as to extend towards the ground and to be able to penetrate the ground.

Sont par exemples fixées sur l’arbre rotatif quatre dents ogivales sur des flasques solidaires de l’arbre rotatif de diamètre pouvant varier. Le dimensionnement et la courbure des dents ogivales fixées sur les flasques carrés varient en fonction du travail du sol recherché. For example, four ogival teeth are fixed on the rotating shaft on flanges integral with the rotating shaft of varying diameters. The dimensioning and the curvature of the ogival tines fixed on the square flanges vary according to the tillage required.

Cette solution permet d'éviter au tracteur de rouler sur le périmètre du houppier (projection au sol à la verticale du feuillage d’un arbre) et ou sur les brûlés (zone de production des truffes) et ainsi d’éviter de tasser la terre. Ce procédé permet d’éviter l'érosion, permet le stockage de l'eau en profondeur et un meilleur échange entre l’air et le sol. Dans le cas des truffières, la croissance des truffes est ainsi favorisée. This solution prevents the tractor from rolling around the perimeter of the crown (projection on the ground vertically of the foliage of a tree) and/or on burnt areas (truffle production area) and thus avoids compacting the earth . This process prevents erosion, allows the storage of water in depth and a better exchange between air and soil. In the case of truffle fields, the growth of truffles is thus favored.

Les dents effilées utilisées ont une conception spécifique en fonction de la profondeur souhaitée. La profondeur de travail et le type de sol déterminent le rayon d’attaque des dents et de la vitesse de travail de l’arbre de dents, de façon à permettre une aération du sol sans déstructuration. Les dimensions des dents, en particulier leur longueur, peuvent être prévues pour permettre d’atteindre la sous-couche du sol qui ainsi perforée permettra les échanges sol/air. The tapered teeth used have a specific design depending on the desired depth. The working depth and the type of soil determine the attack radius of the tines and the working speed of the tine shaft, so as to allow aeration of the soil without destructuring. The dimensions of the teeth, in particular their length, can be provided to make it possible to reach the sub-layer of the soil which, thus perforated, will allow soil/air exchanges.

Entre quatre et douze, en particulier entre cinq et huit trains de dents peuvent par exemple être prévus en fonction de la largeur de travail désirée. Ils sont montés sur l'arbre rotatif avec un décalage angulaire pour garantir une prise dans le sol permanente. Between four and twelve, in particular between five and eight sets of tines can for example be provided depending on the desired working width. They are mounted on the rotating shaft with an angular offset to guarantee a permanent grip in the ground.

L’arbre rotatif présente une longueur et une diamètre variable sur lequel sont fixés des flasques carrés dont l’espacement est déterminé par le type de sol et l'intensité du travail désiré. Les flasques carrés sont par exemple percées en leurs quatre coins afin de permettre la fixation des dents. La fixation des dents se fait par exemple par boulonnage (boulons et écrous). The rotating shaft has a variable length and diameter on which square flanges are fixed, the spacing of which is determined by the type of soil and the intensity of the work desired. The square flanges are for example pierced in their four corners in order to allow the fixing of the teeth. The fixing of the teeth is done for example by bolting (bolts and nuts).

La vitesse de rotation de l’arbre de dents, combinée à la vitesse du tracteur et du design spécifiques des dents permettent une prise permanente dans le sol. La pompe hydraulique permet de moduler la vitesse de rotation du moteur, et de l’arbre comportant les dents. La transmission se fait par exemple par un système du type chaîne et pignons. The rotational speed of the tine shaft, combined with the speed of the tractor and the specific design of the tines allow a permanent grip in the ground. The hydraulic pump makes it possible to modulate the speed of rotation of the motor, and of the shaft comprising the teeth. The transmission is done for example by a system of the chain and sprockets type.

La vitesse de rotation de l’arbre comportant les dents est déterminée par le dimensionnement de la pompe hydraulique, et du moteur. Le travail est ainsi continu et homogène : régularité de l'avance sans risque de décrochage et de travail trop en profondeur de la terre. The rotational speed of the shaft with the teeth is determined by the sizing of the hydraulic pump and the motor. The work is thus continuous and homogeneous: regularity of the advance without risk of stalling and working the soil too deep.

