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WO2021031887A1 - 一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构 - Google Patents

一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021031887A1
WO2021031887A1 PCT/CN2020/107874 CN2020107874W WO2021031887A1 WO 2021031887 A1 WO2021031887 A1 WO 2021031887A1 CN 2020107874 W CN2020107874 W CN 2020107874W WO 2021031887 A1 WO2021031887 A1 WO 2021031887A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
bottom bracket
hole
mounting hole
bracket
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PCT/CN2020/107874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁德
Original Assignee
上海敏登工业技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021031887A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031887A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K19/00—Cycle frames
    • B62K19/30—Frame parts shaped to receive other cycle parts or accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M3/00—Construction of cranks operated by hand or foot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B62M6/50—Control or actuating devices therefor characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of bicycles, in particular to a connection structure between a sensor and an assisted bicycle.
  • Electric-assisted bicycles usually use torque sensors or torque measurement methods (TMM) to realize real-time monitoring of the pedaling force of the rider, and combine the pedaling frequency data to adjust the power output to achieve the purpose of riding assistance.
  • TMM torque measurement methods
  • the traditional torque sensor is located in the rotating part, the structure is too complex, the reliability is poor, and the maintainability is poor.
  • Most of the customized structure is lack of versatility.
  • the elastic body is likely to cause incomplete stress release under the action of a single external force, leading to the sensor The zero point drifts, and can't sense slope, can't sense brakes, and lack effective mechanical overload protection measures.
  • TMM torque measurement method
  • the boom-type bottom bracket is to set a pressure sensor between the bottom bracket and the frame, and the chain restraint makes the bottom bracket maintain contact with the sensor and generate pressure, so as to realize the monitoring of the rider’s riding strength by the sensor.
  • the bottom bracket Since the bottom bracket is only hinged on the frame and is in a pure contact relationship with the pressure sensor, the bottom bracket is not in a stable state. In actual riding, due to road conditions and various riding conditions, the chain cannot Completely restrict the activities of the bottom bracket, the bottom bracket is in a random swing state, which causes frequent collisions with the pressure sensor, which not only leads to poor riding experience, but also causes considerable damage to the pressure sensor, or shortens the life of the pressure sensor;
  • the sensor can only sense pressure, not tension, so it cannot sense downhill or brakes;
  • the sensor only accepts one-way pressure, resulting in incomplete release of the elastic body stress, which leads to serious sensor zero drift.
  • most of the current bicycle sensors on the market have a certain degree of zero drift, so every start is required Perform zero point correction, poor experience;
  • the integral bottom bracket has complicated structure, complicated processing technology, high installation difficulty and high cost;
  • the bottom bracket In the vehicle state, the bottom bracket usually needs to be at a certain angle relative to the horizontal plane (for example, 90 degrees) to obtain the best assist effect, but if there is a processing error in the frame processing or the size of the front fork and wheel set has changed It will lead to a change in the included angle, and it will not be possible to achieve the predetermined included angle through simple installation and adjustment to achieve the desired function;
  • the ultimate pressure that the pressure sensor can accept is limited, and usually cannot exceed 50% of the sensor range.
  • the sensor range should not be selected too large.
  • the pressure of the sensor is determined by the weight and strength of the rider. And the range is very wide, so under normal technical conditions, in order to achieve higher accuracy, pressure sensors have a great risk of overload but lack the necessary protective measures.
  • most of the sensors of assisted bicycles on the market do not have effective overload protection. means.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple installation structure, which can effectively protect the sensor, and sense a precise connection structure between the sensor and the assisted bicycle.
  • the present invention proposes a connection structure between a sensor and a power-assisted bicycle, including a frame, a bottom bracket assembly and a sensor; the bottom bracket assembly is hinged with the frame through a rotating shaft; one end of the sensor is connected to the bracket.
  • the communication components are hinged to each other, and the other end of the sensor and the frame are hinged to each other; the sensor, the frame and the five-way component form a stable triangular structure;
  • a bottom bracket is installed in the bottom bracket assembly; a crankset is sleeved on the bottom bracket, and the crankset is drivingly connected to the rear wheel through a chain; both ends of the bottom bracket are provided with cranks, and the crank There is a pedal at the bottom.
  • the bottom bracket assembly includes a bottom bracket and two brackets, one end of the bracket is provided with a first mounting hole adapted to the shaft, and the other end of the bracket is provided with a The second mounting hole is adapted; the two brackets respectively sleeve the first installation holes on both sides of the rotating shaft, and the second installation holes are respectively sleeved on the two bottom brackets Side, to realize the movable connection of the bracket with the bottom bracket and the rotating shaft;
  • the bottom bracket is a hollow cylindrical structure, the bottom bracket is inserted into the through hole of the bottom bracket, and a bearing is installed between the bottom bracket and the bottom bracket; on the side wall of the bottom bracket A third mounting hole is provided, and the end of the sensor is provided with a fourth mounting hole that matches with the third mounting hole; the third mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole are penetrated by a pin to realize the The hinged connection between the bottom bracket and the sensor.
  • a ball bearing or lubricating oil is arranged between the rotating shaft and the first mounting hole; a protective cover is fixed at both ends of the rotating shaft, and a low resistance gasket is preset between the frame and the bracket, The low-resistance gasket is sleeved on the rotating shaft.
  • the shaft is a split shaft, including a left half shaft and a right half shaft. After the left half shaft is connected to the right half shaft, it is screwed to the left half shaft and the right half shaft by screws. The fixed connection is realized in the opposite screw holes.
  • a scale is marked on the bottom bracket.
