WO2016125774A1 - モータ制御装置及びそれを搭載した電動パワーステアリング装置 - Google Patents
モータ制御装置及びそれを搭載した電動パワーステアリング装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016125774A1 WO2016125774A1 PCT/JP2016/053006 JP2016053006W WO2016125774A1 WO 2016125774 A1 WO2016125774 A1 WO 2016125774A1 JP 2016053006 W JP2016053006 W JP 2016053006W WO 2016125774 A1 WO2016125774 A1 WO 2016125774A1
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- phase
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- selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
- H02P6/085—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor in a bridge configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
- B62D5/046—Controlling the motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
- B62D5/046—Controlling the motor
- B62D5/0469—End-of-stroke control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
- B62D5/0457—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such
- B62D5/0481—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures
- B62D5/0496—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by control features of the drive means as such monitoring the steering system, e.g. failures by using a temperature sensor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/68—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
- H02P6/18—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
- H02P6/185—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements using inductance sensing, e.g. pulse excitation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/04—Arrangements for controlling or regulating the speed or torque of more than one motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
- H02P6/17—Circuit arrangements for detecting position and for generating speed information
Definitions
- the present invention calculates each phase Duty for PWM control based on a current command value, and controls the motor via an inverter composed of upper and lower stage FET bridges by each phase Duty and an electric motor equipped with the motor control device
- the present invention relates to a power steering device, and more particularly to a motor control device in which heat generation is dispersed so that heat generation is not concentrated on a specific FET, and an electric power steering device equipped with the motor control device.
- An electric power steering device which is equipped with a motor control device and applies a steering assist force (assist force) to the steering mechanism of the vehicle by the rotational force of the motor, transmits the driving force of the motor to a gear or belt via a reduction gear. With this transmission mechanism, a steering assist force is applied to the steering shaft or the rack shaft.
- EPS electric power steering device
- Such a conventional electric power steering apparatus performs feedback control of the motor current in order to accurately generate the torque of the steering assist force.
- the motor applied voltage is adjusted so that the difference between the steering assist command value (current command value) and the motor current detection value is small.
- the adjustment of the motor applied voltage is performed by duty control of PWM control. It is done by adjusting.
- a general configuration of an electric power steering device is described with reference to FIG. 1.
- a column shaft (steering shaft, handle shaft) 2 of a handle 1 is a reduction gear 3, universal joints 4a and 4b, a pinion rack mechanism 5,
- the tie rods 6a and 6b are connected to the steered wheels 8L and 8R via the hub units 7a and 7b.
- the column shaft 2 is provided with a torque sensor 10 that detects the steering torque of the handle 1, and a motor 20 that assists the steering force of the handle 1 is connected to the column shaft 2 via the reduction gear 3.
- a control unit (ECU) 30 that controls the electric power steering apparatus is supplied with electric power from a battery 13 as a power source, and also receives an ignition key signal through the ignition key 11.
- the control unit 30 calculates the current command value of the assist (steering assist) command based on the steering torque Th detected by the torque sensor 10 and the vehicle speed Vel detected by the vehicle speed sensor 12, and the calculated current command value
- the current supplied to the motor 20 is controlled by the voltage control value Vref that has been compensated for.
- the steering angle sensor 14 is not essential and may not be provided, and may be obtained from a rotation sensor connected to the motor 20.
- the control unit 30 is connected to a CAN (Controller Area Network) 40 that transmits and receives various types of vehicle information, and the vehicle speed Vel can also be received from the CAN 40.
- the control unit 30 can be connected to a non-CAN 41 that exchanges communications, analog / digital signals, radio waves, and the like other than the CAN 40.
- control unit 30 is mainly composed of a CPU (including an MPU, MCU, etc.). General functions executed by a program inside the CPU are shown in FIG. The configuration is as shown.
- the function and operation of the control unit 30 will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
- the steering torque Th from the torque sensor 10 and the vehicle speed Vel from the vehicle speed sensor 12 are input to the torque control unit 31, and the torque control unit 31 receives the steering torque Th.