Ces caractéristiques permettent d'aérer le sol sans le retourner, sans déstructuration et sans bouleversement des couches. These characteristics make it possible to aerate the soil without turning it over, without destructuring and without upsetting the layers.

L’objet de l’invention sera explicité à titre d’exemple à l’aide des dessins annexés sans limiter l’étendue de la protection. The object of the invention will be explained by way of example using the appended drawings without limiting the scope of the protection.

Les dents sont disposées afin de permettre un équilibrage des masses avantageux qui est important du fait d’une vitesse de rotation basse de l’arbre. The teeth are arranged to allow an advantageous balancing of the masses which is important due to a low rotational speed of the shaft.

Le profil des dents est dimensionné de sorte que celles-ci pénètrent dans le sol et ressortent du sol quasiment au même point de sorte que le sol n’est pas déstructuré. The profile of the tines is sized so that they enter the ground and come out of the ground almost at the same point so that the ground is not unstructured.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, un appareil selon l’invention peut en outre comporter une carrosserie de protection. Il peut par exemple s’agir d’un matériau grillagé formant une coque supérieure disposée au-dessus de l’arbre rotatif et des dents du châssis mobile. Advantageously and according to the invention, an apparatus according to the invention can in addition to having a protective bodywork. It may for example be a mesh material forming an upper shell arranged above the rotary shaft and the teeth of the movable frame.

L’invention concerne donc un appareil agricole comprenant un outil rotatif (arbre à dents rotatif) permettant le travail du sol sans déstructuration générant un ameublissement sans retournement et sans bouleversement des couches. Les dents, entraînées par l’arbre circulaire horizontale, pénètrent dans le sol selon un axe. Le mouvement de rotation de l’arbre, combiné et proportionnel à la vitesse d'avancement du tracteur, permet aux dents de rentrer dans la terre et d'en ressortir quasiment au même endroit, cela a pour effet de soulever légèrement une motte mais sans la retourner. Le sol est ainsi ameubli mais non déstructuré et les racines des végétaux sont en partie épargnées. The invention therefore relates to an agricultural device comprising a rotary tool (rotary tine shaft) allowing the tillage of the soil without destructuring generating a loosening without turning over and without upsetting the layers. The tines, driven by the horizontal circular shaft, penetrate the ground along an axis. The rotational movement of the shaft, combined and proportional to the forward speed of the tractor, allows the tines to enter the ground and come out of it almost at the same place, this has the effect of slightly lifting a clod but without return it. The soil is thus loosened but not destructured and the roots of the plants are partly spared.

Le mouvement de rotation de l’arbre permet aux dents de soulever une large motte qui se divise mais reste en place, la rotation permettant à la dent de ressortir. Le sol est ainsi ameubli mais pas retourné. The rotational movement of the shaft allows the tines to lift a large clod which splits but stays in place, the rotation allowing the tine to come out. The soil is thus loosened but not turned over.

Cet appareil agricole est caractérisé par une zone de travail entièrement déportée de la zone de roulage du tracteur et par un arbre à dents permettant une aération du sol sans le déstructurer. L’appareil agricole est caractérisé en ce qu’il comporte un ensemble adaptable à la prise de force du tracteur composé d’un châssis fixe et d’un châssis mobile. This agricultural implement is characterized by a work area completely offset from the tractor's rolling area and by a tine shaft allowing aeration of the soil without destructuring it. The agricultural machine is characterized in that it comprises an assembly adaptable to the power take-off of the tractor composed of a fixed frame and a mobile frame.

Le châssis fixe peut être fixé par un attelage trois points sur l'attelage d’un tracteur de façon à lui permettre de bénéficier de la transmission de la prise de force. The fixed frame can be fixed by a three-point hitch on the hitch of a tractor so as to allow it to benefit from the transmission of the power take-off.

La largeur du châssis fixe de l’appareil agricole peut varier en fonction de la largeur du châssis du tracteur. The width of the fixed frame of the agricultural implement may vary depending on the width of the tractor frame.

Le châssis mobile est monté via une liaison pivot au châssis fixe et basculant latéralement à l'aide d'un vérin hydraulique. La liaison pivot entre les châssis fixe et mobile de l’appareil agricole permet le déport de la zone de travail hors de la zone de roulage du tracteur. The mobile frame is mounted via a pivot connection to the fixed frame and tilts laterally using a hydraulic cylinder. The pivot connection between the fixed and mobile chassis of the agricultural implement allows the offset of the work area outside the rolling area of the tractor.

