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WO2017167086A1 - 电器开关的接通分断机构 - Google Patents

电器开关的接通分断机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017167086A1
WO2017167086A1 PCT/CN2017/077637 CN2017077637W WO2017167086A1 WO 2017167086 A1 WO2017167086 A1 WO 2017167086A1 CN 2017077637 W CN2017077637 W CN 2017077637W WO 2017167086 A1 WO2017167086 A1 WO 2017167086A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
support member
connecting rod
loop
contact bridge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/077637
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾峰
奚泓
郑捷欣
李思泓
黄悲鸣
曾萍
顾长恂
钟晨初
Original Assignee
上海电科电器科技有限公司
浙江正泰电器股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 上海电科电器科技有限公司, 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海电科电器科技有限公司
Publication of WO2017167086A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017167086A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of low voltage electrical appliances, and more particularly to an on-off mechanism for electrical switches.
  • the electrical switch can switch on and off the normal operating current and break the loop in the event of a fault to protect the electrical equipment in the loop.
  • the breaking demand for the electrical switch is that it is desirable to achieve the breaking as soon as possible in the event of a fault, and it is desirable that the electrical switch has a long service life and reliability.
  • Typical causes of failure include non-short circuit faults and short circuit faults.
  • the breaking speed is not high because there is no large short-circuit current in the loop.
  • the short-circuit fault has a high requirement on the breaking speed. Since the short-circuit current is large, it is desirable to break the loop as soon as possible.
  • the electric repulsion generated by the short-circuit current is the main source of power for the breaking circuit.
  • the light-weight and small-sized components have a faster response speed and are more suitable for the demand.
  • the on-off mechanism of the electrical switch uses the same set of components to achieve non-short-circuit fault breaking and short-circuit fault breaking. It is obvious that the requirements of the two are different, and there is a contradiction between mechanical strength, service life and breaking speed.
  • the invention aims to propose an on-off mechanism of an electrical switch, taking into consideration mechanical strength and breaking speed.
  • an on/off mechanism of an electrical switch connected to The circuit of the electrical switch includes: a tie rod, a contact support member, a connecting rod, a contact bridge and a slider.
  • the contact bridge is arranged on the slider, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the slider, the contact bridge is located between the connecting rod and the sliding block, the contact supporting member is hollow, the inner limiting hole is provided, and the contact supporting member is erected on the sliding block and the contact
  • the connecting rod is received in the limiting hole of the contact support, and the pull rod is connected to the connecting rod.
  • the contact bridge is connected to the incoming and outgoing ends of the circuit, and the loop is connected.
  • the contact support member Operating the contact support member, so that the contact bridge is separated from the incoming end and the outgoing end of the circuit, and the loop is disconnected, or the electric repulsion replies the incoming end and the outgoing end of the contact bridge and the loop, the loop is disconnected, and the contact support member Maintain the loop in the off position.
  • the reaction force spring is coupled to the slider through which the contact bridge is coupled to the incoming and outgoing ends of the circuit.
  • the electromagnetic operating mechanism is connected to the contact support member, and the electromagnetic operating mechanism operates the contact support member.
  • the contact support member separates the contact bridge from the incoming end and the outgoing end of the circuit to perform normal breaking.
  • the operating mechanism is connected to the contact support member, the operating mechanism trips and operates the contact support member, and the contact support member separates the incoming and outgoing ends of the contact bridge from the loop and maintains the separated position, thereby performing non-short-circuit fault breaking.
  • the electric repulsion dissipates the incoming and outgoing ends of the contact bridge and the circuit, and the circuit is disconnected.
  • the connecting rod drives the operating mechanism to trip through the pull rod to maintain the circuit in the disconnected position.
  • the slider has spacers at both ends and the middle portion in the longitudinal direction, and has brackets at both sides in the width direction at both sides in the longitudinal direction, and the shaft holes are formed in the bracket.
  • the contact bridge is arranged on the slider, and the spacer on the slider forms a support for the contact bridge.
  • the two ends of the contact bridge have contacts, and the middle portion of the contact bridge has a block, and the position of the block is opposite to the position of the bracket on the slider.
  • the block and the bracket cooperate to make the position of the contact bridge on the slider relatively fixed.
  • the bottom of the connecting rod has a laterally extending connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is placed in the shaft hole such that the connecting rod is coupled to the slider, and the connecting rod is rotatable relative to the slider through the connecting shaft and the shaft hole.
  • the upper portion of the connecting rod has a connecting hole.
  • the pull rod includes a top hook body and a lower leg. The hook body is connected to the operating mechanism, and the leg protrudes into the connecting hole of the upper portion of the connecting rod, and the pull rod moves along with the connecting rod.
