WO2020136920A1 - 制振材 - Google Patents
制振材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020136920A1 WO2020136920A1 PCT/JP2019/002329 JP2019002329W WO2020136920A1 WO 2020136920 A1 WO2020136920 A1 WO 2020136920A1 JP 2019002329 W JP2019002329 W JP 2019002329W WO 2020136920 A1 WO2020136920 A1 WO 2020136920A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- viscoelastic
- constraining
- damping material
- strain
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/30—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium
- F16F9/306—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium with solid or semi-solid material, e.g. pasty masses, as damping medium of the constrained layer type, i.e. comprising one or more constrained viscoelastic layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
- B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
- B60R13/0815—Acoustic or thermal insulation of passenger compartments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
- F16F2224/0208—Alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/001—Specific functional characteristics in numerical form or in the form of equations
- F16F2228/005—Material properties, e.g. moduli
- F16F2228/007—Material properties, e.g. moduli of solids, e.g. hardness
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibration damping material, and more particularly to a vibration damping material for automobiles.
- Metal plates such as thin steel plates and aluminum plates are generally used as structural members in automobiles and electric products.
- vibration damping performance vibration damping performance
- Such a damping structure is roughly classified into a structure called an unconstrained type in which a viscoelastic material is simply pasted on one surface or both surfaces of a metal plate and a viscoelastic material on the opposite side of the metal plate.
- a constrained type in which a constraining plate such as a metal plate or a polymer material is further attached to the surface of the (non-patent document 1).
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a first carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer and a first carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer are laminated on one surface of the first carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer.
- the thickness of the fiber reinforced plastic layer is smaller than the thickness of the first carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer, and the first damping layer has the same orientation as the carbon fibers contained in the second carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer.
- a carbon fiber reinforced plastic molded product characterized in that voids extending in the intersecting direction are provided.
- the first damping layer is made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic molded body. Since it is arranged on the surface side from the center, the decrease in bending elastic modulus of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic molded product is suppressed, and since the predetermined voids are provided, the expansion of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer and the contraction of the damping layer are suppressed. The stress caused by is relieved by the voids, and as a result, even when the second carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer is thinly formed, the surface of the second carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer can be formed during the molding of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic molded body. It is described that the occurrence of distortion is prevented.
- the general structure of an automobile is to have an engine room in the front, a trunk room in the rear, and a passenger compartment in the middle. There are driver's seat, passenger seat and rear seat in the guest room.
- dash insulators, floor carpets, floor spacers, trunk trims, and trunk floors are installed in the cabin so as to cover the outside of the automobile interior.
- These parts are uneven according to the shape of the vehicle body and the design of the parts. It is molded into the shape of a circle.
- a front fender liner, a rear fender liner, and an undercover formed in a concavo-convex shape for controlling the flow of air are installed on the exterior under the vehicle body.
- a thermoplastic resin is used as a material, and this material is heated and press-molded by a mold having a shape of the part to finish into an uneven part having a plurality of portions having different thicknesses.
- Noise transmitted from the inside of a vehicle includes noise from windows, noise from tires, noise from under the vehicle, noise from engine noise, noise from motor noise, and the like.
- the noise generated from the automobile is transmitted to the passenger compartment through the vibration of the air or the vibration of the object, but the noise mainly transmitted through the vibration of the object is transmitted by the damping structure described above. Since the light is shielded, it is possible to exhibit sufficient acoustic performance with respect to noise generated by the automobile. On the other hand, it is important to reduce fuel consumption, and it is required to reduce the weight of interior and exterior parts of automobiles.
- Non-Patent Document 1 in an unrestrained vibration damping structure, the thicker the viscoelastic material, the higher the vibration damping performance. There is a problem in that the thickness of the material becomes so large that it is not practical.
- the vibration damping performance is maximized when the metal plate used as the restraint plate and the metal plate of the substrate have the same thickness.
- a damping layer is also provided between the carbon fiber reinforced plastic molding and the panel. Since it is necessary to further provide a (viscoelastic layer), a plurality of CFRP layers and a plurality of viscoelastic layers are laminated on the panel, which also poses a problem that weight reduction is difficult.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a vibration damping material that can exhibit excellent vibration damping performance and can be reduced in weight.
- the present invention is a vibration damping material comprising a viscoelastic layer and a constraining layer provided on one surface of the viscoelastic layer, wherein the viscoelastic layer of the constraining layer.
- the relation between the strain ⁇ a on the side opposite to and the strain ⁇ b on the side of the constraining layer in contact with the viscoelastic layer is 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- the constraining layer may have a multilayer structure including at least a core layer in which cylindrical cells are arranged in a plurality of rows.