  • the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are both slotted structures, one end of the slot is provided with a through hole, and the other end is provided with a threaded hole; the screw passes through the through hole and is screwed to the In the threaded hole, by adjusting the torque of the screw, the opening and closing angle of the notch is adjusted to control the apertures of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole.
  • the tube wall of the frame is provided with an arc-shaped tongue groove; the end of the bracket is fitted into the tongue groove through the rotating shaft; the side wall of the tongue groove limits the bracket surrounding The rotation angle of the rotating shaft.
  • a mounting seat is provided on the frame; the sensor is hinged to the frame through the mounting seat; and the sensor and the mounting seat are elastically hinged;
  • the elastic hinge includes a spring and a spring bracket;
  • the spring bracket includes a connecting rod and a connecting seat;
  • the spring is sleeved on the adapter rod; one end of the adapter rod is fixed to the connecting seat, and the other end of the adapter rod is inserted into the bracket engaging hole on the bottom surface of the mounting seat;
  • the sensor is supported on the connecting seat; the end of the sensor is provided with a sixth mounting hole, and the side wall of the connecting seat is provided with a seventh mounting hole matching the sixth mounting hole; Waist holes are provided on the side walls on both sides of the mounting seat; the sixth mounting hole, the seventh mounting hole and the waist hole are penetrated by a pin, and the two ends of the pin are respectively erected on both sides In the waist hole, an elastic hinge connection between the sensor and the mounting seat is realized.
  • the frame is provided with a control module, a speed sensor, a booster motor and a battery;
  • the booster motor is connected to the rear wheel or the front wheel drive;
  • the speed sensor is installed on the bottom axle for sensing the The rotation speed of the middle shaft;
  • the battery is electrically connected with the control module through a wire;
  • the control module is electrically connected with the speed sensor and the booster motor through a wire and signal connection;
  • the frame is provided with a sensor wire hole, and the sensor realizes signal connection and electrical connection with the control module by passing a wire through the sensor wire hole.
  • the senor is located on the front side or the rear side of the bottom bracket assembly; the bottom bracket is located above or below the rotating shaft.
  • the advantages of the present invention are: the frame, the connection structure of the bottom bracket assembly and the sensor of the present invention strengthens the stability of the bottom bracket and avoids the formation of the bottom bracket on the sensor during the riding of the vehicle.
  • the sensor can be randomly affected by tension or pressure during the riding process, which avoids the incomplete release of the elastic body stress caused by the unidirectional force of the sensor and the zero point drift. This causes the problem of inaccurate sensor force measurement.
  • connection method also enables the same set of bottom bracket components and sensor components to be adapted to different sizes of frame and front fork configurations by just installing and adjusting to achieve the best assist effect.
  • the range of models suitable for bicycles is relatively wide, which simplifies the overall Installation difficulty.
  • the bracket Since a slotted structure is adopted at the second mounting hole of the bracket and the bottom bracket is fixed by a screw, by setting an appropriate torque on the screw, the bracket will rotate and resist when the pedaling force is too large.
  • the invention achieves the purpose of protecting the sensor through the elastic hinge connection between the sensor and the frame.
  • the sensor connection method also achieves two other functions, sensing uphill and downhill and braking, and through the collection of this information by the control module and the design of the corresponding assistance algorithm, the riding experience is further improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an assisted bicycle in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the assisted bicycle in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the five-way component in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a disassembly diagram of the bottom bracket assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the installation of the bottom bracket assembly on the assisted bicycle in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a split view of Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the sensor located on the front side of the bottom bracket assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the sensor located on the back side of the bottom bracket assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom bracket located above the rotating shaft in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a split shaft in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a connection structure for a sensor and a power-assisted bicycle, which includes a frame 1, a bottom bracket assembly 2 and a sensor 3; the bottom bracket assembly 2 is hinged with the frame 1 through a shaft 4; and the sensor 3 One end is hinged with the bottom bracket 2 and the other end of the sensor 3 is hinged with the frame 1.
  • the sensor 3, the frame 1 and the bottom bracket 2 form a stable triangular structure; the stability of the bottom bracket 21 is reinforced and the vehicle is avoided During riding, the bottom bracket 21 has various adverse impacts on the sensor 3.
  • the sensor 3 can be randomly affected by tension or pressure during the riding process, which avoids the sensor 3 being caused by unidirectional force. The incomplete stress release of the elastic body causes the zero point drift, which causes the problem of inaccurate force measurement of the sensor 3.
  • a bottom bracket 5 is installed in the bottom bracket assembly 2; a crankset 6 is sleeved on the bottom bracket 5, and the crankset 6 is drivingly connected to the rear wheels by a chain; both ends of the bottom bracket 5 are provided with a crank 7, and the bottom end of the crank 7 With pedal 8.
  • the bottom bracket assembly 2 includes a bottom bracket 21 and two brackets 22.
  • One end of the bracket 22 is provided with a first mounting adapted to the shaft 4.
  • the other end of the bracket 22 is provided with a second mounting hole that matches the bottom bracket 21; the two brackets 22 respectively cover the first mounting holes on both sides of the shaft 4 and cover the second mounting holes respectively.
  • the bottom bracket 21 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the bottom bracket 5 is inserted into the through hole of the bottom bracket 21; a bearing is preset between the bottom bracket 5 and the bottom bracket 21 to facilitate the bottom bracket 5 to be in the through hole of the bottom bracket 21 Rotation occurs; the side wall of the bottom bracket 21 is provided with a third mounting hole, and the end of the sensor 3 is provided with a fourth mounting hole that matches the third mounting hole; the pin 9 penetrates the third mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole , To achieve the hinged connection between the bottom bracket 21 and the sensor 3.
