WO2017110027A1 - 油井用高強度継目無鋼管およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
油井用高強度継目無鋼管およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017110027A1 WO2017110027A1 PCT/JP2016/004609 JP2016004609W WO2017110027A1 WO 2017110027 A1 WO2017110027 A1 WO 2017110027A1 JP 2016004609 W JP2016004609 W JP 2016004609W WO 2017110027 A1 WO2017110027 A1 WO 2017110027A1
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength seamless steel pipe suitable for use in oil well pipes and line pipes, and more particularly to improvement of resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSC resistance) in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment (sour environment). .
- SSC resistance sulfide stress corrosion cracking
- Patent Document 1 discloses a low alloy containing, by weight, C: 0.2 to 0.35%, Cr: 0.2 to 0.7%, Mo: 0.1 to 0.5%, and V: 0.1 to 0.3%.
- a method for producing oil well steel in which steel is tempered at 650 ° C. or more and Ac 1 transformation point after quenching at or above A 3 transformation point.
- the total amount of precipitated carbide can be adjusted to 2 to 5% by weight, and the proportion of MC type carbide in the total amount of carbide can be adjusted to 8 to 40% by weight. It is said that oil well steel having excellent resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking can be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a low alloy containing, by mass, C: 0.15 to 0.3%, Cr: 0.2 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 1%, V: 0.05 to 0.3%, and Nb: 0.003 to 0.1%.
- the hot working is finished at 1000 ° C or higher and subsequently quenched from 900 ° C or higher, then tempered at 550 ° C or higher and below the Ac 1 transformation point, and further 850-1000 ° C.
- the total amount of precipitated carbide is 1.5 to 4% by mass, and the proportion of MC type carbide in the total amount of carbide is 5 to 45% by mass.
- M 23 C 6 type carbide This ratio can be adjusted to 200 / t (t: wall thickness (mm)) mass% or less, and it is said that the oil well steel is excellent in toughness and resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking.
- Patent Document 3 by mass, C: 0.15 to 0.30%, Si: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.10 to 1.0%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.1 to 1.5 %, Mo: 0.1 to 1.0%, Al: 0.003 to 0.08%, N: 0.008% or less, B: 0.0005 to 0.010%, Ca + O (oxygen): 0.008% or less, Ti: 0.005 to 0.05%, Nb: Containing one or more of 0.05% or less, Zr: 0.05% or less, V: 0.30% or less, the maximum length of continuous non-metallic inclusions by cross-sectional observation is 80 ⁇ m or less, non-metal by cross-sectional observation Oil well steels in which the number of inclusions having a particle size of 20 ⁇ m or more is 10/100 mm 2 or less have been proposed. Thereby, it is said that a low alloy steel material for oil wells having high strength required for oil wells and excellent SSC resistance
- Patent Document 4 in mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.35%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.05 to 0.6%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.100 %, Mo: 0.8 to 3.0%, V: 0.05 to 0.25%, B: 0.0001 to 0.005%, N: 0.01% or less, O: 0.01% or less and sulfide stress corrosion resistance satisfying 12V + 1-Mo ⁇ 0 Low alloy oil well pipe steels with excellent cracking properties have been proposed.
- Cr 0.6% or less may be contained by mass% so as to satisfy Mo ⁇ (Cr + Mn) ⁇ 0, and Nb: 0.1 % Or less, Ti: 0.1% or less, Zr: 0.1% or less may be contained, and Ca: 0.01% or less may be contained.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 alone is a high-strength seamless that exceeds YS: 125 ksi (862 MPa) class. It cannot be said that it is sufficient as a technique for improving the SSC resistance of steel pipes to characteristics sufficient for oil wells used in severe corrosive environments. Moreover, it is very important to stably adjust the type and amount of carbides described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 and the shape and number of non-metallic inclusions described in Patent Document 3 within a desired range. There is also the problem that it is difficult.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to provide a high-strength seamless steel pipe for oil wells excellent in sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance and a method for producing the same.
- “high strength” here refers to the case where the yield strength YS is 125 ksi (862 MPa) or more.
- the yield strength YS is preferably 140 ksi (965 MPa) or less.
- excellent in resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking refers to the test method specified in NACE TM0177 Method A, which saturates 10 kPa hydrogen sulfide and adjusts the pH to 3.5. A constant load test was conducted in an acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution (liquid temperature: 24 ° C) containing a mass% saline solution, exceeding 720h (hours) with a stress of 90% of the yield strength of the material under test. It shall be the case where cracking does not occur.
- Nitride inclusions with a particle size of 4 ⁇ m or more and oxide inclusions with a particle size of 4 ⁇ m or more are the starting points of sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSC). The larger the size, the more likely SSC is generated. I found out.
- Nitride inclusions having a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m do not become the starting point of SSC even if they are present alone, but if they become a large number, they will adversely affect SSC resistance, and less than 4 ⁇ m It has been found that a large number of oxide inclusions adversely affects SSC resistance.
- the inventors reduced the number of nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions to an appropriate number or less depending on the size. I came up with the need to adjust.
- the amount of N and O in the production of steel pipe materials, especially during the melting and casting of molten steel, etc. It is important to control so that the value falls within the desired range. Furthermore, it is important to manage manufacturing conditions in the steel refining process and the continuous casting process.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings and further studies. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) By mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.50%, Si: 0.05 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.5%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.1%, N: 0.006 %: Cr: 0.1-2.5%, Mo: 0.1-1.0%, V: 0.03-0.3%, Nb: 0.001-0.030%, B: 0.0003-0.0030%, O (oxygen): 0.0030% or less, Ti: 0.003 Containing 0.0 to 25%, and containing Ti and N so as to satisfy Ti / N: 2.0 to 5.5, and having a composition consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, Tempered martensite is 95% or more in volume ratio, old austenite grains are 8.5 or more in grain size number, and 100 inclusions per 100 mm 2 with a grain size of 4 ⁇ m or more in the cross
- a method for producing a high-strength seamless steel pipe for oil wells that is tempered by heating to a temperature.
- the steel is reheated to a temperature in the range of Ac 3 transformation point to 1000 ° C. and rapidly cooled to a temperature of 200 ° C. or less at the surface temperature.
- a method for producing a high-strength seamless steel pipe for oil wells that is subjected to quenching treatment at least once.
- a high strength seamless steel pipe for oil wells having a high yield strength YS: 125 ksi (862 MPa) or more and excellent sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance can be easily and inexpensively manufactured. There are remarkable effects in the industry.
- by containing an appropriate amount of an appropriate alloy element and suppressing the formation of nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions desired high strength for oil wells and excellent SSC resistance can be obtained.
- the high-strength seamless steel pipe to hold can be manufactured stably.
