WO2015012251A1 - トナーバインダー及びトナー - Google Patents
トナーバインダー及びトナー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015012251A1 WO2015012251A1 PCT/JP2014/069289 JP2014069289W WO2015012251A1 WO 2015012251 A1 WO2015012251 A1 WO 2015012251A1 JP 2014069289 W JP2014069289 W JP 2014069289W WO 2015012251 A1 WO2015012251 A1 WO 2015012251A1
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- polyester resin
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- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYFXGORUJGZJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanediamine Chemical compound NC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 DYFXGORUJGZJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 1
- PWGIEBRSWMQVCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC(=O)C=C PWGIEBRSWMQVCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-M pimelate(1-) Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC([O-])=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QPMDWIOUHQWKHV-ODZAUARKSA-M potassium;(z)-4-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O QPMDWIOUHQWKHV-ODZAUARKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LLLCSBYSPJHDJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O LLLCSBYSPJHDJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XRVCFZPJAHWYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N prenderol Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CO)CO XRVCFZPJAHWYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006800 prenderol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAJUSMULYYBNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC=CS(O)(=O)=O RAJUSMULYYBNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine N-oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]1=CC=CC=C1 ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-thiol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=N1 WHMDPDGBKYUEMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004180 red 2G Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012739 red 2G Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQHBWWRHIPVRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)thiohydroxylamine Chemical compound NSC1=NC=CS1 AQHBWWRHIPVRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZIWRUEGECALFST-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 4-(4-dodecoxysulfonylphenoxy)benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)c1ccc(Oc2ccc(cc2)S([O-])(=O)=O)cc1 ZIWRUEGECALFST-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VRVKOZSIJXBAJG-ODZAUARKSA-M sodium;(z)-but-2-enedioate;hydron Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O VRVKOZSIJXBAJG-ODZAUARKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIWBIWFOSCKQMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N stearidonic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(O)=O JIWBIWFOSCKQMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical class CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APEJMQOBVMLION-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-cinnamamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 APEJMQOBVMLION-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLTHARGIAFTREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCC OLTHARGIAFTREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMUVCOYLTZPCKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(dodecyl)azanium Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ZMUVCOYLTZPCKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical class CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/46—Polyesters chemically modified by esterification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a toner binder and a toner.
- a toner binder for use in electrophotography employing a heat fixing method which is generally used as an image fixing method in copying machines, printers, etc., can fix toner even at a low fixing temperature (low temperature fixing property) ), Heat-resistant storage stability, and storage stability in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment (humidity heat storage stability).
- low temperature fixing property low temperature fixing property
- humidity heat storage stability HuD heat storage stability
- the heat-resistant storage stability and the wet heat-resistant storage stability are lowered.
- the low-temperature fixability is lowered. Therefore, development of a toner binder that can achieve both low-temperature fixability, heat-resistant storage stability, and wet heat-resistant storage stability has been demanded.
- Patent Document 1 a toner binder containing an amorphous polyester having a furan ring for the purpose of achieving both low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability has been proposed (Patent Document 1). Further, a method using an aromatic monocarboxylic acid (Patent Documents 2 and 3), a toner binder containing at least one selected from an aliphatic monool and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (Patent Document 4), and a polyester resin as an isocyanate. A toner binder reacted with a compound (Patent Documents 5 and 6), a hydroxyl group or a polyester in which 30% or more of the hydroxyl group is blocked with a masking agent (Patent Document 7) are proposed. Further, as a general phenomenon, components contained in toner may adhere to members constituting a copying machine or a printer, for example, a developing tank that stores a developer, which may cause image deterioration.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 are effective in achieving both low-temperature fixability, heat-resistant storage stability, and moist heat-resistant storage stability, they are not sufficiently satisfactory. Also, sufficient means for suppressing contamination of members such as a developing tank is not known.
- the present invention has, as structural units, a polycarboxylic acid (a1) as a polycarboxylic acid component and a polyhydric alcohol (a2) as a polyhydric alcohol component, and a part of the terminals are monocarboxylic acid (a3) and A toner binder comprising a polyester resin (A) esterified with monoalcohol (a4), wherein the ester group concentration of (A) based on the weight of (A) is 16 to 30% by weight
- the toner binder of the present invention can achieve both low-temperature fixability of the toner, heat-resistant storage stability, and moisture-heat storage stability, and is excellent in durability. Further, there is little contamination to members such as a developing tank (also referred to as member contamination in this specification).
- the toner binder of the present invention has a polycarboxylic acid (a1) as a polycarboxylic acid component and a polyhydric alcohol (a2) as a polyhydric alcohol component as constituent units, and a part of the terminal is a monocarboxylic acid (a3). ) And / or polyester resin (A) esterified with monoalcohol (a4).
- the ester group concentration of (A) based on the weight of this polyester resin (A) is 16 to 30% by weight, and the polyhydric alcohol (a2) has a C3 alkylene glycol (a21) and an aromatic ring.
- the polyester resin (A) in the present invention has a polycarboxylic acid (a1) and a polyhydric alcohol (a2) as structural units.
- the polycarboxylic acid (a1) include a dicarboxylic acid (a11), a tri- to hexavalent or higher polycarboxylic acid (a12), and a modified form (a13) of (a11) or (a12).
- (a1) may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
- dicarboxylic acid (a11) examples include alkane dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 32 carbon atoms (for example, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid and octadecanedicarboxylic acid); alkene dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 32 carbon atoms.
- alkene dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 40 carbon atoms [eg dimer acid, alkenyl succinic acid (dodecenyl succinic acid, pentadecenyl succinic acid and octadecenyl succinic acid)
- Branched alkane dicarboxylic acids having 12 to 40 carbon atoms eg alkyl succinic acid (decyl succinic acid, dodecyl succinic acid and octadecyl succinic acid etc.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms (eg phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, etc.) , Terephthalic acid and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc. Etc.
- alkene dicarboxylic acids and aromatic dicarboxylic acids are preferred, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids
- Examples of the tricarboxylic acid having 3 to 6 or more polycarboxylic acids (a12) include aromatic polycarboxylic acids having 9 to 20 carbon atoms (for example, trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid), and aliphatic having 6 to 36 carbon atoms ( And polycarboxylic acids (including alicyclic) such as hexanetricarboxylic acid and decanetricarboxylic acid.
- Examples of the modified form (a13) of (a11) or (a12) include an acid anhydride of (a11) or (a12) and a lower alkyl ester of (a11) or (a12).
- Examples of the acid anhydride (a11) or (a12) include trimellitic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like.
- Examples of the lower alkyl ester of (a11) or (a12) include methyl ester, ethyl ester, and isopropyl ester.
- polyhydric alcohol (a2) examples include diols and tri- to octa- or higher polyols.
- (a2) may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
- the polyhydric alcohol (a2) constituting the polyester resin (A) of the present invention
- the polyhydric alcohol (a2) comprises, as essential components, an alkylene glycol (a21) having 3 carbon atoms and a diol having an aromatic ring ( a22).
- alkylene glycol (a21) having 3 carbon atoms include 1,2-propylene glycol and 1,3-propylene glycol.
- Examples of the diol having an aromatic ring (a22) include alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, etc.) or polyphenols (eg, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcin, etc.).
- alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A and particularly preferred are ethylene oxide adducts, propylene oxide adducts, butylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A, and the like.
- the added mole number is preferably 2 to 6 moles.
- the content ratio of the alkylene glycol (a21) having 3 carbon atoms and the diol (a22) having an aromatic ring is usually a molar ratio of (a21) / (a22) of 5/95 to 70/30, preferably 8 / 92 to 70/30, more preferably 10/95 to 70/30.
- the content ratio is within this range, the component contamination is excellent.
- (a21) / (a22) is more than 70/30, the contamination of the members is deteriorated.
- member contamination property will worsen, and although the cause is unclear, an effect appears by copolymerizing (a21) and (a22) moderately.
- Examples of the diol other than the alkylene glycol (a21) having 3 carbon atoms as the essential component and the diol (a22) having an aromatic ring include alkylene glycols having 2 and 4 to 30 carbon atoms (for example, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, octanediol, decanediol, dodecanediol, tetradecandiol, neopentyl glycol and 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol); number average molecular weight (hereinafter abbreviated as Mn) 106-10,000 alkylene ether glycols (eg diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polytetramethylene ether glycol); fats having 6 to 24 carbon atoms Formula diol (for example, 1,4-cyclohe
- tri- to octa- or higher valent polyol examples include tri- to octa- or higher valent aliphatic polyhydric alcohols having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, glycerin, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, sorbitol, etc.