  • the contact support member has a groove on a side wall facing the side of the pull rod, the groove is such that the pull rod is connected to the connecting rod and follows the movement of the pull rod, and the contact support member is on both sides of the bottom end, corresponding to the slider
  • the position of the bracket forms an opening and a stopper, and the opening and the stopper are engaged on the connecting shaft of the connecting rod and cooperate with the connecting shaft together with the bracket.
  • the top surface of the contact support has a plurality of working faces that cooperate with an electromagnetic operating mechanism or operating mechanism, respectively.
  • the electromagnetic operating mechanism has a pressure plate that swings up and down, the pressure plate mating with the first working surface of the contact support.
  • the pressure plate is upward and does not contact the first working surface, and the reaction force spring connects the contact bridge with the incoming end and the outgoing end of the circuit, and the circuit is normally connected.
  • the pressure plate is downward, is in contact with the first working surface, and the contact support member is downward, pushing the contact bridge and the incoming end and the outgoing end of the circuit to separate, and the circuit is normally disconnected.
  • the operating mechanism has an actuating link that mates with a second working surface of the contact support.
  • the operating mechanism does not operate, and the action link does not contact the second working surface.
  • the operating mechanism is tripped, the action link is in contact with the second working surface, the contact support member is downward, and the incoming and outgoing ends of the contact bridge and the circuit are pushed apart, and the loop is not short-circuited and broken.
  • the operating mechanism has a lever that is coupled to the drawbar. Under the short-circuit fault, the incoming and outgoing ends of the contact bridge and the circuit are disengaged, the lever drives the lever, the lever causes the operating mechanism to trip, the action link of the operating mechanism contacts the second working surface, and the contact support member is downwardly maintained. The incoming and outgoing ends of the bridge and the loop are in the separated position, and the loop short circuit is broken.
  • the on-off mechanism of the electrical switch of the invention is executed by different components for normal on-off, non-short-circuit fault breaking and short-circuit fault breaking, taking into account the mechanical strength, service life and breaking speed of the mechanism, satisfying and reliable breaking and longer Service life requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an on-off mechanism of an electrical switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded structural view showing an on-off structure of an electrical switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3a and 3b illustrate assembly structures of a connecting rod, a contact bridge, and a slider in an on-off mechanism of an electrical switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing an assembly structure of an on-off mechanism, an inlet end, an outlet end, and an operating mechanism of an electrical switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing an assembly structure of an on-off mechanism and an inlet end, an outlet end, an operating mechanism, and an electromagnetic operating mechanism of an electric appliance switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate a schematic diagram of a switch-on mechanism of an electrical switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with an electromagnetic operating mechanism to perform a normal switch-on.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the breaking and breaking mechanism of the electrical switch of the embodiment of the present invention cooperates with the operating mechanism to perform fault breaking except for the short circuit.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the short-circuit fault breaking performed by the on-off breaking mechanism of the electrical switch according to an embodiment of the present invention and the operating mechanism.
  • the invention provides an on-off mechanism of an electrical switch connected to a circuit of an electrical switch, comprising: a pull rod, a contact support member, a connecting rod, a contact bridge and a slider.
  • the contact bridge is arranged on the slider, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the slider, the contact bridge is located between the connecting rod and the sliding block, the contact supporting member is hollow, the inner limiting hole is provided, and the contact supporting member is erected on the sliding block and the contact
  • the connecting rod is received in the limiting hole of the contact support, and the pull rod is connected to the connecting rod.
  • the contact bridge is connected to the incoming and outgoing ends of the circuit, and the loop is connected.
  • the present invention performs the breaking of different components for different breaking situations. Normal break and non-short circuit fault breaks are performed by the contact support. Short-circuit breaking is first performed by the contact bridge and then locked by the contact holder. The balance between mechanical strength, service life and breaking speed is achieved by different components.
  • FIG. 1 discloses a structural view of an on-off mechanism of an electrical switch according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded structural view of the on-off mechanism of the electrical switch.
  • the on-off mechanism 201 of the electrical switch includes a pull rod 101, a contact support member 102, a link 103, a contact bridge 104, and a slider 105.
  • Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the assembled structural view of the connecting rod, the contact bridge and the slider, from which the structure of the connecting rod 103, the contact bridge 104 and the slider 105 and the manner of assembly thereof are visible.
  • the slider 105 has a spacer 151 at both ends and in the middle in the longitudinal direction.
  • a bracket 152 is provided at a position intermediate the longitudinal direction, and a shaft hole 153 is formed in the bracket 152.
  • the contact bridge 104 has an elongated shape as a whole and is mounted on the slider 105.
  • the spacer 151 on the slider 105 forms a support for the contact bridge 104, and the spacers 151 at the both ends and the middle support the middle and both ends of the contact bridge 104, respectively. Both ends of the contact bridge 104 have contacts 141.