Le repliage complet du châssis mobile de l’appareil agricole pour son transport par une liaison pivot. Le châssis mobile reçoit l'arbre circulaire (arbre à dents), qui est monté en liaison pivot par rapport au châssis fixe dont le basculement est assuré par un vérin hydraulique. The complete folding of the mobile frame of the agricultural device for its transport by a pivot link. The mobile frame receives the circular shaft (toothed shaft), which is mounted in a pivot connection with respect to the fixed frame, the tilting of which is ensured by a hydraulic cylinder.

Un moteur hydraulique fixé sur le châssis mobile permet de moduler la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre circulaire supportant les dents. A hydraulic motor fixed to the mobile frame makes it possible to modulate the speed of rotation of the circular shaft supporting the tines.

Un arbre circulaire (arbre à dents) horizontal, de longueur et de diamètre variable fixé sur le châssis mobile sur lequel sont fixés des flasques carré dont l’espacement est déterminé par le type de sol et l'intensité du travail désiré. A horizontal circular shaft (shaft with teeth), of variable length and diameter fixed to the mobile frame on which are fixed square flanges whose spacing is determined by the type of soil and the intensity of the work desired.

La fixation de flasques carrés solidaires de l’arbre circulaire (arbre à dents) de diamètre variable sur lesquelles sont fixées quatre dents ogivales. The fixing of square flanges integral with the circular shaft (shaft with teeth) of variable diameter on which are fixed four ogival teeth.

La forme courbée (également dite « circulaire ») et les dimensions des dents adaptées pour pénétrer dans le sol afin d’assurer l’ameublissement, leur assemblage sur l'arbre, leur sens de rotation et la vitesse de rotation permettent une pénétration et une sortie des dents par le même point, sans arrachement du sol. The curved shape (also called "circular") and the dimensions of the tines adapted to penetrate the soil to ensure loosening, their assembly on the shaft, their direction of rotation and the rotation speed allow penetration and exit of the tines by the same point, without pulling out of the ground.

L’invention concerne également un véhicule équipé d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention. The invention also relates to a vehicle equipped with an agricultural device according to the invention.

L’invention concerne également un procédé de travail d’un sol à l’aide d’un véhicule équipé d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention. The invention also relates to a method of working soil using a vehicle equipped with an agricultural device according to the invention.

Dans un procédé de travail d’un sol selon l’invention, on utilise un véhicule équipé d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention, et on déplace ledit véhicule à une vitesse comprise entre 2 km/h et 4 km/h, la vitesse de rotation dudit arbre rotatif étant comprise entre 0,8 tour par seconde et 2 tours par seconde. En particulier, on déplace ledit véhicule à une vitesse comprise entre 2,5 km/h et 3 km/h, la vitesse de rotation dudit arbre rotatif étant comprise entre 1 tour par seconde et 1,5 tours par seconde. Pour une même vitesse de rotation dudit arbre rotatif, il est à noter que plus on augmente la vitesse d’avancement du véhicule (et donc de l’appareil selon l’invention ainsi tracté) moins le travail du sol est important. In a soil working method according to the invention, a vehicle equipped with an agricultural device according to the invention is used, and said vehicle is moved at a speed of between 2 km/h and 4 km/h, the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft being between 0.8 revolutions per second and 2 revolutions per second. In particular, said vehicle is moved at a speed of between 2.5 km/h and 3 km/h, the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft being between 1 revolution per second and 1.5 revolutions per second. For the same speed of rotation of said rotary shaft, it should be noted that the more the forward speed of the vehicle (and therefore of the device according to the invention thus towed) is increased, the less the tillage is important.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, on déplace ledit véhicule à une vitesse comprise entre 2,5 km/h et 2,8 km/h, la vitesse de rotation dudit arbre rotatif étant sensiblement égale à 1 tour par seconde. L’inventeur a observé de meilleurs résultats de travail du sol lorsque la vitesse d’avancement du véhicule est proche ou légèrement inférieure à la vitesse suivie par l’extrémité des dents de l’appareil agricole selon l’invention, c’est-à-dire que la vitesse d’avancement du véhicule est sensiblement égale ou légèrement inférieure à la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre rotatif (en radian/seconde) multipliée par le rayon de l’arbre rotatif (distance séparant l’axe de rotation de l’arbre rotatif à l’extrémité distale d’une dent) en mètre. Advantageously and according to the invention, said vehicle is moved at a speed of between 2.5 km/h and 2.8 km/h, the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft being substantially equal to 1 revolution per second. The inventor has observed better tillage results when the forward speed of the vehicle is close to or slightly lower than the speed followed by the end of the teeth of the agricultural implement according to the invention, i.e. to say that the forward speed of the vehicle is substantially equal to or slightly less than the speed of rotation of the rotating shaft (in radians/second) multiplied by the radius of the rotating shaft (distance separating the axis of rotation from rotating shaft at the distal end of one tooth) in meter.