  • the sensor 3 used can either sense tension or tension.
  • the working principle of the present invention is: the pedal 8 drives the central shaft 5 to rotate, the central shaft 5 drives the chainring 6 to rotate, the chainring 6 pulls the chain, and the chain drives the rear wheel to form a pulling force.
  • the reaction force of the chain causes the bottom bracket 21 to interact with the sensor 3.
  • a certain pressure or tension is formed. Through the magnitude of the pressure or tension, the control system can provide the corresponding power output to the assist motor to achieve a better assist experience.
  • a ball bearing or lubricating oil is arranged between the rotating shaft 4 and the first mounting hole; the rotation resistance is reduced;
  • a protective cover 10 is fixed at both ends of the rotating shaft 4; in order to protect the rotating mechanism of the rotating shaft 4 and the bracket 22 to operate normally, avoid the influence of external environmental factors;
  • a low-resistance shim is preset between the frame 1 and the frame 22 to avoid too much friction between the frame 22 and the frame 1, causing serious wear of the frame 22 and affecting the rotation of the frame 22.
  • the shaft 4 is a split shaft, including a left half shaft 41 and a right half shaft 42. After the left half shaft 41 and the right half shaft 42 are connected, they are screwed to the left half by a screw 43.
  • the shaft 41 and the right half shaft 42 are fixedly connected in the screw holes; the split design of the shaft 4, the left half shaft 41 and the right half shaft 42 are inserted into the mounting holes on both sides of the frame mounting holes, and finally realized by screws 43
  • the connection between the left half shaft 41 and the right half shaft 42 is fixed; compared to the integral design of the shaft 4, one end of the mounting hole is forced into the mounting hole, and the shaft 4 and the mounting hole are designed with interference fit.
  • the split installation method is more labor-saving and convenient.
  • the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are both slotted structures 11, one end of the slot is provided with a through hole, and the other end is provided with a threaded hole;
  • the screw 12 penetrates the through hole and is screwed into the threaded hole, and the opening and closing angle of the notch is adjusted by adjusting the torque of the screw 12, thereby controlling the apertures of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole.
  • the slotted structure of the first mounting hole facilitates the installation of the bearing outside the shaft 4 in the first mounting hole. Due to the slotted structure, the aperture of the first mounting hole can be appropriately enlarged and reduced. It is easy to install
  • the bracket 22 can be sleeved on the outer ring of the bearing through the first mounting hole, and then the diameter of the first mounting hole can be reduced by adjusting the torque of the screw 12, so that the inner ring of the first mounting hole can clamp the shaft 4 outer bearing
  • the outer ring is assembled, and the traditional design of the interference fit between the bearing and the first mounting hole is provided, and the slotted structure is provided, which makes the assembly more convenient and suitable for industrialized mass production.
  • the second mounting hole facilitates adjustment of the angle of the bottom bracket 21 in the second mounting hole by adjusting the aperture;
  • the width of the slot can be designed to be about 1mm, and the slot can achieve two functions:
  • the scale corresponding to the surface of the bottom bracket 21 is used to confirm the rotation angle of the bottom bracket 21.
  • the bottom bracket 21 is marked with a scale; the scale is used to confirm the rotation position of the bottom bracket 21 relative to the bracket 22; through the cooperation between the slotted structure 11 and the scale of the bottom bracket 21, even the front forks of different sizes used in the frame 1 and For the wheel set, the preset angle of the bracket 22 relative to the horizontal plane can still be achieved by adjusting the angle of the bottom bracket 21 relative to the bracket 22. Therefore, the scale on the bottom bracket 21 can be used to confirm and calibrate the bracket 22 required by a certain frame model.
  • the angle relative to the horizontal plane can be adapted to a variety of different types of frame, and it is also convenient to adjust the relative position and angle of the bracket 22.
  • the tube wall of the frame 1 is provided with an arc-shaped tongue groove; the end of the bracket 22 is fitted into the tongue groove through the shaft 4; the side wall of the tongue groove limits the rotation angle of the bracket 22 around the shaft 4 ;
  • the bracket 22 and the bottom bracket 21 overcome the friction force and rotate relatively, and at the same time drive the bracket 22 to rotate relative to the shaft 4 to a certain angle Then, it is pressed against the side wall of the tongue and groove on the frame 1, so that no rotation occurs, and the pressure felt by the sensor 3 will not increase anymore, thereby forming a protection for the sensor 3.
  • the frame 1 is provided with a mounting seat 13; the sensor 3 is hinged to the frame 1 through the mounting seat 13; and the sensor 3 and the mounting seat 13 are elastically hinged;
  • the elastic hinge includes a spring 14 and a spring bracket 15;
  • the spring bracket 15 includes a connecting rod 151 and a connecting seat 152;
  • the spring 14 is sleeved on the connecting rod 151; one end of the connecting rod 151 is fixed to the connecting seat 152, and the other end of the connecting rod 151 is inserted into the bracket connecting hole 30 on the bottom surface of the mounting seat 13;
  • the sensor 3 is supported on the connecting seat 152; the end of the sensor 3 is provided with a sixth mounting hole, and the side wall of the connecting seat 152 is provided with a seventh mounting hole that matches the sixth mounting hole; A waist hole 16 is provided on the side wall of the device; the pin 9 penetrates the sixth mounting hole, the seventh mounting hole and the waist hole 16, and the two ends of the pin 9 are respectively erected in the waist holes 16 on both sides to achieve The sensor 3 and the mounting seat 13 are elastically hinged. When the rider is riding a bicycle, the bottom bracket 21 transmits force to the sensor 3.
