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WO2015039348A1 - Composés hétérocycliques tétracycliques utiles comme inhibiteurs de l'intégrase du vih - Google Patents

Composés hétérocycliques tétracycliques utiles comme inhibiteurs de l'intégrase du vih Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015039348A1
WO2015039348A1 PCT/CN2013/083998 CN2013083998W WO2015039348A1 WO 2015039348 A1 WO2015039348 A1 WO 2015039348A1 CN 2013083998 W CN2013083998 W CN 2013083998W WO 2015039348 A1 WO2015039348 A1 WO 2015039348A1
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Prior art keywords
compound
alkyl
group
hiv
compounds
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PCT/CN2013/083998
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English (en)
Inventor
Santhosh F. NEELAMKAVIL
Abbas WALJI
Christine Ng Di MARCO
Paul Coleman
John Wai
Izzat T. Raheem
Lihong Hu
Xuanjia Peng
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Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
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Priority to PCT/CN2013/083998 priority Critical patent/WO2015039348A1/fr
Publication of WO2015039348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015039348A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4402—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 2, e.g. pheniramine, bisacodyl
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/513—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cytosine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/553—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. loxapine, staurosporine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/63—Compounds containing para-N-benzenesulfonyl-N-groups, e.g. sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide
    • A61K31/635—Compounds containing para-N-benzenesulfonyl-N-groups, e.g. sulfanilamide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide having a heterocyclic ring, e.g. sulfadiazine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds, compositions comprising at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound, and methods of using the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • a retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus is the strains known as HIV type-1 (HIV-1) virus and type-2 (HIV-2) virus, is the etiological agent of the complex disease that includes progressive destruction of the immune system (acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS) and degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system.
  • HIV human immunodeficiency virus
  • a common feature of retrovirus replication is the insertion by virally-encoded integrase of +proviral DNA into the host cell genome, a required step in HIV replication in human T- lymphoid and monocytoid cells.
  • Integration is believed to be mediated by integrase in three steps: assembly of a stable nucleoprotein complex with viral DNA sequences; cleavage of two nucleotides from the 3' termini of the linear proviral DNA; covalent joining of the recessed 3' OH termini of the proviral DNA at a staggered cut made at the host target site.
  • the fourth step in the process, repair synthesis of the resultant gap may be accomplished by cellular enzymes.
  • Nucleotide sequencing of HIV shows the presence of a pol gene in one open reading frame [Ratner, L. et al, Nature, 313, 277(1985)]. Amino acid sequence homology provides evidence that the pol sequence encodes reverse transcriptase, integrase and an HIV protease [Toh, H. et al, EMBO J. 4, 1267 (1985); Power, M.D. et al, Science, 231, 1567 (1986); Pearl, L.H. et al, Nature, 329, 351 (1987)]. All three enzymes have been shown to be essential for the replication of HIV.
  • antiviral compounds which act as inhibitors of HIV replication are effective agents in the treatment of AIDS and similar diseases, including reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as azidothymidine (AZT) and efavirenz and protease inhibitors such as indinavir and nelfmavir.
  • reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as azidothymidine (AZT) and efavirenz
  • protease inhibitors such as indinavir and nelfmavir.
  • the compounds of this invention are inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication.
  • Muraglia et al, J. Med. Chem. 2008, 5J_: 861-874 discloses the design and synthesis of bicyclic pyrimidinones as potent and orally bioavailable HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.
  • US2004/229909 discloses certain compounds having integrase inhibitory activity.
  • US 7279487 discloses certain hydroxynaphthyridinone carboxamides that are useful as HIV integrase inhibitors.
  • US 7135467 and US 7037908 disclose certain pyrimidine carboxamides that are useful as HIV integrase inhibitors.
  • US 7211572 discloses certain nitrogenous condensed ring compounds that are HIV integrase inhibitors.
  • US 7414045 discloses certain tetrahydro-4H-pyrido[l,2-a]pyrimidine carboxamides, hexahydropyrimido[l,2-o]azepine carboxamides, and related compounds that are useful as HIV integrase inhibitors.
  • WO 2006/103399 discloses certain tetrahydro-4H-pyrimidooxazepine carboaxmides, tetrahydropyrazinopyrimidine carboxamides, hexahydropyrimidodiazepine carboxamides, and related compounds that are useful as HIV integrase inhibitors.
  • US 2007/0142635 discloses processes for preparing hexahydropyrimido[l,2- a]azepine-2-carboxylates and related compounds.
  • US 2007/0149556 discloses certain hydroxypyrimidinone derivatives having HIV integrase inhibitory activity.
  • US 2007/0111984 discloses a series of bicyclic pyrimidinone compounds useful as HIV integrase inhibitors.