- the tubular cell may have a polygonal tubular shape such as a substantially square tubular shape or a substantially hexagonal tubular shape, or a curved tubular shape such as a substantially cylindrical shape or an approximately elliptic cylindrical shape.
- Each of the cells of the core layer has a closed surface at one end and an open end at the other end, the internal space of the cell communicating with the outside by the open end of the cell, It is preferable that the open ends are arranged such that rows of adjacent cells are arranged every other row on both surfaces of the core layer.
- the open end, the one-sided closed surface, and the other-sided closed surface are polygonal shapes such as a substantially quadrangular shape and a hexagonal shape, or a curve such as a substantially circular shape or a substantially elliptical shape. It may have a shape.
- the constraining layer may further include film layers provided on both surfaces of the core layer. Each of the film layers may have a plurality of apertures therethrough.
- the thickness of the viscoelastic layer may be in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm.
- the constraining layer may be formed in a panel shape so that the viscoelastic layer has a uniform thickness. That is, the constraining layer is not limited to a flat shape, and may have a shape such as a curved shape or a corrugated shape corresponding to the shape of the panel.
- the relationship between the strain ⁇ a and the strain ⁇ b is preferably 0.2 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 0.7.
- the viscoelastic layer may be partially provided on the surface of the constraining layer in contact with the viscoelastic layer.
- the constraining layer may have a multi-layer structure including a fiber layer on a side of the constraining layer that is in contact with the viscoelastic layer.
- the constraining layer may have a multi-layer structure including a metal layer on the side of the constraining layer opposite to the side in contact with the viscoelastic layer.
- the damping material according to the present invention has a strain ratio of a strain ⁇ a of a surface of the constraining layer provided on the viscoelastic layer on the side opposite to the viscoelastic layer and a strain ⁇ b of the surface on the side in contact with the viscoelastic layer.
- ⁇ a/ ⁇ b to satisfy the expression of 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1
- the bending center axis of the constraining layer is in the direction opposite to the viscoelastic layer from the center position of the constraining layer thickness. Therefore, the vibration damping performance of the vibration damping material can be improved. Therefore, even if the constraining layer is made of a resin material without forming the constraining layer as a thick metal plate, it is possible to exhibit excellent vibration damping performance. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the weight while having high rigidity. It will be possible.
- the constraining layer has a multilayer structure including at least the core layer in which the tubular cells are arranged in a plurality of rows, whereby excellent vibration damping performance can be exhibited, It is possible to reduce the weight while having high rigidity.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a damping material according to the present invention
- (b) is a schematic view showing a position of a bending neutral axis when the damping material is bent.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional drawing of embodiment of the damping material shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view which shows the core layer in the damping material which concerns on this invention.
- (A)-(c) is a back view showing various embodiments of a damping material concerning the present invention. It is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of a damping material concerning the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which expands and shows a partial cross section of embodiment of the damping material shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the measuring method of the strain of the damping material which concerns on this invention.
- (A) is a schematic diagram explaining the measuring method of the loss coefficient of the damping material which concerns on this invention
- (b) is a graph which calculates
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB schematically showing an example of a state.
- the vibration damping material of the first embodiment includes a constraining layer 100 and a viscoelastic layer 200 provided on one surface of the constraining layer 100, as shown in FIG.
- the damping material of the present invention is used so that the viscoelastic layer 200 side is located on the side of the noise source, that is, the damping material of the present invention places the viscoelastic layer 200 on the panel 300 side of the vehicle body. It is installed and installed inside the vehicle.
- the ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b of the strain ⁇ a of the surface 100a on the side opposite to the viscoelastic layer 200 and the strain ⁇ b of the surface 100b on the side in contact with the viscoelastic layer 200 is 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1. It satisfies the formula. Since the constraining layer 100 has a strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b that satisfies the above equation, when the damping material installed on the panel 300 is bent (that is, subjected to vibrations as shown in FIG. 1B).
- the bending center axis NA of the constraining layer 100 moves in the direction opposite to the viscoelastic layer 200 with respect to the center position of the thickness of the constraining layer 100, so that the damping performance of the damping material is improved. Can be improved.
- the constraining layer 100 is not particularly limited as long as the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b satisfies the above formula, but may be, for example, a multilayer structure having two or more layers.
- Each layer of the multilayer structure may be made of a material such as a metal material, a synthetic resin material, or a fiber reinforced resin material, and these materials may be, for example, a solid film layer or a hollow film layer. You may make it a core layer, a nonwoven fabric layer, or a foam layer. All layers may be the same material or different materials. Further, all layers may have the same structure or different structures.