  • the pin 9 will be displaced in the waist hole 16, and the spring 14 will be compressed to prevent damage to the sensor 3 .
  • the spring 14 is preset with a certain amount of preload, which corresponds to the maximum range of the sensor 3.
  • the protection spring 14 is further compressed, causing the bracket 22 to rotate And against the frame 1, that is, the aforementioned bracket 22 against the side wall of the tongue and groove, to further prevent the sensor 3 from being damaged by excessive pressure.
  • the frame 1 is provided with a control module 17, a speed sensor, a booster motor 18 and a battery 19; the booster motor 18 is drivingly connected to the rear wheels or the front wheels.
  • the storage battery 19 is electrically connected to the control module 17 through a wire; the control module 17 is electrically connected to the speed sensor and the booster motor 18 through a wire and signal connection.
  • the frame 1 is provided with a sensor wire hole 31, and the sensor 3 realizes signal connection and electrical connection with the control module 17 and the battery 19 by passing a wire through the sensor wire hole 31.
  • a crank speed sensor should also be configured, and the crank speed sensor should be mechanically installed on the central shaft 5 or the crank 7 and signally connected to the control module 17.
  • the control module 17 is the control center of the entire vehicle. It is powered by the battery 19, and is connected to the display instrument, the torque monitoring sensor 3, and the speed sensor. According to the received information, the power assist motor 18 is outputted through a certain assist algorithm.
  • the installation position of the booster motor 18 is not limited. It can be installed on the front or rear wheels, that is, a common hub motor, or on the middle part of the frame 1, that is, the gear-driven chain is located between the sprocket and the flywheel. Half part.
  • the chain tension may be too large when adjusting the front and rear position of the rear wheel, which may cause the sensor 3 to bear a large prestress.
  • the prestress may have a large range and is not available.
  • the control module 17 will make too aggressive power output and cause safety problems.
  • the vehicle should be equipped with a chain tensioner in single-speed configuration to provide elastic pressure on the chain to avoid greater The chain tension occurs.
  • the bracket 22 connected to the bottom bracket 21 can be set to tilt backward at a small angle, so that the bottom bracket 21 is placed on the crank 7 and the chain ring.
  • the angle of the bracket 22 can be adjusted backward to achieve a certain degree of hedging of the chain tension.
  • the smaller backward tilt angle can also increase the probability of the sensor 3 withstanding tension, which can effectively prevent the sensor 3 from being in a pressure state for a long time and the stress of the sensor 3 cannot be completely released, so that the sensor 3 can get rid of the zero point to a greater extent. Drift effect.