  • the middle of the contact bridge 104 has a block 142 that is positioned corresponding to the position of the bracket 152 on the slider 105. The block 142 cooperates with the bracket 152 such that the position of the contact bridge 104 on the slider 105 is relatively fixed.
  • the link 103 has a cylindrical shape, and the bottom of the link 103 has a laterally extending connecting shaft 131, and the connecting shaft 131 is placed in the shaft hole 153 such that the link 103 is coupled to the slider 105.
  • the link 103 is rotatable relative to the slider 105 through the connecting shaft 131 and the shaft hole 153.
  • Contact bridge 104 is located between link 103 and slider 105.
  • the connecting rod 103 can be rotated relative to the slider 105 through the connecting shaft 131, so that the contact bridge 104 has a certain movable space, so that the contacts at the two ends of the contact bridge 104 can be kept with the static contacts at the incoming and outgoing ends of the two sides. Contact to avoid the problem of loop failure due to contact bridge deflection.
  • the link 103 has a connection hole 132 at an upper portion thereof.
  • the contact support 102 is a hollow structure having an outer contour of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the contact support member 102 has a limiting hole, and the connecting rod 103 is received in the limiting hole.
  • the shape and size of the limiting hole should be such that the movement of the link 103 therein is not limited, and it is free to move up and down or to rotate about the connecting shaft 131 within a certain range.
  • the contact holder 102 has a groove 121 formed in a side wall facing the side of the tie rod 101, and the groove 121 enables the tie rod 101 to be coupled to the link 103 and to follow the movement.
  • the contact holders 102 are formed on the two sides of the bottom end, corresponding to the position of the bracket 152 of the slider 105 to form the opening 122 and the stopper 123.
  • the opening 122 and the stopper 123 are engaged with the connecting shaft 131 of the link 103, and cooperate with the bracket 152 together with the connecting shaft 131.
  • the opening 122 and the stop 123 allow the mounting position of the contact holder 102 to be substantially fixed, and are fixed relative to the slider 105 and the contact bridge 104.
  • a plurality of working faces are formed on the top surface of the contact support member 102, respectively, which cooperate with the operating mechanism 202 and the electromagnetic operating mechanism 203, which will be described in detail later.
  • the tie rod 101 includes a top hook body 111 and a lower leg 112.
  • the top hook 111 cooperates with the operating mechanism and will be described in detail later.
  • the lower leg 112 projects into the connecting hole 132 in the upper portion of the link 103. Through the connection of the leg 112 to the connecting hole 132, the pull rod 111 will follow the link 103 to move up and down.
  • the number of contact holders 102, links 103, contact bridges 104, and sliders 105 are all three, and each of the contact holders 102, the links 103, the contact bridges 104, and the sliders 105 serve one phase.
  • the legs 101 of the tie rods 101 are three, and each of the legs 112 is connected to a link 103. Since the three phases are operated synchronously, only one of the hooks 111 is used, and the three legs 112 are connected to the same hook body 111 through the transverse connecting rods.
  • the switch-on mechanism 201 of the present invention cooperates with the operating mechanism 202, the electromagnetic operating mechanism 203, and the reaction force spring 204, and is connected to the circuit through the inlet end 205 and the outlet end 206 to realize the opening or breaking of the circuit of the switching device.
  • 4 and 5 disclose an assembly structure diagram of the on-off breaking mechanism 201.
  • FIG. 4 discloses an assembly structure diagram of the on-off breaking mechanism, the inlet end, the outlet end, and the operating mechanism.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing the assembly structure of the on-off breaking mechanism and the inlet end, the outlet end, the operating mechanism and the electromagnetic operating mechanism.
  • the inlet end 205 and the outlet end 206 have static contacts, respectively, and the stationary contacts are respectively located above the contacts at both ends of the contact bridge 104.
  • the reaction force spring 204 is mounted below the slider 105, and the reaction force spring 204 provides an upward force to the slider 105 such that the contacts at both ends of the contact bridge 104 are in contact with the stationary contacts on the incoming end 205 and the outgoing end 206, respectively.
  • the incoming end 205 and the outgoing end 206 are in communication via a contact bridge 104.
  • the operating mechanism 202 and the electromagnetic operating mechanism 203 are generally mounted above the switch-on mechanism 201, and the operating mechanism 202 and the electromagnetic operating mechanism 203 act on the contact pins.
  • the holding member 102 presses the contact support member 102 downward, and drives the contact bridge 104 and the slider 105 to move downward against the spring force of the reaction force spring 204, so that the contacts at both ends of the contact bridge 104 are separated from the static contacts, and the incoming line is separated. End 205 and outlet end 206 are disconnected.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate a schematic diagram of a switch-on mechanism of an electrical switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with an electromagnetic operating mechanism to perform a normal switch-on.
