WO2015132936A1 - 加工プログラムの生成方法、経路生成装置および放電加工機 - Google Patents
加工プログラムの生成方法、経路生成装置および放電加工機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015132936A1 WO2015132936A1 PCT/JP2014/055812 JP2014055812W WO2015132936A1 WO 2015132936 A1 WO2015132936 A1 WO 2015132936A1 JP 2014055812 W JP2014055812 W JP 2014055812W WO 2015132936 A1 WO2015132936 A1 WO 2015132936A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 78
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 121
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 101100328887 Caenorhabditis elegans col-34 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/14—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply
- B23H7/20—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply for programme-control, e.g. adaptive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45221—Edm, electrical discharge machining, electroerosion, ecm, chemical
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machining program generation method, a path generation device, and an electric discharge machine.
- electric discharge machining in which an electric discharge is generated between a workpiece as a workpiece and an electrode to process the workpiece.
- a desired shape can be machined by melting and removing a part of the workpiece.
- wire electric discharge machining is known in which a discharge is generated in the discharge region at the center of the electrode extending linearly and the workpiece is cut by moving the linear electrode relative to the workpiece.
- electric discharge machining is known in which a hole is formed in a workpiece by inserting the rod-shaped electrode into the workpiece while causing discharge at the tip of the rod-shaped electrode using the rod-shaped electrode.
- Such electric discharge machining is suitable for machining a workpiece made of hard material, for example.
- machining is difficult or a very large number of tools are required.
- the electric discharge machining since a part of the workpiece is melted, the workpiece made of a hard material can be easily processed.
- electric discharge machining that uses a rod-shaped electrode to form a hole in a workpiece, it is possible to form a very small diameter hole that is difficult to form by cutting.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-345228 discloses a machining method in which an electrode is moved laterally from an initial position where a tool electrode contacts a workpiece. This publication simulates wear in the longitudinal direction of the rotating electrode before processing, and calculates this wear from a predetermined parameter. Then, it is disclosed that the workpiece is processed without side wear while the tool electrode is advanced.
- electric discharge machining is considered in which machining is performed by moving the electrode laterally with respect to the workpiece from the state in which the end of the rod-shaped electrode is inserted into the workpiece. ing.
- Such electric discharge machining is referred to as generating machining, and not only hole portions but also groove portions, for example, can be formed on the processed surface.
- the rod-shaped electrode In an electric discharge machine that discharges at the end of a rod-shaped electrode, the rod-shaped electrode is supported by an electrode guide.
- the electrode guide is disposed in the vicinity of the end of the rod-shaped electrode for machining the workpiece, and has a function of preventing the electrode from shaking. For example, a state in which an electrode having a certain length protrudes from the electrode guide is maintained.
- the electrode guide when performing creation processing, the electrode guide may be interfered with the workpiece because the electrode guide is disposed at a position close to the machining surface of the workpiece. For example, when the work surface of the workpiece is curved, the electrode guide may interfere with the work surface of the work. Alternatively, depending on the initial shape of the workpiece, the electrode guide may interfere with the workpiece during the machining period. When the electrode guide interferes with the workpiece, there arises a problem that processing is interrupted or the electrode guide is damaged.
- control of the electrode guide when machining the workpiece is not considered, and the electrode guide may interfere with an object such as the workpiece when the workpiece is machined. .
- a method for generating a machining program according to the present invention is a method for generating a machining program for an electric discharge machine that includes an electrode guide that supports a rod-shaped electrode and discharges at an end of an electrode protruding from the electrode guide.
- the electrode path generating step of generating an electrode path in which the electrode moves relative to the workpiece based on the target shape of the workpiece, and the initial shape of the workpiece A guide path generating step for generating an electrode guide path that avoids interference between the electrode guide and the workpiece, and a process for generating a machining program corresponding to the electrode path and the electrode guide path.
- the guide path generation step may include a step of generating an electrode guide path along the surface of the initial shape of the workpiece.
- the guide path generating step generates the first auxiliary path of the electrode guide so that the electrode guide is separated from the surface of the initial shape of the workpiece at a predetermined interval based on the path of the electrode.
- the machining program can be generated by setting the path.
- the electrode path generation step includes a correction step of correcting the consumption amount of the electrode that is consumed by the electric discharge machining, and the correction step is performed with respect to the workpiece in a direction in which the tip of the electrode advances toward the workpiece.
- a step of generating a path for relatively moving the electrodes may be included.
- the electrode path generation step may include a step of generating a path in which the electrode moves relative to the workpiece while maintaining the state where the electrode extends substantially perpendicular to the surface of the target shape of the workpiece.
- the above invention may include a step of displaying the electrode path generated in the electrode path generation process and the electrode guide path generated in the guide path generation process on the display unit to confirm the path.