  • the present invention provides Compounds of Formula (I)
  • X is O, -CH(R 4 )- or -N(R 5 )-;
  • Y is O, -N(R 6 )- or C C 3 alkylene
  • Z is a single bond or -C(R 7 )-;
  • R 1 represents up to 5 optional phenyl group substituents, each independently selected from Ci-C 6 alkyl, -0-(Ci-C 6 alkyl) and halo;
  • R 2 is H
  • R 3 is selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 haloalkyl, -OR 6 and -N(R 6 ) 2 ;
  • each occurrence of R 3a is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 haloalkyl, -OR 6 and -N(R 6 ) 2 ;
  • R 4 is H or Ci-C 6 alkyl or -0-(Ci-C 6 alkyl);
  • R 5 is selected from H, C C 6 alkyl and -C(0)R 8 and -S0 2 R 8 ;
  • each occurrence of R 6 is independently H or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 7 is selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl and -0-(Ci-C 6 alkyl);
  • each occurrence of R 8 is Ci-C 6 alkyl or NR 6 ;
  • n 0, 1 or 2;
  • n 1, 2 or 3, such that the sum of m+ n is 2 or 3.
  • the Compounds of Formula (I) (also referred to herein as the "Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds") and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof can be useful, for example, for inhibiting HIV viral replication or replicon activity, and for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds inhibit HIV viral replication by inhibiting HIV Integrase. Accordingly, the present invention provides methods for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound.
  • the present invention includes Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds, compositions comprising at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound, and methods of using the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • a “subject” is a human or non-human mammal.
  • a subject is a human.
  • a subject is a primate.
  • a subject is a monkey.
  • a subject is a chimpanzee.
  • a subject is a rhesus monkey.
  • an effective amount refers to an amount of Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and/or an additional therapeutic agent, or a composition thereof that is effective in producing the desired therapeutic, ameliorative, inhibitory or preventative effect when administered to a subject suffering from HIV infection or AIDS.
  • an effective amount can refer to each individual agent or to the combination as a whole, wherein the amounts of all agents administered are together effective, but wherein the component agent of the combination may not be present individually in an effective amount.
  • AIDS refers to reducing the likelihood or severity of HIV infection or AIDS.
  • alkyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having one of its hydrogen atoms replaced with a bond.
  • An alkyl group may be straight or branched and contain from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an alkyl group contains from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. In different embodiments, an alkyl group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (Ci-C 6 alkyl) or from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms (C 1 -C4 alkyl).
  • Non- limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl and neohexyl.
  • An alkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, -O-alkyl, -O-aryl, -alkylene-O-alkyl, alkylthio, -NH 2 , -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyl), -0-C(0)-alkyl, -0-C(0)-aryl, -O-C(O)- cycloalkyl, -C(0)OH and -C(0)0-alkyl.
  • an alkyl group is linear.
  • an alkyl group is branched. Unless otherwise indicated, an alkyl group is unsubstituted.
  • alkenyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and having one of its hydrogen atoms replaced with a bond.
  • An alkenyl group may be straight or branched and contain from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an alkenyl group contains from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, an alkenyl group contains from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, 3- methylbut-2-enyl, n-pentenyl, octenyl and decenyl.
  • An alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, -O-alkyl, -O-aryl, -alkylene-O-alkyl, alkylthio, -NH 2 , -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , - NH(cycloalkyl), -0-C(0)-alkyl, -0-C(0)-aryl, -0-C(0)-cycloalkyl, -C(0)OH and -C(0)0-alkyl.
  • C 2 -C 6 alkenyl refers to an alkenyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, an alkenyl group is unsubstituted.
  • alkynyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and having one of its hydrogen atoms replaced with a bond. An alkynyl group may be straight or branched and contain from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an alkynyl group contains from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, an alkynyl group contains from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, 2-butynyl and 3- methylbutynyl.
  • An alkynyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
  • substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, -O-alkyl, - O-aryl, -alkylene-O-alkyl, alkylthio, -NH 2 , -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyl), -O-C(O)- alkyl, -0-C(0)-aryl, -0-C(0)-cycloalkyl, -C(0)OH and -C(0)0-alkyl.
  • C 2 -C 6 alkynyl refers to an alkynyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, an alkynyl group is unsubstituted.
  • alkylene refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein one of the alkyl group's hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a bond.
  • alkylene groups include -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )- and -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -.
  • an alkylene group has from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • an alkylene group has from about 3 to about 5 carbon atoms.
  • an alkylene group is branched. In another embodiment, an alkylene group is linear. In one embodiment, an alkylene group is -CH 2 -.
  • the term "C 1-C4 alkylene” refers to an alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the term “C 2 -C 4 alkylene” refers to an alkylene group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • alkenylene refers to an alkenyl group, as defined above, wherein one of the alkenyl group's hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a bond.
  • an alkenylene group has from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • an alkenylene group has from about 3 to about 5 carbon atoms.
  • an alkenylene group is branched. In another embodiment, an alkenylene group is linear.
  • the term "C 2 -C 6 alkylene” refers to an alkenylene group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the term "C 3 - C5 alkenylene” refers to an alkenylene group having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • aryl refers to an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an aryl group contains from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. An aryl group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below. In one embodiment, an aryl group can be optionally fused to a cycloalkyl or cycloalkanoyl group. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl. In one embodiment, an aryl group is phenyl. Unless otherwise indicated, an aryl group is unsubstituted.
  • arylene refers to a bivalent group derived from an aryl group, as defined above, by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring carbon of an aryl group.
  • An arylene group can be derived from a monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an arylene group contains from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, an arylene group is a naphthylene group. In another embodiment, an arylene group is a phenylene group.
