WO2018235342A1 - 鋼板 - Google Patents
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- WO2018235342A1 WO2018235342A1 PCT/JP2018/007161 JP2018007161W WO2018235342A1 WO 2018235342 A1 WO2018235342 A1 WO 2018235342A1 JP 2018007161 W JP2018007161 W JP 2018007161W WO 2018235342 A1 WO2018235342 A1 WO 2018235342A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel plate (wear-resistant steel plate) excellent in wear resistance.
- a steel plate wear-resistant steel plate excellent in wear resistance.
- the central part is the thickness from the surface of the steel plate in the thickness direction
- the problem is to secure ⁇ 5 mm (total 10 mm thickness) from a position separated by a half of T (that is, T / 2) (that is, the center of the plate thickness).
- the wear-resistant steel sheet is locally exposed to temperatures higher than room temperature and may be used in severe environments, so that the reduction in hardness is small even in a temperature range higher than room temperature (eg, a temperature range of about 150 to 300 ° C.) It may be required that (high temperature hardness is excellent).
- a temperature range higher than room temperature eg, a temperature range of about 150 to 300 ° C.
- high-temperature hardness steel sheets having an increased content of Si have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3) ).
- Patent Document 1 proposes a steel plate containing Nb, in which the content of Si is 0.40 to 1.50 mass% (hereinafter, “mass%” is simply described as “%”).
- mass% the content of Si is 0.40 to 1.50 mass%
- the plate thickness of the steel plate is 40 mm or less, and the hardness at the central portion of the plate thickness is not described, and is not studied from the viewpoint of securing a wear margin by thickening of the steel plate.
- Patent Document 2 assuming a severe wear environment locally exposed to a temperature higher than room temperature, in order to ensure the high temperature hardness of the steel, it contains 0.5% to 1.2% Si. Steels have been proposed which utilize precipitation strengthening with V carbides. However, steel containing a large amount of V is likely to cause slab cracking, and there is a concern that manufacturability may be reduced.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a steel plate containing 1.00 to 1.50% of Si in order to secure the high temperature hardness of the steel plate.
- securing of the plate thickness central portion hardness of the steel plate is also taken into consideration, but the difference between the surface layer hardness and the plate thickness central portion hardness (hereinafter, “the hardness difference between the surface layer portion and the plate thickness central portion”, Or it may only be called a "hardness difference.”), And it is not examined in the viewpoint of securing of the wear allowance by thickening of a steel plate.
- the present invention can maintain high hardness not only at room temperature but also in high temperature environments, and in particular, in a steel plate having a plate thickness of 40 mm or more, the carbon equivalent is less than 0.800%
- An object of the present invention is to provide a steel plate excellent in wear resistance in which the difference between the surface layer hardness and the thickness central portion hardness at room temperature is 15.0% or less of the surface layer hardness.
- a steel containing more than 1.00% to 2.00% of Si is advantageous for wear resistance in that the hardness at room temperature and high temperature can be secured.
- a difference between the surface layer hardness and the thickness central portion hardness tends to easily occur at room temperature. all right. This is because the central portion in the thickness direction of the steel plate has a lower cooling rate than the surface and the surface portion, and the formation of the martensitic structure is insufficient.
- the increase of the Si content The impact is not always clear.
- the indicator Q to derive the The index Q is obtained by the following equation (1) in consideration of the hardenability of the alloy element and the plate thickness.
- an alloying element other than Si (C) is required to reduce the difference between the surface layer hardness and the thickness central part hardness of a steel plate containing Si of more than 1.00%. , Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo), so the amount of Si is not considered.
- room temperature hardness the hardness in room temperature
- the term “hardness” simply refers to the hardness at room temperature, and the room temperature refers to 22 ⁇ 5 ° C. (17 to 27 ° C.).
- the steel plate according to the present invention has a thickness of 40 mm or more, and there is a concern about delayed cracking due to hydrogen if it is affected by residual stress due to welding, etc. Therefore, the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) determined by the following equation (2) Is less than 0.800%.
- the index Q determined by the following equation (1) By setting the index Q determined by the following equation (1) to be 0.00 or more, the hardness difference between the surface layer portion and the thickness center portion at room temperature becomes 15.0% or less of the surface layer hardness, and the hardness difference is small. And, the carbon equivalent is low, the plate thickness is 40 mm or more, and it is possible to obtain a steel plate excellent in wear resistance.
- board thickness T and content [X] of each element X are substituted to following formula (1) as a dimensionless numerical value, and the unit of the calculated
- required is dimensionless.
- required by following formula (2) is "%".
- the steel plate according to an aspect of the present invention is, by mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.35%, Si: more than 1.00% to 2.00%, Mn: 0.60 to 2.00%, Cr: 0.10 to 2.00%, Mo: 0.05 to 1.00%, Al: 0.010 to 0.100%, N: 0.0020 to 0.0100%, B: 0.0003 to 0.0020%, P: 0.0200% or less, S: less than 0.0100%, Cu: 0 to 0.500%, Ni: 0 to 1.00%, Nb: 0 to 0.050%, V: 0 to 0.120%, Ti: 0 to 0.025%, Ca: 0 to 0.050%, Mg: 0 to 0.050%, REM: 0 to 0.100%, and the balance: Fe and impurities,
- the index Q calculated by the following equation (1) is 0.00 or more, It has a chemical composition in which the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) determined by the following formula (2) is less than 0.800%, The ratio of the difference between the surface layer hardness
- the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) of the formula (2) is calculated by substituting the numerical value of the content [X] in mass% of each element X, and substitutes 0 when the element X is not contained.
- the index Q is 0.04 or more, The ratio may be 13.0% or less.
- Ni may have a chemical composition of 0.05 to 1.00%.