  • the electromagnetic operating mechanism 203 is used to achieve normal on-off.
  • the electromagnetic operating mechanism 203 has a pressure plate 231 that can swing up and down. The front end of the pressure plate 231 is aligned with the first working surface 124 at the top of the contact support 102. In the ON state, the pressure plate 231 is swung upward, and the front end of the pressure plate 231 is not in contact with the first working surface 124. The contact holder 102 does not move downward.
  • the action of the reaction spring 204 causes the contacts of the contact bridge 104 to contact the stationary contacts of the incoming end 205 and the outgoing end 206, and the incoming end 205 and the outgoing end 206 remain electrically connected.
  • the pressure plate 231 is swung downward, the front end of the pressure plate 231 is in contact with the first working surface 124, the pressing plate 231 acts on the first working surface 124 to press the contact support member 102 downward, and the contact support member 102 moves downward to drive the contact bridge 104.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the breaking and breaking mechanism of the electrical switch of the embodiment of the present invention cooperates with the operating mechanism to perform fault breaking except for the short circuit.
  • the operating mechanism 202 is used to implement fault breaking in addition to the short circuit.
  • the operating mechanism 202 has an action link 222 that aligns with the second working surface 125 at the top of the contact support 202. When no fault occurs, the operating mechanism 202 does not act and the actuating link 222 remains in place. When a fault other than the short circuit occurs, the operating mechanism 202 trips, the action link 222 moves downward, presses down the second working surface 125 of the contact support member 102, and the contact support member 102 moves downward to drive the contact.
  • the bridge 104 and the slider 105 move downward against the spring force of the reaction force spring 204.
  • the contacts on the contact bridge 104 are separated from the stationary contacts of the incoming end 205 and the outgoing end 206, and the electrical input terminal 205 and the outgoing terminal 206 are electrically connected. Disconnect.
  • the on-off breaking mechanism of the present invention the above two kinds of breaking are realized by the contact supporting member 102, and the contact supporting member 102 can be made of materials with high density and good mechanical properties, and It has a certain volume and thickness to ensure strength and force capacity to improve the overall mechanical life of the switch-on mechanism. Since the above two kinds of breaking are not required for the breaking speed, the larger and heavier contact support does not affect the overall electrical performance.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the short-circuit fault breaking performed by the on-off breaking mechanism of the electrical switch according to an embodiment of the present invention and the operating mechanism.
  • the electric repulsion due to the short circuit current directly detaches the contacts on the contact bridge from the static contacts.
  • the electric repulsive force is greater than the spring force of the reaction force spring 204, and the electric repulsive force presses the contact bridge 104 and the slider 105 downward, so that the electrical connection between the inlet end 205 and the outlet end 206 is broken.
  • the link 103 is moved downward together, and the leg 112 of the tie rod 101 is connected to the link 103, so that the tie rod 101 moves downward along with the link 103.
  • the hook body 111 comes into contact with the lever 221 of the operating mechanism 202, and the lever 221 is pulled downward to cause the operating mechanism 202 to trip.
  • the action link 222 moves downward and presses against the second working surface 125 of the contact support member 102. Under the action of the action link 222, the contact support member 102 also moves downward and is pressed.
  • the contact bridge 104 and the slider 105 prevent the contact bridge 104 from springing back, so that the electrical connection between the inlet end 205 and the outlet end 206 is stably disconnected, and the circuit is broken.
  • the short-circuit fault breaking mechanism of the present invention performs the short-circuit fault breaking, only the components such as the contact bridge 104, the slider 105, the connecting rod 103 and the tie rod 101 operate, and these components are small in size and light in weight, and can be used in the electric repulsion function. Act quickly and quickly break down. After the circuit is broken, the electric repulsion disappears, and in order to prevent the reaction force spring 204 from causing the slider 105 and the contact bridge 104 to spring back to reconnect the circuit, the tie rod 101 is designed. The pull rod 101 can trip the operating mechanism 202 through the lever 221, and then the contact support member 102 is pressed down by the action link 202, and the contact bridge 104 and the slider 105 are pressed against the rebound to ensure reliable breaking of the circuit.