- the high-strength seamless steel pipe for oil wells of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as high-strength seamless steel pipe) is in mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.50%, Si: 0.05 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.5%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Al: 0.005-0.1%, N: 0.006% or less, Cr: 0.1-2.5%, Mo: 0.1-1.0%, V: 0.03-0.3%, Nb: 0.001- Contains 0.030%, B: 0.0003-0.0030%, O (oxygen): 0.0030% or less, Ti: 0.003-0.025%, and contains Ti and N so as to satisfy Ti / N: 2.0-5.5, and the balance It has a composition consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, tempered martensite is 95% or more by volume, old austenite grains are 8.5 or more in grain size number, and grain size is 4 ⁇ m or more in a cross section perpendic
- nitride inclusions are 100 per 100 mm 2 or less, the particle size is nitride inclusions of less than 4 ⁇ m is 100 mm 2 per 700 or less, 60 is per 100 mm 2 particle size oxide inclusions of more than 4 ⁇ m Below, particle size Oxide inclusions of less than 4 ⁇ m has a tissue is less than 500 per 100 mm 2, yield strength YS: is 862MPa or more.
- C 0.20 to 0.50% C dissolves and contributes to increasing the strength of the steel, improves the hardenability of the steel, and contributes to the formation of a structure whose main phase is the martensite phase during quenching. In order to obtain such an effect, the content of 0.20% or more is required. On the other hand, if the content of C exceeds 0.50%, cracking occurs during quenching, and the productivity is significantly reduced. Therefore, the C content is in the range of 0.20 to 0.50%.
- the C content is 0.20% or more. More preferably, the C content is 0.24% or more.
- the C content is 0.35% or less. More preferably, the C content is 0.32% or less.
- Si 0.05 to 0.40%
- Si is an element that acts as a deoxidizer, has a function of increasing the strength of the steel by solid solution in the steel, and further suppressing softening during tempering. In order to acquire such an effect, it is necessary to contain Si 0.05% or more.
- a large amount of Si exceeding 0.40% promotes the formation of a ferrite phase that is a softening phase, inhibits the desired high strength, and further promotes the formation of coarse oxide inclusions, Reduces SSC resistance and toughness.
- Si is an element that segregates and locally hardens the steel, and the inclusion of a large amount of Si exceeding 0.40% has a bad effect of forming a locally hardened region and lowering the SSC resistance.
- the Si content is in the range of 0.05 to 0.40%.
- the Si content is 0.05 to 0.33%. More preferably, the Si content is 0.24% or more. More preferably, the Si content is 0.30% or less.
- Mn 0.1-1.5%
- Mn is an element that improves the hardenability of steel and contributes to an increase in steel strength. In order to acquire such an effect, Mn needs to contain 0.1% or more.
- Mn is an element that segregates and locally hardens the steel, and the inclusion of a large amount of Mn has an adverse effect of forming a local hardening region and lowering the SSC resistance. Therefore, in the present invention, the Mn content is in the range of 0.1 to 1.5%.
- the Mn content is greater than 0.3%. More preferably, the Mn content is 0.5% or more.
- the Mn content is 1.2% or less. More preferably, the Mn content is 0.8% or less.
- P 0.015% or less
- P is an element that not only segregates at grain boundaries to cause grain boundary embrittlement but also segregates and locally hardens steel.
- P is an inevitable impurity as much as possible. It is preferable to reduce it, but up to 0.015% is acceptable. Therefore, the P content is 0.015% or less. Preferably, the P content is 0.012% or less.
- S 0.005% or less
- S is an unavoidable impurity, most of which is present as sulfide inclusions in steel, and lowers ductility, toughness and SSC resistance. Up to 0.005% is acceptable. For this reason, S content shall be 0.005% or less. Preferably, the S content is 0.003% or less.
- Al acts as a deoxidizer and combines with N to form AlN, contributing to the refinement of austenite grains during heating.
- Al fixes N and prevents solute B from binding to N, thereby suppressing the reduction of the effect of improving the hardenability of B.
- Al needs to contain 0.005% or more.
- the content of Al exceeding 0.1% causes an increase in oxide inclusions, lowers the cleanliness of the steel, and leads to a decrease in ductility, toughness and SSC resistance. Therefore, the Al content is in the range of 0.005 to 0.1%.
- the Al content is 0.01% or more. More preferably, the Al content is 0.02% or more.
- the Al content is 0.08% or less. More preferably, the Al content is 0.05% or less.
- N 0.006% or less
- N is present in steel as an unavoidable impurity, but it combines with Al to form AlN, and also combines with Ti to form TiN to refine crystal grains and improve toughness. Has the effect of improving.
- the formed nitride here, the nitride is a precipitate that precipitates in the heat treatment process and an inclusion that crystallizes in the solidification stage
- N content shall be 0.006% or less.
- Cr 0.1-2.5%
- Cr is an element that increases the strength of steel through the improvement of hardenability and improves the corrosion resistance. Moreover, Cr improves hardenability and makes it possible to obtain a hardened structure even in a thick material. Furthermore, it is an element that combines with C during tempering treatment to form carbides such as M 3 C, M 7 C 3 , and M 23 C 6 (M is a metal element), thereby improving temper softening resistance. In order to obtain such an effect, it is necessary to contain 0.1% or more of Cr. Preferably, the Cr content is greater than 0.6%. More preferably, the Cr content is more than 0.7%.
- the Cr content exceeds 2.5%, a large amount of M 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 is formed, which acts as a hydrogen trap site and lowers the SSC resistance. Moreover, when content is excessive, intensity
- Mo 0.1-1.0%
- Mo is an element that forms carbides and contributes to strengthening of the steel by precipitation strengthening, and contributes effectively to securing a desired high strength after reducing the dislocation density by tempering.
- SSC resistance is improved by reducing the dislocation density.
- Mo dissolves in the steel and segregates at the prior austenite grain boundaries, contributing to the improvement of SSC resistance.
- Mo has an action of densifying the corrosion product and further suppressing the generation and growth of pits that are the starting points of cracks. In order to obtain such an effect, the Mo content needs to be 0.1% or more. On the other hand, if the Mo content exceeds 1.0%, the effect on strength increase is saturated, and an effect commensurate with the content cannot be expected, which is economically disadvantageous.
- the Mo content is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0%.
- the Mo content is 0.3% or more.
- the Mo content is 0.9% or less. More preferably, the Mo content is 0.7% or less.
- V 0.03-0.3%
- V is an element that forms carbides and carbonitrides and contributes to the strengthening of steel. In order to acquire such an effect, V needs to contain 0.03% or more. On the other hand, even if it contains V exceeding 0.3%, the effect is saturated and an effect commensurate with the content cannot be expected, which is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, the V content is in the range of 0.03 to 0.3%. Preferably, the V content is 0.05% or more. Preferably, the V content is 0.25% or less.
- Nb 0.001 to 0.030%
- Nb forms carbides and / or carbonitrides and contributes to increasing the strength of steel by precipitation strengthening, and also contributes to refinement of prior austenite grains. In order to acquire such an effect, Nb needs to contain 0.001% or more.
- Nb precipitates tend to be a propagation path for SSC (sulfide stress corrosion cracking), and the presence of a large amount of Nb precipitates based on a large amount of Nb content exceeding 0.030% is particularly high in yield strength of 125 ksi or more. In steel, this leads to a significant decrease in SSC resistance.
- the Nb content is set to 0.001 to 0.030% from the viewpoint of achieving both desired high strength and excellent SSC resistance.
- the Nb content is 0.001% or more and 0.02% or less. More preferably, the Nb content is less than 0.01%.
- B 0.0003 to 0.0030% B segregates at the austenite grain boundaries and suppresses the ferrite transformation from the grain boundaries, thereby having the effect of enhancing the hardenability of the steel even when contained in a small amount.
