WO2022137410A1 - レーザレーダ装置及び風計測方法 - Google Patents
レーザレーダ装置及び風計測方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022137410A1 WO2022137410A1 PCT/JP2020/048332 JP2020048332W WO2022137410A1 WO 2022137410 A1 WO2022137410 A1 WO 2022137410A1 JP 2020048332 W JP2020048332 W JP 2020048332W WO 2022137410 A1 WO2022137410 A1 WO 2022137410A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/32—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S17/34—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
- G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/4911—Transmitters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Definitions
- the present disclosure technique relates to a laser radar device and a wind measurement method using the laser radar device.
- a laser radar device also called a lidar device or LiDAR (Light Detection and Ringing)
- LiDAR Light Detection and Ringing
- the operating principle of the laser radar device is to obtain information on the distance and speed of the target by irradiating the laser light and analyzing the light that bounces off the target.
- a laser radar device can be thought of as a radar device that uses laser light. If you want to know the distance of the target, measure the time from the time of irradiating the laser beam to the time of reflection and return (Time of Light, hereinafter referred to as "TOF"), and multiply the speed of the laser beam by the TOF. You can ask. If you want to know the speed of the target, you can analyze the frequency of the reflected light, obtain the Doppler frequency, and obtain it from the relationship between the frequency of the irradiated laser beam and the Doppler frequency.
- TOF Time of Light
- Non-Patent Document 1 by combining the FMCW of the up chirp and the FMCW of the down chirp, the frequency difference between the irradiation light and the received light due to the distance of the target and the irradiation due to the speed of the target.
- a technique for separately determining the frequency difference between light and received light is disclosed ( Figure 1 of Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for navigation of a moving object for exploration of the moon, and does not pose a problem for such a target (referred to as a hard target) at a certain distance.
- a hard target a target
- laser radar devices are required to have a mechanism for separating frequency information caused by the distance of a target and frequency information caused by the speed of a target by a simpler method.
- the present disclosure technique aims to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a laser radar device provided with a mechanism for separating frequency information caused by the distance of a target and frequency information caused by the speed of a target by a simple method. ..
- the laser radar apparatus includes a reference light source that oscillates a laser by a continuous oscillation method or a quasi-continuous oscillation method, a frequency modulator that imparts frequency modulation to a laser oscillated from the reference light source, and a frequency modulator.
- a beam splitter that separates a laser modulated by the frequency modulator into transmitted light and locally oscillated light, a transmission / reception optical system that transmits the transmitted light and receives light reflected from a target, and the above.
- a receiver that receives the received light received by the transmission / reception optical system and the locally oscillated light and converts each light into an electric signal, and the electric signal converted by the receiver are processed to obtain the distance information of the target and the target distance information.
- a laser radar device including a receiving circuit for calculating speed information, the frequency modulation provided by the frequency modulator has at least one stepped change in which the frequency difference F increases or decreases for each time width T.
- the receiving circuit divides the frequency difference between the locally oscillated light and the received light by the frequency difference F, and determines that the frequency difference corresponding to the remainder or deficiency is the Doppler frequency.
- the frequency of the irradiated laser light is a discrete value with a frequency difference F of each. Therefore, the TOF corresponding to the distance of the target appears in the unit of the frequency difference F for each time T, and the Doppler frequency corresponding to the speed of the target appears as a finer change than the frequency difference F.
- the present disclosure technique provides a laser radar device having a mechanism for separating frequency information due to the distance of the target and frequency information due to the speed of the target by a simple method.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a laser radar device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration example of the receiving circuit 210 of the laser radar device according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the frequency modulation applied by the phase modulator or frequency modulator of the laser radar device according to the present disclosure technique.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the frequency modulation shown in FIG. 3 as phase modulation.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing each of the locally oscillated light and the received light in the laser radar device according to the present disclosure technique as a comparison with time change of frequency.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the laser radar device according to the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a laser radar device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration example of the receiving circuit 210 of the laser radar device according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration example of the reception circuit 210 of the laser radar device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration example of the reception circuit 211 of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the frequency modulation applied by the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24 of the laser radar apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a change in the configuration of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration example of the reception circuit 211 of the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a laser radar device according to the first embodiment.
- the laser radar apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a reference light source 10, a frequency modulator 20 or a phase modulator 20B, a first beam splitter 30, an amplifier 40, a circulator 50, a transmission / reception optical system 60, and a second beam splitter 70. It is composed of a balanced detector 80, a control signal circuit 200, and a receiving circuit 210.
- the reference light source 10 uses a laser light source having a narrow line width. From the viewpoint of eye safety, those having a wavelength in the 1.5 ⁇ m band are preferable. However, there is no problem even if the reference light source 10 is of a wavelength band other than that. The narrower the line width of the laser beam, the better, but the narrower the line width, the more expensive it tends to be. The line width of the laser beam is appropriately determined by design.
- the reference light source 10 is preferably a continuous oscillation method, that is, a CW (Continuous Wave) light source, but a quasi-continuous oscillation method, that is, a QCW (Quasi CW) operation in consideration of a case where intermittent operation is performed due to a safety problem. It may be the one that has been made to.
- Either the frequency modulator 20 or the phase modulator 20B may be used, but frequency modulation is applied to the laser beam emitted by the reference light source 10.
- the description of the first embodiment will be described on the premise of the frequency modulator 20.
- the frequency modulator 20 is controlled by the control signal circuit 200.
- the reason why either the frequency modulator 20 or the phase modulator 20B may be used is that the relational expression shown by the following mathematical formula (1) holds.
- d ⁇ / dt 2 ⁇ f ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (1)
- ⁇ is the phase
- f the frequency
- ⁇ the pi
- t the time.
- the first beam splitter 30 separates the laser light modulated by the frequency modulator 20 into transmitted light and locally oscillated light.
- a beam splitter having an asymmetric branching ratio such as 9: 1 is often used because the locally oscillated light does not require so strong power.
- the first beam splitter 30 may be a 5: 5 beam splitter.
- a beam splitter used in a laser radar device may use an optical fiber, and the component may be referred to by another name such as an optical fiber coupler.
- the amplifier 40 amplifies the transmitted light among the laser beams separated by the first beam splitter 30.
- the amplifier 40 may have a one-stage configuration or a multi-stage configuration.