- Mn may have a chemical composition of 0.63 to 2.00%.
- the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) is 0.800% It is less than this, and it is possible to provide a steel plate excellent in wear resistance in which the difference between the surface layer hardness and the thickness central portion hardness at room temperature is 15.0% or less of the surface layer hardness.
- Industrial contribution of the steel sheet according to the present invention is extremely remarkable, for example, it can be used for a long time even under a severe environment where the temperature is about 150 to 300 ° C.
- FIG. 1 is a view for explaining the temperature change of the difference between the surface hardness of a steel plate and a reference hardness.
- a steel sheet with a thickness of 40 mm with a constant C content and a varied Si content is subjected to hardening treatment, and the Vickers hardness (surface hardness) HV5 on the surface of the steel sheet from room temperature to 400 ° C. is measured. Shown in 1.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 1 is the difference between the Vickers hardness (surface hardness) HV5 at each temperature of each steel and the Vickers hardness (reference hardness) HV5 at room temperature of a steel plate having a Si content of 0.25%.
- Vickers hardness HV5 cut out a sample from the position of depth 5 mm from the surface of a steel plate, made test power 49.03 N (5 kgf) according to JIS Z 2252-1991, and measured it by high temperature Vickers hardness test . The measurement of the standard hardness was conducted under the same conditions as the above-mentioned high temperature Vickers hardness test except for the control of the temperature.
- the hardness distribution (Vickers hardness) in the thickness direction after quenching of a steel sheet (thickness 40 mm) containing Si of more than 1.00% is shown in FIG.
- the Vickers hardness HV5 was measured at room temperature with a test force of 49.03 N (5 kgf) in accordance with JIS Z 2244: 2009. As shown in FIG. 2, the plate thickness central portion hardness is lower than the surface layer portion hardness.
- the surface layer hardness Hvs (average value of Vickers hardness measured in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the steel plate in the plate thickness direction) and plate thickness central portion Hvc (plate thickness direction).
- the average value of Vickers hardness measured in a range of ⁇ 5 mm (total thickness of 10 mm) from the central portion of the steel plate was determined, and the difference (hardness difference) ⁇ Hv between the central thickness and the surface layer hardness at room temperature was calculated. That is, ⁇ Hv is represented by the following formula (a).
- the present inventors examined a method of reducing the difference in hardness between the surface layer portion and the central portion of the plate thickness at room temperature of a steel plate having a plate thickness of 40 mm or more containing Si of more than 1.00%. .
- the present inventors repeated studies in order to reduce the difference in hardness of the steel sheet in consideration of the hardenability and thickness of the alloy elements.
- the steel plate In order to ensure the hardness of the steel plate, it is possible that, in hot rolling, the steel plate is reheated to a temperature of 3 or more Ac at which transformation to austenite ends at the time of temperature rise, and then water cooling etc. is performed (quenching) It is At this time, the surface layer portion of the steel plate has a high cooling rate, and sufficient hardness can be secured. On the other hand, at the central portion of the steel plate in thickness, the cooling rate is lower than that in the surface portion, so that the formation of martensite becomes insufficient and the hardness decreases.
- the cooling rate decreases at the central portion of the steel plate thickness. Therefore, in order to secure sufficient hardness in the center of thickness of the steel sheet, it is necessary to increase the content of the alloying element to enhance the hardenability. However, when the content of alloying elements is fixed, depending on the plate thickness, the hardenability may be insufficient, the cost may increase by including unnecessary amount of alloying elements, and the weldability may be impaired, etc. Problems arise. Therefore, in order to control the content of the alloying element in an appropriate range, it is necessary to consider that the cooling rate at the central portion of the plate thickness is affected by the plate thickness.
- the present inventors have a relation between the content of the alloying element having hardenability and the thickness of the steel on the difference in hardness ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs of various steel materials having a thickness of 40 mm or more containing Si of more than 1.00%.
- the index Q shown in the following equation (1) was derived.
- the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) refers to a ratio obtained by dividing the difference between the surface layer hardness at room temperature and the thickness central portion hardness by the surface layer hardness as a percentage.
- the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) is represented by the following formula (b).
- Hvs is the surface layer hardness (the average value of Vickers hardness measured in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface of the steel plate in the thickness direction)
- Hvc is the thickness central portion hardness (steel plate It is an average value of Vickers hardness measured in the range of ⁇ 5 mm (a total of 10 mm thickness) from the central portion in the thickness direction.
- the hardenability decreases as the cooling rate decreases.
- the inventors of the present invention have a cooling rate if the steel containing more than 1.00% of Si contains alloying elements other than Si (C, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo) to secure hardenability. It has been found that Si contributes to the improvement of the hardenability even when the.
- the following formula (1) is that the inventors of the present invention need to secure hardenability by containing alloy elements (C, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo) other than Si in order to increase the plate thickness central portion hardness.
- the indicator Q does not include the term of Si content.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) and the index Q. From FIG. 3, when setting the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) to 15.0% or less of the surface layer hardness Hvs as a standard for prolonging the life of a thick steel plate, it is necessary to set Q ⁇ 0.00. I found it to be. In addition, it was found that when setting the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) to 13.0% or less of the surface layer hardness Hvs, it is necessary to set Q ⁇ 0.04.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment has a plate thickness of 40 mm or more, there is concern about hydrogen embrittlement cracking under the influence of residual stress due to welding, so the carbon equivalent Ceq represented by the following formula (2) (%) Is less than 0.800%.
- following formula (2) includes the term of Si content.
- Ceq (%) [C] + [Mn] / 6 + [Si] / 24 + [Ni] / 40 + [Cr] / 5 + [Mo] / 4 + [V] / 4 (2)
- the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) of the above-mentioned formula (2) is calculated by substituting the numerical value of the content [X] in mass% of each element X, and substitutes 0 when the element X is not contained.