- AO (2 to 4 carbon) adduct (addition mole number 2 to 100) of trisphenol having 25 to 50 carbon atoms (for example, trisphenol ⁇ EO 2 to 4 mol addition product and trisphenol PA ⁇ PO 2 to 4 mol addition)
- AO (carbon number 2 to 4) adduct (addition mole number 2 to 100) (eg phenol novolac PO 2 mol adduct and phenol) of novolak resins having a polymerization degree of 3 to 50 (for example, phenol novolak and cresol novolak) Novolak EO 4 mol adduct); polyphenols having 6 to 30 carbon atoms (for example, Pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, etc.) AO (carbon number 2-4) adduct (addition mole number 2-100) (pyrogallol EO 4 mol adduct); and polymerization degree 20-2 000 acryl polyol ⁇
- the polyester resin (A) of the present invention has, as constituent units, a polycarboxylic acid (a1) as a polycarboxylic acid component and a polyhydric alcohol (a2) as a polyhydric alcohol component, and further a part of its terminal. Is esterified with monocarboxylic acid (a3) and / or monoalcohol (a4). From the viewpoint of heat-resistant storage stability, terminal esterification is preferably performed with a monocarboxylic acid (a3).
- the ratio of the esterified terminals is preferably 10 to 80%, more preferably 15 to 75%, and most preferably 25 to 65% of all terminals.
- Examples of the monocarboxylic acid (a3) include an aromatic monocarboxylic acid (a31), an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (a32), and a modified product (a33) of (a31) or (a32).
- (a3) may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
- aromatic monocarboxylic acid (a31) examples include aromatic monocarboxylic acids having 7 to 36 carbon atoms. Specific examples include benzoic acid, vinyl benzoic acid, toluic acid, dimethyl benzoic acid, and t-butyl benzoic acid. , Cumic acid, naphthoic acid, biphenyl monocarboxylic acid and furic acid.
- Examples of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (a32) include a chain saturated monocarboxylic acid (a321), a chain unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (a322), and an alicyclic monocarboxylic acid (a323).
- chain saturated monocarboxylic acid (a321) examples include linear or branched chain saturated monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 30 carbon atoms (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, caproic acid salt, enanthate Acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, tuberculostearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid).
- linear or branched chain saturated monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 30 carbon atoms acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, caproic acid salt, enanthate Acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentade
- chain unsaturated monocarboxylic acid a linear or branched chain unsaturated monocarboxylic acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid Vacenoic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, 8,11-eicosadienoic acid, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, Docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, dihomo- ⁇ -linolenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid and the like.
- alicyclic monocarboxylic acid (a323) examples include alicyclic monocarboxylic acids having 4 to 14 carbon atoms (such as cyclopropane carboxylic acid, cyclobutane carboxylic acid, cyclopentane carboxylic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, and cycloheptane carboxylic acid). Is mentioned.
- aromatic monocarboxylic acids (a31) are preferable from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and wet heat storage stability, and more preferable are benzoic acid and pt-butylbenzoic acid. Acid and naphthoic acid, particularly preferably benzoic acid.
- modified form (a33) of (a31) or (a32) examples include the lower alkyl ester of (a31) or (a32).
- Examples of the lower alkyl ester of (a31) or (a32) include methyl ester, ethyl ester and isopropyl ester of (a31) or (a32).
- Examples of the monohydric alcohol (a4) for esterifying a part of the terminal of the polyester resin (A) include a monovalent aliphatic alcohol (a41) and an aromatic alcohol (a42).
- (a4) may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
- Examples of the aliphatic alcohol (a41) include saturated alcohol (a411) and unsaturated alcohol (a412).
- saturated alcohol (a411) examples include linear or branched saturated alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (methanol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2,2 -Dimethyl-1-propanol, hexanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, heptanol, 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, nonanol 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol, decanol, undecanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and stearyl alcohol), and straight-chain or branched saturated alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- AO EO, PO and BO
- Examples of the unsaturated alcohol (a412) include linear or branched unsaturated alcohols having 2 to 30 carbon atoms (allyl alcohol, 2-buten-1-ol, 2-penten-1-ol, 2-hexen-1-ol 2-hepten-1-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 2-nonen-1-ol, 2-decen-1-ol, 2-dodecenol, palmitoleyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and linoleyl alcohol) And those obtained by adding AO (EO, PO and BO) having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to linear or branched unsaturated monoalcohol having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (added mole number 1 to 20 mol).
- AO EO, PO and BO
- aromatic alcohol (a42) examples include aromatic alcohols having 6 to 30 carbon atoms (such as phenol, ethylphenol, isobutylphenol, pentylphenol, octylphenol, dodecylphenol, tetradecylphenol, and benzyl alcohol), and 6 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include those obtained by adding AO (EO, PO and BO) having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to 30 aromatic alcohols (added mole number: 1 to 20 moles).
- AO EO, PO and BO
- the polyester resin (A) of the present invention may have a structure in which a vinyl monomer (a5) is grafted as necessary.
- vinyl monomer (a5) examples include vinyl esters (a51) such as vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl iodide, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl formate, and vinyl caproate; Ethylenic monocarboxylic acids (a52) such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, acrylic acid Isooctyl, decyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 2-
- the ratio of the polycarboxylic acid (a1) to the polyhydric alcohol (a2) in the polyester resin (A) is preferably 1 as the equivalent ratio [COOH] / [OH] of the carboxyl group [COOH] and the hydroxyl group [OH]. / 2 to 1 / 0.9, more preferably 1 / 1.5 to 1/1, and particularly preferably 1 / 1.3 to 1 / 1.02.
- the Mn of the polyester resin (A) is preferably from 500 to 4,000, more preferably from 1,000 to 3,000, particularly preferably from 1,500 to 4,000, from the viewpoint of compatibility between toner durability and low-temperature fixability. 2,500.
- the Mw of the polyester resin (A) is 1,000 to 8,000, and preferably 2,000 to 6,500, more preferably 3,000 to 5 from the viewpoint of achieving both toner durability and low-temperature fixability. , 500.
- Mn and Mw of the resin (A) in the present invention can be measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following conditions.
- Apparatus (example): “HLC-8120” [manufactured by Tosoh Corporation]
- Sample solution 0.25% by weight tetrahydrofuran solution (insoluble matter filtered off with glass filter)
- Solution injection volume 100 ⁇ l
- Detection device Refractive index detector
- Reference material Standard polystyrene (TSK standard POLYSTYRENE) 12 points (molecular weight: 500, 1,050, 2,800, 5,970, 9,100, 18,100, 37,900, 96,400) , 190,000, 355,000, 1,090,000, 2,890,000) [manufactured by Tosoh Corporation]
- the ester group concentration based on the weight of (A) of the polyester resin (A) is 16 to 30% by weight, preferably 18 to 29% by weight from the viewpoint of heat and water storage stability.
- the amount is preferably 20 to 28% by weight, particularly preferably 25 to 28% by weight.
- the ester group concentration can be calculated from the number of ester groups [—C ( ⁇ O) O—] in (A), and is specifically a value represented by formula (3).
- Ester group concentration (unit:%) [(N ⁇ 44) / number average molecular weight] ⁇ 100 Formula (3)
- N is the average number of ester groups per molecule of the polyester resin (A)
- 44 is the formula weight of the ester group [—C ( ⁇ O) O—].
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum
- the polyester resin (A) needs to satisfy the above [Condition 1] based on the empirical formula. From the viewpoint of heat-resistant storage stability and wet heat-resistant storage stability, it is preferable to satisfy the following [Condition 2], and more preferable to satisfy the following [Condition 3]. [Condition 2] 229 ⁇ (ECON) + 90 ⁇ (OHV) ⁇ 10,000 [Condition 3] 229 ⁇ (ECON) + 90 ⁇ (OHV) ⁇ 8,500
- the hydroxyl value of the polyester resin (A) is usually from 1 to 30 mgKOH / g, preferably from 2 to 25 mgKOH / g, more preferably from 5 to 20 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoints of heat-resistant storage stability and wet heat-resistant storage stability. .
- the acid value of the polyester resin (A) is usually 40 mgKOH / g or less, preferably 0 to 30 mgKOH / g, more preferably 1 to 25 mgKOH / g, particularly preferably 2 to 20 mgKOH, from the viewpoint of heat and heat storage stability. / G.
- the hydroxyl value and acid value of (A) can be measured by the method of JIS K0070-1992.
- the moisture content after storing the polyester resin (A) at 40 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80% for 20 hours is 12, based on the weight of (A) from the viewpoint of moisture and heat storage stability. It is preferably 000 ppm or less, more preferably 10,000 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 8,500 ppm or less.
- the 1/2 drop temperature (T1) by the flow tester of (A) and (A) of 40 The absolute value of the difference from the 1/2 drop temperature (T0) by the flow tester (A) before storage for 20 hours under the conditions of °C and relative humidity of 80% (moisture heat resistance test) From the viewpoint, it is preferably 8 ° C. or less, more preferably 7 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably 6 ° C. or less.
- the 1/2 drop temperature by the flow tester means that when 1 g of the sample resin is extruded from a nozzle having a heating rate of 6 ° C./min, a load of 1.96 MPa, a diameter of 1 mm, and a length of 1 mm by the flow tester. This is the temperature at which half spills.
