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WO2016122337A1 - Système de commande de relais électroniques dans une suspension active de véhicule - Google Patents

Système de commande de relais électroniques dans une suspension active de véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016122337A1
WO2016122337A1 PCT/PL2016/000004 PL2016000004W WO2016122337A1 WO 2016122337 A1 WO2016122337 A1 WO 2016122337A1 PL 2016000004 W PL2016000004 W PL 2016000004W WO 2016122337 A1 WO2016122337 A1 WO 2016122337A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
suspension
coil
coils
input
relay
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PL2016/000004
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marek Andrzej KORPUS
Original Assignee
Korpus Marek Andrzej
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Korpus Marek Andrzej filed Critical Korpus Marek Andrzej
Publication of WO2016122337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016122337A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/0152—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit
    • B60G17/0157—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit non-fluid unit, e.g. electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
    • B60G2202/42—Electric actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
    • B60G2202/42—Electric actuator
    • B60G2202/422—Linear motor

Definitions

  • the invention provides a system relays installed in the electronic circuits of the coils of electric motors, which circuits electric coupling these coils are part of an active suspension vehicles.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of circuit switching electric motors using electronic relays in systems of electrical coupling of these engines used for active control of the suspension of motor vehicles.
  • the system of electronic circuits relay coil linear motors of the invention is a functional representation of creatures known from the Polish patent No. 214393, the essence of which is the construction of the valves in the piston hydraulic shock absorber suspension vehicles.
  • the functional essence of coupled hydraulic shock absorbers in the two systems of feedback they are relatively short - involving the valves in the piston - separation of the shock absorber of the hydraulic coupling systems, resulting from the oscillation of the vehicle wheel of bumps on the road.
  • functional mapping of the hydraulic coupling the conjugated shown in patent No. 214393, the present invention is the electrical coupling of linear electric motor vehicle suspensions.
  • Lenz direction of the current induced in the coil circuit linear motors is the strength of the resistance jump magnet core assets, particularly strokean oscillating.
  • the electronic separation of the electric coupling is equivalent to the method of separation of the coupling of hydraulic shock absorbers.
  • the electronic equivalent of the process of separation from the coupling of hydraulic shock absorbers according to the invention is a process - involving the power electronic switching devices.
  • Solid State Relays SSR as the switching elements linear electric motors electrically coupled to the hydraulic instead of switching methods for separation systems of feedback hydraulic shock absorbers according to the invention are used to switch current load on the output terminals when using a semiconductor controlled.
  • Electronic control input circuit solid-state relay is a component of optoelectronic switching from a direct factor in the form a photodiode which emits infrared radiation.
  • infrared radiation it is part of a non-contact switching output circuit current load, and is a direct factor galvanic isolation input circuit the output circuit, h addition, such infrared radiation also emits optoelectronic component in the form of a phototransistor, photothyrystors or phototriac.
  • Electronic input circuits of each relay systems differ relay control voltage or off-actuating the flow of electric current between the output terminals.
  • the size of the control voltage determines the size of the input circuit resistance
  • Active suspension in the way Bose is implemented using electronic sound processing techniques and using actuators by the use of electric linear motors of job reversible electrical power from the vehicle resources.
  • the body is suspended on mechanical torsion rods, and at each of the wheels of the car instead of the conventional hydraulic shock absorbers are disposed linear motors.
  • the flow of current processor-controlled, varying the voltage adjusted to the winding coils of linear electric motors, regulating the size of reactionary vertical jumping pistons permanent magnets is controlled processor, an electronic controller active vehicle suspension analyzing the data collected by sensors: what to keep vehicle relative to the road surface condition.
  • Engines prevent tipping longitudinal and lateral body of the centrifugal forces the body to the frequencies and amplitudes of the applied signal voltage waveform output of electronic power amplifiers power the work of reversible these engines relative to the frequency and magnitude of the centrifugal forces of the body.
  • Place conventional hydraulic shock absorbers have taken over the linear electric motors, as electromagnetic-roll stabilizers and dampers insulating body oscillatory vibration from the wheels of the vehicle from the blows of potholes.
  • the invention is a continuation of the suspension Bose, especially the way the vehicle's suspension in the use of linear electric motors, and draws on the electronic suspension control. Furthermore, the known disc electric motor with a rotating impeller, a motor disc