Avantageusement et selon l’invention, on commande la rotation dudit arbre rotatif de sorte que, l’extrémité distale de chaque dent présentant une arête de forme concave, la concavité de chaque dent est orientée d’un côté correspondant à l’avant du sens de rotation de l’arbre rotatif. Advantageously and according to the invention, the rotation of said rotary shaft is controlled so that, the distal end of each tooth having an edge of concave shape, the concavity of each tooth is oriented on a side corresponding to the front of the direction of rotation of the rotary shaft.

Afin d'obtenir un travail du sol optimum pour les productions arboricoles et trufficoles, l’arbre de dents peut également présenter plusieurs des caractéristiques complémentaires suivantes. La vitesse de rotation de l’arbre rotatif est faible et modulable afin de ne pas retourner et déstructurer le sol. In order to obtain optimum tillage for arboreal and truffle production, the tine tree can also present several of the following additional characteristics. The rotation speed of the rotary shaft is low and adjustable so as not to turn over and destructure the soil.

L’invention concerne également un véhicule et un appareil agricole caractérisés en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci- dessus ou ci-après. The invention also relates to a vehicle and an agricultural device characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.

D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante donnée à titre uniquement non limitatif et qui se réfère aux figures annexées dans lesquelles : la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de dessus d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention avec le châssis mobile en position repliée (configuration trajet sur route), la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de dessus d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention avec le châssis mobile en position de travail (châssis alignés dans un même plan), la figure 3 A est une vue en perspective de dessus d’un arbre rotatif d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention, la figure 3B est une vue de côté d’un arbre rotatif d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention, la figure 3C est une vue de face (depuis l’extrémité distale) d’un arbre rotatif d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention, la figure 4A est une vue en perspective de dessus d’une dent d’un arbre rotatif d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention, la figure 4B est une vue de côté d’une dent d’un arbre rotatif d’un appareil agricole selon l’invention, la figure 5 est une vue de côté d’un arbre rotatif d’un appareil agricole selon une variante de l’invention. Other aims, characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description given solely by way of non-limiting and which refers to the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of a device agricultural device according to the invention with the movable frame in the folded position (road trip configuration), FIG. 2 is a perspective view from above of an agricultural device according to the invention with the movable frame in the working position (frame aligned in the same plane), FIG. 3A is a perspective view from above of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to the invention, FIG. 3B is a side view of a rotary shaft of a device according to the invention, Figure 3C is a front view (from the distal end) of a rotating shaft of an agricultural implement according to the invention, Figure 4A is a perspective view from above of a tine of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to the invention, FIG. 4B is a side view of a tooth of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to the invention, FIG. 5 is a side view of a rotary shaft of an agricultural device according to a variant of the invention.

Description détaillée d’un mode de réalisation de l’inventionDetailed description of an embodiment of the invention

Sur les figures, les échelles et les proportions ne sont pas strictement respectées et ce, à des fins d’illustration et de clarté. In the figures, scales and proportions are not strictly adhered to, for purposes of illustration and clarity.

En outre, les éléments identiques, similaires ou analogues sont désignés par les mêmes références dans toutes les figures. In addition, identical, similar or analogous elements are designated by the same references in all the figures.