- required by the said Formula (2) is "%".
- the index Q of the above equation (1) By setting the index Q of the above equation (1) to be 0.00 or more, the hardness difference ⁇ Hv between the surface layer portion and the thickness central portion of the steel plate at room temperature becomes 15.0% or less of the surface layer portion hardness Hvs.
- a small steel plate having a carbon equivalent of less than 0.800%, a plate thickness of 40 mm or more, and excellent wear resistance can be obtained.
- C is an element effective for improving the hardness, and in order to secure the hardness of the steel plate, the C content is made 0.20% or more.
- the C content is 0.22% or more, more preferably 0.24% or more.
- the C content is made 0.35% or less .
- the C content is 0.32% or less, more preferably 0.30% or less.
- Si is a deoxidizer and is also an element effective for improving the hardness of the steel sheet.
- Si is a very important element to maintain the hardness of the steel sheet in a high temperature environment.
- the Si content is made more than 1.00%.
- the Si content is 1.10% or more, more preferably 1.20% or more or 1.30% or more.
- the Si content is made 2.00% or less.
- the Si content is 1.90% or less, more preferably 1.80% or less.
- Mn is an element that enhances the hardenability and improves the hardness, and in order to ensure the hardness of the steel sheet, it is necessary to contain 0.60% or more.
- the Mn content is 0.70% or more, more preferably 0.80% or more.
- the Mn content is 2.00% or less.
- the Mn content is 1.50% or less or 1.35% or less, more preferably 1.20% or less or 1.00% or less.
- Cr is an element that improves the hardenability and improves the toughness and hardness of the steel sheet.
- the Cr content is made 0.10% or more.
- the Cr content is 0.50% or more, more preferably 0.80% or more.
- the Cr content is made 2.00% or less.
- the Cr content is 1.70% or less, more preferably 1.50% or less.
- Mo is also an element that improves the hardenability and improves the hardness of the steel sheet. Mo is also an element effective to maintain the hardness of the steel sheet even in a high temperature environment. Therefore, the Mo content is made 0.05% or more. Preferably, the Mo content is 0.10% or more, more preferably 0.20% or more. On the other hand, when the Mo content exceeds 1.00%, the toughness of the steel sheet decreases, so the Mo content is 1.00% or less. Preferably, the Mo content is 0.60% or less, more preferably 0.40% or less.
- Al is an element effective as a deoxidizer. Further, Al forms N and AlN, and the crystal grains are refined to improve the toughness of the steel plate. Therefore, the Al content is made 0.010% or more. Preferably, the Al content is 0.020% or more, more preferably 0.030% or more. On the other hand, when Al is contained excessively, the toughness of the steel sheet is lowered, so the Al content is made 0.100% or less. Preferably, the Al content is 0.080% or less, more preferably 0.070% or less.
- N is an element which forms nitride with Al or Ti, refines crystal grains, and improves the toughness of the steel plate. Therefore, the N content is made 0.0020% or more. Preferably, the N content is 0.0030% or more, more preferably 0.0040% or more. On the other hand, when N is contained excessively, coarse nitrides are formed and the toughness of the steel sheet is reduced, so the N content is made 0.0100% or less. Preferably, the N content is 0.0080% or less, more preferably 0.0060% or less.
- B is an element effective to significantly improve the hardenability of the steel and to particularly improve the hardness of the central portion of the steel plate. Therefore, the B content is made 0.0003% or more. Preferably, the B content is 0.0005% or more, more preferably 0.0007% or more, and still more preferably 0.0010% or more. On the other hand, when B is contained excessively, a boride is formed, the hardenability is reduced, and the hardness of the steel sheet can not be secured, so the B content is made 0.0020% or less. Preferably, the B content is 0.00118% or less, more preferably 0.0016% or less.
- P is an impurity
- the P content is limited to 0.0200% or less in order to reduce the toughness and workability of the steel sheet.
- the P content is 0.0150% or less, more preferably 0.0100% or less.
- the lower limit of the P content is preferably 0%, but the P content may be 0.0001% or more from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- S is an impurity and reduces the toughness of the steel sheet, so the S content is limited to less than 0.0100%.
- the S content is 0.0070% or less, more preferably 0.0050% or less, and still more preferably 0.0030% or less.
- the lower limit of the S content is preferably 0%, the S content may be 0.0001% or more from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment can selectively contain one or more of Cu, Ni, Nb, V, and Ti for the purpose of improving mechanical properties such as hardness and toughness of the steel plate. .
- the lower limit of the content of these components is 0%.
- Cu is an element that forms fine precipitates and contributes to the improvement of the strength of the steel plate, and may contain 0.001% or more. More preferably, the Cu content is 0.050% or more, more preferably 0.100% or more. On the other hand, when Cu is excessively contained, the wear resistance of the steel sheet is deteriorated, so the upper limit of the Cu content is made 0.500% or less. More preferably, the Cu content is 0.450% or less, still more preferably 0.400% or less.
- Ni is an element that enhances the hardenability of the steel and contributes to the improvement of the hardness of the steel plate, and may contain 0.05% or more. More preferably, the Ni content is 0.10% or more, still more preferably 0.20% or more. On the other hand, since Ni is an expensive alloy element, the Ni content is 1.00% or less from the viewpoint of cost. More preferably, the Ni content is 0.70% or less, more preferably 0.50% or less.
- Nb is an element that contributes to the grain refinement of the crystal grains by suppressing the formation of nitride and recrystallization, and in order to improve the toughness of the steel sheet, it may contain 0.005% or more. More preferably, the Nb content is made 0.007% or more, still more preferably 0.010% or more. On the other hand, if Nb is excessively contained, the toughness of the steel sheet may be reduced, so the Nb content is made 0.050% or less. More preferably, the Nb content is 0.030% or less, still more preferably 0.020% or less.