- a fiber amplifier is often used for the amplifier 40, but an optical amplifier other than the fiber amplifier may be used.
- a fiber amplifier and an optical amplifier other than the fiber amplifier may be combined.
- a filter or an isolator to prevent return light may be inserted between the amplifiers for the purpose of removing spontaneous emission amplified light (hereinafter referred to as "ASE"). good.
- the transmitted light amplified by the amplifier 40 is transmitted to the transmission / reception optical system 60 via the circulator 50.
- the circulator is a device that sends the light input from the optical path A to the optical path B, but the light input from B is output from another optical path C instead of A.
- the circulator in a narrow sense refers to one using a Faraday element, but the circulator 50 may simply be a combination of a polarizing beam splitter and a 1/4 wave plate.
- the transmission / reception optical system 60 adjusts the beam diameter of the transmitted light and emits it into the atmosphere, and also functions to collect the received light scattered from the aerosol in the atmosphere and returned.
- the transmission / reception optical system 60 includes a telescope and a beam expander. Further, the transmission / reception optical system 60 may use a scanner for the purpose of observing a plurality of lines of sight.
- the second beam splitter 70 interferes with the received light collected by the transmission / reception optical system 60 and the locally oscillated light, and transmits the two interference lights obtained by the interference to the balanced detector 80.
- the balanced detector 80 has two light receiving parts, converts the light incident on each light receiving part into an electric signal, and outputs the difference between the two converted electric signals.
- the balanced detector 80 may be an integrated light receiving element, or may be separately provided with a circuit for obtaining the difference in photocurrent obtained from each of two photodiodes. Since the balanced detector 80 functions as a receiver, it may be simply called a receiver.
- the role of the second beam splitter 70 is to obtain the frequency difference obtained by subtracting the frequency of the received light from the frequency of the locally oscillated light. That is, this configuration utilizes the property that when two lights having similar frequencies interfere with each other, a beat of the difference in frequency between the two lights occurs as amplitude modulation. Further, the balanced detector 80 is used to remove the DC component.
- the difference in frequency obtained by subtracting the frequency of the received light from the frequency of the locally oscillated light does not cause any problem even if the frequency components of the locally oscillated light and the received light are obtained and then the frequency difference is obtained.
- the frequency component of the received light may be simply obtained in a time window in which the frequency of the locally oscillated light is constant, and the frequency difference may be calculated.
- the configuration includes the second beam splitter 70 and the balanced detector 80.
- the receiving circuit 210 processes the electric signal converted by the balanced detector and calculates the distance information and the speed information of the target. More specifically, the receiving circuit 210 processes the difference signal output from the balanced detector 80 and calculates the wind speed information for each distance.
- the receiving circuit 210 includes an electric filter, an amplifier, an analog-digital converter, a computer, and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration example of the receiving circuit 210.
- the receiving circuit 210 includes a pre-filter 300, an amplifier 310, a frequency filter 320, receivers 331 to 333, and a computer 340.
- the amplifier 310 an electric amplifier may be used.
- the difference signal output by the balanced detector 80 is amplified by the amplifier 310 after the unnecessary frequency is removed by the pre-filter 300.
- the amplified signal is distributed to each frequency domain by the frequency filter 320, and is transmitted to the receivers 331 to 333 according to the frequency domain.
- the amplifier 310 may also have the function of the pre-filter 300.
- the amplifier 310 may be arranged after the frequency filter 320.
- the pre-filter 300 and the frequency filter 320 may be shared, and the same number of amplifiers as the receivers are required. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 2, three receivers are drawn, but the number is appropriately determined by design.
- the receivers 331 to 333 are specifically analog-to-digital converters.
- the receivers 331 to 333 transmit the received signal to the computer 340.
- the computer 340 performs signal processing such as Fourier transform on the signals transmitted from the receivers 331 to 333, and calculates information on the distance and the wind condition.
- the computer 340 receives and uses a timing signal or the like from the control signal circuit 200 as needed.
- the computer 340 may be a general-purpose computer such as a so-called personal computer, or may be a dedicated integrated circuit such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Further, the computer 340 may be a combination of a plurality of types of computers.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the frequency modulation applied to the transmitted light by the frequency modulator 20. That is, the frequency modulation applied by the frequency modulator 20 is a modulation that performs at least one step-like change in which the frequency difference F increases or decreases for each time width T. As a result, the transmitted light of the laser radar device according to the present disclosure technique has the stepped frequency characteristic shown in FIG.
- the frequency difference F in this stepped change is sufficiently larger than the Doppler frequency due to the movement of the aerosol in the air.
- the distance is defined as positive when the distance is far from the laser radar device as the origin. Then, it is considered that the speed away from the laser radar device is positive. Then, the wind speed takes a positive value when there is a tail wind and a negative value when there is a head wind.
- both the positive and negative values of the Doppler frequency f d can be taken.
- the frequency of light is 2 [THz] ( ⁇ wavelength 1.5 [ ⁇ m])
- the Doppler frequency f d is ⁇ 1.33 [MHz] per wind speed of 1 [m / s]. Therefore, if the frequency difference F is 100 [MHz] as shown in FIG. 3, it can be said that it is sufficiently larger than the Doppler frequency dd under general wind conditions.
- the frequency difference F is not limited to 100 [MHz], and may be a smaller frequency or a larger frequency.
- a wind exceeding 30 m / s is defined as a "fierce wind”, but wind conditions exceeding this are rarely generated on the ground, and even if it does occur, it becomes a storm, so raindrops and raindrops Rider measurement is often difficult due to the influence of dust. Therefore, even if the frequency difference F is 80 [MHz], which corresponds to distinguishing between the wind speed of about +30 [m / s] and -30 [m / s], there is no practical problem.
- FIG. 3 shows the properties of the transmitted light of the laser radar device in the present disclosed technique from the viewpoint of frequency, but can also represent the properties of the transmitted light from the viewpoint of phase from the equations (1) and (2). ..
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the frequency modulation shown in FIG. 3 as phase modulation.
- phase modulation In general, it is not possible to apply an infinitely large phase modulation in a phase modulator, and in many cases, the phase modulation is folded back at 2 ⁇ , but there is no problem even if this is the case.
- Controlling the phase modulator 20B by the control signal circuit 200 and imparting the phase modulation as shown in FIG. 4 is substantially the same as the frequency modulation in the present disclosed technique.