  • the on-off mechanism of the electrical switch of the invention is executed by different components for normal on-off, non-short-circuit fault breaking and short-circuit fault breaking, taking into account the mechanical strength, service life and breaking speed of the mechanism, satisfying and reliable breaking and longer Service life requirements.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

一种电器开关的接通分断机构，连接到电器开关的回路中，包括：拉杆（101）、触头支持件（102）、连杆（103）、接触桥（104）和滑块（105）。接触桥架设在滑块上，连杆转动连接到滑块，接触桥位于连杆和滑块之间，触头支持件为中空，内部具有限位孔，触头支持件架设在滑块和接触桥上，连杆容纳在触头支持件的限位孔中，拉杆连接到连杆。接触桥与回路的进线端（205）和出线端（206）连接，回路接通。操作触头支持件，使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路断开；或者电动斥力斥开接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端，回路断开，触头支持件维持回路于断开位置。该接通分断机构针对正常接通分断、非短路故障分断和短路故障分断由不同的部件执行，兼顾了机构的机械强度、使用寿命和分断速度。

Description

电器开关的接通分断机构 技术领域
本发明涉及低压电器领域，更具体地说，涉及电器开关的接通分断机构。
背景技术
电器开关能够接通和分断正常工作电流，并在故障时分断回路以保护回路中的电气设备。对于电器开关的分断需求是希望在出现故障时能够尽快实现分断，同时希望电器开关具有较长的使用寿命和可靠性。
由于故障的原因不同，使得上述的需求存在一定的矛盾。一般的故障原因包括非短路故障和短路故障。对于非短路故障而言，由于回路中并不存在很大的短路电流，因此分断速度的要求不高。此时为了确保电器开关的使用寿命，希望增加元件的机械强度，于是会考虑采用密度较高、机械强度较好的材料制作元件，并且元件的体积和重量会比较大，由此获得较好的机械强度来延长使用寿命。但短路故障对分断速度的要求很高，由于短路电流较大，希望尽快分断回路。对于短路故障而言，由短路电流产生的电动斥力是分断回路的主要动力来源，在同等电动斥力的情况下，重量轻、体积小的元件响应速度更快，更能满足需求。
目前的电器开关的接通分断机构采用同一套元件来实现非短路故障分断和短路故障分断，很明显两者的要求不同，在机械强度、使用寿命和分断速度之间存在矛盾。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种电器开关的接通分断机构，兼顾机械强度和分断速度。
根据本发明的一实施例，提出一种电器开关的接通分断机构，连接到 电器开关的回路中，包括：拉杆、触头支持件、连杆、接触桥和滑块。接触桥架设在滑块上，连杆转动连接到滑块，接触桥位于连杆和滑块之间，触头支持件为中空，内部具有限位孔，触头支持件架设在滑块和接触桥上，连杆容纳在触头支持件的限位孔中，拉杆连接到连杆。接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端连接，回路接通。操作触头支持件，使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路断开，或者，电动斥力斥开接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端，回路断开，触头支持件维持回路于断开位置。
在一个实施例中，反力弹簧连接到滑块，通过滑块使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端连接。电磁操作机构连接到触头支持件，电磁操作机构操作触头支持件，通过触头支持件使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，执行正常分断。操作机构连接到触头支持件，操作机构脱扣并操作触头支持件，通过触头支持件使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离并维持分离位置，执行非短路故障分断。电动斥力斥开接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端，回路断开，连杆通过拉杆带动操作机构脱扣，维持回路于断开位置。
在一个实施例中，滑块在长度方向的两端和中部具有垫块，在宽度方向的两侧，位于长度方向中间的位置具有支架，支架上形成轴孔。接触桥架设在滑块上，滑块上的垫块对接触桥形成支撑，接触桥的两端具有触点，接触桥的中部具有卡块，卡块的位置与滑块上的支架的位置相对应，卡块与支架配合使得接触桥在滑块上的位置相对固定。连杆的底部具有横向延伸的连接轴，连接轴放置在轴孔中，使得连杆连接到滑块上，连杆能够通过连接轴和轴孔相对于滑块转动。
在一个实施例中，连杆的上部具有连接孔。拉杆包括顶部的钩体和下方的支脚，钩体连接到操作机构，支脚伸入到连杆上部的连接孔中，拉杆会跟随连杆移动。
在一个实施例中，触头支持件在朝向拉杆一侧的侧壁上开有槽，槽使得拉杆与连杆连接并跟随拉杆移动，触头支持件在底端的两侧，对应滑块 的支架的位置形成开孔和挡块，开孔和挡块卡接在连杆的连接轴上，并与连接轴一起与支架配合。
在一个实施例中，触头支持件的顶面上具有数个工作面，分别与电磁操作机构或操作机构配合。