- the “1/2 temperature drop” by the flow tester of the polyester resin (A) is measured as follows using a Koka type flow tester [for example, “CFT-500D” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation].
- the glass transition temperature (hereinafter abbreviated as Tg) of the polyester resin (A) is preferably 40 to 80 ° C. from the viewpoints of low-temperature fixability, heat-resistant storage stability, and heat-and-humidity storage stability in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. More preferably, it is 40 to 70 ° C., particularly preferably 40 to 60 ° C. Tg can be measured by the method (DSC) defined in ASTM D3418-82 using, for example, “DSC20, SSC / 580” (manufactured by Seiko Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the polyester resin (A) of the present invention can be produced by a known method. Specifically, it can be produced by polycondensation of polycarboxylic acid (a1) and polyhydric alcohol (a2) with monocarboxylic acid (a3) and / or monohydric alcohol (a4). In this case, all of these may be polycondensed at once, or the polyester resin produced from a part of the raw material is further divided into a plurality of polycondensation reactions, such as further polycondensation by adding the remaining raw material. May be.
- the polycarboxylic acid (a1) and the polyhydric alcohol (a2) are polycondensed to obtain the polyester resin (A), and then the polyvalent acid contained in the polyester resin (A).
- a step of removing the alcohol (a2) may be included.
- Examples of the step of removing the polyhydric alcohol (a2) contained in the polyester resin (A) include a method of removing it under reduced pressure.
- the pressure at the time of removing under reduced pressure is preferably 0.001 to 0.050 MPa, more preferably 0.002 to 0.040 MPa, and particularly preferably 0.003 to 0.020 MPa.
- the polyhydric alcohol (a2) When the polyhydric alcohol (a2) is removed under reduced pressure, the polyhydric alcohol (a2) may be removed under heating.
- the temperature is preferably 100 to 270 ° C., more preferably 150 to 260 ° C., and particularly preferably 170 to 250 ° C. is there.
- the reaction temperature during polycondensation is preferably 100 to 250 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is preferably 0.001 to 0.2 MPa
- the reaction time is preferably 1 to 50 hours.
- the polycondensation is preferably performed while removing generated water from the reaction system in order to improve the reaction rate.
- a catalyst in order to promote the reaction.
- the catalyst include inorganic acids (for example, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid), organic sulfonic acids (for example, methanesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, and the like) and organic metal compounds (for example, dibutyltin oxide, tetraisopropoxy). Titanate, bistriethanolamine titanate, potassium oxalate titanate, etc.).
- the catalyst can be neutralized as necessary after completion of the esterification reaction and treated with an adsorbent to remove and purify the catalyst.
- the toner binder of the present invention can contain a resin (B) other than the polyester resin (A) of the present invention.
- resin (B) include polyester resin (B1), polyurethane resin (B2), polyurea resin (B3), vinyl resin (B4), and epoxy resin (B5).
- the polyester resin (B1) is a polyester resin having a polycarboxylic acid (a1) and a polyalcohol (a2) as structural units, and the ester group concentration is not in the range of 16 to 30% by weight, or the above conditions Those not satisfying 1 are listed.
- polyurethane resin (B2) examples include those having the above-mentioned polyhydric alcohol (a2), polyhydric alcohol such as polyester resin having a hydroxyl group at the end and diisocyanate (c), and, if necessary, a diamine (b) as a structural unit. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the diamine (b) include aliphatic diamines (b1) having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and aromatic diamines (b2) having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the aliphatic diamine (b1) having 2 to 18 carbon atoms include a chain aliphatic diamine (b11) and a cyclic aliphatic diamine (b12).
- chain aliphatic diamine (b11) examples include alkylene diamines having 2 to 12 carbon atoms (ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and the like).
- cycloaliphatic diamine (b12) examples include alicyclic diamines having 4 to 15 carbon atoms ⁇ 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, isophoronediamine, mensendiamine, 4,4′-methylenedicyclohexanediamine (hydrogenated methylenedianiline). And 3,9-bis (3-aminopropyl) -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] undecane and the like ⁇ .
- aromatic diamine (b2) having 6 to 20 carbon atoms examples include 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-phenylenediamine, 2,4′- or 4,4′-diphenylmethanediamine, diaminodiphenylsulfone, Benzidine, thiodianiline, bis (3,4-diaminophenyl) sulfone, 2,6-diaminopyridine, m-aminobenzylamine, naphthylenediamine, 2,4- or 2,6-tolylenediamine, crude tolylenediamine, Diethyltolylenediamine, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 4,4'-bis (o-toluidine), dianisidine, diaminoditolylsulfone, 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-diamino Benzene, 1,3-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenz
- diisocyanate (c) an aromatic diisocyanate (c1) having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (excluding carbon in the NCO group; the same shall apply hereinafter), an aliphatic diisocyanate (c2) having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, Modified products (c3) (urethane groups, carbodiimide groups, allophanate groups, urea groups, burette groups, uretdione groups, uretoimine groups, isocyanurate groups and oxazolidone group-containing modified products) and mixtures of two or more of these It is done.
- Modified products (c3) urethane groups, carbodiimide groups, allophanate groups, urea groups, burette groups, uretdione groups, uretoimine groups, isocyanurate groups and oxazolidone group-containing modified products
- Aromatic diisocyanates (c1) include 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), crude TDI, m- or p-xylylene diisocyanate (XDI). ), ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), 2,4′- or 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), crude MDI ⁇ crude diaminophenylmethane [formaldehyde and aromatic Examples thereof include condensation products with amines (aniline) or mixtures thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- Examples of the aliphatic diisocyanate (c2) include a chain aliphatic diisocyanate (c21) and a cyclic aliphatic diisocyanate (c22).
- Examples of the chain aliphatic diisocyanate (c21) include ethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, and 2,6-diisocyanatome.
- Examples include tilcaproate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl) fumarate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl) carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
- cycloaliphatic diisocyanate examples include isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (hydrogenated MDI), cyclohexylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate (hydrogenated TDI), and bis (2-isocyanate). Natoethyl) -4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylate, 2,5- or 2,6-norbornane diisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- MDI dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate
- TDI methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate
- bis (2-isocyanate bis (2-isocyanate
- modified product of diisocyanate (c3) a modified product containing a urethane group, a carbodiimide group, an allophanate group, a urea group, a burette group, a uretdione group, a uretoimine group, an isocyanurate group and / or an oxazolidone group is used.
- Modified MDI urethane-modified MDI, carbodiimide-modified MDI, trihydrocarbyl phosphate-modified MDI, etc.
- urethane-modified TDI urethane-modified TDI
- a mixture thereof for example, a mixture of modified MDI and urethane-modified TDI (isocyanate-containing prepolymer)] and the like.
- diisocyanates (c) preferred are aromatic diisocyanates having 6 to 15 carbon atoms and aliphatic diisocyanates having 4 to 15 carbon atoms, and more preferred are TDI, MDI, HDI, hydrogenated MDI and IPDI. .
- Examples of the polyurea resin (B3) include those having the diamine (b) and the diisocyanate (c) as structural units.
- the vinyl resin (B4) is a polymer obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing a monomer having a polymerizable double bond.
- Examples of the monomer having a polymerizable double bond include the following (d) to (k) and (m).
- (D) Hydrocarbon monomer having a polymerizable double bond examples include (d1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon monomer having a polymerizable double bond and (d2) an aromatic hydrocarbon monomer having a polymerizable double bond.
- Cyclic hydrocarbon monomer having a polymerizable double bond C6-C30 monocycloalkene, dicycloalkene (cyclohexene, vinylcyclohexene, ethylidenebicycloheptene, etc.); and C5-C30 monocycloalkadiene, dicycloalkadiene (cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, etc.) )
- (D2) Aromatic hydrocarbon monomer having a polymerizable double bond: Styrene; Substituted styrene ( ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, ethylstyrene, isopropylstyrene, butylstyrene, phenylstyrene, cyclohexylstyrene, benzylstyrene, crotylbenzene, divinylbenzene, divinyltoluene, Divinylxylene, trivinylbenzene, etc.); vinylnaphthalene, etc.
- (Meth) acrylic acid [The expression “(meth) acryl” means acrylic or methacrylic. ], Crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, cinnamic acid, etc.
- ester of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid having 3-10 carbon atoms: Maleic acid monomethyl ester, maleic acid monodecyl ester, fumaric acid monoethyl ester, itaconic acid monobutyl ester, citraconic acid monodecyl ester, etc.
- Examples of the salt constituting the monomer salt having a carboxyl group and a polymerizable double bond include, for example, alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (calcium salt, magnesium salt). Etc.), ammonium salts, amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts and the like.
- the amine salt is not particularly limited as long as it is an amine compound.
- a primary amine salt ethylamine salt, butylamine salt, octylamine salt, etc.
- secondary amine diethylamine salt, dibutylamine salt, etc.