- current command value Iref1 is calculated using an assist map etc. based on vehicle speed Vel.
- the calculated current command value Iref1 is added by the adding unit 32A and the compensation signal CM from the compensating unit 34 for improving the characteristics, and the added current command value Iref2 is limited to the maximum value by the current limiting unit 33.
- the current command value Irefm whose maximum value is limited is input to the subtraction unit 32B and subtracted from the motor current detection value Im.
- the duty is calculated by inputting to the unit 36, and the motor 20 is PWM-driven via the inverter 37 with the PWM signal from which the duty is calculated.
- the motor current value Im of the motor 20 is detected by the motor current detector 38, and is input to the subtraction unit 32B and fed back.
- the compensation unit 34 adds the detected or estimated self-aligning torque (SAT) to the inertia compensation value 342 by the addition unit 344, and further adds the convergence control value 341 to the addition result by the addition unit 345, and the addition The result is input to the adder 32A as a compensation signal CM to improve the characteristics.
- SAT detected or estimated self-aligning torque
- the inverter 37 is constituted by a three-phase bridge of FETs (upper stage FET1 to FET3, lower stage FET4 to FET6), and the motor 20 is driven when each FET is turned ON / OFF by Duty D1 to D6.
- Duty D1 to D3 control ON / OFF of the upper FETs 1 to 3, respectively, and Duty D4 to D6 control ON / OFF of the lower FETs 4 to 6, respectively.
- a motor release switch 23 is interposed between the inverter 37 and the motor 20 to cut off the supply of current when the assist control is stopped.
- the motor opening switch 23 is composed of an FET with a parasitic diode inserted in each phase.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the temperature of the drive element rises to the motor down temperature while suppressing the generation of noise peculiar to the PWM control method.
- a power steering device that can be prevented has been proposed.
- the drive control of the motor is achieved by PWM control of the drive circuit by the electronic control unit, and the electronic control unit outputs the PWM signal supplied to the drive circuit according to the temperature of the power drive element detected by the drive element temperature sensor. Change the carrier frequency.
- the PWM frequency when the driving element temperature is lower than the predetermined frequency switching temperature, the PWM frequency is set to a predetermined high frequency, and when the driving element temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined frequency switching temperature, the PWM frequency is set to a predetermined low frequency. It is supposed to be.
- Patent Document 2 introduces a driving current from two of the U to W phase terminals in order to reduce heat generation due to switching loss.
- the target voltage value of the terminal from which the drive current is derived is set to the ground potential
- the drive current is introduced from one of the U to W phase terminals
- the target voltage value of the terminal that introduces the drive current is set to the voltage generated by the DC power supply.
- the motor drive device of Patent Document 2 reduces the switching loss from the sine wave drive method of the DC brushless motor based on a simple sine wave approximate drive.
- the heat generated by the switching loss is small compared to the loss due to the ON resistance of the switching element, and the specific switching element remains ON under a specific situation. For this reason, even if the switching elements that are turned on concentrate heat, and the heat generation of the entire six switching elements can be reduced, as a result, in order to protect the heat generating switching elements from thermal destruction, the motor torque command
- the problem that the motor current corresponding to the value must be reduced occurs, and the situation where the effect can be obtained is very limited.
- an object of the present invention is to operate all three-phase duties in a situation where the drive of the motor is stopped (including a situation close to the stop). Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a motor control device in which heat generation of FETs (switching elements) is not concentrated on one FET but is distributed to a plurality of FETs, and an electric power steering device equipped with the motor control device.
- FETs switching elements
- the present invention relates to a motor control device that calculates each phase duty for PWM control based on a current command value, and controls the motor through an inverter composed of upper and lower stage FET bridges by each phase duty.
- the purpose is to calculate a current detector for detecting each phase current of the motor, each heat generation amount of the upper FET, an upper maximum heat generation phase specifying means for specifying the upper maximum heat generation phase, and each heat generation amount of the lower FET.
