WO2019171898A1 - 通電加熱装置 - Google Patents
通電加熱装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019171898A1 WO2019171898A1 PCT/JP2019/005138 JP2019005138W WO2019171898A1 WO 2019171898 A1 WO2019171898 A1 WO 2019171898A1 JP 2019005138 W JP2019005138 W JP 2019005138W WO 2019171898 A1 WO2019171898 A1 WO 2019171898A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resistance value
- abnormality
- electrodes
- electrode
- smoothing
- Prior art date
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 90
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102200088010 rs63750664 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/03—Electrodes
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to an electric heating apparatus.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a pair of molds, an electrode that can be electrically connected to a metal pipe material disposed between the pair of molds, and the electrode is a metal pipe material.
- a forming apparatus is described that includes a power supply unit capable of energizing a metal pipe material via an electrode in an electrically connected state.
- This forming apparatus is an energization heating apparatus that heats and molds a metal pipe material by Joule heat generated by energizing the metal pipe material.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an energization heating apparatus that can detect an abnormality in an electrode and allow an operator to recognize the abnormality.
- An energization heating apparatus is an energization heating apparatus that supplies electric power to a metal body and energizes and heats the metal body, and includes power supply that supplies electric power to at least two electrodes that are in contact with the metal body.
- a warning part that warns that an abnormality has occurred in the current heating of the metal body, and an abnormality detection part that detects an abnormality of the electrode, and the abnormality detection part is a resistor that acquires a resistance value between the electrodes.
- a value acquisition unit a smoothing unit that acquires a smoothed resistance value that is a value obtained by smoothing a resistance value during a plurality of current heating operations, and when the smoothed resistance value reaches a predetermined set value
- An abnormality determination unit that determines that an abnormality has occurred and controls the warning unit to issue a warning that an abnormality has occurred in the electrode.
- a smoothed resistance value that is a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value between the electrodes at the time of multiple electric heating is obtained.
- the smoothing resistance value increases as energization heating is repeated and the degree of damage to the electrode surface increases.
- the smoothing resistance value reaches a predetermined set value, it is determined that the electrode surface is damaged beyond the normal range, and a warning is given that an abnormality has occurred in the electrode. Therefore, it is possible to detect that an abnormality has occurred in the electrode and make the worker recognize it.
- the smoothing resistance value may be a value obtained by moving and averaging the resistance values at the time of multiple energization heating. According to this, the smoothing resistance value can be set to a value that appropriately reflects the resistance value between the electrodes at the time of multiple energization heating. For this reason, when the smoothing resistance value reaches a predetermined set value, it can be more appropriately determined that the electrode surface is damaged beyond the normal range.
- the electrode can be replaced with a new electrode, and when the smoothing resistance value reaches the set value, the abnormality determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the electrode and issues a warning prompting replacement of the electrode. As such, the warning unit may be controlled. According to this, when it is detected that an abnormality has occurred in the electrode, it is possible to cause the operator to perform appropriate processing such as electrode replacement.
- the smoothing resistance value may be a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value at the time of multiple energization heating after electrode replacement. According to this, when it is detected that an abnormality has occurred in a new electrode after replacement of the electrode, it is possible to cause the operator to perform appropriate processing such as replacement of the electrode.
- the abnormality determination unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the metal body when the resistance value reaches a value obtained by adding a predetermined allowable value to the smoothing resistance value, and warns that an abnormality has occurred in the metal body.
- the warning unit may be controlled so that Here, when the resistance value is larger than a predetermined allowable value with respect to the smoothing resistance value, the metal body is more abnormal than the possibility that the electrode is abnormal (for example, the outer dimension of the metal body is outside the specified range). Etc.) is likely to occur. For this reason, when the resistance value reaches a value obtained by adding a predetermined allowable value to the smoothing resistance value, a warning is given that an abnormality has occurred in the metal body. Can be recognized.
- an energization heating apparatus that can detect that an abnormality has occurred in an electrode and allow an operator to recognize it.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a molding apparatus as an electric heating apparatus.
- a molding apparatus 10 for molding a metal pipe moves a blow molding die (mold) 13 including an upper die 12 and a lower die 11 and at least one of the upper die 12 and the lower die 11.
- Drive mechanism 80, pipe holding mechanism 30 holding metal pipe material 14 disposed between upper mold 12 and lower mold 11, and metal pipe material 14 held by pipe holding mechanism 30 are energized.
