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WO2020233647A1 - 一种含有微胶囊的除草组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种含有微胶囊的除草组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020233647A1
WO2020233647A1 PCT/CN2020/091450 CN2020091450W WO2020233647A1 WO 2020233647 A1 WO2020233647 A1 WO 2020233647A1 CN 2020091450 W CN2020091450 W CN 2020091450W WO 2020233647 A1 WO2020233647 A1 WO 2020233647A1
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Prior art keywords
herbicidal
herbicidal composition
active substance
composition according
oxadiazon
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PCT/CN2020/091450
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2020233647A8 (zh
Inventor
罗昌炎
詹姆斯•T•布里斯托
Original Assignee
江苏龙灯化学有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏龙灯化学有限公司 filed Critical 江苏龙灯化学有限公司
Priority to TW109121519A priority Critical patent/TW202143840A/zh
Publication of WO2020233647A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233647A1/zh
Publication of WO2020233647A8 publication Critical patent/WO2020233647A8/zh
Priority to CONC2021/0017563A priority patent/CO2021017563A2/es

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/82Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A01N25/28Microcapsules or nanocapsules
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
    • A01N33/18Nitro compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/18Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N37/26Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group; Thio analogues thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pesticide formulations, in particular to a herbicidal composition comprising microencapsulated oxadiazon and a second herbicidal active with a melting point lower than 90°C, and an optional microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated first Three herbicidal active substances; the present invention also relates to a method for applying the herbicidal composition to reduce damage to crop leaves and achieve weed control before planting or emergence of crops.
  • Oxadiazon also known as Nongsita, is an organic heterocyclic contact type herbicide for water and drought in the bud stage. It was developed and promoted by Rhone Planck in France in the early 1970s. As an excellent herbicide, oxadiazon is widely used in crop protection. At present, the main promotion dosage forms of this medicine are 12.5% emulsion and 25% emulsion. However, after the application of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation, if it encounters heavy rain or improper irrigation, it can cause a certain degree of phytotoxicity to the crop, and reports in this regard have occurred from time to time.
  • oxadiazolone herbicides such as the oxadiazone herbicide shown in the following formula, can simultaneously obtain commercially acceptable weed control and commercially acceptable crop damage herbicide compositions and methods. demand.
  • CN102388864B discloses a pesticide microcapsule, which is composed of a capsule core and a capsule wall, wherein the capsule core is a pesticide, specifically selected from clethodim, fluroxypyr, dimethenamid, oxyfluorfen, and diflufenican He Cao Ling, etc.;
  • the capsule wall is a composite capsule wall formed by encapsulating natural fibers with a polymer material;
  • CN106818734A discloses a microcapsule preparation including a microcapsule shell and a pesticide activity encapsulated in the microcapsule shell Ingredients, the pesticide active ingredients include pyraclostrobin, abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin.
  • the active compound can be dissolved in a solvent to keep the active compound in the oil phase at an interfacial polymerization temperature lower than its melting point.
  • solubility of oxadiazon in conventional solvents is low, which limits the content of oxadiazon and the second herbicidal active substance that can be included in the herbicidal composition.
  • the present invention surprisingly discovered that mixing oxadiazon and a second herbicidal active substance with a melting point lower than 90°C and heating to obtain a mixture containing oxadiazon in a molten state and a second herbicidal active substance with a melting point lower than 90°C,
  • the melting point of this mixture is lower than the melting point of the individual compounds of oxadiazon and the second herbicidal active. This allows the subsequent interfacial polymerization reaction to proceed safely at temperatures below 60°C.
  • the present invention creatively combines the biological activity characteristics and physicochemical properties of oxadiazon to the defects that exist in the preparation of microcapsules.
  • the interfacial polymerization reaction can be lower than 60
  • the reaction occurs safely at a temperature of °C; and the content of oxadiazon in the herbicidal composition is greatly increased.
  • the melt can maintain a molten state for a long time, which improves the stability of the herbicidal composition.
  • the present invention provides a herbicidal composition containing microcapsules, the herbicidal composition comprising microencapsulated oxadiazone and a second herbicidal active, and optionally a microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated first Three herbicidal actives; and the second herbicidal active has a melting point lower than 90°C.
  • microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated third herbicidal active substance means that the third herbicidal active substance can be simultaneously encapsulated in microcapsules containing oxadiazone and the second herbicidal active substance It can also be used as a separate herbicidal active substance, not encapsulated in microcapsules containing oxadiazon and a second herbicidal active substance.
  • the second herbicidal active substance is selected from pendimethalin, oxadiazon, clomazone, oxyfluorfen, carfentrazone-ethyl, clethodim, cyhalofop-butyl, dimethoprim, and wild carbamide , Pafentrazone, Tetrafentrazone, Fluprofen-ethyl, Flufenacet, Buclofenone, Cyclofen, Sethoxypyr, Pyraclavone, Cyclofenazone, Aclofen, Cloflufen, oxyfluorfen, lactofop-p-ethyl, fluroxypyr, clodinafop-propargyl, sylparaf, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, diflufen-p-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, fluorothiazide Acetochlor, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor,
  • the second herbicidal active is selected from the group consisting of oxadiazon, pendimethalin, acetochlor, butachlor, oxyfluorfen, metolachlor, fine metolachlor, flufenacet Any one or a combination of at least two of amine, clethodim, clomazone, saraphos, fluoxypyr or fluroxypyr, and pendimethalin is particularly preferred.
  • the mass ratio of the second herbicidal active substance to oxadiazon is 1:10-10:1, preferably 1:5-5:1.
  • the mass ratio of the second herbicidal active substance to oxadiazon may be, for example, 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1. :2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1.
  • the microcapsules may also contain one or more solvents; and the weight ratio of the herbicidal active substance to the solvent in the microcapsules is 1:10-10:1, for example, it may be 1:10, 1. :9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 , 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, preferably 1:5-5:1, more preferably 1:2.5-2.5:1.
  • the one or more solvents contained in the microcapsules are selected from aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, isooctyl palmitate, methyl oleate, hydrogenated rosin, polymerized rosin, rosin esters or hydrogenated rosin, and polyhydroxy alcohol esters.
  • the capsule wall is made of a porous polymer capsule wall material
  • the polymer shell wall material is selected from polyurea, polyurethane, polyamide, polycarbonate, polysulfonamide, urea formaldehyde, melamine resin, melamine urea resin , Gelatin, gum arabic cross-linked and uncross-linked combination.