  • the senor 3 can be located on the front side or the back side of the bottom bracket 2; as shown in Fig. 8, at the rear side, when the pedal 8 is stepped on, the sensor 3 is under pressure, and when braking, because Vehicle inertia, sensor 3 feels the pulling force;
  • the bottom bracket 21 is located above or below the shaft 4; as shown in Figure 9, when the bottom bracket 21 is at the top, the position of the bottom bracket 21 is raised, so it is suitable for BMX use, but the force is the same in both cases. Pressure or tension. Whether it is tension or pressure, the controller can evaluate the pedaling force of the rider through algorithm design and then set the appropriate power output.
  • the shaft 4 when assembling the vehicle, taking into account the large and complex forces on the shaft 4, in order to ensure that the shaft 4 is sufficiently strong relative to the frame 1, the shaft 4 can also adopt an integral structure and adopt an interference fit Press it into the corresponding hole of the frame 1 in advance;
  • the torque measurement function can still be realized, but the installation method will be different from the above description.
  • the shaft 4 needs to pass through the frame at the same time 1 Hinge hole and the corresponding bottom bracket 21 hinge hole, and ensure that the shaft 4 has an interference fit with the frame 1, and the bottom bracket 21 mounting hole is a clearance fit.
  • the purpose of the clearance fit is to ensure that the bottom bracket 21 can be lower than the shaft 4 Resistance rotation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，包括车架（1）、五通组件（2）和传感器（3）；五通组件（2）通过转轴（4）与车架（1）铰接；传感器（3）一端与五通组件（2）相互铰接，传感器（3）的另一端与车架（1）相互铰接；传感器（3）、车架（1）和五通组件（2）形成稳定的三角结构；五通组件（2）内安装有中轴（5）；中轴（5）上套设有牙盘（6），牙盘（6）通过链条与后轮驱动连接；中轴（5）的两端均设有曲柄（7），曲柄（7）的底端设有脚踏（8）；该结构可以有效保护传感器，并且感知精准。

Description

一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构 技术领域
本发明涉及自行车技术领域，尤其涉及一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构。
背景技术
电动助力自行车通常通过扭矩传感器或者扭矩测量方式(TMM)来实现对骑行者踩踏力度大小的实时监测并结合踩踏频率数据来调节动力输出大小从而实现骑行助力的目的。传统的扭矩传感器位于旋转部件中，结构过于复杂，可靠性差，可维护性差，多为定制化结构，缺乏通用性，而且由于弹性体在单一外力的作用下，容易造成应力释放不完全，导致传感器零点漂移，并且不能感应坡度，不能感应刹车，还缺乏有效的机械过载保护措施。
目前市场上采用扭矩测量方式(TMM)进行踩踏力监测的手段主要有两种。一种是后轴钩爪传感器方式，另外一种是吊杆式五通方式。后轴钩爪传感器方式的主要缺点是力矩测量不精准且受外界干扰严重，这种方式将传感器内置于后下叉和后上叉连接处的金属构件内，这个位置处于后轴支撑的关键部位，受力大且复杂，对精度和寿命都有不良影响，如果对后轮维护进行了拆装操作，会造成传感器较大的零点漂移甚至是机械损伤；另外踩踏力度从脚踏传递到后叉，路径比较长，弹性体的存在导致后轴钩爪传感器在响应时间和准确度方面都存在劣势。
吊杆式五通方式是在五通和车架之间设置压力传感器，通过链条的约束作用使得五通与传感器保持接触和产生压力，从而实现传感器对骑行者骑行力度的监控，然而这种方式目前仍有几个问题没有得到解决。
由于五通仅仅铰接在车架上，与压力传感器之间属于单纯的接触关系，因此五通并未处于稳定状态，在实际骑行中，由于路况及各种骑行条件的限制，链条并不能完全约束五通的活动，五通处于随机的摆动状态，导致与压力传感器发生频繁的撞击，不仅导致骑行体验差，也造成压力传感器相当程度的损坏，或者寿命缩减；
传感器只能感应压力，不能感应拉力，所以不能感应下坡，也不能感应刹车；
传感器只接受单向压力，造成弹性体应力释放不完全，从而导致严重的传感器零点漂移现象，实际上目前市场上大多数助力自行车的传感器都存在一定程度的零点漂移现象，因此每次启动都需要进行零点矫正，体验欠佳；
整体式的五通结构复杂，加工工艺复杂，安装难度高，成本高；
整车状态下五通吊杆通常需要相对于水平面成某个夹角(例如90度)才可以获得最优的助力效果，但如果车架加工出现加工误差或者前叉及轮组尺寸发生了变化将导致该夹角的变化，将无法通过简单的安装调整以达到该预定夹角进而实现预想的功能；