  • An arylene group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
  • An arylene group is divalent and either available bond on an arylene group can connect to either group flanking the arylene group. For example, the group "A-arylene-B,” wherein the arylene group is:
  • an arylene group can be optionally fused to a cycloalkyl or cycloalkanoyl group.
  • arylene groups include phenylene and naphthalene.
  • an arylene group is unsubstituted.
  • an arylene group is:
  • cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising from about 3 to about 10 ring carbon atoms. In one embodiment, a cycloalkyl contains from about 5 to about 10 ring carbon atoms. In another embodiment, a cycloalkyl contains from about 3 to about 7 ring atoms. In another embodiment, a cycloalkyl contains from about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
  • cycloalkyl also
  • a cycloalkyl group as defined above, which is fused to an aryl (e.g., benzene) or heteroaryl ring.
  • aryl e.g., benzene
  • heteroaryl ring e.g., benzene
  • monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
  • multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decalinyl, norbornyl and adamantyl.
  • a cycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
  • a cycloalkyl group is
  • 3 to 7-membered cycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, a cycloalkyl group is unsubstituted.
  • a ring carbon atom of a cycloalkyl group may be functionalized as a carbonyl group.
  • An illustrative example of such a cycloalkyl group (also referred to herein as a "cycloalkanoyl” group) includes, but is not limited to, cyclobutanoyl:
  • halo means -F, -CI, -Br or -I.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more of the alkyl group's hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen. In one embodiment, a haloalkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, a haloalkyl group is substituted with from 1 to 3 F atoms. Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl groups include -CH 2 F, -CHF 2 , -CF 3 , -CH 2 C1 and -CC1 3 .
  • Ci-C 6 haloalkyl refers to a haloalkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more of the alkyl group's hydrogen atoms have been replaced with an - OH group.
  • a hydroxyalkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Non- limiting examples of hydroxyalkyl groups include -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH and -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 .
  • Ci-C 6 hydroxyalkyl refers to a hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • heteroaryl refers to an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms is independently O, N or S and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms.
  • a heteroaryl group has 5 to 10 ring atoms.
  • a heteroaryl group is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms.
  • a heteroaryl group is bicyclic.
  • a heteroaryl group can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
  • heteroaryl group is joined via a ring carbon atom, and any nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide.
  • heteroaryl also encompasses a heteroaryl group, as defined above, which is fused to a benzene ring.
  • Non- limiting examples of heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridone (including N-substituted pyridones), isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, oxindolyl, imidazo[l,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,l-b]thiazolyl, benzofurazanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl,
  • heteroaryl also refers to partially saturated heteroaryl moieties such as, for example, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl and the like.
  • a heteroaryl group is a 5-membered heteroaryl.
  • a heteroaryl group is a 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl.
  • a heteroaryl group comprises a 5- to 6- membered monocyclic heteroaryl group fused to a benzene ring. Unless otherwise indicated, a heteroaryl group is unsubstituted.
  • heterocycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising 3 to about 11 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms are independently O, S, N or Si, and the remainder of the ring atoms are carbon atoms.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group can be joined via a ring carbon, ring silicon atom or ring nitrogen atom.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic and has from about 3 to about 7 ring atoms.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic has from about 4 to about 7 ring atoms.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group is bicyclic and has from about 7 to about 11 ring atoms. In still another embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms. In one embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic. In another embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group is bicyclic. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system. Any -NH group in a heterocycloalkyl ring may exist protected such as, for example, as an -N(BOC), -N(Cbz), -N(Tos) group and the like; such protected heterocycloalkyl groups are considered part of this invention.
  • heterocycloalkyl also encompasses a heterocycloalkyl group, as defined above, which is fused to an aryl (e.g. , benzene) or heteroaryl ring.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
  • the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycloalkyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
  • Non-limiting examples of monocyclic heterocycloalkyl rings include oxetanyl, piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1 ,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, delta-lactam, delta-lactone and the like, and all isomers thereof.
  • a ring carbon atom of a heterocycloalkyl group may be functionalized as a carbonyl group.
  • An illustrative example of such a heterocycloalkyl group is:
  • a heterocycloalkyl group is a 5-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl. In another embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group is a 6-membered
  • monocyclic heterocycloalkyl monocyclic heterocycloalkyl.
  • 3 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic heterocycloalkyl group having from 3 to 6 ring atoms.
  • 4 to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic heterocycloalkyl group having from 4 to 7 ring atoms.
  • 7 to 1 1-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl refers to a bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group having from 7 to 1 1 ring atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, a heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted.
  • Ring system substituent refers to a substituent group attached to an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which, for example, replaces an available hydrogen on the ring system.
  • Ring system substituents may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, - alkylene-aryl, -arylene-alkyl, -alkylene-heteroaryl, -alkenylene-heteroaryl, -alkynylene- heteroaryl, -OH, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, -O-alkyl, -O-haloalkyl, -alkylene-O-alkyl, -O-aryl, -O- alkylene-aryl, acyl, -C(0)-aryl, halo, -N0 2 , -CN, -SF 5 , -C(0)OH,
  • Ring system substituent may also mean a single moiety which simultaneously replaces two available hydrogens on two adjacent carbon atoms (one H on each carbon) on a ring system.