- the graph of FIG. 4 is composed of polygonal lines, and it can be seen that the phase changes continuously. Although the phase information cannot be read from the graph of FIG. 3 at the time when the frequency is switched, in the frequency modulation, the phase changes continuously as shown in FIG.
- the transmitted light of the laser radar device having the frequency characteristics shown in FIG. 3 is scattered by the aerosol in the atmosphere and is measured as the received light.
- the received light receives a Doppler shift according to the velocity of the aerosol, which is the wind condition of the atmosphere, and at the same time, is received after a lapse of time ⁇ , which is a TOF according to the position of the scattered aerosol.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing specific examples shown below by comparing each of the locally oscillated light and the received light in the laser radar apparatus according to the present disclosure technique as a time change of frequency.
- the light scattered from the aerosol at the position of 600 [m] from the laser radar device is received after 4 [ ⁇ s], which is the time for the light to fly a distance of 1200 [m] in a round trip. This is because the speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second.
- the locally oscillated light and the received light received by the balanced detector 80 have the frequency characteristics shown in FIG.
- the frequency modulation in the frequency modulator 20 imparts a modulation frequency in which the frequency difference F changes stepwise by 100 [MHz] every 2 [ ⁇ s] in the time width T.
- the Doppler frequency f d is ⁇ 1.33 [MHz] per wind speed of 1 [m / s]. Therefore, when the frequency of the received light is 202.66 [MHz] lower than the frequency of the locally oscillated light, the wind condition at a distance of 600 [m] is +2 [m / s], that is, the tail wind is 2 [m / s]. It turns out that there is.
- the laser radar apparatus divides the frequency difference between the locally oscillated light and the received light by the frequency difference F, and determines that the frequency difference corresponding to the remainder is the Doppler frequency dd .
- MHz] is determined to be the Doppler frequency f d .
- the reference frequency is 200 [MHz], which is close to 197.34 [MHz], that is, a shortage of 2.66 [MHz]
- the wind condition at a distance of 600 [m] is -2 [m / s], that is, Think of it as a headwind of 2 [m / s].
- the stepped frequency of the locally oscillated light changes at the same timing as the stepped frequency of the received light. That is, when the received light is observed at a timing when the frequency of the locally oscillated light is constant, for example, the received light is observed in a time window of 12 [ ⁇ s] to 14 [ ⁇ s] in which the frequency of the locally oscillated light is 400 [MHz]. If so, the frequency of the received light is a constant value of 200 [MHz] in the entire section.
- the disclosed technology does not have any particular problem even if the TOF is not exactly an integral multiple of the time width T.
- the following specific example clarifies the idea when the TOF is not exactly an integral multiple of the time width T.
- the TOF is 3.5 [ ⁇ s].
- the received light is observed in a time window of 12 [ ⁇ s] to 14 [ ⁇ s] where the frequency of the locally oscillated light is 400 [MHz]
- it is 200 [MHz] at 12 [ ⁇ s] to 13.5 [ ⁇ s].
- it is 300 [MHz] in 13.5 [ ⁇ s] to 14 [ ⁇ s]. That is, the frequency difference F is 200 [MHz] for 12 [ ⁇ s] to 13.5 [ ⁇ s] and 100 [MHz] for 13.5 [ ⁇ s] to 14 [ ⁇ s].
- the TOF is 4.5 [ ⁇ s].
- the received light is observed in a time window of 12 [ ⁇ s] to 14 [ ⁇ s] where the frequency of the locally oscillated light is 400 [MHz]
- it is 100 [MHz] at 12 [ ⁇ s] to 12.5 [ ⁇ s].
- it is 200 [MHz] at 12.5 [ ⁇ s] to 14 [ ⁇ s].
- the frequency difference F is 300 [MHz] for 12 [ ⁇ s] to 12.5 [ ⁇ s] and 200 [MHz] for 12.5 [ ⁇ s] to 14 [ ⁇ s].
- the present disclosure technique observes the received light in a time window in which the frequency of the locally oscillated light is constant, and provides information on the two frequencies of the observed received light and information on the timing at which the frequency of the received light is switched. Then, the TOF can be obtained.
- the frequency information of the received light is obtained by Fourier transform by the computer 340.
- the laser radar device may be configured to obtain the wind condition for each certain distance range (hereinafter referred to as "range").
- range the frequency filter 320 and the receivers 331 to 333 correspond to this.
- the frequency filter 320 includes three types of bandpass filters.
- the frequency filter 320 is a bandpass filter of 50 to 150 [MHz], 150 to 250 [MHz], and 250 to 350 [MHz].
- the frequency filter 320 is arranged so as to send the frequency component of 50 to 150 MHz to the receiver 331, the frequency component of 150 to 250 MHz to the receiver 332, and the frequency component of 250 to 350 MHz to the receiver 333.
- the receiver 331 receives the wind condition information near the distance of 300 [m], and the wind condition information around the distance 600 [m] is received.
- the machine 332 information on wind conditions at a distance of around 900 [m] can be measured with the receiver 333.
- the computer 340 can calculate the wind condition in each range by Fourier transforming the electric signal measured by each receiver and obtaining the peak frequency.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration in which signals are separated by a frequency filter 320 in the receiving circuit 210 and then each signal is Fourier transformed, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the laser radar apparatus according to the present disclosure technique may perform AD conversion with one receiver without using the frequency filter 320, convert it into a digital signal, and then perform Fourier conversion and range decomposition.
- the light scattered by the optical system from the circulator 50 to being emitted into the atmosphere through the transmission / reception optical system 60 is received by the balanced detector 80. There is a signal generated by being done.
- the scattered light generated inside such an apparatus is generally stronger than the scattered light generated by an aerosol in the atmosphere.
- a pre-filter 300 that prevents saturation of the amplifier 310 is provided, and scattered light generated inside the device can be removed. As a result, the SN in the receiving circuit 210 can be improved.
- the laser radar device Since the laser radar device according to the first embodiment has the above configuration, it is provided with a mechanism for separating frequency information due to the distance of the target and frequency information due to the speed of the target by a simple method.
- Embodiment 2 In the first embodiment, the configuration in which the laser beam is frequency-modulated and then separated into the transmitted light and the locally oscillated light has been described, but the disclosed technique is not limited to this configuration.