- a lower maximum exothermic phase specifying means for specifying the lower maximum exothermic phase, an upper selection means for selecting an upper selection duty and an upper selected phase current based on the upper maximum exothermic phase, and a lower maximum exothermic phase.
- the duty operation amount is calculated. Dut This is achieved by including a y operation amount calculation unit and a duty operation unit that operates each phase duty based on the duty operation amount.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit, wherein the upper-stage maximum heat generation phase specifying unit calculates each heat generation amount of the upper FET based on each phase Duty and each phase current;
- the upper maximum heat generation phase specifying unit that specifies the upper maximum heat generation phase based on each upper heat generation amount calculated by the FET heat generation amount calculation unit, or the lower maximum heat generation phase specifying means, Based on each phase Duty and each phase current, a lower FET heat generation amount calculation unit for calculating each heat generation amount of the lower FET, and the lower maximum value based on each lower stage heat generation amount calculated by the lower FET heat generation amount calculation unit
- It is configured to include a lower maximum heat generation phase specifying unit for specifying a heat generation phase, or to calculate each heat generation amount of the upper FET and each heat generation amount of the lower FET by calculation or by referring to a map.
- the heat generation amount of the upper FET and the heat generation amount of the lower FET are limited by a predetermined lower limit value after the square value of each phase current is subjected to LPF processing, and the limited amount By multiplying each phase Duty to output, or when the predetermined lower limit is a tuning value, or the upper stage selection means, based on the upper maximum heat generation phase, A first duty selection unit that selects the upper stage selection duty from each phase duty; and a first phase current selection unit that selects the upper stage selection phase current from each phase current based on the upper stage maximum heat generation phase; Or the second stage selecting means selects the lower stage selected duty from the respective phases based on the lower maximum heat generating phase, and the lower maximum heat generating phase.
- a second phase current selection unit that selects the lower stage selection phase current from the phase current, or the duty manipulated variable calculation unit ⁇ (the lower stage selection phase current ⁇ the lower stage selection phase current ⁇
- the lower selection duty) ⁇ (the upper selection phase current ⁇ the upper selection phase current ⁇ the upper selection duty) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (the upper selection phase current ⁇ the upper selection phase current) + (the lower selection phase current ⁇ the lower stage) Selectable phase current) ⁇ ⁇ 100 (%) by calculating the duty operation amount, or the duty operation unit adds to each phase duty for the upper stage and subtracts from each phase duty for the lower stage This is achieved more effectively.
- the present invention can be applied to all switching elements that drive the motor by turning on and off according to the duty of each phase, but all of them are simply referred to as “FET”.
- the heat generation of the FET is not concentrated on one FET, but distributed to a plurality of FETs.
- the amount of heat generated by each FET is calculated from the flowing current value and the duty to determine the duty manipulated variable, and each phase duty is manipulated based on the duty manipulated variable.
- an electric power steering device having a highly reliable ECU By mounting the motor control device on an electric power steering device, an electric power steering device having a highly reliable ECU can be provided.
- each FET The heat generation of each FET is obtained by the product of the ON resistance of the FET, the square of the flowing current, and Duty (ON time). If the ON resistances of all FETs are assumed to be constant and are not considered this time, for example, the following conditions are considered for the U to W3 phases. (1) U-phase motor current is 80 [A], U-phase upper stage FET ON time is 66%, U-phase lower stage FET ON time is 34% (2) When the V-phase motor current is -40 [A], the ON time of the V-phase upper FET is 42%, and the ON time of the V-phase lower FET is 58%.
- the W-phase upper FET is 16% and the W-phase lower FET is 22%.
- the U-phase upper FET generates the most heat compared to the other FETs, and the V-phase upper FET and the W-phase upper FET generate the least heat.
- the duty of the upper FET of all three phases is uniformly reduced by 16%, and the duty operation of the lower FET of all three phases is uniformly increased by 16%. Since the inter-voltage maintains a constant voltage difference, the heat generation rate of the FET can be changed as follows while the current value flowing in each phase is also maintained.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the configuration of the present invention corresponding to FIG. Entered.