  • Examples of such moiety are methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, -C(CH 3 ) 2 - and the like which form moieties such as, for example:
  • substituted means that one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency under the existing circumstances is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
  • stable compound' or “stable structure” is meant a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
  • substantially purified form refers to the physical state of a compound after the compound is isolated from a synthetic process (e.g., from a reaction mixture), a natural source, or a combination thereof.
  • substantially purified form also refers to the physical state of a compound after the compound is obtained from a purification process or processes described herein or well-known to the skilled artisan (e.g., chromatography, recrystallization and the like), in sufficient purity to be characterizable by standard analytical techniques described herein or well-known to the skilled artisan.
  • protecting groups When a functional group in a compound is termed "protected”, this means that the group is in modified form to preclude undesired side reactions at the protected site when the compound is subjected to a reaction. Suitable protecting groups will be recognized by those with ordinary skill in the art as well as by reference to standard textbooks such as, for example, T. W. Greene et al, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1991), Wiley, New York.
  • any substituent or variable e.g., alkyl, R 1 , R 7 , etc.
  • its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence, unless otherwise indicated.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.
  • a discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987) 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, (1987) Edward B. Roche, ed., American Pharmaceutical Association and
  • prodrug means a compound (e.g., a drug precursor) that is transformed in vivo to provide a Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound.
  • the transformation may occur by various mechanisms (e.g., by metabolic or chemical processes), such as, for example, through hydrolysis in blood.
  • a prodrug can comprise an ester formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the acid group with a group such as, for example, (Ci-Cg)alkyl, (C 2 -Ci 2 )alkanoyloxymethyl, l-(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 1 -methyl- l-(alkanoyloxy)-ethyl having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms,
  • alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, l-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 -methyl- l-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, N-(alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-(N- (alkoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, 3-phthalidyl, 4-crotonolactonyl, gamma-butyrolacton-4-yl, di-N,N-(Ci-C 2 )alkylamino(C 2 -C 3 )alkyl (such as ⁇ - dimethylaminoethyl), carbamoyl-(Ci-C 2 )alkyl, N,N-di (Ci-C 2 )alkylcarbamoyl-(Ci
  • a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the alcohol groups with a group such as, for example, (Ci-C 6 )alkanoyloxymethyl, l-((Ci- C 6 )alkanoyloxy)ethyl, 1 -methyl- l-((Ci-C 6 )alkanoyloxy)ethyl, (Ci-C 6 )alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl, N-(Ci-C 6 )alkoxycarbonylaminomethyl, succinoyl, (Ci-C 6 )alkanoyl, a-amino(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, a- amino(Ci-C 4 )alkylene-aryl, arylacyl and a-aminoacyl, or ⁇ -aminoacyl-a-aminoacyl, where each
  • a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of a hydrogen atom in the amine group with a group such as, for example, R-carbonyl-, RO-carbonyl-, NRR'-carbonyl- wherein R and R' are each independently (Ci-Cio)alkyl, (C3-C7) cycloalkyl, benzyl, a natural a-aminoacyl, - C(OH)C(0)OY 1 wherein Y 1 is H, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl or benzyl, -C(OY 2 )Y 3 wherein Y 2 is (C C 4 ) alkyl and Y 3 is (Ci-C 6 )alkyl; carboxy (Ci-C 6 )alkyl; amino(Ci-C 4 )alkyl or mono-N- or di-N,N-(Ci- C 6 )alkylamin
  • esters of the present compounds include the following groups: (1) carboxylic acid esters obtained by esterification of the hydroxy group of a hydroxyl compound, in which the non-carbonyl moiety of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester grouping is selected from straight or branched chain alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl or n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (e.g., methoxymethyl), aralkyl (e.g., benzyl), aryloxyalkyl (for example, phenoxymethyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl optionally substituted with, for example, halogen, Ci_ 4 alkyl, -0-(Ci_ 4 alkyl) or amino); (2) sulfonate esters, such as alkyl- or aralkylsulfonyl (for example, methanes),
  • phosphate esters may be further esterified by, for example, a Ci_ 2 o alcohol or reactive derivative thereof, or by a 2,3-di (C 6 _ 24 )acyl glycerol.
  • One or more compounds of the invention may exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms.
  • “Solvate” means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. "Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non- limiting examples of solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like. A “hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is water.
  • One or more compounds of the invention may optionally be converted to a solvate.
  • Preparation of solvates is generally known.
  • M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceutical Sci., 93(3), 601-611 (2004) describe the preparation of the solvates of the antifungal fluconazole in ethyl acetate as well as from water.
  • Similar preparations of solvates, hemisolvates, hydrates and the like are described by E. C. van Tonder et al, AAPS PharmSciTechours. , 5(1), article 12 (2004); and A. L. Bingham et al, Chem. Commun., 603-604 (2001).
  • a typical, non-limiting, process involves dissolving the inventive compound in desired amounts of the desired solvent (organic or water or mixtures thereof) at a higher than room temperature, and cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals which are then isolated by standard methods.
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds can form salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
  • Reference to a Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the term "salt(s)", as employed herein, denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxylic acid
  • zwitterions inner salts
  • the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salt.
  • the salt is other than a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • Salts of the Compounds of Formula (I) may be formed, for example, by reacting a Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
  • Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzoates,
  • benzenesulfonates bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, fumarates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates, tartarates, thiocyanates, toluenesulfonates (also known as tosylates) and the like.
  • Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as dicyclohexylamine, t-butyl amine, choline, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
  • alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts
  • alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts
  • salts with organic bases for example, organic amines
  • organic bases for example, organic amines
  • amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
  • Basic nitrogen- containing groups may be quarternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfates), long chain halides (e.g., decyl, lauryl, and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), arylalkyl halides (e.g., benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.
  • lower alkyl halides e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
  • dialkyl sulfates e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfates
  • long chain halides e.g., decyl, lauryl,
  • Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well-known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
  • Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
  • an appropriate optically active compound e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride
  • Sterochemically pure compounds may also be prepared by using chiral starting materials or by employing salt resolution techniques.
  • some of the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be
  • Atropisomers e.g., substituted biaryls
  • Enantiomers can also be directly separated using chiral chromatographic techniques.
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the invention.
  • keto-enol and imine-enamine forms of the compounds are included in the invention.
  • All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers, optical isomers and the like) of the present compounds including those of the salts, solvates, hydrates, esters and prodrugs of the compounds as well as the salts, solvates and esters of the prodrugs), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomeric forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention. If a Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound incorporates a double bond or a fused ring, both the cis- and trans-forms, as well as mixtures, are embraced within the scope of the invention.
  • Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
  • the chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
  • the use of the terms "salt”, “solvate”, “ester”, “prodrug” and the like, is intended to apply equally to the salt, solvate, ester and prodrug of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers, racemates or prodrugs of the inventive compounds.
  • the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature.
  • the present invention is meant to include all suitable isotopic variations of the compounds of generic Formula I.
  • different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium (1H) and deuterium ( 2 H).
  • Protium is the predominant hydrogen isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or reducing dosage requirements, or may provide a compound useful as a standard for characterization of biological samples.
  • Isotopically-enriched Compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/or intermediates.
  • a Compound of Formula (I) has one or more of its hydrogen atoms replaced with deuterium.
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in human and veterinary medicine for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in human and veterinary medicine for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in human and veterinary medicine for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in human and veterinary medicine for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in human and veterinary medicine for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds can be inhibitors of HIV viral replication.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are inhibitors of HIV- 1. Accordingly, the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful for treating HIV infections and AIDS.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds can be administered to a subject in need of treatment or prevention of HIV infection.
  • the invention provides methods for treating HIV infection in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides methods for treating AIDS in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • NaHCC"3 sodium bicarbonate
  • NBS N-bromosuccinimide
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidine
  • the present invention provides Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds of Formula
  • X is O.
  • X is -CH 2 -.
  • X is -N(-C(0)CH 3 )-.
  • Y is O.
  • Y is -N(R 6 )-.
  • Y is Ci-C 3 alkylene.
  • Y is -CH 2 -.
  • Z is a single bond.
  • Z is -C(R 7 )-.
  • R 1 represents 1 or 2 optional phenyl group substituents, each independently selected from Ci-C 6 alkyl, -0-(Ci-C 6 alkyl), halo.
  • R 1 represents 1 or 2 optional phenyl group substituents, each independently selected from halo.
  • R 1 represents an ortho F group and a para F group.
  • R 3 is H.
  • R 3 is Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 3 is methyl
  • each occurrence of R 3a is H.
  • At least one occurrence of R 3a is Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 4 is H.
  • R 4 is Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 5 is H.
  • R 5 is Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 5 is -C(0)R 8 .
  • R 5 is -S0 2 R 8 .
  • each occurrence of R 6 is H or Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • At least one occurrence of R 6 is Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 7 is H.
  • R 7 is Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 7 is -0-(Ci-C 6 alkyl).
  • the com ounds of formula (I) have the formula (la):
  • X is O or -N(-C(0)CH 3 )-)-;
  • R 1 represents up to 2 optional phenyl group substituents, each independently selected from halo;
  • n 0 or 1 ;
  • n 1, 2 or 3, such that the sum of m+n is 2 or 3.
  • m is 0.
  • m is 1.
  • m is 2.
  • n 1
  • n is 2.
  • n is 3.
  • n 2
  • n 1
  • variables m, n, X, Y, Z, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 for the Compounds of Formula (I) are selected independently of each other.
  • the Compounds of Formula (I) are in substantially purified form.
  • compositions comprising an effective amount of a Compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, CCR5 co-receptor antagonists and non- nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
  • a pharmaceutical combination that is (i) a Compound of Formula (I) and (ii) a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti-infective agents; wherein the Compound of Formula (I) and the second therapeutic agent are each employed in an amount that renders the combination effective for inhibiting HIV replication, or for treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection.
  • HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, CCR5 co-receptor antagonists and non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
  • a method of treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection in a subject in need thereof which comprises
  • HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, CCR5 co-receptor antagonists and non-nucleoside reverse- transcriptase inhibitors.
  • a method of inhibiting HIV replication in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (a), (b) or (c) or the combination of (d) or (e).
  • the present invention also includes a compound of the present invention for use (i) in, (ii) as a medicament for, or (iii) in the preparation of a medicament for: (a) medicine, (b) inhibiting HIV replication or (c) treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection.