- the laser radar device according to the second embodiment performs frequency modulation or phase modulation after separating the transmitted light and the locally oscillated light.
- the same reference numerals are used for the components common to those in the first embodiment, and duplicate explanations are omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the laser radar device according to the second embodiment.
- the laser radar apparatus according to the second embodiment does not have the frequency modulator 20 or the phase modulator 20B in front of the first beam splitter 30. Instead, the laser radar apparatus according to the second embodiment has a first frequency modulator 21 and a second frequency modulator 22 in parallel after the first beam splitter 30.
- the laser light emitted from the reference light source 10 is separated into transmission light and locally oscillated light by the first beam splitter 30.
- the transmitted light is transmitted to the first frequency modulator 21 and the locally oscillated light is transmitted to the second frequency modulator 22, and frequency modulation is applied to each.
- a phase modulator may be used instead of the frequency modulator. That is, the transmitted light may be subjected to phase modulation by the first phase modulator 21B, and the locally oscillated light may be provided by the second phase modulator 22B.
- Both the first frequency modulator 21 and the second frequency modulator 22 are controlled by the control signal circuit 200, and modulation is performed in synchronization with each other. When the first phase modulator 21B and the second phase modulator 22B are used, the modulation is similarly performed in synchronization.
- the first phase modulator 21B and the second phase modulator 22B will be used.
- ⁇ (t) be the phase modulation applied by the first phase modulator 21B
- ⁇ (t) be the phase modulation applied by the second phase modulator 22B. If the same phase modulation is applied to the transmitted light and the locally oscillated light as in the first embodiment, ⁇ (t) and ⁇ (t) satisfy the following mathematical formula (4).
- ⁇ (t) ⁇ (t) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (4)
- the laser radar apparatus imparts time-shifted modulation by phase modulation ⁇ (t) of transmitted light and phase modulation ⁇ (t) of locally oscillated light.
- the relationship between ⁇ (t) and ⁇ (t) satisfies the following mathematical formula (5).
- the frequency filter 320 is a bandpass filter of 50 to 150 [MHz], 150 to 250 [MHz], and 250 to 350 [MHz]. Further, the bandpass filter is arranged so as to send the frequency component of 50 to 150 MHz to the receiver 331, the frequency component of 150 to 250 MHz to the receiver 332, and the frequency component of 250 to 350 MHz to the receiver 333. As a result, the wind condition information near the distance 150 [m] is received by the receiver 331, the wind condition information near the distance 450 [m] is received by the receiver 332, and the wind condition information near the distance 750 [m] is received. It can be measured by the machine 333.
- the laser radar device according to the second embodiment has the above-mentioned effects in addition to the effects described in the first embodiment.
- the positions of the first frequency modulator 21 and the second frequency modulator 24 are not limited to the positions shown in FIG.
- the positions of the first frequency modulator 21 and the second frequency modulator 24 may show the relationship shown by the mathematical formula (5).
- the first frequency modulator 21 may be located between the reference light source 10 and the first beam splitter 30.
- Embodiment 3 The configuration of the laser radar device according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment except for the receiving circuit 210.
- the same reference numerals are used for the components common to those of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and duplicate explanations are omitted.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration example of the reception circuit 210 of the laser radar device according to the third embodiment.
- the laser radar device according to the third embodiment includes one receiver 330 and measures only the frequency range selected by the pre-filter 300.
- the pre-filter 300 has a function of removing a frequency corresponding to a distance of zero and transmitting a frequency corresponding to a specific range.
- the pre-filter 300 may be configured by one filter or may be configured by combining two or more types of filters.
- the amplifier may also serve as a filter by using the frequency characteristic of the amplifier 310.
- the operation of the laser radar device according to the third embodiment will be clarified by the following specific example.
- the second phase modulator 22B included in the laser radar apparatus according to the third embodiment imparts the phase modulation ⁇ (t) represented by the following equation.
- ⁇ (t ⁇ t 2 ) ⁇ (t) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (5)
- Equation (5) has a different positive / negative shift time than the equation (4) of the second embodiment. Equation (5) means that the phase modulation ⁇ of the transmitted light is advanced by the time t 2 as compared with the phase modulation ⁇ of the locally oscillated light.
- the front filter 300 of the laser radar device according to the third embodiment is a bandpass filter of 50 to 150 [MHz], and a receiver 330 is provided in the subsequent stage.
- the receiver 330 can measure a range of 600 [m].
- the range to be measured can be changed by changing t2.
- the laser radar apparatus according to the third embodiment intensively measures one variable range.
- FIG. 5 shows that when frequency modulation is selected as the up chirp, the frequency of the locally oscillated light is shifted to a side higher than the frequency of the received light that is delayed.
- the negative frequency and the positive frequency are measured as the same frequency whose phase is reversed in the processing system in which the interference fringes are measured by the balanced detector and the electric signal is processed. Therefore, strong scattered light with a distance of zero is mixed in the information in the range to be measured.
- the frequency added to the locally oscillated light or the received light it is possible to prevent the mixing of information in another range due to the folding back of the negative frequency as shown above. That is, by adding the term of the offset frequency to the left side of the equation (5) and using the following equation (6), it is possible to prevent the folding of the negative frequency.
- the laser radar device can measure a plurality of ranges by switching the delay time of the modulation frequency with one receiver. Further, the farther the range is, the higher the frequency needs to be measured. However, by configuring the laser radar device according to the third embodiment in this way, the effect of lowering the measurement frequency can be expected. In general, circuit design becomes more difficult as the frequency increases, but the disclosed technology enables similar measurements by lowering the frequency, and cost reduction can be expected.
- the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which not only the wind condition at the point of the discrete distance determined by the time width T but also the wind condition at the point between the discrete distance is easily obtained.
- light scattered from an aerosol at a distance of 450 [m] is received from the device 3 [ ⁇ s] after irradiation.
- information on the frequency of the received light is observed using the period in which the frequency of the locally oscillated light is constant as the observation window. For example, consider the observation window when the frequency of the locally oscillated light is 300 [MHz] and is constant from 4 [ ⁇ s] to 6 [ ⁇ s].
- the frequency of the received light is about 100 [MHz] in the first half of the time of the observation window, and the Doppler frequency is added.