压力传感器可以接受的极限压力有限，通常不能超过传感器量程的50％，同时为了保证测量精度，传感器的量程也不宜选的过大，然而传感器受到的五通的压力决定于骑行者的体重和力量而且范围非常宽泛，因此通常技术条件下，为了实现更高的精准度，压力传感器有很大的过载风险却缺乏必要的保护措施，目前市场上大部分的助力自行车的传感器都没有有效的过载保护手段。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种安装结构简单，可以有效保护传感器，并且感 知精准的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构。
为达到上述目的，本发明提出一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，包括车架、五通组件和传感器；所述五通组件通过转轴与所述车架铰接；所述传感器一端与所述五通组件相互铰接，所述传感器的另一端与所述车架相互铰接；所述传感器、所述车架和所述五通组件形成稳定的三角结构；
所述五通组件内安装有中轴；所述中轴上套设有牙盘，所述牙盘通过链条与后轮驱动连接；所述中轴的两端均设有曲柄，所述曲柄的底端设有脚踏。
优选的，所述五通组件包括五通和两片支架，所述支架的一端设有与所述转轴相适配的第一安装孔，所述支架的另一端设有与所述五通相适配的第二安装孔；两片所述支架通过将所述第一安装孔分别套设于所述转轴的两侧，以及将所述第二安装孔分别套设于所述五通的两侧，实现所述支架与所述五通和所述转轴的活动连接；
所述五通为中空的圆柱体结构，所述中轴插设于所述五通的通孔内，所述中轴与所述五通之间架设有轴承；所述五通的侧壁上设有第三安装孔，所述传感器的端头设有与所述第三安装孔配合的第四安装孔；通过销轴贯穿所述第三安装孔和所述第四安装孔，实现所述五通与所述传感器的铰接。
优选的，所述转轴与所述第一安装孔之间设置滚珠轴承或者润滑油；所述转轴两端固定有防护盖，所述车架与所述支架之间预设有低阻力垫片，所述低阻力垫片套设于所述转轴上。
优选的，所述转轴为分体式转轴，包括左半转轴和右半转轴，所述左半转轴与所述右半转轴对接后，通过螺钉旋拧于所述左半转轴与所述右半转轴相对的螺孔内实现固定连接。
优选的，所述五通上标记有刻度。
优选的，所述第一安装孔和所述第二安装孔均为开槽结构，槽口的两端一端设有通孔，另一端设有螺纹孔；螺钉贯穿所述通孔旋拧于所述螺纹孔内，通过调整螺钉的扭矩，调整所述槽口的开合角度从而控制所述第一安装孔和所述第二安装孔的孔径。
优选的，所述车架的管壁上设有弧形榫槽；所述支架的端头通过所述转轴嵌合于所述榫槽内；所述榫槽的侧壁限位所述支架围绕所述转轴的转动角度。
优选的，所述车架上设有安装座；所述传感器通过所述安装座与所述车架相互铰接；并且所述传感器与所述安装座为弹性铰接；
所述弹性铰接包括弹簧和弹簧支架；所述弹簧支架包括衔接杆和连接座；
所述弹簧套设于所述衔接杆上；所述衔接杆的一端与所述连接座相固定，所述衔接杆的另一端插设于所述安装座底面的支架衔接孔内；
所述传感器承托于所述连接座上；所述传感器的端头设有第六安装孔，所述连接座的侧壁上设有与所述第六安装孔相配合的第七安装孔；所述安装座两侧的侧壁上均设有的腰孔；通过销轴贯穿所述第六安装孔、第七安装孔和腰孔，并且所述销轴的两端分别架设于两侧的所述腰孔内，实现所述传感器与所述安装座的弹性铰接。
优选的，所述车架上设有控制模块、速度传感器、助力电机和蓄电池；所述助力电机与后轮或者前轮驱动连接；所述速度传感器安装于所述中轴上，用于感应所述中轴的转速；所述蓄电池通过导线与所述控制模块实现电连接；所述控制模块通过导线与所述速度传感器和所述助力电机实现电连接和信号连接；
所述车架上设有传感器线孔，所述传感器通过将导线穿过所述传感器线孔，与所述控制模块实现信号连接和电连接。
优选的，所述传感器位于所述五通组件的前侧或者后侧；所述五通位于所述转轴的上方或者下方。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优势之处在于：本发明的车架，五通组件和传感器的连接结构，加固了五通的稳固性，避免了车辆骑行过程中五通对传感器形成的各种不良冲击，另一方面传感器在骑行过程中可以随机的受到拉力或者压力作用，避免了传感器在单向受力的情况下造成的弹性体应力释放不完全而导致零点漂移的情况，从而造成传感器测力不准的问题。
该连接方式还能够使同一套五通组件及传感器部件仅仅通过安装调整即可适应不同尺寸的车架和前叉配置以达到最优的助力效果，适用自行车的型号范围比较广，简化了整体的安装难度。
由于在支架的第二安装孔处采用了开槽结构并通过螺钉固定五通，通过对该螺钉设定适当的扭矩，使得当施加在脚踏上踩踏力过大时，支架发生旋转并抵在车架上，实现了保护传感器的目的。此外，本发明通过传感器与车架的弹性铰接，达到保护传感器的目的。而且，该传感器连接方式还实现了另外两个功能，感知上下坡和刹车，通过控制模块对这些信息的收集及设计相应的助力算法，骑行的助力体验得到进一步的提升。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中助力自行车的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中助力自行车局部放大图；
图3为本发明实施例中五通组件的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中五通组件的拆解图；
图5为本发明实施例中五通组件在助力自行车上的安装结构图；
图6为图5的拆分图；
图7为本发明实施例中传感器位于五通组件前侧的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中传感器位于五通组件后侧的结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中五通位于转轴的上方的结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中分体式转轴的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案作进一步地说明。
如图1和图2所示，本发明提出一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，包括车架1、五通组件2和传感器3；五通组件2通过转轴4与车架1铰接；传感器3一端与五通组件2相互铰接，传感器3的另一端与车架1相互铰接；传感器3、车架1和五通组件2形成稳定的三角结构；加固了五通21的稳固性，避免了车辆骑行过程中五通21对传感器3形成的各种不良冲击，另一方面传感器3在骑行过程中可以随机的受到拉力或者压力作用，避免了传感器3在单向受力的情况下造成的弹性体应力释放不完全而导致零点漂移的情况，从而造成传感器3测力不准的问题。