- a path generation device includes an electrode guide that supports a rod-shaped electrode, and generates a path for an electrode of an electric discharge machine that discharges at an end of an electrode protruding from the electrode guide and a path for the electrode guide
- a shape data reading unit that reads the initial shape of the workpiece before machining and a target shape of the workpiece, and electrode path generation that generates a path of the electrode in which the electrode moves relative to the workpiece based on the target shape of the workpiece.
- a guide path generation unit that generates a path of the electrode guide that avoids interference between the electrode guide and the workpiece based on the initial shape of the workpiece.
- An electric discharge machine of the present invention includes a rod-shaped electrode that discharges between a workpiece, an electrode guide that supports the electrode, a moving device that moves the electrode and the electrode guide relative to the workpiece, and a control that controls the moving device.
- the electric discharge machine is formed to perform electric discharge machining at the end of the electrode protruding from the electrode guide, and the control device relatively moves the electrode while maintaining the state where the electrode is inserted into the workpiece, Machining control is performed to machine the workpiece while changing the amount of electrode cut into the workpiece. Machining control is a path that moves the electrode relative to the workpiece along the path along the surface of the target shape of the workpiece, and avoids interference between the electrode guide and the workpiece independently of the electrode path.
- the control includes moving the electrode guide relative to the workpiece.
- the present invention it is possible to avoid the electrode guide from interfering with an object such as a workpiece during the workpiece machining period, and to make the electrode guide as close as possible to the workpiece so that high-precision creation can be performed at a high machining speed. It is possible to provide a machining program generation method, a path generation device, and an electric discharge machine capable of performing the above.
- a machining program generation method, a path generation device, and an electric discharge machine according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a machining system according to the present embodiment.
- the machining system according to the present embodiment includes a CAD (Computer Aided Design) device 40, a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) device 50, and an electric discharge machine 30.
- the CAM device 50 corresponds to a route generation device.
- the target shape of the workpiece can be created by the CAD device 40.
- the workpiece target shape data D ⁇ b> 1 generated by the CAD device 40 is input to the CAM device 50.
- the CAM device 50 generates a machining program P1 for the electric discharge machine 30 based on the initial shape of the workpiece before machining and the target shape of the workpiece.
- the CAM device 50 generates a machining program P1 corresponding to an electrode path and an electrode guide path when machining the workpiece by the electric discharge machine 30.
- the electrode path in the present embodiment is a relative path of the electrode to the workpiece.
- the path of the electrode guide is a relative path of the electrode guide with respect to the workpiece.
- the CAM device 50 includes a shape data reading unit 51 and a route generation unit 52.
- the shape data reading unit 51 reads the target shape data D ⁇ b> 1 generated by the CAD device 40. Also, the initial shape data of the workpiece before machining is read. The initial shape data of the workpiece before machining can be input by the input unit 56. Alternatively, the initial shape data of the workpiece may be included in the target shape data D1.
- the path generator 52 generates an electrode path and an electrode guide path different from the electrode path.
- the path of the electrode guide may include a path that does not extend parallel to the path of the electrode.
- the path of the electrode can be generated as a trajectory through which the electrode center point at the tip of the electrode passes. For example, a circular center at the tip of a cylindrical electrode can be used as the electrode center point.
- the path of the electrode guide can be generated as a trajectory through the guide center point at the tip of the electrode guide.
- the path generation unit 52 generates an electrode path and an electrode guide path based on the target shape data D1, the initial shape data of the workpiece, the electrode shape data, and the like.
- the program generation unit 59 generates a machining program P1 corresponding to the route generated by the route generation unit 52.
- the machining program P1 generated by the CAM device 50 is input to the electric discharge machine 30.
- the electric discharge machine 30 includes a numerical control device 31 and each axis drive unit 32.
- the numerical control device 31 functions as a control device for the electric discharge machine 30.
- Each axis drive unit 32 functions as a moving device that moves the electrode and the electrode guide relative to the workpiece.
- the numerical control device 31 reads and interprets the machining program P1.
- the numerical control device 31 sends an operation command to each axis drive unit 32 based on the machining program P1 and performs servo control of electric discharge machining.
- each axis drive part 32 drives according to servo control, and an electrode and an electrode guide move relatively to a work.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the electric discharge machine in the present embodiment.
- the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis that are orthogonal to each other are defined as machine coordinates.
- the X-axis direction may be referred to as the left-right direction
- the Y-axis direction may be referred to as the front-rear direction
- the Z-axis direction may be referred to as the up-down direction.
- a column 2 is erected at the rear of the bed 1 as a base.
- An X slider 3 is supported on the upper surface of the column 2 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction.