- the frequency of the received light is 200 [MHz] in the latter half of the time of the observation window, and the Doppler frequency is added. That is, the frequency of the received light is a mixture of a time that is about 200 [MHz] lower than the frequency of the locally oscillated light and a time that is about 100 [MHz] lower.
- the problem of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment is to systematically obtain the wind condition at a point near the boundary between the ranges.
- the laser radar device has two discrete modulation rider systems, and has a configuration in which frequency modulation in the opposite direction is applied to each of the two systems. Further, the laser beams of the two systems are each irradiated into the atmosphere, and the received light reflected by the aerosol is mixed by the receiving circuit of the laser radar device.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the laser radar apparatus according to the fourth embodiment includes a first reference light source 11, a second reference light source 12, a first frequency modulator 23, and a second frequency modulator 24.
- the balanced detector 81, the second balanced detector 82, the channel duplexer 91, the channel duplexer 92, the control signal circuit 201, and the receiving circuit 211 are provided.
- the same reference numerals are used for the components common to the above-described embodiments as much as possible, and duplicate explanations are appropriately omitted.
- the first reference light source 11 is the same as the reference light source 10 in the laser radar device according to the first to third embodiments.
- the second reference light source 12 is a reference light source having a wavelength different from that of the first reference light source 11.
- the reason why the wavelength of the second reference light source 12 is different from that of the first reference light source 11 is that the respective laser beams are easily combined and separated.
- the second reference light source 12 may have a different polarization and different modes instead of having a wavelength different from that of the first reference light source 11.
- the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24 function in the same manner as the frequency modulator 20 of the laser radar device according to the first to third embodiments.
- the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24 may be replaced with the first phase modulator 23B and the second phase modulator 24B, respectively. Simultaneity is important for the modulation applied by the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24. Therefore, the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment includes a control signal circuit 201, and the control signal circuit 201 controls the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24.
- the first beam splitter 31 and the second beam splitter 32 function in the same manner as the first beam splitter 30 of the laser radar apparatus according to the first to third embodiments.
- the laser light output from the first reference light source 11 and the second reference light source 12 is modulated by the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24, respectively, and the first beam splitter 31 respectively.
- the second beam splitter 32 separate the transmitted light and the locally oscillated light.
- the branching ratios of the first beam splitter 31 and the second beam splitter 32 are each determined by design.
- the transmitted light separated by the first beam splitter 31 and the transmitted light separated by the second beam splitter 32 are combined by the channel combiner 91.
- the second reference light source 12 emits a laser beam having a wavelength different from that of the first reference light source 11
- the channel combiner 91 may be formed by the above.
- a wavelength filter composed of an optical fiber is sometimes referred to as a WDM coupler.
- the channel combiner 91 may be a polarization beam splitter.
- the polarization beam splitter may be referred to as a polarization coupler or a polarization combiner.
- the transmitted light combined with the channel combiner 91 is amplified by the amplifier 40.
- the amplifier 40 is the same as that of the laser radar device according to the first to third embodiments. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 8, two channels are combined in the front stage of the amplifier 40, and the optical path is shared after the amplifier 40 to simplify the structure.
- the laser radar device according to the present disclosure technique is not limited to this, and the amplifier 40 may be prepared for two channels and provided for each channel. Since the upper limit of the output of the amplifier 40 is limited by the non-linear effect, it is possible to amplify the light intensity per channel with high intensity by providing the amplifiers for the number of channels.
- the channel combiner 91 may be arranged between the first-stage amplifier 40 and the second-stage amplifier 40.
- the output from the amplifier 40 passes through the circulator 50 and is sent to the transmission / reception optical system 60.
- This operation is the same as the laser radar device according to the first to third embodiments.
- the transmission / reception optical system 60 is an optical system with reduced chromatic aberration.
- the laser beam radiated to the atmosphere is reflected by the aerosol in the atmosphere and is incident on the transmission / reception optical system 60 as received light.
- the incident received light is separated from the transmitted light by the circulator 50 and is incident on the channel demultiplexer 92.
- the channel demultiplexer 92 is a component that works in the opposite manner to the channel duplexer 91. That is, in the channel splitter 92, the wavelength-corresponding component of the first reference light source 11 of the received light is transferred to the third beam splitter 71, and the wavelength-corresponding component of the second reference light source 12 is the fourth beam splitter. It emits light to 72 respectively.
- the channel splitter 92 may be configured with a beam splitter. However, when configured with a beam splitter, the light intensity is lost by 3 [db].
- the receiving circuit 211 processes the signals obtained from the first balanced detector 81 and the second balanced detector 82, and calculates the wind speed information for each distance.
- the receiving circuit 211 includes an electrical filter, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and a computer.
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the receiving circuit 211. As shown in FIG. 9, the receiving circuit 211 includes a first pre-filter 301, a second pre-filter 302, a first amplifier 311 and a second amplifier 312, and a first frequency filter 321.
- a second frequency filter 322, a first mixer 351 and a second mixer 352, a third mixer 353, a receiver 330 (331, 332, 333), and a computer 340 are provided.
- the processing flow of the receiving circuit 211 of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment up to the first pre-filter 301, the first amplifier 311 and the first frequency filter 321. Further, since the receiving circuit 211 also processes the signal from the second balanced detector 82, the receiving circuit 211 includes a second pre-filter 302, a second amplifier 312, and a second frequency filter 322 in parallel.
- the first frequency filter 321 distributes the signal emitted from the first amplifier 311 to the first mixer 351 and the second mixer 352, and the third mixer 353 for each frequency and emits the signal.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration in which there are three mixers, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any number of mixers may be arranged.
- the second frequency filter 322 distributes the signal output from the second amplifier 312 to the first mixer 351 and the second mixer 352, and the third mixer 353 for each frequency and outputs the signal.
- the first mixer 351 and the second mixer 352, and the third mixer 353 output a signal having a sum frequency or a difference frequency to the receiver 330 (331, 332, 333) by multiplying the received signals. do. Generally, whether a sum frequency signal or a difference frequency signal is obtained by a mixer is determined by the phase of the two input signals. Therefore, the first mixer 351 and the second mixer 352, and the third mixer 353 may each have a phase adjustment mechanism.