  • rotary electric motor as a disk motor with two outer discs with permanently on the surfaces of the permanent magnets and the ferromagnetic cores with windings wound electrical coils of the internal stator.
  • the present invention is a system electronic relays installed in the circuits of the coils of electric motors vehicle suspension system coupling a vehicle suspension components mounted on the suspension at each wheel of the vehicle equipped with the wire coils operating the cable ends of the coil in series crimped to the inner output terminals, shut-off relay coils and where their external output terminals are clenched cables electric coupling and from coaxial to the windings of the coil, independent windings of the coil inductive sensors with cable ends of the coils in series crimped internal output terminals, cut-off relay coil sensors and where their external output terminal are clenched input leads to an electronic amplifier.
  • each sensor coil is clamped in parallel to the input terminals of each relay coil force, and branches off the ends of each coil sensor are parallel clamped, also to the input terminals of each relay coil sensor input resistance of the relay coil circuit of the sensor less, at least an order of magnitude of the input resistance of the relay coil circuit working.
  • the advantage of the invention is the use of the relays, as the separation factor
  • the adjustments are functions of the body of the impact of centrifugal forces, the advantage of the use of linear electric motors and rotating electric motors systems electric coupling is to contrast the centrifugal forces of the combined work of all electric motors in the electric coupling systems.
  • the present invention allows to use engines with relatively lower power rating. For this reason it is preferred to use a column of linear electric motors, as a replacement cartridges for those types of shock absorber MacPherson strut adapted to be coupled to hydraulic, which are the subject of the invention described in patent No. P.398420, when used to claims 3, 4 and 5.
  • disc electric motors with rotating rotor as a motor disc with two outer rings of stator and rotor disk between the stators and permanently attached to the surface of the disc permanent magnet rotor replacements in the form of rotary hydraulic motors pursuant to the invention of the rotary hydraulic damper known from a notification No. P.395621 and P.395931 patent no description, and to reserve the use of the invention, as described in application No. P.395621.
  • Furthennore it is prefen-ed to use the disc with rotary motors, rotors, as the motor disc with two external rotor discs with pennanently on their surfaces a peimanent magnet and the ferromagnetic cores of the windings wound electrical coils of the internal stator in the form of a replacement rotary hydraulic motors as applied to the present invention known from a notification No P.405871 rotary hydraulic shock absorber applications to claims 4 and 5.
  • An advantage of the present invention dispense with the use of a switch in application electric motors with rotating rotor, instead of hydraulic motors a rotary hydraulic shock absorbers, because the half-turns performed by electric rotary suspension components are not greater than 120 °.
  • the invention is illustrated in the diagram figures Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 1 are the transmitter systems of electronic circuits coils of two linear motors using an analog operational amplifier, the input stage of inverting stage and parallel fed to the common input of the summing amplifier voltage induction currents from the coil sensor, which is the resultant voltage the output is supplied to the preamplifier and then - amplifier output power supply electrically coupled linear motors operating coil suspension front and rear wheels, in the embodiment of Fig.
  • Fig. 5 are layouts electronic relays in the circuits of coils other way spacing of three linear electric motors using an analog operational amplifier as input stage phase-reversing and summative voltage induction currents from the coils sensors, which are resultant output voltage is applied to the preamplifier and then - amplifier output power supply electrically coupled coil working motor suspension of the front wheel and two motors of the rear wheels, also regimens Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 supply electric coupling the linear motor in parallel to one of two input terminals of the adder analog amplifier is additionally connected to a modular system active leveling the vehicle body suspended from paiticipation linear electric motors.
  • leveling module “f” of the power amplifier output of the active vehicle suspension In the arrangement leveling module “f " of the power amplifier output of the active vehicle suspension. In the arrangement of the module “f " output from the adder is independent of the operational amplifier “Q” analog adder using a separate operational amplifier circuit coupled to the output stage of the power amplifier.
  • the first input of the analog adder module “f” is supplied to the output voltage of the preamplifier "T", and the second input is fed in parallel - an additional output voltage of the module "e” mixing.
  • module “e” To the module “e” are connected in parallel mixer: module “a” system relative reference point in space, the module “b” of the height sensorbody and module “d” of the GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite navigation system of road motor vehicles. Capable of active leveling vehicle body based on the average indicate the horizon for the GPS system.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the resultant output voltage of the analog adder module "f" is further strengthened with the participation of the output power of the power amplifier operating coil electrically coupled linear electric motors at each wheel suspended vehicle.