- the constraining layer 100 can be made to have a strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b satisfying the above formula by changing the material for each layer, changing the configuration or thickness of each layer, or performing surface treatment.
- the lower limit of ⁇ a/ ⁇ b is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.15 or more, even more preferably 0.2 or more.
- the upper limit of ⁇ a/ ⁇ b is preferably 0.95 or less, more preferably 0.7 or less, and further preferably 0.5 or less.
- the viscoelastic layer 200 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material normally used for the viscoelastic layer in the vibration damping material, and for example, a rubber material or an elastomer material may be used.
- a rubber material include butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, chloroprene rubber, and the like.
- the elastomer material include olefin elastomers and isobutylene elastomers.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the viscoelastic layer 200 is, for example, preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more, and further preferably 2 mm or more, from the viewpoint of panel followability.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the viscoelastic layer 200 is, for example, preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 4 mm or less, further preferably 3 mm or less, and most preferably 2 mm or less.
- the vibration damping performance can be improved by providing the viscoelastic layer 200 with the constraining layer 100 having the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b that satisfies the expression of 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- the noise transmitted mainly through the vibration of the object can be shielded, and sufficient sound insulation performance can be exhibited.
- the vibration damping material of the second embodiment includes a core layer 10 having a hollow structure, a first film layer 40 provided on one surface of the core layer 10, The second film layer 50 provided on the other surface of the core layer 10 and the viscoelastic layer 200 in contact with the second film layer 50 are provided.
- the multilayer structure including the core layer 10 and the first and second film layers 40 and 50 serves as the constraining layer 100 of the above-described first embodiment. That is, the ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b of the strain ⁇ a of the surface of the constraining layer 100 on the first film layer 40 side and the strain ⁇ b of the surface of the second film layer 50 side is expressed by the formula 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1. Fulfill.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- the core layer 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is a core layer that is normally used for a soundproofing material or a sound absorbing material, such as a core layer in which tubular cells are arranged in a plurality of rows. It is preferable to use a core layer.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a manufacturing process of the core material that becomes the core layer 10. The manufacturing method of this core material is described in detail in WO 2006/053407, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the core material 1 is formed by thermoforming a flat sheet of material by a roller (not shown) having a predetermined mold, and by plastic deformation without substantially cutting the sheet. ..
- the material of the core material 1 is not limited to these, but for example, a thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a composite material with fibers, paper, metal, or the like is used.
- a thermoplastic resin is preferable. In this embodiment, the case where a thermoplastic resin is used will be described.
- the thickness of the material sheet is not limited to this, but is preferably in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.50 mm, and the thickness of the core material 1 after thermoforming is substantially the same.
- the core material 1 has a three-dimensional structure in which peaks 11 and valleys 12 are alternately arranged in the width direction X orthogonal to the manufacturing direction Y.
- the peak portion 11 is composed of two side surfaces 13 and a top surface 17 between them
- the valley portion 12 is composed of two side surfaces 13 shared by the adjacent peak portions 11 and a bottom surface 14 therebetween.
- the shape of the mountain portion 11 is a trapezoid as shown in FIG. 4 will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and in addition to polygons such as triangles and rectangles, sinusoidal curves and A curved shape such as an bow shape may be used.
- the core material 1 is provided with the above three-dimensional structure so as to be continuous in the manufacturing direction Y. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of peaks 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are continuously formed in the manufacturing direction Y.
- the valleys 12 are similarly formed continuously.
- the connection between the peaks 11 and the connection between the valleys 12 are made by alternately repeating two types of connection methods.
- the first connection method is such that, on the first folding line X1 in the width direction, the top surfaces 17b and 17c of two adjacent ridges 11b and 11c are trapezoidal ridge connection surfaces.
- the connection is made via 15b and 15c.
- the mountain connecting surface 15 is formed at an angle perpendicular to the top surface 17.
- the bottom surfaces 14b and 14c of two adjacent valley portions are directly connected.
- the second connection method as shown in FIG. 4, the bottom faces 14a and 14b (or 14c and 14d) of two adjacent valley portions are trapezoidal valley portions on the second folding line X2 in the width direction.
- the connection is made via the connection surfaces 16a, 16b (or 16c, 16d).
- the valley connecting surface 16 is formed at a right angle to the bottom surface 14.
- the top surfaces 12a and 12b (or 12c and 12d) of two adjacent mountain portions are directly connected.
- the core material 1 a plurality of three-dimensional structures (peak portion 11, valley portion 12) are connected via the connection region (peak portion connecting surface 15, valley connecting surface 16), and the connecting region is folded.