- a ram 4 is supported on the upper surface of the X slider 3 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction.
- a spindle head 5 is supported on the front surface of the ram 4 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction.
- the tip of the rotary spindle 6 protrudes from the bottom surface of the spindle head 5.
- An electrode holder 7 is attached to the lower part of the rotation main shaft 6.
- An electrode guide 8 is disposed below the electrode holder 7. Between the electrode holder 7 and the electrode guide 8, the electrode 10 is disposed along the vertical axis CL ⁇ b> 0 passing through the centers of the electrode holder 7 and the electrode guide 8.
- the electrode guide 8 is held by the lower end of the holding arm 9.
- the gripping arm 9 is supported by a bracket 4 a provided on the side surface of the ram 4 so as to be movable in the vertical direction.
- the vertical movement axis of the gripping arm 9 is referred to as the W axis. In this embodiment, the W axis is parallel to the Z axis.
- the electrode 10 is formed in a rod shape.
- the electrode 10 of the present embodiment is a cylindrical pipe electrode.
- the upper end of the electrode 10 is held by the electrode holder 7.
- the lower end of the electrode 10 is supported by the electrode guide 8.
- the electrode 10 penetrates the electrode guide 8 in the vertical direction.
- the electrode guide 8 is formed such that the electrode 10 slides in the vertical direction inside the electrode guide 8.
- the electrode 10 is restrained from shaking in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction by the electrode guide 8.
- An end portion of the electrode 10 protruding from the electrode guide 8 becomes a processed portion where electric discharge occurs. That is, electric discharge machining is performed at one end of the electrode 10 facing the workpiece 20.
- the machining liquid such as water is supplied into the electrode 10 and the machining liquid is sprayed from the lower end of the electrode 10.
- oil can also be used for a processing liquid.
- the type of machining fluid and the material of the electrode 10 are changed according to the type of workpiece and machining.
- the electrode 10 is not limited to a cylindrical pipe electrode, and a solid electrode can be used.
- a table 11 is arranged on the upper surface of the bed 1 in front of the column 2.
- An inclined rotation table device 12 is mounted on the upper surface of the table 11.
- the inclined rotary table device 12 includes a pair of support members 13 disposed on the upper surface of the table 11. Between the pair of support members 13, there is disposed an inclined member 14 supported so as to be pivotable in the B-axis direction around the pivot axis CLb extending in the Y-axis direction. On the end surface of the inclined member 14, there is disposed a turntable 15 supported so as to be rotatable in the A-axis direction around a rotation axis CLa perpendicular to the turning axis CLb.
- the work 20 is fixed to the rotary table 15.
- a processing tank 17 is provided around the table 11 so as to surround the entire table 11 and the inclined rotary table device 12.
- the processing tank 17 is formed to be movable in the vertical direction.
- the processing tank 17 rises as shown by a one-dot chain line.
- the processing tank 17 descends as shown by the solid line.
- Each axis drive unit 32 of the electric discharge machine 30 includes an X-axis drive unit that moves the X slider 3 in the left-right direction with respect to the column 2, and a Y-axis drive unit that moves the ram 4 in the front-rear direction with respect to the X slider 3. And a Z-axis drive unit that moves the spindle head 5 in the vertical direction with respect to the ram 4.
- Each shaft drive unit 32 includes a main shaft drive unit that rotates the rotation main shaft 6 around the axis line CL0, a B-axis drive unit that rotates the inclined member 14 around the turning axis CLb, and a rotary table around the rotation axis CLa.
- an A-axis drive unit that rotates the A15.
- Each axis drive unit 32 includes an arm drive unit that moves the gripping arm 9 in the vertical direction.
- the electrode 10 is formed to be movable relative to the workpiece 20 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction.
- the electrode 10 is formed so as to be movable relative to the workpiece 20 in the B-axis direction and the A-axis direction. Further, the distance between the electrode guide 8 and the surface of the workpiece 20 can be adjusted by the movement of the gripping arm 9 by the arm driving unit. Further, during the electric discharge machining, the electrode 10 can be rotated by rotating the rotary spindle 6. Further, as the electrode 10 is consumed, the spindle head 5 approaches the workpiece 20 by the Z-axis drive unit, and the tip of the electrode 10 can be arranged in a desired path.
- a position detector 21 such as a linear scale that detects the vertical Z-axis position of the spindle head 5 is provided on the front surface of the ram 4. Based on a signal from the position detector 21, the position of the lower end portion of the electrode holder 7, that is, the position of the upper end portion of the electrode 10 can be detected.
- the bracket 4 a of the grip arm 9 is provided with a position detector 22 that detects the position of the grip arm 9 in the W-axis direction with respect to the ram 4.