  • the compounds of the present invention can optionally be employed in combination with one or more second therapeutic agents selected from HIV antiviral agents, anti-infective agents, and immunomodulators.
  • Additional embodiments of the invention include the pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and methods set forth in (a)-(k) above and the uses set forth in the preceding paragraph, wherein the compound of the present invention employed therein is a compound of one of the embodiments, aspects, classes, sub-classes, or features of the
  • the compound may optionally be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate as appropriate. It is understood that references to compounds would include the compound in its present form as well as in different forms, such as polymorphs, solvates and hydrates, as applicable.
  • compositions and methods provided as (a) through (k) above are understood to include all embodiments of the compounds, including such embodiments as result from combinations of embodiments.
  • the Compounds of Formula (I) may be referred to herein by chemical structure and/or by chemical name. In the instance that both the structure and the name of a Compound of Formula (I) are provided and a discrepancy is found to exist between the chemical structure and the corresponding chemical name, it is understood that the chemical structure will predominate.
  • Non- limiting examples of the Compounds of Formula (I) include compounds 1- 10 as set forth below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the Compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared from known or readily prepared starting materials, following methods known to one skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Methods useful for making the Compounds of Formula (I) are set forth in the Examples below and generalized in Scheme 1 below. Alternative synthetic pathways and analogous structures will be apparent to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis.
  • Scheme 1 describes a method for making the compounds of formula (I), which corresponds to the bridged tetracyclic 4-pyridinone compounds of Formula (I).
  • a compound of formula A is oxidized to a dihydropyridinone of formula B then condensed with amines of type C to provide bridged dihydropyridinone compounds of formula D. Bromination followed by carbonylation with amines of formula F and deprotection of the benzyl protecting group provides the product G.
  • the compounds described herein can be prepared according to the procedures of the following schemes and examples, using appropriate materials and are further exemplified by the following specific examples.
  • the compounds illustrated in the examples are not, however, to be construed as forming the only genus that is considered as the invention.
  • the examples further illustrate details for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. All temperatures are degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.
  • Mass spectra (MS) were measured by electrospray ion- mass spectroscopy (ESI). 1H NMR spectra were recorded at 400-500 MHz. Compounds described herein were synthesized as a racemic mixture unless otherwise stated in the experimental procedures.
  • the crude compound 2c was adsorbed on 400 g of 100-200 silica gel, which was loaded over a pre-packed column with silica gel [120 mm x 75 cm width and height of column, loaded with 2.4 kg of 100-200 silica gel]. Elution started with 10 % EtOAc/ petroleum ether and finished with 30 % EtOAc/ petroleum ether. All the pure fractions were collected, concentrated in vacuo to provide compound 2c (110 g, 31% yield) as a liquid.
  • the crude mixture was adsorbed on 200 g of 100-200 silica gel, which was loaded over a pre-packed column with silica gel [100 mm x 60 cm width and height of column, loaded with 1.2 kg of 100-200 silica gel]. Elution started with 30 % EtOAc/ petroleum ether and finished with 40 % EtOAc/ petroleum ether. All the pure fractions were collected, concentrated in vacuo to provide the compound 2d (47 g, 45% yield) as a colorless gum liquid.
  • Step A - Synthesis of Compound 5a Compound B (1000 mg, 3.13 mmol) was suspended in MeOH (5 mL) and heated at 65 °C for 15 mins, to complete dissolution. The solution was then concentrated in vacuo and THF (31 mL) was added. With stirring, acetic acid (1.03 mL mL, 17.2 mmol), and aminoalcohol 4e (950 mg, 9.40 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 70 C for 5 h, until LCMS analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material. LCMS showed a ratio 5a: 5b ⁇ 1 : 1.
  • reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, and purified directly by reverse phase chromatogrpahy (SunFireTM Prep C18 OBDTM 5um 30 x 150 mm column; 5 to 95% CH 3 CN/water with 0.1% TFA modifier over 18 minutes).
  • Product was extracted out of the combined aquoues fraction with 2x 25 mL DCM.
  • the combined organics were dried over Na 2 S0 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the penultimate intermediate (38 mg, 56% yield) as a tan solid.
  • Step B Synthesis of Intermediate Compound 6c
  • DEAD 6.03 mL, 38.1 mmol
  • the reaction mixture was then stirred at 25°C for 16 h, quenched with water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3).
  • the combined organic phase was washed with water (100 mL x 2), dried over Na 2 S0 4 , and concentrated in vacuo.
  • This assay is a kinetic assay that employs a reporter cell line (MT4-gag-GFP) to quantify the number of new cells infected in each round of replication.
  • MT4-GFP cells (250,000 cells/ml) were bulk-infected with HIV-1 (NL4-3 strain) at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) in RPMI + 10% FBS for 24 hours. Cells were then washed once in RPMI + 10% FBS and resuspended in RPMI + 0% or 10% or 100% normal human serum (NHS). Test compounds were serial-diluted in DMSO on ECHO.
