WO2018190432A1 - ソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法及びソフトカプセル集合体 - Google Patents
ソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法及びソフトカプセル集合体 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a soft capsule aggregate capable of producing a soft capsule aggregate having an average particle diameter of 800 ⁇ m or less and a soft capsule aggregate having an average particle diameter of 800 ⁇ m or less encapsulated with a gelatin film.
- Soft capsules are widely used in fields such as pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and agricultural chemicals. In recent years, reducing the particle size of soft capsules improves the uniformity of mixing when blended into powders, granulated products, and high-viscosity products, and also improves the texture and texture. Therefore, a microcapsule having a smaller particle size than the conventional one is required.
- Soft capsule manufacturing methods include a rotary method in which two film-forming sheets are punched and formed, a liquid that fills the capsule from the inner nozzle using a double nozzle, and a film that forms the capsule film from the outer nozzle A dropping method in which liquids are simultaneously discharged and dropped into a curable liquid is known (Patent Document 1).
- the dripping method can produce soft capsules with a smaller particle size than the rotary method, but the soft capsules that can be produced still have a particle size of 2 to 10 mm, and produce soft capsules of micron order with a particle size of less than 1 mm. Was difficult. Also, in order to produce a three-layered soft capsule as a dripping method, the content liquid is discharged from the inner nozzle using the triple nozzle, the protective liquid is discharged from the intermediate nozzle, and the coating liquid is discharged simultaneously from the outer nozzle into the hardening liquid. Although a dripping method has been proposed (Patent Document 2), the particle diameter of the obtained soft capsule was not different from that of the double nozzle.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a soft capsule manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a soft capsule having a particle size of less than 1 mm and having a particle size of less than 1 mm, and a soft capsule aggregate having a particle size of a micron order.
- the present inventors have started studying a method for producing soft capsules having a particle size of micron order. While proceeding with the study, the inventors of the present invention used a triple nozzle to discharge a film solution for forming a film from the outermost nozzle, whether it is a double nozzle or a triple nozzle. Then, the content liquid that becomes the contents of the capsule is discharged from the inner nozzle, the coating liquid is discharged from the intermediate nozzle, and the medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride (MCT) that is not a constituent component of the capsule is discharged from the outermost nozzle. It was discharged.
- MCT medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride
- the liquid droplets formed by the content liquid and the coating liquid can be made minute by the action of the discharge liquid from the outermost nozzle, and a soft capsule having a particle diameter of less than 1 mm can be produced.
- a soft capsule aggregate having an average particle size of 800 ⁇ m or less, 700 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, or 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
- the present invention is specified by the following items.
- (1) Using a triple nozzle comprising an inner nozzle, an intermediate nozzle outside the inner nozzle, and an outer nozzle outside the intermediate nozzle, the content liquid from the inner nozzle, the coating liquid from the intermediate nozzle, and the outer nozzle from the outer nozzle A method for producing a soft capsule aggregate having an average particle size of 800 ⁇ m or less, wherein a carrier liquid is discharged to form droplets, and the coating liquid of the droplets is cured.
- the discharge speed of the content liquid is 0.1 to 7.5 ml / hr
- the discharge speed of the coating liquid is 0.1 to 13.0 ml / hr
- the discharge speed of the carrier liquid is 0.1 to 6
- the method for producing a soft capsule aggregate according to the above (1), wherein the production rate is 0.0 ml / min.
- a soft capsule aggregate characterized in that it is an aggregate of soft capsules whose contents are encapsulated by a film containing gelatin and having an average particle diameter of 800 ⁇ m or less.
- a soft capsule aggregate having an average particle diameter of 800 ⁇ m or less can be produced. Moreover, the particle diameter of the soft capsule aggregate produced can be adjusted. According to the production method of the present invention, a soft capsule having a spherical shape, a smooth surface, and sufficient hardness can be produced. Since the soft capsule aggregate of the present invention is an aggregate of soft capsules having an average particle size of 800 ⁇ m or less, it has excellent mixing uniformity when blended into powders, granulated products and high-viscosity products. It is excellent in texture and texture when used. In particular, when blended in a granulated product, uniformity can be further improved by aligning the particle size of the granulated product with the particle size of the soft capsule aggregate.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the triple nozzle used with the manufacturing method of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of this invention, and subsequent washing
- 6 is a SEM image of a soft capsule obtained in Example 5.
- 7 is a SEM image of a soft capsule obtained in Example 6.
- 10 is a SEM image of the soft capsule obtained in Example 7. It is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of the soft capsule obtained in Example 11.
- the soft capsule manufacturing method of the present invention uses a triple nozzle comprising an inner nozzle, an intermediate nozzle outside the inner nozzle, and an outer nozzle outside the intermediate nozzle, and the content liquid from the inner nozzle and the coating liquid from the intermediate nozzle.
- the carrier liquid is discharged from the outer nozzle to form droplets, and the coating liquid of the droplets is cured.
- an intermediate nozzle is provided outside the inner nozzle so as to surround the inner nozzle
- an outer nozzle is provided outside the intermediate nozzle so as to surround the intermediate nozzle.
- each nozzle is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of uniforming the thickness of the coating without uneven distribution of contents, the shape of the discharge port of each nozzle is preferably annular, and each nozzle is arranged concentrically. More preferred. In addition, the discharge port end faces of the nozzles may or may not be aligned.
- the discharge port of the inner nozzle is slightly inside (indented) slightly from the discharge port of the intermediate nozzle, and the discharge port of the intermediate nozzle is slightly inward (inside) the discharge port of the outer nozzle. It is desirable to be in
- the flow rate of the liquid ejected from each nozzle in the manufacturing method of the present invention is set so that the liquid droplets ejected from the inner nozzle have a flow rate of 0.
- 1 to 7.5 ml / hr is preferable.
- Examples of the flow rate of the content liquid included in this range include 0.2 to 5.0 ml / hr, 0.5 to 5.0 ml / hr, and 0.2 to 3.0 ml / hr.
- the flow rate of the coating liquid discharged from the intermediate nozzle is preferably 0.1 to 13.0 ml / hr.
- the flow rate of the coating liquid included in this range is 0.2 to 13.0 ml / hr, 2.0 to 13.0 ml / hr, 0.2 to 12.0 ml / hr, 5.0 to 12.0 ml / hr and the like are exemplified.
- the flow rate of the carrier liquid discharged from the outer nozzle is preferably 0.1 to 6.0 ml / min.
- the flow rate of the carrier liquid included in this range is 0.1 to 5.0 ml / min, 0.1 to 4.0 ml / min, 0.1 to 3.0 ml / min, 0.2 to 6.0 ml / min. min, 0.2-5.0 ml / min, 0.2-4.0 ml / min, 0.2-3.0 ml / min, 0.3-5.0 ml / min, 0.3-4.0 ml / min
- Examples include min, 0.3 to 3.0 ml / min, 1.0 to 6.0 ml / min, 2.0 to 5.0 ml / min.
- the flow rate is a flow rate discharged from each nozzle per unit time, and is also referred to as a discharge speed in the present specification.
- the flow rate of the carrier liquid discharged from the outer nozzle is preferably larger than the flow rate of the content liquid discharged from the inner nozzle or the flow rate of the coating liquid discharged from the intermediate nozzle, and the flow rate of the liquid discharged from each nozzle.
- the ratio of (discharge speed) the ratio of the flow rate of the coating liquid to the flow rate of the content liquid is preferably 0.1 to 50.0.
- the ratio of the flow rate of the coating liquid to the flow rate of the content liquid included in this range is 0.1 to 40, 0.1 to 30, 0.1 to 20, 0.1 to 10, 0.5 to 50, 0.
- the ratio of the flow rate of the carrier liquid to the flow rate of the coating liquid is preferably 12.0 to 600.0.
- the ratio of the flow rate of the carrier liquid to the flow rate of the coating liquid included in this range is 12 to 500, 12 to 400, 12 to 300, 12 to 200, 12 to 100, 12 to 60, 50 to 600, 50 to 500. , 50-400, 50-300, 50-200, 50-100 and the like.
- the area of the opening of the discharge port of the inner nozzle is preferably 7500 to 32000 ⁇ m 2 .
- the area of the opening of the intermediate nozzle is preferably 25 to 100 times the area of the opening of the inner nozzle.
- the area of the opening of the discharge port of the outer nozzle is preferably 7500 to 38000 ⁇ m 2 .
- minute droplets in which the content liquid is encapsulated by the coating liquid are formed by the action of the carrier liquid.
- the flow rate of the content liquid discharged from the inner nozzle is 0.1 to 7.5 ml / hr
- the flow rate of the coating liquid discharged from the intermediate nozzle is 0.1 to 13.0 ml / hr.
- the average particle size is 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, 100 ⁇ m or less, 10 to 400 ⁇ m, 10 to 300 ⁇ m. It is preferably used for producing soft capsules of 10 to 200 ⁇ m, 10 to 100 ⁇ m, 50 to 400 ⁇ m, 50 to 300 ⁇ m, 50 to 200 ⁇ m, or 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a soft capsule is manufactured by curing the coating liquid of the formed droplet.
- the coating liquid may be cured by discharging the droplets into a gas and cooling to gel the coating liquid and curing it, or dropping the droplets into a curing liquid that gels the coating liquid to gel the film. It may be cured.
- the carrier liquid and the curable liquid remaining on the film can be removed by washing as necessary, and by drying this, the microparticles as dry powder can be obtained.
- a capsule assembly is obtained.
- the particle diameter can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the flow rate, flow rate, viscosity, etc.
- microcapsule aggregate having an average particle size of 800 ⁇ m or less, 700 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, or 100 ⁇ m or less is manufactured.
- Particles with a particle size of the order of microns are usually handled as aggregates, so-called powders, rather than being handled one by one, and in this case, the particle size is generally expressed as an average particle size.