- the position of the electrode guide 8 relative to the ram 4 can be detected by a signal from the position detector 22.
- the distance D between the lower end portion of the electrode holder 7 and the upper end portion of the electrode guide 8 can be calculated from the signals output from these position detectors 21 and 22. When the distance D becomes less than the determination value during the machining period, the approaching movement is stopped, thereby preventing the electrode holder 7 and the electrode guide 8 from contacting each other.
- the vertical position of the processing tank 17 is controlled so as to change the height of the liquid level of the processing liquid according to the height of the electrode guide 8.
- any material that can be subjected to electric discharge machining can be selected.
- a work having high heat resistance and difficult to cut is suitable.
- a nickel alloy workpiece having high heat resistance can be used.
- creation processing is performed in which the electrode is moved laterally with respect to the workpiece from the state in which the end portion of the electrode is inserted into the workpiece.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the workpiece after the workpiece has been processed to the target shape.
- the workpiece 20 before being processed has a processed surface 20a formed on a rectangular parallelepiped member.
- the processing surface 20a is a curved surface and is curved.
- the groove 80 is formed on the machining surface 20a.
- the groove 80 extends along the longitudinal direction of the workpiece 20 as indicated by an arrow 91.
- the groove 80 is formed such that the depth of one end of the groove 80 is deeper than the depth of the other end.
- electric discharge machining is performed while gradually changing the depth of machining by the electric discharge machine 30. That is, electric discharge machining is performed while changing the depth of cut of the electrode 10 relative to the workpiece 20.
- the inclination of the workpiece 20 is adjusted so that the bottom surface and the top surface 20b of the workpiece 20 are parallel to the X axis and the Y axis. That is, the rotation angles in the A axis direction and the B axis direction are adjusted.
- the end of the electrode 10 is inserted into the workpiece 20 while discharging at one end of the region where the groove 80 is to be formed.
- the electrode 10 is moved relative to the workpiece 20 while maintaining the state where the end of the electrode 10 is inserted into the workpiece 20.
- the electrode 10 is moved relative to the workpiece 20 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction to form a narrow groove. As shown by an arrow 91, electric discharge machining is performed along the longitudinal direction of the machining surface 20a.
- a linear groove portion can be formed by one electric discharge machining.
- the electrode is moved by a predetermined movement amount in the Y-axis direction.
- the predetermined movement amount can be set to a movement amount corresponding to the diameter of the electrode 10, for example.
- variety of a groove part can be enlarged by implementing the same electric discharge machining.
- the wide groove part 80 can be formed by repeating the electrical discharge machining for forming the linear groove part a plurality of times at predetermined intervals.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of the tip of the electrode guide, the electrode, and the workpiece.
- a target-shaped surface 81 is shown relative to the initial-shaped surface 82 of the workpiece 20.
- the surface 81 corresponds to the bottom surface of the groove 80 to be formed.
- An electrode 10 protrudes from the electrode guide 8 with a protrusion length L.
- the electrode guide 8 is disposed at a distance d from the surface 82 of the workpiece 20.
- the amount of cut of the electrode 10 into the workpiece 20 is indicated by the length (Ld).
- the electrode 10 moves relative to the workpiece 20 in a direction other than the direction in which the electrode 10 extends.
- the workpiece 10 is processed while moving the electrode 10 and the electrode guide 8 to the side.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic side view of the workpiece, the electrode guide, and the electrode while the workpiece is being processed.
- the depth of groove 80 changes along the direction in which groove 80 extends.
- the distance d between the electrode guide 8 and the machining surface 20a of the workpiece 20 is kept constant. Therefore, the cut amount of the electrode 10 with respect to the workpiece 20 changes along the processing direction in which the groove 80 extends. For this reason, the protruding lengths L1 and L2 of the electrode 10 change according to the depth of the surface 81 of the target shape.
- the electric discharge machine 30 performs machining control for machining the workpiece 20 while changing the cutting depth of the electrode 10 with respect to the workpiece 20.
- the electrode 10 is moved relative to the workpiece 20 along a path along the surface 81 of the target shape of the workpiece 20.
- the electrode guide 8 is moved relative to the workpiece 20 along a path that avoids interference between the electrode guide 8 and the workpiece 20.
- the electrode path is a path through which the electrode center point 10a of the electrode 10 passes.
- the electrode path is indicated by arrow 101.
- the path of the electrode guide is a path through which the guide center point 8a passes.
- the path of the electrode guide is indicated by arrow 102.
- the path of the electrodes extends in parallel along the surface 81 of the target shape. Further, the path of the electrode guide extends along the surface 82 of the initial shape before the workpiece 20 is processed as indicated by an arrow 102.