- the processing flow from the receiver 330 (331, 332, 333) to the computer 340 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the frequency modulation applied by the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24 of the laser radar apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24 are the first phase modulator 23B and the second phase modulator 24B, respectively. You may replace it.
- the first frequency modulator 23 and the second frequency modulator 24 are modulations that perform at least one step-like change in which the frequency difference F increases or decreases for each time width T, respectively.
- the transmitted light of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment has a stepped frequency characteristic as illustrated in FIG.
- the first frequency modulator 23 employs an up-chirp stepped frequency modulation
- the second frequency modulator 24 employs a down-chirp stepped frequency modulation.
- the frequency difference F is a sufficiently large value as compared with the Doppler shift frequency.
- the feature of the laser radar device is that two transmission lights are generated, one is up-chirp and the other is down-chirp. Each of the two transmitted lights is emitted into the atmosphere, scattered by the aerosol in the atmosphere, and measured as received light. The received light interferes with the locally oscillated light and is received by the balanced detector.
- the received light is delayed by 4 [ ⁇ s] as compared with the locally oscillated light.
- the received light corresponding to the stepped locally oscillated light of the up chirp has a frequency of ⁇ 200 [MHz] + Doppler frequency fd as compared with the frequency of the locally oscillated light.
- the received light corresponding to the stepped locally oscillated light of the down chirp has a frequency of +200 [MHz] + Doppler frequency dd as compared with the frequency of the locally oscillated light.
- the laser radar device includes a first frequency filter 321 and a second frequency filter 322 so that two systems of processing can be performed.
- the first frequency filter 321 and the second frequency filter 322 transfer frequency components from 50 [MHz] to 150 [MHz] to the first mixer 351 and frequency components from 150 [MHz] to 250 [MHz]. Is output to the second mixer 352, and the frequency components from 250 [MHz] to 350 [MHz] are output to the third mixer 353.
- the wind condition information near the distance of 300 [m] is the wind condition information of the receiver 331, and the wind condition information of the distance of about 600 [m] is the receiver 332.
- the wind condition information at a distance of around 900 [m] is intended to be measured by the receiver 333.
- the mixer 350 (351, 352, 353) aims to obtain a sum frequency by multiplying two input signals.
- the signal of "-200 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " and the signal of "200 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " are the second mixers. It is input to 352.
- the second mixer 352 outputs a sum frequency signal having a frequency twice the Doppler frequency f d to the receiver 333.
- the received light applied to the upcharp system is observed as "-200 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " in the first half of the observation window and "-100 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " in the second half of the observation window. ..
- the received light applied to the downcharp system is observed as "+200 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " in the first half of the observation window and "+100 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " in the second half of the observation window.
- the mixer 350 (351, 352, 353) outputs a sum frequency signal having a frequency twice the Doppler frequency f d .
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a change in the configuration of the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the frequency modulator 25 for locally oscillating light may be inserted in any one of the two systems.
- the following specific example will clarify the effect of inserting the frequency modulator 25 for locally oscillating light.
- the frequency modulator 25 for locally oscillated light is assumed to reduce the frequency of the first locally oscillated light by 100 [MHz].
- the light scattered from the aerosol at a distance of 450 [m] is received from the device 3 [ ⁇ s] after irradiation.
- the received signal of the first system becomes "-300 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " in the first half of the observation window and "-200 MHz + f d frequency” in the latter half of the observation window.
- the received signal of the second system becomes "+200 [MHz] + Doppler frequency f d " in the first half of the observation window and "+ 100 MHz + f d frequency” in the latter half of the observation window.
- the mixer 350 (351, 352, 353) outputs the sum of -100 MHz plus the double Doppler frequency f d .
- the configuration of the modified example shown in FIG. 11 can prevent the Doppler signal from coming near the DC component having a large noise, and improvement of SN can be expected.
- the frequency modulator 25 for locally oscillating light may be replaced with the phase modulator 25B for locally oscillating light.
- the frequency modulator 25 for locally oscillating light may be configured to use an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) as a frequency shifter.
- AOM acousto-optic modulator
- the frequency modulator 25 for locally oscillating light may be inserted on the second locally oscillating light side, or may be inserted between the first beam splitter 31 and the channel combiner 91 to form a first signal.
- the frequency of light may be shifted.
- the frequency modulator 25 for locally oscillating light may be configured to shift the frequency of the second signal light.
- the laser radar device has a first balanced detector 81 that receives the received light and the first locally oscillated light and converts each light into a first electric signal.
- a second balanced detector 82, a first balanced detector 81, and a second balanced detector 82 that receive the received light and the second locally oscillated light and convert each light into a second electric signal.
- a laser radar device including a receiving circuit that processes a first electric signal converted by and and calculates a distance information and a speed information of a target, and is a first frequency modulator.
- the frequency modulation given by the 23 is a modulation that performs at least one step-like change that increases or decreases by the frequency difference F for each time width T, and the frequency modulation given by the second frequency modulator 24 is the time.
- the modulation is opposite to that of the first frequency modulator 23, which decreases or increases by the frequency difference F for each width T, and the received light with respect to the first transmitted light and the received light with respect to the second transmitted light. It is characterized in that the Doppler frequency f d is obtained by mixing the frequencies of.
- the laser radar device according to the fourth embodiment has the effect of the laser radar device according to the above-described embodiment, and the wind condition at any position is accurate regardless of how the range is taken. Can be measured well.
- the laser radar apparatus according to the fifth embodiment is the configuration of the laser radar apparatus according to the fourth embodiment with a new configuration added.
- the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment uses the first reference light source 11 in accordance with the absorption line of the gas.
- the gas refers to gas in the atmosphere, exhaust gas from a factory, gas leaked from piping, or the like.
- the same reference numerals are used as much as possible for the components common to the above-mentioned embodiments, and duplicate explanations are appropriately omitted.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment includes a control device 220 that controls the first reference light source 11.
- the control device 220 locks the first reference light source 11 to the gas absorption line.
- the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment can measure the concentration distribution of the gas in the atmosphere by setting the second reference light source 12 to a wavelength at which the absorption of the gas is small.
- the first reference light source 11 is a laser diode
- the wavelength can be finely adjusted by the temperature and the current value. Since the gas absorption line is generally narrow, feedback control using a gas cell can be considered as the control performed by the control device 220.