- Each phase current Im (Iu, Iv, Iw) of the motor 20 detected by the motor current detector 38 is fed back to the subtraction unit 32B and input to the FET heat generation amount calculation unit 100.
- the upper stage selection duty DH, the lower stage selection duty DL, the upper stage selection phase current CH, and the lower stage selection phase current CL calculated by the FET heat generation amount calculation unit 100 are input to the duty manipulated variable calculation unit 120.
- the duty operation amount D 0 calculated by the duty operation amount calculation unit 120 is input to the duty operation unit 130.
- the motor 20 is driven through the gate drive circuit 36B and the inverter 37 by the duty D11 to D16 after the operation output from the duty operation unit 130.
- the configuration example of the FET heat generation amount calculation unit 100 is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and the U-phase upper stage DutyD1 is input to the U-phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101U and also to the Duty selection unit (upper stage) 110.
- the V-phase upper stage DutyD2 is input to the V-phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101V and is also input to the duty selection unit (upper stage) 110.
- the W-phase upper stage DutyD3 is input to the W-phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101W and is also input to the duty selection unit (upper stage) 110.
- the U-phase lower stage Duty D4 is input to the U-phase lower stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102U and also input to the duty selection unit (lower stage) 111.
- the V-phase lower stage Duty D5 is input to the V-phase lower stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102V and also input to the duty selection unit (lower stage) 111.
- the W-phase lower stage Duty D6 is input to the W-phase lower stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102W and also input to the duty selection unit (lower stage) 111.
- the U-phase current Iu detected by the motor current detector 38 is input to the U-phase upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101U and the U-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102U, and the selection U-phase subjected to the processing described later.
- the current Iu ′ is input to the phase current selection unit (upper stage) 112 and the phase current selection unit (lower stage) 113.
- the V-phase current Iv is input to the V-phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101V and the V-phase lower stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102V, and the selection V-phase current Iv ′ subjected to processing described later is the phase current selection unit (upper stage). 112 and the phase current selection unit (lower stage) 113.
- the W-phase current Iw is input to the W-phase upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101W and the W-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102W, and the selection W-phase current Iw ′ subjected to processing described later is the phase current selection unit (upper stage). 112 and the phase current selection unit (lower stage) 113.
- the heat generation amount HT3 of the W-phase upper FET calculated by the calculation unit 101W is input to the upper-stage maximum heat generation phase specifying unit 103.
- the U-phase upper FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101U outputs the calculated selection U-phase current Iu ′
- the V-phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101V outputs the calculated selection V-phase current Iv ′.
- the calculated W phase current Iw ′ for selection is output from the W phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101W.
- the U-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102U calculates the U-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount HT4
- the V-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102V calculates the V-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount HT5, the W-phase lower-stage FET.
- the heat generation amount HT6 of the W-phase lower FET calculated by the heat generation amount calculation unit 102W is input to the lower-stage maximum heat generation phase specifying unit 104.
- the U-phase upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101U, the V-phase upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101V, the W-phase upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101W, and the upper-stage maximum heat-generation phase specifying unit 103 constitute upper-stage maximum heat-generation phase specifying means.
- the lower-stage maximum heat generation amount specifying unit 102U, the V-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102V, the W-phase lower-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102W, and the lower-stage maximum heat-generation phase specifying unit 104 constitute a lower-stage maximum heat-generation phase specifying unit.
- the duty selection unit (upper stage) 110 and the phase current selection unit (upper stage) 112 constitute an upper stage selection unit, and the duty selection unit (lower stage) 111 and the phase current selection unit (lower stage) 113 constitute a lower stage selection unit. is doing.
- the calorific value of each FET is calculated by the following formula 1.
- the heat generation amount of each FET may be calculated by calculation or may be calculated with reference to a map. Further, the heat generation amount can be calculated more accurately by considering the ON resistance of the FET.