- the soft capsule aggregate in the present invention means a collection of a plurality of soft capsules, and does not mean an integrated or a specific rule.
- the average particle size is analyzed with an image analysis software (WinROOF, Mitani Sangyo Co., Ltd.) with 50 or more samples (N number) using an image taken with a microscope digital camera (DP010, Olympus Optical Industry). Can be obtained.
- the soft capsules produced by the production method of the present invention can be used for various uses such as pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and agricultural chemicals, and the composition of the content liquid in the present invention is appropriately determined according to the use.
- Examples of the capsule content contained in the content liquid in the present invention are illustrated below, but are not limited thereto, and include a solvent as necessary.
- the content liquid may be in the form of a solution or a suspension.
- waxes and waxes shellac wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, whale wax, lanolin, liquid lanolin, reduced lanolin, hard lanolin, cyclic lanolin, lanolin wax, candelilla wax, molasses, montan wax, shellac wax, rice wax, etc.
- the hardened oil it is possible to contain a hardened vegetable oil obtained by hydrogenating vegetable fats, hardened beef fat, hardened tallow oil, and the like.
- lecithins examples include egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin, enzyme-degraded lecithin (lysolecithin), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, dicetylphosphate, stearylamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol amine, cardiolipin, Ceramide phosphoryl ethanolamine, ceramide phosphoryl glycerol and the like can be contained.
- the enzymatically decomposed lecithin is obtained, for example, by allowing phospholipase A 2 to act on egg yolk lecithin or soybean lecithin.
- mineral oil liquid paraffin, petrolatum, paraffin, ozokelide, ceresin, microcrystalline wax and the like can be contained.
- fatty acids lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, undecylenic acid, tall oil , Natural fatty acids such as lanolin fatty acid, isononanoic acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isopentanoic acid and the like, and fats and oils containing these fatty acids as fatty acid composition Etc. can be contained.
- vitamin A group retinol, retinal (vitamin A1), dehydroretinal (vitamin A2), carotene, lycopene (provitamin A), vitamin B group: fursultiamine, thiamine hydrochloride, thiamine sulfate (vitamin B1 ), Riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin (vitamin B12), folic acid, nicotinic acids, pantothenic acids, biotins, choline, inositols, vitamin C group: ascorbic acid or its derivatives, Vitamin D group: Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), dihydrotaxosterol, vitamin E group: vitamin E or its derivatives, ubiquinones, vitamin K group: phytonadione (vitamin) K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), menate
- pepper tincture red pepper oil, nonyl acid vanillamide, cantalis tincture, ginger tincture, ginger oil, mint oil, l-menthol, camphor, benzyl nicotinate, and the like can be contained.
- benzophenone derivatives (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid sodium, dihydroxydimethoxy Benzophenone, dihydroxydimethoxybenzophenone-sodium sulfonate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, tetrahydroxybenzophenone, etc.
- paraaminobenzoic acid derivatives paraaminobenzoic acid, ethyl paraaminobenzoate, glyceryl paraaminobenzoate, amyl paradimethylaminobenzoate, para Octyl dimethylaminobenzoate
- methoxycinnamate derivatives ethyl paramethoxycinnamate, isopropyl paramethoxycinnamate, paramethoxycinnamon
- whitening agents paraaminobenzoic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, anthranilic acid derivatives, coumarin derivatives, amino acid compounds, benzotriazole derivatives, tetrazole derivatives, imidazoline derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, dioxane derivatives, camphor derivatives, furan derivatives, pyrone derivatives, nucleic acids Derivatives, allantoin derivatives, nicotinic acid derivatives, vitamin C or derivatives thereof (vitamin C phosphate magnesium salt, vitamin C glucoside, etc.), vitamin E or derivatives thereof, kojic acid or derivatives thereof, oxybenzone, benzophenone, arbutin, guaiazulene, shikonin , Baicalin, baicalein, berberine, placenta extract, ellagic acid, lucinol and the like.
- tyrosinase activity inhibitors include vitamin C or derivatives thereof (vitamin C phosphate magnesium salt, vitamin C glucoside, etc.), hydroquinone or derivatives thereof (hydroquinone benzyl ether, etc.), kojic acid or derivatives thereof, vitamin E or derivatives thereof, N -Acetyltyrosine or its derivatives, glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, zinc peroxide, placenta extract, ellagic acid, arbutin, lucinol, silk extract, plant extract (camomile, mulberry, gardenia, touki, firewood, clara, mugwort, honeysuckle, Yellowfin, Butterflies, Pine-hod, Barley, Oyster, Hops, Hawthorn, Eucalyptus, Achillea millefolium, Artea, Keihi, Mankeishi, Hamamelis, Karaguawa or Yamaguwa, Life-surviving grass, bellflower, Toshishi
- phenylmercury hexachlorophene As a melanin reduction or decomposition substance, phenylmercury hexachlorophene, mercuric oxide, mercuric chloride, hydrogen peroxide solution, zinc peroxide, hydroquinone or a derivative thereof can be contained.
- hydroquinone As a turnover promoting action and cell activator, hydroquinone, lactic acid bacteria extract, placenta extract, ganoderma extract, vitamin A, vitamin E, allantoin, spleen extract, thymus extract, yeast extract, fermented milk extract, plant extract (aloe, ougone) , Horsetail, gentian, burdock, shikon, carrot, hamamelis, hops, yokoinin, mandarin duck, sea bream, pearl millet, red snapper, achacha, hypericum, cucumber, red pepper, mannen wax, parsley) and the like.
- succinic acid As astringents, succinic acid, allantoin, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, calamine, zinc paraphenol sulfonate, potassium aluminum sulfate, resorcin, ferric chloride, tannic acid (including catechin compounds), etc. can be included is there.
- SOD active oxygen scavenger
- catalase catalase
- glutathione peroxidase glutathione peroxidase
- Anti-inflammatory agents include ictamol, indomethacin, kaolin, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, methyl salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, d-camphor, dl-camphor, hydrocortisone, guaiazulene, camazulene, chlorpheniramine maleate, glycyrrhizic acid or its salts , Glycyrrhetinic acid or a salt thereof, licorice extract, coconut extract, age extract, propolis and the like.
- Antibacterial, bactericidal and antiseptics include acrinol, sulfur, calcium gluconate, chlorhexidine gluconate, sulfamine, mercurochrome, lactoferrin or hydrolysates thereof, alkyldiaminoethylglycine chloride solution, triclosan, sodium hypochlorite, chloramine T, salashi Powder, iodine compound, iodoform, sorbic acid or salt thereof, propionic acid or salt thereof, salicylic acid, dehydroacetic acid, parahydroxybenzoic acid esters, undecylenic acid, thiamine lauryl sulfate, thiamine lauryl nitrate, phenol, cresol, p- Chlorophenol, p-chloro-m-xylenol, p-chloro-m-cresol, thymol, phenethyl alcohol, o-phenylphenol, Irgasan CH3565,
- glycerin As humectants, glycerin, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin tricaprycapric acid, glycolic acid ( ⁇ -hydroxy acid), hyaluronic acid or its salt, chondroitin sulfate or its salt, water-soluble chitin or Derivatives or chitosan derivatives, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid or salts thereof, sodium lactate, urea, sorbitol, amino acids or derivatives thereof (valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, glycine, alanine, asparagine, glutamine, serine Cysteine, cystine, tyrosine, proline, hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxylysine, arginine, ornithine, histidine,
- glycolic acid citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, ferulic acid, phytic acid and the like can be contained.
- selenium disulfide for hair, selenium disulfide, alkylisoquinolinium bromide, zinc pyrithione, biphenamine, thianthol, castari tincture, pepper tincture, pepper tincture, quinine hydrochloride, strong ammonia water, potassium bromate, sodium bromate, thioglycol It can contain an acid or the like.
- natural animal fragrances such as musk, civet, castorium, ambergris, anise essential oil, angelica essential oil, ylang ylang essential oil, iris essential oil, fennel essential oil, orange essential oil, cananga essential oil, caraway essential oil, cardamom essential oil, guayakwood essential oil, cumin Essential oil, black letter essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, geranium essential oil, copaiba balsam essential oil, coriandel essential oil, perilla essential oil, cedarwood essential oil, citronella essential oil, jasmine essential oil, gingergrass essential oil, cedar essential oil, spearmint essential oil, western peppermint essential oil, large Perfume essential oil, tuberose essential oil, clove essential oil, orange flower essential oil, winter green essential oil, trout balsam essential oil, buttery essential oil, rose essential oil, palmarosa essential oil, persimmon essential oil, hiba essential oil, sandalwood essential oil, petit gren essential oil, bay essential oil
- fish oil, garlic, vitamin B1 so-called egg oil (brown to black liquid obtained by heating in low heat for a long time using an iron pan etc. with stirring egg yolk, a traditional health food material) Etc.
- the film liquid in the present invention can contain a film component usually used as a film of a soft capsule, and can contain a solvent such as water as necessary.
- the film component is not particularly limited, and may be a hydrophobic film component or a hydrophilic film component, but is preferably a hydrophilic film component.
- hydrophilic film components include gelatin, modified gelatin such as succinated gelatin, carrageenan, agar, sodium alginate, pullulan, glucomannan, gum arabic, fur cerelan, yukema algae, gellan gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
- modified gelatin such as succinated gelatin, carrageenan, agar, sodium alginate, pullulan, glucomannan, gum arabic, fur cerelan, yukema algae, gellan gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- One or a combination of two or more hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and starch can be exemplified, and gelatin or modified gelatin can be preferably exemplified.
- the film components include plasticizers such as glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, light-shielding agents such as titanium dioxide, pH adjusters such as sodium phosphate, chelating agents such as trisodium citrate and sodium metaphosphate, lactic acid Gelling accelerators such as calcium and potassium chloride, surfactants such as polyglycerin fatty acid ester and lecithin, flavoring agents, fragrances, preservatives, colorants, dissolution aids and the like may be added.