  • the infected MT4-GFP cells were added to a 384-well poly-D-lysine coated black plate with clear bottom in which the diluted test compounds were placed. The cells were seeded at 8,000 cells per well and the final DMSO concentration was 0.4%. The infected cells (Green GFP cells) were quantified at both 24 and 48 hours post incubation using Acumen eX3. Viral reproductive ratio (Ro) was determined using the number of infected cells at 48 hours divided by the number of infected cells at 24 hours. Percent viral growth inhibition was calculated by [l-(R-Rtri P iedmg)/(RDMSO-Rtripiedrug)] * 100. Compound potency IP or IC 50 was determined by a 4-parameter dose response curve analysis.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in the inhibition of HIV, the inhibition of HIV integrase, the treatment of HIV infection and/or reduction of the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection and the inhibition of HIV viral replication and/or HIV viral production in a cell-based system.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in treating infection by HIV after suspected past exposure to HIV by such means as blood transfusion, exchange of body fluids, bites, accidental needle stick, or exposure to subject blood during surgery or other medical procedures.
  • the invention provides methods for treating
  • HIV infection in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
  • the amount administered is effective to treat or prevent infection by HIV in the subject.
  • the amount administered is effective to inhibit HIV viral replication and/or viral production in the subject.
  • the HIV infection has progressed to AIDS.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are also useful in the preparation and execution of screening assays for antiviral compounds.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful for identifying resistant HIV cell lines harboring mutations, which are excellent screening tools for more powerful antiviral compounds.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are useful in establishing or determining the binding site of other antivirals to the HIV Integrase.
  • compositions and combinations of the present invention can be useful for treating a subject suffering from infection related to any HIV genotype.
  • the present methods for treating or preventing HIV infection can further comprise the administration of one or more additional therapeutic agents which are not Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an antiviral agent.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an immunomodulatory agent, such as an immunosuppressive agent.
  • the present invention provides methods for treating a viral infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject: (i) at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound (which may include two or more different Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and (ii) at least one additional therapeutic agent that is other than a Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound, wherein the amounts administered are together effective to treat or prevent a viral infection.
  • therapeutic agents in the combination may be administered in any order such as, for example, sequentially, concurrently, together, simultaneously and the like.
  • the amounts of the various actives in such combination therapy may be different amounts (different dosage amounts) or same amounts (same dosage amounts).
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and an additional therapeutic agent may be present in fixed amounts (dosage amounts) in a single dosage unit (e.g., a capsule, a tablet and the like).
  • At least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound is administered during a time when the additional therapeutic agent(s) exert their prophylactic or therapeutic effect, or vice versa.
  • At least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are administered in doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a viral infection.
  • At least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are administered in doses lower than the doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a viral infection.
  • At least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) act synergistically and are administered in doses lower than the doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a viral infection.
  • at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are present in the same composition.
  • this composition is suitable for oral administration.
  • this composition is suitable for intravenous administration.
  • this composition is suitable for subcutaneous administration.
  • this composition is suitable for parenteral administration.
  • Viral infections and virus-related disorders that can be treated or prevented using the combination therapy methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those listed above.
  • the viral infection is HIV infection.
  • the viral infection is AIDS.
  • the at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) can act additively or synergistically.
  • a synergistic combination may allow the use of lower dosages of one or more agents and/or less frequent administration of one or more agents of a combination therapy.
  • a lower dosage or less frequent administration of one or more agents may lower toxicity of therapy without reducing the efficacy of therapy.
  • the administration of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) may inhibit the resistance of a viral infection to these agents.
  • the present invention is also directed to use of a compound of
  • an anti-HIV agent is any agent which is directly or indirectly effective in the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase or another enzyme required for HIV replication or infection, the treatment or prophylaxis of HIV infection, and/or the treatment, prophylaxis or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS. It is understood that an anti-HIV agent is effective in treating, preventing, or delaying the onset or progression of HIV infection or AIDS and/or diseases or conditions arising therefrom or associated therewith.
  • the compounds of this invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts of one or more anti- HIV agents selected from HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, antiinfectives, or vaccines useful for treating HIV infection or AIDS.
  • Suitable HIV antivirals for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include, for example, those listed in Table A as follows: Table A
  • abacavir Name Type abacavir, ABC, Ziagen® nRTI abacavir +lamivudine, Epzicom® nRTI abacavir + lamivudine + zidovudine, Trizivir® nRTI amprenavir, Agenerase® PI atazanavir, Reyataz® PI
  • Retrovir® nRTI darunavir Prezista® PI ddC, zalcitabine, dideoxycytidine, Hivid® nRTI ddl, didanosine, dideoxyinosine, Videx® nRTI ddl (enteric coated), Videx EC® nRTI delavirdine, DLV, Rescriptor® nnRTI efavirenz, EFV, Sustiva®, Stocrin® nnRTI efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir DF, Atripla® nnRTI + nRTI emtricitabine, FTC, Emtriva® nRTI emtricitabine + tenofovir DF, Truvada® nRTI emvirine, Coactinon® nnRTI enfuvirtide, Fuzeon® FI
  • drugs listed in the table are used in a salt form; e.g., abacavir sulfate, indinavir sulfate, atazanavir sulfate, nelfinavir mesylate.
  • one or more anti-HIV drugs are selected from, lamivudine, abacavir, ritonavir, darunavir, atazanavir, emtricitabine, tenofovir, rilpivirine and lopinavir.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with lamivudine.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination atazanavir.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with darunavir.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with rilpivirine.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with lamivudine and abacavir.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with darunavir.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with emtricitabine and tenofovir.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination atazanavir.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with ritonavir and lopinavir. In another embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with lamivudine.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with abacavir and lamivudine.