- the numerical controller 31 of the electric discharge machine 30 moves the electrode 10 based on the path of the electrode.
- the electrode center point 10 a moves along the electrode path indicated by the arrow 101.
- the numerical controller 31 of the electric discharge machine 30 moves the electrode guide 8 based on the path of the electrode guide.
- the guide center point 8 a moves along the path of the electrode guide indicated by the arrow 102.
- the electrode 10 moves relative to the workpiece 20 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
- the electrode guide 8 moves relative to the workpiece 20 in the X-axis direction and the W-axis direction.
- the electrode 10 is moved relative to the workpiece 20 along a path along the surface 81 of the target shape of the workpiece 20.
- the electrode guide 8 is moved relative to the workpiece 20 along a path that avoids interference between the electrode guide 8 and the workpiece 20.
- the relative movement of the electrode guide 8 is performed along the path of the electrode guide that extends in a direction different from the path of the electrode without being parallel to the path of the electrode. That is, the W-axis operation of the electrode guide 8 is performed independently of the Z-axis operation of the electrode 10. For this reason, even if the workpiece is processed while changing the cutting depth of the electrode 10 with respect to the workpiece 20, interference of the electrode guide 8 with the workpiece 20 can be avoided.
- a method for generating a machining program for performing such machining control will be described.
- an electrode guide path different from the electrode path is generated, and a machining program for the electric discharge machine 30 that performs machining in the electrode path and the electrode guide path is generated. .
- the path generation unit 52 of the CAM device 50 includes an electrode path generation unit 53 that generates an electrode path and a guide path generation unit 54 that generates an electrode guide path.
- the path generation unit 52 includes an electrode consumption correction unit 55 that corrects the consumption of the electrode 10.
- the CAM device 50 includes an input unit 56 that allows a desired input to the route generation unit 52 and the shape data reading unit 51.
- the CAM device 50 has a function of displaying a three-dimensional model image on the display unit 58 so that the user can visually confirm the route generated by the route generation unit 52.
- the display control unit 57 displays a three-dimensional model image on the display unit 58 based on the route generated by the route generation unit 52.
- Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of the machining program generation method.
- the reading process which reads the initial shape of the workpiece
- step 111 three-dimensional data is read.
- the shape data reading unit 51 reads the target shape data D ⁇ b> 1 generated by the CAD device 40.
- the initial shape of the workpiece can be input from the input unit 56 to the shape data reading unit 51, for example.
- the initial shape data of the workpiece may be included in the target shape data D1.
- an electrode path generation process for generating electrode paths is performed.
- the electrode path generation unit 53 of the path generation unit 52 generates an electrode path based on the target shape of the workpiece 20. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, in the first electric discharge machining, an electrode path indicated by an arrow 101 along a target-shaped surface 81 is generated.
- the path of the electrode here has a section extending in a direction inclined or orthogonal to the Z-axis direction in which the electrode 10 extends. In the present embodiment, an electrode path in which the electrode moves relative to the workpiece in a direction other than the direction in which the electrode 10 extends is generated.
- a guide path generation step of generating an electrode guide path is performed.
- the guide path generation unit 54 of the path generation unit 52 generates a path that avoids interference between the electrode guide 8 and the work 20 based on the initial shape of the work 20.
- an electrode guide path that is parallel to surface 82 of workpiece 20 before machining is generated.
- an electrode guide path is generated at a position spaced apart from the surface 82 of the initial shape of the workpiece 20 by a distance d.
- the interval d is preset.
- Such an electrode path and an electrode guide path can be generated by modeling three-dimensional data of an electric discharge machine, an electrode, an electrode guide, a workpiece, etc., and analyzing the movement of each modeled part.
- each model can be generated based on the target shape data D1 output from the CAD device 40, the initial shape data of the workpiece, the three-dimensional data of the electric discharge machine, and the like.
- step 114 a correction process for correcting the consumption amount of the electrode that is consumed with the electric discharge machining is performed.
- correction is performed in which the electrode center point 10a is advanced toward the workpiece 20 when it is assumed that the electrode 10 is not consumed.
- the spindle head 5 is moved excessively in the negative direction of the Z axis from the position set by the path of the electrodes.
- the feed amount that compensates for the wear of the electrode 10 can be set to a predetermined value in advance based on the material of the workpiece 20, the cutting amount, the type of the electrode 10, and the like.
- the correction for electrode consumption may be performed in the process of generating a machining program in the program generation unit 59 in step 119 without performing the correction in this process.
- the X axis, Y axis and Z axis linear motion axes, A axis and B axis rotation axes, etc., are moved based on the generated electrode path, electrode guide path, and electrode wear correction amount.
- the movement of the axis is determined. Further, the movement of the W axis for moving the grip arm 9 is determined.