- various starches including modified starch, modified starch, starch, and starch degradation product
- various polysaccharides can also be contained as a film shaper.
- gelatin used in the coating solution of the present invention examples include, for example, cattle, pigs, chickens, fish skin, bones, tendons, etc. as raw materials, and heat extraction of crude collagen obtained by treatment with acid or alkali. Can be mentioned.
- modified gelatin such as gelatin hydrolyzate, enzyme degradation product, succinylated gelatin, and phthalated gelatin can also be used. Any kind of gelatin can be preferably used.
- the jelly strength of gelatin is preferably 100 to 300 g, and more preferably 130 to 250 g. The jelly strength can be measured according to JISK-6503 (2001).
- the gelatin content is preferably 1.0 to 10.0% by mass, more preferably 2.0 to 8.0% by mass with respect to water.
- carrageenans in addition to gelatin as a film component contained in the film liquid.
- the carrageenans used in the coating solution in the present invention are a kind of galactan having a sulfate group and are known to exist in red algae.
- Carrageenans can be classified into three types, iota carrageenan ( ⁇ carrageenan), kappa carrageenan ( ⁇ carrageenan), and lambda carrageenan ( ⁇ carrageenan), depending on the gelation characteristics and structure.
- ⁇ carrageenan and ⁇ carrageenan are preferable from the viewpoint of gelation ability.
- Carrageenans may be pure products or may contain standardized substances.
- 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from the group which consists of saccharides, such as sucrose, glucose, maltose, and lactose, and dextrin is mentioned.
- Sucrose and dextrin are preferred.
- As the dextrin acid-decomposed dextrin and enzyme-degraded dextrin are preferable.
- a blend raw material in which ⁇ carrageenan and ⁇ carrageenan are mixed in advance can also be used.
- the content of carrageenan used together with gelatin in the coating solution is preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by mass with respect to water.
- gelling agents such as carrageenans, agar, and gellan gum can be used in place of gelatin as the film component contained in the film liquid, and gelation of dextrin and starch degradation products can be performed. Substances that do not inhibit the above can also be used in combination as thickeners or fillers. By using these gelling agents, problems such as adhesion can be improved.
- the carrier liquid in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not mix with the film liquid.
- the film liquid contains a hydrophilic film component, various fats and oils, fatty acids, sugar fatty acid esters, aliphatic carbonization Examples include hydrophobic liquids such as hydrogen, aromatic hydrocarbons, chain ethers, higher fatty acid esters, higher alcohols, and terpenes.
- Various animal and vegetable oils / synthetic oils / refined oils such as coconut oil, peanut oil, EPA, DHA, shark liver oil, cod liver oil, medium chain fatty acid triglyceride (MCT), diacylglycerol, liquid paraffin, petrolatum, paraffin, ozokelide, ceresin, micro Mineral oils such as crystallin wax can be mentioned, and MCT can be preferably mentioned.
- the coating solution is usually prepared by setting the solution temperature to 70 to 90 ° C.
- the carrier temperature of the carrier solution can be adjusted to 15 to 25 ° C. (room temperature). It is preferable from the viewpoint of delaying the conversion rate and preventing the nozzle from clogging.
- the liquid temperature of the content liquid is preferably about the same as the film liquid.
- the curable liquid is not particularly limited as long as it does not mix with the coating liquid, and is exemplified by the carrier liquid. Things can be used. If the same component is used for the carrier liquid and the curable liquid, cleaning becomes easy.
- the soft capsules having an average particle size of 800 ⁇ m or less according to the present invention have a very small particle size, so that even when added to foods, a texture that is not uncomfortable can be obtained. Therefore, volatilization and alteration of the contents can be prevented in the capsule until the time of eating, and a food that does not have a sense of incongruity of contaminants can be obtained at the time of eating.
- the average particle size is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- Examples of the average particle diameter included in this range include 10 to 400 ⁇ m, 10 to 300 ⁇ m, 10 to 200 ⁇ m, 10 to 100 ⁇ m, 50 to 400 ⁇ m, 50 to 300 ⁇ m, 50 to 200 ⁇ m, and 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the soft capsule of the present invention since the soft capsule of the present invention has a small particle size, it can be uniformly mixed with a powder, a granulated product or a high viscosity product. Further, since the particle size of the soft capsule aggregate can be adjusted, it can be blended into various substrates without selecting the type of the substrate, the particle size of the powder, and the granulated product.
- the soft capsule of the present invention is excellent in mixing uniformity with various base materials, it is monodispersed in base materials used in pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, agricultural chemicals, etc. or processed products obtained by further processing base materials after mixing. It can exist in a state close to that. For example, when mixed in powder or granulated product, it can exist in a powder or granulated product as a single substance or in a state close to a single substance.
- the soft capsule of the present invention in food, by mixing the soft capsule of the present invention with a high viscosity product such as a raw material for gum or dough for noodles, the soft capsule of the present invention is dispersed in the high viscosity product in a single state or a state close to a single unit, This is present in the same state in the solidified product.
- a high viscosity product such as a raw material for gum or dough for noodles
- the triple nozzle A includes an inner nozzle 1, an intermediate nozzle 2, and an outer nozzle 3.
- the discharge port end surface of the inner nozzle 1 is provided at a position slightly behind the discharge port end surface of the intermediate nozzle 2, and the discharge port end surface of the intermediate nozzle 2 is from the discharge port end surface of the outer nozzle 3. It is provided in a slightly recessed position.
- the content liquid 4, the coating liquid 5 and the carrier liquid 6 are sent to the inner nozzle 1, the intermediate nozzle 2 and the outer nozzle 3 by the pump 13, respectively. When each liquid is discharged from the nozzle, a droplet in which the content liquid 4 is encapsulated in the coating liquid 5 is formed.
- the coating liquid 5 of the droplets is gelled and cured to prepare a soft capsule.
- the state at the time of soft capsule molding can be observed by a monitor 11 connected to the microscope objective lens 9 and the CCD camera 10, and the particle size of the soft capsule can be controlled by adjusting various conditions based on the observation.
- the soft capsule in the curable liquid 8 is filtered, washed, and then dried by freeze-drying or the like to obtain a dried soft capsule.
- Examples 1 to 11 The concentric triple nozzle shown in FIG. 1 is used, and the inner nozzles contain the content liquid (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) composed of MCT solution containing 0.1% of the synthetic colorant sudan III, and the intermediate nozzles are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- a coating liquid having the composition shown (liquid temperature: 80 ° C.) is discharged from the outer nozzle to form MCT (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) to form a three-layer liquid droplet, and the three-layer liquid droplet is in the MCT liquid (liquid temperature: liquid temperature: 20 ° C.).
- the obtained capsule was freeze-dried and washed to obtain a soft capsule.
- the discharge speed of the content liquid is 1.0 ml / hr in Examples 1 to 10, 0.2 ml / hr in Example 11, and the discharge speed of the coating liquid is 10.0 ml / hr in Examples 1 to 10.
- 11 was 0.2 ml / hr
- the carrier liquid discharge speed was 3.0 ml / min in Examples 1 to 10, and 0.3 ml / min in Example 11.
- the inner nozzle had an inner diameter of 250 ⁇ m
- the intermediate nozzle had an inner diameter of 800 ⁇ m
- the outer nozzle had an inner diameter of 1800 ⁇ m.
- the following gelatin, kappa carrageenan and MCT were used.
- the viscosity of the coating liquid of each formulation was measured using a cone plate viscometer (DV2T, Eihiro Seiki Co., Ltd.).
- the ratio of the carrier liquid discharge speed to the coating liquid discharge speed was 18 in Examples 1 to 10 and 90 in Example 11.
- Gelatin pig skin gelatin, manufactured by Zerais
- Carrageenan Mitsubishi Corporation Foodtech
- MCT Kio Corporation
- Examples 12 to 25 Using the same concentric triple nozzle as used in Examples 1 to 11, a content liquid (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) composed of an MCT solution containing 0.1% of the synthetic colorant sudanIII was used as an intermediate nozzle from the inner nozzle. , The coating liquid (liquid temperature: 80 ° C.) having the composition shown in Tables 4 to 7 is discharged from the outer nozzle, and MCT (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.) is discharged from the outer nozzle to form three-layer droplets. The solution was dropped into the MCT solution (liquid temperature: 20 ° C.). The obtained capsule was freeze-dried and washed to obtain a soft capsule.
- the discharge speed of the content liquid and the discharge speed of the coating liquid were 0.2 ml / hr, and the discharge speed of the carrier liquid was the speed shown in Tables 4-7.
- the ratio of the carrier liquid discharge speed to the coating liquid discharge speed was 90, 330, and 570 when the carrier liquid discharge speed was 0.3 ml / min, 1.1 ml / min, and 1.9 ml / min, respectively. .
- FIGS. 3 is a soft capsule obtained in Example 5
- FIG. 4 is a soft capsule obtained in Example 6
- FIG. 5 is an SEM image of the soft capsule obtained in Example 7.
- Soft capsules with a smooth particle surface were obtained by adding carrageenan to the coating (FIGS. 4 and 5).
- Example 11 An image obtained by photographing the soft capsule obtained in Example 11 with a microscope digital camera (DP010, Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.) was measured from the image using the image analysis software ImageJ (registered trademark) 1.46r, and the particle diameter of the granulated product was measured. A particle size distribution was created based on the results. The particle size distribution is shown in FIG.
- the span factor in Table 9 is an index represented by (particle diameter (d 90 ) in cumulative distribution 90% ⁇ particle diameter (d 10 ) in cumulative distribution 10%) / median diameter (d 50 ).