- the control device 220 may control the temperature or current value of the first reference light source 11 in an open loop and lock the wavelength of the first reference light source 11 to the gas absorption line. can.
- FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration example of the reception circuit 211 of the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the receiving circuit 211 includes a first frequency filter 321 and a second frequency filter 322.
- the signal distributed for each frequency by the first frequency filter 321 and the second frequency filter 322 is divided into two systems by the first signal splitter 361 and the second signal splitter 362, respectively.
- signal splitters 360 are required for the number of distance ranges.
- the signal divided by the signal splitter 360 (361, 362) is measured by the first gas concentration measuring receiver 371 and the second gas concentration measuring receiver 372, respectively.
- the signal strength measured by the first gas concentration measuring receiver 371 is relatively weaker than the signal strength measured by the second gas concentration measuring receiver 372 due to absorption by the gas.
- the laser radar device measures the gas concentration distribution from this signal intensity ratio.
- the first reference light source 11 emits the first laser light whose wavelength is controlled so as to match the absorption line of the gas component to be measured
- Reference light source 12 is a first gas concentration measuring receiver that emits a second laser beam having a wavelength different from that of the first reference light source 11 and receives a component of the received light corresponding to the first laser beam.
- a second gas concentration measuring receiver 372 that receives a component corresponding to the second laser beam of the received light is further provided, and the concentration of the gas component in the atmosphere can be decomposed and measured for each distance. ..
- the laser radar device can measure the wind condition by combining with the method shown in the fourth embodiment.
- the signal divided by the first signal splitter 361 and the second signal splitter 362 is input to the first mixer 351.
- the first mixer 351 can output the sum frequency to the receiver 331 and calculate the Doppler frequency f d .
- the laser radar device Since the laser radar device according to the fifth embodiment has the above configuration, it is possible to measure the distribution of gas in the atmosphere and the wind condition at the same time.
- the laser radar device according to the present disclosure technique can be used as a device for measuring wind conditions and gas distribution in the atmosphere.
- Reference light source 10 1st reference light source 11, 2nd reference light source 12, frequency modulator 20, phase modulator 20B, 1st frequency modulator 21, 23, 1st phase modulator 21B, 23B, 2nd Frequency modulators 22, 24, second phase modulators 22B, 24B, frequency modulators for locally oscillating light 25, phase modulators for locally oscillating light 25B, first beam splitters 30, 31, second beam splitters.
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Abstract
Description
ところが、風計測の場合、通常、レーザ光の照射方向の複数個所にエアロゾルがあり、複数個所のエアロゾルで散乱した光が重なって受信されるため、受信光の波形は複雑になる。レーザレーダ装置は、風計測の用途では、より簡明な方法で物標の距離に起因する周波数情報と物標の速度に起因する周波数情報とを分ける仕組みが求められている。
図1は、実施の形態1にかかるレーザレーダ装置の構成を示す構成図である。実施の形態1にかかるレーザレーダ装置は、基準光源10、周波数変調器20若しくは位相変調器20B、第1のビームスプリッタ30、増幅器40、サーキュレータ50、送受信光学系60、第2のビームスプリッタ70、バランスドディテクタ80、制御信号回路200、受信回路210から構成される。
dθ/dt=2πf ・・・(1)
ここでθが位相、fが周波数、πは円周率、tは時間を表す。
なお、以降の段落は、第2のビームスプリッタ70、及びバランスドディテクタ80を備える構成であることを前提とした説明である。
fd=-2ν0V/c ・・・(2)