La figure 1 représente schématiquement en perspective un appareil agricole comprenant un châssis fixe 1 adapté pour pouvoir être attelé à un véhicule agricole et un châssis mobile 3, relié au châssis fixe et configuré pour pouvoir être déplacé en rotation par rapport au châssis fixe autour d’un axe de pivot 5. Le châssis mobileFIG. 1 schematically represents in perspective an agricultural device comprising a fixed frame 1 adapted to be able to be hitched to an agricultural vehicle and a movable frame 3, connected to the fixed frame and configured to be able to be moved in rotation relative to the fixed frame around a pivot axis 5. The mobile frame

3 comprend au moins un montant longitudinal 10, 12 s’étendant sensiblement parallèlement à un axe longitudinal du châssis mobile 3. 3 comprises at least one longitudinal upright 10, 12 extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the movable frame 3.

Un arbre rotatif 4 est fixé au montant 12 du châssis mobile 3. L’arbre rotatifA rotary shaft 4 is fixed to the upright 12 of the movable frame 3. The rotary shaft

4 présente un axe de rotation 9 s’étendant selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à l’axe longitudinal du châssis mobile. 4 has an axis of rotation 9 extending in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the movable frame.

Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 5, l’appareil comprend plusieurs trains 15 de dents, chaque train de dents comprenant au moins trois dents, ici quatre dents 8 sur chaque train 15 de dents. As can be seen in Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 5, the device comprises several trains 15 of teeth, each train of teeth comprising at least three teeth, here four teeth 8 on each train 15 of teeth.

Chaque dent est configurée pour pouvoir être entraînée en rotation par l’arbre rotatif 4, chaque dent 8 s’étendant sensiblement radialement par rapport à l’axe de rotation 9 de l’arbre rotatif et présentant une extrémité distale effilée et présentant un rayon de courbure non nul. Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 4 A et 4B, chaque dent 8 présente une portion proximale 18 rectiligne et une portion distale 20 courbe. Chaque dent se présente ici sous la forme d’une lame ou d’une plaquette de forme effilée présentant deux faces principales opposées l’une par rapport à l’autre et une faible épaisseur. Each tooth is configured to be able to be driven in rotation by the rotary shaft 4, each tooth 8 extending substantially radially with respect to the axis of rotation 9 of the rotary shaft and having a tapered distal end and having a radius of non-zero curvature. As can be seen in Figures 4A and 4B, each tooth 8 has a straight proximal portion 18 and a curved distal portion 20. Each tooth is here in the form of a blade or a tapered plate having two main faces opposite to each other and a small thickness.

Rien n’empêche de prévoir qu’un véhicule selon l’invention soit télécommandé, par exemple par un opérateur humain à l’aide d’une télécommande ou même de façon robotisée. There is nothing to prevent providing for a vehicle according to the invention to be remote-controlled, for example by a human operator using a remote control or even robotically.

En référence à ces dessins, le dispositif comporte un châssis fixe 1. Ce dernier est équipé de moyens 2 de fixation à un attelage trois points (figure 2) qui peuvent se fixer sur l'attelage d’un tracteur et peut ainsi bénéficier de la transmission de la prise de force. With reference to these drawings, the device comprises a fixed frame 1. The latter is equipped with means 2 for fixing to a three-point hitch (FIG. 2) which can be fixed on the hitch of a tractor and can thus benefit from the power take-off transmission.

La largeur du châssis fixe 1 est définie en fonction du tracteur utilisé pour pouvoir décaler le châssis mobile 3 au delà de la zone de roulage du tracteur et ainsi éviter le tassement de la terre dans le périmètre du houppier (projection au sol à la verticale) ou des brûlés en trufficulture. The width of the fixed frame 1 is defined according to the tractor used in order to be able to shift the mobile frame 3 beyond the rolling area of the tractor and thus avoid the compaction of the earth in the perimeter of the crown (projection on the ground vertically) or burns in truffle farming.

Ce châssis mobile 3, qui reçoit l'arbre de fraises 4, est monté en liaison pivot 5 par rapport au châssis fixe 1. Le basculement est assuré par un vérin hydraulique 6 This mobile frame 3, which receives the cutter shaft 4, is mounted in pivot connection 5 with respect to the fixed frame 1. The tilting is ensured by a hydraulic cylinder 6

Lorsque le vérin est en position rétractée, l’appareil est en position repliée, facilitant son transport (figure 1). Lorsque le vérin est déployé l’appareil est en position de travail (figure 2). When the cylinder is in the retracted position, the device is in the folded position, making it easier to transport (figure 1). When the cylinder is extended, the device is in working position (figure 2).