- the fine soft capsules obtained by the production method of the present invention can be suitably used for foods, beverages, tobacco, cosmetics, agricultural chemicals and the like including pharmaceuticals, general foods, functional foods, health foods and the like. Examples of general foods include confectionery such as chewing gum, candy, jelly, and chocolate. Cosmetics include toiletries such as shaving lotions, soaps, creams and foams, colons, and deodorants.
- agents include agents, antiperspirants, bath oils, shampoos, hair treatment compositions, conditioners, tanning lotions, talcum powders, face creams, hand creams, eye drops and the like.
- it can be used as a suspension injection for subcutaneous injection or intramuscular injection
- a flavor component or umami component to a food such as gum or noodles.
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Abstract
粒子径が1mm未満のミクロンオーダーであるソフトカプセルを製造できるソフトカプセルの製造方法、及びミクロンオーダーの粒子径を有するソフトカプセル集合体を提供するものである。内側ノズル、前記内側ノズルの外側の中間ノズル及び前記中間ノズルの外側の外側ノズルからなる三重ノズルを用い、前記内側ノズルから内容液を、前記中間ノズルから皮膜液を、前記外側ノズルからキャリア液を吐出して液滴を形成し、前記液滴の前記皮膜液を硬化させることを特徴とする平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
Description
本発明は、平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体を製造できるソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法及びゼラチン皮膜で被包された平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体に関する。
ソフトカプセルは、医薬品、食品、化粧品、農薬等の分野で広く使用されている。ソフトカプセルの粒子径を小さくすると、粉体、造粒物や高粘度物への配合の際、混合均一性が向上すること、また、食感や服用感が向上することから、近年、食品や医薬品の用途において、従来に比べて粒子径の小さいマイクロカプセルが求められている。ソフトカプセルの製造方法としては、2枚の皮膜形成用シートを打ち抜いて成形するロータリー法や、二重ノズルを使用し内側ノズルからカプセルに充填する内容液を、外側ノズルからカプセルの皮膜を形成する皮膜液を同時に吐出させて硬化液中に滴下する滴下法が知られている(特許文献1)。滴下法は、ロータリー法に比べて粒子径の小さいソフトカプセルを製造することができるが、それでも製造できるソフトカプセルの粒子径は2~10mmであり、粒子径が1mm未満のミクロンオーダーのソフトカプセルを製造することは難しかった。また、滴下法として三層構造のソフトカプセルを製造するために、三重ノズルを使用して内側ノズルから内容液を、中間ノズルから保護液を、外側ノズルから皮膜液を同時に吐出させて硬化液中に滴下する方法が提案されているが(特許文献2)、得られるソフトカプセルの粒子径は2重ノズルの場合と変わらなかった。
本発明の課題は、上記問題を解決し、粒子径が1mm未満のミクロンオーダーであるソフトカプセルを製造できるソフトカプセルの製造方法、及びミクロンオーダーの粒子径を有するソフトカプセル集合体を提供することにある。
本発明者らは、粒子径がミクロンオーダーのソフトカプセルを製造する方法の検討を開始した。検討を進めるなかで本発明者らは、従来二重ノズルであっても三重ノズルであっても最外層のノズルからは皮膜を形成するための皮膜液を吐出させていたところ、三重ノズルを用いて、カプセルの内容物となる内容液を内側ノズルから吐出し、皮膜液は中間ノズルから吐出させるようにして、最外層のノズルからは、カプセルの構成成分ではない中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド(MCT)を吐出させた。そうすると意外にも、最外層のノズルからの吐出液の作用により、内容液と皮膜液で形成される液滴を微小化でき、粒子径が1mm未満の微小粒子径のソフトカプセルを製造できることを見いだした。そして、この方法によれば、平均粒子径が800μm以下、700μm以下、600μm以下、500μm以下、400μm以下、300μm以下、200μm以下、あるいは100μm以下といった微小な粒子径のソフトカプセル集合体を製造することが可能になることを見いだした。本発明は、上記知見にもとづき完成されたものである。
すなわち、本発明は以下に示す事項により特定されるものである。
(1)内側ノズル、前記内側ノズルの外側の中間ノズル及び前記中間ノズルの外側の外側ノズルからなる三重ノズルを用い、前記内側ノズルから内容液を、前記中間ノズルから皮膜液を、前記外側ノズルからキャリア液を吐出して液滴を形成し、前記液滴の前記皮膜液を硬化させることを特徴とする平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(2)内容液の吐出速度が0.1~7.5ml/hrであり、皮膜液の吐出速度が0.1~13.0ml/hrであり、キャリア液の吐出速度が0.1~6.0ml/minであることを特徴とする上記(1)記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(3)キャリア液が中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドを含むことを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(4)皮膜液がゼラチンを含むことを特徴とする上記(1)~(3)のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(5)皮膜液がカラギナン類を含むことを特徴とする上記(1)~(4)のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(6)皮膜液を硬化させた後、洗浄及び乾燥を行うことを特徴とする上記(1)~(5)のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(7)ゼラチンを含む皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であり、平均粒子径が800μm以下であることを特徴とするソフトカプセル集合体。
(8)皮膜がカラギナン類を含むことを特徴とする上記(7)記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
(1)内側ノズル、前記内側ノズルの外側の中間ノズル及び前記中間ノズルの外側の外側ノズルからなる三重ノズルを用い、前記内側ノズルから内容液を、前記中間ノズルから皮膜液を、前記外側ノズルからキャリア液を吐出して液滴を形成し、前記液滴の前記皮膜液を硬化させることを特徴とする平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(2)内容液の吐出速度が0.1~7.5ml/hrであり、皮膜液の吐出速度が0.1~13.0ml/hrであり、キャリア液の吐出速度が0.1~6.0ml/minであることを特徴とする上記(1)記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(3)キャリア液が中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドを含むことを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(4)皮膜液がゼラチンを含むことを特徴とする上記(1)~(3)のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(5)皮膜液がカラギナン類を含むことを特徴とする上記(1)~(4)のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(6)皮膜液を硬化させた後、洗浄及び乾燥を行うことを特徴とする上記(1)~(5)のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
(7)ゼラチンを含む皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であり、平均粒子径が800μm以下であることを特徴とするソフトカプセル集合体。
(8)皮膜がカラギナン類を含むことを特徴とする上記(7)記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
本発明の製造方法によると、平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体を製造できる。また、製造されるソフトカプセル集合体の粒子径を調整できる。本発明の製造方法によると、球状で、表面が滑らかであり、充分な硬度を有するソフトカプセルを製造できる。本発明のソフトカプセル集合体は、平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセルの集合体であるため、粉体、造粒物や高粘度物へ配合する際の混合均一性に優れ、また、食品や医薬品に使用すると食感や服用感に優れる。特に、造粒物に配合する場合、造粒物の粒子径とソフトカプセル集合体の粒子径をそろえることで、より均一性を高めることができる。