- B needs to contain 0.0003% or more.
- the B content is in the range of 0.0003 to 0.0030%.
- the B content is 0.0007% or more.
- the B content is 0.0025% or less.
- O (oxygen) 0.0030% or less
- O (oxygen) exists as an oxide inclusion in steel as an inevitable impurity. Since these inclusions become the starting point of SSC generation and reduce SSC resistance, in the present invention, it is preferable to reduce O (oxygen) as much as possible. However, excessive reduction leads to higher refining costs, so up to 0.0030% is acceptable. For this reason, the O (oxygen) content is 0.0030% or less. Preferably, the O content is 0.0020% or less.
- Ti 0.003-0.025%
- Ti combines with N during solidification of the molten steel and precipitates as fine TiN, which contributes to refinement of prior austenite grains by its pinning effect.
- Ti needs to contain 0.003% or more.
- Ti is contained in an amount of less than 0.003%, the effect is small.
- Ti is contained in excess of 0.025%, TiN becomes coarse and the above-described pinning effect cannot be exhibited, but the toughness is reduced.
- the coarser TiN causes the SSC resistance to decrease.
- the Ti content should be in the range of 0.003 to 0.025%.
- Ti / N 2.0-5.5 If Ti / N is less than 2.0, the fixation of N is insufficient, BN is formed, and the effect of improving hardenability by B decreases. On the other hand, when Ti / N is larger than 5.5, the tendency of TiN to become coarse becomes remarkable, and toughness and SSC resistance are lowered. For this reason, Ti / N is in the range of 2.0 to 5.5. Preferably, Ti / N is 2.5 or more. Preferably, Ti / N is 4.5 or less.
- the balance other than the above components is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- unavoidable impurities Mg: 0.0008% or less, Co: 0.05% or less are acceptable.
- the above-mentioned components are basic components.
- one or two elements selected from Cu: 1.0% or less, Ni: 1.0% or less, and W: 3.0% or less are further selected as the selective elements. More than seeds and / or Ca: 0.0005-0.0050%.
- Cu is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of steel and has the effect of improving toughness and corrosion resistance. In particular, it is an extremely effective element for improving SSC resistance in severe corrosive environments.
- a dense corrosion product is formed and the corrosion resistance is improved, and further, the generation and growth of pits as the starting point of cracking are suppressed.
- the Cu content is preferably limited to 1.0% or less.
- Ni is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of steel and further improves toughness and corrosion resistance. In order to acquire such an effect, it is desirable to contain Ni 0.03% or more. On the other hand, even if Ni is contained in an amount exceeding 1.0%, the effect is saturated, and an effect commensurate with the content cannot be expected, which is disadvantageous for economic efficiency. For this reason, when it contains Ni, it is preferable to limit Ni content to 1.0% or less.
- W is an element that forms carbides and contributes to increasing the strength of the steel by precipitation strengthening, and also dissolves and segregates at the prior austenite grain boundaries to contribute to the improvement of SSC resistance.
- W preferably contains 0.03% or more.
- W content it is preferable to limit W content to 3.0% or less.
- Ca 0.0005 to 0.0050%
- Ca is an element that combines with S to form CaS and effectively acts to control the morphology of sulfide inclusions, and to improve toughness and SSC resistance through the morphology control of sulfide inclusions. Contribute. In order to acquire such an effect, Ca needs to contain 0.0005% or more. On the other hand, even if Ca is contained in excess of 0.0050%, the effect is saturated and an effect commensurate with the content cannot be expected, which is disadvantageous in terms of economy. For this reason, when Ca is contained, the Ca content is preferably limited to a range of 0.0005 to 0.0050%.
- the high-strength seamless steel pipe of the present invention has the above-described composition, and further has a volume ratio of 95% or more with tempered martensite as the main phase, the prior austenite grains have a particle size number of 8.5 or more, and in the rolling direction.
- particle size 4 ⁇ m or more nitride inclusions 100 mm 2 per 100 or less the particle size is nitride inclusions of less than 4 ⁇ m is 100 mm 2 per 700 or less
- the particle size has a tissue oxide inclusions of less than 4 ⁇ m is less than 500 per 100 mm 2.
- Tempered martensite phase 95% or more
- the main phase is a tempered martensite phase tempered.
- the term “main phase” as used herein refers to a phase in which the phase is a single phase having a volume ratio of 100%, or the phase containing the second phase is 5% or less in a range that does not affect the characteristics. Is the case where the ratio is 95% or more.
- examples of the second phase include a bainite phase, a retained austenite phase, pearlite, or a mixed phase thereof.
- the above-mentioned structure in the high-strength seamless steel pipe of the present invention can be adjusted by appropriately selecting the cooling rate at the time of cooling according to the components of the steel, and further the heating temperature at the time of quenching treatment is set. Adjustment can also be made by appropriate selection.
- Particle size number of prior austenite grains 8.5 or more If the particle size number of prior austenite grains is less than 8.5, the substructure of the martensite phase produced becomes coarse and SSC resistance decreases. For this reason, the particle size number of prior austenite grains is limited to 8.5 or more. As the particle number, a value measured in accordance with JIS G 0551 is used.
- the particle size number of the prior austenite grains can be adjusted by changing the heating rate, heating temperature, holding temperature, and number of times of quenching during the quenching process.
- the number of nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions is adjusted within an appropriate range in accordance with the size in order to improve SSC resistance.
- the nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions are identified by automatic detection using a scanning electron microscope.
- the nitride inclusions are mainly composed of Ti and Nb, and oxide inclusions. Is composed mainly of Al, Ca and Mg.
- the number of inclusions is a value measured in a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel pipe (cross section perpendicular to the pipe axis direction: C cross section).
- the particle size of each inclusion is used as the size of the inclusion.
- the particle size of the inclusion is obtained by obtaining the area of the inclusion particle and calculating the equivalent circle diameter to obtain the particle size of the inclusion particle.
- Nitride inclusions with a grain size of 4 ⁇ m or more 100 or less per 100 mm 2
- Nitride inclusions are the origin of SSC in high-strength steel pipes with a yield strength of 125 ksi or more, and the size is as large as 4 ⁇ m or more. The worse, the worse it is. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce the number of nitride inclusions having a particle size of 4 ⁇ m or more as much as possible, but if the number is 100 or less per 100 mm 2 , an adverse effect on SSC resistance can be tolerated. For this reason, the number of nitride inclusions having a particle size of 4 ⁇ m or more is limited to 100 or less per 100 mm 2 . The number is preferably 84 or less.
- Nitride inclusions with a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m 700 or less per 100 mm 2
- Fine nitride inclusions with a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m are not the origin of SSC even if they exist alone, but yield strength
- the number of high-strength steel pipes of 125 ksi class or higher increases, and if the number exceeds 700 per 100 mm 2 , the adverse effect on SSC resistance becomes unacceptable. For this reason, the number of nitride inclusions having a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m is limited to 700 or less per 100 mm 2 .
- the number is preferably 600 or less.
- Oxide inclusions with a grain size of 4 ⁇ m or more 60 or less per 100 mm 2
- High strength steel pipe is the starting point of SSC, and its size is 4 ⁇ m or more
- the number is 60 or less per 100 mm 2 , an adverse effect on SSC resistance is acceptable. For this reason, the number of oxide inclusions having a particle size of 4 ⁇ m or more is limited to 60 or less per 100 mm 2 .