在一个实施例中，电磁操作机构具有上下摆动的压板，压板与触头支持件的第一工作面配合。压板向上，与第一工作面不接触，反力弹簧使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端连接，回路正常接通。压板向下，与第一工作面接触，触头支持件向下，推动接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路正常分断。
在一个实施例中，操作机构具有动作连杆，动作连杆与触头支持件的第二工作面配合。操作机构不动作，动作连杆与第二工作面不接触。非短路故障下操作机构脱扣，动作连杆与第二工作面接触，触头支持件向下，推动接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路非短路故障分断。
在一个实施例中，操作机构具有杠杆，杠杆与拉杆连接。短路故障下接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端斥开，拉杆带动杠杆，杠杆使得操作机构脱扣，操作机构的动作连杆与第二工作面接触，触头支持件向下，维持接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端于分离位置，回路短路故障分断。
本发明的电器开关的接通分断机构针对正常接通分断、非短路故障分断和短路故障分断由不同的部件执行，兼顾了机构的机械强度、使用寿命和分断速度，满足和可靠分断和较长使用寿命的要求。
附图说明
本发明上述的以及其他的特征、性质和优势将通过下面结合附图和实施例的描述而变的更加明显，在附图中相同的附图标记始终表示相同的特征，其中：
图1揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构的结构图。
图2揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断结构的分解结构图。
图3a和图3b揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构中连杆、接触桥和滑块的装配结构图。
图4揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与进线端、出线端和操作机构的装配结构图。
图5揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与进线端、出线端、操作机构和电磁操作机构的装配结构图。
图6a、6b和6c揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与电磁操作机构配合执行正常接通分断的原理图。
图7揭示了本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与操作机构配合执行除短路外的故障分断的原理图。
图8揭示了本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与操作机构配合执行短路故障分断的原理图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出一种电器开关的接通分断机构，连接到电器开关的回路中，包括：拉杆、触头支持件、连杆、接触桥和滑块。接触桥架设在滑块上，连杆转动连接到滑块，接触桥位于连杆和滑块之间，触头支持件为中空，内部具有限位孔，触头支持件架设在滑块和接触桥上，连杆容纳在触头支持件的限位孔中，拉杆连接到连杆。接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端连接，回路接通。操作触头支持件，使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路断开，或者，电动斥力斥开接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端，回路断开，触头支持件维持回路于断开位置。总体而言，本发明针对不同的分断情况由不同的部件执行分断。正常分断和非短路故障分断由触头支持件执行。短路分断首先由接触桥执行斥开，然后再由触头支持件执行锁定。通过不同的部件来满足机械强度、使用寿命和分断速度之间的平衡。
参考图1和图2所示，图1揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构的结构图，图2是该电器开关的接通分断机构的分解结构图。
如图所示，该电器开关的接通分断机构201包括：拉杆101、触头支持件102、连杆103、接触桥104和滑块105。
参考图3a和图3b所示，图3a和图3b揭示了连杆、接触桥和滑块的装配结构图，从中可见连杆103、接触桥104和滑块105的结构以及装配方式。滑块105在长度方向的两端和中部具有垫块151。在宽度方向的两侧，位于长度方向中间的位置具有支架152，支架152上形成轴孔153。接触桥104整体呈长条形，架设在滑块105上。滑块105上的垫块151对接触桥104形成支撑，位于两端和中部的垫块151分别支撑接触桥104的中部和两端。接触桥104的两端具有触点141。接触桥104的中部具有卡块142，卡块142的位置与滑块105上的支架152的位置相对应，卡块142与支架152配合使得接触桥104在滑块105上的位置相对固定。连杆103呈圆柱形，连杆103的底部具有横向延伸的连接轴131，连接轴131放置在轴孔153中，使得连杆103连接到滑块105上。连杆103能够通过连接轴131和轴孔153相对于滑块105转动。接触桥104位于连杆103和滑块105之间。连杆103能够通过连接轴131相对于滑块105转动，使得接触桥104具有一定的活动空间，这样位于接触桥104两端的触点能够与两侧的进线端和出线端的静触头都保持接触，避免出现由于接触桥偏斜导致的回路不通的问题。连杆103在其上部具有连接孔132。
触头支持件102是中空结构，具有大致长方体的外轮廓。触头支持件102具有限位孔，连杆103容纳于限位孔中。限位孔的形状和尺寸应当使得连杆103在其中的活动不受限制，能够自由上下移动或者在一定幅度内绕连接轴131转动。触头支持件102在朝向拉杆101一侧的侧壁上开有槽121，槽121使得拉杆101能够与连杆103连接并跟随移动。触头支持件102在底端的两侧，对应滑块105的支架152的位置形成开孔122和挡块 123。开孔122和挡块123卡接在连杆103的连接轴131上，并与连接轴131一起与支架152配合。开孔122和挡块123使得触头支持件102的安装位置基本被固定，与滑块105和接触桥104相对固定。触头支持件102的顶面上形成数个工作面，分别与操作机构202和电磁操作机构203配合，后面会详细描述。