本発明のソフトカプセルの製造方法は、内側ノズル、前記内側ノズルの外側の中間ノズル及び前記中間ノズルの外側の外側ノズルからなる三重ノズルを用い、前記内側ノズルから内容液を、前記中間ノズルから皮膜液を、前記外側ノズルからキャリア液を吐出して液滴を形成し、前記液滴の前記皮膜液を硬化させることを特徴とする。本発明の製造方法における三重ノズルは、内側ノズルの外側に内側ノズルを囲むように中間ノズルが設けられ、中間ノズルの外側に中間ノズルを囲むように外側ノズルが設けられている。各ノズルの形状は特に制限されないが、内容物が偏在せず皮膜の厚みを均一にする観点から、各ノズルの吐出口の形状は環状が好ましく、各ノズルが同心円状に配置されていることがより好ましい。また、各ノズルの吐出口端面は揃っていてもよく、揃っていなくてもよい。内側ノズルの吐出口は、中間ノズルの吐出口より若干中側(中にひっこんでいる)にあることが、中間ノズルの吐出口は外側ノズルの吐出口より若干中側(中にひっこんでいる)にあることが望ましい。本発明の製造方法における各ノズルから吐出される液の流量は、形成される液滴を微小化し、安定して液滴を形成する観点から、内側ノズルから吐出される内容液の流量は0.1~7.5ml/hrが好ましい。この範囲に包含される内容液の流量として、0.2~5.0ml/hr、0.5~5.0ml/hr、0.2~3.0ml/hr等が例示される。中間ノズルから吐出される皮膜液の流量は0.1~13.0ml/hrが好ましい。この範囲に包含される皮膜液の流量として、0.2~13.0ml/hr、2.0~13.0ml/hr、0.2~12.0ml/hr、5.0~12.0ml/hr等が例示される。外側ノズルから吐出されるキャリア液の流量は、0.1~6.0ml/minが好ましい。この範囲に包含されるキャリア液の流量として、0.1~5.0ml/min、0.1~4.0ml/min、0.1~3.0ml/min、0.2~6.0ml/min、0.2~5.0ml/min、0.2~4.0ml/min、0.2~3.0ml/min、0.3~5.0ml/min、0.3~4.0ml/min、0.3~3.0ml/min、1.0~6.0ml/min、2.0~5.0ml/min等が例示される。上記流量は単位時間当たりに各ノズルから吐出される流量であり、本願明細書では吐出速度ともいう。また、外側ノズルから吐出されるキャリア液の流量は、内側ノズルから吐出される内容液の流量や中間ノズルから吐出される皮膜液の流量より多いことが好ましく、各ノズルから吐出される液の流量(吐出速度)の比は、内容液の流量に対する皮膜液の流量の比は0.1~50.0が好ましい。この範囲に包含される内容液の流量に対する皮膜液の流量の比として、0.1~40、0.1~30、0.1~20、0.1~10、0.5~50、0.5~40、0.5~30、0.5~20、0.5~10、1~50、1~40、1~30、1~20、1~10等が例示される。皮膜液の流量に対するキャリア液の流量の比は12.0~600.0が好ましい。この範囲に包含される皮膜液の流量に対するキャリア液の流量の比として、12~500、12~400、12~300、12~200、12~100、12~60、50~600、50~500、50~400、50~300、50~200、50~100等が例示される。本発明の製造方法における内側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の面積は、7500~32000μm2が好ましい。中間ノズルの吐出口の開口部の面積は、内側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の面積の25~100倍が好ましい。また、微小な液滴を形成するために、外側ノズルの吐出口の開口部の面積は、7500~38000μm2が好ましい。本発明の製造方法では、各液がノズルから吐出される際に、キャリア液の作用により内容液が皮膜液で被包された微小な液滴が形成される。本発明の製造方法は、内側ノズルから吐出される内容液の流量が0.1~7.5ml/hrであり、中間ノズルから吐出される皮膜液の流量が0.1~13.0ml/hrであり、外側ノズルから吐出されるキャリア液の流量が0.1~6.0ml/minである場合、平均粒子径が400μm以下、300μm以下、200μm以下、100μm以下、10~400μm、10~300μm、10~200μm、10~100μm、50~400μm、50~300μm、50~200μm又は50~100μmのソフトカプセルを製造するために好適に用いられる。
本発明の製造方法では、液滴を形成した後、形成された液滴の皮膜液を硬化させることによりソフトカプセルを製造する。皮膜液の硬化は、前記液滴を気体中に放出して冷却し皮膜液をゲル化し、硬化させてもよく、前記液滴を皮膜液がゲル化する硬化液の中へ滴下してゲル化、硬化させてもよい。また、本発明の製造方法では、必要に応じて洗浄を行うことにより、皮膜に付着して残ったキャリア液や硬化液を除去することができ、これを乾燥することにより乾燥粉体としてのマイクロカプセル集合体が得られる。本発明の製造方法では、内容液、皮膜液及びキャリア液の流量、流速、粘性等を適宜調整することにより粒子径を制御することができ、1mm未満のミクロンオーダーのマイクロカプセルを製造することができる。また、本発明の製造方法によれば、平均粒子径が800μm以下、700μm以下、600μm以下、500μm以下、400μm以下、300μm以下、200μm以下、あるいは100μm以下といった粒子径のマイクロカプセル集合体を製造することができる。粒子径がミクロンオーダーの粒子は、通常一個一個を分離して扱うより、集合体、いわゆる粉体として扱われており、この場合、粒子径を平均粒子径で表すことは一般的である。本発明におけるソフトカプセル集合体とは、複数のソフトカプセルが集まったものの意味であり、一体化したものや特定の規則で配列したものを意味するものではない。ここで、平均粒子径は、顕微鏡デジタルカメラ(DP010、オリンパス光学工業)により撮影した画像を、画像解析ソフト(WinROOF、三谷産業株式会社)を使用して、サンプル数(N数)50以上で解析を行って求めることができる。
本発明の製造方法で製造されるソフトカプセルは、医薬品、食品、化粧品、農薬等種々の用途に利用することができ、本発明における内容液の組成は用途に応じて適宜決定される。以下に、本発明における内容液に含有されるカプセル内容物を例示するが、これらに制限されるものではなく、必要に応じて溶媒を含む。また、内容液の形態は、溶液状でも懸濁液状でもよい。
油脂類として、アボカド油、アーモンド油、亜麻仁油、ウイキョウ油、エゴマ油、オリーブ油、オリーブスクワレン、オレンジ油、オレンジラファー油、ゴマ油、ガーリックオイル、カカオ脂、カボチャ種子オイル、カミツレ油、カロット油、キューカンバー油、牛脂脂肪酸、ククイナッツ油、クランベリー種子油、玄米胚芽油、米油、小麦胚芽油、サフラワー油、シア脂、液状シア脂、シソ油、大豆油、月見草油、ツバキ油、トウモロコシ油、ナタネ油、ノコギリヤシエキスオイル、ハトムギ油、パーシック油、パセリ種子油、ヒマシ油、ヒマワリ油、ブドウ種子油、ボラージ油、マカデミアナッツ油、メドウホーム油、綿実油、落花生油、タートル油、ミンク油、卵黄油、魚油、パーム油、パーム核油、モクロウ、ヤシ油、長鎖・中鎖・短鎖の脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセライド、牛脂、豚脂、スクワレン、スクワラン、プリスタン、及び、これら油脂類の水素添加物等を含有可能である。
ロウ類及びワックス類として、シェラックロウ、ミツロウ、カルナバロウ、鯨ロウ、ラノリン、液状ラノリン、還元ラノリン、硬質ラノリン、環状ラノリン、ラノリンワックス、キャンデリラロウ、モクロウ、モンタンロウ、セラックロウ、ライスワックス等を含有可能である。硬化油として、植物油脂を水素添加して得られる植物硬化油、牛脂硬化油、豚脂硬化油等を含有可能である。
レシチン類としては、例えば、卵黄レシチン、大豆レシチン、酵素分解レシチン(リゾレシチン)、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、スフィンゴミエリン、ジセチルリン酸、ステアリルアミン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジン酸、ホスファチジルイノシトールアミン、カルジオリピン、セラミドホスホリルエタノールアミン、セラミドホスホリルグリセロール等を含有可能である。酵素分解レシチンは、例えば卵黄レシチン、大豆レシチンにホスホリパーゼA2を作用させて得られたものである。
鉱物油として、流動パラフィン、ワセリン、パラフィン、オゾケライド、セレシン、マイクロクリスタリンワックス等を含有可能である。
脂肪酸類として、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、ベヘン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、共役リノール酸、リノレン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、12-ヒドロキシステアリン酸、ウンデシレン酸、トール油、ラノリン脂肪酸等の天然脂肪酸、イソノナン酸、カプロン酸、2-エチルブタン酸、イソペンタン酸、2-メチルペンタン酸、2-エチルヘキサン酸、イソペンタン酸等の合成脂肪酸及び、これら脂肪酸を脂肪酸組成として含む油脂等を含有可能である。
ビタミン類として、ビタミンA群:レチノール、レチナール(ビタミンA1)、デヒドロレチナール(ビタミンA2)、カロチン、リコピン(プロビタミンA)、ビタミンB群:フルスルチアミン、チアミン塩酸塩、チアミン硫酸塩(ビタミンB1)、リボフラビン(ビタミンB2)、ピリドキシン(ビタミンB6)、シアノコバラミン、メチルコバラミン(ビタミンB12)、葉酸類、ニコチン酸類、パントテン酸類、ビオチン類、コリン、イノシトール類、ビタミンC群:アスコルビン酸又はその誘導体、ビタミンD群:エルゴカルシフェロール(ビタミンD2)、コレカルシフェロール(ビタミンD3)、ジヒドロタキステロール、ビタミンE群:ビタミンE又はその誘導体、ユビキノン類、ビタミンK群:フィトナジオン(ビタミンK1)、メナキノン(ビタミンK2)、メナテトレノン、メナジオン(ビタミンK3)、メナジオール(ビタミンK4)、その他、必須脂肪酸(ビタミンF)、カルニチン、フェルラ酸、γ-オリザノール、オロット酸、ビタミンP類(ルチン、エリオシトリン、ヘスペリジン)、ビタミンU等を含有可能である。また、その他にルテインも含有可能である。
刺激剤として、トウガラシチンキ、トウガラシオイル、ノニル酸バニルアミド、カンタリスチンキ、ショウキョウチンキ、ショウキョウ油、ハッカ油、l-メントール、カンフル、ニコチン酸ベンジル等を含有可能である。