- the core layer of the vibration damping material of the present invention is formed.
- the first folding line X1 is a mountain fold, and the bottom surfaces 14b and 14c of two adjacent valley portions are overlapped with each other through the back surface thereof, and the mountain portion connecting surface 15b of two adjacent mountain portions, Fold it so that the angle formed by 15c opens up to 180 degrees.
- the second folding line X2 is a valley fold, and the top surfaces 17a and 17b (or 17c and 17d) of two adjacent peak portions overlap each other, and the valley connection surfaces 16a and 16b (of the two adjacent valley portions). Or, it is folded so that the angle formed by 16c and 16d) is closed up to 180 degrees.
- the core layer 10 of the vibration damping material of the present invention obtained by folding the core material 1 in this manner is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the core layer 10 is provided with cells 20 each having a substantially hexagonal tubular shape and arranged in a plurality of rows, and cells formed by two adjacent crests in every other row. 20A, 20C, 20E and cells 20B, 20D formed from two adjacent valleys are arranged.
- the broken line 18 in FIG. 6 is the surface that was the back surface of the core material, and generally indicates the inner wall of the cell 20 having a substantially hexagonal tubular shape.
- Each of the cells 20A, 20C, and 20E formed from the peak portion has six cell side walls forming a substantially hexagonal tubular shape, and these cell side walls are formed by two top surfaces 17 and four side surfaces 13 of the cell material. It is a thing. Further, these cells 20A, 20C, 20E are substantially hexagonal cylindrical closed surfaces 21A for closing the cell ends at the cell ends of the one surface 10a of the core layer 10 (the surface on the front side in FIG. 5), 21C and 21E, one of which is the closing surface 21 which is formed by two trapezoidal crest connecting surfaces 15 in the cell material.
- these cells 20A, 20C, 20E are provided with open ends 22A, 22C, 22E opened in a substantially hexagonal shape at the cell ends of the other surface 10b opposite to the core layer 10.
- the open ends 22A, 22C, and 22E allow the internal spaces of the cells 20A, 20C, and 20E to communicate with the outside.
- Each of the cells 20B and 20D formed from the valley portion also has six cell side walls forming a substantially hexagonal tubular shape, and these cell side walls are formed by two bottom surfaces 14 and four side surfaces 13 of the cell material. is there.
- these cells 20B and 20D are provided with open ends 22B and 22D that are opened in a substantially hexagonal shape at the cell ends of the one surface 10a of the core layer 10.
- the open ends 22B and 22D allow the internal spaces of the cells 20B and 20D to communicate with the outside.
- these cells 20B, 20D are provided with substantially hexagonal cylindrical closed surfaces 21B, 21D for closing the cell ends at the cell ends of the other surface 10b opposite to the core layer 10, respectively.
- the closing surface 21 of is formed by two trapezoidal valley connecting surfaces 16 of cell material, respectively.
- the core layer 10 has the one side closed surfaces 21A, 21C, and 21E formed by the crests of the cell material in every other row at the cell end portion of the one surface 10a, and the other surface 10b of the other surface 10b.
- the cell end has the other side closing surfaces 21B and 21D formed from the valleys in the cell material in a row of cells different from the above, but unless otherwise specified, the one side closing surface, Both of the closing surfaces 21 on the other side have substantially the same function.
- the total thickness of the core layer 10 varies depending on which part of the automobile the damping material is used, and is not limited to the following, but from the viewpoint of the sound absorption performance of the core layer 10 itself, the strength of the core layer 10, and the weight, it is 3 mm. To 50 mm is preferable, and 5 mm to 30 mm is more preferable.
- Basis weight of the core layer 10 (weight per unit area), because the change in or used damping material where the components of an automobile, but are not limited to, a range of 400 g / m 2 from 4000 g / m 2 preferably , 500 g/m 2 to 3000 g/m 2 is more preferable.
- the basis weight of the core layer 10 includes not only the type of material of the core layer 10, the thickness of the entire core layer 10 and the wall thickness of the cells 20 (thickness of the material sheet), but also the pitches Pcx and Pcy between the cells 20 of the core layer 10. It can also be adjusted by (distance between center axes of cells).
- the pitch Pcy between the cells 20 in the direction in which the cells 20 are adjacent to each other in a row in the core manufacturing direction Y is set in the range of 2 mm to 20 mm.
- the range is preferably 3 mm to 15 mm, more preferably 4 mm to 10 mm.
- the first and second film layers 40, 50 Change the material, thickness, and Young's modulus.
- the material of the first and second film layers 40 and 50 is not limited to these, but for example, a resin film of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), or the like is used. be able to.