- V is an element that contributes to the improvement of the hardness of the steel sheet, and may contain 0.010% or more. More preferably, the V content is 0.020% or more, still more preferably 0.040% or more. On the other hand, when V is contained excessively, cracking of the slab may occur to impair the productivity, so the V content is made 0.120% or less. More preferably, the V content is 0.100% or less, still more preferably 0.070% or less.
- Ti is an element that forms TiN and refines crystal grains to improve the toughness of the steel plate, and may contain 0.005% or more. More preferably, the Ti content is made 0.007% or more, still more preferably 0.010% or more. On the other hand, if Ti is excessively contained, the toughness of the steel sheet may be reduced, so the Ti content is made 0.025% or less. More preferably, the Ti content is 0.020% or less, still more preferably 0.015% or less.
- one or more of Ca, Mg and REM can be selectively contained.
- the lower limit of the content of these components is 0%.
- Ca, Mg, and REM are all elements that form sulfides by being combined with S to form inclusions that are difficult to stretch by hot rolling, and mainly contribute to the improvement of the toughness of the steel sheet.
- Ca, Mg, and REM are excessively contained, these elements may form coarse oxides with O, and the toughness of the steel sheet may be reduced. Therefore, the Ca content and the Mg content are respectively 0.050% or less, and the REM content is 0.100% or less.
- the Ca content, the Mg content, and the REM content are each 0.020% or less, more preferably 0.010% or less or 0.005% or less.
- the Ca content and the Mg content are each preferably 0.0005% or more, and the REM content is preferably 0.001% or more. More preferably, the Ca content and the Mg content are each 0.0007% or more, and the REM content is 0.002% or more.
- REM rare earth metal element
- the content of REM means the total content of these 17 elements.
- the balance of the chemical composition of the steel plate according to the present embodiment is Fe and impurities.
- the impurities are components that are mixed due to various factors of the manufacturing process, including raw materials such as ore and scrap when industrially manufacturing steel plates, and the impurities of the steel plates according to the present embodiment It means what is acceptable as long as it does not adversely affect the characteristics.
- P and S need to specify the upper limit as described above.
- impurities in steel O, Sb, Sn and As may be mixed alone or in combination of two or more. Even if these impurities are mixed, there is no particular problem as long as the level of mixing (the range of the content) of the wear resistant steel is normal. Therefore, these contents are limited to the usual mixing levels of the following wear resistant steels.
- the lower limit of the content of these impurities is 0%.
- O may be mixed in the steel as an impurity in some cases, since it is an element that forms a coarse oxide, it is preferable that the O content be as small as possible. In particular, when the O content exceeds 0.006%, coarse oxides are formed in the steel and the wear resistance of the steel sheet is deteriorated, so the O content is made 0.006% or less. Preferably, the O content is 0.005% or less, more preferably 0.004% or less.
- Sb is an element mixed from scrap as a steel material.
- the wear resistance of the steel plate is degraded, so the Sb content is made 0.01% or less.
- the Sb content is 0.007% or less and 0.005% or less.
- Sn like Sb, is an element mixed from scrap as a steel material.
- Sn content is set to 0.007% or less and 0.005% or less.
- ⁇ As 0.01% or less> As Sb and Sn, As is an element mixed from scraps as a steel material.
- As is an element mixed from scraps as a steel material.
- the As content is made 0.01% or less.
- the As content is set to 0.007% or less and 0.005% or less.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment has a small difference in hardness between the surface layer portion of the steel plate and the central portion of plate thickness at room temperature, and the ratio of the hardness difference to the surface layer portion hardness is 15.0% or less.
- the index Q calculated by the above shall be 0.00 or more.
- the index Q is calculated by substituting the numerical value of the plate thickness T (mm) and the numerical value of the content [X] at mass% of each element X as a dimensionless numerical value, and when the element X is not contained, [X] Is 0.
- the index Q is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.04 or more, still more preferably 0.05 or more, still more preferably, in order to reduce the difference in hardness between the surface layer portion of the steel plate and the central portion of the plate thickness.
- the upper limit of the index Q is not particularly defined, but when the index Q is increased, the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) is also increased, so the limit is naturally limited.
- the index Q is preferably 1.10 or less. More preferably, the index Q is 0.80 or less or 0.50 or less, and still more preferably 0.30 or less or 0.20 or less.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment has a carbon equivalent Ceq (%) of less than 0.800% in order to suppress weld cracking and secure weldability of the steel plate.
- the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) is also calculated by substituting the numerical value of the content [X] of each element in mass%, and when the element X is not contained, [X] is 0.
- the lower limit of the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) is not particularly defined, when the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) is decreased, the index Q is also reduced, so the limit is naturally limited. In order to make index Q into 0.00 or more and make a hardness difference small, carbon equivalent Ceq (%) has preferred 0.507% or more.
- the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) is more preferably 0.600% or more, and even more preferably 0.650% or more. Still more preferably, the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) is 0.700% or more. In order to improve the weldability of the steel plate, the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) may be 0.785% or less, 0.770% or less, or 0.760% or less.
- Ceq (%) [C] + [Mn] / 6 + [Si] / 24 + [Ni] / 40 + [Cr] / 5 + [Mo] / 4 + [V] / 4 (2)
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment has a small difference (hardness difference) between the surface layer hardness and the thickness central portion hardness at room temperature, and the ratio of the difference between the surface layer hardness and the thickness central portion hardness to the surface layer hardness is 15. It becomes 0% or less, and can exhibit excellent abrasion resistance over a long period of time.
- the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) is preferably as small as possible, but it is difficult to make it less than 0% or less than 1.0%. Therefore, the lower limit may be 0% or 1.0%.