- tertiary amine Triethylamine salt, tributylamine salt, etc.
- the quaternary ammonium salt include tetraethyl ammonium salt, triethyl lauryl ammonium salt, tetrabutyl ammonium salt, tributyl lauryl ammonium salt and the like.
- Examples of the salt of the monomer having a carboxyl group and a polymerizable double bond include sodium acrylate, sodium methacrylate, monosodium maleate, disodium maleate, potassium acrylate, potassium methacrylate, monopotassium maleate, acrylic Examples include lithium acid, cesium acrylate, ammonium acrylate, calcium acrylate, and aluminum acrylate.
- R 1 is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 1 O may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the format may be random or block;
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms;
- m and n are each independently a number of 1 to 50;
- Ar is a benzene ring;
- R 4 is An alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- (G) Monomers having a phosphono group and a polymerizable double bond and salts thereof:
- (G1) Metal-on-semiconductor (Meth) acryloyloxyalkyl phosphoric acid monoester (alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms) 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acryloyl phosphate, phenyl-2-acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, and the like.
- (G2) (Meth) acryloyloxyalkylphosphonic acid (alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms) 2-acryloyloxyethylphosphonic acid and the like.
- a salt what was illustrated as a salt which comprises the monomer which has (e) a carboxyl group and a polymerizable double bond is mentioned.
- (H) Monomer having a hydroxyl group and a polymerizable double bond Hydroxystyrene, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, (meth) allyl alcohol, crotyl alcohol, isocrotyl alcohol, 1- Buten-3-ol, 2-buten-1-ol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, propargyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyethylpropenyl ether, sucrose allyl ether, and the like.
- Nitrogen-containing monomer having a polymerizable double bond (I1) Monomer having amino group and polymerizable double bond: Aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, N-aminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, (meth) allylamine, morpholinoethyl (meth) acrylate, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, crotylamine, N, N-dimethylaminostyrene, methyl- ⁇ -acetaminoacrylate, vinylimidazole, N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylthiopyrrolidone, N-arylphenylenediamine, aminocarbazole , Aminothiazole, aminoindole, aminopyrrole
- (I2) Monomer having an amide group and a polymerizable double bond: (Meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N, N′-methylene-bis (meth) acrylamide, cinnamic amide, N, N -Dimethylacrylamide, N, N-dibenzylacrylamide, methacrylformamide, N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, etc.
- a monomer having 3 to 10 carbon atoms having a nitrile group and a polymerizable double bond (Meth) acrylonitrile, cyanostyrene, cyanoacrylate and the like.
- a monomer having 8 to 12 carbon atoms having a nitro group and a polymerizable double bond Nitrostyrene etc.
- (K) a monomer having 2 to 16 carbon atoms having a halogen element and a polymerizable double bond: Vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, allyl chloride, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dichlorostyrene, chloromethylstyrene, tetrafluorostyrene, chloroprene and the like.
- (M2) C3-C16 ether having a polymerizable double bond Vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl propyl ether, vinyl butyl ether, vinyl-2-ethylhexyl ether, vinyl phenyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxyethyl ether, methoxybutadiene, vinyl-2-butoxyethyl ether, 3,4-dihydro -1,2-pyran, 2-butoxy-2′-vinyloxydiethyl ether, acetoxystyrene, phenoxystyrene and the like.
- (M3) C4-C12 ketone having a polymerizable double bond examples include vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone, and vinyl phenyl ketone.
- Examples of the epoxy resin (B5) include a ring-opening polymer of polyepoxide (n), a polyaddition product of polyepoxide (n) and an active hydrogen-containing compound.
- the active hydrogen-containing compound includes water, the diol, dicarboxylic acid (a11), diamine (b) and the like.
- polyepoxide (n) examples include aromatic polyepoxy compounds (n1), heterocyclic polyepoxy compounds (n2), alicyclic polyepoxy compounds (n3), and aliphatic polyepoxy compounds (n4). It is done.
- aromatic polyepoxy compound (n1) examples include glycidyl ether bodies (n11) and glycidyl ester bodies (n12) of polyhydric phenols, glycidyl aromatic polyamines (n13), and glycidylated products of aminophenol (n14). It is done.
- polyglycol glycidyl ether examples include bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol B diglycidyl ether, bisphenol AD diglycidyl ether, bisphenol S diglycidyl ether, halogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl, tetra Chlorobisphenol A diglycidyl ether, catechin diglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, hydroquinone diglycidyl ether, pyrogallol triglycidyl ether, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene diglycidyl ether, dihydroxybiphenyl diglycidyl ether, octachloro-4,4'- Dihydroxybiphenyl diglycidyl ether, tetramethylbiphenyl diglycol Cidyl ether, dihydroxynaphthylcresol triglycidyl
- polyglycol glycidyl ester examples include phthalic acid diglycidyl ester, isophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, and terephthalic acid diglycidyl ester.
- Examples of the glycidyl aromatic polyamine (n13) include N, N-diglycidylaniline, N, N, N ′, N′-tetraglycidylxylylenediamine and N, N, N ′, N′-tetraglycidyldiphenylmethanediamine. Can be mentioned.
- tolylene diisocyanate or a diglycidyl urethane compound obtained by addition reaction of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and glycidol a glycidyl group-containing polyurethane (pre) polymer obtained by reacting the two reactants with a polyol, and bisphenol A
- pre a glycidyl group-containing polyurethane
- heterocyclic polyepoxy compound (n2) examples include triglycidyl melamine.
- Examples of the alicyclic polyepoxy compound (n3) include vinylcyclohexene dioxide, limonene dioxide, dicyclopentadiene dioxide, bis (2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether, ethylene glycol bisepoxy dicyclopentyl ether, 3,4 -Epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxy-6'-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, bis (3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate, bis (3,4-epoxy-6 -Methylcyclohexylmethyl) butylamine and dimer acid diglycidyl ester.
- the alicyclic group also includes a nuclear hydrogenated product of the aromatic polyepoxide compound.
- Examples of the aliphatic polyepoxy compound (n4) include polyglycidyl ether (n41) of polyhydric aliphatic alcohol, polyglycidyl ester (n42) of polyvalent fatty acid, and glycidyl aliphatic amine (n43).
- Polyglycidyl ethers (n41) of polyhydric aliphatic alcohols include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tetramethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether , Polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polytetramethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane polyglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether and polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether Etc.
- Examples of the polyglycidyl ester (n42) of polyvalent fatty acid include diglycidyl oxalate, diglycidyl malate, diglycidyl succinate, diglycidyl glutarate, diglycidyl adipate and diglycidyl pimelate.
- Examples of the glycidyl aliphatic amine (n43) include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraglycidylhexamethylenediamine.
- a (co) polymer of diglycidyl ether and glycidyl (meth) acrylate is also included.
- polyepoxides (n) an aromatic polyepoxy compound (n1) and an aliphatic polyepoxy compound (n4) are preferable. Two or more polyepoxides may be used in combination.
- the resin (B) in the present invention may be obtained from the precursor (B0).
- the precursor (B0) is not particularly limited as long as it can become a resin (B) by a chemical reaction.
- the resin (B) is a polyester resin (B1), a polyurethane resin (B2), a polyurea resin (B3) or an epoxy resin (B5)
- (B0) includes a prepolymer ( ⁇ ) having a reactive group and a curing agent.
- a combination of ( ⁇ ) is mentioned.
- examples of (B0) include the monomers (d) to (k) and (m).
- a combination of a prepolymer ( ⁇ ) having a reactive group and a curing agent ( ⁇ ) is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the reactive group that the prepolymer ( ⁇ ) has is a reaction with the curing agent ( ⁇ ).
- examples of the method of forming (B) by reacting the precursor (B0) include a method of reacting ( ⁇ ) and ( ⁇ ) by heating to form (B).
- Examples of the combination of the reactive group of the prepolymer ( ⁇ ) having a reactive group and the curing agent ( ⁇ ) include the following [1] and [2].
- the active hydrogen-containing group ( ⁇ 2) is a functional group having active hydrogen.
- the functional group ( ⁇ 1) capable of reacting with the active hydrogen-containing compound includes an isocyanate group ( ⁇ 11), a blocked isocyanate group ( ⁇ 12), an epoxy group ( ⁇ 13), and an acid anhydride group ( ⁇ 14). And acid halide groups ( ⁇ 15) and the like. Of these, ( ⁇ 11), ( ⁇ 12), and ( ⁇ 13) are preferable, and ( ⁇ 11) and ( ⁇ 12) are more preferable.
- the blocked isocyanate group ( ⁇ 12) refers to an isocyanate group blocked with a blocking agent.