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PA polyamide
- the same material may be used for the first film layer 40 and the second film layer 50, or different materials may be used so that the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b satisfies the above formula.
- the thickness of the first and second film layers 40, 50 is not particularly limited, but for example, the lower limit thereof is preferably 0.03 mm or more, more preferably 0.04 mm or more, further preferably 0.05 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.4 mm or less, and further preferably 0.3 mm or less.
- the first film layer 40 and the second film layer 50 may have the same thickness, or may have different thicknesses so that the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b satisfies the above formula.
- the first and second film layers 40 and 50 may be heat-welded and adhered to the core layer 10, or may be adhered via an adhesive (not shown).
- the adhesive is not particularly limited, but, for example, an epoxy or acrylic adhesive can be used.
- each of the first and second film layers 40 and 50 may have a three-layer structure and include a central layer and two adhesive layers located on both sides thereof.
- a material having a melting point lower than that of the material used for the central layer is used as the material of the adhesive layer.
- polyamide having a melting point of 190° C. to 220° C. for the central layer and polyethylene having a melting point of 90° C. to 130° C. for the adhesive layer the first and second film layers 40, 50 are made into cores.
- the temperature at the time of heating when laminating to the layer 10 or the viscoelastic layer 200 and the temperature at which the damping material is thermoformed into a predetermined shape are set to about 150° C. to 160° C., the central layer is not melted and bonded. Only the layer can be melted and firmly bonded to the core layer 10.
- a resin having a melting point higher than that of polyethylene for the adhesive layer there is polypropylene in addition to polyamide.
- Each of the first and second film layers 40 and 50 may be breathable having a plurality of openings penetrating the layers, or may be non-breathable without such openings.
- the strain ⁇ on the film layer side surface provided with the openings can be increased, and the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b described above can be easily controlled.
- the opening is performed before the first or second film layer 40 or 50 is attached to the core layer 10, for example, hot needle or punching (male and female types). It is preferable that the hole shape is such that the burr of the hole is suppressed as much as possible in order to prevent the hole from being closed by punching using.
- the aperture pattern is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to arrange in a staggered arrangement or a lattice arrangement.
- the porosity of the first or second film layer 40, 50 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.2% to 5%.
- the diameter of the aperture is preferably in the range of 0.25 mm to 2.5 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm.
- the pitch of the openings in the first or second film layer 40, 50 does not necessarily have to match the pitch Pcx, Pcy of the cell 20 of the core layer 10 shown in FIG. When the second film layers 40 and 50 are attached to the core layer 10, it is not always necessary to align the openings with the cells 20.
- the pitch of the openings of the first or second film layers 40, 50 is preferably smaller than the pitch of the cells 20 of the core layer 10 in at least either the X direction or the Y direction.
- the constraining layer 100 is provided with the first and second film layers 40 and 50 on both surfaces of the core layer 10 in which the open ends and the closed surfaces are arranged every other row. It is possible to provide a vibration damping material that achieves the same effects as those of the above embodiment and that can reduce the weight even if high rigidity is imparted.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It is not limited.
- the vibration damping material of the third embodiment as shown in each example of FIGS. 7A to 7C, the viscoelastic layer 200 is partially formed on the surface 100b of the constraining layer 100 which is in contact with the viscoelastic layer. It is provided in.
- the same components as those in the first and second embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- a plurality of linear viscoelastic layers 200A may be arranged in parallel with the surface 100b of the constraining layer 100 on the side in contact with the viscoelastic layer.
- a curved viscoelastic layer 200B such as an S shape may be provided on the surface 100b of the constraining layer 100 on the side in contact with the viscoelastic layer.
- a plurality of rectangular viscoelastic layers 200C may be arranged in a grid pattern on the surface 100b of the constraining layer 100 that is in contact with the viscoelastic layer, or in a staggered pattern. You may arrange.
- the area of the surface of the viscoelastic layer 200 in contact with the constraining layer 100 is preferably in the range of 5% to 50% of the area of the surface of the constraining layer 100 on the viscoelastic layer 200 side. % To 20% is more preferable.
- the viscoelastic layer 200 is partially provided on the surface 100b of the constraining layer 100 that is in contact with the viscoelastic layer, so that even if the amount of use of the viscoelastic layer 200 is suppressed, Also, the same effect as that of the second embodiment can be obtained.
- the vibration damping material of the fourth embodiment includes a core layer 10, a first film layer 40 provided on one surface of the core layer 10, and a core layer 10.
- the second film layer 50, the fiber layer 60, and the viscoelastic layer 200 that are in contact with the fiber layer 60 are provided in this order on the other surface.
