WO2018159595A1 - ヒドロシリル化反応、水素化反応およびヒドロシラン還元反応用触媒 - Google Patents
ヒドロシリル化反応、水素化反応およびヒドロシラン還元反応用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018159595A1 WO2018159595A1 PCT/JP2018/007204 JP2018007204W WO2018159595A1 WO 2018159595 A1 WO2018159595 A1 WO 2018159595A1 JP 2018007204 W JP2018007204 W JP 2018007204W WO 2018159595 A1 WO2018159595 A1 WO 2018159595A1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005104 aryl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LJWBIAMZBJWAOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzhydryloxysilane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O[SiH3])C1=CC=CC=C1 LJWBIAMZBJWAOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IVCLWZNJDJEIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-isocyanophenyl) benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C(C1=CC(C(=O)OC2=C(C=CC=C2)[N+]#[C-])=CC=C1)(=O)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)[N+]#[C-] IVCLWZNJDJEIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUZQBDZMHJUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-isocyanophenyl) butanedioate Chemical compound C(CCC(=O)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)[N+]#[C-])(=O)OC1=C(C=CC=C1)[N+]#[C-] DUZQBDZMHJUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical compound [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UGUYQBMBIJFNRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UGUYQBMBIJFNRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LKKFBCXZHOATNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) phosphite Chemical compound [Co+3].[O-]P([O-])[O-] LKKFBCXZHOATNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XYZMOVWWVXBHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl isocyanide Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1CCCCC1 XYZMOVWWVXBHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006547 cyclononyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MHDIVRGCDHHRIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(phenyl)silicon Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MHDIVRGCDHHRIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYYQWMDBQFSCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethylsilane Chemical compound COC([SiH3])OC XYYQWMDBQFSCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QSACPWSIIRFHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphenyl isocyanide Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C#N QSACPWSIIRFHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIRGFSKAFYZMKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl(silyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[SiH]([SiH3])C1=CC=CC=C1 NIRGFSKAFYZMKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOYSNKVXNZSWCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilanyl(phenyl)silane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 DOYSNKVXNZSWCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCSJLQSCSDMKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C=C GCSJLQSCSDMKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BITPLIXHRASDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-[ethenyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C=C BITPLIXHRASDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBGQQKKTDDNCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-diethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C=C)OCC MBGQQKKTDDNCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JEWCZPTVOYXPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-ethoxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)C=C JEWCZPTVOYXPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUFVQEIPPHHQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-methoxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C=C NUFVQEIPPHHQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYZCGQUXJPHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylsulfanylmethylbenzene Chemical compound C=CSCC1=CC=CC=C1 RYZCGQUXJPHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- FJKCDSVHCNEOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[SiH](OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FJKCDSVHCNEOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004698 iron complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BMPCFAVGGPXHFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanocycloheptane Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1CCCCCC1 BMPCFAVGGPXHFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMIXWJQKUQVEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanocyclopropane Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1CC1 AMIXWJQKUQVEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIWNFZUWWRVGEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanomethylbenzene Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]CC1=CC=CC=C1 RIWNFZUWWRVGEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OKHRRIGNGQFVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(diphenyl)silicon Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OKHRRIGNGQFVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMBKPYJJYUKNFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfanylethene Chemical compound CSC=C AMBKPYJJYUKNFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBCKRQRXNXQQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CC=C GBCKRQRXNXQQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(octadecanoylamino)methyl]octadecanamide Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSBLVBBRXSCOKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl isocyanide Chemical compound CCCC[N+]#[C-] FSBLVBBRXSCOKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SQGBZKZDUMBTIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound C=CCNC1CCCCC1 SQGBZKZDUMBTIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRLBVBBEFRWHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-yl-n-prop-2-enylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)CC=C WRLBVBBEFRWHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFDKYFGBIQQMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl isocyanide Chemical compound CCC[N+]#[C-] FFDKYFGBIQQMSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004998 naphthylethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)CC* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- RCIBIGQXGCBBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanide Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 RCIBIGQXGCBBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930015698 phenylpropene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000004344 phenylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBJSHDVMDCJOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;1h-naphthalen-1-ide Chemical compound [K+].[C-]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 ZBJSHDVMDCJOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKDSPBACZSUMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-enyl(silyloxy)silane Chemical compound CC=C[SiH2]O[SiH3] UKDSPBACZSUMRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUGHWHMUUQNACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 HUGHWHMUUQNACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHJWOSHIGFDANE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylphosphane Chemical compound PCC=C QHJWOSHIGFDANE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEFOZNJTQPJEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3-diimine Chemical compound N=C1C=CC=NC1=N KEFOZNJTQPJEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001023 sodium amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMFJXASDGBJDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC=C)(OCC)OCC UMFJXASDGBJDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHUUYVZLXJHWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(methylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound C[SiH2]O[Si](C)(C)C UHUUYVZLXJHWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AKQNYQDSIDKVJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylsilane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[SiH](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AKQNYQDSIDKVJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/02—Monocyclic hydrocarbons
- C07C15/067—C8H10 hydrocarbons
- C07C15/073—Ethylbenzene
-
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst comprising a predetermined metal-isocyanide complex, and more specifically, hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction for aliphatic unsaturated bond, or hydrosilane for carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond
- the present invention relates to a catalyst having activity in at least one reaction selected from reduction reactions.
- Hydrosilylation reaction in which a Si-H functional compound is added to a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond or the same triple bond is a useful means for synthesizing an organosilicon compound, and is an industrially important synthesis reaction. It is.
- catalysts for this hydrosilylation reaction Pt, Pd, and Rh compounds are known. Among them, the most frequently used are Pt compounds represented by Speier catalyst and Karstedt catalyst.
- a problem of the reaction using a Pt compound as a catalyst is that, when a Si—H functional compound is added to a terminal olefin, a side reaction occurs in which the olefin undergoes internal rearrangement. In this system, there is no addition reactivity to internal olefins, and unreacted olefins remain in the addition product. Therefore, in order to complete the reaction, the amount remaining in the side reaction is expected in advance. Excess olefin must be used. In addition, depending on the type of olefin, there is also a problem that the selectivity between the ⁇ adduct and the ⁇ adduct is poor.
- Non-patent Document 1 a reaction with an iron-carbonyl complex (Fe (CO) 5 , Fe 3 (CO) 12 ) is known (Non-patent Document 1).
- reaction conditions at a high temperature of 160 ° C. or light Irradiation (Non-Patent Document 2) is required.
- Non-patent Document 3 Patent Document 3
- Non-patent Document 4 A reaction example of methylvinyldisiloxane and methylhydrogendisiloxane using an iron-carbonyl complex having a cyclopentadienyl group as a ligand has also been reported (Non-patent Document 4, Patent Document 2). Since the dehydrogenation silylation reaction also proceeds in the reaction, the selectivity of the addition reaction is low.
- Non-patent Document 5 In the reaction of an iron catalyst having a terpyridine-based ligand (Non-patent Document 5), although PhSiH 3 and Ph 2 SiH 2 are added to olefins, trialkylsilanes, alkoxysilanes, and siloxanes are more useful. Are poor in addition reactivity to olefins. Similarly, it has been reported that an addition reaction product can be obtained in a high yield by the reaction of a terpyridine-based ligand and an iron catalyst having a bistrimethylsilylmethyl group (Non-patent Document 6). It is not easy to synthesize a terpyridine-iron complex to be obtained, introduce a bistrimethylsilylmethyl group at a low temperature, and synthesize a catalyst.
- Non-patent Documents 7 and 8 Fe complexes having a biiminopyridine ligand have also been reported (Non-patent Documents 7 and 8), and disclosed to exhibit excellent reactivity under mild conditions with respect to alkoxysilanes and siloxanes. Yes.
- Na amalgam which consists of water-restricted sodium and highly toxic mercury and requires care (or use water-restricted NaBEt 3 H), and stability of the complex compound itself.
- the storage requires a low temperature under an inert gas nitrogen atmosphere.
- Non-patent Document 9 An iron complex having a chiral iminopyridine oxazoline ligand has also been reported (Non-patent Document 9), and a reaction example of a tertiary alkene and Ph 2 SiH 2 is shown.
- a reducing agent NaBHEt 3
- dihydrodiphenylsilane is not an industrially valuable reaction substrate.
- reaction examples using cobalt-carbonyl complexes (Co 2 (CO) 8 etc.) have been reported (Non-Patent Documents 10 to 15), they are not satisfactory in terms of reaction yield and reaction molar ratio. It has highly toxic carbon monoxide and needs to be in an inert gas atmosphere and at a low temperature for handling and storage.
- Non-patent Document 16 Although a reaction example of an olefin and a trialkylsilane by a cobalt-carbonyl complex having a trialkylsilyl group as a substituent has been reported (Non-patent Document 16), the yield is low and the selectivity is poor.
- Non-patent Document 17 Reaction of olefin and trialkylsilane by using cobalt-phosphite complex having cyclopentadienyl group as ligand (Non-patent Document 17), Olefin by cobalt complex having N-heterocyclic carbene as ligand Has been reported (Non-patent Document 18), but the stability of the complex compound is low, and handling and storage require an inert gas atmosphere and a low temperature. Although a reaction example using a cobalt catalyst having a ⁇ -diketiminate group as a ligand has been reported (Non-patent Document 19), industrial utilization value is low when the reaction substrate is trihydrophenylsilane. Although an example of the reaction of 1-hexene and triethoxysilane is also shown, a catalyst amount of 2 mol% is necessary and the catalytic activity is not high.
- Non-patent Document 20 A reaction example using a cobalt catalyst having a pyridinediimine ligand, which is easy to handle a catalyst precursor, has been reported and has a high catalytic activity (Non-patent Document 20).
- a dehydrogenation silylation reaction also proceeds. Therefore, a trace amount of dehydrogenated silylate is always mixed, and the selectivity of the addition product is low.
- Non-Patent Document 21 Hydrosilylation reaction catalysts using biscyclooctatetraenyl iron and isocyanide compounds as ligands
- Non-Patent Document 22 hydrosilylation reaction catalysts using iron or cobalt pivalate and isocyanide compounds as ligands
- both of them do not reach the catalytic activity of Pt catalyst, and development of a catalyst having higher catalytic activity is desired.
- Non-Patent Documents 23 and 24 the hydrosilylation reaction using an alkenyl sulfide derivative as an unsaturated compound is rarely reported because sulfur element becomes a catalyst poison, but some examples using a Pt catalyst and some examples using an Rh catalyst have been reported.
- the catalytic activity is low compared to other substrates, and the selectivity of the addition reaction product is low.
- the Rh catalyst it has been reported that an addition product in which Si is bonded to carbon adjacent to the elemental sulfur is selectively obtained (Non-patent Document 25). Product selectivity is low.
- Non-patent Document 26 a catalyst having a phosphine as a ligand
- Non-patent Document 27 The catalyst coordinated with vinyl siloxane
- Non-patent Document 28 A catalyst having allylphosphine as a ligand (Non-patent Document 28) has a low yield, and trihydrophenylsilane is not an industrially valuable reaction substrate.
- Non-patent Document 29 A catalyst having a bisamide group (Non-patent Document 29) requires attention in storage and handling of the catalyst, and dihydrodiphenylsilane is not an industrially valuable reaction substrate.
- a catalyst having N-heterocyclic carbene as a ligand (Non-patent Document 30) has low reaction selectivity, and trihydrophenylsilane is not highly industrial.