- a heating mechanism 50 Heated by a heating mechanism 50, a gas supply unit 60 for supplying high-pressure gas (gas) into the heated metal pipe material 14 held between the upper mold 12 and the lower mold 11, and held by the pipe holding mechanism 30
- a warning device (warning unit) 71 that gives a warning when an abnormality occurs in the electric heating, as well as driving the driving mechanism 80, driving the pipe holding mechanism 30, driving the heating mechanism 50, and the gas supply unit.
- the control unit 70 controls the operation of the gas supply 60 and the operation of the warning device 71 and detects an abnormality during energization heating.
- the lower mold 11 which is one of the blow molding dies 13 is fixed to the base 15.
- the lower mold 11 is composed of a large steel block, and includes, for example, a rectangular cavity (concave portion) 16 on the upper surface thereof.
- a cooling water passage 19 is formed in the lower mold 11 and is provided with a thermocouple 21 inserted from below at a substantially central position.
- the thermocouple 21 is supported by a spring 22 so as to be movable up and down.
- a space 11a is provided in the vicinity of the left and right ends (left and right ends in FIG. 1) of the lower mold 11, and electrodes 17 and 18 (lower portions), which will be described later, which are movable parts of the pipe holding mechanism 30, are provided in the space 11a.
- Side electrodes) and the like are arranged so as to be movable up and down. Then, by placing the metal pipe material 14 on the lower electrodes 17 and 18, the lower electrodes 17 and 18 are in contact with the metal pipe material 14 disposed between the upper mold 12 and the lower mold 11. To do. Thus, the lower electrodes 17 and 18 are electrically connected to the metal pipe material 14. The lower electrodes 17 and 18 can be replaced with new lower electrodes 17 and 18.
- An insulating material 91 for preventing energization is provided between the lower mold 11 and the lower electrode 17 and under the lower electrode 17, and between the lower mold 11 and the lower electrode 18 and under the lower electrode 18. Each is provided. Each insulating material 91 is fixed to an advance / retreat rod 95 which is a movable portion of an actuator (not shown) constituting the pipe holding mechanism 30. This actuator is for moving the lower electrodes 17, 18 and the like up and down, and the fixed portion of the actuator is held on the base 15 side together with the lower mold 11.
- the upper mold 12 which is the other of the blow molding dies 13, is fixed to a slide 81 (described later) constituting the drive mechanism 80.
- the upper mold 12 is composed of a large steel block, and has a cooling water passage 25 formed therein, and is provided with, for example, a rectangular cavity (recess) 24 on the lower surface thereof.
- the cavity 24 is provided at a position facing the cavity 16 of the lower mold 11.
- a space 12a is provided in the vicinity of the left and right ends (left and right ends in FIG. 1) of the upper mold 12 in the same manner as the lower mold 11, and a movable portion of the pipe holding mechanism 30 will be described later in the space 12a.
- Electrodes 17 and 18 (upper electrodes) and the like are arranged so as to be movable up and down. Then, in a state where the metal pipe material 14 is placed on the lower electrodes 17 and 18, the upper electrodes 17 and 18 are arranged between the upper mold 12 and the lower mold 11 by moving downward. Contact the metal pipe material 14. Thereby, the upper electrodes 17 and 18 are electrically connected to the metal pipe material 14. The upper electrodes 17 and 18 can be replaced with new upper electrodes 17 and 18.
- Insulating materials 101 for preventing energization are provided between the upper mold 12 and the upper electrode 17 and above the upper electrode 17, and between the upper mold 12 and the upper electrode 18 and above the upper electrode 18, respectively. Yes.
- Each insulating material 101 is fixed to an advance / retreat rod 96 which is a movable portion of an actuator constituting the pipe holding mechanism 30. This actuator is for moving the upper electrodes 17, 18 and the like up and down, and the fixed portion of the actuator is held on the slide 81 side of the drive mechanism 80 together with the upper mold 12.
- a semicircular arc-shaped groove 18a corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe material 14 is formed on each of the surfaces where the electrodes 18, 18 face each other (see FIG. 2).
- the metal pipe material 14 can be placed so as to fit into the concave groove 18a.
- a semicircular arc-shaped groove corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe material 14 is formed on the exposed surface where the insulating materials 91 and 101 face each other, like the groove 18a.
- a tapered concave surface 18b is formed on the front surface of the electrode 18 (the surface in the outer direction of the mold).