  • the microcapsule wall material of the present invention may preferably contain polyurea; polyurea is a polyurea shell wall obtained by the reaction of polyisocyanate and polyamine.
  • the polyamine has two or more amino groups per molecule; the polyisocyanate has two or more isocyanate groups per molecule.
  • mechanical release microcapsule rupture
  • the release of the herbicidal active substance is controlled by the capsule wall of the microcapsule.
  • Microcapsules can be prepared by encapsulating oxadiazon in the capsule wall.
  • the polyamine component and the polyisocyanate component need to contain an excess molar equivalent of the amine group concentration compared to the isocyanate group to react the polyamine component and the polyisocyanate component to form the wall of the microcapsule.
  • the molar ratio of amine molar equivalent concentration to isocyanate molar equivalent concentration can be calculated according to the following equation:
  • the amine molar equivalent includes the sum of the amine molar equivalents of all polyamines in the reaction medium;
  • the polyisocyanate equivalent includes the sum of the molar equivalents of all isocyanates in the reaction medium.
  • the polymer shell wall material is a polyurea shell wall obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate as a first wall forming component and a polyamine as a second wall forming component.
  • the preferred polyisocyanate as the first wall forming component can be selected from tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethylene-4,4 '-Diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate, 2,4,4' diphenyl ether triisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 3,3 '-Dimethoxy-4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate and 4,4',4′′-triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
  • Preferred polyisocyanate first wall The forming component is toluene diisocyanate or polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate.
  • the polyamine as the second wall forming component can be selected from ethylene diamine, 1,3-propane diamine, butane diamine, pentane diamine, hexamethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, Pentaethylene hexaamine, 4,9-dioxazoldodecane-1,12-diamine, 1,3-phenylenediamine, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine and 4,4' -Diaminodiphenylmethane or its acid addition salt.
  • the preferred polyamines of the present invention are selected from ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine.
  • the polyisocyanate is preferably polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, diphenylmethane isocyanate, polymethylene diphenyl isocyanate, and toluene diisocyanate.
  • the polyamine is preferably ethylenediamine, diethyltriamine, triethylenetetramine, 1,6-hexanediamine, triethylamine, and tetraethylenepentamine.
  • the ratio of the molar equivalent of amine contained in the polyamine to the molar equivalent of isocyanate contained in the polyisocyanate is at least 1.1:1.
  • the ratio of the molar equivalent of amine contained in the polyamine to the molar equivalent of isocyanate contained in the polyisocyanate is 1.15:1 to 1.3:1.
  • the weight of the capsule wall accounts for 10%-30% of the microcapsule, for example, it can be 10%, 12%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, preferably 2%-10%. It has been found that controlling the weight of the capsule wall is easy to control the release rate of oxadiazon.
  • the average diameter of the microcapsule particles is 1-25 microns, preferably 2-10 microns, more preferably 3-7 microns.
  • the particle size of the microcapsules can be controlled by controlling the reaction conditions such as mixing speed, shear force, and mixing time.
  • the content of the herbicidal active substance (meaning all herbicidal active substances in the herbicidal composition) is 15%-70%, for example, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. %, 35%, 40%, 45%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, preferably 20%-66%, more preferably 25%-60%.
  • the present invention can also optionally include a third herbicidal active substance, which is the same as or different from the second herbicidal active substance; preferably the same as the second herbicidal active substance.
  • the third herbicidal active substance can be: acetochlor, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, aclonifen, Alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, clopyridin ( Aminopyralid, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, ancymidol, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, fluridone (azafenidin), azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron, bentazone, benzfendizone, benzobicyclon ), benzofenap, benzofluor, bicyclopyrone, bispyribacsodium, bromoxynil, butafenacil, butafenacil (butralin), cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone, chlorimuron (chlorimuron, chlorimuron-e
  • the weight ratio of the third herbicidal active substance to the oxadiazon and the second herbicidal active substance can be selected by those skilled in the art within a reasonable range according to actual needs, and the present invention does not specifically limit it.
  • the herbicidal composition containing microencapsulated oxadiazon provided by the present invention can achieve the purpose of the present invention by controlling the combination of two or more of the following variables: (1) the molar equivalent ratio of polyamine to polyisocyanate; (2) ) The weight ratio of the capsule wall to the weight of the microcapsules; (3) The particle size of the microcapsules; (4) The weight ratio of oxadiazon to the solvent.
  • the release rate of oxadiazon from the encapsulated microcapsules can be controlled by selecting the properties and composition of the microcapsules and selecting the above-mentioned variable parameters. Therefore, it is possible to apply the herbicidal composition of the present invention before planting crops or before crop emergence, which can simultaneously give commercially acceptable weed control and commercially acceptable crop damage.
  • the release rate distribution of the herbicidal composition provided by the present invention provides commercially acceptable crop safety and weed control.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the herbicidal composition containing microcapsules, which comprises the following steps:
  • i) Provide a mixed oil phase containing oxadiazone in a molten state, a second herbicidal active, a first cystic wall component, and optionally one or more solvents;
  • ii) Provide an aqueous phase containing water and optionally one or more surfactants
  • the temperature of the interfacial polymerization reaction is between 25°C and 60°C, for example, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C.
  • Suitable methods for interfacial polymerization methods for preparing microcapsules containing pesticide compounds have been disclosed in the prior art, for example, US3577515A1, US4280833A1, US5049182A1, WO95/13698A1, WO03/099005A1, EP619073A1 or EO1109450A1, refer to all of these patents.
  • the obtained microcapsules containing oxadiazon and the second herbicidal active substance are mixed with the optional third herbicidal active component in the presence of at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.
  • the optional third herbicidal active component in the presence of at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.
  • the agriculturally acceptable additives include liquid diluents or carriers, solid diluents or carriers, emulsifiers, dispersants, thickeners, and stabilizers.
  • the liquid diluent or carrier is usually: aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene or alkyl naphthalene, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, vinyl chloride or methylene chloride, aliphatic alkanes such as cyclohexane Alkanes or paraffins such as petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or ethylene glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, N-methylpyrrolidone, very strong Solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, or water.
  • aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene or alkyl naphthalene
  • chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, vinyl chloride or
  • the solid diluent or carrier is: for example, ammonium salts and crushed natural minerals such as kaolin, clay, talc, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or silicate, and crushed synthetic minerals such as highly dispersed two Silicon oxide, silicon oxide and silicate.
  • Suitable emulsifiers are: for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, such as alkyl aryl polyglycol ether, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, aromatic Sulfonate, or protein hydrolysate.
  • Suitable dispersants are: for example, lignosulfite waste liquor and methyl cellulose.
  • Tackifiers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, and natural and synthetic polymers in powder, granule or latex form, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate or natural phospholipids, such as cephalin and lecithin, can be used, and Synthetic phospholipids.
  • Other additives are mineral oil and vegetable oil.
  • the present invention also provides a method for controlling weeds in a crop field, the method comprising applying the herbicidal composition containing microcapsules of the present invention to the field in a herbicidal effective amount, and (i) in a planting place The herbicidal composition is applied to the field before the crop or (ii) before the crop emerges.
  • the weeds mainly include gramineous weeds, such as brome, Aegilops, wild oats, and sylvestris; broadleaf weeds, such as Sorrel, Artemisia sowing, Shepherd's Purse, Zeqi, Granny, and Oats Family father and so on.
  • gramineous weeds such as brome, Aegilops, wild oats, and sylvestris
  • broadleaf weeds such as Sorrel, Artemisia sowing, Shepherd's Purse, Zeqi, Granny, and Oats Family father and so on.
  • the herbicidal composition containing microcapsules provided by the present invention provides more lasting control of weeds.
  • the present invention also provides a method for reducing crop damage.
  • the herbicidal composition containing microcapsules of the present invention is applied to the field (i) before planting the crop or (ii) before the crop emerges.
  • the active ingredients infiltrate due to rain washing, which will cause certain phytotoxicity to the germinated seed crops.
  • applying the herbicidal composition containing microcapsules provided by the present invention to the field before planting the crop or before the emergence of the crop can significantly reduce the damage of oxadiazon to the crop.
  • the crop is selected from soybean, cotton, peanut, rice, wheat, rape, alfalfa, sugar cane, sorghum and sunflower.
  • oxadiazon and a second herbicidal active substance having a melting point lower than 90°C are mixed, and heated to obtain a mixture containing oxadiazon in a molten state and the second herbicidal active substance, and the melting point of the mixture is lower than that of oxadiazon. Melting point of a single compound of chlorfenazone and the second herbicidal active. This allows the subsequent interfacial polymerization reaction to be completed safely at less than 60°C;
  • the present invention greatly increases the content of oxadiazon in the herbicidal composition by obtaining a mixture of oxadiazon in a molten state and a second herbicidal active substance with a melting point lower than 90°C;
  • the present invention improves the storage stability of the herbicidal composition by providing a mixture containing oxadiazon in a molten state and a second herbicidal active substance with a melting point lower than 90°C, and microencapsulating the mixture;
  • the herbicidal composition containing microcapsules provided by the present invention significantly reduces the damage of oxadiazon to crops and provides a more lasting control of weeds.
  • This embodiment provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon and pendimethalin as the core, and the composition is shown in the following table.
  • the preparation method of the microcapsule suspension is:
  • This embodiment provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon and pendimethalin as the core, and the composition is shown in the following table:
  • Example 1 According to the preparation method of Example 1, a microcapsule suspension of 21% oxadiazone + 36% pendimethalin was prepared.
  • This embodiment provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon and butachlor as the core, and its composition is shown in the following table:
  • Example 1 According to the preparation method of Example 1, a microcapsule suspension of 8% oxadiazon + 45% butachlor was prepared.
  • This embodiment provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon and pendimethalin as the core, and the composition is shown in the following table:
  • the preparation method of the microcapsule suspension is:
  • This embodiment provides a composite formulation of microcapsules with oxadiazon and pendimethalin as the core and sulcotrione suspension, the composition is shown in the following table:
  • the preparation method of the compound dosage form includes the following steps:
  • This example provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon and pretilachlor as the core, and its composition is shown in the following table:
  • the preparation method of the microcapsule suspension is:
  • This embodiment provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon and acetochlor as the core, and its composition is shown in the following table:
  • the preparation method of the microcapsule suspension is:
  • This comparative example provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon as the core, and its composition is shown in the following table:
  • the preparation method of the microcapsule suspension includes the following steps:
  • This comparative example provides a microcapsule suspension with oxadiazon and fluroxypyr as the core, the composition is shown in the following table:
  • the preparation method of the microcapsule suspension includes the following steps:
  • the present invention mixes oxadiazon and a second herbicidal active substance with a melting point lower than 90°C, and heats the mixture to obtain a mixture containing oxadiazon in a molten state and the second herbicidal active substance, which has a low melting point It is based on the melting point of the single compound of oxadiazon and the second herbicidal active.