- Patent Documents 3 to 6 Examples of iron, cobalt, and nickel catalysts in which the ligand is terpyridine, biiminopyridine, or bisiminoquinoline have been reported (Patent Documents 3 to 6), but as in Non-Patent Documents 6 to 8 described above, It is not industrially easy to synthesize the catalyst precursor, or from the precursor to the synthesis of the complex catalyst. Further, a method of using Mg (butadiene) ⁇ 2THF, NaEt 3 BH as a catalyst activator in a reaction with a complex catalyst having a bisiminoquinoline ligand is disclosed (Patent Document 7). The yield of is not satisfactory.
- catalysts having a phosphine ligand (Patent Document 8), catalysts having an aryl-alkyl-triazenide group (Patent Document 9), colloidal catalysts (Patent Document 10) ), A catalyst having a sulfide group as a ligand (Patent Document 11), and a catalyst having an amino group, a phosphino group, a sulfide group and an organosiloxane group as a ligand (Patent Document 12).
- reaction activity is specifically exemplified only by expensive metal elements such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, and iridium, which is not a cost-effective method.
- metal elements such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, and iridium, which is not a cost-effective method.
- platinum catalyst has been shown to be effective in the examples of Patent Documents 13 and 14, and does not suggest anything about the structure showing catalytic activity with other metals.
- Patent Documents 15 to 17 Catalysts having carbene as a ligand are also disclosed (Patent Documents 15 to 17), but Patent Document 15 does not discuss the effectiveness of hydrosilylation reaction.
- Patent Documents 16 and 17 disclose catalysts having carbene and vinylsiloxane as ligands, but only platinum catalysts are described as examples.
- the metal catalyst having carbene as a ligand has low storage stability of the complex compound, and needs to be handled with care.
- Patent Documents 18 to 24 There is also disclosed a method in which a metal salt and a compound having a coordination property with respect to a metal are mixed and used as a catalyst instead of using a metal complex as a catalyst.
- a metal salt and a compound having a coordination property with respect to a metal are mixed and used as a catalyst instead of using a metal complex as a catalyst.
- hydrosilylation has progressed in several combinations, but there is no description of the yield, and it is unclear how effectively the reaction proceeds.
- an ionic salt or a hydride reducing agent is used as an activator. Nevertheless, most of the examples have no catalytic activity.
- Non-Patent Document 31 hydrogenation by thermal reaction using Fe (CO) 5 as a catalyst
- Non-Patent Document 32 hydrogenation by photoreaction
- the thermal reaction requires high-temperature and high-pressure (180 ° C., 28 atmospheres) conditions, and the photoreaction proceeds even at room temperature, but both have a low turnover number (TON) indicating the number of revolutions of the catalyst and sufficient activity. It cannot be said that it has.
- TON turnover number
- Non-patent Document 33 there are reaction examples using an iron catalyst using an organoaluminum compound as a reaction aid
- Non-Patent Documents 34 and 35 reaction examples using a Grignard compound or a lithium aluminum hydride compound and an iron chloride catalyst
- TON is 20 or less and the catalytic activity is low.
- An iron catalyst having a phosphorus compound as a ligand has also been reported (Non-patent Document 36). In this system, although it reacts at a relatively low pressure (4 atm) at room temperature, the turnover number is sufficient. It can not be said.
- An example of an iron catalyst having a 1,2-bis (dimethylsilyl) benzene ligand has also been reported (Non-patent Document 37), and the reaction proceeds at room temperature and normal pressure, but the catalyst synthesis is not easy.
- Non-patent Document 7 An example of an iron catalyst having a biiminopyridine ligand has also been reported (Non-patent Document 7), and has a good reactivity with TON of 1814 at room temperature and relatively low pressure (4 atm). .
- an iron catalyst having a 2,6-bis (arylimidazol-2-ylidene) pyridine ligand has been reported (Non-patent Document 38), both of which are Fe complexes having the above biiminopyridine ligand and Similarly, there are problems such as safety during synthesis and stability of the compound.
- Non-Patent Document 39 A cobalt catalyst having a phosphorus compound as a ligand has also been reported (Non-Patent Document 39). In this system, the reaction proceeds at normal pressure at room temperature, but catalyst synthesis is not easy. Although a cobalt catalyst having a bis (mesitylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene) phenyl ligand has been reported (Non-patent Document 40), the above 2,6-bis (arylimidazol-2-ylidene) pyridine ligand has been reported. Similar to the Fe complex having OH, there are problems such as safety during synthesis and stability of the compound, and TON is 50, and the catalytic activity is not sufficient.
- a method of reducing a compound having a carbon-oxygen or carbon-nitrogen double bond and a carbon-nitrogen triple bond there is a method using hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogen compound of aluminum or boron or a noble metal catalyst.
- a hydrogen compound of aluminum or boron or a noble metal catalyst Among carbonyl compounds, ketones and aldehydes are known to be stable and easy-to-handle hydride reagents and precious metal catalysts for hydrogenation that can proceed under mild conditions, but carboxylic acid derivatives such as esters and amides.
- a method using a strong reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride or borane is mainly used (Non-patent Document 41).
- these reducing agents are ignitable and water-inhibiting substances, they are difficult to handle. Also, care should be taken when removing the reacted aluminum or boron compound from the target product.
- Non-Patent Documents 50 to 62 iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-isocyanide complexes are known in Non-Patent Documents 50 to 62, and these are mainly for synthesis, structural analysis and reaction of the complex, and are suitable for aliphatic unsaturated bonds.
- a catalyst for hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction, or hydrosilane reduction reaction for carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond There is no example used as a catalyst for hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction, or hydrosilane reduction reaction for carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and in hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction for aliphatic unsaturated bonds, or hydrosilane reduction reaction for carbon-oxygen unsaturated bonds or carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bonds. It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst capable of exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and a method for producing various compounds using the catalyst.
- the present inventors have found that a predetermined iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-isocyanide complex is converted into a hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction for an aliphatic unsaturated bond, or carbon.
- the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned reactions can be performed under mild conditions by exhibiting excellent catalytic activity in a hydrosilane reduction reaction for an oxygen-unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond.
- the present invention At least one selected from a hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction for an aliphatic unsaturated bond, or a hydrosilane reduction reaction for a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond, comprising a compound represented by the following formula (1)
- a catalyst having activity in the reaction of M n (L) m (1) In the formula, M represents Fe, Co, or Ni having an oxidation number of 0; L represents an isocyanide ligand represented by the following formula (2); and n represents an integer of 1 to 8. , M represents an integer of 2 to 12.
- R 1 may be substituted with a halogen atom, and one or more atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon may be interposed; Represents a trivalent organic group, and x represents an integer of 1 to 3.) ⁇ 2.
- 1 catalyst wherein x is 1 in the formula (2), 3.
- R 1 in the formula (2) is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is at least one carbon atom selected from a t-butyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, a mesityl group, a phenyl group, a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group, and a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group.
- the method for producing 9 or 10, wherein the aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing compound is an olefin compound, or a silane compound or organopolysiloxane having an alkenyl group bonded to an Si atom
- 12 A method for producing a reduction reaction product of a compound having a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond with a Si-H bond-containing compound, characterized by using any one of catalysts 1 to 8; 13.
- a method for producing 12 reduction reactants wherein the compound having a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond is an aldehyde compound, a ketone compound, an amide compound or a nitrile compound.
- the reaction catalyst comprising an iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-isocyanide complex of the present invention does not have a carbonyl ligand that is highly toxic to the human body, High thermal stability and stability in air.
- an isocyanide complex does not have a carbonyl ligand that is highly toxic to the human body, High thermal stability and stability in air.
- the hydrosilation reaction between an aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing compound and a Si—H group-containing silane or (poly) siloxane is carried out using the isocyanide complex of the present invention as a catalyst, the addition reaction is carried out at room temperature to 100 ° C. or less. Is possible. Particularly, addition reactions with industrially useful (poly) siloxanes, trialkoxysilanes and dialkoxysilanes also proceed well.
- the catalyst of the present invention has high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation reaction of an aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing compound, and the reaction proceeds under mild conditions.
- carbonyl compounds such as amide compounds, ketone compounds, amide compounds, and nitrile compounds, and Si that are easy to handle are used.
- a target compound can be obtained in a high yield by reacting with a silane having a —H group or (poly) siloxane.
- the catalyst comprising the isocyanide complex of the present invention can be used in one of the hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction for aliphatic unsaturated bonds, or the hydrosilane reduction reaction for carbon-oxygen unsaturated bonds or carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bonds. Since it has activity for a plurality of reactions, it is extremely useful in organic synthesis reactions.
- the catalyst according to the present invention comprises a compound represented by the formula (1), and is a hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction for an aliphatic unsaturated bond, or a hydrosilane reduction reaction for a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond. It is characterized by having activity in at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of M n (L) m (1)
- M represents Fe, Co, or Ni having an oxidation number of 0
- L represents an isocyanide ligand represented by the following formula (2)
- n is an integer of 1 to 8
- M represents an integer of 2 to 12.
- R 1 may be substituted with a halogen atom, and one or more atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon may be interposed.
- 30 represents a monovalent to trivalent organic group of 30, and x represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the monovalent to trivalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but a monovalent to trivalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Specific examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, an aralkyl group, and the like.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl.
- N-butyl isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl
- a linear or branched alkyl group such as n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosanyl group; cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, nor
- the alkenyl group is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include ethenyl, n-1-propenyl, n-2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, n-1-butenyl, n-2 -Butenyl, n-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethylethenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, n-1-pentenyl N-1-decenyl, n-1-eicosenyl group and the like.
- the alkynyl group is preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include ethynyl, n-1-propynyl, n-2-propynyl, n-1-butynyl, n-2-butynyl, n -3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, n-1-pentynyl, n-2-pentynyl, n-3-pentynyl, n-4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-n-butynyl, 2-methyl-n -Butynyl, 3-methyl-n-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-propynyl, n-1-hexynyl, n-1-decynyl, n-1-pentadecynyl, n-1-eicosinyl group and the like.
- the aryl or alkylaryl group is preferably an aryl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, anthryl, Examples include phenanthryl, o-biphenylyl, m-biphenylyl, p-biphenylyl, tolyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, mesityl group and the like.
- the aralkyl group is preferably an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl, And a naphthylpropyl group.
- Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group include an alkylene group, an arylene group, and an aralkylene group.
- the alkylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, n-butylene and isobutylene.
- arylene group examples include o-phenylene, m-phenylene, p-phenylene, 1,2-naphthylene, 1,8-naphthylene, 2,3-naphthylene, and 4,4′-biphenylene group.
- aralkylene group examples include — (CH 2 ) y —Ar— (Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and y represents an integer of 1 to 10), —Ar— (CH 2 ) y- (Ar and y are as defined above),-(CH 2 ) y -Ar- (CH 2 ) y- (Ar is as defined above; And the same meaning).
- trivalent hydrocarbon group examples include those represented by the following formula, but are not limited thereto.
- organic groups in R 1 include alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and isopropoxy group; aryloxy groups such as phenoxy group; halogenated alkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl group; Alkylamino groups such as dimethylamino groups; ester groups such as methyl esters and ethyl esters; nitro groups; nitrile groups; alkyl or arylsilyl groups such as trimethylsilyl groups and phenyldimethylsilyl groups; trimethoxysilyl groups, triethoxysilyl groups, Examples thereof include alkoxysilyl groups such as dimethoxymethylsilyl group and diethoxymethylsilyl group; nitrogen-containing heterocycle-containing groups such as pyridyl group; sulfur-containing heterocycle-containing groups such as thienyl group.
- R 1 includes an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and an alkylaryl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- At least one kind of hydrocarbon group selected is preferable, and t-butyl group, 1-adamantyl group, mesityl group, phenyl group, 2,6-dimethylphenyl group, and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group are more preferable.