- the multilayer structure including the core layer 10, the first and second film layers 40 and 50, and the fiber layer 60 serves as the constraining layer 100 of the above-described first embodiment.
- the ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b of the strain ⁇ a on the surface of the constraining layer 100 on the first film layer 40 side and the strain ⁇ b on the surface of the fiber layer 60 side satisfies the expression of 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- the same components as those in the first to third embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- the fiber layer 60 is provided between the second film layer 50 and the viscoelastic layer 200.
- the fiber layer 60 is not particularly limited as long as it maintains the above-described strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b within a predetermined range, and for example, a resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or the like. It is preferable to use various non-woven fabrics such as spunbond, spunlace, needle punch, etc., which use fibers.
- the basis weight of the fiber layer 60 is not particularly limited as long as the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b described above is maintained within a predetermined range. For example, the range of 10 g/m 2 to 600 g/m 2 is preferable, and 20 g/m. more preferably in the range of 500 g / m 2 from 2, more preferably ranging from 30 g / m 2 of 300 g / m 2.
- the fiber layer 60 and the second film layer 50 can be bonded to each other by the heat-welding property of the second film layer 50 or by using an adhesive.
- the fiber layer 60 and the viscoelastic layer 200 can be adhered to each other due to the viscosity of the viscoelastic layer 200.
- the constraining layer 100 by providing the constraining layer 100 so that the fibrous layer 60 is in contact with the viscoelastic layer 200, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and as shown in FIG. Since the fibers 62 of the fiber layer 60 of the constraining layer 100 enter the inside of the viscoelastic layer 200 and are bonded to each other, mixing of the fibers into the viscoelastic layer 200 improves the vibration damping effect, and the constraining layer 100 and the viscoelastic layer It is possible to obtain the effect of improving the adhesive strength with the layer 200.
- the vibration damping material of the fifth embodiment includes a core layer 10, a first film layer 40 and a metal layer 70 sequentially provided on one surface of the core layer 10, and a core layer.
- the second film layer 50 provided on the other surface of the film 10, and the viscoelastic layer 200 in contact with the second film layer 50.
- the multilayer structure including the core layer 10, the first and second film layers 40 and 50, and the metal layer 70 serves as the constraining layer 100 of the first embodiment described above. That is, the ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b between the strain ⁇ a on the metal layer 70 side of the constraining layer 100 and the strain ⁇ b on the second film layer 50 side satisfies the equation of 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- the same components as those in the first to third embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- the metal layer 70 is provided on the surface side of the first film layer 40.
- the metal layer 70 is not particularly limited as long as it maintains the above-described strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b within a predetermined range, but for example, it is preferable to use a metal thin film such as a steel plate or an aluminum foil or a copper foil.
- the thickness of the metal layer 70 is not particularly limited as long as the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b described above is maintained within a predetermined range, but for example, the lower limit is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or less, still more preferably 0.1 mm or less.
- the metal layer 70 and the first film layer 40 can be bonded to each other by the heat-welding property of the first film layer 40 or by using an adhesive.
- the metal layer 70 on the surface of the constraining layer 100 opposite to the viscoelastic layer 200 by providing the metal layer 70 on the surface of the constraining layer 100 opposite to the viscoelastic layer 200, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and at the same time, the constraining layer 100 can be formed.
- the strain ⁇ a on the surface opposite to the viscoelastic layer 200 can be significantly reduced, and the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b can be easily controlled.
- the damping material of the sixth embodiment is obtained by molding the constraining layer 100R so as to match the shape of the panel 300R of the roof of the automobile so that the viscoelastic layer 200R has a uniform thickness. It has a structure.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b described above is on the side opposite to the viscoelastic layer 200R in the constrained layer 100R after molding, as shown in FIG. 14(b).
- the ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b of the strain ⁇ a of the surface of ⁇ a and the strain ⁇ b of the surface of the side in contact with the viscoelastic layer 200R satisfies the expression of 0 ⁇ a/ ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- the damping layer 100R of the vibration damping material does not have a flat shape but a curved shape or a corrugated shape corresponding to the shape of the panel 300R, the viscoelastic layer If the thickness of 200R is uniform, the damping layer 100R having the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b satisfying the above formula can improve the vibration damping performance as in the first embodiment, and mainly through the vibration of the object. The noise transmitted can be blocked, and sufficient sound insulation performance can be exhibited.
- FIG. 14 shows the damping material provided on the panel of the roof of the automobile, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained even with panels of various shapes such as the dash, floor and door of the automobile. Can be obtained.