Cette solution technique non symétrique (d’un seul côté du tracteur) permet aussi un retrait complet du châssis mobile 3 lors des trajets sur route. This non-symmetrical technical solution (on one side of the tractor only) also allows complete removal of the mobile frame 3 during road travel.

L'arbre rotatif 4 de dents travaille le sol dans une zone qui n'est pas tassée par le passage du tracteur. The rotating shaft with 4 teeth works the soil in an area which is not compacted by the passage of the tractor.

Sa rotation est assurée par un moteur hydraulique 7 adapté pour fonctionner à basse vitesse (c’est-à-dire des vitesses généralement comprises entre 0,5 tour par minute et 3 tours par minute). La vitesse de rotation de l’arbre rotatif 4 est choisie en fonction de la vitesse d’avancement du tracteur. Son sens de rotation est de préférence identique au sens d'avancement du tracteur. Its rotation is ensured by a hydraulic motor 7 adapted to operate at low speed (i.e. speeds generally between 0.5 revolutions per minute and 3 revolutions per minute). The speed of rotation of the rotary shaft 4 is chosen according to the forward speed of the tractor. Its direction of rotation is preferably identical to the direction of advancement of the tractor.

Dans la variante représentée aux figures, la conception des dents 8 effilées courbes est la suivante : forme de la zone travaillant le sol : courbe (recourbée), nombre de dents par fraise : quatre (nombre pair), montage des dents dans le sens de rotation pour éviter de retourner la terre. In the variant shown in the figures, the design of the tapered teeth 8 curves is as follows: shape of the tillage zone: curved (curved), number of tines per cutter: four (even number), mounting of the tines in the direction of rotation to avoid turning the soil over.

Les dimensions et les positions des dents 8, associés à la vitesse de rotation permettent d’obtenir le mouvement optimisé souhaité : pénétration et retrait du sol sans arrachement. Les dents rentrent et se retirent de la terre sensiblement en un même point du sol. The dimensions and positions of the teeth 8, associated with the rotation speed, make it possible to obtain the desired optimized movement: penetration and removal from the ground without tearing. The tines enter and withdraw from the ground substantially at the same point on the ground.

Aussi, suivant le type de sol et le travail souhaité, les dents peuvent être pliées latéralement (voir figure 5) et montées alternativement (une dent courbée à gauche, une dent courbée à droite, et ainsi de suite...). Also, depending on the type of soil and the work desired, the tines can be bent laterally (see figure 5) and mounted alternately (one tine curved to the left, one tine curved to the right, and so on...).

Chaque train de dents fixé sur une flasque carrée solidaire de l'arbre est fixé avec un décalage angulaire identique afin de garantir une continuité du travail du sol. Ce décalage est déterminé suivant le nombre de trains de dents (voir figure 3C). La figure 3C permet de visualiser le décalage angulaire entre chaque dent des différents trains de dents (24 dents au total ici). La fixation des dents 8 se fait par exemple à l’aide de boulons 17 et d’écrous dans des trous 14 prévus dans la portion proximale 18 de chaque dent 8. Each train of teeth fixed on a square flange integral with the shaft is fixed with an identical angular offset in order to guarantee continuity of tillage. This offset is determined according to the number of sets of teeth (see FIG. 3C). FIG. 3C makes it possible to visualize the angular offset between each tooth of the different sets of teeth (24 teeth in total here). The fixing of the teeth 8 is done for example using bolts 17 and nuts in holes 14 provided in the proximal portion 18 of each tooth 8.

La vue de côté d’une dent de l’arbre rotatif représentée en figure 4B présente par exemple une longueur de 217 mm, une largeur hors tout de 110 mm et une portion courbe présentant un rayon de courbure de l’ordre de 65 mm. The side view of a tooth of the rotary shaft represented in FIG. 4B has for example a length of 217 mm, an overall width of 110 mm and a curved portion having a radius of curvature of the order of 65 mm.