- FET heating value phase current x phase current x duty
- the FET heat generation amount calculation units (101U to 101W, 102U to 102W) calculate the heat generation amount by multiplying the phase current squared by each phase Duty as shown in Equation (1).
- the actual FET temperature does not always match the calculation result.
- a low-pass filter (LPF) and a lower limit limiter are applied immediately after the square value calculation.
- the U phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101U will be described with reference to FIG.
- the U-phase current Iu is squared by the square computing unit 101U-1, the squared value of the phase current is input to the LPF 101U-2, and the output from the LPF 101U-2 is a lower limit value limiter 101U-3 based on the tuning value.
- the lower limit value is limited.
- An amount whose lower limit value is limited by the lower limit value limiter 101U-3 is input to the square root portion 101U-5, and is multiplied by the U-phase upper stage DutyD1 by the multiplication unit 101U-4, and the multiplication result is the heat generation amount HT1 of the U-phase upper stage.
- Is output as A value obtained by obtaining the square root in the square root portion 101U-5 is output as the selection U-phase current Iu '.
- a lower limit value limiter 101U-3 is provided in the subsequent stage of the LPF 101U-2. This is because the phase current of the motor takes into consideration that a slight amount of current always flows due to the influence of the switching operation by PWM drive. Since this slight current is 0 when viewed as an average value, it cannot normally be obtained as a current detection value. However, in reality, a small amount of current instantaneously flows in each phase of the FET or motor, and this current causes heat generation. For this reason, it is possible to obtain a more accurate calorific value by setting a value corresponding to a slight calorific value as a lower limit value of the limiter process (101U-3) in advance as a tuning value.
- the V-phase upper FET calorific value calculation unit 101V outputs a selection V-phase current Iv '
- the W-phase upper FET calorific value calculation unit 101W outputs a selection V-phase current.
- Iw ′ is output.
- selection phase currents Iu ′ to Iw ′ are calculated by upper FET heat generation amount calculation units 101U to 101W, but selection phase currents Iu ′ to Iw ′ are calculated by lower FET heat generation amount calculation units 102U to 102W. May be calculated.
- any one of the upper and lower stage FET heat generation amount calculation units for calculating the selection phase currents Iu ′ to Iw ′ includes a square root portion, and the other configurations are completely the same.
- identification of the maximum exothermic phase is performed by selecting the phase of the maximum calorific value for each of the upper and lower stages.
- the upper maximum exothermic phase HM specified by the upper maximum exothermic phase specifying unit 103 is input to the duty selection unit (upper) 110 and the phase current selection unit (upper) 112, and the lower maximum is specified by the lower maximum exothermic phase specifying unit 104.
- the heat generation phase LM is input to the duty selection unit (lower stage) 111 and the phase current selection unit (lower stage) 113.
- the selection of the duty is performed by selecting the duty of the FET phase having the maximum heat generation amount
- the selection of the phase current is performed by selecting the phase current of the FET phase having the maximum heat generation amount
- the upper selection DutyDH from the Duty selection unit (upper stage) 110 and the lower selection DutyDL from the Duty selection unit (lower stage) 111 are input to the duty operation amount calculation unit 120, and the upper selection phase current from the phase current selection unit (upper stage) 112.
- the lower stage selected phase current CL from the CH and phase current selector (lower stage) 111 is input to the duty manipulated variable calculator 120.
- the duty operation amount calculation unit 120 calculates the duty operation amount D 0 (%) according to the following formula 2.
- D 0 (%) ⁇ (CL ⁇ CL ⁇ DL) ⁇ (CH ⁇ CH ⁇ DH) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (CH ⁇ CH) + (CL ⁇ CL) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the duty operation amount D 0 calculated by the duty operation amount calculation unit 120 according to the above equation 2 is input to the duty operation unit 130 as shown in FIG. 8, and the duty operation amount D 0 is added to the upper stage FET.
- the duty manipulated variable D 0 is subtracted from the lower stage FET.