- each organic group described above may have one or more atoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus interposed therebetween, and may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- X in the above formula (2) is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
- the isocyanide compound represented by the above formula (2) is obtained as a commercial product, or can be synthesized by a known method.
- a method of obtaining a formylation product from an amine compound and formic acid, and then reacting with phosphoryl chloride in the presence of an organic amine to form an isocyanide (Synthesis method 1. Organometallics, 2004, 23, 3976-3981); mild conditions
- acetic anhydride and formic acid are formed from acetic anhydride and reacted with an amine compound to obtain a formylation product (Synthesis Method 2. Org. Synth., 2013, 90, 358-366).
- the resulting formylation product can be isocyanideized by the method described in Synthesis Method 1 as described above. Further, it can also be synthesized by a method of reacting an amine compound and dichlorocarbene to form an isocyanide, which is a method not via formylation (Synthesis Method 3. Tetrahedron Letters, 1972, 17, 1637-1640).
- isocyanide compound examples include methyl isocyanide, ethyl isocyanide, n-propyl isocyanide, cyclopropyl isocyanide, n-butyl isocyanide, isobutyl isocyanide, sec-butyl isocyanide, t-butyl isocyanide, n-pentyl isocyanide, isopentyl isocyanide, Alkyl isocyanides such as neopentyl isocyanide, n-hexyl isocyanide, cyclohexyl isocyanide, cycloheptyl isocyanide, 1,1-dimethylhexyl isocyanide, 1-adamantyl isocyanide, 2-adamantyl isocyanide; phenyl isocyanide, 2-methylphenyl isocyanide, 4-methyl Phenyl isocyanide, 2,4-dimethylphenyl isocyanide, 2,5-d
- diisocyanide compounds include 1,2-diisocyanoethane, 1,3-diisocyanopropane, 1,4-diisocyanobutane, 1,5-diisocyanopentane, 1,6-di- Isocyanohexane, 1,8-diisocyanooctane, 1,12-diisocyanododecane, 1,2-diisocyanocyclohexane, 1,3-diisocyanocyclohexane, 1,4-diisocyanocyclohexane, 1 , 3-Diisocyano-2,2-dimethylpropane, 2,5-diisocyano-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,2-bis (diisocyanoethoxy) ethane, 1,2-diisocyanobenzene, 1,3 -Diisocyanobenzene, 1,4-diisocyanobenzene, 1,1'
- triisocyanide compound examples include 1,3-diisocyano-2- (isocyanomethyl) -2-methylpropane, 1,5-diisocyano-3- (2-isocyanoethyl) pentane, 1,7-diisocyano- Examples include 4- (3-isocyanopropyl) heptane, 3-isocyano-N, N′-bis (3-isocyanopropyl) propan-1-amine.
- the catalyst comprising the isocyanide complex represented by the above formula (1) can be synthesized by a known method. For example, in the presence of an isocyanide compound, an iron, cobalt, or nickel salt and a reducing agent are combined in an organic solvent. It can be synthesized by a reaction method or a method in which an iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-carbonyl complex and an isocyanide compound are reacted in an organic solvent at a high temperature, under light irradiation, or in the presence of a catalyst. Alternatively, it can be synthesized by reacting an iron, cobalt, or nickel complex having a substitutable ligand with an isocyanide compound in an organic solvent. Furthermore, it can be synthesized by reacting an art-type iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-isocyanide complex with an oxidizing agent in an organic solvent.
- the iron, cobalt, or nickel salt is not particularly limited, but considering the reactivity with the reducing agent, halides such as Cl, Br, and I; carboxylates such as acetate are preferred, and Cl , Br, I and the like are more preferred.
- Specific examples of the iron salt include iron halides such as FeCl 2 , FeBr 2 , FeCl 3 , FeBr 3 , and FeI 3 ; iron carboxylates such as Fe (OAc) 2 , Fe (stearate) 2 , and Fe (stearate) 3 Etc.
- cobalt salt CoCl 2, CoBr 2, CoI 2 and halogenated cobalt; Co (OAc) 2, Co (OBz) 2, Co (2-ethylhexanoate) 2, Co (stearate) of 2 such as a carboxylic
- cobalt acid Specific examples of the nickel salt include nickel halides such as NiCl 2 , NiBr 2 , and NiI 2 ; nickel carboxylates such as Ni (OAc) 2 .
- iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-carbonyl complex examples include Fe (CO) 5 , Fe 3 (CO) 12 , Co 2 (CO) 8 , Ni (CO) 4, and the like.
- substitutable ligand examples include olefin compounds such as 1,5-cyclooctadiene and butadiene; and phosphorus ligands such as trimethylphosphine.
- a strong reducing agent capable of reducing a metal in iron, cobalt, or nickel salt to zero valence is desirable.
- a strong reducing agent capable of reducing a metal in iron, cobalt, or nickel salt to zero valence is desirable.
- those having a redox potential based on ferrocene of ⁇ 2.0 V or less are preferred, and those of ⁇ 2.3 V or less are particularly preferred.
- Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; alkali metal alloys such as sodium-potassium and sodium amalgam; and alkali metal naphthalenides such as potassium naphthalenide.
- these alkali metals and alkali metal alloys may be supported on a solid material, for example, silica, alumina, graphite, titanium oxide, zeolite, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, sodium, potassium supported on polystyrene, Among them, potassium-supported graphite (hereinafter abbreviated as KC 8 ) is preferable in terms of reactivity, and sodium-supported silica (stage 1 or 2) in terms of safety. Is preferable in that it has less danger such as ignition.
- the alkali metal supported on these solid substances can be obtained by a conventionally known method such as the method described in Japanese Patent No. 5048503, or a commercially available product.
- KC 8 (manufactured by Strem Chemicals), Na silica gel (manufactured by Aldrich, Stage I), Na silica gel (manufactured by Aldrich, Stage II), NaK 2 silica gel (manufactured by Aldrich, Stage I) and the like.
- the art-type iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-isocyanide complexes are generally known as ionic complexes obtained by further reducing iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-isocyanide complexes, and Na [Co (2,6-Dimesityl isocyanide) 4 ] and the like are known.
- Examples of the oxidizing agent in the case of synthesis using art-type iron-, cobalt-, or nickel-isocyanide complexes include ferrocenium triflate.
- iron-isocyanide complexes include Fe (CNMe) 5 , Fe (CNEt) 5 , Fe (CN n Pr) 5 , Fe (CN i Pr) 5 , Fe (CN n Bu) 5 , Fe (CN t Bu) 5 , Fe (CNCy) 5 , Fe (CNAd) 5 , Fe (CNCF 3 ) 5 , Fe (CNPh) 5 , Fe (CNXylyl) 5 , Fe (CNMes) 5 , Fe (N 2 ) [CN- ( 2,6-bismesylphenyl)] 4 , Fe (CN- (2-methyl-6-chlorophenyl)) 5 , Fe (CN- (3,5-dimethylphenyl)) 5 , Fe 2 (CNEt) 9 and the like.
- cobalt-isocyanide complex examples include Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 , Co 2 (CNCy) 8 , Co 2 (CNAd) 8 , Co 2 (CNPh) 8 , Co 2 (CNXylyl) 8 , Co 2 ( CNMes) 8 , Co 2 (CN- (2-methyl-6-chlorophenyl)) 8 , Co 2 (CN- (3,5-dimethylphenyl)) 8 , Co [CN- (2,6-bismethylphenyl)] 4 etc. Is mentioned.
- nickel-isocyanide complex examples include Ni (CNMe) 4 , Ni (CNEt) 4 , Ni (CN t Bu) 4 , Ni 2 (CN t Bu) 4 , Ni 3 (CN t Bu) 6 , Ni ( CNCy) 4, Ni (CNPh) 4, Ni (CNMes) 4, Ni (CNXylyl) 4, Ni [CN- (4-MeOC 6 H 4)] 4, Ni [CN- (4-NO 2 C 6 H 4 )] 4 , Ni (CNC 6 F 5 ) 4 , Ni 4 (CN t Bu) 6 , Ni 4 (CN t Bu) 7 , Ni 4 (CNMe) (CN t Bu) 6 , Ni 4 (CNCy) 7 , Ni 8 (CN i Pr) 12 and the like.
- n Pr is an n-propyl group
- i Pr is an isopropyl group
- n Bu is an n-butyl group
- t Bu is a t-butyl group
- Cy is a cyclohexyl group
- Ad is an adamantyl group
- Ph is a phenyl group
- Mes represents a mesityl group
- Xylyl represents a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.
- the amount of the catalyst used is not particularly limited. In consideration of obtaining it, it is preferable to use 0.001 mol% or more, more preferably 0.01 mol% or more, and more preferably 0.05 mol% or more as an isocyanide complex with respect to 1 mol of the compound as a substrate. Even more preferred.
- the use amount of the isocyanide complex is not particularly limited, but is about 10 mol%, preferably 5 mol%, relative to 1 mol of the substrate from an economical viewpoint.
- a known two-electron donating ligand may be used in combination as long as the activity is not impaired.
- the two-electron donating ligand is not particularly limited, but a ligand other than a carbonyl group is preferable, and examples thereof include an ammonia molecule, an ether compound, an amine compound, a phosphine compound, a phosphite compound, and a sulfide compound. It is done. Further, an isocyanide compound may be further added within a range that does not impair its activity and the like, and the addition amount in this case is preferably about 0.1 to 5 molar equivalents relative to the catalyst of the present invention.
- the reaction conditions using the catalyst of the present invention are not particularly limited, and the reaction temperature is usually about 10 to 100 ° C., preferably 20 to 80 ° C., and the reaction time is 1 to 48 hours. Degree.
- the reaction can be carried out without a solvent, but an organic solvent may be used if necessary.
- an organic solvent examples of the type thereof include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane; diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane.
- Ethers such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons.
- concentration of the catalyst is preferably 0.01 to 10M, more preferably 0.1 to 5M as the molar concentration (M) in view of catalyst activity and economy.
- the catalyst of the present invention can be used as a hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction for aliphatic unsaturated bonds, or a hydrosilane reduction reaction catalyst for carbon-oxygen unsaturated bonds or carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bonds.
- all the components may be added all at once, or may be added separately for each of several components.
- a hydrosilylation reaction product of an aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing compound and a Si—H bond-containing compound can be obtained.
- the use ratio of the aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing compound and the Si—H bond-containing compound in the hydrosilylation reaction is such that the molar ratio of aliphatic unsaturated bond / Si—H bond is 1/10 to 10/1, preferably 1/5 to 5/1, more preferably 1/3 to 3/1.
- aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing compound examples include the following.
- Hydrocarbon compounds containing carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds Alkenes such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, hexene, octene, decene, dodecene, n-hexadecene, isohexadecene, n-octadecene, isooctadecene, norbornene, trifluoropropene
- Alkynes such as ethyne, propyne, butyne, pentyne, hexyne, octyne, decyne, dodecine, hexadecine, octadecine; styrene, 2-methylstyrene, 4-chlorostyrene, 4-methoxystyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, 4- Aromatic group-containing alkene
- Carbon-carbon unsaturated bond-containing silane compound Trimethylvinylsilane, triethylvinylsilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane, triethoxyvinylsilane, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane, diethoxymethylvinylsilane, methoxydimethylvinylsilane, ethoxydimethylvinylsilane, trimethoxyallylsilane, triethoxyallylsilane , Triisopropoxyvinylsilane, phenyldimethoxyvinylsilane, phenyldiethoxyvinylsilane, diphenylmethoxyvinylsilane, diphenylethoxyvinylsilane, triphenylvinylsilane, triphenylvinylsilane, etc.