拉杆101包括顶部的钩体111和下方的支脚112。顶部的钩体111与操作机构配合，后面会详细描述。下方的支脚112伸入到连杆103上部的连接孔132中。通过支脚112与连接孔132的连接，使得拉杆111会跟随连杆103上下移动。
在图1和图2所示的实施例中，是以适用于三相的电器开关的接通分断机构为例进行说明。因此触头支持件102、连杆103、接触桥104和滑块105的数量均为三个，每一个触头支持件102、连杆103、接触桥104和滑块105服务于一相。拉杆101的支脚112为三个，每一个支脚112与一个连杆103连接。由于三相是同步工作，因此钩体111只采用一个，三个支脚112通过横向连接杆连接到同一个钩体111。
本发明的接通分断机构201与操作机构202、电磁操作机构203、反力弹簧204配合，通过进线端205和出线端206接入到回路中，实现开关电器的回路的接通或分断。图4和图5揭示了接通分断机构201的装配结构图。其中图4揭示了接通分断机构与进线端、出线端和操作机构的装配结构图。图5揭示了接通分断机构与进线端、出线端、操作机构和电磁操作机构的装配结构图。
如图所示，进线端205和出线端206上分别具有静触头，静触头分别位于接触桥104的两端的触点上方。反力弹簧204安装在滑块105的下方，反力弹簧204向滑块105提供向上的力，使得接触桥104两端的触点分别与进线端205和出线端206上的静触头接触，进线端205和出线端206通过接触桥104连通。操作机构202和电磁操作机构203大体上安装在接通分断机构201的上方，操作机构202和电磁操作机构203作用于触头支 持件102，将触头支持件102向下压，带动接触桥104和滑块105克服反力弹簧204的弹簧力向下移动，使得接触桥104两端的触点与静触头分离，进线端205和出线端206断开。
图6a、6b和6c揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与电磁操作机构配合执行正常接通分断的原理图。电磁操作机构203用于实现正常接通分断。电磁操作机构203上具有能够上下摆动的压板231。压板231的前端对准触头支持件102顶部的第一工作面124。在接通状态，压板231摆动至上方，压板231的前端不与第一工作面124接触。触头支持件102不向下移动。反力弹簧204的作用使得接触桥104的触点与进线端205和出线端206的静触头接触，进线端205和出线端206保持电气连接。压板231摆动至下方，压板231的前端与第一工作面124接触，压板231作用于第一工作面124将触头支持件102向下压，触头支持件102向下移动，带动接触桥104和滑块105克服反力弹簧204的弹簧力向下移动，接触桥104上的触点与进线端205和出线端206的静触头分离，进线端205和出线端206的电气连接断开。
图7揭示了本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与操作机构配合执行除短路外的故障分断的原理图。操作机构202用于实现除短路外的故障分断。操作机构202上具有动作连杆222，动作连杆222对准触头支持件202顶部的第二工作面125。在没有故障发生时，操作机构202不动作，动作连杆222留在原位。当发生除短路外的故障时，操作机构202脱扣，动作连杆222向下移动，向下压住触头支持件102的第二工作面125，触头支持件102向下移动，带动接触桥104和滑块105克服反力弹簧204的弹簧力向下移动，接触桥104上的触点与进线端205和出线端206的静触头分离，进线端205和出线端206的电气连接断开。
在正常接通分断、发生除短路外的故障进行分断时，对于分断速度的要求不高。因此本发明的接通分断机构中上述两种分断通过触头支持件102实现，触头支持件102可以选择密度高、机械性能好的材料制作，并 且具备一定的体积和厚度来保证强度和受力能力，以提高接通分断机构的整体机械寿命。由于上述两种分断对于分断速度要求不高，因此体积较大，重量较重的触头支持件并不会影响整体电气性能。
图8揭示了本发明的一实施例的电器开关的接通分断机构与操作机构配合执行短路故障分断的原理图。在出现短路故障时，由于短路电流产生的电动斥力直接将接触桥上的触点与静触头斥开。在没有其他部件动作的情况下，电动斥力大于反力弹簧204的弹簧力，电动斥力会将接触桥104和滑块105向下压，使得进线端205和出线端206的电气连接断开。接触桥104向下移动后，带动连杆103一起向下移动，拉杆101的支脚112连接到连杆103，因此拉杆101随着连杆103一起向下移动。拉杆101向下后，钩体111会与操作机构202的杠杆221接触，将杠杆221向下拉使得操作机构202脱扣。操作机构202脱扣后动作连杆222向下移动，压在触头支持件102的第二工作面125上，在动作连杆222的作用下，触头支持件102也向下移动，压住接触桥104和滑块105，防止接触桥104弹回，使得进线端205和出线端206的电气连接被稳定地断开，分断回路。
在出现短路故障需要进行分断时，对分断速度有要求，希望尽快分断。本发明的接通分断机构在执行短路故障分断时，仅有接触桥104、滑块105、连杆103和拉杆101这几个部件动作，这几个部件体积小重量轻，能在电动斥力作用下迅速动作，快速实现分断。在电路分断后，电动斥力消失，为了防止反力弹簧204使得滑块105和接触桥104弹回重新接通回路，设计了拉杆101。拉杆101能够通过杠杆221使得操作机构202脱扣，进而通过动作连杆202使得触头支持件102下压，压住接触桥104和滑块105防止回弹，保证回路的可靠分断。
继续参考图8，为了防止拉杆101在正常接通分断时意外动作，拉杆101与杠杆221之间留有足够的距离。在电磁操作机构203的压板231上下摆动时，拉杆随连杆的移动距离较小，因此不会触碰到杠杆221引起操作机构脱扣。在出现短路故障时，电动斥力会将接触桥104斥开较大的距 离，因此拉杆101跟随连杆103移动较大的距离，接触到杠杆221，使得操作机构202脱扣。