- U phase upper stage DutyD1 ⁇ W phase upper stage DutyD3 are respectively input to the addition unit 131 ⁇ 133
- U-phase lower DutyD4 ⁇ W-phase lower DutyD6 are respectively input to the subtraction unit 134 ⁇ 136
- Duty operation amount D 0 is adding unit Addition is input to 131 to 133
- subtraction is input to subtraction units 134 to 136.
- duty D11 to D16 after operation are output from the adders 131 to 133 and the subtractors 134 to 136, respectively.
- each phase upper stage Duty D1 to D3 calculated by the duty calculation unit 36A is input to the U phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101U to the W phase upper stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 101W, and also to the duty selection unit (upper stage) 110. Input (step S1).
- each phase lower stage Duty D4 to D6 is input to the U phase lower stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102U to W phase lower stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit 102W and also input to the duty selection unit (lower stage) 111 (step S1).
- the phase currents Iu to Iw detected by the current detector 38 are input to the U-phase FET heat generation amount calculation units 101U and 102U to the W-phase FET heat generation amount calculation units 101W and 102W (step S2).
- step S10 the heat generation amount of each FET and each phase current for selection are calculated by calculation or map reference formula (step S10), and the heat generation amounts HT1 to HT3 of each phase upper stage FET are input to the upper stage maximum heat generation phase specifying unit 103, and the maximum heat generation is performed.
- the phase HM is specified (step S11), and the heat generation amounts HT4 to HT6 of each phase lower stage FET are input to the lower stage maximum heat generation phase specifying unit 104 to specify the maximum heat generation phase LM (step S12).
- the upper stage selection duty DH is selected according to the upper stage maximum heat generation phase HM
- the lower stage selection duty DL is selected according to the lower stage maximum heat generation phase LM (step S13).
- the phase current selection unit (upper stage) 112 selects the upper stage selection phase current CH according to the upper stage maximum heat generation phase HM
- the phase current selection section (lower stage) 113 selects the lower stage selection phase current CL according to the lower stage maximum heat generation phase LM.
- the upper stage selection duty DH, the lower stage selection duty DL, the upper stage selection phase current CH, and the lower stage selection phase current CL are input to the duty manipulation amount calculation unit 120, and the duty manipulation amount calculation unit 120 calculates the duty manipulation amount D 0 based on Equation 2.
- Step S20 Calculated Duty operating amount D 0 is input to the Duty operation unit 130, Duty operation is performed by the adder 131 to 13 and the subtraction unit 134-136 (step S21).
- the duty operation amount D 0 is decreased in the 0 direction so that each duty falls within the range of 100 to 0%.
- the duty operation amount D 0 is 10% and the maximum of the upper stage duty is 95%
- the duty operation amount D 0 is reduced to 5%
- the upper stage duty after the operation is limited to a maximum of 100%.
- the duty operation amount D 0 is ⁇ 10% and the maximum of the lower stage duty is 95%
- the duty operation amount D 0 is reduced to ⁇ 5%
- the lower stage duty after the operation is limited to a maximum of 100%.
- each phase current Iu ′ for selection calculated by the upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit or the upper-stage FET heat generation amount calculation unit The selection is performed by inputting Iw ′ to the upper / lower phase current selection unit, but in principle, each phase current Iu to Iw detected by the motor current detector may be used. Further, the control (operation) of the present invention may always operate. The start and end timings are not necessary, but if the motor current commutation interval is shorter than the heat generation time constant of the FET, the effect of the duty operation is lost. Further, the switching element constituting the inverter may be a semiconductor element other than the FET.