- the outer periphery of the right end portion of the metal pipe material 14 can be surrounded so as to be in close contact over the entire circumference. ing.
- a semicircular arc-shaped groove 17a corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe material 14 is formed on each of the surfaces where the electrodes 17 and 17 face each other (see FIG. 2).
- the metal pipe material 14 can be placed so as to fit into the concave groove 17a.
- a semicircular arc-shaped groove corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe material 14 is formed on the exposed surface where the insulating materials 91 and 101 face each other, like the groove 18a.
- a tapered concave surface 17b is formed on the front surface of the electrode 17 (surface in the outer direction of the mold). Therefore, when the metal pipe material 14 is sandwiched from above and below by the left portion of the pipe holding mechanism 30, the outer periphery of the left end portion of the metal pipe material 14 can be surrounded so as to be in close contact over the entire circumference. ing.
- the drive mechanism 80 includes a slide 81 that moves the upper mold 12 so that the upper mold 12 and the lower mold 11 are aligned with each other, and a shaft 82 that generates a driving force for moving the slide 81. And a connecting rod 83 for transmitting the driving force generated by the shaft 82 to the slide 81.
- the shaft 82 extends in the left-right direction above the slide 81 and is rotatably supported.
- An eccentric crank 82a that protrudes from the left and right ends and extends in the left-right direction at a position away from the axis. Have.
- the eccentric crank 82 a and a rotating shaft 81 a provided in the upper part of the slide 81 and extending in the left-right direction are connected by a connecting rod 83.
- the height of the eccentric crank 82a is changed by controlling the rotation of the shaft 82 by the control unit 70, and the change in the position of the eccentric crank 82a is transmitted to the slide 81 via the connecting rod 83.
- the vertical movement of the slide 81 can be controlled.
- the swinging (rotating motion) of the connecting rod 83 that occurs when the position change of the eccentric crank 82a is transmitted to the slide 81 is absorbed by the rotating shaft 81a.
- the shaft 82 rotates or stops according to the driving of a motor or the like controlled by the control unit 70, for example.
- the control unit 70 includes an abnormality detection unit 70A that detects an abnormality of the electrodes 17 and 18.
- the abnormality detection unit 70A acquires a resistance value acquisition unit 70a that acquires the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18, and a smoothed resistance value Ra that is a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value R during multiple energization heating.
- a predetermined threshold value Rs it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18, and a warning is given that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18.
- an abnormality determination unit 70c for controlling the warning device 71 (details will be described later).
- the heating mechanism 50 includes a power supply unit 55, a bus bar 52 that electrically connects the power supply unit 55 and the electrodes 17 and 18, and a voltmeter 53 as a voltage measurement unit that measures a voltage between the electrodes 17 and 18. .
- the power supply unit 55 includes a direct current power source and a switch, and can energize the metal pipe material 14 via the bus bar 52 and the electrodes 17 and 18 in a state where the electrodes 17 and 18 are electrically connected to the metal pipe material 14.
- the bus bar 52 is connected to the lower electrodes 17 and 18, and the voltmeter 53 is connected to a position near the lower electrode 17 of the bus bar 52 and a position near the lower electrode 18 of the bus bar 52. It is connected to the.
- the voltmeter 53 inputs the measured voltage value (information from (B) shown in FIG. 1) to the resistance value acquisition unit 70 a of the control unit 70.
- the direct current output from the power supply unit 55 is transmitted by the bus bar 52 and input to the electrode 17.
- the direct current passes through the metal pipe material 14 and is input to the electrode 18.
- the direct current is transmitted by the bus bar 52 and input to the power supply unit 55.
- the power supply unit 55 supplies power of about 10,000 A20V or more.
- the resistance value acquisition unit 70 a acquires the current value of the direct current output from the power supply unit 55.
- the resistance value acquisition unit 70 a acquires the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 based on the current value of the direct current output from the power supply unit 55 and the voltage value measured by the voltmeter 53.
- the resistance value acquisition unit 70a acquires the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 each time the current heating is performed on the metal pipe material 14 (see FIG. 4).
- the resistance value acquisition unit 70a outputs the acquired resistance value R to the smoothing unit 70b and the abnormality determination unit 70c of the control unit 70.
- Each of the pair of gas supply mechanisms 40 includes a cylinder unit 42, a cylinder rod 43 that moves forward and backward in accordance with the operation of the cylinder unit 42, and a seal member 44 that is coupled to the tip of the cylinder rod 43 on the pipe holding mechanism 30 side.