- the number is preferably 40 or less.
- Oxide inclusions with a grain size of less than 4 ⁇ m 500 or less per 100 mm 2
- Oxide inclusions are the origin of SSC even if the grain size is less than 4 ⁇ m for high strength steels with a yield strength of 125 ksi or higher.
- the adverse effect on SSC resistance increases. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the oxide inclusions having a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m as much as possible, but it is acceptable if the number is 500 or less per 100 mm 2 . For this reason, the number of oxide inclusions having a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m is limited to 500 or less per 100 mm 2 .
- the number is preferably 400 or less.
- the ladle from the ladle to the tundish is reduced so that the number of nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions is less than the number per unit area described above.
- sealing with an inert gas is performed, and electromagnetic stirring is performed in the mold to achieve floating separation of inclusions.
- the steel pipe material having the above composition is heated and hot-worked to obtain a seamless steel pipe having a predetermined shape.
- the steel pipe material used in the present invention is prepared by melting molten steel having the above composition by a conventional melting method such as a converter, and by a conventional casting method such as a continuous casting method. It is preferable to do.
- the slab may be further hot-rolled to obtain a round steel piece having a predetermined shape, or a round steel piece that has undergone ingot-bundling rolling.
- the number of nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions is reduced so as to be equal to or less than the above number per unit area. To do. For this reason, it is necessary to reduce the steel pipe material (slab or steel slab) as much as possible within the ranges of N (nitrogen): 0.006% or less and O (oxygen): 0.0030% or less.
- the heat stirring and refining treatment has a treatment time of 30 min or more, and the RH vacuum degassing treatment has a treatment time of 20 min or more.
- the ladle from the ladle to the tundish is reduced so that the number of nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions is less than the number per unit area described above.
- the slab (steel pipe material) having the above composition is heated to a heating temperature of 1050 to 1350 ° C. and hot-worked to obtain a seamless steel pipe having a predetermined size.
- Heating temperature 1050-1350 ° C
- the heating temperature is less than 1050 ° C.
- the dissolution of carbides in the steel pipe material becomes insufficient.
- the heating temperature is higher than 1350 ° C.
- the crystal grains are coarsened, precipitates such as TiN precipitated during solidification are coarsened, and cementite is coarsened, so that the toughness is lowered.
- a high temperature exceeding 1350 ° C. is not preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving because the scale of the slab surface is formed thick and causes surface flaws during rolling and increases energy loss.
- the heating temperature is limited to a temperature in the range of 1050 to 1350 ° C.
- it is 1100 ° C or higher.
- the heating temperature is 1300 ° C. or lower.
- the heated steel pipe material is then subjected to hot working (pipemaking) using a Mannesmann-plug mill type or Mannesmann-mandrel type hot rolling mill to obtain a seamless steel pipe having a predetermined dimension.
- a Mannesmann-plug mill type or Mannesmann-mandrel type hot rolling mill to obtain a seamless steel pipe having a predetermined dimension.
- it is good also as a seamless steel pipe by the hot extrusion by a press system.
- the obtained seamless steel pipe is subjected to a cooling process of cooling at a cooling rate of air cooling or higher until the surface temperature becomes 200 ° C. or lower after the hot working is finished.
- Cooling treatment after completion of hot working cooling rate; air cooling or higher, cooling stop temperature: 200 ° C. or lower
- cooling rate higher than air cooling after hot working
- the martensite phase becomes the main phase.
- the transformation may not be completely completed. Therefore, in the cooling process after hot working, cooling is performed at a cooling rate equal to or higher than air cooling until the surface temperature becomes 200 ° C. or lower.
- the “cooling rate higher than air cooling” refers to 0.1 ° C./s or higher. When the cooling rate is less than 0.1 ° C./s, the metal structure after cooling becomes non-uniform, and the metal structure after the subsequent heat treatment becomes non-uniform.
- ⁇ Temperature treatment is performed after cooling at a cooling rate higher than air cooling.
- the tempering process is a process of heating to a temperature in the range of 600 to 740 ° C.
- Tempering temperature 600-740 °C
- the tempering treatment is performed for the purpose of reducing dislocation density and improving toughness and SSC resistance. If the tempering temperature is less than 600 ° C., the reduction of dislocations is insufficient, so that excellent SSC resistance cannot be secured. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 740 ° C., the tissue is remarkably softened and the desired high strength cannot be ensured. For this reason, the tempering temperature is limited to a temperature in the range of 600 to 740 ° C.
- the tempering temperature is 660 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is 670 ° C or higher.
- the tempering temperature is 740 ° C. or lower. More preferably, the tempering temperature is 710 ° C. or lower.
- Reheating temperature for quenching treatment Ac 3 transformation point or more and 1000 ° C or less If the reheating temperature is less than the Ac 3 transformation point, the austenite single phase region is not heated, so a structure with the martensite phase as the main phase is obtained. Absent. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., in addition to coarsening of crystal grains and lowering toughness, there are adverse effects such as thickening of the surface oxide scale, easy peeling and causing wrinkling on the surface of the steel sheet. Furthermore, the load on the heat treatment furnace becomes excessive, which causes a problem from the viewpoint of energy saving. For these reasons and from the viewpoint of energy saving, the reheating temperature for quenching is limited to the Ac 3 transformation point or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower. Preferably it is 950 degrees C or less.
- quenching is performed.
- the quenching process may be repeated twice or more.
- a tempering process may be performed to correct a defective shape of the steel pipe in a warm or cold manner as necessary.
- the hot metal discharged from the blast furnace is desulfurized and dephosphorized in the hot metal pretreatment, decarburized and dephosphorized in the converter, and as shown in Tables 2 and 3, the processing time is 60 min.
- Treatment (LF) and RH vacuum degassing treatment with a reflux rate of 120 ton / min and treatment time of 10 to 40 min to obtain molten steel having the composition shown in Table 1, and cast slabs (round slab: 190 mm ⁇ ) ).
- tundish Ar gas shielding is implemented, and for other than Z steel, AA steel, AH steel and AI steel, electromagnetic stirring is performed in the mold. Carried out.
- the obtained slab was charged as a steel pipe material into a heating furnace, heated to the heating temperatures shown in Tables 2 and 3, and held (holding time: 2 h).
- the heated steel pipe material was subjected to hot working using a Mannesmann-plug mill type hot rolling mill to obtain a seamless steel pipe (outer diameter 178 to 229 mm ⁇ ⁇ thickness 12 to 32 mm).
- it air-cooled and the quenching tempering process was performed on the conditions shown in Table 2 and Table 3. In some cases, after hot working, it was cooled with water, and then tempered or quenched and tempered.
- Specimens were collected from the obtained seamless steel pipe and subjected to structure observation, tensile test and sulfide stress corrosion cracking test.
- the test method was as follows. (1) Microstructure observation From the obtained seamless steel pipe, a specimen for microstructural observation was taken from the inner side 1/4 t position (t: pipe thickness), and the cross section (C cross section) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pipe was polished. Corrosion (Nital (nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution) corrosion) reveals the tissue, and the tissue is revealed using an optical microscope (magnification: 1000 times) and a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2000 to 3000 times). Observed and imaged at 4 or more fields of view. Based on the obtained tissue photographs, the identification of phases constituting the phases and the tissue fractions of these phases were calculated by image analysis.