- the blocking agent include oximes (acetoxime, methyl isobutyl ketoxime, diethyl ketoxime, cyclopentanone oxime, cyclohexanone oxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime, etc.); lactams ( ⁇ -butyrolactam, ⁇ -caprolactam and ⁇ -valerolactam) Aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (such as ethanol, methanol and octanol); phenols (such as phenol, m-cresol, xylenol and nonylphenol); active methylene compounds (acetylacetone, ethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate) Etc.); basic nitrogen-containing compounds (N, N-diethylhydroxylamine, 2-hydroxypyridine, pyridine N-oxide, 2-mer
- Examples of the structural unit of the reactive group-containing prepolymer ( ⁇ ) include polyether ( ⁇ v), polyester ( ⁇ w), epoxy resin ( ⁇ x), polyurethane ( ⁇ y), and polyurea ( ⁇ z).
- Examples of the polyether ( ⁇ v) include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and polybutylene oxide.
- Examples of polyester ( ⁇ w) include polyester resin (A).
- Examples of the epoxy resin ( ⁇ x) include addition condensates of bisphenols (such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S) and epichlorohydrin.
- Examples of the polyurethane ( ⁇ y) include polyaddition products of polyalcohol (a2) and diisocyanate (c), and polyaddition products of polyester ( ⁇ w) and diisocyanate (c).
- Examples of polyurea ( ⁇ z) include polyaddition products of diamine (b) and diisocyanate (c).
- a hydroxyl group-containing polyester prepolymer, a carboxyl group-containing polyester prepolymer, an acid halide group-containing polyester prepolymer, a hydroxyl group-containing epoxy resin prepolymer, an epoxy group-containing epoxy resin prepolymer, a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane prepolymer, and An isocyanate group-containing polyurethane prepolymer or the like is obtained.
- the ratio of the constituent components for example, in the case of a hydroxyl group-containing polyester prepolymer, the ratio of the polyol component and the polycarboxylic acid component is preferably as the equivalent ratio [OH] / [COOH] of the hydroxyl group [OH] and the carboxyl group [COOH]. Is 2/1 to 1/1, more preferably 1.5 / 1 to 1/1, and particularly preferably 1.3 / 1 to 1.02 / 1. In the case of other skeleton and end group prepolymers, the ratios are the same except that the constituent components are changed.
- an isocyanate group-containing prepolymer is obtained by reacting, for example, a polyisocyanate with the prepolymer obtained in the method [1], and a blocked isocyanate is reacted with a blocked polyisocyanate.
- a group-containing prepolymer is obtained.
- an epoxy group containing prepolymer is obtained by making polyepoxide react with the prepolymer obtained by the said method [1].
- an acid anhydride group-containing prepolymer is obtained by reacting a polyanhydride.
- the amount of the compound containing a reactive group is, for example, when the isocyanate group-containing polyester prepolymer is obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group-containing polyester with a polyisocyanate so that the ratio of polyisocyanate is isocyanate group [NCO] and hydroxyl group-containing polyester.
- the equivalent ratio [NCO] / [OH] of the hydroxyl group [OH] is preferably 5/1 to 1/1, more preferably 4/1 to 1.2 / 1, and particularly preferably 2.5 / 1. ⁇ 1.5 / 1. In the case of prepolymers having other skeletons and terminal groups, the ratio is the same except that the constituent components are changed.
- the number of reactive groups contained per molecule in the reactive group-containing prepolymer ( ⁇ ) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1.5 to 3 on average, and particularly preferably 1.8 to 2 on average. .5. By setting it in the above range, the molecular weight of the cured product obtained by reacting with the curing agent ( ⁇ ) is increased.
- the Mn of the reactive group-containing prepolymer ( ⁇ ) is preferably 500 to 30,000, more preferably 1,000 to 20,000, and particularly preferably 2,000 to 10,000.
- the Mw of the reactive group-containing prepolymer ( ⁇ ) is preferably 1,000 to 50,000, more preferably 2,000 to 40,000, particularly preferably 4,000 to 20,000.
- Examples of the active hydrogen-containing compound ( ⁇ 1) include diamine ( ⁇ 11), diol ( ⁇ 12), dimercaptan ( ⁇ 13) and water which may be blocked with a detachable compound. Of these, ( ⁇ 11), ( ⁇ 12) and water are preferred, ( ⁇ 11) and water are more preferred, and blocked polyamines and water are particularly preferred. Examples of ( ⁇ 11) include the same as the diamine (b). Preferred as ( ⁇ 11) is 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, xylylenediamine, isophoronediamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and mixtures thereof.
- Examples of the diol ( ⁇ 12) include those similar to the diol (a21), and preferred ranges thereof are also the same.
- Examples of dimercaptan ( ⁇ 13) include ethanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,6-hexanedithiol, and the like.
- reaction terminator ( ⁇ s) can be used together with the active hydrogen-containing compound ( ⁇ 1).
- a reaction terminator in combination with ( ⁇ 1) at a certain ratio, it is possible to adjust (B) to a predetermined molecular weight.
- reaction terminator As the reaction terminator ( ⁇ s), monoamine (diethylamine, dibutylamine, butylamine, laurylamine, monoethanolamine and diethanolamine etc.); monoamine blocked (ketimine compound etc.); monohydric alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, Butanol and phenol); monomercaptan (such as butyl mercaptan and lauryl mercaptan); monoisocyanate (such as lauryl isocyanate and phenyl isocyanate); and monoepoxide (such as butyl glycidyl ether).
- monoamine diethylamine, dibutylamine, butylamine, laurylamine, monoethanolamine and diethanolamine etc.
- monoamine blocked ketimine compound etc.
- monohydric alcohol methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, Butanol and phenol
- monomercaptan such as butyl mercaptan and lauryl mercap
- the active hydrogen-containing group ( ⁇ 2) of the reactive group-containing prepolymer ( ⁇ ) in the combination [2] includes an amino group ( ⁇ 21), a hydroxyl group (alcoholic hydroxyl group and phenolic hydroxyl group) ( ⁇ 22), a mercapto group. ( ⁇ 23), a carboxyl group ( ⁇ 24), and an organic group ( ⁇ 25) blocked with a compound from which they can be removed. Of these, ( ⁇ 21), ( ⁇ 22) and ( ⁇ 25) are preferable, and ( ⁇ 22) is more preferable. Examples of the organic group blocked with a compound from which an amino group can be removed include the same groups as in the case of ( ⁇ 11).
- Examples of the compound ( ⁇ 2) capable of reacting with the active hydrogen-containing group include diisocyanate ( ⁇ 21), diepoxide ( ⁇ 22), polycarboxylic acid ( ⁇ 23), polyanhydride ( ⁇ 24), and polyacid halide ( ⁇ 25). . Of these, ( ⁇ 21) and ( ⁇ 22) are preferable, and ( ⁇ 21) is more preferable.
- diisocyanate ( ⁇ 21) examples include those similar to the diisocyanate (c), and preferred ones are also the same.
- Examples of the diepoxide ( ⁇ 22) include aromatic diepoxy compounds and aliphatic diepoxy compounds.
- the aromatic diepoxy compound include a glycidyl ether of polyhydric phenol, a glycidyl ester of an aromatic polycarboxylic acid, a glycidyl aromatic polyamine, and a glycidylated product of aminophenol.
- Examples of the diepoxide ( ⁇ 22) include diepoxides among the polyepoxides (n).
- Examples of the dicarboxylic acid ( ⁇ 23) include those similar to the dicarboxylic acid (a11) described above, and preferable ones are also the same.
- the ratio of the curing agent ( ⁇ ) is the ratio of the equivalent [ ⁇ ] of the reactive group in the reactive group-containing prepolymer ( ⁇ ) to the equivalent of the active hydrogen-containing group [ ⁇ ] in the curing agent ( ⁇ ) [ ⁇ . ] / [ ⁇ ] is preferably 1/2 to 2/1, more preferably 1.5 / 1 to 1 / 1.5, and particularly preferably 1.2 / 1 to 1 / 1.2. .
- curing agent ((beta)) is water, water is handled as a bivalent active hydrogen containing compound.
- the content of the polyester resin (A) in the toner binder of the present invention is preferably 20 to 99.9% by weight based on the weight of the toner binder, and preferably from 20 to 99.9% by weight from the viewpoint of low temperature fixability and wet heat storage stability. Is 50 to 99.5% by weight, particularly preferably 75 to 99% by weight.
- the toner binder of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the polyester resin (A) and, if necessary, the resin (B).
- a mixing method generally, a polyester resin (A) or a resin (B) in a pellet form or powder form is mixed with an appropriate mixer (Henschel mixer or the like), and further if necessary. Examples thereof include a method of heat-melt mixing with a kneader.
- the weight ratio [(A) / (B)] of the polyester resin (A) and the resin (B) is the total weight of (A) and (B) from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability and wet heat storage stability of the toner. Based on this, it is preferably 6/94 to 97/3, more preferably 20/80 to 95/5, and particularly preferably 35/65 to 90/10.
- the toner of the present invention is a toner containing the toner binder of the present invention, a colorant, and a release agent.