- Carbon-carbon unsaturated bond-containing siloxane compounds pentamethylvinyldisiloxane, tetra Methyldivinyldisiloxane, heptamethylvinyltrisilo Sun, dimethyldiphenyldivinyldisiloxane, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylpolysiloxane, dimethylvinylsiloxy endblocked (dimethylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane) copolymers.
- the unsaturated bond may be present at the molecular end or inside, and even if there are a plurality of unsaturated bonds in the molecule such as hexadiene and octadiene. Good.
- the alkene compound which has a sulfide group as shown below as an aliphatic unsaturated bond containing compound can also be used.
- silicon compounds in which silicon is bonded to carbon at the alkene terminal which is known in the case of using a platinum catalyst
- silicon is bonded to carbon adjacent to sulfur element, accompanied by isomerization of alkene. The silicon compound obtained is selectively obtained.
- Alkene compound having sulfide group Methyl vinyl sulfide, ethyl vinyl sulfide, n-propyl vinyl sulfide, isopropyl vinyl sulfide, n-butyl vinyl sulfide, phenyl vinyl sulfide, benzyl vinyl sulfide, methyl allyl sulfide, ethyl allyl sulfide, n -Propyl allyl sulfide, isopropyl allyl sulfide, n-butyl allyl sulfide, isobutyl allyl sulfide, phenyl allyl sulfide, benzyl allyl sulfide, allyl (n-propyl) disulfide, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, etc.
- Si—H bond-containing compound examples include the following silanes and siloxanes.
- Silanes Trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, triisopropoxysilane, dimethoxymethylsilane, diethoxymethylsilane, dimethoxyphenylsilane, diethoxyphenylsilane, methoxydimethylsilane, ethoxydimethylsilane, triphenylsilane, diphenyldisilane , Phenyltrisilane, diphenylmethylsilane, phenyldimethylsilane, diphenylmethoxysilane, diphenylethoxysilane, etc.
- the compound which has a corresponding saturated bond is obtained by making an aliphatic unsaturated bond containing compound and a hydrogen molecule react in presence of the catalyst of this invention.
- Specific examples of the aliphatic unsaturated bond-containing compound include the same compounds as those exemplified in the hydrosilylation reaction.
- the means for introducing hydrogen molecules into the reaction system in the hydrogenation reaction may be introduced while flowing or bubbling a gas containing hydrogen molecules into the reaction vessel, and the reaction is carried out in a pressure vessel filled with a gas containing hydrogen molecules. May be performed.
- the pressure at that time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 3 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 2 MPa from the viewpoint of safety.
- a hydrosilane reduction reaction product of a compound having a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond and a Si-H bond-containing compound is obtained.
- Si—H bond-containing compound used in the hydrosilane reduction reaction of the compound having a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond of the present invention include the same compounds as exemplified in the hydrosilylation reaction.
- aryl group-containing silanes such as phenylsilane, diphenylsilane, dimethylphenylsilane; 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, trimethylsiloxy group end-capped methyl Siloxanes containing Si—H groups adjacent via an oxygen atom, such as hydrogen polysiloxane and dimethylhydrogensiloxy group end-capped methylhydrogen polysiloxane, are preferred, and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldioxy Siloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisilo Sun, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane, trimethyl endblocked methylhydrogenpolysiloxane, dimethylhydrogensiloxy-terminated methylhydrogenpolysiloxane capped is more preferable.
- Examples of the compound having a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond that can be subjected to a hydrosilane reduction reaction include compounds having an aldehyde, a ketone, an amide, a nitrile group, and the like, which are used in the presence of the catalyst of the present invention. By reacting with a Si—H group-containing silane or siloxane and performing a known post-treatment, it can be led to a corresponding amine or alcohol compound, respectively.
- Specific examples of the compound having a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond include acetophenone, N, N-dimethylbenzamide, acetonitrile and the like.
- Example 2 and 3 The reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that instead of Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 , the cobalt-isocyanide complex (0.005 mmol) shown in Table 1 was used as a catalyst. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 4 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CNAd) 8 as a catalyst Co 2 (CNAd) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.0005 mmol), ⁇ -methylstyrene (1.29 mL, 10 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (2.54 mL, 13 mmol). In addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product. A 0.94 ppm multiplex line which is a signal of protons on carbon adjacent to silicon in the target product was confirmed, and the yield was determined. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 Hydrosilylation reaction of styrene with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Fe (CN t Bu) 5 as a catalyst
- Fe (CN t Bu) 5 4.7 mg, 0.01 mmol
- styrene 114 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol
- 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane 254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- a 0.90 ppm multiplex line which is a signal of protons on carbon adjacent to silicon in the target product was confirmed, and the yield was determined.
- Example 7 Hydrosilylation reaction of styrene with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CNMes) 8 as a catalyst
- Co 2 ( CNMes) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), styrene (114 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) was added, and 24 ° C. was added at 24 ° C. Stir for hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 8 Hydrosilylation reaction of allyl glycidyl ether with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CNad) 8 as a catalyst
- Co 2 (CNad) 8 a catalyst
- 2 (CNad) 8 6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol
- allyl glycidyl ether 118 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol
- 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) were added, Stir at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 9 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol) obtained in Example 1, ⁇ -methylstyrene (129 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,5,5,5- Heptamethyltrisiloxane (351 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) was added and stirred at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 10 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with triethoxysilane using Co 2 (CNAd) 8 as a catalyst
- Co 2 (CNAD) 8 (6.4 mg, obtained in Synthesis Example 2) was added.
- triethoxysilane (213 mg, 1.3 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 11 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with diethoxy (methyl) silane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst
- Co 2 (CN t Bu) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used. 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), ⁇ -methylstyrene (129 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol) and diethoxy (methyl) silane (175 mg, 1.3 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 12 Hydrosilylation reaction of allyl glycidyl ether using Co 2 (CNAd) 8 as a catalyst with polydimethylsiloxane blocked with dimethylhydrogensiloxy group-blocked polydimethylsiloxane Co 2 (CNAd obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was added to the reaction vessel. ) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), allyl glycidyl ether (154 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol), dimethylhydrogensiloxy group-blocked polydimethylsiloxane (degree of polymerization 18) (0.74 g, 0.50 mmol) And stirred at 50 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Example 13 catalyst as Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 hydrosilylation reaction vessel according 1,1,1,3,3 pentamethyl disiloxane ethyl vinyl sulfide with, obtained in Synthesis Example 1
- Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), ethyl vinyl sulfide (88 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol)
- separation and purification were performed by silica gel chromatography to obtain 239 mg of the desired product. The yield is shown in Table 5.
- Example 14 Hydrosilylation reaction of phenyl vinyl sulfide with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst.
- Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (6.0 mg, 0.0075 mmol)
- phenyl vinyl sulfide (68 mg, 0.5 mmol)
- 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (223 mg, 1.5 mmol)
- separation and purification were performed by Kugelrohr distillation to obtain 129 mg of the desired product. The yield is shown in Table 5.
- Example 15 Hydrosilylation reaction of methylallyl sulfide with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst.
- Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), methylallyl sulfide (88 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol)
- separation and purification were performed by silica gel chromatography to obtain 209 mg of the desired product. The yield is shown in Table 5.
- Example 16 Hydrosilylation reaction of n-propylallylsulfide with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst.
- the obtained Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), n-propylallyl sulfide (116 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L) , 1.3 mmol) and stirred at 25 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, separation and purification were performed by silica gel chromatography to obtain 239 mg of the desired product. The yield is shown in Table 5.
- Example 18 Hydrosilylation reaction of benzyl allyl sulfide with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), benzylallyl sulfide (164 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) ) And stirred at 25 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, separation and purification were performed by Kugelrohr distillation to obtain 245 mg of the desired product. The yield is shown in Table 5.
- Example 20 Hydrosilylation reaction of N, N-diethylallylamine with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CNAd) 8 as a catalyst Co 2 (CNAd) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), N, N-diethylallylamine (113 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1 .3 mmol) was added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 21 Hydrosilylation reaction of 9-vinylcarbazole with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CNMes) 8 as a catalyst obtained in Synthesis Example 3 in a reaction vessel Co 2 (CNMes) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), N-methylpyrrolidone (100 ⁇ L) as a solvent, 9-vinylcarbazole (193 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-penta Methyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) was added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 22 Hydrosilylation reaction of N-vinylphthalimide with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), DME (100 ⁇ L) as a solvent, N-vinylphthalimide (173 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3- Pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 25 Hydrosilane reduction reaction of acetophenone with 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane using Fe (CN t Bu) 5 as a catalyst
- Example 28 Hydrosilane reduction reaction of acetonitrile with 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst
- Example 30 Hydrogenation reaction of styrene using Fe (CN t Bu) 5 as a catalyst
- Fe (CN t Bu) 5 obtained in Synthesis Example 4 (4.7 mg, 0.01 mmol)
- styrene (1.04 g, 10 mmol) were added, 10 atm hydrogen was introduced, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 24 hours.
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Example 31 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with triethylsilane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst
- Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3 .4 mg, 0.005 mmol)
- ⁇ -methylstyrene 129 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol
- triethylsilane 151 mg, 1.3 mmol
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product. A 2.86 ppm multiplet in the target product was confirmed and the yield was determined. The results are shown in Table 11.
- Example 32 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with dimethylphenylsilane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst
- Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol
- ⁇ -methylstyrene 129 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol
- dimethylphenylsilane 177 mg, 1.3 mmol
- Example 33 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with both ends dimethylhydrogensiloxy-blocked polydimethylsiloxane using Co 2 (CNAd) 8 as a catalyst
- the Co 2 ( CNAd) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), ⁇ -methylstyrene (1.53 mg, 13 mmol), both ends dimethylhydrogensiloxy-blocked polydimethylsiloxane (degree of polymerization 18) (7.4 g, 5.0 mmol)
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 34 Hydrosilylation reaction of ⁇ -methylstyrene with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CNMes) 8 in air for 24 hours and then using it as a catalyst
- Co 2 (CNMes) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was added to the reaction vessel.
- the reaction vessel was taken out of the glove box and left in air at room temperature for 24 hours.
- Example 35 Hydrosilylation reaction of styrene with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Fe (CNAd) 5 as a catalyst
- Fe (CNAd) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 5 (8.6 mg, 0.01 mmol)
- styrene (114 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol) 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. did.
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- a 0.90 ppm multiplex line which is a signal of protons on carbon adjacent to silicon in the target product was confirmed, and the yield was determined. The results are shown in Table 12.
- Example 36 Hydrosilylation reaction of styrene with diethoxy (methyl) silane using Fe (CNad) 5 as a catalyst
- Fe (CNad) 5 obtained in Synthesis Example 5 (8.6 mg, 0.01 mmol)
- Styrene (114 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol) and diethoxy (methyl) silane (175 mg, 1.3 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 24 hours.
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- a 0.90 ppm multiplex line which is a signal of protons on carbon adjacent to silicon in the target product was confirmed, and the yield was determined. The results are shown in Table 12.
- Example 37 at both ends endcapped with dimethyl hydrogen siloxy group polydimethyl hydrosilylation reaction vessel by siloxane styrene with Fe (CNAd) 5 as a catalyst, Fe obtained in Synthesis Example 5 (CNAd) 5 (8 .6 mg, 0.01 mmol), styrene (154 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol), dimethylhydrogensiloxy group-blocked polydimethylsiloxane (degree of polymerization 18) (0.74 g, 0.50 mmol) at both ends and 24 hours at 50 ° C. Stir. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 39 Hydrosilylation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyl-3-vinyldisiloxane with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CNMes) 8 as catalyst
- Co 2 (CNMes) 8 (6.4 mg, 0.005 mmol) obtained in Synthesis Example 3
- 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyl-3-vinyldisiloxane (174 mg, 1 0.0 mmol)
- 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 3 hours.