五通组件2内安装有中轴5；中轴5上套设有牙盘6，牙盘6通过链条与后轮驱动连接；中轴5的两端均设有曲柄7，曲柄7的底端设有脚踏8。
在本实施例中，如图3、图4图5和图6所示，五通组件2包括五通21和两片支架22，支架22的一端设有与转轴4相适配的第一安装孔，支架22的另一端设有与五通21相适配的第二安装孔；两片支架22通过将第一安装孔分别套设于转轴4的两侧，以及将第二安装孔分别套设于五通21的两侧，实现支架 22与五通21和转轴4的活动连接；
五通21为中空的圆柱体结构，中轴5插设于五通21的通孔内；中轴5与五通21之间预设有轴承，便于中轴5在五通21的通孔内发生转动；五通21的侧壁上设有第三安装孔，传感器3的端头设有与第三安装孔配合的第四安装孔；通过销轴9贯穿第三安装孔和第四安装孔，实现五通21与传感器3的铰接。
在本实施例中，所采用的传感器3既可以感应拉力，也可以感应拉力。
本发明的工作原理为：脚踏8带动中轴5发生转动，中轴5带动牙盘6转动，牙盘6拉动链条，链条驱动后轮形成拉力，链条的反作用力导致五通21对于传感器3形成一定的压力或者拉力，通过压力或拉力的大小，控制系统可以对助力电机提供对应的动力输出，以达到更好的助力体验。
在本实施例中，转轴4与第一安装孔之间设置滚珠轴承或者润滑油；减小转动阻力；
转轴4两端固定有防护盖10；为了保护转轴4与支架22旋转机制可以正常运转，避免受到外界环境因素的影响；
车架1与支架22之间预设有低阻力垫片，避免支架22与车架1之间摩擦力太大，导致支架22磨损严重，影响支架22的旋转。
在本实施例中，如图10所示，转轴4为分体式转轴，包括左半转轴41和右半转轴42，左半转轴41与右半转轴42对接后，通过螺钉43旋拧于左半转轴41与所述右半转轴42相对的螺孔内实现固定连接；转轴4的分体式设计，左半转轴41和右半转轴42分别在车架安装孔两边插入安装孔，最后通过螺钉43实现左半转轴41与右半转轴42之间的连接固定；相比于一体设计的转轴4在安装孔一端强行压入安装孔，并且转轴4与安装孔又是过盈配合的设计，转轴4的分体式安装方式更加的省力以及便捷。
在本实施例中，如图3和图4所示，第一安装孔和第二安装孔均为开槽结构11，槽口的两端一端设有通孔，另一端设有螺纹孔；，螺钉12贯穿通孔旋拧于螺纹孔内，通过调整螺钉12的扭矩，调整槽口的开合角度，从而控制第一安装孔和第二安装孔的孔径。
第一安装孔的开槽结构，便于将转轴4外的轴承安装于第一安装孔内，由于设置了开槽结构，第一安装孔的孔径可以适当扩大以及缩小，在安装的时候，很轻易就能将支架22通过第一安装孔套设于轴承的外圈，接着通过调整螺钉12的扭矩，来缩小第一安装孔的孔径，进而实现第一安装孔的内圈夹紧转轴4外轴承的外圈，实现装配，与传统的采用轴承与第一安装孔过盈配合的设计，设置开槽结构，装配更加便捷，适合工业化大批量生产。
第二安装孔通过调整孔径，进而方便调整五通21在第二安装孔内的角度；开槽的宽度可以设计为1mm左右，该开槽可以实现两个功能：
1、对应于五通21表面的刻度用于确认五通21旋转角度。
2、用一字螺丝刀插入该开槽并施加侧向力，可以使该开槽一定程度张开以方便五通21的安装。五通21上标记有刻度；刻度用于确认五通21相对于支架22的旋转位置；通过开槽结构11与五通21刻度之间的配合，即便车架1采用的不同尺寸的前叉和轮组，仍然可以通过调整五通21相对于支架22的角度来实现支架22相对于水平面的预设角度，因此，五通21上刻度可以用于确认和校准某一车架型号需要的支架22相对于水平面的角度，以适配多种不同型号的车架，也便于调整支架22的相对位置和角度。
在本实施例中，车架1的管壁上设有弧形榫槽；支架22的端头通过转轴4嵌合于榫槽内；榫槽的侧壁限位支架22围绕转轴4的转动角度；当踩踏力过大时，由于链条对牙盘6的反作用力，支架22与五通21之间克服了摩擦力发生 相对转动，同时带动支架22相对于转轴4发生旋转，旋转到一定的角度后抵住车架1上榫槽的侧壁，从而不再发生旋转，传感器3感受到的压力也不会再增加，进而形成对传感器3的保护。
为实现上述目的，需要进一步测定支架22对五通21的锁紧力度，具体操作如下：在脚踏8上施加一定的力使传感器3的输出值达到最大限值，调整螺钉12的扭矩使五通21正好相对于支架22发生旋转，这时的扭矩值即为设定值，可以在此基础上适当增加安全余量，可实现保护传感器3的目的。
在本实施例中，如图5和图6所示，车架1上设有安装座13；传感器3通过安装座13与车架1相互铰接；并且传感器3与安装座13为弹性铰接；
弹性铰接包括弹簧14和弹簧支架15；弹簧支架15包括衔接杆151和连接座152；
弹簧14套设于衔接杆151上；衔接杆151的一端与连接座152相固定，衔接杆151的另一端插设于安装座13底面的支架衔接孔30内；
传感器3承托于连接座152上；传感器3的端头设有第六安装孔，连接座152的侧壁上设有与第六安装孔相配合的第七安装孔；安装座13两侧呈的侧壁上均设有的腰孔16；通过销轴9贯穿第六安装孔、第七安装孔和腰孔16，并且销轴9的两端分别架设于两侧的腰孔16内，实现传感器3与安装座13的弹性铰接。当骑行者在骑车时，五通21将力传导至传感器3，传感器3若承受的压力达到一定的预定值，销轴9在腰孔16内发生位移，弹簧14被压缩，防止传感器3损坏，弹簧14预设有一定的预压量，该预压量对应传感器3的最大量程，当踩踏力过大导致传感器3的压力超过最大量程时，该保护弹簧14进一步压缩，导致支架22发生旋转并抵住车架1，即前文所述的支架22抵住榫槽的侧壁，进一步避免传感器3受到过大的压力造成损坏。
在本实施例中，如图1和图2所示，车架1上设有控制模块17、速度传感器、助力电机18和蓄电池19；助力电机18与后轮或者前轮驱动连接。
在本实施例中，蓄电池19通过导线与控制模块17实现电连接；控制模块17通过导线与速度传感器和助力电机18实现电连接和信号连接。
车架1上设有传感器线孔31，传感器3通过将导线穿过传感器线孔31，与控制模块17和蓄电池19分别实现信号连接和电连接。
在本实施例中，还应该配置有曲柄转速传感器，曲柄转速传感器应该机械的安装于中轴5或者曲柄7上并信号连接到控制模块17。控制模块17是整辆车的控制中枢，由蓄电池19供电，同时连接显示仪表、扭矩监测传感器3、速度传感器并根据接收到的信息通过一定的助力算法对助力电机18进行相应的动力输出。助力电机18的安装位置不受限制，它可以安装的前轮或者后轮，即常见的轮毂电机，也可以安装在车架1中间部分，即通过齿轮驱动链条位于链轮和飞轮之间的上半部分。
在实际应用过程中，如果采用单速配置，在调整后轮的前后位置时有可能会造成链条张力过大导致传感器3承受了较大的预应力，该预应力可能范围较大，且不在可控范围内，导致控制模块17做出过于激进的动力输出从而造成安全问题，为避免此类问题的发生，车辆在单速配置时应该配有张链器，对链条提供具有弹性的压力以避免较大的链条拉力发生。另外由于链条即便在车辆处于非工作状态下也会对牙盘6形成拉力，可以设定连接五通21的支架22向后倾斜一个较小的角度，这样在五通21在曲柄7以及牙盘6的重力的作用下，其向前的分力会一定程度抵消链条在自然状态下对牙盘6的拉力，使得传感器3处于某种程度上的零点平衡状态与此类似，如果车辆配置了外变速器，链条在外变速器的作用下也会产生对链条格外的拉力，此种情况均可以通过调整支架 22向后倾斜的角度来实现某种程度上的对链条拉力对冲。此外，该较小的向后倾斜角度也可以增加传感器3承受拉力的几率，可以有效避免传感器3长时间的处于压力状态导致的传感器3应力无法完全释放，从而使得传感器3更大程度的摆脱零点漂移效应。