- colorant all of dyes and pigments used as toner colorants can be used. Specifically, carbon black, iron black, Sudan black SM, first yellow G, benzidine yellow, solvent yellow (21, 77, 114, etc.), pigment yellow (12, 14, 17, 83, etc.), Indian first orange, Irgasin Red, Paranitonianiline Red, Toluidine Red, Solvent Red (17, 49, 128, 5, 13, 22 and 48.2, etc.), Disperse Red, Carmine FB, Pigment Orange R, Lake Red 2G, Rhodamine FB, Rhodamine B lake, methyl violet B lake, phthalocyanine blue, solvent blue (25, 94, 60, 15.3, etc.), pigment blue, brilliant green, phthalocyanine green, oil yellow GG, Kayaset YG, o Tetrazole brown B and oil pink OP, and the like.
- a magnetic powder (a powder of a ferromagnetic metal such as iron, cobalt and nickel, a compound such as magnetite, hematite and ferrite) can also be contained to serve as a colorant.
- the content of the colorant is preferably 0 to 60% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 55% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 50% by weight based on the weight of the toner.
- those having a softening point of 50 to 170 ° C. are preferable, polyolefin wax, natural wax (for example, carnauba wax, montan wax, paraffin wax and rice wax), aliphatic alcohol having 30 to 50 carbon atoms ( For example, triacontanol etc.), fatty acids having 30 to 50 carbon atoms (eg triacontane carboxylic acid etc.) and mixtures thereof.
- natural wax for example, carnauba wax, montan wax, paraffin wax and rice wax
- aliphatic alcohol having 30 to 50 carbon atoms For example, triacontanol etc.
- fatty acids having 30 to 50 carbon atoms eg triacontane carboxylic acid etc.
- Polyolefin waxes include (co) polymers [obtained by (co) polymerization] of olefins (for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, 1-hexene, 1-dodecene, 1-octadecene, and mixtures thereof).
- olefins for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutylene, 1-hexene, 1-dodecene, 1-octadecene, and mixtures thereof.
- olefin (co) polymer oxides by oxygen and / or ozone maleic acid modifications of olefin (co) polymers [eg maleic acid and its derivatives (maleic anhydride, Modified products such as monomethyl maleate, monobutyl maleate and dimethyl maleate), olefins and unsaturated carboxylic acids [(meth) acrylic acid, itaconic acid and maleic anhydride, etc.] and / or unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl esters [(meta ) Alkyl acrylate (alkyl having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) ester and Copolymers with alkyl maleates (alkyl esters of 1 to 18 carbon atoms of alkyl), etc., other hydrocarbon waxes (eg Fischer-Tropsch waxes such as sazol wax), fatty acid metal salts (eg calcium stearate) and fatty acids Examples thereof include esters (eg behenyl benoate).
- the content of the releasing agent is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, and particularly preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the toner.
- the toner of the present invention can contain a charge control agent, a fluidizing agent and the like in addition to the toner binder, the colorant, and the release agent.
- charge control agents nigrosine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes containing tertiary amines as side chains, quaternary ammonium salts, polyamine resins, imidazole derivatives, quaternary ammonium base-containing polymers, metal-containing azo dyes, copper phthalocyanine dyes , Salicylic acid metal salts, boron complexes of benzylic acid, sulfonic acid group-containing polymers, fluorine-containing polymers, halogen-substituted aromatic ring-containing polymers, metal complexes of salicylic acid alkyl derivatives, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and the like.
- the content of the charge control agent is preferably 0 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 7.5% by weight based on the weight of the toner.
- colloidal silica, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, calcium carbonate powder, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc oxide, silica sand, clay, mica, wollastonite examples include diatomaceous earth, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, bengara, antimony trioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, and barium carbonate.
- the content of the fluidizing agent is preferably 0 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the toner.
- the content of the toner binder of the present invention in the toner is preferably 30 to 97% by weight, more preferably 40 to 95% by weight, and particularly preferably 45 to 92% by weight based on the weight of the toner.
- the toner is mixed with carrier particles [iron powder, glass beads, nickel powder, ferrite, magnetite, and ferrite (surface coated with acrylic resin, silicone resin, etc.), etc.] as necessary, and an electric latent image is mixed. It can be used as a developer. Further, instead of carrier particles, an electric latent image can be formed by rubbing with a charging blade or the like, and the electric latent image can be formed on a support (paper, polyester film, etc.) by a known heat roll fixing method. ).
- the volume average particle diameter of the toner is preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 3 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle diameter of the toner can be measured using a Coulter counter “Multisizer III” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
- the toner production method is not particularly limited, and may be obtained by a known kneading and pulverization method, emulsion phase inversion method, polymerization method or the like.
- a toner is obtained by a kneading and pulverizing method
- the components constituting the toner excluding the fluidizing agent are dry blended, and then melt-kneaded, then coarsely pulverized, and finally atomized using a jet mill pulverizer or the like.
- fine particles having a volume average particle diameter of preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ m can be obtained, and then mixed with a fluidizing agent.
- the toner When the toner is obtained by the emulsion phase inversion method, the components constituting the toner excluding the fluidizing agent are dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, and then emulsified by adding water, etc., and then separated and classified. . Further, it may be produced by a method using organic fine particles described in JP-A No. 2002-284881 or a method of dispersing in carbon dioxide in a supercritical state described in JP-A No. 2007-277511.
- the mixture was reacted for 5 hours while distilling off, and then reacted for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 29 parts by weight (4.3 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-1).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 259 parts by weight.
- the recovered propylene glycol was 265 parts by weight.
- the reaction was performed for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 026 MPa. Next, the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 29 parts by weight (4.4 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-3).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 265 parts by weight.
- the reaction was performed for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 17 parts by weight (2.6 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-4).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 239 parts by weight.
- the reaction was performed for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 27.3 parts by weight (4.0 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-6).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 256 parts by weight.
- the reaction was performed for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 27.3 parts by weight (4.2 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-8).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 250 parts by weight.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 27.3 parts by weight (5.1 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-9).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 165 parts.
- the reaction was carried out for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa. .
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 27.3 parts by weight (4.0 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-10).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 256 parts by weight.
- the reaction was carried out for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 25.6 parts by weight (3.9 parts by mole) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted at normal pressure for 1 hour to obtain a polyester resin (A-11).
- the recovered 1,3-propanediol was 270 parts by weight.
- the pressure was reduced to 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the reaction was carried out for 1 hour.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 32.4 parts by weight (5.7 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (A-12).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 239 parts by weight and methanol was 280 parts by weight.
- the recovered propylene glycol was 304 parts by weight.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 27.3 parts by weight (3.1 mole parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (RA-1).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 106 parts by weight.
- Comparative Example 2 Synthesis of Comparative Polyester Resin (RA-2)
- a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a thermometer, a cooling tube and a nitrogen introduction tube 642 parts by weight of propylene glycol (100.0 moles), 701 parts by weight of terephthalic acid (90.1 moles), adipine 47 parts by weight (6.9 parts by mole) of acid and 2.5 parts by weight of titanium diisopropoxybistriethanolamate as a polymerization catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out for 5 hours while distilling off the generated water at 210 ° C. in a nitrogen stream. Then, the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 27.3 parts by weight (3.0 parts by mole) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted at normal pressure for 1 hour to obtain a polyester resin (RA-2).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 257 parts by weight.
- the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 27.3 parts by weight (2.8 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (RA-3).
- the recovered ethylene glycol was 64 parts by weight.
- Comparative Example 4 Synthesis of Comparative Polyester Resin (RA-4)
- a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, a thermometer, a cooling pipe and a nitrogen introduction pipe 453 parts by weight of propylene glycol (65.8 mole parts excluding the following 279 parts by weight of recovered portion), PO2 mole of bisphenol A 415 parts (34.2 moles) of adduct, 421 parts by weight (80.9 moles) of terephthalic acid, 65 parts by weight (14.3 moles) of adipic acid, titanium diisopropoxybistriethanolamate 2 as a polymerization catalyst .5 parts by weight was added and reacted for 5 hours while distilling off the generated water under a nitrogen stream at 210 ° C., and then reacted for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 29.0 parts by weight (4.8 mole parts) of trimellitic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a polyester resin (RA-4).
- the recovered propylene glycol was 279 parts by weight.
- the reaction was carried out for 5 hours while distilling off the generated water under a nitrogen stream, and then the reaction was carried out for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa. Next, the mixture was cooled to 180 ° C., 16.8 parts by weight (3.8 parts by mole) of trimellitic anhydride and 18.1 parts (5.4 parts by weight) of phthalic anhydride were added, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour under normal pressure. Resin (RA-7) was obtained.
- Tables show physical properties of the polyester resins (A-1) to (A-15) obtained in Examples 1 to 15 and the polyester resins (RA-1) to (RA-8) obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 8. 1 and 2.
- (a1) is a polycarboxylic acid
- (a21) is an alkylene glycol having 3 carbon atoms
- (a22) is a diol having an aromatic ring
- (a3) is a monocarboxylic acid
- (a4) is a monohydric alcohol Represents.