- 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
- Example 40 Hydrosilylation reaction of vinyltriethoxysilane with 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane using Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 as a catalyst Co 2 (CN t Bu) 8 (3.4 mg, 0.005 mmol), vinyltriethoxysilane (190 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane (254 ⁇ L, 1 .3 mmol) was added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured to determine the structure and yield of the product.
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Abstract
Description
このヒドロシリル化反応の触媒としては、Pt、Pd、Rh化合物が知られており、その中でも最も多く用いられているものはSpeier触媒、Karstedt触媒に代表されるPt化合物である。
また、オレフィンの種類によっては、α付加体とβ付加体の選択性が劣るという問題もある。
例えば、鉄-カルボニル錯体(Fe(CO)5、Fe3(CO)12)による反応が知られているが(非特許文献1)、この反応では160℃といった高温下での反応条件、または光照射(非特許文献2)が必要である。
また、これらの鉄-カルボニル錯体では付加反応ではなく、脱水素シリル化生成物が得られるとの報告もある(非特許文献3,特許文献1)。
シクロペンタジエニル基を配位子として有する鉄-カルボニル錯体を使用した、メチルビニルジシロキサンとメチルハイドロジェンジシロキサンの反応例も報告されているが(非特許文献4,特許文献2)、この反応では脱水素シリル化反応も進行するため、付加反応の選択性が低い。
同じくターピリジン系配位子とビストリメチルシリルメチル基を有する鉄触媒の反応で、収率良く付加反応物が得られることが報告されている(非特許文献6)ものの、この手法は、先ず触媒前駆体となるターピリジン-鉄錯体を合成し、更に低温下でのビストリメチルシリルメチル基の導入と、触媒合成が容易ではない。
しかし、この錯体合成時には、禁水性のナトリウムと毒性の高い水銀からなり、取り扱いに注意を要するNaアマルガムを使用すること(もしくは禁水性のNaBEt3Hを使用すること)、錯体化合物自体の安定性が低く、保存は不活性ガス窒素雰囲気下で低温であることが必要といった問題点がある。
コバルト-カルボニル錯体(Co2(CO)8など)による反応例も報告されているが(非特許文献10~15)、反応収率、反応モル比の点で満足すべきものではなく、また錯体は毒性の高い一酸化炭素を有しており、取り扱いや保存には、不活性ガス雰囲気かつ低温下である必要がある。
トリアルキルシリル基を置換基として有するコバルト-カルボニル錯体によるオレフィンとトリアルキルシランの反応例も報告されているが(非特許文献16)、収率が低く、また選択性にも乏しい。
β-ジケチミナート基を配位子として有するコバルト触媒による反応例も報告されているが(非特許文献19)、反応基質がトリヒドロフェニルシランでは工業的な利用価値は低い。1-ヘキセンとトリエトキシシランとの反応例も示されているが、触媒量が2モル%必要であり、触媒活性は高くない。
ビスシクロオクタテトラエニル鉄とイソシアニド化合物を配位子として用いたヒドロシリル化反応触媒や(非特許文献21)、ピバル酸鉄またはピバル酸コバルトとイソシアニド化合物を配位子として用いたヒドロシリル化反応触媒も報告されているが(非特許文献22)、どちらも触媒活性としてはPt触媒には及ばず、より高い触媒活性を有する触媒の開発が望まれている。
Rh触媒を用いた例では、硫黄元素に隣接した炭素にSiが結合した付加生成物が選択的に得られることを報告しているが(非特許文献25)、触媒活性は低く、またその付加物の選択性は低い。
ビニルシロキサンが配位した触媒(非特許文献27)は、脱水素シリル化生成物が主成分となり、付加反応の選択性は低い。
アリルホスフィンを配位子とする触媒(非特許文献28)は収率が低く、トリヒドロフェニルシランは工業的に価値の高い反応基質ではない。
ビスアミド基を有する触媒(非特許文献29)は、触媒の保存や取り扱いに注意が必要であり、またジヒドロジフェニルシランも工業的に価値の高い反応基質ではない。
N-ヘテロ環状カルベンを配位子として有する触媒(非特許文献30)は、反応の選択性が低く、トリヒドロフェニルシランは工業的な価値が高くない。
また、ビスイミノキノリン配位子を有する錯体触媒による反応で、触媒の活性化剤としてMg(ブタジエン)・2THF、NaEt3BHを使用する方法が開示されているが(特許文献7)、目的物の収率も満足すべきものではない。
しかし、反応活性を具体的に例示しているのは高価な金属元素である白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウムのみであり、コスト的に有利な方法とはいえない。
また、特許文献13,14の実施例で効果が示されているのは公知となっている白金触媒のみであり、他の金属で触媒活性を示す構造については何も示唆していない。
特許文献16,17にはカルベンとビニルシロキサンを配位子として有する触媒が開示されているが、実施例として記載されているのは白金触媒のみである。
しかも、カルベンを配位子として有する金属触媒は、錯体化合物の保存安定性が低く、取り扱いにも注意を要する。
リン系化合物を配位子として有する鉄触媒も報告されており(非特許文献36)、この系では、室温下で比較的低圧(4気圧)の条件下で反応するものの、ターンオーバー数も十分とは言えない。
1,2-ビス(ジメチルシリル)ベンゼン配位子を有する鉄触媒の例も報告されており(非特許文献37)、室温下常圧で反応が進行するが、触媒合成が容易ではない。
また、2,6-ビス(アリールイミダゾール-2-イリデン)ピリジン配位子を有する鉄触媒が報告されているが(非特許文献38)、どちらも上記ビスイミノピリジン配位子を有するFe錯体と同様に合成時の安全性、化合物の安定性等の問題点がある。
ビス(メシチルベンズイミダゾール-2-イリデン)フェニル配位子を有するコバルト触媒が報告されているが(非特許文献40)、上記2,6-ビス(アリールイミダゾール-2-イリデン)ピリジン配位子を有するFe錯体と同様に合成時の安全性、化合物の安定性等の問題点があるうえ、TONは50であり、触媒活性も十分とは言えない。
1. 下記式(1)で示される化合物からなり、脂肪族不飽和結合に対するヒドロシリル化反応もしくは水素化反応、または炭素-酸素不飽和結合もしくは炭素-窒素不飽和結合に対するヒドロシラン還元反応から選ばれる少なくとも1種の反応に活性を有する触媒、
Mn(L)m (1)
{式中、Mは、酸化数が0価のFe、Co、またはNiを表し、Lは、下記式(2)で示されるイソシアニド配位子を表し、nは、1~8の整数を表し、mは、2~12の整数を表す。
(CN)x-R1 (2)
(式中、R1は、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、酸素、窒素、硫黄、およびケイ素から選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在してもよい、炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の有機基を表し、xは、1~3の整数を表す。)}
2. 前記式(2)において、xが1である1の触媒、
3. 前記式(1)において、n=1のときm=2、4または5であり、n=2~4のときm=6~10の整数である1または2の触媒、
4. 前記式(1)において、MがFeのとき、n=1、m=5であり、MがCoのとき、n=2、m=8であり、MがNiのとき、n=1、m=2もしくは4、またはn=3、4もしくは8、m=4、6、7もしくは12である1~3のいずれかの触媒、
5. 前記式(1)におけるMが、FeまたはCoである1~4のいずれかの触媒、
6. 前記式(2)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~30の1価の炭化水素基である1~5のいずれかの触媒、
7. 前記式(2)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、炭素原子数3~20のシクロアルキル基、炭素原子数6~30のアリール基、および炭素原子数7~30のアルキルアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である6の触媒、
8. 前記式(2)におけるR1が、t-ブチル基、1-アダマンチル基、メシチル基、フェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、および2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である7の触媒、
9. 1~8のいずれかの触媒を用いることを特徴とする、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物とSi-H結合含有化合物とのヒドロシリル化反応物の製造方法、
10. 1~8のいずれかの触媒を用いることを特徴とする、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物の水素化反応物の製造方法、
11. 前記脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物が、オレフィン化合物、またはSi原子と結合したアルケニル基を有するシラン化合物もしくはオルガノポリシロキサンである9または10の製造方法、
12. 1~8のいずれかの触媒を用いることを特徴とする、炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合を有する化合物のSi-H結合含有化合物による還元反応物の製造方法、
13. 前記炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合を有する化合物が、アルデヒド化合物、ケトン化合物、アミド化合物またはニトリル化合物である12の還元反応物の製造方法
を提供する。
本発明のイソシアニド錯体を触媒として用い、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物とSi-H基を有するシランもしくは(ポリ)シロキサンとのヒドロシリル化反応を行うと、室温~100℃以下の条件下で付加反応が可能になる。特に工業的に有用な(ポリ)シロキサン、およびトリアルコキシシラン、ジアルコキシシランとの付加反応も良好に進行する。なお、公知文献では同反応において、不飽和結合への付加反応と、脱水素シリル化反応による不飽和結合含有化合物が生成する反応がたびたび同時に進行することが示されているが、本発明の触媒を用いると選択的に不飽和結合への付加反応が進行する。
しかも、従来の触媒では困難であった内部オレフィンとの反応において、不飽和結合の末端への移動をともなった付加反応物を得ることが可能となる。
また、本発明の触媒を用いることで、アルケニルスルフィド等のヒドロシリル化反応において、選択的に硫黄元素に隣接した炭素にSiが結合した付加生成物が得られる。
さらに、本発明の触媒は、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物の水素化反応に対して高い触媒活性を有し、当該反応は温和な条件下で進行する。
また、本発明の触媒を使用した炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合に対するヒドロシラン還元反応では、アミド化合物、ケトン化合物、アミド化合物等のカルボニル化合物やニトリル化合物と、取り扱いが容易なSi-H基を有するシランまたは(ポリ)シロキサンとを反応させ、目的とする化合物を高収率で得ることができる。
このように本発明のイソシアニド錯体からなる触媒は、脂肪族不飽和結合に対するヒドロシリル化反応もしくは水素化反応、または炭素-酸素不飽和結合もしくは炭素-窒素不飽和結合に対するヒドロシラン還元反応において、一つまたは複数の反応に対して活性を有していることから、有機合成反応において極めて有用性が高い。
本発明に係る触媒は、式(1)で示される化合物からなり、脂肪族不飽和結合に対するヒドロシリル化反応もしくは水素化反応、または炭素-酸素不飽和結合もしくは炭素-窒素不飽和結合に対するヒドロシラン還元反応から選ばれる少なくとも1種の反応に活性を有することを特徴とする。
Mn(L)m (1)
(CN)x-R1 (2)
炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の有機基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の炭化水素基が好ましい。
1価炭化水素基の具体例としては、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、アルキルアリール基、アラルキル基等が挙げられる。
アルキル基としては、直鎖、分岐鎖、環状のいずれでもよく、好ましくは1~20、より好ましくは1~10のアルキル基であり、その具体例としては、メチル、エチル、n-プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、イソブチル、s-ブチル、t-ブチル、n-ペンチル、n-ヘキシル、n-ヘプチル、n-オクチル、2-エチルヘキシル、n-ノニル、n-デシル、n-ウンデシル、n-ドデシル、n-トリデシル、n-テトラデシル、n-ペンタデシル、n-ヘキサデシル、n-ヘプタデシル、n-オクタデシル、n-ノナデシル、n-エイコサニル基等の直鎖または分岐鎖アルキル基;シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、シクロノニル、ノルボルニル、アダマンチル基等のシクロアルキル基などが挙げられる。
アルキニル基としては、炭素原子数2~20のアルキニル基が好ましく、その具体例としては、エチニル、n-1-プロピニル、n-2-プロピニル、n-1-ブチニル、n-2-ブチニル、n-3-ブチニル、1-メチル-2-プロピニル、n-1-ペンチニル、n-2-ペンチニル、n-3-ペンチニル、n-4-ペンチニル、1-メチル-n-ブチニル、2-メチル-n-ブチニル、3-メチル-n-ブチニル、1,1-ジメチル-n-プロピニル、n-1-ヘキシニル、n-1-デシニル、n-1-ペンタデシニル、n-1-エイコシニル基等が挙げられる。
アラルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素原子数7~30、より好ましくは炭素原子数7~20のアリールアルキル基であり、その具体例としては、ベンジル、フェニルエチル、フェニルプロピル、ナフチルメチル、ナフチルエチル、ナフチルプロピル基等が挙げられる。
アルキレン基としては、直鎖、分岐鎖、環状のいずれでもよく、好ましくは炭素原子数1~20のアルキレン基であり、その具体例としては、メチレン、エチレン、プロピレン、トリメチレン、n-ブチレン、イソブチレン、s-ブチレン、n-オクチレン、2-エチルヘキシレン、n-デシレン、n-ウンデシレン、n-ドデシレン、n-トリデシレン、n-テトラデシレン、n-ペンタデシレン、n-ヘキサデシレン、n-ヘプタデシレン、n-オクタデシレン、n-ノナデシレン、n-エイコサニレン基等の直鎖または分岐鎖アルキレン基;1,4-シクロへキシレン基等のシクロアルキレン基などが挙げられる。
アリーレン基の具体例としては、o-フェニレン、m-フェニレン、p-フェニレン、1,2-ナフチレン、1,8-ナフチレン、2,3-ナフチレン、4,4′-ビフェニレン基等が挙げられる。
アラルキレン基の具体例としては、-(CH2)y-Ar-(Arは、炭素原子数6~20のアリーレン基を表し、yは1~10の整数を表す。)、-Ar-(CH2)y-(Arおよびyは上記と同じ意味を表す。)、-(CH2)y-Ar-(CH2)y-(Arは上記と同じ意味を表し、yは互いに独立して上記と同じ意味を表す。)等が挙げられる。