なお、距離は、レーザレーダ装置を原点として遠ざかる方を正と定義する。すると、速度もレーザレーダ装置から遠ざかる方を正と考える。すると風速は追い風のとき正の値をとり、向かい風のとき負の値をとる。これに対応して、ドップラ周波数fdも正負どちらの値もとりうる。例えば光の周波数が2[THz](≒波長1.5[μm])のときドップラ周波数fdは風速1[m/s]あたり-1.33[MHz]となる。従って,図3に示すように周波数差Fが100[MHz]であれば、一般的な風況でのドップラ周波数fdに比べて十分大きいと言える。なお周波数差Fは100[MHz]に限定するものではなく、より小さい周波数であっても大きい周波数であってもよい。例えば気象用語では30m/sを超える風は「猛烈な風」として定義されるが、これを超えるような風況は地上ではあまり生じず、生じた場合であっても暴風雨となるため、雨粒や塵の影響でライダ計測が困難となることが多い。そのため、周波数差Fを、風速約+30[m/s]と-30[m/s]を区別することに相当する80[MHz]としても、実用上問題はない。
例えばレーザレーダ装置から600[m]の位置にあるエアロゾルから散乱された光は、往復で1200[m]の距離を光が飛行する時間である4[μs]経過後に受信される。これは、光速が秒速30万キロメートルであることに由来する。バランスドディテクタ80にて受信した局部発振光と受信光は、図5に示す周波数特性を有する。この具体例では、周波数変調器20における周波数変調は、時間幅Tが2[μs]ごとに周波数差Fが100[MHz]ずつ階段状に変化する変調周波数を付与する。
(受信光の周波数)=(局部発振光の周波数)-200[MHz]-fd・・・(3)
実施の形態1では、レーザ光を周波数変調した後に送信光と局部発振光とに分離する構成を説明したが、本開示技術はこの構成に限定するものではない。実施の形態2にかかるレーザレーダ装置は、送信光と局部発振光を分離した後に周波数変調又は位相変調を行う。実施の形態1と共通する構成要素については同じ符号を用い、重複した説明は省く。
φ(t)=θ(t) ・・・(4)
φ(t+t1)=θ(t) ・・・(5)
式(5)は、送信光の位相変調θが、局部発振光の位相変調φに比べて時間t1だけ遅れていることを意味している。
実施の形態3にかかるレーザレーダ装置の構成は、受信回路210を除けば実施の形態2のものと同様となる。実施の形態1又は実施の形態2と共通する構成要素については同じ符号を用い、重複した説明は省く。
φ(t-t2)=θ(t) ・・・(5)
式(5)は、実施の形態2の式(4)と比べてシフト時間の正負が異なることに注意する。式(5)は、送信光の位相変調θが、局部発振光の位相変調φに比べて時間t2だけ進んでいることを意味している。
φ(t-t2)+2πfot=θ(t) ・・・(6)
ただし、foはオフセット周波数である。周波数にオフセットをかけることは、図5において、局部発振光のプロット又は受信光のプロットの、縦軸方向への移動にほかならない。
実施の形態1から実施の形態3で示した具体例は、時間幅T=2[μs]とし、時間幅T=2[μs]で光が移動する距離の半分である300[m]、及びその倍数の距離である600[m]、900[m]…、の地点における風況の検出原理について明らかにした。実施の形態4にかかるレーザレーダ装置は、時間幅Tにより決められるとびとびの距離の地点における風況のみならず、このとびとびの距離の間の地点における風況も容易に求められる構成を備える。
実施の形態4にかかるレーザレーダ装置は、レンジとレンジの境目に近い地点における風況をシステマティックに求めることを課題とする。
なお、実施の形態4にかかる技術の説明は、既出の実施の形態と共通する構成要素についてはできるかぎり同じ符号を用い、重複した説明は適宜省く。
実施の形態5にかかるレーザレーダ装置は、実施の形態4にかかるレーザレーダ装置の構成にあらたな構成を加えたものである。実施の形態5にかかるレーザレーダ装置は、第1の基準光源11をガスの吸収線に合わせて使用する。ここでガスとは、大気中のガス、工場の排ガス、又は配管から漏洩したガス等を指す。実施の形態5にかかる技術の説明は、既出の実施の形態と共通する構成要素についてはできるかぎり同じ符号を用い、重複した説明は適宜省く。
Claims (7)
- 連続発振方式、又は準連続発振方式でレーザを発振する基準光源と、
前記基準光源から発振されたレーザに対して、周波数変調を付与する周波数変調器と、
前記周波数変調器で変調を付与されたレーザを、送信光と局部発振光とに分離するビームスプリッタと、
前記送信光を送信し、物標から反射された光を受信する送受信光学系と、
前記送受信光学系で受信した受信光と前記局部発振光とを受信し、それぞれの光を電気信号に変換する受信器と
前記受信器が変換した前記電気信号を処理し、物標の距離情報及び速度情報を算出する受信回路と、を備えるレーザレーダ装置であって、
前記周波数変調器が付与する周波数変調は、時間幅Tごとに周波数差Fだけ増加又は減少する階段状の変化を少なくとも1段分行う変調であり、
前記受信回路は、前記局部発振光と前記受信光との周波数差を前記周波数差Fで割算し、余り又は不足に相当する周波数差をドップラ周波数fdと判断することを特徴とするレーザレーダ装置。 - 前記周波数差Fは、風速30[m/s]に相当するドップラ周波数の2倍よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレーザレーダ装置。
- 請求項1に記載のレーザレーダ装置であって、
前記送信光と前記局部発振光とで時間をシフトした変調を付与することができるレーザレーダ装置。 - 請求項1に記載のレーザレーダ装置であって、
前記局部発振光又は前記受信光に付加する周波数にオフセットをかけることができるレーザレーダ装置。 - 連続発振方式、又は準連続発振方式でレーザを発振する第1の基準光源と、
連続発振方式、又は準連続発振方式でレーザを発振する第2の基準光源と、
前記第1の基準光源から発振されたレーザに対して、周波数変調を付与する第1の周波数変調器と、
前記第2の基準光源から発振されたレーザに対して、周波数変調を付与する第2の周波数変調器と、
前記第1の周波数変調器で変調を付与されたレーザを、第1の送信光と第1の局部発振光とに分離する第1のビームスプリッタと、
前記第2の周波数変調器で変調を付与されたレーザを、第2の送信光と第2の局部発振光とに分離する第2のビームスプリッタと、
前記第1の送信光と前記第2の送信光を増幅する増幅器と、
増幅された前記第1の送信光と前記第2の送信光とを送信し、物標から反射された光を受信光として受信する送受信光学系と、
前記受信光と前記第1の局部発振光とを受信し、それぞれの光を第1の電気信号に変換する第1のバランスドディテクタと
前記受信光と前記第2の局部発振光とを受信し、それぞれの光を第2の電気信号に変換する第2のバランスドディテクタと
前記第1のバランスドディテクタと前記第2のバランスドディテクタとが変換した前記第1の電気信号と前記第2の電気信号とを処理し、物標の距離情報及び速度情報を算出する受信回路と、を備えるレーザレーダ装置であって、
前記第1の周波数変調器が付与する周波数変調は、時間幅Tごとに周波数差Fだけ増加又は減少する階段状の変化を少なくとも1段分行う変調であり、
前記第2の周波数変調器が付与する周波数変調は、時間幅Tごとに前記周波数差Fだけ減少又は増加する前記第1の周波数変調器とは逆の変調であり、
前記第1の送信光に対する前記受信光と前記第2の送信光に対する前記受信光との周波数混合によりドップラ周波数fdを求めることを特徴とするレーザレーダ装置。 - 請求項5に記載のレーザレーダ装置であって、
前記第1の基準光源は、計測するガス成分の吸収線に合うように波長が制御された第1のレーザ光を放射し、
前記第2の基準光源は、前記第1の基準光源と異なる波長の第2のレーザ光を放射し、
前記受信光のうち前記第1のレーザ光に対応する成分を受信する第1のガス濃度計測用受信機と、
前記受信光のうち前記第2のレーザ光に対応する成分を受信する第2のガス濃度計測用受信機と、をさらに備え
前記ガス成分の濃度を距離ごとに分解して計測するレーザレーダ装置。 - 連続発振方式、又は準連続発振方式でレーザを発振し、
基準光源から発振されたレーザに対して、周波数変調を付与し、
変調を付与されたレーザを、送信光と局部発振光とに分離し、
前記送信光を増幅し、
増幅された前記送信光を送信し、物標から反射された光を受信光として受信し、
受信した前記受信光と前記局部発振光とをさらに受信し、それぞれの光を電気信号に変換し、
変換した前記電気信号を処理し、物標の距離情報及び速度情報を算出する風計測方法であって、
周波数変調は、時間幅Tごとに周波数差Fだけ増加又は減少する階段状の変化を少なくとも1段分行う変調をし、
前記局部発振光と前記受信光との周波数差を前記周波数差Fで割算し、余り又は不足に相当する周波数差をドップラ周波数fdと判断することを特徴とする風計測方法。
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