- step 115 the result of the three-dimensional simulation of the electric discharge machine is displayed based on the generated electrode path, electrode guide path, and wear correction amount.
- the display control unit 57 generates a three-dimensional simulation image based on the electrode path, the electrode guide path, and the wear correction amount.
- a simulation image can be generated by modeling three-dimensional data of an electric discharge machine, an electrode, an electrode guide, and a workpiece.
- the display part 58 displays the image of the result of simulation.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a simulation result image displayed on the display unit.
- the simulation image 88 for example, the main part of the part to be processed is displayed. Further, the position of each part such as an electrode can be enlarged and confirmed in accordance with the progress of processing.
- step 116 the user checks the simulation image 88 to check whether there is any defect in the electrode path and the electrode guide path. For example, it is determined whether or not the electrode guide 8 interferes with an object such as the workpiece 20. If there is a defect in the generated electrode path or electrode guide path in step 116, the process proceeds to step 117.
- step 117 correction items for the electrode path or electrode guide path are input.
- the route correction items can be input to the input unit 56 (see FIG. 1).
- step 118 the route is corrected based on the correction items. After this, the process returns to step 115. Thus, steps 115 to 118 are repeated until the generated electrode path and electrode guide path need not be corrected. If there is no defect in the generated electrode path and electrode guide path in step 116, the process proceeds to step 119.
- step 119 a program generation process for generating a machining program is performed.
- the machining program P ⁇ b> 1 is generated by the program generation unit 59.
- the program generation unit 59 generates the machining program P1 based on the electrode path, the electrode guide path, and the wear correction amount.
- the machining program P1 generated in the present embodiment includes information on the relative position of the electrode guide 8 with respect to the workpiece 20 in addition to information on the relative position of the electrode 10 with respect to the workpiece 20.
- movement information in the W-axis direction for changing the position of the electrode guide 8 is set.
- the machining program P1 includes a command for an arm driving unit that moves the gripping arm 9 in the W-axis direction.
- the electrode guide path is set separately from the electrode path. Therefore, it is possible to generate a machining program that can prevent the electrode guide 8 from interfering with an object such as a workpiece during the machining period of the workpiece 20. Further, the path generation device can generate a path that can avoid the electrode guide 8 from interfering with an object such as a workpiece.
- the guide path generation step includes a step of generating an electrode guide path along the surface of the initial shape of the workpiece 20.
- the path of the electrode guide can be easily generated.
- the method of generating the electrode guide path is not limited to this mode, and a path that avoids interference between the electrode guide 8 and the object such as the workpiece 20 may be generated.
- the electrode path generation step includes a correction step for correcting the consumption amount of the electrode 10 that is consumed along with the electric discharge machining.
- a correction step for correcting the consumption amount of the electrode 10 that is consumed along with the electric discharge machining.
- the second electric discharge machining method of the present embodiment will be described.
- machining is performed while maintaining the inclination of the workpiece 20 constant with respect to the direction in which the electrode 10 extends.
- machining is performed while changing the inclination of the workpiece 20 with respect to the extending direction of the electrode 10.
- electric discharge machining is performed while maintaining the state in which the electrode 10 extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the target shape of the workpiece 20.
- the bottom surface of groove 80 is curved.
- a state in which the bottom surface of the groove 80 to be generated and the extending direction of the electrode 10 are substantially perpendicular is maintained.
- machining is performed while the inclined member 14 is rotated in the B-axis direction along with the formation of the groove 80.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic side view of the tip of the electrode guide, the electrode, and the workpiece for explaining the second electric discharge machining method.
- the target-shaped surface 81 of the workpiece 20 is inclined with respect to the initial-shaped surface 82.
- the electrode 10 can be disposed so that the extending direction of the electrode 10 is substantially perpendicular to the target-shaped surface 81.
- the electrode 10 when performing this processing, for example, the electrode 10 is moved in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and the workpiece 20 is inclined in the B-axis direction as indicated by an arrow 92. It can be implemented by changing.
- the electrode path can be set to a path substantially parallel to the target-shaped surface 81 as indicated by an arrow 101.
- the electrode guide path is set such that the electrode guide 8 is separated from the surface 82 of the initial shape by a distance d.
- the distance d is the distance between the tip of the electrode guide 8 and the surface 82 of the workpiece 20.
- the part closest to the surface 82 of the workpiece 20 changes as the workpiece 20 tilts.
- the side end of the electrode guide 8 is closest to the surface 82 of the workpiece 20.
- the part where the electrode guide 8 is closest to the surface 82 of the workpiece 20 can also be specified by the analysis of the three-dimensional model.
- the electrode guide path can be generated by moving the electrode guide 8 away from the work 20 in the W-axis direction so that the distance d between the electrode guide 8 and the work 20 is the distance d.