- Example 1 a damping material including the constraining layer and the viscoelastic layer shown in FIG. 2 was produced.
- the first film layer A material: polypropylene (PP) film, thickness: 350 ⁇ m
- a second film layer material: polypropylene (PP) film, thickness: 300 ⁇ m
- three-point bending was performed using a universal material testing machine (manufactured by Instron, model 5900), and strain was measured.
- the test piece had a size of 60 mm ⁇ 200 mm. As shown in FIG. 10, the test piece 100S was supported by two fulcrums 102 located at 100 mm intervals, and a bending load of 0.5 mm was applied to the central position by an indenter 104. For the strain measurement, a strain measuring instrument (PCD-400A, manufactured by Kyowa Denki Co., Ltd.) was used to measure strains ⁇ a and ⁇ b on both sides of the constraining layer. As a result, the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b was 0.91.
- PCD-400A manufactured by Kyowa Denki Co., Ltd.
- a viscoelastic layer material: butyl rubber, thickness: 1 mm sheet
- a panel material: steel plate, thickness: 0.5 mm
- the loss coefficient was measured with the damping material attached to this panel.
- the constraining layer 100S and the viscoelastic layer 200S had dimensions of 60 mm ⁇ 180 mm
- the panel 300S had dimensions of 60 mm ⁇ 200 mm.
- the protruding 20 mm long portion of the panel was fixed to a fixture 112 to support the test piece on one side.
- Comparative Example 1 produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only the PP film (thickness: 300 ⁇ m) was used as the constraining layer, the strain and the loss coefficient were the same as in Example 1. Was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- Example 2 to 6 as shown in Table 1, the thickness of the viscoelastic side of the constraining layer and the film layer on the opposite side were changed, or the film layer was further provided with a metal layer (material: steel plate, thickness: The strain and loss coefficient were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.5 mm or a material: aluminum foil, thickness: 30 ⁇ m) was provided. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b between the strain ⁇ a on the surface of the constraining layer opposite to the viscoelastic layer and the strain ⁇ b on the surface in contact with the viscoelastic layer was set to less than 1.
- the loss coefficient could be significantly improved as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which the strain ratio ⁇ a/ ⁇ b was 1.
- vibration damping material of the present invention while exhibiting excellent vibration damping performance (sound insulation performance), it is possible to achieve high rigidity and light weight. Is useful as a component for attenuating panel vibration between a noise source such as a dash, floor, door, roof, wheel house, and fender panel and the interior of the vehicle.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
第1の実施形態の制振材は、図1(a)に示すように、拘束層100と、その一方の面に設けられた粘弾性層200とを備える。なお、本発明の制振材は、騒音の発生源の側に粘弾性層200側が位置するように用いられ、すなわち、本発明の制振材は、粘弾性層200を車体のパネル300側に設置して車室内側に設けられる。
第2の実施形態の制振材は、図2及び図3に示すように、中空構造を有するコア層10と、このコア層10の一方の面に設けられた第1のフィルム層40と、コア層10の他方の面に設けられた第2のフィルム層50と、この第2のフィルム層50に接する粘弾性層200とを備える。コア層10と第1及び第2のフィルム層40、50の複層構造体が、上述した第1の実施形態の拘束層100となる。すなわち、拘束層100の第1のフィルム層40側の面のひずみεaと、第2のフィルム層50側の面のひずみεbとの比εa/εbが、0<εa/εb<1の式を満たす。なお、第1の実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、ここでの詳細な説明は省略する。
第1及び第2の実施形態では、粘弾性層200が拘束層100に接する面が、拘束層100の粘弾性層200側の面と同じ面積の場合について説明してきたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。第3の実施形態の制振材は、図7(a)~(c)の各例に示すように、粘弾性層200が、拘束層100の粘弾性層と接する側の面100bにおいて部分的に設けられているものである。なお、第1及び第2の実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、ここでの詳細な説明は省略する。
第4の実施形態の制振材は、図8及び図9に示すように、コア層10と、このコア層10の一方の面に設けられた第1のフィルム層40と、コア層10の他方の面に順に設けられた第2のフィルム層50と繊維層60と、この繊維層60に接する粘弾性層200とを備える。コア層10と第1及び第2のフィルム層40、50と繊維層60の複層構造体が、上述した第1の実施形態の拘束層100となる。すなわち、拘束層100の第1のフィルム層40側の面のひずみεaと、繊維層60側の面のひずみεbとの比εa/εbが、0<εa/εb<1の式を満たす。なお、第1から第3の実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、ここでの詳細な説明は省略する。