- the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) may be 3.0% or more, considering the increase in cost associated with the increase in the content of the alloy elements.
- the surface layer hardness and the thickness central part hardness are Vickers hardness HV5 at room temperature, and are measured in accordance with JIS Z 2244: 2009.
- the surface layer hardness is an average value of Vickers hardness HV5 measured in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface in the thickness direction of the steel sheet, with a cross section parallel to the rolling direction and thickness direction of the steel sheet as a measurement surface.
- the Vickers hardness at a total of 25 points at five points at least every 1 mm is measured in the relevant range.
- the plate thickness central portion hardness is an average value of Vickers hardness HV5 measured in the range of ⁇ 5 mm (total 10 mm thickness) from the central portion in the plate thickness direction of the steel plate on the measurement surface.
- the Vickers hardness at a total of 55 points at five points at least every 1 mm is measured in the above-mentioned range.
- the surface layer hardness Hvs at room temperature is 400 or more in Vickers hardness (HV5). If the surface layer hardness Hvs is less than 400 in Vickers hardness (HV5), the strength of the surface layer portion of the steel plate is insufficient, and therefore, it can not be used for applications such as construction machinery and industrial machinery.
- the surface layer hardness Hvs at room temperature may be 440 or more, 460 or more, 480 or more, or 500 or more in Vickers hardness (Hv5).
- the steel plate which concerns on this embodiment has shown very high hardness from surface layer part to plate thickness center part, and tensile strength is also very high.
- the tensile strength (TS) at room temperature may be 1000 MPa or more, 1200 MPa or more, 1350 MPa or more, or 1500 MPa or more.
- the upper limit of the tensile strength is not particularly required, but may be 2300 MPa or less.
- a round bar test specimen is collected from a full thickness test specimen (that is, a plate-like test specimen) or a position (T / 4) which is 1 ⁇ 4 of the thickness T from the steel plate surface. : Measure according to 2011.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment is a steel plate manufactured by hot rolling, and is a steel plate having a plate thickness of 40 mm or more, preferably 42 mm or more or 50 mm or more, more preferably 60 mm or more or 80 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the plate thickness is not particularly limited, and may be 150 mm depending on the application.
- the plate thickness may be 100 mm or less in consideration of homogenization of the characteristics in the plate thickness direction of the steel plate.
- a steel piece having the above-described chemical composition is produced by a known method such as a continuous casting method or an ingot-slab method. There is no particular limitation.
- a steel piece obtained by casting is hot-rolled, and after being water-cooled as it is or air-cooled, it is reheated and quenched to manufacture a steel plate.
- the steel plate is to be hardened as it is and not to be subjected to heat treatment such as tempering.
- hot rolling may be performed as it is, but the steel piece is temporarily cooled to room temperature, reheated to a temperature of Ac 3 points or more, and hot rolling is performed. It is also good.
- the Ac 3 point is the temperature at which the structure of the steel becomes austenite (the austenite transformation is completed) by raising the temperature.
- the heating temperature for hot rolling is preferably 900 ° C. or more, more preferably 1000 ° C. or more, in order to reduce deformation resistance.
- the heating temperature of the hot rolling is too high, the structure becomes coarse and the low temperature toughness of the steel sheet may decrease, so 1250 ° C. or less is preferable. More preferably, the heating temperature is set to 1200 ° C. or less, still more preferably 1150 ° C. or less.
- the hot rolling is preferably finished at an Ar 3 point or higher, which is a temperature at which ferrite transformation starts due to temperature decrease.
- the Ac 3 point and the Ar 3 point can be obtained from the thermal expansion behavior at the time of heating and cooling by collecting a test piece from a steel piece.
- quenching is performed to a temperature of 250 ° C. or less, or after hot rolling, the air-cooled steel plate is reheated to a temperature of Ac 3 points or more and quenched to a temperature of 250 ° C. or less.
- a steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 2 was melted and hot-rolled after casting to obtain a steel plate having a thickness shown in Table 3 and air-cooled to room temperature. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to a quenching temperature shown in Table 3, and then quenching was performed to produce a steel plate having a plate thickness of 40 mm or more. Test pieces are collected from the obtained steel plate, and the cross section parallel to the rolling direction and thickness direction of the steel plate is used as the test surface, and the Vickers hardness of the surface layer portion and the central portion of thickness is in accordance with JIS Z 2244: 2009, room temperature The test force was measured as 49.03 N (5 kgf).
- the Vickers hardness (surface layer hardness) Hvs of the surface layer is the Vickers hardness at a total of 25 points measured at 5 points every 1 mm within the range of 1 mm to 5 mm from the surface (surface layer) in the thickness direction of the steel plate These were obtained from the average value (arithmetic average).
- Vickers hardness (plate thickness center part hardness) Hvc of the plate thickness center part is Vickers hardness at a total of 55 points at 5 points per 1 mm within a range of ⁇ 5 mm (10 mm in total thickness) from the center part in the plate thickness direction Were measured and obtained from their mean value (arithmetic mean).
- the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) indicating the difference in hardness between the surface layer portion and the central portion of the steel plate at room temperature is obtained using the values of the surface layer portion hardness Hvs and the plate thickness central portion hardness Hvc thus obtained.
- the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) is represented by the following formula (b).
- H Hv / Hvs (%) 100 ⁇ (Hvs-Hvc) / Hvs ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (b)
- the judgment criteria for each evaluation item are as follows.
- the surface layer portion hardness Hvs (HV5) and the plate thickness central portion hardness Hvc (HV5) were all determined to be 400 or more from the viewpoint of wear resistance and 600 or less from the viewpoint of cutting processability.