- the prior austenite ( ⁇ ) particle size was measured using a structure observation specimen.
- the cross section (C cross section) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube of the tissue observation specimen is polished and corroded (picral solution (picral (picral acid-ethanol mixed solution)) to reveal the old ⁇ grain boundary, and an optical microscope. (Magnification: 1000 times) was observed, and the field of view was imaged at 3 or more locations.
- tissue photograph the particle size number of the old (gamma) grain was calculated
- the number of particles identified as inclusions was obtained, the area of each particle was obtained, and the equivalent circle diameter was calculated to obtain the particle size of the inclusions. Then, the number density (inclusions / 100 mm 2 ) of inclusions having a particle size of 4 ⁇ m or more and inclusions having a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m was calculated. Inclusions whose long sides were less than 2 ⁇ m were not analyzed.
- a sulfide stress corrosion cracking test was performed in accordance with the test method specified in NACE TM TM0177 Method A.
- the above-mentioned tensile test piece was tested using the test solution (acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution containing 5.0 mass% saline solution saturated with 10 kPa of hydrogen sulfide and adjusted to pH 3.5 (liquid temperature: 24 ° C. )
- a stress load of 85% of the actual yield strength YS obtained by the tensile test was applied (90% of the stress strength YS was also applied to steel pipe No. 10).
- All the examples of the present invention are seamless steel pipes having both high strength of yield strength YS: 862 MPa and excellent SSC resistance.
- the steel pipes of the examples of the present invention can all have a yield strength of YS: 965 MPa or less.
- the yield strength YS is lowered and the desired high strength cannot be secured, or the SSC resistance is lowered.
- Steel pipe No. 31 and steel pipe No. 32 (steel No. M and steel No. N in Table 1) whose C is less than the lower limit of the scope of the present invention cannot secure desired high strength. Therefore, the SSC resistance test was not performed (Table 5).
- Steel pipe No. 33 and steel pipe No. 34 (steel No. O and steel No. P in Table 1) with C exceeding the upper limit of the scope of the present invention have high strength at the tempering temperature within the scope of the present invention.
- the SSC resistance is reduced (Table 5).
- Steel pipe No. 35 and steel pipe No. 36 (steel No. Q and steel No. R in Table 1) in which Mo is less than the lower limit of the scope of the present invention have reduced SSC resistance (Table 5). .
- Steel pipe No. 37 (steel No. S in Table 1) in which Cr exceeded the upper limit of the range of the present invention has reduced SSC resistance (Table 5).
- Steel pipe No. 38 and steel pipe No. 39 (steel No. T and steel No. U in Table 1), in which Nb deviated from the scope of the present invention, had a number of inclusions outside the scope of the present invention.
- SSC property is reduced (Table 5).
- Steel pipe Nos. 40 to 43 (steel Nos. V to Y in Table 1) with Ti / N outside the scope of the present invention have the number of nitride inclusions and oxide inclusions within the scope of the present invention.
- the SSC resistance is reduced in all cases (Table 5).
- Steel pipe No. 44 and steel pipe No. 45 (steel No. Z and steel No. AA in Table 1) containing O (oxygen) exceeding the upper limit of the scope of the present invention are the number of oxide inclusions. However, it is outside the scope of the present invention, and the SSC resistance is reduced (Table 5).
- Steel pipe No. 46 and steel pipe No. 47 (steel No. AB and steel No. AC in Table 1) containing Ti exceeding the upper limit of the scope of the present invention have reduced SSC resistance (Table 5).
- Steel pipe No. 48 and steel pipe No. 49 (steel No. AD and steel No. AE in Table 1) containing both N and O (oxygen) exceeding the upper limit of the scope of the present invention are oxide-based. The number of inclusions is outside the scope of the present invention, and the SSC resistance is reduced (Table 5).
- the steel pipe No. 59 (steel No. AJ in Table 1) containing Cu exceeding the upper limit of the range of the present invention has reduced SSC resistance (Table 5).
- the steel pipe No. 2 in Table 4 (steel No. A in Table 1) having a Cr content of 0.6% by mass or more has a Cr content of less than 0.6% by mass.
- steel pipe No. 54 in Table 5 (steel No. B in Table 1)
- others are manufactured under the same conditions, but hardenability is stable and martensite may be 95% or more by volume.
- a thick steel pipe having a wall thickness of 32 mm can be obtained.
- Steel pipe No. 9 in Table 4 (Cr. No. C in Table 1) having a Cr content of 0.6% by mass or more has Steel pipe No. 55 (Table 1 in Table 1) having a Cr content of less than 0.6% by mass.
- the others are manufactured under the same conditions, but the hardenability is stable, the martensite can be 95% or more by volume, and the wall thickness is 32 mm.
- a steel pipe can be obtained.
- the steel pipe No. 50 in Table 5 (steel No. AF in Table 1) having a Cr content of 0.6% by mass or more is the steel pipe No. 58 in Table 5 (Table 1 having a Cr content of less than 0.6% by mass).
- the others are manufactured under the same conditions, but the hardenability is stable, the martensite can be 95% or more by volume, and the wall thickness is 32 mm.
- a steel pipe can be obtained.
- Steel pipe No. 19 in Table 4 (Steel No. G in Table 1) with a Cr content of 0.6% by mass or more is Steel Pipe No. 56 in Table 5 (Table 1 with a Cr content of less than 0.6% by mass).
- Steel pipe No. 29 in Table 5 (Cr. No.