紫外線吸収や遮断剤として、ベンゾフェノン誘導体(2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン-5-スルホン酸、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン-5-スルホン酸ナトリウム、ジヒドロキシジメトキシベンゾフェノン、ジヒドロキシジメトキシベンゾフェノン-スルホン酸ナトリウム、2,4-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン等)、パラアミノ安息香酸誘導体(パラアミノ安息香酸、パラアミノ安息香酸エチル、パラアミノ安息香酸グリセリル、パラジメチルアミノ安息香酸アミル、パラジメチルアミノ安息香酸オクチル等)、メトキシ桂皮酸誘導体(パラメトキシ桂皮酸エチル、パラメトキシ桂皮酸イソプロピル、パラメトキシ桂皮酸オクチル、パラメトキシ桂皮酸2-エトキシエチル、パラメトキシ桂皮酸ナトリウム、パラメトキシ桂皮酸カリウム、ジパラメトキシ桂皮酸モノ-2-エチルヘキサン酸グリセリル等)、サリチル酸誘導体(サリチル酸オクチル、サリチル酸フェニル、サリチル酸ホモメンチル、サリチル酸ジプロピレングリコール、サリチル酸エチレングリコール、サリチル酸ミリスチル、サリチル酸メチル等)、アントラニル酸誘導体(アントラニル酸メチル等)、ウロカニン酸誘導体(ウロカニン酸、ウロカニン酸エチル等)、クマリン誘導体、アミノ酸系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体、テトラゾール誘導体、イミダゾリン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、ジオキサン誘導体、カンファー誘導体、フラン誘導体、ピロン誘導体、核酸誘導体、アラントイン誘導体、ニコチン酸誘導体、ビタミンB6誘導体、ウンベリフェロン、エスクリン、桂皮酸ベンジル、シノキサート、オキシベンゾン、ジオキシベンゾン、オクタベンゾン、スリソベンゾン、ベンゾレソルシノール、アルブチン、グアイアズレン、シコニン、バイカリン、バイカレイン、ベルベリン、ネオヘリオパン、エスカロール、酸化亜鉛、タルク、カオリン等を含有可能である。
美白剤として、パラアミノ安息香酸誘導体、サルチル酸誘導体、アントラニル酸誘導体、クマリン誘導体、アミノ酸系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体、テトラゾール誘導体、イミダゾリン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、ジオキサン誘導体、カンファー誘導体、フラン誘導体、ピロン誘導体、核酸誘導体、アラントイン誘導体、ニコチン酸誘導体、ビタミンC又はその誘導体(ビタミンCリン酸エステルマグネシウム塩、ビタミンCグルコシド等)、ビタミンE又はその誘導体、コウジ酸又はその誘導体、オキシベンゾン、ベンゾフェノン、アルブチン、グアイアズレン、シコニン、バイカリン、バイカレイン、ベルベリン、胎盤エキス、エラグ酸、ルシノール等を含有可能である。
チロシナーゼ活性阻害剤として、ビタミンC又はその誘導体(ビタミンCリン酸エステルマグネシウム塩、ビタミンCグルコシド等)、ハイドロキノン又はその誘導体(ハイドロキノンベンジルエーテル等)、コウジ酸又はその誘導体、ビタミンE又はその誘導体、N-アセチルチロシン又はその誘導体、グルタチオン、過酸化水素、過酸化亜鉛、胎盤エキス、エラグ酸、アルブチン、ルシノール、シルク抽出物、植物エキス(カミツレ、クワ、クチナシ、トウキ、ワレモコウ、クララ、ヨモギ、スイカズラ、キハダ、ドクダミ、マツホド、ハトムギ、オドリコソウ、ホップ、サンザシ、ユーカリ、セイヨウノコギリソウ、アルテア、ケイヒ、マンケイシ、ハマメリス、カラグワ又はヤマグワ、延命草、桔梗、トシシ、続随子、射干、麻黄、センキュウ、ドッカツ、サイコ、ボウフウ、ハマボウフウ、オウゴン、牡丹皮、シャクヤク、ゲンノショウコ、葛根、甘草、五倍子、アロエ、ショウマ、紅花、緑茶、紅茶、阿仙薬、ブルーベリー、ツルレンゲ)等を含有可能である。
メラニン色素還元や分解物質として、フェニル水銀ヘキサクロロフェン、酸化第二水銀、塩化第一水銀、過酸化水素水、過酸化亜鉛、ハイドロキノン又はその誘導体等を含有可能である。
ターンオーバーの促進作用や細胞賦活物質として、ハイドロキノン、乳酸菌エキス、胎盤エキス、霊芝エキス、ビタミンA、ビタミンE、アラントイン、脾臓エキス、胸腺エキス、酵母エキス、発酵乳エキス、植物エキス(アロエ、オウゴン、スギナ、ゲンチアナ、ゴボウ、シコン、ニンジン、ハマメリス、ホップ、ヨクイニン、オドリコソウ、センブリ、トウキ、トウキンセンカ、アマチャ、オトギリソウ、キュウリ、タチジャコウソウ、マンネンロウ、パセリ)等を含有可能である。
収斂剤として、コハク酸、アラントイン、塩化亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、カラミン、パラフェノールスルホン酸亜鉛、硫酸アルミニウムカリウム、レゾルシン、塩化第二鉄、タンニン酸(カテキン化合物を含む)等を含有可能である。
活性酸素消去剤として、SOD、カタラーゼ、グルタチオンパーオキシダーゼ等を含有可能である。
抗酸化剤として、ビタミンC又はその塩、ステアリン酸エステル、ビタミンE又はその誘導体、ノルジヒドログアセレテン酸、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)、ヒドロキシチロソール、パラヒドロキシアニソール、没食子酸プロピル、セサモール、セサモリン、ゴシポール、プロポリス等を含有可能である。
過酸化脂質生成抑制剤として、β-カロチン、植物エキス(ゴマ培養細胞、アマチャ、オトギリソウ、ハマメリス、チョウジ、メリッサ、エンメイソウ、シラカバ、サルビア、マンネンロウ、南天実、エイジツ、イチョウ、緑茶)等を含有可能である。
抗炎症剤として、イクタモール、インドメタシン、カオリン、サリチル酸、サリチル酸ナトリウム、サリチル酸メチル、アセチルサリチル酸、塩酸ジフェンヒドラミン、d-カンフル、dl-カンフル、ヒドロコルチゾン、グアイアズレン、カマズレン、マレイン酸クロルフェニラミン、グリチルリチン酸又はその塩、グリチルレチン酸又はその塩、甘草エキス、シコンエキス、エイジツエキス、プロポリス等を含有可能である。
抗菌・殺菌・消毒薬として、アクリノール、イオウ、グルコン酸カルシウム、グルコン酸クロルヘキシジン、スルファミン、マーキュロクロム、ラクトフェリン又はその加水分解物、塩化アルキルジアミノエチルグリシン液、トリクロサン、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、クロラミンT、サラシ粉、ヨウ素化合物、ヨードホルム、ソルビン酸又はその塩、プロピオン酸又はその塩、サルチル酸、デヒドロ酢酸、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸エステル類、ウンデシレン酸、チアミンラウリル硫酸塩、チアミンラウリル硝酸塩、フェノール、クレゾール、p-クロロフェノール、p-クロロ-m-キシレノール、p-クロロ-m-クレゾール、チモール、フェネチルアルコール、o-フェニルフェノール、イルガサンCH3565、ハロカルバン、ヘキサクロロフェン、クロロヘキシジン、エタノール、メタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、2-フェノキシエタノール、1,2-ペンタンジオール、ジンクピリジオン、クロロブタノール、イソプロピルメチルフェノール、非イオン界面活性剤(ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテル等)、両性界面活性剤、アニオン界面活性剤(ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルサルコシンカリウム等)、カチオン界面活性剤(臭化セチルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、塩化メチルロザニリン)、ホルムアルデヒド、ヘキサミン、ブリリアントグリーン、マラカイトグリーン、クリスタルバイオレット、ジャーマル、感光素101号、感光素201号、感光素401号、N-長鎖アシル塩基性アミノ酸誘導体及びその酸附加塩、酸化亜鉛、ヒノキチオール、クジン、プロポリス等を含有可能である。
保湿剤として、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、1,3-ブチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、トリカプリルカプリン酸グリセリン、グリコール酸(α-ヒドロキシ酸)、ヒアルロン酸又はその塩、コンドロイチン硫酸又はその塩、水溶性キチン又はその誘導体或いはキトサン誘導体、ピロリドンカルボン酸又はその塩、乳酸ナトリウム、尿素、ソルビトール、アミノ酸又はその誘導体(バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、トレオニン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファン、リジン、グリシン、アラニン、アスパラギン、グルタミン、セリン、システイン、シスチン、チロシン、プロリン、ヒドロキシプロリン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、ヒドロキシリジン、アルギニン、オルニチン、ヒスチジンや、それらの硫酸塩、リン酸塩、硝酸塩、クエン酸塩、或いはピロリドンカルボン酸)等を含有可能である。
各種有機酸として、グリコール酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、乳酸、フェルラ酸、フィチン酸などを含有可能である。
頭髪用剤として、二硫化セレン、臭化アルキルイソキノリニウム液、ジンクピリチオン、ビフェナミン、チアントール、カスタリチンキ、ショウキョウチンキ、トウガラシチンキ、塩酸キニーネ、強アンモニア水、臭素酸カリウム、臭素酸ナトリウム、チオグリコール酸等を含有可能である。
香料として、ジャコウ、シベット、カストリウム、アンバーグリス等の天然動物性香料、アニス精油、アンゲリカ精油、イランイラン精油、イリス精油、ウイキョウ精油、オレンジ精油、カナンガ精油、カラウェー精油、カルダモン精油、グアヤクウッド精油、クミン精油、黒文字精油、ケイ皮精油、シンナモン精油、ゲラニウム精油、コパイババルサム精油、コリアンデル精油、シソ精油、シダーウッド精油、シトロネラ精油、ジャスミン精油、ジンジャーグラス精油、杉精油、スペアミント精油、西洋ハッカ精油、大茴香精油、チュベローズ精油、丁字精油、橙花精油、冬緑精油、トルーバルサム精油、バチュリー精油、バラ精油、パルマローザ精油、桧精油、ヒバ精油、白檀精油、プチグレン精油、ベイ精油、ベチバ精油、ベルガモット精油、ペルーバルサム精油、ボアドローズ精油、芳樟精油、マンダリン精油、ユーカリ精油、ライム精油、ラベンダー精油、リナロエ精油、レモングラス精油、レモン精油、ローズマリー(マンネンロウ)精油、和種ハッカ精油等の植物性香料、その他コーヒーフレーバー、ヨーグルトフレーバー等の合成香料等を含有可能である。
さらに、栄養補助成分や、健康食品成分を含有可能である。具体的には、魚油、にんにく、ビタミンB1、いわゆる卵油(昔ながらの健康食品素材で、卵黄を攪拌しながら鉄なべなどを用いて長時間弱火で加熱することで得られる褐色~黒色の液体)等が挙げられる。
本発明における皮膜液は、ソフトカプセルの皮膜として通常用いられる皮膜成分を含有することができ、必要に応じて水等の溶媒を含有することができる。本発明において、皮膜成分は特に制限されず、疎水性皮膜成分でも親水性皮膜成分でもよいが、親水性皮膜成分であることが好ましい。親水性皮膜成分としては、ゼラチン、コハク化ゼラチン等の修飾ゼラチン、カラギナン、寒天、アルギン酸ナトリウム、プルラン、グルコマンナン、アラビアゴム、ファーセレラン、ユーケマ藻類、ジェランガム、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、デンプン類等の親水性高分子の一種又は二種以上の組合せを挙げることができ、ゼラチン、又は修飾ゼラチンを好適に挙げることができる。また、皮膜成分に、グリセリン、ソルビトール、プロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール等の可塑剤、二酸化チタン等の遮光剤、リン酸ナトリウム等のpH調整剤、クエン酸三ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム等のキレート剤、乳酸カルシウム、塩化カリウム等のゲル化促進剤、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等の界面活性剤、呈味剤、香料、防腐剤、着色剤、溶解助剤などを添加してもよい。また、皮膜用腑形剤として、各種デンプン類(修飾デンプン、加工デンプン、デンプン、デンプン分解物を含む)、各種多糖類を含有ささせることもできる。