- (B1-2) had a Tg of 65 ° C., an Mw of 90,000, an acid value of 10, and a hydroxyl value of 10.
- Examples 16 to 32 Comparative Examples 9 to 16> Production using polyester resins (A-1) to (A-15) obtained in Examples 1 to 15 and polyester resins (RA-1) to (RA-8) obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 8
- the nonlinear polyester resins (B1-1) and (B1-2) obtained in Examples 1 and 2 were blended according to the blending ratio (parts by weight) shown in Tables 3 and 4, and the toner binder of the present invention and the comparative toner binder were blended.
- the toner was obtained by the following method.
- the mixture was finely pulverized using a supersonic jet crusher lab jet [manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd.], and then classified by an airflow classifier [MDS-I made by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd.]. 8 ⁇ m toner particles were obtained.
- 100 parts by weight of toner particles and 0.5 parts by weight of colloidal silica (Aerosil R972: manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) are mixed in a sample mill, and toners (D-1) to (D-17) of the present invention are mixed.
- Comparative toner compositions (RD-1) to (RD-8) were obtained.
- Tables 3 and 4 show the compositions of Examples 16 to 32 and Comparative Examples 9 to 16 and the results evaluated by the methods described later.
- a pressure-resistant reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a heating / cooling device, and a thermometer, 350 parts by weight of a polyester resin, 50 parts by weight of isophorone diisocyanate, 600 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, and 0.5 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water are put in a sealed state. Reaction was performed at 90 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a precursor (B0-1) solution having an isocyanate group at the molecular end. The urethane group concentration of the precursor (B0-1) solution was 5.2% by weight, and the urea group concentration was 0.3% by weight. The solid content was 45% by weight.
- a fine particle dispersion (1) was obtained.
- the volume average particle size of the particles dispersed in the fine particle dispersion (1) was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus “LA-920” (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). .1 ⁇ m.
- a part of the fine particle dispersion (1) was taken out and Tg and Mw were measured. As a result, Tg was 65 ° C. and Mw was 150,000.
- the reaction was carried out for 4 hours while distilling off the produced propylene glycol and water under a nitrogen stream, and the reaction was further carried out for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.007 to 0.026 MPa.
- the recovered propylene glycol was 175 parts by weight (5.5 mole parts).
- the mixture is cooled to 180 ° C., 121 parts by weight (1.5 mol parts) of trimellitic anhydride is added, and after 2 hours of reaction under normal pressure sealing, the reaction is continued at 220 ° C. and normal pressure until the softening point is 180 ° C.
- a polyester resin (Mn 8,500) was obtained.
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and performance evaluation results of the toners (D-18) to (D-20) and (RD-9) of Examples 33 to 35 and Comparative Example 17.
- this mixed liquid was transferred to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and ethyl acetate was distilled off at 50 ° C. until the concentration became 0.5% by weight or less, and then washed, filtered, and filtered at 40 ° C. After drying for 18 hours, the toners (D-21) and (D-22) of the present invention and the comparative toner (RD-10) were obtained with a volatile content of 0.5% by weight or less.
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and performance evaluation results of the toners (D-21), (D-22), and (RD-10) of Examples 36 and 37 and Comparative Example 18.
- Example 38> In the experimental apparatus of FIG. 1, first, the valves V1 and V2 were closed, and carbon dioxide (purity 99.99%) was introduced into the particle recovery tank T4 from the cylinder B2 using the pump P4, and the pressure was adjusted to 14 MPa and 40 ° C. The resin solution (C-1) was charged into the resin solution tank T1, and the fine particle dispersion 1 was charged into the fine particle dispersion tank T2. Next, liquid carbon dioxide is introduced into the dispersion tank T3 from the liquid carbon dioxide cylinder B1 using the pump P3, adjusted to a supercritical state (9 MPa, 40 ° C.), and further the pump P2 is connected from the tank T2. The fine particle dispersion 1 was introduced.
- the mixed solution of the resin solution (C-1) was introduced from the tank T1 into the dispersion tank T3 using the pump P1. After the introduction, the pressure inside T3 was 14 MPa.
- the weight ratio of the preparation composition to the dispersion tank T3 is as follows.
- Resin solution (C-1) 490 parts by weight Fine particle dispersion (1) 45 parts by weight Carbon dioxide 550 parts by weight
- the weight of the introduced carbon dioxide is obtained by calculating the density of carbon dioxide from the temperature of carbon dioxide (40 ° C.) and the pressure (15 MPa) from the state equation described in the following document, and multiplying this by the volume of the dispersion tank T3. (The same applies hereinafter).
- Literature Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference data, vol. 25, P.I. 1509 to 1596
- the pressure was maintained at 14 MPa by adjusting the opening of the pressure adjusting valve V2 while introducing carbon dioxide from the pressure cylinder B2 into the particle recovery tank T4 using the pump P4.
- carbon dioxide containing the solvent was discharged into the solvent trap tank T5, and the resin particles (D-24) were captured by the filter F1.
- the operation of introducing carbon dioxide from the pressure cylinder B2 into the particle recovery tank T4 using the pump P4 was stopped when 5 times the amount of carbon dioxide introduced into the dispersion tank T3 was introduced into the particle recovery tank T4. .
- the operation of replacing carbon dioxide containing the solvent with carbon dioxide not containing the solvent and capturing the resin particles (D-23) in the filter F1 was completed.
- a toner (D-23) of the present invention in which a colorant and a wax were finely and uniformly dispersed in (Y-1) was obtained.
- Example 39 A toner (D-24) of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 40 except that the resin solution (C-1) was changed to the resin solution (C-2).
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and performance evaluation results of the toners (D-23), (D-24), and (RD-11) of Examples 38 and 39 and Comparative Example 19.
- toners (D-1) to (D-24) and (RD-1) to (RD-11) the volume average particle diameter and particle size distribution are measured by the following methods, and low temperature fixability, durability and heat resistant storage are measured. Stability, wet heat storage stability, and component contamination were evaluated.
- Toners (D-1) to (D-24) and (RD-1) to (RD-11) are dispersed in water to prepare a Coulter counter “Multisizer III” (Beckman Coulter). Volume average particle diameter and number average particle diameter were measured. The particle size distribution (volume average particle size / number average particle size) was calculated from the measurement results.
- Heat-resistant storage stability Toners (D-1) to (D-24) and (RD-1) to (RD-11) are allowed to stand at 40 ° C. for 1 day, and the degree of blocking is judged visually.
- the heat resistant storage stability was evaluated according to the following criteria. [Evaluation criteria] ⁇ : Blocking has not occurred ⁇ : Blocking has occurred
- the toner using the toner binder of the present invention is excellent in low-temperature fixability, heat-resistant storage stability, moisture-and-heat storage stability, and member contamination, so that it can be used as an electrophotographic toner, electrostatic recording toner, electrostatic printing toner, etc. Useful.