これらの中でもR1としては、炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、炭素原子数3~20のシクロアルキル基、炭素原子数6~30のアリール基、炭素原子数7~30のアルキルアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基が好ましく、t-ブチル基、1-アダマンチル基、メシチル基、フェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル基がより好ましい。
なお、以上説明した各有機基は、酸素、窒素、ケイ素、硫黄、およびリンから選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在していてもよく、また、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい。
さらに、ホルミル化を経由しない方法である、アミン化合物とジクロルカルベンを反応させてイソシアニド化する方法によっても合成することができる(合成方法3。Tetrahedron Letters,1972,17,1637-1640参照)。
さらに、アート型鉄-、コバルト-、またはニッケル-イソシアニド錯体と酸化剤を有機溶剤中で反応させて合成することもできる。
鉄塩の具体例としては、FeCl2、FeBr2、FeCl3、FeBr3、FeI3等のハロゲン化鉄;Fe(OAc)2、Fe(stearate)2、Fe(stearate)3等のカルボン酸鉄などが挙げられる。
コバルト塩の具体例としては、CoCl2、CoBr2、CoI2等のハロゲン化コバルト;Co(OAc)2、Co(OBz)2、Co(2-ethylhexanoate)2、Co(stearate)2等のカルボン酸コバルトなどが挙げられる。
ニッケル塩の具体例としては、NiCl2、NiBr2、NiI2等のハロゲン化ニッケル;Ni(OAc)2等のカルボン酸ニッケルなどが挙げられる。
また、置換可能な配位子としては、1,5-シクロオクタジエン、ブタジエン等のオレフィン化合物;トリメチルホスフィン等のリン配位子などが挙げられる。
その具体例としては、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属;ナトリウム-カリウム、ナトリウムアマルガム等のアルカリ金属合金;カリウムナフタレニド等のアルカリ金属ナフタレニドなどが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
なお、これらの固体物質に担持されたアルカリ金属は、例えば特許第5048503号公報に記載の方法など従来公知の方法で合成されたものや、市販品としても入手でき、そのような市販品としては、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製)、Naシリカゲル(アルドリッチ社製、ステージI)、Naシリカゲル(アルドリッチ社製、ステージII)、NaK2シリカゲル(アルドリッチ社製、ステージI)等が挙げられる。
アート型鉄-、コバルト-、またはニッケル-イソシアニド錯体を用いて合成する場合の酸化剤としては、フェロセニウムトリフラート等が挙げられる。
鉄-イソシアニド錯体の具体例としては、Fe(CNMe)5、Fe(CNEt)5、Fe(CNnPr)5、Fe(CNiPr)5、Fe(CNnBu)5、Fe(CNtBu)5、Fe(CNCy)5、Fe(CNAd)5、Fe(CNCF3)5、Fe(CNPh)5、Fe(CNXylyl)5、Fe(CNMes)5、Fe(N2)[CN-(2,6-bismesitylphenyl)]4、Fe(CN-(2-methyl-6-chlorophenyl))5、Fe(CN-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl))5、Fe2(CNEt)9等が挙げられる。
コバルト-イソシアニド錯体の具体例としては、Co2(CNtBu)8、Co2(CNCy)8、Co2(CNAd)8、Co2(CNPh)8、Co2(CNXylyl)8、Co2(CNMes)8、Co2(CN-(2-methyl-6-chlorophenyl))8、Co2(CN-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl))8、Co[CN-(2,6-bismesitylphenyl)]4等が挙げられる。
なお、上記において、nPrはn-プロピル基、iPrはイソプロピル基、nBuはn-ブチル基、tBuはt-ブチル基、Cyはシクロヘキシリル基、Adはアダマンチル基、Phはフェニル基、Mesはメシチル基、Xylylは2,6-ジメチルフェニル基を示す。
なお、本発明の触媒を用いる反応では、その活性等を損なわない範囲で、公知の2電子供与性配位子を併用してもよい。2電子供与性配位子としては、特に限定されるものではないが、カルボニル基以外の配位子が好ましく、アンモニア分子、エーテル化合物、アミン化合物、ホスフィン化合物、ホスファイト化合物、スルフィド化合物等が挙げられる。
また、イソシアニド化合物をその活性等を損なわない範囲で、さらに添加してもよく、その場合の添加量は本発明の触媒に対して0.1~5モル当量程度が好ましい。
反応は無溶媒で行うこともできるが、必要に応じて有機溶媒を用いてもよい。
有機溶媒を用いる場合、その種類としては、例えば、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素類;ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン等のエーテル類;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン等の芳香族炭化水素類などが挙げられる。
有機溶媒を用いる場合、触媒の濃度としては、触媒活性と経済性を考慮すると、モル濃度(M)として、0.01~10Mが好ましく、0.1~5Mがより好ましい、。
本発明の触媒を用いる反応においては、全ての成分を一括して添加してもよく、いくつかの成分ずつに分けて添加してもよい。
ヒドロシリル化反応における、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物とSi-H結合含有化合物との使用比率は、脂肪族不飽和結合/Si-H結合のモル比が1/10~10/1、好ましくは、1/5~5/1、より好ましくは1/3~3/1である。
(1)炭素-炭素不飽和結合含有炭化水素化合物
エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、イソブチレン、ヘキセン、オクテン、デセン、ドデセン、n-ヘキサデセン、イソヘキサデセン、n-オクタデセン、イソオクタデセン、ノルボルネン、トリフロロプロペン等のアルケン類;エチン、プロピン、ブチン、ペンチン、ヘキシン、オクチン、デシン、ドデシン、ヘキサデシン、オクタデシン等のアルキン類;スチレン、2-メチルスチレン、4-クロロスチレン、4-メトキシスチレン、α-メチルスチレン、4-メチル-αメチルスチレン、アリルベンゼン等の芳香族基含有アルケン類
(2)アリルエーテル化合物
アリルグリシジルエーテル、アリルグリコール、アリルベンジルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノアリルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールアリルメチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンモノアリルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンモノアリルエーテル、ポリ(オキシエチレン・オキシプロピレン)モノアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンジアリルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンジアリルエーテル、ポリ(オキシエチレン・オキシプロピレン)ジアリルエーテル等
(3)窒素含有アルケン化合物
アリルアミン、N,N-ジメチルアリルアミン、N,N-ジエチルアリルアミン、N,N-ジ(n-プロピル)アリルアミン、N,N-ジイソプロピルアリルアミン、N,N-ジ(n-ブチル)アリルアミン、N,N-ジイソブチルアリルアミン、N-t-ブチルアリルアミン、N-アリルシクロヘキシルアミン、N-アリルモルホリン、N,N-ジアリルアミン、トリアリルアミン、N-アリルアニリン、N-ビニルカルバゾール、N-ビニルホルムアミド、N-ビニルアセトアミド、N-ビニルピロリドン、N-ビニルフタルイミド等
トリメチルビニルシラン、トリエチルビニルシラン、トリメトキシビニルシラン、トリエトキシビニルシラン、ジメトキシメチルビニルシラン、ジエトキシメチルビニルシラン、メトキシジメチルビニルシラン、エトキシジメチルビニルシラン、トリメトキシアリルシラン、トリエトキシアリルシラン、トリイソプロポキシビニルシラン、フェニルジメトキシビニルシラン、フェニルジエトキシビニルシラン、ジフェニルメトキシビニルシラン、ジフェニルエトキシビニルシラン、トリフェニルビニルシラン、トリフェニルビニルシラン等
(5)炭素-炭素不飽和結合含有シロキサン化合物
ペンタメチルビニルジシロキサン、テトラメチルジビニルジシロキサン、ヘプタメチルビニルトリシロキサン、ジメチルジフェニルジビニルジシロキサン、ジメチルビニルシロキシ基末端封鎖ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジメチルビニルシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・ジフェニルシロキサン)共重合体。トリメチルシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・メチルビニルシロキサン)共重合体、トリメチルシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・ジフェニルシロキサン、メチルビニルシロキサン)共重合体、ジメチルビニルシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・メチルビニルシロキサン)共重合体、ジメチルビニルシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン、メチルビニルシロキサン、ジフェニルシロキサン)共重合体、末端ヒドロキシ基封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・メチルビニルシロキサン)共重合体、α-ビニルジメチルポリシロキサン等
また、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物として、以下に示されるようなスルフィド基を有するアルケン化合物も使用できる。この場合、白金触媒を用いた場合で知られているアルケン末端の炭素に対してケイ素が結合したケイ素化合物とは異なり、アルケンの異性化反応を伴い、硫黄元素に隣接した炭素上にケイ素が結合したケイ素化合物が選択的に得られる。
(6)スルフィド基を有するアルケン化合物
メチルビニルスルフィド、エチルビニルスルフィド、n-プロピルビニルスルフィド、イソプロピルビニルスルフィド、n-ブチルビニルスルフィド、フェニルビニルスルフィド、ベンジルビニルスルフィド、メチルアリルスルフィド、エチルアリルスルフィド、n-プロピルアリルスルフィド、イソプロピルアリルスルフィド、n-ブチルアリルスルフィド、イソブチルアリルスルフィド、フェニルアリルスルフィド、ベンジルアリルスルフィド、アリル(n-プロピル)ジスルフィド、ジアリルスルフィド、ジアリルジスルフィド等
(1)シラン類
トリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン、トリイソプロポキシシラン、ジメトキシメチルシラン、ジエトキシメチルシラン、ジメトキシフェニルシラン、ジエトキシフェニルシラン、メトキシジメチルシラン、エトキシジメチルシラン、トリフェニルシラン、ジフェニルジシラン、フェニルトリシラン、ジフェニルメチルシラン、フェニルジメチルシラン、ジフェニルメトキシシラン、ジフェニルエトキシシラン等
(2)シロキサン類
ペンタメチルジシロキサン、テトラメチルジシロキサン、ヘプタメチルトリシロキサン、オクタメチルテトラシロキサン、ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基末端封鎖ジメチルポリシロキサン、ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基末端封鎖メチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、トリメチルシロキシ基末端封鎖メチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・ジフェニルシロキサン)共重合体、トリメチルシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・メチルヒドロシロキサン)共重合体、トリメチルシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・ジフェニルシロキサン、メチルハイドロジェンシロキサン)共重合体、ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・メチルハイドロジェンシロキサン)共重合体、ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基末端封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン、メチルハイドロジェンシロキサン、ジフェニルシロキサン)共重合体、末端ヒドロキシ基封鎖(ジメチルシロキサン・メチルハイドロジェンシロキサン)共重合体、片末端ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基末端封鎖ジメチルポリシロキサン等
脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物の具体例としては、上記ヒドロシリル化反応で例示した化合物と同様のものが挙げられる。
水素化反応における反応系内への水素分子の導入手段は、水素分子を含む気体を反応容器内にフローまたはバブリングしながら導入してもよく、水素分子を含む気体を封入した耐圧容器内で反応を行ってもよい。その際の圧力としては特に制限するものではないが、安全性の観点から、0.1~3MPaが好ましく、0.1~2MPaがより好ましい。
この場合、炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合を有する化合物と、Si-H結合含有化合物の使用比率は、特に限定されるものではないが、モル比として、(炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合)/(Si-H結合)=1/10~1/1が好ましく、1/5~1/1がより好ましく、1/3~1/1がより好ましい。
炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合を有する化合物の具体例としては、例えば、アセトフェノン、N,N-ジメチルベンズアミド、アセトニトリル等が挙げられる。
触媒の調製に用いた溶媒は、全て公知の方法で脱酸素、脱水を行った後に用いた。
得られた触媒は、25℃、窒素ガス雰囲気下で保存し、反応に用いた。
ヒドロシリル化反応および溶媒精製は、全て不活性ガス雰囲気下で行い、各種反応に用いた溶媒等は、全て予め公知の方法で精製、乾燥、脱酸素を行ったものを用いた。
1H-NMRの測定は日本電子(株)製JNM-ECA600,JNM-LA400を、IR測定は日本分光(株)製FT/IR-550を用いて行った。
なお、以下に示す化学構造式においては慣用的な表現法に従って水素原子を省略している。
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト(0.31g,1.0mmol)、テトラヒドロフラン(以下、THFと略す)(15mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(0.33g,4.0mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、0.27g,2.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約40mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Co2(CNtBu)8を得た(0.24g,61%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz,C6D6)δ:1.44(s,72H).