  • the subsequent interfacial polymerization reaction to be completed safely at less than 60°C; by obtaining a mixture of oxadiazon and the second herbicidal active substance in a molten state, the content of oxadiazon in the herbicidal composition is greatly improved Content; by providing a mixture containing oxadiazon and a second herbicidal active substance in a molten state, and microencapsulating the mixture; improving the storage stability of the herbicidal composition; the present invention provides a microcapsule containing The herbicidal composition significantly reduces the damage of oxadiazon to crops and provides longer-lasting control of weeds.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

提供一种含有微胶囊的除草组合物,所述除草组合物包含微胶囊封的噁草酮和第二除草活性物,以及可选的微胶囊封的或非微胶囊封的第三除草活性物;且所述第二除草活性物熔点低于90℃。还提供利用该制剂产品来减少对作物叶片的损伤并且控制作物田杂草。

Description

一种含有微胶囊的除草组合物及其制备方法和用途
交叉引用
本申请要求发明名称为“一种含有微胶囊的除草组合物及其制备方法和用途”于2019年5月21日提交到中国专利局的中国专利申请201910425066.8的优先权,其内容通过引用以整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及农药制剂领域,具体涉及一种除草组合物包含微胶囊封的噁草酮和熔点低于90℃的第二除草活性物,以及可选的微胶囊封的或非微胶囊封的第三除草活性物;本发明还涉及在种植作物之前或者作物出苗施用所述的除草组合物来降低对作物叶片的损伤和达到杂草控制的方法。
背景技术
噁草酮,又称农思它,是一种有机杂环类触杀型水、旱两用的芽期除草剂,70年代初由法国罗纳·普朗克公司研制推广。作为优秀的除草剂,噁草酮在作物保护上广泛使用。现在该药剂主要的推广剂型为12.5%乳剂和25%乳剂。然而,该乳油制剂在施用后,如果遇到大雨或者灌溉不当,可导致对作物产生一定程度的药害,关于这方面的报道时有发生。例如唐鹏春在《农药》上发表的名为:“奈安缓解水稻田除草剂药害试验”的文章报道,“噁草酮·丁草胺乳油”在我国东北地区的水稻田封闭除草极易出现药害,通过在该产品中添加安全剂奈安,解毒作用明显。在旱田作物中,例如玉米、小麦中,也有噁草酮使用不当造成的药害报道。
因此,使用噁二唑酮类除草剂,例如下式所示的噁草酮除草剂从而可同时获得商业上可接受的杂草控制和商业上可接受的作物损伤的除草剂组合物和方法存在需求。
Figure PCTCN2020091450-appb-000001
微胶囊技术作为一种新型的制剂技术,在农药缓释、定向释放方面的应用越来越广泛。CN102388864B中公开了一种农药微胶囊,由囊芯和囊壁组成, 其中囊芯为农药,具体选自烯草酮、氟草烟、二甲噻草胺、乙氧氟草醚和精吡氟禾草灵等;囊壁由高分子材料包封天然纤维形成的复合囊壁;CN106818734A中公开了一种微胶囊制剂,包括微胶囊壳体和被包封在所述微胶囊壳体内的农药活性成分,所述农药活性成分包括吡唑醚菌酯、阿维菌素和高效氯氟氰菊酯。
发明内容
针对如何解决噁草酮对目标作物存在一定的药害,特别是作物田在使用含有噁草酮的药剂后,在多雨或者过度灌溉条件下药害更加严重的技术问题。将噁草酮通过微胶囊包裹缓慢释放来降低噁草酮对作物的损伤是一种有效的方法。但是一个具有挑战性的技术难题是,噁草酮的熔点为87℃,而成囊过程中发生界面聚合反应的温度低于60℃较为安全;这使得需要保证在发生界面聚合反应时,噁草酮在低于60℃的反应温度下,仍旧可以保持油相状态。
通常情况下,可以通过将活性化合物溶解在溶剂中,以保持活性化合物在低于其熔点的界面聚合反应温度下保持油相。但是噁草酮在常规溶剂中的溶解度较低,这限制了除草组合物中可以包含的噁草酮和第二除草活性物的含量。
本发明惊讶的发现,将噁草酮和熔点低于90℃的第二除草活性物混合,并加热得到含处于熔融状态的噁草酮和熔点低于90℃的第二除草活性物的混合物,该混合物的熔点低于噁草酮和第二除草活性物的单个化合物的熔点。这使得接下来的界面聚合反应可以在低于60℃的温度下安全进行。
本发明创造性的结合了噁草酮的生物活性特点和理化性质对制备微胶囊时存在的缺陷,通过将噁草酮与第二除草活性物以熔融状态存在,可以使得界面聚合反应在低于60℃的温度下安全的发生反应;并且较大幅度地提高了噁草酮在除草组合物中的含量。而且该熔融物能较长时间保持熔融状态,改善了所述除草组合物的稳定性。
因此,本发明提供一种含有微胶囊的除草组合物,所述除草组合物包含微胶囊封的噁草酮和第二除草活性物,以及可选的微胶囊封的或非微胶囊封的第三除草活性物;且所述第二除草活性物熔点低于90℃。
本文中,“可选的微胶囊封的或非微胶囊封的第三除草活性物”意指可将第三 除草活性物同时囊封在包含噁草酮和第二除草活性物的微胶囊内,也可以作为单独的除草活性物,不囊封在包含噁草酮和第二除草活性物的微胶囊内。
所述第二除草活性物选自二甲戊灵、噁草酮、异噁草酮、乙氧氟草醚、唑酮草酯、烯草酮、氰氟草酯、哌草丹、野燕畏、双唑草腈、四唑酰草胺、氟丙嘧草酯、氟胺草酯、丁苯草酮、噻草酮、稀禾啶、吡喃草酮、环苯草酮、苯草醚、氯氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚、乳氟禾草灵、氟草烟、炔草酯、莎稗磷、精噁唑禾草灵、精吡氟禾草灵、精喹禾灵、氟噻草胺、乙草胺、甲草胺、丁草胺、吡草胺、异丙甲草胺、高效异丙甲草胺、丙草胺、异丙草胺、甲氧噻草胺、氟乐灵、杀草丹或茚草酮中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
特别优选的是第二除草活性物选自噁草酮、二甲戊灵、乙草胺、丁草胺、乙氧氟草醚、异丙甲草胺、精异丙甲草胺、氟噻草胺、烯草酮、异噁草松、莎稗磷、精吡氟禾草灵或氟草烟中的任意一种或至少两种的组合,特别优选二甲戊灵。
所述第二除草活性物与噁草酮的质量比为1:10-10:1,优选1:5-5:1。
所述第二除草活性物与噁草酮的质量比例如可以是1:10、1:9、1:8、1:7,1:6、1:5、1:4、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1、5:1、6:1、7:1、8:1、9:1、10:1。
可选择的,所述微胶囊内还可以含有一种或多种溶剂;且所述微胶囊内除草活性物与溶剂的重量比为1:10-10:1,例如可以是1:10、1:9、1:8、1:7,1:6、1:5、1:4、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1、5:1、6:1、7:1、8:1、9:1、10:1,优选1:5-5:1,更优选1:2.5-2.5:1。
所述微胶囊内含有的一种或多种溶剂选自芳烃溶剂、棕榈酸异辛酯、油酸甲酯、氢化松香、聚合松香、松香酯或氢化松香、多羟基醇酯。
所述微胶囊,其囊壁为多孔聚合物囊壁材料,所述聚合物壳壁材料选自聚脲、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚磺酰胺、尿素甲醛、三聚氰胺树脂、三聚氰胺尿素树脂、明胶、阿拉伯树胶交联和未交联的组合。
本发明的微胶囊囊壁材料可优选包含聚脲;聚脲为聚异氰酸酯与多胺反应得到的聚脲壳壁。其中所述的多胺每个分子具有两个或多个氨基;所述的聚异 氰酸酯每个分子具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯基团。优选在不需要机械释放(微胶囊破裂)的情况下,由该微胶囊的囊壁控制除草活性物质的释放。
微胶囊可通过将噁草酮包封在囊壁中来制备。在反应介质中,需包含相比于异氰酸酯基过量摩尔当量的胺基的浓度来使的多胺组分和聚异氰酸酯组分反应而形成微胶囊的囊壁。可根据以下等式计算胺摩尔当量浓度与异氰酸酯摩尔当量浓度的摩尔比:
摩尔当量比=胺摩尔当量/聚异氰酸酯摩尔当量
上式中,胺摩尔当量包括反应介质中所有多胺的胺摩尔当量的总和;聚异氰酸酯当量包括反应介质中所有异氰酸酯摩尔当量的总和。
所述聚合物壳壁材料为以作为第一壁形成组分的聚异氰酸酯与第二壁形成组分的多胺反应得到的聚脲壳壁。
作为第一壁形成组分的优选聚异氰酸酯,可以选自四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烯基-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、聚亚甲基聚亚苯基异氰酸酯、2,4,4'二苯醚三异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二苯基二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲氧基-4,4'-二苯基二异氰酸酯、1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯和4,4',4″-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯。优选的聚异氰酸酯第一壁形成组分是甲苯二异氰酸酯或聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯。