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Abstract
Description
(1)U相のモータ電流が80[A]で、U相上段FETのON時間が66%、U相下段のFETのON時間が34%
(2)V相のモータ電流が-40[A]で、V相上段FETのON時間が42%、V相下段のFETのON時間が58%
(3)W相のモータ電流が-40[A]で、W相上段FETのON時間が42%、W相下段のFETのON時間が58%
上記条件の場合、各FETの発熱割合は以下のようになる。
(a)U相上段FET:80×80×0.66=4224[W]
(b)U相下段FET:80×80×0.34=2176[W]
(c)V相上段FET:40×40×0.42=672[W]
(d)V相下段FET:40×40×0.58=928[W]
(e)W相上段FET:40×40×0.42=672[W]
(f)W相下段FET:40×40×0.58=928[W]
ここで、最大値4224[W]で正規化すると、それぞれの割合は、U相上段FETが100%、U相下段FETが52%、V相上段FETが16%、V相下段FETが22%、W相上段FETが16%、W相下段FETが22%となり、U相上段FETが他のFETに比べ最も多く発熱し、V相上段FET及びW相上段のFETの発熱が最も少なくなる。このFET毎の発熱不均衡を減らすため、3相全ての上段FETのDutyを一律16%減らし、3相全ての下段FETのDutyを一律16%増やすDuty操作を行うと、モータから見たモータ端子間電圧は一定の電圧差を保ったままなので、各相に流れる電流値も保たれたまま、FETの発熱割合を下記のように変更することができる。
(a-1)U相上段FET:80×80×0.50=3200[W]
(b-1)U相下段FET:80×80×0.50=3200[W]
(c-1)V相上段FET:40×40×0.26=416[W]
(d-1)V相下段FET:40×40×0.74=1184[W]
(e-1)W相上段FET:40×40×0.26=416[W]
(f-1)W相下段FET:40×40×0.74=1184[W]
以上より、本発明では、各相Dutyと各相電流に基づいて個々のFETの発熱量を算出し、特定のFETに集中している発熱を複数(2個以上)のFETに等しく分散するためのDuty操作量を求める。求まったDuty操作量を用いて、3相の端子間電圧を保持したまま全てのFETのDutyを操作し、アシスト力は変化させないままFETの発熱の分散を行う。
(数1)
FET発熱量=相電流×相電流×Duty
FET発熱量算出部(101U~101W,102U~102W)では、数1に示すように相電流を2乗したものと各相Dutyを乗算して発熱量を算出している。しかし、FET素子の持つ熱容量等の影響により、発熱には時定数が存在するため、実際のFET温度と計算の結果は必ずしも一致するとは限らない。特に、モータの相電流が著しく変化する状況においては、上記温度の不一致が発生し易くなる。そこで、本発明では図7に示すように、2乗値演算の直後にローパスフィルタ(LPF)及び下限値リミッタを適用する。
(数2)
D0(%)={(CL×CL×DL)-(CH×CH×DH)}÷{(CH×CH)+(CL×CL)}×100
上記数2に従って、Duty操作量算出部120で算出されたDuty操作量D0は、図8に示すようなDuty操作部130に入力され、上段FETに対してはDuty操作量D0を加算し、下段FETに対してはDuty操作量D0を減算する。即ち、U相上段DutyD1~W相上段DutyD3はそれぞれ加算部131~133に入力され、U相下段DutyD4~W相下段DutyD6はそれぞれ減算部134~136に入力され、Duty操作量D0は加算部131~133に加算入力され、減算部134~136に減算入力される。そして、加算部131~133及び減算部134~136からそれぞれ操作後のDutyD11~D16が出力される。
(数3)
D11=D1+D0
D12=D2+D0
D13=D3+D0
D14=D4-D0
D15=D5-D0
D16=D6-D0
数3のように操作された操作後のDutyD11~D16がDuty操作部130から出力され(ステップ22)、これによってモータ20が駆動制御される。
Iw’を上下相電流選択部に入力して選択を実施しているが、原理的にはモータ電流検出器で検出された各相電流Iu~ Iwを用いても良い。また、本発明の制御(操作)は常時動作しても良い。開始及び終了のタイミングは不要であるが、モータ電流の転流間隔がFETの発熱時定数より短い間隔であれば、Duty操作による効果はなくなる。また、インバータを構成するスイッチング素子はFET以外の半導体素子であっても良い。
2 コラム軸(ステアリングシャフト、ハンドル軸)
10 トルクセンサ
12 車速センサ
13 バッテリ
20 モータ
30 コントロールユニット(ECU)
31 トルク制御部
35 電流制御部