  • the embodiment is in the form of a relay "Pr and Pc" of electronic circuits connected to coils of a linear electric motor A hydraulic damper as a replacement for the front wheel and the circuits of the coils of the linear B electric motor, a hydraulic damper as a replacement for the rear wheel.
  • Each motor A and B as the suspension upright tube has a rigid column housing inside which from top to bottom are wound coil windings "r " working together the wound from the top down coaxial independent coil windings "c” inductive sensor, preferably on the outer coil rolls the "r " working.
  • each motor A and B coaxially with coils "r and c" has postponed the guide column plunger stem permanent magnet.
  • Magnet core of each motor A and B have the same polarity.
  • the guide insulates the magnet core mechanically and electrically isolated from
  • the lower ends of the magnetic cores are arranged guiding chassis components vertical wheel of a vehicle and between the vehicle chassis and wheel arch spring is sprung.
  • Each electric motor the rotor or rotors equipped with a rotary plate of the permanent magnets with the same polarity magnetic fields juxtaposition plates of permanent magnets, as of rotary vehicle suspension components.
  • the external terminals 2 output taps of the same relays "Pr" they are clamped cables electric coupling.
  • Wire coils "c” of inductive sensors with cable ends of the coil "c” series are clamped to the inner terminals 5 output cut-off relay "Pc” inductors. Their external output terminals 6 of the same relays "Pc” are clamped input leads of electronic amplifier operating "Q".
  • relays "Pr and Pc" in one housing, provided separate relay circuit parameters "Pr and Pc" of the corresponding the terminals in accordance with tire nomenclature of Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the present invention.
  • the negative potential of the battery voltage is connected to ground.
  • a linear electric motor from terminal 2 of relay "Pr”, via terminal 2 relay “Pr” from the motor B is coupled to an electric cable with a linear electric motor B.
  • resistor "Ra” and the terminal 6 relay "Pc” coil “c” sensor motor B electric conductor, through a resistor “Rb” are connected in parallel via a tee "t " a common input terminal "+” phase-inverting input of the operational amplifier "Q".
  • terminal "—” inverting the phase of the input signal through a resistor "Rq” is connected to ground. Then, through a resistor “Rt” the output signal from the amplifier "Q"
  • diode “D” The task of diode “D” is limiting resistor voltage "Rd" pre-amp input circuit for inductive coil currents direction "c” sensor motors A and B induced magnetic cores jump to the bottom in reflection body up.
  • Limiting resistor voltage "Rd" is to slow down the reflection plane of the body top.
  • Fig. 2 there is shown another embodiment of the invention, as in the example Fig. 1 consists of an array of relays "Pr and Pc" electronic connected circuits of the coils A lineai- electric motor as a substitute for a hydraulic damper of the front wheel and the circuits of the coils of the linear motor B, as a replacement hydraulic shock absorber of the rear wheel.
  • the difference of Fig. 2 with respect to the implementation of Fig. 1 is at a different the way connection with operational amplifier "Q".
  • the resistor "Rs” is the resistor negative feedback loop. Then, through a resistor “Rt” output signal from the amplifier “Q” is applied to a preamplifier, symbolically shown as the transistor "T 11 .
  • Fig. 3 there is shown a method of coupling power to the electric motors four-wheel vehicle suspension.
  • the waveform of the output voltage of the output stage of the power amplifier powers the electric motors coupled.
  • each of system relays "Pr and Pc” electronic circuit coils “r " business and coils “c” inductive sensors are via external terminals 6 of each of the coils “c” of each relay “Pc” coils “c” motors are connected in parallel to the "n” and “n' “ and through resistors "Rn” and “Rn' “ they are connected in parallel electrically common with a tee "t ", and then connected to the "-” summing and phase-reversing input operational amplifier "Q".
  • Fig. 4 is shown a method of coupling power to the electric motors suspension tricycle. From the module “f “, the amplified signal output from the terminal network “m” with a parallel distribution voltage and simultaneously supplies the coil, “r " operating motors A and B and C, so that the motors A and B are at the front of the vehicle and the engine C at the rear of the vehicle.
  • the power supply is another method of coupling the electric motor tricycle suspension. From the module “f “, the amplified signal output from the terminal network “m” with a parallel distribution voltage and simultaneously supplies the coil, “r “ operating motors A and B and C, so that the engine A is in front of the vehicle, and the motors B and C are at the rear of the vehicle.
  • the motor C for examples layout, the configurations of Fig. 4 and 5 of relay terminal 6 "Pc" connected in parallel with the amplifier "Q" through the resistor "Rc”.
  • the module “e” mixer based on indications electronic video camera fixed point in space. Capable of active leveling the vehicle body with respect to the voltage of the image sensor camera, for example, with respect to high mountain, top of the mast tall chimney or constant light source.