- the cylinder unit 42 is mounted and fixed on the block 41.
- a tapered surface 45 is formed at the tip of the seal member 44 so as to be tapered, and is configured to fit the tapered concave surfaces 17b, 18b of the electrodes 17, 18 (see FIG. 2).
- the seal member 44 extends from the cylinder unit 42 toward the tip, and as shown in detail in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a gas passage through which the high-pressure gas supplied from the gas supply unit 60 flows. 46 is provided.
- the gas supply unit 60 includes a gas source 61, an accumulator 62 that stores the gas supplied by the gas source 61, a first tube 63 that extends from the accumulator 62 to the cylinder unit 42 of the gas supply mechanism 40, A pressure control valve 64 and a switching valve 65 provided in one tube 63; a second tube 67 extending from the accumulator 62 to a gas passage 46 formed in the seal member 44; The pressure control valve 68 and the check valve 69 are provided.
- the pressure control valve 64 serves to supply the cylinder unit 42 with a gas having an operating pressure adapted to the pressing force of the seal member 44 against the metal pipe material 14.
- the check valve 69 serves to prevent the high pressure gas from flowing back in the second tube 67.
- the pressure control valve 68 provided in the second tube 67 serves to supply a gas having an operating pressure for expanding the metal pipe material 14 to the gas passage 46 of the seal member 44 under the control of the control unit 70. Fulfill.
- the control unit 70 can supply a gas having a desired operating pressure into the metal pipe material 14 by controlling the pressure control valve 68 of the gas supply unit 60. Moreover, the control part 70 acquires temperature information from the thermocouple 21, and controls the drive mechanism 80 grade
- the water circulation mechanism 72 includes a water tank 73 that stores water, a water pump 74 that pumps up and pressurizes the water stored in the water tank 73 and sends the water to the cooling water passage 19 of the lower mold 11 and the cooling water passage 25 of the upper mold 12. It consists of a pipe 75. Although omitted, a cooling tower for lowering the water temperature and a filter for purifying water may be interposed in the pipe 75.
- a method for forming a metal pipe using the forming apparatus 10 will be described.
- a cylindrical metal pipe material 14 of a hardenable steel type is prepared.
- the metal pipe material 14 is placed (input) on the electrodes 17 and 18 provided on the lower mold 11 side using, for example, a robot arm or the like. Since the grooves 17a and 18a are formed in the electrodes 17 and 18, the metal pipe material 14 is positioned by the grooves 17a and 18a.
- control unit 70 controls the drive mechanism 80 and the pipe holding mechanism 30 to cause the pipe holding mechanism 30 to hold the metal pipe material 14. Specifically, the upper die 12 and the upper electrodes 17 and 18 held on the slide 81 side by the driving mechanism 80 move to the lower die 11 side, and the upper electrode 17 and the upper electrode 17 included in the pipe holding mechanism 30 are moved. By actuating an actuator that allows the 18 and the like and the lower electrodes 17 and 18 to move forward and backward, the vicinity of both ends of the metal pipe material 14 is sandwiched by the pipe holding mechanism 30 from above and below.
- This clamping is caused to closely adhere to the entire circumference of the metal pipe material 14 near both ends due to the presence of the concave grooves 17a and 18a formed in the electrodes 17 and 18 and the concave grooves formed in the insulating materials 91 and 101. It will be clamped in such a manner.
- the end of the metal pipe material 14 on the electrode 18 side has a groove 18 a and a taper concave surface 18 b of the electrode 18 in the extending direction of the metal pipe material 14. It protrudes to the seal member 44 side from the boundary. Similarly, the end of the metal pipe material 14 on the electrode 17 side protrudes more toward the seal member 44 than the boundary between the concave groove 17a and the tapered concave surface 17b of the electrode 17 in the extending direction of the metal pipe material 14.
- the lower surfaces of the upper electrodes 17 and 18 and the upper surfaces of the lower electrodes 17 and 18 are in contact with each other.
- the configuration is not limited to the configuration in which the metal pipe material 14 is in close contact with the entire periphery of the both ends, and a configuration in which the electrodes 17 and 18 are in contact with part of the metal pipe material 14 in the circumferential direction may be employed.