- the path of the electrode guide extends as the distance from the surface 82 changes without being parallel to the path of the electrode, as indicated by the arrow 102.
- a machining program for carrying out the second electric discharge machining method can be generated by a method similar to the machining program of the first electric discharge machining method (see FIG. 6). In the method for generating the machining program of the second electric discharge machining method, a machining program that improves the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be generated.
- machining is performed while changing the rotation angle in the B-axis direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this mode, and is applicable to machining that changes the rotation angle in the A-axis direction according to the target shape of the workpiece. can do.
- the third electric discharge machining method of the present embodiment will be described.
- the step of generating the electrode guide path is different from the first electric discharge machining method and the second electric discharge machining method.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional view of the initial state of the third electric discharge machining method of the present embodiment.
- a groove 83 is previously formed in the workpiece 20. That is, the groove part 83 is formed in the initial shape of the workpiece 20.
- the groove 80 is formed inside the groove 83.
- the width of one end of the groove 83 formed in advance is wider than the width of the electrode guide 8. For this reason, at the initial stage of the electric discharge machining, the electrode guide 8 can be disposed inside the groove 83 for machining.
- the distance d between the electrode guide 8 and the surface 82 of the initial shape of the workpiece 20 is preferably short. By shortening the distance d, it is possible to suppress the deflection of the electrode 10 and improve the processing speed and processing accuracy.
- the interval d is controlled to be a predetermined value. For example, in order to suppress the deflection of the electrode 10, the control is performed with the minimum distance d. For this reason, the protrusion length L3 of the electrode 10 is also controlled to be a minimum value.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the final state of the third electric discharge machining method of the present embodiment.
- the groove 83 has a shape in which the width gradually decreases along the direction in which the groove 83 extends. In the final stage of electric discharge machining, the width of the groove 83 is smaller than the width of the electrode guide 8.
- FIG. 10 shows the electrode guide 8 arranged so that the distance d is minimized by a one-dot chain line.
- the electrode guide 8 interferes with the wall surface of the groove 83.
- the electrode guide 8 is pulled out in the extending direction of the electrode 10, that is, in the W-axis direction.
- the path of the electrode guide 8 is set so that the minimum distance in the Z-axis direction between the workpiece 20 and the electrode guide 8 is the distance d.
- an electrode path generation step for setting an electrode path is first performed.
- the first auxiliary path of the electrode guide 8 is generated so that the electrode guide 8 moves away from the surface 82 of the initial shape of the workpiece 20 at a predetermined interval d based on the path of the electrode.
- the first auxiliary route is generated so as to move while maintaining the minimum distance d.
- a determination step is performed for determining whether or not the electrode guide 8 interferes with the workpiece 20 around the first auxiliary path when the electrode guide 8 moves on the first auxiliary path.
- a second auxiliary path is generated in which the electrode guide 8 is moved away from the workpiece 20 until interference with the workpiece 20 is avoided.
- a machining program is generated based on the electrode path and the second auxiliary path of the electrode guide.
- FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of another machining program generation method of the present embodiment. Steps 111 and 112 are the same as the machining program generation method shown in FIG. After the electrode path is generated in step 112, a guide path generation step of generating an electrode guide path is performed.
- the guide path can be generated by the guide path generator 54 (see FIG. 1).
- a first auxiliary path of the electrode guide 8 is generated.
- the first auxiliary path can be generated based on the path of the electrode.
- a minimum distance d from the surface 82 of the workpiece 20 can be maintained, and a path parallel to the electrode path can be generated.
- step 122 a determination process for determining whether or not interference occurs in the electrode guide 8 is performed.
- the object that may interfere with the electrode guide 8 around the first auxiliary path is not limited to the workpiece 20, and any object such as a part of the electric discharge machine 30 can be adopted.
- step 122 If it is determined in step 122 that no interference occurs in the electrode guide 8, the process proceeds to step 123.
- the first auxiliary path is set as the path of the electrode guide. If it is determined in step 122 that interference occurs in the electrode guide 8, the process proceeds to step 124.
- the first auxiliary route is corrected to generate a second auxiliary route.
- the electrode guide 8 is pulled out to a position where the electrode guide 8 and the workpiece 20 do not interfere with each other in a section where the interference occurs in the electrode guide 8.
- the first auxiliary path of the electrode guide 8 is moved in the W-axis direction. Then, a second auxiliary path that does not cause interference with the workpiece 20 is generated.
- the second auxiliary path is set as an electrode guide path.
- the subsequent steps 114 to 119 are the same as the machining program generation method shown in FIG.