作为第二壁形成组分的多胺可以选自乙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、五亚乙基六胺、4,9-二恶唑十二烷-1,12-二胺、1,3-苯二胺、2,4-和2,6-甲苯二胺和4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷或其酸加成盐。本发明的优选多胺选自乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺和四乙烯五胺。
所述聚异氰酸酯优选多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷异氰酸酯、多亚甲基二苯基异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯。
所述多胺优选乙二胺、二乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、1,6-己二胺、三乙胺、四乙烯五胺。
所述多胺中含有的胺摩尔当量与在所述聚异氰酸酯中含有的异氰酸酯摩尔当量的比率为至少1.1:1。
所述多胺中含有的胺摩尔当量与在所述聚异氰酸酯中含有的异氰酸酯摩尔当量的比率为1.15:1-1.3:1。
所述微胶囊中,其囊壁的重量占微胶囊的10%-30%,例如可以是10%、12%、15%、20%、25%、30%,优选2%-10%。已经发现,控制囊壁的重量易于控制噁草酮的释放速率。
本发明所述微胶囊,其微胶囊粒子平均直径为1-25微米,优选2-10微米,更优选3-7微米。通常可以通过控制反应条件例如混合速度、剪切力、混合时间来控制微胶囊的粒径。
本发明所述的除草组合物中,所述除草活性物(意指除草组合物中的所有除草活性物)的含量为15%-70%,例如可以是15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、55%、60%、65%、70%,优选20%-66%,更优选25%-60%。
本发明还可选择的包含第三除草活性物,所述第三除草活性物与第二除草活性物相同或不同;优选为与第二除草活性物相同。
第三除草活性物可以是:乙草胺(acetochlor)、活化酯(acibenzolar)、苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、三氟羧草醚(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、甲草胺(alachlor)、二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、禾草灭(alloxydim)、莠灭净(ametryn)、氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、酰嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、杀草强(amitrole)、氨基磺酸铵(ammonium sulfamate)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、磺草灵(asulam)、莠去津(atrazine)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、呋草黄(benfuresate)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron)、灭草松(bentazone)、双苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、双环磺草酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、氟磺胺草(benzofluor)、氟吡草酮(bicyclopyrone)、双草醚(bispyribacsodium)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、仲丁灵(butralin)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、双酰草胺(carbetamide)、唑草酯(carfentrazone)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron,chlorimuron-ethyl)、矮壮素(chlormequat chloride)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、醚磺隆(cinosulfuron)、烯草酮(clethodim)、异噁草松(clomazone)、氯甲酰草胺(clomeprop)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、氰草津 (cyanazine)、环丙酸酰胺(cyclanilide)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、环唑草胺(cyprazole)、杀草隆(daimuron,dymron)、麦草畏(dicamba)、禾草灵(diclofop-methyl)、精禾草灵(diclofop-P-methyl)、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、乙酰甲草胺(diethatyl,diethatyl-ethyl)、吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr,diflufenzopyr-sodium)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、双苯酰草胺(diphenamid)、异丙净(dipropetryn)、敌草快(diquat)、敌草隆(diuron)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron、ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙烯利(ethephon)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、乙氧嘧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、精噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P)、吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-butyl)、精吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-P-butyl)、异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone,flucarbazone-sodium)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、炔草胺(flumipropyn)、氟草隆(fluometuron)、三氟硝草醚(fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen,fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(fluroxypyr)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、噻唑草酰胺(fluthiamide)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、草铵磷(glufosinate,glufosinate-ammonium)、草铵磷-P(glufosinate-P,glufosinate-P-ammonium)、草铵磷-P-钠盐(glufosinate-P-sodium)、草甘膦(glyphosate)、草甘膦异丙铵盐(glyphosate-isopropylammonium)、氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop)、精氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop-P)、氟吡乙禾灵(haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl)、精氟吡乙禾灵(haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl)、氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-methyl)、精氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-P-methyl)、环嗪酮(hexazinone)、咪草酸(imazamethabenz,imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草烟(imazamox,imazamox-ammonium)、甲咪 