本発明における皮膜液に用いられるゼラチンとしては、例えば、牛、豚、鶏、魚等の皮、骨、腱等を原料とし、酸又はアルカリで処理して得られる粗コラーゲンを加熱抽出して製造されたものを挙げることができる。また、ゼラチンの加水分解物や酵素分解物、コハク化ゼラチン、フタル化ゼラチン等の修飾ゼラチンを用いることもできる。どの種類のゼラチンも好ましく使用することができる。ゼラチンのゼリー強度は、100~300gが好ましく、更には130~250gがより好ましい。ゼリー強度は、JISK-6503(2001)に準拠して測定できる。皮膜液として、ゼラチンと水を使用する場合、ゼラチンの含有量は、水に対して1.0~10.0質量%が好ましく、2.0~8.0質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の製造方法では、皮膜液に含有される皮膜成分として、ゼラチンに加えてカラギナン類を使用することが好ましい。カラギナン類を加えることにより、得られるマイクロカプセルの表面を滑らかにし、粒子硬度をより高くすることができる。本発明における皮膜液に用いられるカラギナン類は、硫酸基をもつガラクタンの一種であり、紅藻類に存在していることが知られている。カラギナン類は、ゲル化特性や構造の違いにより、主にイオタカラギナン(ιカラギナン)、カッパカラギナン(κカラギナン)、ラムダカラギナン(λカラギナン)の3種類に分類できる。なお、日本の食品添加物の規定では、「精製カラギナン」、「加工ユーケマ藻類」、「ユーケマ藻末」の3種類が規定されている(日本食品添加物協会刊、「既存添加物名簿収載品目リスト注解書」(1999)参照)が、これらは精製度が異なるのみで、本質的には全て本発明における皮膜液に用いられるカラギナン類に含まれる。本発明においては、ゲル化能の点から、ιカラギナンやκカラギナンが好ましい。なお、カラギナン類は、それぞれ純粋品でもよいし、標準化物質を含んだものも利用することができる。ここで、標準化物質としては、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、マルトース、乳糖等の糖類及びデキストリンからなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上が挙げられる。好ましくはショ糖、デキストリンである。デキストリンとしては、酸分解デキストリンと酵素分解デキストリンが好ましい。また、ιカラギナンとκカラギナンを、あらかじめ混合してあるブレンド原料も利用可能である。ゼラチンと共に用いるカラギナンの皮膜液中の含有量は、水に対して0.1~1.0質量%が好ましく、0.1~0.8質量%がより好ましい。また、本発明の製造方法では、皮膜液に含有される皮膜成分として、ゼラチンに代えてカラギナン類、寒天、ジェランガムなどのゲル化剤を使用することもでき、デキストリンや澱粉分解物などのゲル化を阻害しない物質を濃化剤又は充填剤として併用することもできる。これらのゲル化剤を用いることにより、付着の問題などを改善できる。
本発明におけるキャリア液は、皮膜液と混じり合わないものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、皮膜液が親水性皮膜成分を含む場合、各種油脂類、脂肪酸類、糖の脂肪酸エステル、脂肪族炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、鎖状エーテル、高級脂肪酸エステル、高級アルコール、テルペン類等の疎水性液体を挙げることができる。具体的には、サフラワー油、亜麻仁油、エゴマ油、オリーブ油、からし油、ゴマ油、コーン油、大豆油、月見草油、テルペン油、ナタネ油、パーム油、パーム核油、ホホバ油、綿実油、ヤシ油、落花生油、EPA、DHA、サメ肝油、タラ肝油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド(MCT)、ジアシルグリセロール等の各種動植物油・合成油・精製油、流動パラフィン、ワセリン、パラフィン、オゾケライド、セレシン、マイクロクリスタリンワックス等の鉱物油などを挙げることができ、MCTを好適に挙げることができる。皮膜液にゼラチンと水を使用する場合、通常液温を70~90℃にして皮膜液を調製するが、キャリア液は液温を15℃~25℃(室温)にすることが、ポリマーのゲル化速度を遅延させ、ノズルが詰まることを防止する観点から好ましい。内容液の液温は皮膜液と同程度が好ましい。また、形成された液滴を硬化液の中に滴下して冷却し、ゲル化、固化させる場合、硬化液は皮膜液と混じり合わないものであれば特に限定されず、上記キャリア液で例示したものを使用できる。キャリア液と硬化液に同じ成分を使用すれば、洗浄が容易になる。
本発明の平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセルは、粒子径が非常に小さいため、食品に添加しても違和感のない食感を得ることができる。そのため、喫食時までカプセル内で内容物の揮発や変質を防ぎ、喫食時には混入物の違和感のない食品を得ることができる。食感をより良くする観点から、平均粒子径は500μm以下が好ましく、400μm以下がより好ましく、300μm以下が好ましく、200μm以下がより好ましく、100μm以下がさらに好ましい。この範囲に包含される平均粒子径として、10~400μm、10~300μm、10~200μm、10~100μm、50~400μm、50~300μm、50~200μm、50~100μm等が例示される。また、本発明のソフトカプセルは、粒子径が小さいため、粉体、造粒物や高粘度物とも均一に混合できる。また、ソフトカプセル集合体の粒子径の調整が可能なので、基材の種類や粉体、造粒物の粒子径を選ばずに様々な基材に配合することができる。特にゼラチンを皮膜に使用すると、皮膜として充分な強度を有し、喫食時には適度な溶解性を有するソフトカプセルとなる。さらに、皮膜にゼラチンに加えてカラギナン類を添加すると、ソフトカプセルの表面が滑らかになり、皮膜の均一性や使用時の流動性に優れる。本発明のソフトカプセルは、各種基材との混合均一性に優れるので、医薬品、食品、化粧品、農薬等において使用される基材中や混合後の基材を更に加工した加工品中で単分散あるいはそれに近い状態で存在することができる。例えば、粉体、造粒物に混合した場合、粉体、造粒物中で単体あるいは単体に近い状態で存在することができる。また、食品において、ガムの原料や麺類の生地等の高粘度物に本発明のソフトカプセルを混合することにより、本発明のソフトカプセルが高粘度物中に単体の状態あるいは単体に近い状態で分散され、これを固形化した製品中に同様の状態で存在する。
本発明のソフトカプセルの製造方法について、図1及び2を用いてさらに説明する。三重ノズルAは、内側ノズル1、中間ノズル2及び外側ノズル3からなる。図1の三重ノズルAでは、内側ノズル1の吐出口端面は、中間ノズル2の吐出口端面より若干奥まった位置に設けられ、中間ノズル2の吐出口端面は、外側ノズル3の吐出口端面より若干奥まった位置に設けられている。内容液4、皮膜液5及びキャリア液6は、ポンプ13により内側ノズル1、中間ノズル2及び外側ノズル3にそれぞれ送られる。各液がノズルから吐出される際に内容液4が皮膜液5に被包された液滴が形成される。この液滴を捕集容器7内の硬化液8に滴下することにより、液滴の皮膜液5をゲル化し硬化させてソフトカプセルを調製する。顕微鏡対物レンズ9及びCCDカメラ10とつながったモニター11によりソフトカプセル成形時の様子を観察し、観察に基づいて諸条件を調整してソフトカプセルの粒子径を制御することができる。図2に示したように、硬化液8中のソフトカプセルを濾過し、洗浄後、凍結乾燥等で乾燥することにより乾燥した状態のソフトカプセルを得ることができる。
[実施例1~11]
図1に記載の同心三重ノズルを用い、内側ノズルからは合成着色料sudanIIIを0.1%含有するMCT溶液からなる内容液(液温:20℃)を、中間ノズルからは表1~3に示す組成からなる皮膜液(液温:80℃)を、外側ノズルからはMCT(液温:20℃)を吐出させて三層液滴とし、かかる三層液滴をMCT液中(液温:20℃)に滴下した。得られたカプセルを凍結乾燥、洗浄してソフトカプセルを得た。内容液の吐出速度は、実施例1~10では1.0ml/hr、実施例11では0.2ml/hr、皮膜液の吐出速度は、実施例1~10では10.0ml/hr、実施例11では0.2ml/hr、キャリア液の吐出速度は、実施例1~10では3.0ml/min、実施例11では0.3ml/minとした。内側ノズルの吐出口の内径は250μm、中間ノズルの吐出口の内径は800μm、外側ノズルの吐出口の内径は1800μmであった。ゼラチン、κカラギナン及びMCTは、以下のものを使用した。また、各配合の皮膜液の粘度は、コーンプレート型粘度計(DV2T、英弘精機株式会社)を用いて測定した。皮膜液の吐出速度に対するキャリア液の吐出速度の比は、実施例1~10では18、実施例11では90であった。
ゼラチン(豚皮ゼラチン、ゼライス社製)
κカラギナン(三菱商事フードテック社製)
MCT(花王社製)
図1に記載の同心三重ノズルを用い、内側ノズルからは合成着色料sudanIIIを0.1%含有するMCT溶液からなる内容液(液温:20℃)を、中間ノズルからは表1~3に示す組成からなる皮膜液(液温:80℃)を、外側ノズルからはMCT(液温:20℃)を吐出させて三層液滴とし、かかる三層液滴をMCT液中(液温:20℃)に滴下した。得られたカプセルを凍結乾燥、洗浄してソフトカプセルを得た。内容液の吐出速度は、実施例1~10では1.0ml/hr、実施例11では0.2ml/hr、皮膜液の吐出速度は、実施例1~10では10.0ml/hr、実施例11では0.2ml/hr、キャリア液の吐出速度は、実施例1~10では3.0ml/min、実施例11では0.3ml/minとした。内側ノズルの吐出口の内径は250μm、中間ノズルの吐出口の内径は800μm、外側ノズルの吐出口の内径は1800μmであった。ゼラチン、κカラギナン及びMCTは、以下のものを使用した。また、各配合の皮膜液の粘度は、コーンプレート型粘度計(DV2T、英弘精機株式会社)を用いて測定した。皮膜液の吐出速度に対するキャリア液の吐出速度の比は、実施例1~10では18、実施例11では90であった。
ゼラチン(豚皮ゼラチン、ゼライス社製)
κカラギナン(三菱商事フードテック社製)
MCT(花王社製)
[実施例12~25]