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Abstract
Description
(1)質量%で、C:0.20~0.50%、Si:0.05~0.40%、Mn:0.1~1.5%、P:0.015%以下、S :0.005%以下、Al:0.005~0.1%、N:0.006%以下、Cr:0.1~2.5%、Mo:0.1~1.0%、V:0.03~0.3%、Nb:0.001~0.030%、B :0.0003~0.0030%、O(酸素):0.0030%以下、Ti:0.003~0.025%、を含み、かつTi、NをTi/N:2.0~5.5を満足するように含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、
焼戻マルテンサイトを体積率で95%以上とし、旧オーステナイト粒が粒度番号で8.5以上であり、圧延方向に垂直な断面において、粒径が4μm以上の窒化物系介在物が100mm2あたり100個以下、粒径が4μm未満の窒化物系介在物が100mm2あたり700個以下、粒径が4μm以上の酸化物系介在物が100mm2あたり60個以下、粒径が4μm未満の酸化物系介在物が100mm2あたり500個以下である組織を有し、降伏強さYS:862MPa以上である油井用高強度継目無鋼管。
(2)(1)において、前記組成に加えてさらに、質量%で、Cu:1.0%以下、Ni:1.0%以下、W:3.0%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有する油井用高強度継目無鋼管。
(3)(1)または(2)において、前記組成に加えてさらに、質量%で、Ca:0.0005~0.0050%を含有する油井用高強度継目無鋼管。
(4)(1)ないし(3)のいずれかに記載の油井用高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法であり、鋼管素材を、加熱温度:1050~1350℃の範囲の温度で加熱し、熱間加工を施して所定形状の継目無鋼管とし、前記熱間加工後に、前記継目無鋼管に空冷以上の冷却速度で表面温度が200℃以下となる温度まで冷却を施し、600~740℃の範囲の温度に加熱する焼戻処理を施す油井用高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法。
(5)(4)において、前記冷却後で、前記焼戻処理の前に、Ac3変態点以上1000℃以下の範囲の温度に再加熱し、表面温度で200℃以下となる温度まで急冷する焼入れ処理を1回以上施す油井用高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法。
Cは、固溶して鋼の強度増加に寄与するとともに、鋼の焼入性を向上させ、焼入れ時にマルテンサイト相を主相とする組織の形成に寄与する。このような効果を得るためには、0.20%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、Cの0.50%を超える含有は、焼入れ時に割れを発生させ、製造性を著しく低下させる。このため、C含有量は0.20~0.50%の範囲とする。好ましくは、C含有量は0.20%以上である。より好ましくは、C含有量は0.24%以上である。好ましくは、C含有量は0.35%以下である。より好ましくは、C含有量は0.32%以下である。
Siは、脱酸剤として作用するとともに、鋼中に固溶して鋼の強度を増加させ、さらに焼戻時の軟化を抑制する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、Siは0.05%以上含有する必要がある。一方、Siの0.40%を超える多量の含有は、軟化相であるフェライト相の生成を促進し、所望の高強度化を阻害したり、さらに粗大な酸化物系介在物の形成を促進して、耐SSC性や靭性を低下させたりする。また、Siは偏析して局部的に鋼を硬化させる元素であり、0.40%を超える多量のSiの含有は、局部的硬化領域を形成し、耐SSC性を低下させるという悪影響をおよぼす。このようなことから、本発明では、Si含有量は0.05~0.40%の範囲とする。好ましくは、Si含有量は0.05~0.33%である。より好ましくは、Si含有量は0.24%以上である。より好ましくは、Si含有量は0.30%以下である。
Mnは、Cと同様に、鋼の焼入性を向上させ、鋼の強度増加に寄与する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、Mnは0.1%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、Mnは、偏析して局部的に鋼を硬化させる元素であり、多量のMnの含有は、局部的硬化領域を形成し、耐SSC性を低下させるという悪影響をおよぼす。このため、本発明では、Mn含有量は0.1~1.5%の範囲とする。好ましくは、Mn含有量は0.3%超えである。より好ましくは、Mn含有量は0.5%以上である。好ましくは、Mn含有量は1.2%以下である。より好ましくは、Mn含有量は0.8%以下である。
Pは、粒界に偏析して粒界脆化を引き起こすだけでなく、偏析して局部的に鋼を硬化させる元素であり、本発明では、Pは不可避的不純物として、できるだけ低減することが好ましいが、0.015%までは許容できる。このため、P含有量は0.015%以下とする。好ましくは、P含有量は0.012%以下である。
Sは、不可避的不純物として、鋼中ではそのほとんどが硫化物系介在物として存在し、延性、靭性、さらには耐SSC性を低下させるため、できるだけ低減することが好ましいが、0.005%までは許容できる。このため、S含有量は0.005%以下とする。好ましくは、S含有量は0.003%以下である。
Alは、脱酸剤として作用するとともに、Nと結合してAlNを形成して、加熱時のオーステナイト粒の微細化に寄与する。また、Alは、Nを固定し、固溶BがNと結合するのを防止して、Bの焼入性向上効果の低減を抑制する。このような効果を得るためには、Alは0.005%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.1%を超えるAlの含有は、酸化物系介在物の増加をもたらし、鋼の清浄度を低下させて、延性、靭性、さらには耐SSC性の低下を招く。このため、Al含有量は0.005~0.1%の範囲とする。好ましくは、Al含有量は0.01%以上である。より好ましくは、Al含有量は0.02%以上である。好ましくは、Al含有量は0.08%以下である。より好ましくは、Al含有量は0.05%以下である。
Nは、不可避的不純物として鋼中に存在するが、Alと結合してAlNを形成し、また、Tiと結合してTiNを形成して、結晶粒を微細化し、靭性を向上させる作用を有する。しかし、0.006%を超えるNの含有は、形成される窒化物(ここでいう、窒化物は熱処理過程で析出する析出物と凝固段階で晶出する介在物である。)が粗大化し、耐SSC性や靭性を著しく低下させる。このため、N含有量は0.006%以下とする。
Crは、焼入性の向上を介して鋼の強度を増加させるとともに、耐食性を向上させる元素である。また、Crは、焼入性を向上させ、厚肉材においても焼入れ組織を得ることが可能になる。さらに、焼戻処理時にCと結合し、M3C、M7C3、M23C6(Mは金属元素)などの炭化物を形成し、焼戻軟化抵抗を向上させる元素である。このような効果を得るためには、Crは0.1%以上含有することが必要である。好ましくは、Cr含有量は0.6%超えである。より好ましくは、Cr含有量は0.7%超えである。一方、2.5%を超えてCrを含有すると多量のM7C3、M23C6を形成し、水素のトラップサイトとして作用して耐SSC性を低下させる。また、含有量が過剰の場合、固溶軟化現象により、強度が低下することがある。このため、Cr含有量は2.5%以下にする。
Moは、炭化物を形成し、析出強化により鋼の強化に寄与する元素であり、焼戻により転位密度を低減させたうえで所望の高強度を確保するのに有効に寄与する。転位密度の低減により耐SSC性が向上する。また、Moは、鋼中に固溶して、旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析して、耐SSC性の向上に寄与する。さらに、Moは、腐食生成物を緻密化し、さらに割れの起点となるピットの生成および成長を抑制する作用を有する。このような効果を得るためには、Moは0.1%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.0%を超えるMoの含有は、強度上昇に対する、効果が飽和し、含有量に見合う効果を期待できなくなり、経済的に不利となる。また、針状のM2C析出物や、場合によってはLaves相(Fe2Mo)の形成を促進して、耐SSC性を低下させる。このため、Mo含有量は0.1~1.0%の範囲とする。好ましくは、Mo含有量は0.3%以上である。好ましくは、Mo含有量は0.9%以下である。より好ましくは、Mo含有量は0.7%以下である。