IR(ATR):ν=1666(CN(bridge)),2093,1977,1942(CN(terminal))cm-1
Anal.Calcd.for C40H72N8Co2:C,61.36;H,9.27;N,14.31 Found:C,61.06;H,9.52;N,14.05.
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト0.31g(1.0mmol)、1-イソシアノアダマンタン(以下、CNAdと略す)0.65g(4.0mmol)、THF(15mL)、KC8(0.27g,2.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をトルエン(約20ml)に溶解させ、再度セライトろ過した。ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した後、乾燥物を少量のベンゼン(約3ml)で洗うことにより、Co2(CNAd)8を得た(0.33g,47%)。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:2.32(s,48H),2.06(s,24H),1.71(d,J=10.3,24H),1.58(d,J=10.3,24H).
IR(ATR):ν=1647(CN(bridge)),2101,2000,1954(CN(terminal))cm-1
Anal.Calcd.for C88H120N8Co2:C,75.08;H,8.59;N,7.96 Found:C,75.16;H,8.62;N,7.46.
反応容器に、ヨウ化コバルト(13mg,0.10mmol)、メシチルイソシアニド(58mg,0.40mmol)、THF(3mL)、KC8(27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をトルエン(約3mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液の上からペンタン(約3mL)をゆっくり加えることにより、再結晶化させ、コバルトイソシアニド錯体Co2(CNMes)8を得た(42mg,66%)。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:6.60(s,12H),6.58(s,4H),2.46(s,36H),2.42(s,12H),2.05(s,18H),2.03(s,6H).
IR(ATR):ν=1669(CN(bridge)),2063,2026,1954(CN(terminal))cm-1
Anal.Calcd.for C80H88N8Co2:C,75.10;H,6.93;N,8.60 Found:C,75.21;H,6.90;N,8.60.
反応容器に、臭化鉄(22mg,0.10mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(42mg,0.50mmol)、KC8(27mg,0.20mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をペンタン(約4mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液を-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Fe(CNtBu)5を得た(30mg,63%)。
1H-NMR(600MHz,C6D6)δ:1.29(s,45H).
IR(ATR):ν=2119,2000,1943,1826(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、臭化鉄(216mg,1.0mmol)、THF(20mL)、アダマンチルイソシアニド(806mg,5.0mmol)、KC8(Strem Chemicals社製、270mg,2.0mmol)の順に加え、25℃で12時間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をベンゼン(約5mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液にペンタンを加えた後、-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Fe(CNAd)5を得た(601mg,収率70%)。
1H-NMR(396MHz,C6D6)δ:2.15(s,30H),1.88(s,15H),1.50(d,J=11.5,15H),1.42(d,J=11.5,15H).
IR(ATR):ν=2106(CN)cm-1
反応容器に、臭化ニッケル(ジメトキシエタン付加物)(31mg,0.1mmol)、THF(3mL)、t-ブチルイソシアニド(0.33g,0.4mmol)、KC8(270mg,2.0mmol)の順に加え、室温で30分間撹拌した。その後、反応溶液をセライトろ過し、ろ液の溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた乾燥物をベンゼン(約5mL)に溶解させ、不溶物をセライトろ過で取り除いた。ろ液にエーテルを加えた後、-35℃に冷却し、再結晶化することにより、Ni(CNtBu)4を得た(21mg,収率54%)。
1H-NMR(396MHz、C6D6)δ:1.09(s,36H).
IR(ATR):ν=2002(CN)cm-1
[実施例1]触媒としてCo2(CNtBu)8を用いたα-メチルスチレンの1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサンによるヒドロシリル化反応
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.94ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.27(t,J=6.8,2H),7.21(d,J=6.8,2H),7.15(t,J=6.8,1H),2.91(sext,J=6.8,1H),1.28(d,J=6.8,3H),0.90-0.98(m,2H),0.05(s,9H),-0.05(s,3H),-0.07(s,3H).
Co2(CNtBu)8の代わりに、触媒として表1に記載したコバルト-イソシアニド錯体(0.005mmol)をそれぞれ用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に反応を行った。その結果を以下の表1に示す。
反応容器に、ピバル酸コバルト3mg(0.01mmol)、CNAd5mg(0.03mmol)、THF100μLを加え、溶解させた。そこに、ジエトキシメチルシラン5.3mg(0.04mmol)を加え、25℃で1時間撹拌した。その後、α-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加えて、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.94ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.0005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(1.29mL,10mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(2.54mL,13mmol)を加え、80℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.94ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表2に示す。
反応容器に、Co2(CO)8(1.7mg,0.0005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(1.29mL,10mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(2.54mL,13mmol)を加え、80℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.94ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表2に示す。
反応容器に、合成例4で得られたFe(CNtBu)5(4.7mg,0.01mmol)、スチレン(114μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.90ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.24-7.29(m,2H),7.13-7.22(m,3H),2.61-2.68(m,2H),0.86-0.92(m,2H),0.08(s,9H),0.07(s,6H).
反応容器に、合成例3で得られたCo2(CNMes)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、1-オクテン(157μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.50ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.21-1.37(m,12H),0.88(t,J=6.8,3H),0.50(m,2H),0.06(s,9H),0.03(s,6H).
反応容器に、合成例3で得られたCo2(CNMes)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、スチレン(114μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.90ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.24-7.29(m,2H),7.13-7.22(m,3H),2.61-2.68(m,2H),0.86-0.92(m,2H),0.08(s,9H),0.07(s,6H).
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、アリルグリシジルエーテル(118μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.51ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.71(dd,J=11.6,J=3.9,1H)3.37-3.51(m,3H),3.26(dt,J=2.9,J=6.3,1H),2.62(t,J=4.4,1H),2.62(q,J=2.9,1H),1.59-1.65(m,2H),0.49-0.53(m,2H),0.06(s,9H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,5,5,5-ヘプタメチルトリシロキサン(351μL,1.3mmol)を加え、80℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.88ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表4に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.27(t,J=6.8,2H),7.21(d,J=6.8,2H),7.16(t,J=6.8,1H),2.92(sext,J=6.8,1H),1.28(d,J=6.8,3H),0.82-0.94(m,2H),0.09(s,9H),0.07(s,9H),-0.12(s,3H).
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、トリエトキシシラン(213mg,1.3mmol)を加え、80℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるフェニル基に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである3.00ppmの6重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表4に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.27(t,J=6.8,2H),7.21(d,J=6.8,2H),7.15(t,J=6.8,1H),3.73(q,J=6.8,6H),2.96(sext,J=6.8,1H),1.31(d,J=6.8,3H),1.18(m,J=6.8,9H),1.03(d,J=6.8,2H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、ジエトキシ(メチル)シラン(175mg,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるフェニル基に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである2.96ppmの6重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表4に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz、CDCl3)δ:7.27(t,J=6.8,2H),7.21(d,J=6.8,2H),7.15(t,J=6.8,1H),3.63-3.70(m,4H),3.00(sext,J=6.8,1H),1.32(d,J=6.8,3H),1.21(t,J=6.8,3H),1.15(t,J=6.8,3H),1.03(d,J=6.8,2H),-0.08(s,3H).
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、アリルグリシジルエーテル(154μL,1.3mmol)、両末端ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基封鎖ポリジメチルシロキサン(重合度18)(0.74g,0.50mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.54ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた(収率>99%)。
1H-NMR(396MHz、CDCl3)δ:3.70(m,1H),2.95-2.90(m,2H),3.45(m,3H),3.15(m,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.61(m,1H),1.62(m,2H),0.54(m,2H),0.08(br),0.05(s),-0.08(s).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、エチルビニルスルフィド(88mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーより分離精製を行い、目的生成物を239mg得た。その収率を表5に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.08(s,9H,-SiMe3),0.12(s,3H),0.16(s,3H),0.98(t,J=7.32Hz,3H),1.50-1.65(m,3H),1.68-1.71(m,1H),1.75-1.81(m,1H),2.49(t,2H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(6.0mg,0.0075mmol)、フェニルビニルスルフィド(68mg,0.5mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(223mg,1.5mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、クーゲルロール蒸留により分離精製を行い、目的生成物を129mg得た。その収率を表5に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.11(s,9H),0.18(s,3H),0.20(s,3H),1.31(d,J=7.73Hz,3H),2.54(q,J=7.09Hz,1H),7.28(dd,J=7.73,9.67Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=7.73Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=9.67Hz,2H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、メチルアリルスルフィド(88mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーより分離精製を行い、目的生成物を209mg得た。その収率を表5に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.08(s,9H),0.13(s,3H),0.16(s,3H),1.06(t,J=7.14Hz,3H),1.57-1.62(m,2H),1.75-1.81(m,1H),2.09(s,3H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、n-プロピルアリルスルフィド(116mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーより分離精製を行い、目的生成物を239mg得た。その収率を表5に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.08(s,9H),0.12(s,3H),0.16(s,3H),0.98(t,J=7.32Hz,3H),1.50-1.65(m,3H),1.68-1.71(m,1H),1.75-1.81(m,1H),2.49(t,2H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(9.7mg,0.0125mmol)、フェニルアリルスルフィド(75mg,0.5mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(127μL,0.65mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、クーゲルロール蒸留により分離精製を行い、目的生成物を142mg得た。その収率を表5に示す。
1H-NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.10(s,9H),0.19(s,3H),0.19(s,3H),1.31(t,J=7.42Hz,3H),1.67(dqd,J=6.04,7.42,13.74Hz,1H),1.81(dqd,6.04,7.42,13.74Hz,1H),7.14(td,J=7.42,2.75Hz,1H),7.25-7.26(m,2H),7.35(dd,J=8.24,1.10Hz,2H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、ベンジルアリルスルフィド(164mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、クーゲルロール蒸留により分離精製を行い、目的生成物を245mg得た。その収率を表5に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.05(s,9H),0.06(s,3H),1.01(t,J=7.32Hz,3H),1.53-1.62(m,1H),1.63-1.67(m,1H),1.69-1.80(m,1H),3.66-3.75(m,2H),7.22-7.30(m,5H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得たCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、メチルアリルスルフィド(88mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定した結果、原料のみが確認され、生成物は見られなかった(0%収率)。
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、N-アリルアニリン(133mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.59ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表6に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.07(s,15H),0.59(m,2H),1.63(m,2H),3.10(q,J=5.8,2H),3.66(br,1H),6.60(d,J=7.7,2H),6.68(t,J=7.7,1H),7.17(t,J=7.2,2H).