- the high temperature hardness (HV5) of the surface layer portion was judged to be good as 300 or more from the viewpoint of the wear resistance at high temperature.
- the Charpy absorbed energy at 0 ° C. was determined to be 15 J or more.
- No. 1 in Table 3 101 to 115 are comparative examples, and the chemical composition including the Q value is outside the scope of the present invention.
- No. 101 to 103 are examples in which the Q value becomes low in relation to the plate thickness, and the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs (%) exceeds 15.0%.
- No. 106 is an example in which the Si content is insufficient and the high temperature hardness of the surface layer portion is lowered.
- no. 107 is an example in which the Si content is large and the toughness is lowered.
- No. 104, 108 and 114 are examples in which the C content, the Mn content, and the B content are insufficient, respectively, and the surface layer hardness Hvs, the thickness central portion hardness Hvc, and the high temperature hardness of the surface layer decrease. No. 1 with insufficient Cr content.
- the surface layer hardness Hvs, the thickness central portion hardness Hvc, and the high temperature hardness of the surface layer, 110 is an example in which the toughness is also reduced.
- 112 is an example in which the plate thickness central portion hardness Hvc, the high temperature hardness of the surface layer portion, and the toughness decrease.
- No. 105 is an example in which the C content is high and the surface layer hardness Hvs is excessively high.
- No. 111 with high Mo content 113 is an example in which the toughness is reduced.
- An example 115 is an example in which the surface layer hardness Hvs, the plate thickness central portion hardness Hvc, and the high temperature hardness of the surface layer portion decrease.
- the O content was 0.006% or less
- the Sb content, the Sn content, and the As content were all 0.01% or less.
- Comparative Example No. 1 in which any one or more of the chemical composition and the Q value is outside the scope of the present invention.
- at least one of the hardness difference ratio ⁇ Hv / Hvs, the surface layer hardness Hvs, the plate thickness central portion Hvc, and the high temperature hardness and toughness of the surface layer portion did not reach the evaluation criteria judged to be good.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年6月21日に、日本に出願された特願2017-121641号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
Ceq(%)=[C]+[Mn]/6+[Si]/24+[Ni]/40+[Cr]/5+[Mo]/4+[V]/4 ・・・ (2)
ここで、上記式(1)の指標Qは、板厚T(mm)の数値及び各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。上記式(2)の炭素当量Ceq(%)は、各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。
C:0.20~0.35%、
Si:1.00%超~2.00%、
Mn:0.60~2.00%、
Cr:0.10~2.00%、
Mo:0.05~1.00%、
Al:0.010~0.100%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
B:0.0003~0.0020%、
P:0.0200%以下、
S:0.0100%未満、
Cu:0~0.500%、
Ni:0~1.00%、
Nb:0~0.050%、
V:0~0.120%、
Ti:0~0.025%、
Ca:0~0.050%、
Mg:0~0.050%、
REM:0~0.100%、及び
残部:Fe及び不純物であり、
下記式(1)で求められる指標Qが0.00以上であり、
下記式(2)で求められる炭素当量Ceq(%)が0.800%未満である化学組成を有し、
室温における表層部硬度に対する表層部硬度と板厚中央部硬度との差の割合が15.0%以下であるとともに室温における表層部硬度がビッカース硬さで400以上であり、
板厚Tが40mm以上である。