- the control unit 70 heats the metal pipe material 14 by controlling the heating mechanism 50. Specifically, the control unit 70 controls the power supply unit 55 of the heating mechanism 50 to supply power and perform constant current control. Then, the electric power transmitted to the lower electrodes 17 and 18 via the bus bar 52 is supplied to the upper electrodes 17 and 18 and the metal pipe material 14 sandwiching the metal pipe material 14 and exists in the metal pipe material 14. Due to the resistance, the metal pipe material 14 itself generates heat due to Joule heat. Then, the voltage value measured by the voltmeter 53 gradually increases, and energization is terminated when the voltage value reaches a predetermined value.
- the blow mold 13 is closed with respect to the heated metal pipe material 14 by the control of the drive mechanism 80 by the control unit 70.
- the cavity 16 of the lower mold 11 and the cavity 24 of the upper mold 12 are combined, and the metal pipe material 14 is disposed and sealed in the cavity portion between the lower mold 11 and the upper mold 12.
- the cylinder unit 42 of the gas supply mechanism 40 is operated to advance the seal member 44 to seal both ends of the metal pipe material 14.
- the seal member 44 is pressed against the end portion of the metal pipe material 14 on the electrode 18 side, so that the boundary between the concave groove 18a and the tapered concave surface 18b of the electrode 18 is exceeded.
- a portion protruding toward the seal member 44 is deformed in a funnel shape so as to follow the tapered concave surface 18b.
- the gas supplied into the metal pipe material 14 is thermally expanded.
- the supplied gas is compressed air, and the metal pipe material 14 at 950 ° C. can be easily expanded by the thermally expanded compressed air.
- austenite transforms to martensite (hereinafter, austenite transforms to martensite is referred to as martensite transformation).
- cooling may be performed by supplying a cooling medium into the cavity 24, for example, instead of or in addition to mold cooling.
- the metal pipe material 14 is brought into contact with the mold (upper mold 12 and lower mold 11) until the temperature at which martensitic transformation begins, and then the mold is opened and the cooling medium (cooling gas) is used as the metal pipe material.
- the martensitic transformation may be generated by spraying on 14.
- the metal pipe material 14 is blow-molded, cooled, and then opened to obtain a metal pipe having a substantially rectangular cylindrical main body, for example.
- the forming apparatus 10 finishes forming the metal pipe including the electric heating with respect to the metal pipe material 14, and continues to form the metal pipe including the electric heating with respect to the next metal pipe material 14. To do.
- energization heating is repeatedly performed on the metal pipe material 14 in this manner, the surfaces of the electrodes 17 and 18 are damaged, and the resistance value during energization increases.
- the determination of abnormality of the electrodes 17 and 18 performed based on the change in resistance value will be described below.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a change in the smoothing resistance value Ra during a plurality of current heating operations, wherein the horizontal axis indicates the number of executions and the vertical axis indicates the resistance value.
- the smoothing unit 70 b of the control unit 70 acquires a smoothed resistance value Ra that is a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 during a plurality of current heating operations.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra is a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 at the time of a plurality of energization heatings after the most recent replacement of the electrodes 17 and 18.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra is, for example, a value obtained by moving average the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 during current heating from the current current heating to a predetermined number of times before.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra is a moving average value of the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 at the time of k times of energization heating, and is smooth between the first construction and the k-1th construction. Since the resistance value Ra cannot be obtained, the resistance value R of each time is shown in the figure for reference during this period.
- the resistance value R1 is a resistance value R at the time of energization heating (at the time of the first energization heating) immediately after the electrodes 17 and 18 are replaced with new electrodes 17 and 18.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra gradually increases. This indicates that the surface of the electrodes 17 and 18 is damaged by repeated energization heating, and the resistance during energization increases.
- the smoothing unit 70b outputs the acquired smoothing resistance value Ra to the abnormality determination unit 70c of the control unit 70.
- the abnormality determination unit 70c of the control unit 70 stores a predetermined threshold value (set value) Rs in advance.
- the abnormality determination unit 70c compares the smoothing resistance value Ra and the threshold value Rs, and when the smoothing resistance value Ra reaches the threshold value Rs, the surfaces of the electrodes 17 and 18 are greatly damaged and the electrodes 17 and 18 are abnormal. It is determined that In FIG. 3, the smoothing resistance value Ra during the n-th energization heating reaches a predetermined threshold value Rs.
- the abnormality determination unit 70c determines that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18, the abnormality determination unit 70c controls the warning device 71 to issue a warning that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18.
- This warning may be a warning prompting replacement of the electrodes 17 and 18.