  • the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with lopinavir and ritonavir.
  • the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising (i) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof; (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and (iii) one or more additional anti-HIV agents selected from lamivudine, abacavir, ritonavir and lopinavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein the amounts present of components (i) and (iii) are together effective for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV or for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS in the subject in need thereof.
  • the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV or for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS in a subject in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject (i) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof and (ii) one or more additional anti-HIV agents selected from lamivudine, abacavir, ritonavir and lopinavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein the amounts administered of components (i) and (ii) are together effective for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV or for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS in the subject in need thereof.
  • HIV antiviral agents and other agents will typically be employed in these combinations in their conventional dosage ranges and regimens as reported in the art, including, for example, the dosages described in the Physicians' Desk Reference, Thomson PDR, Thomson PDR, 57 th edition (2003), the 58 th edition (2004), the 59 th edition (2005), and the like.
  • the dosage ranges for a compound of the invention in these combinations are the same as those set forth above.
  • the doses and dosage regimen of the other agents used in the combination therapies of the present invention for the treatment or prevention of HIV infection can be determined by the attending clinician, taking into consideration the approved doses and dosage regimen in the package insert; the age, sex and general health of the subject; and the type and severity of the viral infection or related disease or disorder.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound(s) and the other agent(s) can be administered
  • kits comprising the separate dosage forms is therefore advantageous.
  • the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds can be administered as a component of a composition that comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle.
  • the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the active ingredients will typically be administered in admixture with suitable carrier materials suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, i.e., oral tablets, capsules (either solid-filled, semi-solid filled or liquid filled), powders for constitution, oral gels, elixirs, dispersible granules, syrups, suspensions, and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
  • the active drug component may be combined with any oral non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier, such as lactose, starch, sucrose, cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, talc, mannitol, ethyl alcohol (liquid forms) and the like.
  • Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. Powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 0.5 to about 95 percent inventive composition. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
  • suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and waxes.
  • lubricants there may be mentioned for use in these dosage forms, boric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like.
  • Disintegrants include starch, methylcellulose, guar gum, and the like. Sweetening and flavoring agents and preservatives may also be included where appropriate.
  • Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions and may include water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection.
  • Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration.
  • liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
  • a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter is first melted, and the active ingredient is dispersed homogeneously therein as by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool and thereby solidify.
  • compositions of the present invention may be formulated in sustained release form to provide the rate controlled release of any one or more of the components or active ingredients to optimize therapeutic effects, i.e., antiviral activity and the like.
  • Suitable dosage forms for sustained release include layered tablets containing layers of varying disintegration rates or controlled release polymeric matrices impregnated with the active components and shaped in tablet form or capsules containing such impregnated or encapsulated porous polymeric matrices.
  • the one or more Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are administered orally.
  • the one or more Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds are administered intravenously.
  • a pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one
  • Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound is in unit dosage form.
  • the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing effective amounts of the active components.
  • compositions can be prepared according to conventional mixing, granulating or coating methods, respectively, and the present compositions can contain, in one embodiment, from about 0.1% to about 99% of the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound(s) by weight or volume. In various embodiments, the present compositions can contain, in one embodiment, from about 1% to about 70% or from about 5% to about 60% of the Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound(s) by weight or volume.
  • the compounds of Formula I can be administered orally in a dosage range of 0.001 to 1000 mg/kg of mammal (e.g., human) body weight per day in a single dose or in divided doses. One preferred dosage range is 0.01 to 500 mg/kg body weight per day orally in a single dose or in divided doses.
  • compositions can be provided in the form of tablets or capsules containing 1.0 to 500 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the subject to be treated.
  • the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular subject may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity of the particular condition, and the host undergoing therapy.
  • the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day if desired. In one embodiment, the daily dosage is administered in one portion. In another embodiment, the total daily dosage is administered in two divided doses over a 24 hour period. In another embodiment, the total daily dosage is administered in three divided doses over a 24 hour period. In still another embodiment, the total daily dosage is administered in four divided doses over a 24 hour period.
  • compositions of the invention can further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents, selected from those listed above herein.
  • the present invention provides a kit comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.
  • the present invention provides a kit comprising an amount of at least one Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of said compound and an amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent listed above, wherein the amounts of the two or more active ingredients result in a desired therapeutic effect.
  • the one or more Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds and the one or more additional therapeutic agents are provided in the same container.
  • the one or more Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds and the one or more additional therapeutic agents are provided in separate containers.

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur des composés hétérocycliques tétracycliques de formule (I) et leurs sels ou promédicaments pharmaceutiquement acceptables, dans laquelle formule n, X, Y, Z, R1, R2 et R3 sont tels que définis dans la description. La présente invention porte également sur des compositions comprenant au moins un composé hétérocyclique tétracyclique et sur des procédés d'utilisation des composés hétérocycliques tétracycliques pour le traitement ou la prévention d'une infection à VIH chez un sujet.
PCT/CN2013/083998 2013-09-23 2013-09-23 Composés hétérocycliques tétracycliques utiles comme inhibiteurs de l'intégrase du vih WO2015039348A1 (fr)

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