Q=0.18-1.3(logT)+0.75(2.7×[C]+[Mn]+0.45×[Ni]+0.8×[Cr]+2×[Mo]) ・・・ (1)
Ceq(%)=[C]+[Mn]/6+[Si]/24+[Ni]/40+[Cr]/5+[Mo]/4+[V]/4 ・・・ (2)
前記式(1)の指標Qは、板厚T(mm)の数値及び各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。前記式(2)の炭素当量Ceq(%)は、各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。
[2] 上記[1]に記載の鋼板では、前記指標Qが0.04以上であり、
前記割合が13.0%以下であってもよい。
[3] 上記[1]又は[2]に記載の鋼板では、質量%で、
Ni:0.05~1.00%である化学組成を有してもよい。
[4] 上記[1]~[3]のいずれか一態様に記載の鋼板では、質量%で、
Mn:0.63~2.00%である化学組成を有してもよい。
ここで、上記式(1)の指標Qは、板厚T(mm)の数値及び各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。すなわち、上記式(1)では、板厚T、各元素の含有量[X]を無次元の数値として、指標Qを計算する。なお、上記式(1)のlogは、底が10である対数、すなわち常用対数である。
上記式(2)の炭素当量Ceq(%)は、各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。上記式(2)により求められる炭素当量Ceqの単位は「%」である。
Cは、硬度の向上に有効な元素であり、鋼板の硬度を確保するためにC含有量を0.20%以上とする。好ましくはC含有量を0.22%以上、より好ましくは0.24%以上とする。一方、C含有量が0.35%を超えると、硬度の上昇によって耐水素脆化感受性が高まり、水素脆化による割れの発生が懸念されるため、C含有量を0.35%以下とする。好ましくはC含有量を0.32%以下、より好ましくは0.30%以下とする。
Siは脱酸剤であり、また、鋼板の硬度の向上にも有効な元素である。本実施形態では、Siは高温環境下で鋼板の硬度を維持するために極めて重要な元素である。Si含有の効果を得るために、Si含有量を1.00%超とする。好ましくはSi含有量を1.10%以上、より好ましくは1.20%以上または1.30%以上とする。一方、Si含有量が2.00%を超えると、鋼板の靱性を阻害する場合があるため、Si含有量を2.00%以下とする。好ましくはSi含有量を1.90%以下、より好ましくは1.80%以下とする。
Mnは、焼入れ性を高め、硬度を向上させる元素であり、鋼板の硬度を確保するために、0.60%以上を含有させることが必要である。好ましくはMn含有量を0.70%以上、より好ましくは0.80%以上とする。一方、Mnを過剰に含有させると、靭性が低下し、また、セメンタイトの形成を促進し、結果的に鋼板の高温硬度の低下を生じることがある。そのため、Mn含有量を2.00%以下とする。好ましくはMn含有量を1.50%以下または1.35%以下、より好ましくは1.20%以下または1.00%以下とする。
Crは、焼入れ性を高め、鋼板の靭性及び硬度を向上させる元素である。鋼板の靱性及び硬度を確保するため、Cr含有量を0.10%以上とする。好ましくはCr含有量を0.50%以上、より好ましくは0.80%以上とする。一方、Cr含有量が2.00%を超えると鋼板の靱性が低下するため、Cr含有量を2.00%以下とする。好ましくはCr含有量を1.70%以下、より好ましくは1.50%以下とする。
Moも、焼入れ性を高め、鋼板の硬度を向上させる元素である。また、Moは、高温環境下でも鋼板の硬度を維持するために有効な元素である。そのため、Mo含有量を0.05%以上とする。好ましくはMo含有量を0.10%以上、より好ましくは0.20%以上とする。一方、Mo含有量が1.00%を超えると鋼板の靱性が低下するため、Mo含有量を1.00%以下とする。好ましくはMo含有量を0.60%以下、より好ましくは0.40%以下とする。
Alは、脱酸剤として有効な元素である。また、AlはNとAlNを形成し、結晶粒を微細化させて、鋼板の靱性を向上させる。そのため、Al含有量を0.010%以上とする。好ましくはAl含有量を0.020%以上、より好ましくは0.030%以上とする。一方、Alを過剰に含有させると、鋼板の靭性の低下を生じるため、Al含有量を0.100%以下とする。好ましくはAl含有量を0.080%以下、より好ましくは0.070%以下とする。
Nは、AlやTiと窒化物を形成し、結晶粒を微細化させて、鋼板の靱性を向上させる元素である。そのため、N含有量を0.0020%以上とする。好ましくはN含有量を0.0030%以上、より好ましくは0.0040%以上とする。一方、Nを過剰に含有する場合は、粗大な窒化物が生成し、鋼板の靭性を低下させるため、N含有量を0.0100%以下とする。好ましくはN含有量を0.0080%以下、より好ましくは0.0060%以下とする。
Bは、鋼の焼入れ性を顕著に高め、特に鋼板の板厚中央部の硬度の向上に有効な元素である。そのため、B含有量を0.0003%以上とする。好ましくはB含有量を0.0005%以上、より好ましくは0.0007%以上、より一層好ましくは0.0010%以上とする。一方、Bを過剰に含有する場合は、硼化物を形成し、焼入れ性が低下し、鋼板の硬度を確保できなくなるため、B含有量を0.0020%以下とする。好ましくはB含有量を0.0018%以下、より好ましくは0.0016%以下とする。
Pは不純物であり、鋼板の靱性や加工性を低下させるため、P含有量を0.0200%以下に制限する。好ましくはP含有量を0.0150%以下、より好ましくは0.0100%以下とする。P含有量の下限は0%とすることが好ましいが、製造コストの観点から、P含有量は0.0001%以上であってもよい。
SもPと同様、不純物であり、鋼板の靱性を低下させることから、S含有量を0.0100%未満に制限する。好ましくはS含有量を0.0070%以下、より好ましくは0.0050%以下、より一層好ましくは0.0030%以下とする。S含有量の下限は0%が好ましいが、製造コストの観点から、S含有量は0.0001%以上であってもよい。
Cuは、微細な析出物を形成し、鋼板の強度の向上に寄与する元素であり、0.001%以上を含有させてもよい。より好ましくはCu含有量を0.050%以上、より一層好ましくは0.100%以上とする。一方、Cuを過剰に含有させると、鋼板の耐摩耗性を劣化させるため、Cu含有量の上限は0.500%以下とする。より好ましくはCu含有量を0.450%以下、より一層好ましくは0.400%以下とする。
Niは、鋼の焼入れ性を高めて、鋼板の硬度の向上に寄与する元素であり、0.05%以上を含有させてもよい。より好ましくはNi含有量を0.10%以上、より一層好ましくは0.20%以上とする。一方、Niは高価な合金元素であるため、コストの観点から、Ni含有量は1.00%以下とする。より好ましくはNi含有量を0.70%以下、より一層好ましくは0.50%以下とする。