Le dispositif permet de répondre à un besoin de mécanisation des opérations d’aération des sols pour les productions trufficoles, arboricoles et toutes opérations des sols sans déstructuration. Il se substitue au travail manuel actuel avec une productivité élevée. The device makes it possible to meet a need for mechanization of soil aeration operations for truffle and tree production and all soil operations without destructuring. It replaces the current manual labor with high productivity.

Deux roues de jauge peuvent être montées en partie basse des montants du châssis fixe et une roue de jauge peut par exemple être montée en partie basse des montants du châssis mobile. Les roues de jauge sont par exemple prévues à l’avant des montants des châssis (c’est-à-dire fixée au montant 12 du châssis mobile 3). Les roues de jauge ne sont pas motrices. Elles peuvent permettre de stabiliser l’appareil au cours de son déplacement et de réduire la masse du châssis mobile supportée notamment par le vérin 6. Two gauge wheels can be mounted in the lower part of the uprights of the fixed frame and a gauge wheel can for example be mounted in the lower part of the uprights of the mobile frame. The gauge wheels are for example provided at the front of the uprights of the frames (that is to say fixed to the upright 12 of the movable frame 3). The gauge wheels are not driven. They can help stabilize the device during its movement and to reduce the mass of the mobile frame supported in particular by the cylinder 6.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Appareil agricole comprenant : 1. Agricultural device comprising: - un châssis fixe (1) adapté pour pouvoir être attelé à un véhicule agricole, - a fixed frame (1) adapted to be hitched to an agricultural vehicle, - un châssis mobile (3), relié audit châssis fixe et configuré pour pouvoir être déplacé en rotation par rapport audit châssis fixe (1) autour d’un axe de pivot (5), ledit châssis mobile comprenant au moins un montant longitudinal (10, 12) s’étendant sensiblement parallèlement à un axe longitudinal dudit châssis mobile, - a mobile frame (3), connected to said fixed frame and configured to be able to be moved in rotation relative to said fixed frame (1) around a pivot axis (5), said mobile frame comprising at least one longitudinal upright (10 , 12) extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of said movable frame, - un arbre rotatif (4) fixé audit montant du châssis mobile, ledit arbre rotatif (4) présentant un axe de rotation (9) s’étendant selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à l’axe longitudinal du châssis mobile (3), caractérisé ce qu’il comprend en outre : - a rotary shaft (4) fixed to said upright of the movable frame, said rotary shaft (4) having an axis of rotation (9) extending in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the movable frame (3), characterized in that that it also includes: - une pluralité de trains (15) de dents (8), chaque train de dents comprenant au moins trois dents (8), et caractérisé en ce que : - a plurality of trains (15) of teeth (8), each train of teeth comprising at least three teeth (8), and characterized in that: - chaque dent (8) est configurée pour pouvoir être entraînée en rotation par ledit arbre rotatif (4), chaque dent s’étendant sensiblement radial ement par rapport à l’axe de rotation dudit arbre rotatif (4) et présentant une extrémité distale (20) effilée présentant un rayon de courbure non nul. - each tooth (8) is configured to be driven in rotation by said rotary shaft (4), each tooth extending substantially radially relative to the axis of rotation of said rotary shaft (4) and having a distal end ( 20) tapered with a non-zero radius of curvature. 2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que toutes les dents (8) sont montées sur les trains de dents dudit arbre rotatif (4) de sorte que, l’extrémité distale (20) de chaque dent présentant une arête de forme concave, la concavité de chaque dent est orientée de façon identique. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that all the teeth (8) are mounted on the sets of teeth of said rotary shaft (4) so that the distal end (20) of each tooth having a shaped edge concave, the concavity of each tooth is oriented identically. 3. Appareil selon l’une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend entre cinq et huit trains (15) de dents (8). 3. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises between five and eight trains (15) of teeth (8). 4. Appareil selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque train de dent comprend quatre dents (8). 4. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each set of teeth comprises four teeth (8). 5. Appareil selon l’une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l’extrémité distale (20) de chaque dent (8) forme un angle compris entre 5° et 20° avec un plan orthogonal à Taxe de rotation (9) dudit arbre rotatif. 5. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distal end (20) of each tooth (8) forms an angle of between 5° and 20° with a plane orthogonal to axis of rotation (9) of said rotary shaft. 6. Appareil selon l’une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend un vérin hydraulique (6) adapté pour pouvoir déplacer ledit châssis mobile (3) entre au moins une position repliée, et au moins une position de travail, dans laquelle ledit appareil agricole présente un encombrement longitudinal supérieur à son encombrement en position repliée. 6. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a hydraulic cylinder (6) adapted to be able to move said movable frame (3) between at least one folded position, and at least one working position , wherein said agricultural device has a longitudinal size greater than its size in the folded position. 7. Appareil selon l’une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend un moteur hydraulique (7), fixé sur le châssis mobile (3), adapté pour contrôler la vitesse de rotation dudit arbre rotatif (4). 7. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a hydraulic motor (7), fixed to the movable frame (3), adapted to control the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft (4). 8. Appareil selon l’une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en qu’il comprend des roues de jauge adaptées pour pouvoir reposer au contact du sol. 8. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises gauge wheels adapted to be able to rest in contact with the ground. 9. Véhicule équipé d’un appareil agricole selon l’une des revendications 1 à 8. 9. Vehicle equipped with an agricultural device according to one of claims 1 to 8. 10. Procédé de travail d’un sol dans lequel on utilise un véhicule équipé d’un appareil selon l’une des revendications 1 à 8, et dans lequel on déplace ledit véhicule à une vitesse comprise entre 2 km/h et 4 km/h, la vitesse de rotation dudit arbre rotatif étant comprise entre 0,8 tour par seconde et 2 tours par seconde. 10. A method of working soil in which a vehicle equipped with a device according to one of claims 1 to 8 is used, and in which said vehicle is moved at a speed of between 2 km/h and 4 km/h. h, the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft being between 0.8 revolutions per second and 2 revolutions per second. 11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel, on commande la rotation dudit arbre rotatif (4) de sorte que, l’extrémité distale (20) de chaque dent (8) présentant une arête de forme concave, la concavité de chaque dent est orientée d’un côté correspondant à l’avant du sens de rotation de l’arbre rotatif (4). 11. Method according to claim 10, in which the rotation of said rotary shaft (4) is controlled so that, the distal end (20) of each tooth (8) having an edge of concave shape, the concavity of each tooth is oriented on a side corresponding to the front of the direction of rotation of the rotary shaft (4).
PCT/EP2022/055471 2021-03-04 2022-03-03 Device, vehicle and method for working soil in agriculture, arboriculture and truffle growing WO2022184862A1 (en)