第5の実施形態の制振材は、図13に示すように、コア層10と、このコア層10の一方の面に順に設けられた第1のフィルム層40及び金属層70と、コア層10の他方の面に設けられた第2のフィルム層50と、この第2のフィルム層50に接する粘弾性層200とを備える。コア層10と第1及び第2のフィルム層40、50と金属層70の複層構造体が、上述した第1の実施形態の拘束層100となる。すなわち、拘束層100の金属層70側の面のひずみεaと、第2のフィルム層50側の面のひずみεbとの比εa/εbが、0<εa/εb<1の式を満たす。なお、第1から第3の実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、ここでの詳細な説明は省略する。
第6の実施形態の制振材は、図14に示すように、拘束層100Rが、粘弾性層200Rの厚みが均一となるように、自動車のルーフのパネル300Rの形状に合わせて成形されている構造を有する。なお、第1の実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、ここでの詳細な説明は省略する。
10 コア層
11 山部
12 谷部
13 側面部
14 底面部
15 山部接続面
16 谷部接続面
17 頂面
18 コア材料裏面
20 セル
21 閉鎖面
22 解放端
40 第1のフィルム層
50 第2のフィルム層
60 繊維層
70 金属層
100 拘束層
200 粘弾性層
300 パネル
Claims (10)
- 粘弾性層と、前記粘弾性層の一方の面に設けられた拘束層とを備える制振材であって、前記拘束層の前記粘弾性層とは反対側の面のひずみεaと、前記拘束層の前記粘弾性層と接する側の面のひずみεbとの関係が、0<εa/εb<1である制振材。
- 前記粘弾性層の厚さが0.5~2mmの範囲にある請求項1に記載の制振材。
- 前記拘束層が、粘弾性層の厚みが均一となるように、パネル形状に合わせて成形されている構造を有する請求項1又は2に記載の制振材。
- 前記拘束層が、筒状のセルが複数の列をなして配置されているコア層を少なくとも備える複層構造を有する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の制振材。
- 前記ひずみεaと前記ひずみεbとの関係が、0.2<εa/εb<0.7である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の制振材。
- 前記拘束層が、前記コア層の両面にそれぞれ設けられたフィルム層を更に備え、前記フィルム層がそれぞれ、層を貫通する複数の開孔を有する請求項4に記載の制振材。
- 前記粘弾性層が、前記拘束層の前記粘弾性層と接する側の表面において部分的に設けられている請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の制振材。
- 前記拘束層が、前記拘束層の前記粘弾性層と接する側に、繊維層を備える複層構造を有する請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の制振材。
- 前記拘束層が、前記拘束層の前記粘弾性層と接する側とは反対側に、金属層を備える複層構造を有する請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の制振材。
- 前記コア層の前記セルの各々が、一方の端に閉鎖面、他方の端に開放端を有し、前記セルの前記解放端によって前記セルの内部空間が外部と連通しており、前記セルの前記解放端が、前記コア層の両面において、隣接したセルの列が一列おきに配置されている請求項4又は6に記載の制振材。
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US17/271,654 US11959525B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2019-01-24 | Damping material |
MX2021001713A MX2021001713A (es) | 2018-12-25 | 2019-01-24 | Material de amortiguamiento. |
EP19903661.7A EP3904722A4 (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2019-01-24 | DAMPING MATERIAL |
JP2020562308A JP7376509B2 (ja) | 2018-12-25 | 2019-01-24 | 制振材 |
CN201980057479.3A CN112639326B (zh) | 2018-12-25 | 2019-01-24 | 减振材料 |
JP2023183829A JP2023184598A (ja) | 2018-12-25 | 2023-10-26 | 制振材 |
US18/602,473 US20240209911A1 (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2024-03-12 | Damping Material |
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US18/602,473 Continuation US20240209911A1 (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2024-03-12 | Damping Material |
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WO2020152864A1 (ja) | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-30 | MT-Tec合同会社 | 車両用内装材 |
WO2020165619A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-20 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 防音構造体 |
US12039963B2 (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2024-07-16 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Soundproofing structure |
US11981268B2 (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2024-05-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Energy absorbing material for a vehicle |
CN114718979B (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-11-22 | 北京理工大学 | 多稳态可调的吸振装置及其制备方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3904722A1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
CN112639326A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
MX2021001713A (es) | 2021-04-19 |
JP7376509B2 (ja) | 2023-11-08 |
US20210341028A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
US11959525B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
US20240209911A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
JP2023184598A (ja) | 2023-12-28 |
CN112639326B (zh) | 2022-12-23 |
EP3904722A4 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
JPWO2020136920A1 (ja) | 2021-12-09 |
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