Nbは、窒化物の形成や再結晶の抑制によって、結晶粒の細粒化に寄与する元素であり、鋼板の靱性を向上させるために、0.005%以上を含有させてもよい。より好ましくはNb含有量を0.007%以上、より一層好ましくは0.010%以上とする。一方、Nbを過剰に含有させると、鋼板の靭性を低下させることがあるため、Nb含有量は0.050%以下とする。より好ましくはNb含有量を0.030%以下、より一層好ましくは0.020%以下とする。
Vは、鋼板の硬度の向上に寄与する元素であり、0.010%以上を含有させてもよい。より好ましくはV含有量を0.020%以上、より一層好ましくは0.040%以上とする。一方、Vを過剰に含有させると、鋳片の割れが生じて製造性を損なう場合があるため、V含有量は0.120%以下とする。より好ましくはV含有量を0.100%以下、より一層好ましくは0.070%以下とする。
Tiは、TiNを形成し、結晶粒を微細化させて、鋼板の靱性を向上させる元素であり、0.005%以上を含有させてもよい。より好ましくはTi含有量を0.007%以上、より一層好ましくは0.010%以上とする。一方、Tiを過剰に含有させると、鋼板の靭性を低下させることがあるため、Ti含有量は0.025%以下とする。より好ましくはTi含有量を0.020%以下、より一層好ましくは0.015%以下とする。
<Mg:0~0.050%>
<REM:0~0.100%>
Ca、Mg、REMは、何れもSと結合して硫化物を形成し、熱間圧延によって延伸しにくい介在物を形成する元素であり、主に鋼板の靱性の改善に寄与する。一方、Ca、Mg、REMを過剰に含有させると、これらの元素がOとともに粗大な酸化物を形成し、鋼板の靭性が低下する場合がある。このため、Ca含有量、Mg含有量はそれぞれ、0.050%以下、REM含有量は0.100%以下とする。より好ましくはCa含有量、Mg含有量、REM含有量をそれぞれ、0.020%以下、より一層好ましくは0.010%以下または0.005%以下とする。一方、鋼板の靱性向上効果を得るためには、Ca含有量、Mg含有量はそれぞれ、0.0005%以上、REM含有量は0.001%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくはCa含有量、Mg含有量をそれぞれ、0.0007%以上、REM含有量を0.002%以上とする。
なお、REM(希土類金属元素)は、Sc、Y及びランタノイドからなる合計17元素を意味する。REMの含有量とは、これらの17元素の合計含有量を意味する。
Oは、鋼中に不純物として混入する場合があるが、粗大な酸化物を形成する元素であるため、O含有量は少ない方が好ましい。特に、O含有量が0.006%を超えると、鋼中に粗大な酸化物を形成し、鋼板の耐摩耗性が劣化するため、O含有量は0.006%以下とする。好ましくはO含有量を0.005%以下、より一層好ましくは0.004%以下とする。
Sbは、鋼原料としてスクラップから混入する元素である。特に、Sbを過剰に含有させると、鋼板の耐摩耗性が劣化するため、Sb含有量を0.01%以下とする。好ましくはSb含有量を0.007%以下、0.005%以下とする。
Snは、Sbと同様に、鋼原料としてスクラップから混入する元素である。特に、Snを過剰に含有させると、鋼板の耐摩耗性が劣化するため、Sn含有量を0.01%以下とする。好ましくはSn含有量を0.007%以下、0.005%以下とする。
Asは、Sb、Snと同様に、鋼原料としてスクラップから混入する元素である。特に、Asを過剰に含有させると、鋼板の耐摩耗性が劣化するため、As含有量を0.01%以下とする。好ましくはAs含有量を0.007%以下、0.005%以下とする。
なお、本実施形態に係る鋼板は、表層部から板厚中央部まで非常に高い硬さを示しており、引張強さも非常に高い。必要に応じて、室温での引張強さ(TS)を1000MPa以上、1200MPa以上、1350MPa以上または1500MPa以上としてもよい。前記引張強さの上限を特に定める必要はないが、2300MPa以下としてもよい。なお、引張強さは、全厚試験片(つまり、板状試験片)または鋼板表面から板厚Tの1/4離れた位置(T/4)から丸棒試験片を採取し、JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して測定する。
No.106はSi含有量が不足し、表層部の高温硬度が低下した例である。一方、No.107はSi含有量が多く、靱性が低下した例である。
Cr含有量が不足しているNo.110は、表層部硬度Hvs、板厚中央部硬度Hvc、及び表層部の高温硬度に加えて靭性も低下した例である。
Mo含有量が不足しているNo.112は、板厚中央部硬度Hvc、表層部の高温硬度、及び靭性が低下した例である。
Mn含有量が多いNo.109、Cr含有量が多いNo.111、Mo含有量が多いNo.113は、靭性が低下した例である。
B含有量が過剰であるNo.115は表層部硬度Hvs、板厚中央部硬度Hvc、及び表層部の高温硬度が低下した例である。
なお、すべての実施例において、O含有量は0.006%以下であり、且つ、Sb含有量、Sn含有量、及びAs含有量はすべて0.01%以下であった。
Claims (4)
- 質量%で、
C:0.20~0.35%、
Si:1.00%超~2.00%、
Mn:0.60~2.00%、
Cr:0.10~2.00%、
Mo:0.05~1.00%、
Al:0.010~0.100%、
N:0.0020~0.0100%、
B:0.0003~0.0020%、
P:0.0200%以下、
S:0.0100%未満、
Cu:0~0.500%、
Ni:0~1.00%、
Nb:0~0.050%、
V:0~0.120%、
Ti:0~0.025%、
Ca:0~0.050%、
Mg:0~0.050%、
REM:0~0.100%、及び
残部:Fe及び不純物であり、
下記式(1)で求められる指標Qが0.00以上であり、
下記式(2)で求められる炭素当量Ceq(%)が0.800%未満である化学組成を有し、
室温における表層部硬度に対する表層部硬度と板厚中央部硬度との差の割合が15.0%以下であるとともに室温における表層部硬度がビッカース硬さで400以上であり、
板厚Tが40mm以上である鋼板。
Q=0.18-1.3(logT)+0.75(2.7×[C]+[Mn]+0.45×[Ni]+0.8×[Cr]+2×[Mo]) ・・・ (1)
Ceq(%)=[C]+[Mn]/6+[Si]/24+[Ni]/40+[Cr]/5+[Mo]/4+[V]/4 ・・・ (2)
前記式(1)の指標Qは、板厚T(mm)の数値及び各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。前記式(2)の炭素当量Ceq(%)は、各元素Xの質量%での含有量[X]の数値を代入して計算し、元素Xを含有しない場合は0を代入する。 - 前記指標Qが0.04以上であり、
前記割合が13.0%以下である請求項1に記載の鋼板。 - 質量%で、
Ni:0.05~1.00%
である化学組成を有する請求項1又は請求項2に記載の鋼板。 - 質量%で、
Mn:0.63~2.00%
である化学組成を有する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の鋼板。
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