- the warning device 71 issues a warning by, for example, a lamp, sound, screen display, or the like.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged graph showing a region S indicated by a two-dot chain line in the graph of FIG.
- each resistance value R and smoothing resistance value Ra at the time of m-th to m + 6th energization heating, and a value obtained by adding a predetermined allowable value ⁇ R to the smoothing resistance value Ra (upper limit resistance value Rb) are shown. It is shown. Since the degree of contact between the electrodes 17 and 18 and the metal pipe material 14 varies, each resistance value R increases and decreases with each execution.
- the abnormality determination unit 70c When the resistance value R obtained in the current energization heating reaches the upper limit resistance value Rb, the abnormality determination unit 70c has an excessively insufficient degree of contact between the electrodes 17, 18 and the metal pipe material 14, and a current flows. It is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the metal pipe material 14 (for example, the outer dimension / outer diameter of the metal pipe material 14 is smaller than the specified range, or an unacceptable level of scratches or irregularities have occurred). To do. In FIG. 4, each resistance value R at the m-th to m + 5 energization heating is smaller than the upper limit resistance value Rb, while the resistance value R at the m + 6th energization heating is larger than the upper limit resistance value Rb (that is, The upper limit resistance value Rb has been reached). Therefore, the abnormality determination unit 70c determines that an abnormality has occurred in the metal pipe material 14 that has been electrically heated for the (m + 6) th time.
- the abnormality determination unit 70c determines that an abnormality has occurred in the metal pipe material 14
- the abnormality determination unit 70c controls the warning device 71 to warn that an abnormality has occurred in the metal pipe material 14.
- This warning may be a warning that prompts the replacement of the metal pipe material 14 to be electrically heated.
- a smoothed resistance value Ra which is a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 at the time of a plurality of current heating operations.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra increases as the current heating is repeated and the degree of damage to the surfaces of the electrodes 17 and 18 increases.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra reaches a predetermined threshold value Rs, it is determined that the surfaces of the electrodes 17 and 18 are damaged beyond the normal range, and a warning that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18 has occurred. I do. Therefore, it is possible to detect that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18 and make the operator recognize it.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra is a value obtained by moving average the resistance value R at the time of a plurality of energization heatings.
- smoothing resistance value Ra can be made into the value which reflected resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 at the time of a several times energization heating appropriately. For this reason, when the smoothing resistance value Ra reaches the predetermined threshold value Rs, it can be determined that the surfaces of the electrodes 17 and 18 are more damaged than the normal range.
- the electrodes 17 and 18 can be replaced with new electrodes 17 and 18, and the abnormality determination unit 70c determines that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18 when the smoothing resistance value Ra reaches the threshold value Rs.
- the warning device 71 is controlled so as to make a warning for prompting the replacement of the electrodes 17 and 18 by making a determination. Thereby, when it is detected that an abnormality has occurred in the electrodes 17 and 18, it is possible to cause the operator to perform appropriate processing such as replacement of the electrodes 17 and 18.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra is a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value R at the time of a plurality of energization heatings after replacement of the electrodes 17 and 18.
- the abnormality determination unit 70c determines that an abnormality has occurred in the metal pipe material 14 when the resistance value R reaches the upper limit resistance value Rb obtained by adding the predetermined allowable value ⁇ R to the smoothing resistance value Ra, and the metal The warning device 71 is controlled so as to give a warning that an abnormality has occurred in the pipe material 14.
- the resistance value R is equal to or higher than the upper limit resistance value Rb
- the metal pipe material 14 is more abnormal than the possibility that the electrodes 17 and 18 are abnormal (for example, the outer dimension / outside of the metal pipe material 14).
- the diameter is smaller than the specified range, or an unacceptable degree of scratches or irregularities have occurred.
- the resistance value R reaches the upper limit resistance value Rb, the operator is made aware that an abnormality has occurred in the metal pipe material 14 by giving a warning that an abnormality has occurred in the metal pipe material 14. be able to.
- the present invention has been specifically described above based on the embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the electrodes 17 and 18 are two. Three or more electrodes may be added by adding electrodes to the inner side in the axial direction from 17 and 18.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra is the resistance value R between the electrodes 17 and 18 at the time of a plurality of energization heating after the most recent maintenance of the electrodes 17 and 18. It may be a smoothed value.
- the smoothing resistance value Ra may be a value obtained by smoothing the resistance value R of the electrodes 17 and 18 at the time of a plurality of energization heatings, and the smoothing method is not limited to the moving average, but the least square method or the like. Various curve fitting methods may be used.