- the electrode guide In another machining program generation method of the present embodiment, it is determined whether or not the electrode guide interferes with an object such as a workpiece. For this reason, it is possible to reliably avoid the interference of the electrode guide.
- the distance between the surface of the initial shape of the workpiece and the electrode guide can be set to be short according to the shape of the machining part of the workpiece, and the deflection of the electrode can be reduced. It is suppressed and the processing speed and processing accuracy are improved.
- the route generation device of the present embodiment is included in the CAM device, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the route generation device may be arranged in another device such as an electric discharge machine.
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Abstract
Description
9 把持アーム
10 電極
12 傾斜回転テーブル装置
20 ワーク
30 放電加工機
31 数値制御装置
32 各軸駆動部
50 CAM装置
51 形状データ読取り部
52 経路生成部
53 電極経路生成部
54 ガイド経路生成部
55 電極消耗補正部
56 入力部
58 表示部
59 プログラム生成部
80,83 溝部
Claims (8)
- 棒状の電極を支持する電極ガイドを備え、電極ガイドから突出する電極の端部にて放電する放電加工機の加工プログラムの生成方法であって、
加工前のワークの初期形状およびワークの目標形状を読み取る読取り工程と、
ワークの目標形状に基づいて、ワークに対して電極が相対移動する電極の経路を生成する電極経路生成工程と、
ワークの初期形状に基づいて、電極ガイドとワークとの干渉を回避した電極ガイドの経路を生成するガイド経路生成工程と、
前記電極の経路および前記電極ガイドの経路に応じた加工プログラムを生成する工程とを含む、加工プログラムの生成方法。 - ガイド経路生成工程は、ワークの初期形状の表面に沿った前記電極ガイドの経路を生成する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の加工プログラムの生成方法。
- ガイド経路生成工程は、前記電極の経路に基づいて電極ガイドが予め定められた間隔にてワークの初期形状の表面から離れるように電極ガイドの第1の補助経路を生成する工程と、
第1の補助経路にて電極ガイドが移動したときに第1の補助経路の周りの対象物に電極ガイドが干渉するか否かを判別する判別工程と、
判別工程にて電極ガイドが対象物に干渉すると判別される場合に、対象物との干渉を回避するまで電極ガイドを対象物から遠ざけた電極ガイドの第2の補助経路を生成する工程とを含み、
第2の補助経路を前記電極ガイドの経路に設定して加工プログラムを生成する、請求項1に記載の加工プログラムの生成方法。 - 電極経路生成工程は、放電加工に伴って消耗する電極の消耗量を補正する補正工程を含み、
補正工程は、電極の先端がワークに向かって進行する向きにワークに対して電極を相対移動する経路を生成する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の加工プログラムの生成方法。 - 電極経路生成工程は、ワークの目標形状の表面に対してほぼ垂直に電極が延びる状態を維持しながら電極がワークに対して相対移動する経路を生成する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の加工プログラムの生成方法。
- 電極経路生成工程にて生成された前記電極の経路およびガイド経路生成工程にて生成された前記電極ガイドの経路を表示部に表示して経路を確認する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の加工プログラムの生成方法。
- 棒状の電極を支持する電極ガイドを備え、電極ガイドから突出する電極の端部にて放電する放電加工機の電極の経路および電極ガイドの経路を生成する経路生成装置であって、
加工前のワークの初期形状およびワークの目標形状を読み取る形状データ読取り部と、
ワークの目標形状に基づいて、ワークに対して電極が相対移動する電極の経路を生成する電極経路生成部と、
ワークの初期形状に基づいて、電極ガイドとワークとの干渉を回避した電極ガイドの経路を生成するガイド経路生成部とを備える、経路生成装置。 - ワークとの間で放電する棒状の電極と、
電極を支持する電極ガイドと、
ワークに対して電極および電極ガイドを相対移動させる移動装置と、
移動装置を制御する制御装置とを備え、
電極ガイドから突出する電極の端部にて放電加工を行うように形成されており、
制御装置は、ワークに電極を挿入した状態を維持しながら電極を相対移動させ、更に、ワークに対する電極の切込み量を変化させながらワークを加工する加工制御を実施し、
加工制御は、ワークの目標形状の表面に沿った経路にて、ワークに対して電極を相対的に移動させ、電極の経路と独立して電極ガイドとワークとの干渉を回避した経路にて、ワークに対して電極ガイドを相対的に移動させる制御を含む、放電加工機。
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CN201480076792.9A CN106068168B (zh) | 2014-03-06 | 2014-03-06 | 加工程序的生成方法、路径生成装置以及放电加工机 |
PCT/JP2014/055812 WO2015132936A1 (ja) | 2014-03-06 | 2014-03-06 | 加工プログラムの生成方法、経路生成装置および放電加工機 |
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