在本实施例中，传感器3可以位于五通组件2的前侧或者后侧；如图8所示，在后侧时，此时踩踏脚踏8时，传感器3受到压力，而刹车时，由于车辆惯性，传感器3感受到的是拉力；
如图7所示，在前测时，此时踩踏脚踏8时，传感器3受到拉力，而刹车时，由于车辆惯性，传感器3感受到的是压力；
五通21位于转轴4的上方或者下方；如图9所示，在上方时，由于抬高了五通21的位置因此适合于小轮车使用，但两种情况下受力情况相同，都是压力或者都是拉力。无论是拉力还是压力，控制器均可以通过算法设计评估骑行者的踩踏力进而设定适当的动力输出。
在本发明中，进行车辆装配时，考虑到转轴4受力较大且受力复杂，为保证转轴4相对于车架1足够坚固，转轴4也可以采用整体式结构，并采用过盈配合的方式预先整体压入车架1对应的孔内；
在安装五通21时先将五通21与传感器3铰接好，再将两个支架22中的一个与五通21铰接好但不锁紧螺钉12，然后另外一端的孔压入转轴4，再把另外一个支架22的两个孔同时压入转轴4和五通21，最后把传感器3与车架1铰接好。为确保装配好的组件足够紧凑，此时需要对两个支架22施加一定的压力使支架22尽量贴近车架1，最后根据五通21上的刻度调整五通21相对支架22的角度到预定值，然后采用设定的扭矩锁紧支架22上的螺钉。作为替代方案，如果将两片支架22与五通21合并为一个零件，仍可实现扭矩测量功能，但在安 装方式会与上述描述有所不同，在安装转轴4时需要转轴4同时贯穿车架1铰接孔和对应的五通21铰接孔，并确保转轴4与车架1是过盈配合，与五通21安装孔是间隙配合，间隙配合的目的是为了确保五通21可以相对转轴4低阻力转动。
上述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不对本发明起到任何限制作用。任何所属技术领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的技术方案的范围内，对本发明揭露的技术方案和技术内容做任何形式的等同替换或修改等变动，均属未脱离本发明的技术方案的内容，仍属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，包括车架、五通组件和传感器；所述五通组件通过转轴与所述车架铰接；所述传感器一端与所述五通组件相互铰接，所述传感器的另一端与所述车架相互铰接；所述传感器、所述车架和所述五通组件形成稳定的三角结构；
    所述五通组件内安装有中轴；所述中轴上套设有牙盘，所述牙盘通过链条与后轮驱动连接；所述中轴的两端均设有曲柄，所述曲柄的底端设有脚踏。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述五通组件包括五通和两片支架，所述支架的一端设有与所述转轴相适配的第一安装孔，所述支架的另一端设有与所述五通相适配的第二安装孔；两片所述支架通过将所述第一安装孔分别套设于所述转轴的两侧，以及将所述第二安装孔分别套设于所述五通的两侧，实现所述支架与所述五通和所述转轴的活动连接；
    所述五通为中空的圆柱体结构，所述中轴插设于所述五通的通孔内，所述中轴与所述五通组件之间预埋有轴承，所述五通的侧壁上设有第三安装孔，所述传感器的端头设有与所述第三安装孔配合的第四安装孔；通过销轴贯穿所述第三安装孔和所述第四安装孔，实现所述五通与所述传感器的铰接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述转轴与所述第一安装孔之间设置滚珠轴承或者润滑油；所述转轴两端固定有防护盖，所述车架与所述支架之间预设有低阻力垫片，所述低阻力垫片套设于所述转轴上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述转轴为分体式转轴，包括左半转轴和右半转轴，所述左半转轴与所述右半转轴对接后，通过螺钉旋拧于所述左半转轴与所述右半转轴相对的螺孔内实现 固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述五通上标记有刻度。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述第一安装孔和所述第二安装孔均为开槽结构，槽口的一端设有通孔，另一端设有螺纹孔，螺钉贯穿所述通孔旋拧于所述螺纹孔内；通过调整螺钉的扭矩，调整所述槽口的开合角度，从而控制所述第一安装孔和所述第二安装孔的孔径。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述车架的管壁上设有弧形榫槽；所述支架的端头通过所述转轴嵌合于所述榫槽内；所述榫槽的侧壁限位所述支架围绕所述转轴的转动角度。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述车架上设有安装座；所述传感器通过所述安装座与所述车架相互铰接；并且所述传感器与所述安装座为弹性铰接；
    所述弹性铰接包括弹簧和弹簧支架；所述弹簧支架包括衔接杆和连接座；
    所述弹簧套设于所述衔接杆上；所述衔接杆的一端与所述连接座相固定，所述衔接杆的另一端插设于所述安装座底面的支架衔接孔内；
    所述传感器承托于所述连接座上；所述传感器的端头设有第六安装孔，所述连接座的侧壁上设有与所述第六安装孔相配合的第七安装孔；所述安装座两侧的侧壁上均设有的腰孔；通过销轴贯穿所述第六安装孔、第七安装孔和腰孔，并且所述销轴的两端分别架设于两侧的所述腰孔内，实现所述传感器与所述安装座的弹性铰接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述车架上设有控制模块、速度传感器、助力电机和蓄电池；所述助力电机与 后轮或者前轮驱动连接；所述速度传感器安装于所述中轴上，用于感应所述中轴的转速；所述蓄电池通过导线与所述控制模块实现电连接；所述控制模块通过导线与所述速度传感器和所述助力电机实现电连接和信号连接；
    所述车架上设有传感器线孔，所述传感器通过将导线穿过所述传感器线孔，与所述控制模块实现信号连接和电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的传感器与助力自行车的连接结构，其特征在于，所述传感器位于所述五通组件的前侧或者后侧；所述五通位于所述转轴的上方或者下方。
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