唑烟酸(imazapic)、咪唑烟酸(imazapyr,imazapyr-isopropylammonium)、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin,imazaquin-ammonium)、咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr,imazethapyr-ammonium)、唑吡嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、抗倒胺(inabenfide)、茚草酮(indanofan)、碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron,iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、异噁酰草胺(isoxaben)、异噁氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、异噁草醚(isoxapyrifop)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、环草定(lenacil)、苯噻酰草胺(mefenacet)、氯磺酰草胺(mefluidide)、甲哌啶(mepiquat-chloride)、甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron,mesosulfuron-methyl)、甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、吡唑草胺(metazachlor)、灭草唑(methazole)、甲硫嘧磺隆(methiopyrsulfuron)、苯草酮(methoxyphenone)、甲基杀草隆(methyldymron)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、精异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、嗪草酮(metribuzin)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron,metsulfuron-methyl)、禾草敌(molinate)、单嘧磺隆(monosulfuron)、单嘧磺隆酯(monosulfuron ester)、灭草隆(monuron)、敌草胺(napropamide)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、、噁草酮(oxadiazon)、环氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、噁嗪草酮(oxaziclomefone)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、多效唑(paclobutrazol)、百草枯(paraquat,paraquat dichloride)、环戊噁草酮(pentoxazone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、氨氯吡啶酸(picloram)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、哌草磷(piperophos)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、氟唑草胺(profluazol)、环丙氟灵(prifluraline)、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、扑草净(prometryn)、敌稗(propanil)、扑灭津(propazine)、苯胺灵(propham)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、嗪咪唑嘧磺(propyrisulfuron)、炔苯酰草胺(propyzamide)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、丙炔草胺(prynachlor)、吡草醚(pyraflufen,pyraflufen-ethyl)、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron、pyrazosulfuron-ethyl))、异丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-isopropyl)、丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-propyl)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、环酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac,pyriminobac-methyl)、吡丙醚(pyrimisulfan)、嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium)、pyroxasulfone、甲氧磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、二氯喹啉酸(quinchlorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)、精喹禾灵乙酯(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、砜嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、苯嘧磺草胺(saflufenacil)、仲丁通(secbumeton)、烯禾啶(sethoxydim)、环草隆(siduron)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron,sulfometuron-methyl)、噻苯隆(thidiazuron)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron,thifensulfuron-methyl)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、三嗪氟草胺(triaziflam)、苯磺隆(tribenuron,tribenuron-methyl)、三氯乙酸(TCA)、三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)、灭草环(tridiphane)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron,trifloxysulfuron-sodium)、氟乐灵(trifluralin)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)、氟胺磺隆甲酯(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三甲隆(trimeturon)、抗倒酯(trinexapac,trinexapac-ethyl)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、烯效唑(uniconazole)。
第三除草活性物与噁草酮和第二除草活性物的重量配比,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要在合理范围内进行选择,本发明不做特殊限定。
本发明提供的含微胶囊封的噁草酮的除草组合物可通过控制以下两个或多个变量的组合来实现本发明的目的:(1)多胺与聚异氰酸酯的摩尔当量比;(2)囊壁的重量与微胶囊的重量比;(3)微胶囊的粒度;(4)噁草酮与溶剂的重量比。
可通过选择微胶囊的性质和组成并选择上述的可变的参数来控制噁草酮从包封的微胶囊中释放的速率。因此,可以获得在种植作物之前或者作物出苗前施用本发明的除草组合物,可同时给予商业上可接受的杂草控制和商业上可接受的作物损伤。
本发明提供的除草组合物释放速率分布提供了商业上可接受的作物安全性和对杂草的防效。
本发明还提供了一种制备所述含有微胶囊的除草组合物的方法,包含以下步骤:
i)提供含有熔融状态的噁草酮和第二除草活性物、第一成囊壁组分、可选 的一种或多种溶剂的混合油相;
ii)提供含有水且选择性含有一种或多种表面活性剂的水相;
iii)将上述混合油相与所述水相合并,以形成所述油相在连续水相中的分散
液;
iv)向上述分散液中加入第二成囊壁组分,使所述第一成囊壁组分与第二成囊壁组分发生界面聚合,从而包裹所述油相的液滴;且所述界面聚合反应的温度为25℃-60℃;
v)将上述所得的含噁草酮与第二除草活性物的微胶囊与可选的第三除草活性组分在至少一种农业上可接受的添加剂存在下混合制成所述含有微胶囊的除草组合物;
优选地,所述界面聚合反应的温度在25℃-60℃之间,例如可以是25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃。
用于制备含有农药化合物的微胶囊的界面聚合方法的合适方法已公开于现有技术中,例如US3577515A1,US4280833A1,US5049182A1,WO95/13698A1,WO03/099005A1,EP619073A1或EO1109450A1,参考全部这些专利。
所述的除草组合物的制备方法中,所得的含噁草酮与第二除草活性物的微胶囊与可选的第三除草活性组分在至少一种农业上可接受的添加剂存在下混合制成所述含有微胶囊的除草组合物。
所述的农业上可接受的添加剂包含液体稀释剂或载体、固体稀释剂或载体、乳化剂、分散剂、增粘剂、稳定剂。
所述的液体稀释剂或载体通常为:芳香族化合物例如二甲苯,甲苯或烷基萘,氯化芳香族化合物或氯化脂肪烃例如氯苯,氯乙烯或二氯甲烷,脂肪烷烃例如环己烷或石蜡例如石油馏分,矿物及植物油,醇例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚及酯,酮例如丙酮,甲乙酮,甲基异丁基酮或环己酮,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,强极性溶剂例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜,或水。