Vは、炭化物や炭窒化物を形成し、鋼の強化に寄与する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、Vは0.03%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.3%を超えてVを含有しても、効果が飽和し、含有量に見合う効果を期待できなくなり、経済的に不利となる。このため、V含有量は0.03~0.3%の範囲とする。好ましくは、V含有量は0.05%以上である。好ましくは、V含有量は0.25%以下である。
Nbは、炭化物やあるいはさらに炭窒化物を形成し、析出強化により鋼の強度増加に寄与するとともに、旧オーステナイト粒の微細化にも寄与する。このような効果を得るためには、Nbは0.001%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、Nb析出物は、SSC(硫化物応力腐食割れ)の伝播経路と成りやすく、0.030%超えの多量のNb含有に基づく多量のNb析出物の存在は、とくに降伏強さ125ksi以上の高強度鋼材において、耐SSC性の顕著な低下に繋がる。このため、所望の高強度と優れた耐SSC性との両立の観点から、Nb含有量は0.001~0.030%とする。好ましくは、Nb含有量は0.001%以上0.02%以下である。より好ましくは、Nb含有量は0.01%未満である。
Bは、オーステナイト粒界に偏析し、粒界からのフェライト変態を抑制することにより、微量の含有でも、鋼の焼入性を高める作用を有する。このような効果を得るためには、Bは0.0003%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、0.0030%超えてBを含有すると、炭窒化物等として析出し、焼入性が低下し、したがって靭性が低下する。このため、B含有量は0.0003~0.0030%の範囲とする。好ましくは、B含有量は0.0007%以上である。好ましくは、B含有量は0.0025%以下である。
O(酸素)は、不可避的不純物として、鋼中では酸化物系介在物として存在している。これら介在物は、SSCの発生起点となり、耐SSC性を低下させるため、本発明ではO(酸素)は、できるだけ低減することが好ましい。しかし、過剰な低減は精錬コストの高騰を招くため、0.0030%までは許容できる。このため、O(酸素)含有量は0.0030%以下とする。好ましくは、O含有量は0.0020%以下である。
Tiは、溶鋼の凝固時にNと結合し微細なTiNとして析出して、そのピンニング効果により、旧オーステナイト粒の微細化に寄与する。このような効果を得るためには、Tiは0.003%以上の含有を必要とする。Tiは0.003%未満の含有ではその効果が小さい。一方、Tiを0.025%を超えて含有すると、TiNが粗大化し、上記したピンニング効果が発揮できず、かえって靭性が低下する。また、さらに粗大なTiNが起因となり、耐SSC性が低下する。このようなことから、Ti含有量は0.003~0.025%の範囲とする。
Ti/Nが2.0未満では、Nの固定が不足しBNを形成し、Bによる焼入性向上効果が低下する。一方、Ti/Nが5.5を超えて大きい場合には、TiNが粗大化する傾向が顕著になり、靭性や耐SSC性が低下する。このようなことから、Ti/Nは2.0~5.5の範囲とする。好ましくは、Ti/Nは2.5以上である。好ましくは、Ti/Nは4.5以下である。
Cu、Ni、Wはいずれも、鋼の強度増加に寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて1種または2種以上を選択して含有できる。
Caは、Sと結合しCaSを形成して、硫化物系介在物の形態制御に有効に作用する元素であり、硫化物系介在物の形態制御を介して、靭性および耐SSC性の向上に寄与する。このような効果を得るためには、Caは0.0005%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、Caを0.0050%を超えて含有しても、その効果が飽和し、含有量に見合う効果が期待できなくなり、経済性に不利となる。このため、Caを含有する場合には、Ca含有量は0.0005~0.0050%の範囲に限定することが好ましい。
本発明の高強度継目無鋼管では、YS:125ksi級以上の高強度を確保するためと、構造物として必要な延性や靭性を保持するために、マルテンサイト相を焼戻した焼戻マルテンサイト相を主相とする。ここでいう「主相」とは、当該相が体積率で100%である単相である場合、あるいは第二相を特性に影響しない程度の範囲である体積率で5%以下含む、当該相が95%以上である場合をいう。なお、本発明では、第二相は、ベイナイト相、残留オーステナイト相およびパーライトあるいはそれらの混合相が例示できる。
旧オーステナイト粒の粒度番号が8.5未満では、生成するマルテンサイト相の下部組織が粗大化し、耐SSC性が低下する。このため、旧オーステナイト粒の粒度番号を8.5以上に限定する。なお、粒度番号は、JIS G 0551の規定に準拠して測定した値を用いるものとする。
窒化物系介在物は、降伏強さ125ksi級以上の高強度鋼管ではSSCの発生起点となり、その大きさが4μm以上と大きくなるほど、その悪影響が大きくなる。そのため、粒径が4μm以上の窒化物系介在物はできるだけ、少なくすることが望ましいが、100mm2あたり100個以下であれば、耐SSC性への悪影響は許容できる。このため、粒径が4μm以上の窒化物系介在物は100mm2あたり100個以下に限定する。なお、好ましくは84個以下である。
粒径が4μm未満の微細な窒化物系介在物は、単独で存在してもSSCの発生起点にはならないが、降伏強さ125ksi級以上の高強度鋼管では、その数が多くなり、100mm2あたり700個を超えると、耐SSC性への悪影響が許容できなくなる。このため、粒径が4μm未満の窒化物系介在物は100mm2あたり700個以下に限定する。なお、好ましくは600個以下である。
酸化物系介在物は、降伏強さ:125ksi級以上の高強度鋼管では、SSCの発生起点となり、その大きさが4μm以上と大きくなるほど、その悪影響が大きくなる。そこで、粒径が4μm以上の酸化物系介在物はできるだけ、少なくすることが望ましいが、100mm2あたり60個以下であれば、耐SSC性への悪影響は許容できる。このため、粒径が4μm以上の酸化物系介在物は100mm2あたり60個以下に限定する。なお、好ましくは40個以下である。
酸化物系介在物は、降伏強さ125ksi級以上の高強度鋼では、粒径が4μm未満と小さいものでもSSCの発生起点となり、その数が多くなるほど耐SSC性への悪影響が大きくなる。そのため、粒径が4μm未満の酸化物系介在物でもできるだけ少なくすることが望ましいが、100mm2あたり500個以下であれば、許容できる。このようなことから、粒径が4μm未満の酸化物系介在物は100mm2あたり500個以下に限定する。なお、好ましくは400個以下である。
加熱温度が1050℃未満では、鋼管素材中の炭化物の溶解が不十分となる。一方、加熱温度が1350℃を超えて高温となると、結晶粒が粗大化するとともに、凝固時に析出したTiNなどの析出物が粗大化し、また、セメンタイトが粗大化するため、靭性が低下する。また、1350℃を超える高温では、鋳片表面のスケールが厚く生成し、圧延時に表面疵等の発生原因になるとともに、エネルギーロスが増大し省エネルギーの観点から好ましくない。このようなことから、加熱温度は1050~1350℃の範囲の温度に限定する。好ましくは1100℃以上である。好ましくは、加熱温度は1300℃以下である。
本発明の組成範囲では、熱間加工後に空冷以上の冷却速度で冷却すれば、マルテンサイト相を主相とする組織を得ることができる。表面温度が200℃超えで空冷(冷却)を停止すると、変態が完全に完了していない場合がある。そのため、熱間加工後の冷却処理は、表面温度が200℃以下となるまで、空冷以上の冷却速度で冷却することとした。また、本発明において、「空冷以上の冷却速度」とは、0.1℃/s以上のことを指す。0.1℃/s未満の冷却速度であると、冷却後の金属組織が不均一になり、その後の熱処理後の金属組織が不均一となる。