  • the module “b” body height sensor is applied to the system, the selected fixed headroom.
  • the module “d” of the GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite navigation system of road motor vehicles is applied to an active leveling the vehicle body based on average indicate the horizon for the GPS system.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • Each signal of said modules can be brought to the module “e” mixing together or separately.
  • the mixed voltage fed signals from an exemplary set of module “a” module “b” or a set of module “d” module “b” is the module output "e” mixing fed to the second input of the adder analog module “f " output, and from there resultant output voltage signal from the preamplifier “T “ and also from the signal voltages of all modules "a and b and d” - reinforced the power amplifier outputand it is applied to the terminals of all coils "r " working engine suspension.
  • Electrodynamic force voltage electric current applied to the coil, "r” of the power amplifier module “f” compensates the impact of centrifugal forces of the body.
  • power electrodynamic voltage power amplifier supplied to the engine rear wheels overcomes the tensile force of the springs spring leaves, thereby preventing ejection core magnet motors wheels back down so that the entire vehicle body is parallel to the downward deflection of the body relative to the road surface.
  • the depth correction deflection of the suspension in the compensation box of centrifugal force is limited by the stiffness of all of the springs spring' suspension.
  • the sum of the electromagnetic forces acting on the coil "r" working engines A, A' and B, B' hang four-wheeled vehicle, compensating the centrifugal force is not greater than the clamping force of rigidity limit all springs spring leaves the body, but it is not less than the force-deflection of the rear spring stiffness of the spring leaves the rear wheels, which at current braking with conventional shock absorber piston rods have to stretch to the bottom.
  • the resulting value of current of induction of all the coils of inductive sensors induced in real time electromotive force relatively small stroke speed cores of the permanent magnets of the inertia forces of the body, converted to voltage by an electronic amplifier power coil operating the linear electric motor acts torque electrodynamic cores magnets assets of all motors in their system of electric coupling.
  • Magnets compress or extend all the springs of the suspension in real time. With increased electromotive force induced voltage is raised higher speedjump magnet core at the ends of the terminal, any of the sensor coils by a relay circuit from the coil sensor disconnected from the electronic amplifier input, and therefore on battery power battery. On the other hand, with a further increase of electromotive force, voltage induction sensor is raised even higher speed jump magnet core at the ends of the terminals of the coil sensor shuts off not only a combination of coil circuit working from the amplifier, but the relay circuit of that coil of the motor, controlled by an increased voltage sensor coil cut him also from battery power battery and cuts off the flow of its own induction current to the other coils enginesin a coupling.
  • relays "Pr and Pc" Electronic invention is a periodic cleavage of the participation of the relay from the supply voltage electric motors in the wheel suspension system of electric coupling by increasing the share of elastic suspension to absorb oscillations.
  • these oscillations being cut are those engines suspension of the wheels of the chassis, which are struck by the bumps and tears on the road, based on the inertia body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine technique de la suspension de carrosserie de véhicule, le ressort de suspension monté utilisant des dispositifs électroniques de puissance pour la commande de suspension active de véhicules appliquée par la participation d'axes linéaires à aimant permanent de moteurs électriques au lieu de tiges de pistons d'amortisseurs hydrauliques. Le concept d'une suspension électrique est connu pour une suspension active de véhicule réalisée par Bose, une entreprise connue pour ses équipements audios. La suspension active réalisée par Bose est effectuée grâce à des techniques de traitement du signal électronique et en utilisant des actionneurs grâce à l'utilisation de moteurs électriques linéaires, alimentés par de l'électricité provenant des ressources du véhicule. L'invention décrite est une extension d'une suspension active de véhicule selon Bose. La présente invention est une représentation fonctionnelle d'un procédé pour des amortisseurs hydrauliques dans le système de suspension de l'accouplement hydraulique selon le brevet 214393, en particulier la représentation des soupapes du facteur de séparation instantané du système d'accouplement où, dans l'exemple de l'invention, des agents de la séparation instantanée avec leurs relais électriques d'accouplement sont des SSR (relais à semi-conducteur) conçus pour couper ou commuter la circulation de courant dans les circuits des enroulements de bobine de moteur de la suspension.
PCT/PL2016/000004 2015-01-30 2016-01-19 Système de commande de relais électroniques dans une suspension active de véhicule WO2016122337A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PLP.411113 2015-01-30
PL411113A PL234671B1 (pl) 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Układ przekaźników elektronicznych w układzie sprzężenia silników elektrycznych zawieszenia pojazdów