所述的固体稀释剂或载体为:例如铵盐及粉碎的天然矿物,例如高岭土、粘土、滑石粉、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅酸盐,以及粉碎的合成矿物例如 高分散二氧化硅、氧化硅及硅酸盐。
适合的乳化剂为:例如非离子及阴离子乳化剂,例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚,烷基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,芳基磺酸盐,或蛋白质水解产物。适合的分散剂为:例如木质素亚硫酸盐废液及甲基纤维素。
可使用增粘剂例如羧甲基纤维素,及粉末、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然及合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇及聚乙酸乙烯酯或天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂及卵磷脂,及合成磷脂。其它添加剂为矿物油及植物油。
本发明还提供一种在作物的田地中控制杂草的方法,所述方法包括将本发明所述的含有微胶囊的除草组合物以除草有效量施用至田地中,并且(i)在种植所述作物之前或者(ii)所述作物出苗前将所述除草组合物施用至田地。
所述杂草主要包含禾本科杂草,例如雀麦、节节麦、野燕麦、看麦娘;阔叶科杂草,例如猪殃殃、播娘蒿、荠菜、泽漆、婆婆纳、麦家公等。
本发明提供的含有微胶囊的除草组合物,提供了对杂草更持久的控制。
本发明还提供一种降低作物损伤的方法,将本发明所述的含有微胶囊的除草组合物(i)在种植作物之前或者(ii)作物出苗前施用至田地。
对于市场上常见的噁草酮单剂,例如EC产品,在遇到大雨或过量灌溉时,由于雨水冲刷导致活性成分渗入,对萌发的种子作物会产生一定药害。而将本发明提供的含有微胶囊的除草组合物在种植作物之前或者作物出苗前施用至田地可以明显降低噁草酮对作物的损伤。
所述作物选自大豆、棉花、花生、水稻、小麦、油菜、苜蓿、甘蔗、高粱和向日葵。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明将噁草酮和熔点低于90℃的第二除草活性物混合,并加热得到含处于熔融状态的噁草酮和第二除草活性物的混合物,该混合物的熔点低于噁草酮和第二除草活性物的单个化合物的熔点。这使得接下来的界面聚合反应可以在低于60℃下安全的完成;
(2)本发明通过获得熔融状态下的噁草酮和熔点低于90℃的第二除草活性物混合物,较大幅度地提高了噁草酮在除草组合物中的含量;
(3)本发明通过提供含熔融状态的噁草酮和熔点低于90℃的第二除草活性物混合物,并微胶囊封所述的混合物,改善了所述除草组合物的贮存稳定性;
(4)本发明所提供的含有微胶囊的除草组合物显著降低噁草酮对作物的损伤,并提供了对杂草更持久的控制。
具体实施方式
为便于理解本发明,本发明列举实施例如下。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种由噁草酮和二甲戊灵为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示。
组分 含量
噁草酮 10%
二甲戊灵 25%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 6%
二乙烯三胺 2.6%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
所述微胶囊悬浮剂的制备方法为:
加热噁草酮、二甲戊灵、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯混合物使熔融成液体的油相备用,将木质素磺酸盐、消泡剂、加入到约一半的水中,作为水相备用;将水相加热到55℃,油相在剪切的条件下滴加到水相中,使得油珠平均粒径在6μm左右,在剪切的条件下缓慢滴加二乙烯三胺,直至完全微囊化,整个反应过程保持55-58℃的水温,冷却上述液体至室温,将剩余一半的水、黄原胶、杀菌剂、pH调节剂加入到上述液体中,搅拌均匀得到10%噁草酮+25%二甲戊灵的微胶 囊悬浮剂。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种由噁草酮和二甲戊灵为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 21%
二甲戊灵 36%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 8.4%
二乙烯三胺 3.6%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
按实施例1的制备方法制备得到21%噁草酮+36%二甲戊灵的微胶囊悬浮剂。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种由噁草酮和丁草胺为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 8%
丁草胺 45%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 8.2%
二乙烯三胺 3.8%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
按实施例1的制备方法制备得到8%噁草酮+45%丁草胺的微胶囊悬浮剂。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种由噁草酮和二甲戊灵为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 10%
二甲戊灵 25%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 7%
棕榈酸异辛酯 10%
1,6-己二胺 3.5%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
所述微胶囊悬浮剂的制备方法为:
加热噁草酮、二甲戊灵、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、棕榈酸异辛酯混合物成液体油相备用,将木质素磺酸盐、消泡剂、加入到一半的水中,作为水相备用;将水相加热到50℃,油相在剪切的条件下滴加到水相中,使得油珠平均粒径在 6μm左右,在剪切的条件下缓慢滴加1,6-己二胺,直至完全微囊化,整个反应过程保持50-56℃的水温,冷却上述液体至室温,将剩余的水、黄原胶、杀菌剂、pH调节剂加入到上述液体中,搅拌均匀得到10%噁草酮+25%二甲戊灵的微胶囊悬浮剂。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种以噁草酮与二甲戊灵为核心的微胶囊与磺酸草酮悬浮剂的复配剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 6%
二甲戊灵 33%
硝磺草酮 15%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 6%
二乙烯三胺 2.6%
水质素磺酸盐 3%
聚羧酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
p H调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
所述复配剂型的制备方法包括如下步骤:
加热噁草酮、二甲戊灵、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯混合物使熔融成液体的油相备用,将一半的木质素磺酸盐、一半的消泡剂、加入到一半的水中,作为水相备用;将水相加热到45℃,油相在剪切的条件下滴加到水相中,使得油珠平均粒径在5μm左右,在剪切的条件下缓慢滴加二乙烯三胺,直至完全微囊化,整个反应过程保持45-50℃的水温,冷却上述液体至室温,将硝磺草酮、剩余量的水、剩余量的木质素磺酸盐、聚羧酸盐、黄原胶、杀菌剂、pH调节剂通过砂磨制备成硝磺草酮的悬浮剂,将微囊化的产品与硝磺草酮悬浮剂混合搅拌均匀得到6%噁草酮+33%二甲戊灵+15%硝磺草酮微胶囊悬浮-复配剂。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种由噁草酮和丙草胺为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 10%
丙草胺 35%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 7%
三乙胺 2%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
所述微胶囊悬浮剂的制备方法为:
加热噁草酮、丙草胺、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯混合物使熔融成液体的油相备用,将木质素磺酸盐、消泡剂、加入到一半的水中,作为水相备用;将水相加热到48℃,油相在剪切的条件下滴加到水相中,使得油珠平均粒径在4μm左右,在剪切的条件下缓慢滴加三乙胺,直至完全微囊化,整个反应过程保持48-52℃的水温,冷却上述液体至室温,将剩余的水、黄原胶、杀菌剂、pH调节剂加入到上述液体中,搅拌均匀得到10%噁草酮+35%丙草胺微胶囊悬浮剂。
实施例7
本实施例提供了一种由噁草酮和乙草胺为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 9%
乙草胺 45%
二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 8%
1,6-己二胺 4.2%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
所述微胶囊悬浮剂的制备方法为:
加热噁草酮、乙草胺、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯混合物使熔融成液体的油相备用,将木质素磺酸盐、消泡剂、加入到一半的水中,作为水相备用;将水相加热到48℃,油相在剪切的条件下滴加到水相中,使得油珠粒径平均粒径在5μm左右,在剪切的条件下缓慢滴加1,6-己二胺,直至完全微囊化,整个反应过程保持48-52℃的水温,冷却上述液体至室温,将剩余的水、黄原胶、杀菌剂、pH调节剂加入到上述液体中,搅拌均匀得到9%噁草酮+45%乙草胺的微胶囊悬浮剂。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种以噁草酮为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 10%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 3%
二乙烯三胺 1.3%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
所述微胶囊悬浮剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
加热噁草酮、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯混合物使熔融成液体的油相备用,将木质素磺酸盐、消泡剂、加入到一半的水中,作为水相备用;将水相加热到60℃,油相在剪切的条件下滴加到水相中,油珠逐渐形成结晶颗粒物而发生沉降,此过程中结晶颗粒继续增长直至肉眼即可观察到颗粒物,无法继续进行微囊化过程,本方法无法制备出合格的噁草酮微胶囊悬浮剂。
对比例2
本对比例提供了一种以噁草酮和氟吡草胺为核心的微胶囊悬浮剂,组成如下表所示:
组分 含量
噁草酮 10%
氟吡草胺 25%
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯 6%
二乙烯三胺 2.6%
木质素磺酸盐 3%
丙二醇 5%
消泡剂 0.2%
杀菌剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
pH调节剂 2%
去离子水 补齐100%
所述微胶囊悬浮剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
加热噁草酮、氟吡草胺、多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯混合物使熔融成液体的油相备用,将木质素磺酸盐、消泡剂、加入到一半的水中,作为水相备用;将水相加热到60℃,油相在剪切的条件下滴加到水相中,油珠逐渐形成结晶颗粒物而发生沉降,此过程中结晶颗粒继续增长直至肉眼即可观察到颗粒物,无法继续进行微囊化过程,本方法无法制备出合格的噁草酮和氟吡草胺的微胶囊悬浮剂。
综上所述,本发明将噁草酮和熔点低于90℃的第二除草活性物混合,并加热得到含处于熔融状态的噁草酮和第二除草活性物的混合物,该混合物的熔点低于噁草酮和第二除草活性物的单个化合物的熔点。这使得接下来的界面聚合反 应可以在低于60℃下安全的完成;通过获得熔融状态下的噁草酮和第二除草活性物混合物,较大幅度地提高了噁草酮在除草组合物中的含量;通过提供含熔融状态的噁草酮和第二除草活性物混合物,并微胶囊封装所述的混合物;改善了所述除草组合物的贮存稳定性;本发明所提供的含有微胶囊的除草组合物显著降低噁草酮对作物的损伤,并提供了对杂草更持久的控制。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种含有微胶囊的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草组合物包含微胶囊封的噁草酮和第二除草活性物,以及可选的微胶囊封的或非微胶囊封的第三除草活性物;且所述第二除草活性物熔点低于90℃。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述第三除草活性物与第二除草活性物相同或不同,优选为与第二除草活性物相同。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述第二除草活性物包括二甲戊灵、噁草酮、异噁草酮、乙氧氟草醚、唑酮草酯、烯草酮、氰氟草酯、哌草丹、野燕畏、双唑草腈、四唑酰草胺、氟丙嘧草酯、氟胺草酯、丁苯草酮、噻草酮、稀禾啶、吡喃草酮、环苯草酮、苯草醚、氯氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚、乳氟禾草灵、氟草烟、炔草酯、精噁唑禾草灵、精吡氟禾草灵、精喹禾灵、氟噻草胺、乙草胺、甲草胺、丁草胺、吡草胺、莎稗磷、异丙甲草胺、高效异丙甲草胺、丙草胺、异丙草胺、甲氧噻草胺、氟乐灵、杀草丹或茚草酮中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述第二除草活性物选自噁草酮、二甲戊灵、乙草胺、丁草胺、乙氧氟草醚、异丙甲草胺、精异丙甲草胺、氟噻草胺、烯草酮、异噁草松、莎稗磷、精吡氟禾草灵或氟草烟中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述第二除草活性物与噁草酮的质量比为1:10-10:1,优选1:5-5:1。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述微胶囊内噁草酮和所述第二除草活性物以熔融状态存在。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述微胶囊内还含有一种或多种溶剂;且所述微胶囊内除草活性物与溶剂的重量比为1:10-10:1,优选1:5-5:1,更优选1:2.5-2.5:1。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述微胶囊内含有的一种或多种溶剂选自芳烃溶剂、棕榈酸异辛酯、油酸甲酯、氢化松香、聚合松香、松香酯或氢化松香或多羟基醇酯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述微胶囊,其囊壁为多孔聚合物囊壁材料,所述聚合物囊壁材料选自聚脲、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚 碳酸酯、聚磺酰胺、尿素甲醛、三聚氰胺树脂、三聚氰胺尿素树脂、明胶、阿拉伯树胶交联和未交联的组合。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述微胶囊,其囊壁的重量占微胶囊的10%-30%,优选15%-25%。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述聚合物囊壁材料为以聚异氰酸酯与多胺反应得到的聚脲囊壁。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述多胺中含有的胺摩尔当量与在所述聚异氰酸酯中含有的异氰酸酯摩尔当量的比率为至少1.1:1。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述多胺中含有的胺摩尔当量与在所述聚异氰酸酯中含有的异氰酸酯摩尔当量的比率为1.15:1-1.3:1。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述聚异氰酸酯选自多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷异氰酸酯、多亚甲基二苯基异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述多胺选自乙二胺、二乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、1,6-己二胺、三乙胺或四乙烯五胺中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述微胶囊,其微胶囊粒子平均直径为1-25微米,优选2-10微米,更优选3-7微米。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草活性物的含量为15%-70%,优选20%-66%,更优选25%-60%。
  18. 一种制备权利要求1-17任一项所述含有微胶囊的除草组合物的方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
    i)提供含有熔融状态的噁草酮和第二除草活性物、第一成囊壁组分、可选的一种或多种溶剂的混合油相;
    ii)提供含有水且选择性含有一种或多种表面活性剂的水相;
    iii)将上述混合油相与所述水相合并,以形成所述油相在连续水相中的分散液;
    iv)向上述分散液中加入第二成囊壁组分,使所述第一成囊壁组分与第二成 囊壁组分发生界面聚合,从而包裹所述油相的液滴;且所述界面聚合反应的温度为25℃-60℃;
    v)将上述所得的含噁草酮与第二除草活性物的微胶囊与可选的第三除草活性组分在至少一种农业上可接受的添加剂存在下混合制成所述含有微胶囊的除草组合物。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一成囊壁组分为聚异氰酸酯;所述第二成囊壁组分为多胺。
  20. 一种在作物的田地中控制杂草的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的含有微胶囊的除草组合物以除草有效量施用至田地中,并且(i)在种植所述作物之前或者(ii)所述作物出苗前将所述除草组合物施用至田地。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述作物选自大豆、棉花、花生、水稻、小麦、油菜、苜蓿、甘蔗、高粱和向日葵。
  22. 一种降低作物损伤的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的含有微胶囊的除草组合物(i)在种植作物之前或者(ii)作物出苗前施用至田地。
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