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、N,N-ジエチルアリルアミン(113mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.46ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表6に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.03(s,9H),0.04(s,3H),0.05(s,3H),0.46(m,2H),1.02(t,J=7.4,6H),1.47(m,2H),2.40(t,J=8.0,2H),2.52(q,J=7.4,4H).
反応容器に、合成例3で得られたCo2(CNMes)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、溶媒としてのN-メチルピロリドン(100μL)、9-ビニルカルバゾール(193mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである1.16ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表6に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.15(s,6H),0.17(s,9H),1.16(m,2H),4.38(m,2H),7.23(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.47(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),8.11(d,J=7.7Hz,2H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、溶媒としてのDME(100μL)、N-ビニルフタルイミド(173mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである1.03ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表6に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.07(s,9H),0.14(s,6H),1.03(m,2H),3.75(m,2H),7.69-7.80(m,4H).
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、N-ビニル-2-ピロリドン(111mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.81ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表6に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.08(s,9H),0.10(s,6H),0.82(m,2H),2.00(quint,J=7.2,2H),2.36(t,J=7.7,2H),3.36(m,4H).
反応容器に、Co2(CO)8(1.7mg,0.005mmol)、N-ビニル-2-ピロリドン(111mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.81ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表6に示す。
[実施例24]触媒としてCo2(CNtBu)8を用いたアセトフェノンのジメチルフェニルシランによるヒドロシラン還元反応
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.28(s,3H),0.33(s,3H),1.42(d,J=6.4Hz),4.85(q,6.4Hz,1H),7.16-7.41(m,8H),7.53-7.59(m,2H).
1:1付加体(a);1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.02(s,3H),0.10(s,3H),0.13(d,J=3.0,3H),0.14(d,J=3.0,3H),1.46(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),4.66(m,1H),4.98(q,6.4Hz,1H),7.19-7.37(m,5H).
1:2付加体(b);1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.05-0.17(m,12H),1.44(d,J=6.5Hz,6H),4.94(q,6.4Hz,2H),7.19-7.37(m,10H).
反応容器に、Fe2(CO)5(1.8mg,0.005mmol)、アセトフェノン(120mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルジシロキサン(147mg,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。その結果を表7に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):2.24(s,6H),3.42(s,2H),7.30-7.38(m,5H).
反応容器に、Co2(CO)8(1.7mg,0.005mmol)、N,N-ジメチルベンズアミド(149mg,1.0mmol)、ジフェニルシラン(239mg,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。その結果を表8に示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):0.18(s,6H),0.19(s,6H),1.02(t,J=6.4,3H),2.88(q,J=6.4,2H).
反応容器に、Co2(CO)8(1.7mg,0.005mmol)、アセトニトリル(41mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルジシロキサン(147mg,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。その結果を表9に示す。
[実施例29]触媒としてCo2(CNtBu)8を用いた1-オクテンの水素化反応
オートクレーブ用反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、1-オクテン(1.12g,10mmol)を加え、10atm水素を導入し、80℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。その結果を表10に示す。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ=0.88(t,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.16-1.36(m,12H).
オートクレーブ用反応容器に、合成例4で得られたFe(CNtBu)5(4.7mg,0.01mmol)、スチレン(1.04g,10mmol)を加え、10atm水素を導入し、80℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。その結果を表10に示す。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ=1.13(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),2.54(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.02-7.20(m,5H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、トリエチルシラン(151mg,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物における2.86ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表11に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.21-7.27(m,4H),7.15-7.17(m,1H),2.86(sext,J=6.8,1H),1.27(d,J=6.8,3H),0.98(dd,J=14.8,6.8Hz,1H),0.90(dd,J=14.8,6.8Hz,1H),0.86(t,J=8.0,9H),0.34-0.48(m,6H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、ジメチルフェニルシラン(177mg,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物における2.85ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表11に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.44-7.47(2H,m),7.31-7.34(3H,m),7.21-7.26(2H,m),7.11-7.17(3H,m),2.85(sext,J=6.8,1H),1.23(d,J=6.8,3H),1.22(dd,J=14.8,6.8Hz,1H),1.15(dd,J=14.8,6.8Hz,1H),0.15(s,3H),0.09(s,3H).
反応容器に、合成例2で得られたCo2(CNAd)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、α-メチルスチレン(1.53mg,13mmol)、両末端ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基封鎖ポリジメチルシロキサン(重合度18)(7.4g,5.0mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.98ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた(収率>99%)。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.27(t,J=6.8,2H),7.21(d,J=6.8,2H),7.15(t,J=6.8,1H),2.92(sext,J=6.8,1H),1.28(d,J=6.8,3H),0.90-0.98(m,2H),0.05(s),-0.05(s),-0.07(s).
グローブボックス内で、反応容器に、合成例3で得られたCo2(CNMes)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)を加えた。その反応容器をグローブボックスの外へ出し、空気中室温で24時間放置した。その後、反応容器をグローブボックス内に持ち込みα-メチルスチレン(129μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、25℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.94ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた(収率>99%)。
反応容器に、合成例5で得られたFe(CNAd)5(8.6mg,0.01mmol)、スチレン(114μL,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.90ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表12に示す。
反応容器に、合成例5で得られたFe(CNAd)5(8.6mg,0.01mmol)、スチレン(114μL,1.0mmol)、ジエトキシ(メチル)シラン(175mg,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.90ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表12に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.20(m,5H),3.80(m,4H)2.68-2.72(m,2H),1.23(t,J=6.8,6H),0.97-1.01(m,2H),0.12(s,3H).
反応容器に、合成例5で得られたFe(CNAd)5(8.6mg,0.01mmol)、スチレン(154μL,1.3mmol)、両末端ジメチルハイドロジェンシロキシ基封鎖ポリジメチルシロキサン(重合度18)(0.74g,0.50mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.90ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表13に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.24-7.29(m,2H),7.13-7.22(m,3H),2.61-2.68(m,2H),0.86-0.92(m,2H),0.08(s),0.07(s).
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.22-7.29(m,5H),2.65(q,J=7.6Hz,1H),1.35(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),0.01(s,9H),-0.01(s,3H),-0.02(s,3H).
反応容器に、合成例3で得られたCo2(CNMes)8(6.4mg,0.005mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチル-3-ビニルジシロキサン(174mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、80℃で3時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.40ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表14に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.03(s,12H),0.06(s,18H),0.40(s,4H).
反応容器に、合成例1で得られたCo2(CNtBu)8(3.4mg,0.005mmol)、ビニルトリエトキシシラン(190mg,1.0mmol)、1,1,1,3,3-ペンタメチルジシロキサン(254μL,1.3mmol)を加え、50℃で24時間撹拌した。反応終了後、1H-NMRスペクトルを測定して生成物の構造と収率を決定した。目的生成物におけるケイ素に隣接する炭素上のプロトンのシグナルである0.50ppmの多重線を確認し、その収率を求めた。その結果を表14に示す。
1H-NMR(396MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.78(6H,q,J=7.0Hz),1.19(9H,t,J=7.0Hz),0.47-0.53(4H,m),0.02(9H,s),0.00(6H,s).
Claims (13)
- 下記式(1)で示される化合物からなり、脂肪族不飽和結合に対するヒドロシリル化反応もしくは水素化反応、または炭素-酸素不飽和結合もしくは炭素-窒素不飽和結合に対するヒドロシラン還元反応から選ばれる少なくとも1種の反応に活性を有する触媒。
Mn(L)m (1)
{式中、Mは、酸化数が0価のFe、Co、またはNiを表し、Lは、下記式(2)で示されるイソシアニド配位子を表し、nは、1~8の整数を表し、mは、2~12の整数を表す。
(CN)x-R1 (2)
(式中、R1は、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、酸素、窒素、硫黄、およびケイ素から選ばれる原子が1個またはそれ以上介在してもよい、炭素原子数1~30の1~3価の有機基を表し、xは、1~3の整数を表す。)} - 前記式(2)において、xが1である請求項1記載の触媒。
- 前記式(1)において、n=1のときm=2、4または5であり、n=2~4のときm=6~10の整数であり、n=8のときm=12である請求項1または2記載の触媒。
- 前記式(1)において、MがFeのとき、n=1、m=5であり、MがCoのとき、n=2、m=8であり、MがNiのとき、n=1、m=2もしくは4、またはn=3、4もしくは8、m=4、6、7もしくは12である請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の触媒。
- 前記式(1)におけるMが、FeまたはCoである請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の触媒。
- 前記式(2)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~30の1価の炭化水素基である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の触媒。
- 前記式(2)におけるR1が、炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、炭素原子数3~20のシクロアルキル基、炭素原子数6~30のアリール基、および炭素原子数7~30のアルキルアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である請求項6記載の触媒。
- 前記式(2)におけるR1が、t-ブチル基、1-アダマンチル基、メシチル基、フェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基、および2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の炭化水素基である請求項7記載の触媒。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の触媒を用いることを特徴とする、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物とSi-H結合含有化合物とのヒドロシリル化反応物の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の触媒を用いることを特徴とする、脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物の水素化反応物の製造方法。
- 前記脂肪族不飽和結合含有化合物が、オレフィン化合物、またはSi原子と結合したアルケニル基を有するシラン化合物もしくはオルガノポリシロキサンである請求項9または10記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の触媒を用いることを特徴とする、炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合を有する化合物のSi-H結合含有化合物による還元反応物の製造方法。
- 前記炭素-酸素不飽和結合または炭素-窒素不飽和結合を有する化合物が、アルデヒド化合物、ケトン化合物、アミド化合物またはニトリル化合物である請求項12記載の還元反応物の製造方法。
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RU2840134C1 (ru) * | 2024-06-11 | 2025-05-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт элементоорганических соединений им. А.Н. Несмеянова Российской академии наук (ИНЭОС РАН) | Каталитическая система и способ гидросилилирования непредельных соединений с её использованием |
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US20200001285A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
US12296325B2 (en) | 2025-05-13 |
JPWO2018159595A1 (ja) | 2019-12-19 |
EP3590596A4 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
CN110366449B (zh) | 2022-10-21 |
US20230241594A1 (en) | 2023-08-03 |
EP3590596B1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
US20220401938A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
CN110366449A (zh) | 2019-10-22 |
EP3590596A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
JP6786034B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
KR20190125374A (ko) | 2019-11-06 |
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