Publications (1)

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WO2016122337A1 true WO2016122337A1 (fr) 2016-08-04

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PCT/PL2016/000004 WO2016122337A1 (fr) 2015-01-30 2016-01-19 Système de commande de relais électroniques dans une suspension active de véhicule

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PL (1) PL234671B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016122337A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108790660A (zh) * 2018-07-02 2018-11-13 华南理工大学 一种基于线性电机的主动悬挂结构
US11084349B2 (en) 2019-01-31 2021-08-10 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Leaf spring and actuator control systems and methods
US11993118B1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2024-05-28 Apple Inc. Motion control system with electropermanent magnets

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109334372B (zh) * 2018-10-07 2023-05-12 郑庆华 机动车前轮可正立跳动的独立悬架机构及转向机构

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL214393A2 (fr) 1979-03-26 1980-02-25 Zaklad Prod Remontowy Energety
EP0361670A2 (fr) * 1988-08-31 1990-04-04 Aura Systems, Inc. Actionneur électromagnétique
EP1512559A2 (fr) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-09 Bose Corporation Suspension active pour véhicule avec système de sûreté
KR20090052042A (ko) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-25 현대모비스 주식회사 차량의 능동제어 서스펜션 시스템의 모터구동회로
PL395621A1 (pl) 2011-07-11 2013-01-21 Marek Andrzej Korpus Rotacyjny amortyzator hydrauliczny w ukladzie sprzezenia hydraulicznego
PL395931A1 (pl) 2011-08-11 2013-02-18 Marek Andrzej Korpus System aktywnego poziomowania nadwozia pojazdu, zawieszonego z udzialem amortyzatorów sprzezonych hydraulicznie
PL214393B1 (pl) 2007-07-27 2013-07-31 Marek Andrzej Korpus Układ zaworów zwrotnych w tłoku amortyzatora hydraulicznego
PL398420A1 (pl) 2012-03-12 2013-09-16 Korpus Marek Andrzej Kolumny MacPhersona ze zwrotnicami ukladu kierowniczego, przystosowane do sprzezenia hydraulicznego
PL405871A1 (pl) 2013-10-31 2015-05-11 Korpus Marek Andrzej Sposoby prowadzenia w poziomie i w pionie kół kierowanych pojazdów

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL214393A2 (fr) 1979-03-26 1980-02-25 Zaklad Prod Remontowy Energety
EP0361670A2 (fr) * 1988-08-31 1990-04-04 Aura Systems, Inc. Actionneur électromagnétique
EP1512559A2 (fr) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-09 Bose Corporation Suspension active pour véhicule avec système de sûreté
PL214393B1 (pl) 2007-07-27 2013-07-31 Marek Andrzej Korpus Układ zaworów zwrotnych w tłoku amortyzatora hydraulicznego
KR20090052042A (ko) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-25 현대모비스 주식회사 차량의 능동제어 서스펜션 시스템의 모터구동회로
PL395621A1 (pl) 2011-07-11 2013-01-21 Marek Andrzej Korpus Rotacyjny amortyzator hydrauliczny w ukladzie sprzezenia hydraulicznego
PL395931A1 (pl) 2011-08-11 2013-02-18 Marek Andrzej Korpus System aktywnego poziomowania nadwozia pojazdu, zawieszonego z udzialem amortyzatorów sprzezonych hydraulicznie
PL398420A1 (pl) 2012-03-12 2013-09-16 Korpus Marek Andrzej Kolumny MacPhersona ze zwrotnicami ukladu kierowniczego, przystosowane do sprzezenia hydraulicznego
PL405871A1 (pl) 2013-10-31 2015-05-11 Korpus Marek Andrzej Sposoby prowadzenia w poziomie i w pionie kół kierowanych pojazdów

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11993118B1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2024-05-28 Apple Inc. Motion control system with electropermanent magnets
CN108790660A (zh) * 2018-07-02 2018-11-13 华南理工大学 一种基于线性电机的主动悬挂结构
CN108790660B (zh) * 2018-07-02 2023-09-26 华南理工大学 一种基于线性电机的主动悬挂结构
US11084349B2 (en) 2019-01-31 2021-08-10 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. Leaf spring and actuator control systems and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL234671B1 (pl) 2020-03-31
PL411113A1 (pl) 2016-08-01

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