本发明的电器开关的接通分断机构针对正常接通分断、非短路故障分断和短路故障分断由不同的部件执行，兼顾了机构的机械强度、使用寿命和分断速度，满足和可靠分断和较长使用寿命的要求。
上述实施例是提供给熟悉本领域内的人员来实现或使用本发明的，熟悉本领域的人员可在不脱离本发明的发明思想的情况下，对上述实施例做出种种修改或变化，因而本发明的保护范围并不被上述实施例所限，而应该是符合权利要求书提到的创新性特征的最大范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种电器开关的接通分断机构，连接到电器开关的回路中，其特征在于，包括：拉杆、触头支持件、连杆、接触桥和滑块；
    接触桥架设在滑块上，连杆转动连接到滑块，接触桥位于连杆和滑块之间，触头支持件为中空，触头支持件架设在滑块和接触桥上，连杆容纳在触头支持件中，拉杆连接到连杆；
    接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端连接，回路接通；
    操作触头支持件，使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路断开，或者，电动斥力斥开接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端，回路断开，触头支持件维持回路于断开位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的接通分断机构，其特征在于，
    反力弹簧连接到滑块，通过滑块使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端连接；
    电磁操作机构连接到触头支持件，电磁操作机构操作触头支持件，通过触头支持件使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，执行正常分断；
    操作机构连接到触头支持件，操作机构脱扣并操作触头支持件，通过触头支持件使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离并维持分离位置，执行非短路故障分断；
    电动斥力斥开接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端，回路断开，连杆通过拉杆带动操作机构脱扣，维持回路于断开位置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电器开关的接通分断机构，其特征在于，
    滑块在长度方向的两端和中部具有垫块，在宽度方向的两侧，位于长度方向中间的位置具有支架，支架上形成轴孔；
    接触桥架设在滑块上，滑块上的垫块对接触桥形成支撑，接触桥的两 端具有触点，接触桥的中部具有卡块，卡块的位置与滑块上的支架的位置相对应，卡块与支架配合使得接触桥在滑块上的位置相对固定；
    连杆的底部具有横向延伸的连接轴，连接轴放置在轴孔中，使得连杆连接到滑块上，连杆能够通过连接轴和轴孔相对于滑块转动。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电器开关的接通分断机构，其特征在于，
    连杆的上部具有连接孔；
    拉杆包括顶部的钩体和下方的支脚，钩体连接到操作机构，支脚伸入到连杆上部的连接孔中，拉杆会跟随连杆移动。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电器开关的接通分断机构，其特征在于，
    触头支持件上具有限位孔，连杆容纳在限位孔中，触头支持件在朝向拉杆一侧的侧壁上开有槽，槽使得拉杆与连杆连接并跟随拉杆移动，触头支持件在底端的两侧，对应滑块的支架的位置形成开孔和挡块，开孔和挡块卡接在连杆的连接轴上，并与连接轴一起与支架配合。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的电器开关的接通分断机构，其特征在于，所述触头支持件的顶面上具有数个工作面，分别与电磁操作机构或操作机构配合。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电器开关的接通分断机构，其特征在于，电磁操作机构具有上下摆动的压板，压板与触头支持件的第一工作面配合；
    压板向上，与第一工作面不接触，反力弹簧使得接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端连接，回路正常接通；
    压板向下，与第一工作面接触，触头支持件向下，推动接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路正常分断。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的电器开关的接通分断机构，其特征在于，操作机构具有动作连杆，动作连杆与触头支持件的第二工作面配合；
    操作机构不动作，动作连杆与第二工作面不接触；
    非短路故障下操作机构脱扣，动作连杆与第二工作面接触，触头支持件向下，推动接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端分离，回路非短路故障分断。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电器开关的接通分断机构，其特征在于，操作机构具有杠杆，杠杆与拉杆连接；
    短路故障下接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端斥开，拉杆带动杠杆，杠杆使得操作机构脱扣，操作机构的动作连杆与第二工作面接触，触头支持件向下，维持接触桥与回路的进线端和出线端于分离位置，回路短路故障分断。
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