- molding object is made into the metal pipe material 14, it is not limited to the metal pipe material 14, It can apply also to a metal rod-shaped body, a metal plate-shaped body, etc. It can be applied to a metal body that extends to some extent.
- the forming apparatus can also be a forging apparatus that performs energization heating without supplying gas.
- SYMBOLS 10 Forming apparatus (electric heating apparatus), 14 ... Metal pipe material (metal body), 17, 18 ... Electrode, 55 ... Electric power supply part, 70A ... Abnormality detection part, 70a ... Resistance value acquisition part, 70b ... Smoothing part , 70c ... abnormality determination unit, 71 ... warning device (warning unit).
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、通電加熱装置としての成形装置の概略構成図である。図1に示されるように、金属パイプを成形する成形装置10は、上型12及び下型11からなるブロー成形金型(金型)13と、上型12及び下型11の少なくとも一方を移動させる駆動機構80と、上型12と下型11との間に配置される金属パイプ材料14を保持するパイプ保持機構30と、パイプ保持機構30で保持されている金属パイプ材料14に通電して加熱する加熱機構50と、上型12及び下型11の間に保持され加熱された金属パイプ材料14内に高圧ガス(気体)を供給するための気体供給部60と、パイプ保持機構30で保持された金属パイプ材料14内に気体供給部60からの気体を供給するための一対の気体供給機構40,40と、ブロー成形金型13を強制的に水冷する水循環機構72と、金属パイプ材料14の通電加熱において異常が発生した場合に警告を行う警告装置(警告部)71とを備えると共に、上記駆動機構80の駆動、上記パイプ保持機構30の駆動、上記加熱機構50の駆動、上記気体供給部60の気体供給及び警告装置71の動作をそれぞれ制御し、且つ、通電加熱時の異常を検知する制御部70と、を備えて構成されている。
次に、成形装置10を用いた金属パイプの成形方法について説明する。最初に、焼入れ可能な鋼種の円筒状の金属パイプ材料14を準備する。この金属パイプ材料14を、例えばロボットアーム等を用いて、下型11側に備わる電極17,18上に載置(投入)する。電極17,18には凹溝17a,18aが形成されているので、当該凹溝17a,18aによって金属パイプ材料14が位置決めされる。
Claims (5)
- 金属体に電力を供給し当該金属体を通電加熱する通電加熱装置であって、
前記金属体に接触する少なくとも2つの電極と、
前記電極に電力を供給する電力供給部と、
前記金属体の通電加熱において異常が発生したことの警告を行う警告部と、
前記電極の異常を検知する異常検知部と、を備え、
前記異常検知部は、
前記電極間の抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部と、
複数回の通電加熱時の前記抵抗値を平滑化した値である平滑化抵抗値を取得する平滑化部と、
前記平滑化抵抗値が所定の設定値に達した場合に、前記電極に異常が発生したと判定し、前記電極に異常が発生したことの警告を行うように前記警告部を制御する異常判定部と、を有する、通電加熱装置。 - 前記平滑化抵抗値は、複数回の通電加熱時の前記抵抗値を移動平均した値である、請求項1に記載の通電加熱装置。
- 前記電極は、新たな電極と交換可能であり、
前記異常判定部は、前記平滑化抵抗値が前記設定値に達した場合に、前記電極に異常が発生したと判定し、前記電極の交換を促す警告を行うように前記警告部を制御する、請求項1又は2に記載の通電加熱装置。 - 前記平滑化抵抗値は、前記電極の交換後における複数回の通電加熱時の前記抵抗値を平滑化した値である、請求項3に記載の通電加熱装置。
- 前記異常判定部は、前記抵抗値が前記平滑化抵抗値に所定の許容値を加えた値に達した場合に、前記金属体に異常が発生したと判定し、前記金属体に異常が発生したことの警告を行うように前記警告部を制御する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の通電加熱装置。
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CN201980009672.XA CN111727663B (zh) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-02-13 | 电加热装置 |
JP2020504882A JP7183247B2 (ja) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-02-13 | 通電加熱装置 |
DE112019001169.3T DE112019001169T5 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-02-13 | Elektrische heizvorrichtung |
CA3091098A CA3091098A1 (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-02-13 | Electrical heating device |
US17/006,380 US12109603B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2020-08-28 | Electrical heating apparatus |
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