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FR2102122A FR3120281B3 (en) 2021-03-04 2021-03-04 Devices intended for working the soil in agriculture, arboriculture and truffle farming

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR897276A (en) * 1940-05-29 1945-03-16 Rotenburger Metallwerke Rudolf Soil loosening device, fitted out as a trailer
CN105766088A (en) * 2016-03-16 2016-07-20 常州汉森机械有限公司 Large-width hydraulic folding type intelligent paddy field stubble burying machine
CN107056356A (en) * 2017-04-01 2017-08-18 宁夏智源农业装备有限公司 Portable fertilizer stack-turning-over machine
EP2753163B1 (en) * 2011-09-05 2017-11-08 Soilkee Pty Ltd Tilling apparatus
IT201800010065A1 (en) * 2018-11-06 2020-05-06 Orsi Group S R L Equipment for connecting an agricultural machine to a work head

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR897276A (en) * 1940-05-29 1945-03-16 Rotenburger Metallwerke Rudolf Soil loosening device, fitted out as a trailer
EP2753163B1 (en) * 2011-09-05 2017-11-08 Soilkee Pty Ltd Tilling apparatus
CN105766088A (en) * 2016-03-16 2016-07-20 常州汉森机械有限公司 Large-width hydraulic folding type intelligent paddy field stubble burying machine
CN107056356A (en) * 2017-04-01 2017-08-18 宁夏智源农业装备有限公司 Portable fertilizer stack-turning-over machine
IT201800010065A1 (en) * 2018-11-06 2020-05-06 Orsi Group S R L Equipment for connecting an agricultural machine to a work head

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FR3120281B3 (en) 2024-04-19

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