実施例1~11で使用したものと同じ同心三重ノズルを用いて、内側ノズルからは合成着色料sudanIIIを0.1%含有するMCT溶液からなる内容液(液温:20℃)を、中間ノズルからは表4~7に示す組成からなる皮膜液(液温:80℃)を、外側ノズルからはMCT(液温:20℃)を吐出させて三層液滴とし、かかる三層液滴をMCT液中(液温:20℃)に滴下した。得られたカプセルを凍結乾燥、洗浄してソフトカプセルを得た。内容液の吐出速度及び皮膜液の吐出速度は0.2ml/hrとし、キャリア液の吐出速度は表4~7に示す速度とした。皮膜液の吐出速度に対するキャリア液の吐出速度の比は、キャリア液の吐出速度が0.3ml/min、1.1ml/min、1.9ml/minの場合、それぞれ90、330、570であった。
実施例1~11で使用したものと同じ同心三重ノズルを用いて、内側ノズルからは合成着色料sudanIIIを0.1%含有するMCT溶液からなる内容液(液温:20℃)を、中間ノズルからは表4~7に示す組成からなる皮膜液(液温:80℃)を、外側ノズルからはMCT(液温:20℃)を吐出させて三層液滴とし、かかる三層液滴をMCT液中(液温:20℃)に滴下した。得られたカプセルを凍結乾燥、洗浄してソフトカプセルを得た。内容液の吐出速度及び皮膜液の吐出速度は0.2ml/hrとし、キャリア液の吐出速度は表4~7に示す速度とした。皮膜液の吐出速度に対するキャリア液の吐出速度の比は、キャリア液の吐出速度が0.3ml/min、1.1ml/min、1.9ml/minの場合、それぞれ90、330、570であった。
[得られたソフトカプセルの評価(実施例1~25)]
(表面形状の観察)
得られたソフトカプセルの表面形状を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察した。観察結果を図3~5に示す。図3は実施例5で得られたソフトカプセル、図4は実施例6で得られたソフトカプセル、図5は実施例7で得られたソフトカプセルのSEM画像である。皮膜にカラギナンを加えることにより粒子表面が滑らかなソフトカプセルが得られた(図4及び5)。
(表面形状の観察)
得られたソフトカプセルの表面形状を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察した。観察結果を図3~5に示す。図3は実施例5で得られたソフトカプセル、図4は実施例6で得られたソフトカプセル、図5は実施例7で得られたソフトカプセルのSEM画像である。皮膜にカラギナンを加えることにより粒子表面が滑らかなソフトカプセルが得られた(図4及び5)。
(粒子径の測定)
実施例で得られたソフトカプセルを顕微鏡デジタルカメラ(DP010、オリンパス光学工業)により撮影した画像を、画像解析ソフト(WinROOF、三谷産業株式会社)を用いて解析し、平均粒子径を求めた。結果を表8及び9に示す。表8及び9に示されるように、いずれの実施例においても平均粒子径が400μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体が得られ、条件を調整することにより平均粒子径が300μm以下、200μm以下、あるいは100μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体を得ることができた。実施例11で得られたソフトカプセルを顕微鏡デジタルカメラ(DP010、オリンパス光学工業)により撮影した画像を画像解析ソフトImageJ(登録商標)1.46rを用いて画像から造粒物の粒子径を測定した。その結果に基づき粒度分布を作成した。粒度分布を図6に示す。また、表9におけるスパンファクターとは、(累積分布90%における粒子径(d90)-累積分布10%における粒子径(d10))/メジアン径(d50)で表される指標である。
実施例で得られたソフトカプセルを顕微鏡デジタルカメラ(DP010、オリンパス光学工業)により撮影した画像を、画像解析ソフト(WinROOF、三谷産業株式会社)を用いて解析し、平均粒子径を求めた。結果を表8及び9に示す。表8及び9に示されるように、いずれの実施例においても平均粒子径が400μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体が得られ、条件を調整することにより平均粒子径が300μm以下、200μm以下、あるいは100μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体を得ることができた。実施例11で得られたソフトカプセルを顕微鏡デジタルカメラ(DP010、オリンパス光学工業)により撮影した画像を画像解析ソフトImageJ(登録商標)1.46rを用いて画像から造粒物の粒子径を測定した。その結果に基づき粒度分布を作成した。粒度分布を図6に示す。また、表9におけるスパンファクターとは、(累積分布90%における粒子径(d90)-累積分布10%における粒子径(d10))/メジアン径(d50)で表される指標である。
(粒子硬度の測定)
得られたソフトカプセルの硬度を粒子硬度測定装置(GRANO Win Ver4.0)を用いて測定し、粒子硬度を求めた。結果を表10に示す。表10に示されるように、いずれの実施例においてもカプセル内容物を保護するのに充分な硬度を有するソフトカプセルが得られた。
得られたソフトカプセルの硬度を粒子硬度測定装置(GRANO Win Ver4.0)を用いて測定し、粒子硬度を求めた。結果を表10に示す。表10に示されるように、いずれの実施例においてもカプセル内容物を保護するのに充分な硬度を有するソフトカプセルが得られた。
本発明の製造方法によると、粒子径が1mm未満のミクロンオーダーであるソフトカプセル、特に平均粒子径が800μm以下、500μm以下、400μm以下、300μm以下、200μm以下、あるいは100μm以下の微小なソフトカプセル集合体を製造できる。本発明の製造方法により得られた微小なソフトカプセルは、医薬品、一般食品、機能性食品、健康食品等を含む食品、飲料、煙草、化粧品、農薬等に好適に使用できる。一般食品としては、例えば、チューインガム、キャンディー、ゼリー、チョコレート等の菓子類を含み、化粧品としては、シェービングローション類、石鹸類、クリーム類およびフォーム類のような洗面用化粧品類、コロン類、消臭剤類、制汗剤類、バスオイル類、シャンプー類、頭髪トリートメント組成物、コンディショナー類、日焼けローション類、タルカムパウダー類、フェースクリーム類、ハンドクリーム類、点眼液類などを含む。例えば、医薬品の分野では、皮下注射や筋肉注射用の懸濁性注射剤に使用することができ、食品の分野では、ガムや麺類等の食品に香味成分やうま味成分等を添加するために使用することができ、煙草のフレーバー用にフィルターに使用することができる。また、殺虫剤や殺鼠剤に使用すれば小さな生き物にも食べさせることができ、雨で溶けだす除草剤としても使用できる。
A 三重ノズル
1 内側ノズル
2 中間ノズル
3 外側ノズル
4 内容液
5 皮膜液
6 キャリア液
7 捕集容器
8 硬化液
9 顕微鏡対物レンズ
10 CCDカメラ
11 モニター
12 ライト
13 ポンプ
1 内側ノズル
2 中間ノズル
3 外側ノズル
4 内容液
5 皮膜液
6 キャリア液
7 捕集容器
8 硬化液
9 顕微鏡対物レンズ
10 CCDカメラ
11 モニター
12 ライト
13 ポンプ
Claims (8)
- 内側ノズル、前記内側ノズルの外側の中間ノズル及び前記中間ノズルの外側の外側ノズルからなる三重ノズルを用い、前記内側ノズルから内容液を、前記中間ノズルから皮膜液を、前記外側ノズルからキャリア液を吐出して液滴を形成し、前記液滴の前記皮膜液を硬化させることを特徴とする平均粒子径が800μm以下のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
- 内容液の吐出速度が0.1~7.5ml/hrであり、皮膜液の吐出速度が0.1~13.0ml/hrであり、キャリア液の吐出速度が0.1~6.0ml/minであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
- キャリア液が中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
- 皮膜液がゼラチンを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
- 皮膜液がカラギナン類を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
- 皮膜液を硬化させた後、洗浄及び乾燥を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか記載のソフトカプセル集合体の製造方法。
- ゼラチンを含む皮膜で内容物が被包されたソフトカプセルの集合体であり、平均粒子径が800μm以下であることを特徴とするソフトカプセル集合体。
- 皮膜がカラギナン類を含むことを特徴とする請求項7記載のソフトカプセル集合体。
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JP2021528043A (ja) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-10-21 | ケーティー・アンド・ジー・コーポレーション | 三重カプセル及びそれを製造する装置及び方法 |
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JPS5933018B2 (ja) * | 1980-03-17 | 1984-08-13 | 森下仁丹株式会社 | 高融点物質のマイクロカプセル製造方法とその製造装置 |
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JP4217029B2 (ja) | 2002-05-13 | 2009-01-28 | 森下仁丹株式会社 | シームレスカプセル |
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US4422985A (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1983-12-27 | Morishita Jintan Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for encapsulation of a liquid or meltable solid material |
JPH11509768A (ja) * | 1995-03-29 | 1999-08-31 | ワーナー−ランバート・カンパニー | 継ぎ目なしカプセル |
JP2004105282A (ja) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-04-08 | Freunt Ind Co Ltd | 口腔内即溶シームレスカプセルの製造方法 |
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JP7323253B2 (ja) | 2018-12-04 | 2023-08-08 | ケーティー アンド ジー コーポレイション | 三重カプセル及びそれを製造する装置及び方法 |
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