36 PWM制御部
36A Duty演算部
36B ゲート駆動部
37 インバータ
38 モータ電流検出器
100 FET発熱量算出部
103 上段最大発熱相特定部
104 下段最大発熱相特定部
110 Duty選択部(上段)
111 Duty選択部(下段)
112 相電流選択部(上段)
113 相電流選択部(下段)
120 Duty操作量算出部
130 Duty操作部
Claims (11)
- 電流指令値に基づきPWM制御のための各相Dutyを演算し、前記各相Dutyにより、上下段FETブリッジで成るインバータを介してモータを制御するモータ制御装置において、
前記モータの各相電流を検出する電流検出器と、
上段FETの各発熱量を算出し、上段最大発熱相を特定する上段最大発熱相特定手段と、
下段FETの各発熱量を算出し、下段最大発熱相を特定する下段最大発熱相特定手段と、
前記上段最大発熱相に基づいて、上段選択Duty及び上段選択相電流を選択する上段用選択手段と、
前記下段最大発熱相に基づいて、下段選択Duty及び下段選択相電流を選択する下段用選択手段と、
前記上段選択Duty及び上段選択相電流と、前記下段選択Duty及び下段選択相電流とに基づいて、Duty操作量を算出するDuty操作量算出部と、
前記Duty操作量に基づいて前記各相Dutyを操作するDuty操作部と、
を具備したことを特徴とするモータ制御装置。 - 前記上段最大発熱相特定手段が、
前記各相Duty及び前記各相電流に基づいて、上段FETの各発熱量を算出する上段FET発熱量算出部と、
前記上段FET発熱量算出部で算出された各上段発熱量に基づいて前記上段最大発熱相を特定する上段最大発熱相特定部と、
で構成されている請求項1に記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記下段最大発熱相特定手段が、
前記各相Duty及び前記各相電流に基づいて、下段FETの各発熱量を算出する下段FET発熱量算出部と、
前記下段FET発熱量算出部で算出された各下段発熱量に基づいて前記下段最大発熱相を特定する下段最大発熱相特定部と、
で構成されている請求項1又は2に記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記上段FETの各発熱量及び前記下段FETの各発熱量を演算により、若しくはマップの参照で算出するようになっている請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のモータ制御装置。
- 前記上段FETの各発熱量及び前記下段FETの各発熱量を、前記各相電流の2乗値をLPF処理した後に所定の下限値で制限し、前記制限された量に前記各相Dutyを乗算して出力するようになっている請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のモータ制御装置。
- 前記所定の下限値がチューニング値である請求項5に記載のモータ制御装置。
- 前記上段用選択手段が、
前記上段最大発熱相に基づいて、前記各相Dutyから前記上段選択Dutyを選択する第1のDuty選択部と、
前記上段最大発熱相に基づいて、前記各相電流から前記上段選択相電流を選択する第1の相電流選択部と、
で構成されている請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記下段用選択手段が、
前記下段最大発熱相に基づいて、前記各相Dutyから前記下段選択Dutyを選択する第2のDuty選択部と、
前記下段最大発熱相に基づいて、前記各相電流から前記下段選択相電流を選択する第2の相電流選択部と、
で構成されている請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記Duty操作量算出部が、
{(前記下段選択相電流×前記下段選択相電流×前記下段選択Duty)-(前記上段選択相電流×前記上段選択相電流×前記上段選択Duty)}÷{(前記上段選択相電流×前記上段選択相電流)+(前記下段選択相電流×前記下段選択相電流)}×100(%)により前記Duty操作量を算出する請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載のモータ制御装置。 - 前記Duty操作部が、
上段用前記各相Dutyに対して加算し、下段用前記各相Dutyに対して減算するようになっている請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載のモータ制御装置。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載のモータ制御装置を搭載し、車両の操舵系をアシスト制御するようになっている電動パワーステアリング装置。
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