焼戻処理は、転位密度を減少させ、靭性および耐SSC性を向上させる目的で行なう。焼戻温度が600℃未満では、転位の減少が不十分であるため、優れた耐SSC性を確保できない。一方、740℃を超える温度では、組織の軟化が著しく、所望の高強度を確保できない。このため、焼戻温度は600~740℃の範囲の温度に限定する。好ましくは、焼戻温度は660℃以上である。より好ましくは670℃以上である。好ましくは、焼戻温度は740℃以下である。より好ましくは、焼戻温度は710℃以下である。
再加熱温度が、Ac3変態点未満では、オーステナイト単相域に加熱されないため、マルテンサイト相を主相とする組織が得られない。一方、1000℃を超えると、結晶粒が粗大化し靭性が低下することに加え、表面の酸化スケールが厚くなり、剥離しやすくなり鋼板表面の疵発生の原因となる、などの悪影響がある。さらに、熱処理炉への負荷が過大となり、省エネルギーの観点からも問題となる。このようなことから、また、省エネルギーの観点から、焼入れ処理のための再加熱温度は、Ac3変態点以上1000℃以下に限定する。好ましくは950℃以下である。
(ここで、C、Si、Mn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Mo、V、Ti、Al、B:各元素の含有量(質量%))
Ac3変態点の計算にあたっては、上記した式に記載された元素を含有しない場合には、当該元素の含有量を零%として算出するものとする。
(1)組織観察
得られた継目無鋼管の、内面側1/4t位置(t:管厚)から組織観察用試験片を採取し、管長手方向に直交する断面(C断面)を研磨し、腐食(ナイタール(nital(硝酸-エタノール混合液))腐食)して組織を現出させ、光学顕微鏡(倍率:1000倍)および走査型電子顕微鏡(倍率:2000~3000倍)を用いて、組織を観察し、視野:4箇所以上で撮像した。得られた組織写真に基づき、画像解析により、構成する相の同定、およびそれら相の組織分率を、それぞれ算出した。
また、介在物として識別した粒子の個数を求め、さらに各粒子の面積を求め、円相当直径を計算し当該介在物の粒径とした。そして、粒径:4μm以上の介在物と粒径:4μm未満の介在物の個数密度(個/100mm2)を算出した。なお、長辺が2μmに満たない介在物は分析しなかった。
得られた継目無鋼管の内面側1/4t位置(t:管厚)から、JIS Z 2241の規定に準拠して、引張方向が管軸方向となるように、JIS 10号引張試験片(棒状試験片:平行部径12.5mmφ、平行部長さ:60mm、GL(Gage Length(標線間距離)):50mm)を採取し、引張試験を実施し、引張特性(降伏強さYS(0.5%耐力))、引張強さTS)を求めた。
得られた継目無鋼管の内面側1/4t位置(t:管厚)を中心として、管軸方向が引張方向となるように引張試験片(平行部径:6.35mmφ×平行部長さ25.4mm)を採取した。
また、焼戻温度が本発明の範囲の上限を超えた表2の鋼管No.22および鋼管No.26(鋼No.Iおよび鋼No.J)は、強度が低下している。そのため、耐SSC性試験を行わなかった(表4)。
また、焼入れ処理の冷却停止温度が本発明の範囲の上限を超えた表2の鋼管No.23および鋼No.27(鋼No.Iおよび鋼No.J)は、マルテンサイト相を主相とする所望の組織が得られず、強度が低下している。そのため、耐SSC性試験を行わなかった(表4)。
また、Cが本発明の範囲の上限を超えた鋼管No.33および鋼管No.34(表1の鋼No.Oおよび鋼No.P)は、本発明範囲の焼戻温度では強度が高くなり、耐SSC性が低下している(表5)。
また、Moが本発明の範囲の下限未満である鋼管No.35および鋼管No.36(表1の鋼No.Qおよび鋼No.R)は、耐SSC性が低下している(表5)。
また、Nbが本発明の範囲を高く外れた鋼管No.38および鋼管No.39(表1の鋼No.Tおよび鋼No.U)は、介在物の個数が本発明の範囲を外れ、耐SSC性が低下している(表5)。
また、Ti/Nが本発明の範囲を外れた鋼管No.40~43(表1の鋼No.V~Y)は、窒化物系介在物および酸化物系介在物の個数が本発明の範囲を外れ、いずれも耐SSC性が低下している(表5)。
また、Tiを本発明の範囲の上限を超えて含有する鋼管No.46および鋼管No.47(表1の鋼No.ABおよび鋼No.AC)は、耐SSC性が低下している(表5)。
また、NとO(酸素)の両方を本発明の範囲の上限を超えて含有する鋼管No.48および鋼管No.49(表1の鋼No.ADおよび鋼No.AE)は、酸化物系介在物の個数が本発明範囲を外れ、耐SSC性が低下している(表5)。
また、Cr含有量が0.6質量%以上である表4の鋼管No.9(表1の鋼No.C)は、Cr含有量が0.6質量%未満である表5の鋼管No.55(表1の鋼No.D)に比べ、その他は同様の条件で製造しているものの、焼入れ性が安定し、マルテンサイトを体積率で95%以上とすることができ、肉厚が32mmである厚肉鋼管を得ることができる。
また、Cr含有量が0.6質量%以上である表4の鋼管No.19(表1の鋼No.G)は、Cr含有量が0.6質量%未満である表5の鋼管No.56(表1の鋼No.H)に比べ、また、Cr含有量が0.6質量%以上である表5の鋼管No.29(表1の鋼No.K)は、Cr含有量が0.6質量%未満である表5の鋼管No.57(表1の鋼No.L)に比べ、その他は同様の条件で製造しているものの、焼入れ性が安定し、マルテンサイトを体積率で95%以上とすることができ、肉厚が25mmである厚肉鋼管を得ることができる。
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、C :0.20~0.50%、Si:0.05~0.40%、Mn:0.1~1.5%、P :0.015%以下、S :0.005%以下、Al:0.005~0.1%、N :0.006%以下、Cr:0.1~2.5%、Mo:0.1~1.0%、V :0.03~0.3%、Nb:0.001~0.030%、B :0.0003~0.0030%、O(酸素):0.0030%以下、Ti:0.003~0.025%、を含み、かつTi、NをTi/N:2.0~5.5を満足するように含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、
焼戻マルテンサイトを体積率で95%以上とし、旧オーステナイト粒が粒度番号で8.5以上であり、圧延方向に垂直な断面において、粒径が4μm以上の窒化物系介在物が100mm2あたり100個以下、粒径が4μm未満の窒化物系介在物が100mm2あたり700個以下、粒径が4μm以上の酸化物系介在物が100mm2あたり60個以下、粒径が4μm未満の酸化物系介在物が100mm2あたり500個以下である組織を有し、降伏強さYS:862MPa以上である油井用高強度継目無鋼管。 - 前記組成に加えてさらに、質量%で、Cu:1.0%以下、Ni:1.0%以下、W:3.0%以下のうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1に記載の油井用高強度継目無鋼管。
- 前記組成に加えてさらに、質量%で、Ca:0.0005~0.0050%を含有する請求項1または2に記載の油井用高強度継目無鋼管。
- 請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の油井用高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法であり、
鋼管素材を、加熱温度:1050~1350℃の範囲の温度で加熱し、熱間加工を施して所定形状の継目無鋼管とし、
前記熱間加工後に、前記継目無鋼管に空冷以上の冷却速度で表面温度が200℃以下となる温度まで冷却を施し、600~740℃の範囲の温度に加熱する焼戻処理を施す油井用高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法。 - 前記冷却後で、前記焼戻処理の前に、Ac3変態点以上1000℃以下の範囲の温度に再加熱し、表面温度で200℃以下となる温度まで急冷する焼入れ処理を1回以上施す請求項4に記載の油井用高強度継目無鋼管の製造方法。
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