- T1 Resin solution tank T2: Fine particle dispersion tank T3: Dispersion tank (maximum operating pressure: 20 MPa, maximum operating temperature: 100 ° C., with stirrer) T4: Particle recovery tank (maximum operating pressure: 20 MPa, maximum operating temperature: 100 ° C.) F1: Ceramic filter (mesh: 0.5 ⁇ m) T5: Solvent trap B1, B2: Carbon dioxide cylinder P1, P2: Solution pump P3, P4: Carbon dioxide pump V1, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8: Valve V2: Pressure adjustment valve
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Abstract
Description
さらに、一般的な事象として、複写機、プリンタを構成する部材、例えば、現像剤を収納する現像槽等にトナーに含まれる成分が付着し、画像劣化の一因となることがあった。
すなわち本発明は、ポリカルボン酸成分としてのポリカルボン酸(a1)及び多価アルコール成分としての多価アルコール(a2)を構成単位として有し、更に末端の一部がモノカルボン酸(a3)及び/又はモノアルコール(a4)でエステル化されたポリエステル樹脂(A)を含有してなるトナーバインダーであって、(A)の重量に基づく(A)のエステル基濃度が16~30重量%であり、多価アルコール(a2)が、炭素数3のアルキレングリコール(a21)及び芳香環を有するジオール(a22)を含有し、(a21)と(a22)がモル比で(a21)/(a22)=5/95~70/30であり、(A)が下記条件1を満たすポリエステル樹脂であるトナーバインダー;及びこのトナーバインダー、着色剤及び離型剤を含有してなるトナーである。
[条件1]
229×(ECON)+90×(OHV)≦12,000
但し、(ECON):重量%単位で表した(A)のエステル基濃度を示す数値を表し、(OHV):mgKOH/g単位で表した(A)の水酸基価を示す数値を表す。
本発明のトナーバインダーは、ポリカルボン酸成分としてのポリカルボン酸(a1)及び多価アルコール成分としての多価アルコール(a2)を構成単位として有し、更に末端の一部がモノカルボン酸(a3)及び/又はモノアルコール(a4)でエステル化されたポリエステル樹脂(A)を含有する。そして、このポリエステル樹脂(A)の重量に基づく(A)のエステル基濃度は16~30重量%であり、多価アルコール(a2)が、炭素数3のアルキレングリコール(a21)及び芳香環を有するジオール(a22)を含有し、(a21)と(a22)がモル比で(a21)/(a22)=5/95~70/30である。さらにポリエステル樹脂(A)は下記条件1を満足する。
[条件1]
229×(ECON)+90×(OHV)≦12,000
但し、(ECON):重量%単位で表した(A)のエステル基濃度を示す数値を表し、(OHV):mgKOH/g単位で表した(A)の水酸基価を示す数値を表す。
ポリカルボン酸(a1)としては、ジカルボン酸(a11)、3~6価又はそれ以上のポリカルボン酸(a12)、並びに(a11)又は(a12)の変性体(a13)等が挙げられる。なお、(a1)は単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
これらのうち好ましいのは、アルケンジカルボン酸及び芳香族ジカルボン酸であり、更に好ましいのは芳香族ジカルボン酸である。
(a11)又は(a12)の酸無水物としては、トリメリット酸無水物、フタル酸無水物、マレイン酸無水物及びピロメリット酸無水物等が挙げられる。
(a11)又は(a12)の低級アルキルエステルとしては、メチルエステル、エチルエステル及びイソプロピルエステル等が挙げられる。
炭素数3のアルキレングリコール(a21)としては、1,2-プロピレングリコール、1,3-プロピレングリコールが挙げられる。
これらのうち好ましいのは、脂肪族多価アルコール及びノボラック樹脂のAO付加物であり、更に好ましいのはノボラック樹脂のAO付加物である。
モノカルボン酸(a3)としては、芳香族モノカルボン酸(a31)、脂肪族モノカルボン酸(a32)、及び(a31)又は(a32)の変性体(a33)等が挙げられる。なお、(a3)は単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
アクリル酸、メタクリル酸等のエチレン性モノカルボン酸(a52);
アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸n-プロピル、アクリル酸イソプロピル、アクリル酸n-ブチル、アクリル酸イソブチル、アクリル酸t-ブチル、アクリル酸アミル、アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、アクリル酸n-オクチル、アクリル酸イソオクチル、アクリル酸デシル、アクリル酸ラウリル、アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸ステアリル、アクリル酸メトキシエチル、アクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル、アクリル酸グリシジル、アクリル酸2-クロルエチル、アクリル酸フェニル、α-クロロアクリル酸メチル;メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸n-プロピル、メタクリル酸イソプロピル、メタクリル酸n-ブチル、メタクリル酸イソブチル、メタクリル酸t-ブチル、メタクリル酸アミル、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル、メタクリル酸n-オクチル、メタクリル酸イソオクチル、メタクリル酸デシル、メタクリル酸ラウリル、メタクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル、メタクリル酸ステアリル、メタクリル酸メトキシエチル、メタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸グリシジル、メタクリル酸フェニル、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、メタクリル酸ジエチルアミノエチル等のアクリル酸、メタクリル酸等のエチレン性モノカルボン酸(a52)のエステル(a53);
アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、アクリルアミド等のエチレン性モノカルボン酸置換体(a54);
マレイン酸ジメチル等のエチレン性ジカルボン酸およびその置換体;ビニルメチルケトン等のビニルケトン類;ビニルエチルエーテル等のビニルエーテル類;ビニリデンクロリド等のビニリデンハロゲン化物等が挙げられる。
装置(一例) :「HLC-8120」[東ソー(株)製]
カラム(一例):「TSK GEL GMH6」[東ソー(株)製]2本
測定温度 :40℃
試料溶液 :0.25重量%のテトラヒドロフラン溶液(不溶解分をグラスフィルターでろ別したもの)
溶液注入量 :100μl
検出装置 :屈折率検出器
基準物質 :標準ポリスチレン(TSKstandard POLYSTYRENE)12点(分子量:500、1,050、2,800、5,970、9,100、18,100、37,900、96,400、190,000、355,000、1,090,000、2,890,000)[東ソー(株)製]
エステル基濃度(単位:%)=[(N×44)/数平均分子量]×100 式(3)
実際のエステル基濃度を算出するにあたり、核磁気共鳴スペクトル(NMR)等で(A)を構成するモノマー組成とエステル基数を求めて算出する方法や、(A)の製造に供した原料の量比からエステル基数を求めて算出する方法がある。
耐熱保存安定性及び耐湿熱保存安定性の観点から、好ましいのは下記[条件2]を満たすものであり、更に好ましいのは下記[条件3]を満たすものである。
[条件2]
229×(ECON)+90×(OHV)≦10,000
[条件3]
229×(ECON)+90×(OHV)≦8,500
なお、(A)の水酸基価及び酸価は、JIS K0070-1992の方法で測定することができる。
1gのポリエステル樹脂(A)を昇温速度6℃/分で加熱しながら、プランジャーにより1.96MPaの荷重を与え、直径1mm、長さ1mmのノズルから押し出し、測定試料の半分(0.5g)が流出したときの温度をフローテスターによる1/2降下温度とする。具体的には、「温度」と「プランジャー降下量(流れ値)」の軸でグラフを描き、プランジャーの降下量の最大値の1/2に対応する温度をグラフから読み取る。
重縮合は、反応速度を向上させるために、生成する水を反応系外に除去させながら行うのが好ましい。
炭素数2~18の脂肪族ジアミン(b1)としては、鎖状脂肪族ジアミン(b11)及び環状脂肪族ジアミン(b12)等が挙げられる。
鎖状脂肪族ジイソシアネート(c21)としては、エチレンジイソシアネート、テトラメチレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)、ドデカメチレンジイソシアネート、2,2,4-トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、リジンジイソシアネート、2,6-ジイソシアナトメチルカプロエート、ビス(2-イソシアナトエチル)フマレート、ビス(2-イソシアナトエチル)カーボネート及びこれらの混合物等が挙げられる。
以下の(d1)重合性二重結合を有する脂肪族炭化水素単量体と(d2)重合性二重結合を有する芳香族炭化水素単量体が挙げられる。
(d1)重合性二重結合を有する脂肪族炭化水素単量体:
(d11)重合性二重結合を有する鎖状炭化水素:
炭素数2~30のアルケン(エチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、イソブチレン、ペンテン、ヘプテン、ジイソブチレン、オクテン、ドデセン、オクタデセン等);炭素数4~30のアルカジエン(ブタジエン、イソプレン、1,4-ペンタジエン、1,5-ヘキサジエン、1,7-オクタジエン等)
炭素数6~30のモノシクロアルケン、ジシクロアルケン(シクロヘキセン、ビニルシクロヘキセン及びエチリデンビシクロヘプテン等);及び炭素数5~30のモノシクロアルカジエン、ジシクロアルカジエン(シクロペンタジエン、ジシクロペンタジエン等)
スチレン;スチレンの置換体(α-メチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、2,4-ジメチルスチレン、エチルスチレン、イソプロピルスチレン、ブチルスチレン、フェニルスチレン、シクロヘキシルスチレン、ベンジルスチレン、クロチルベンゼン、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルトルエン、ジビニルキシレン、トリビニルベンゼン等);ビニルナフタレン等。
(e1)炭素数3~15の不飽和モノカルボン酸:
(メタ)アクリル酸[「(メタ)アクリル」の表記は、アクリル又はメタクリルを意味する。]、クロトン酸、イソクロトン酸、桂皮酸等
(e2)炭素数3~30の不飽和ジカルボン酸及びその無水物:
(無水)マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、(無水)シトラコン酸、メサコン酸等
(e3)炭素数3~10の不飽和ジカルボン酸のモノアルキル(炭素数1~10)エステル:
マレイン酸モノメチルエステル、マレイン酸モノデシルエステル、フマル酸モノエチルエステル、イタコン酸モノブチルエステル、シトラコン酸モノデシルエステル等
4級アンモニウム塩としては、テトラエチルアンモニウム塩、トリエチルラウリルアンモニウム塩、テトラブチルアンモニウム塩、トリブチルラウリルアンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。
(f1)炭素数2~14のアルケンスルホン酸:
ビニルスルホン酸、(メタ)アリルスルホン酸、メチルビニルスルホン酸等
(f2)スチレンスルホン酸体:
α-メチルスチレンスルホン酸等及びこのアルキル(炭素数2~24)誘導体
(f3)炭素数5~18のスルホ(ヒドロキシ)アルキル(メタ)アクリレート:
スルホプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシ-3-(メタ)アクリロキシプロパンスルホン酸、2-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエタンスルホン酸、3-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸等
(f4)炭素数5~18のスルホ(ヒドロキシ)アルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド:
2-(メタ)アクリロイルアミノ-2,2-ジメチルエタンスルホン酸、2-(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸及び3-(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸等
(f5)アルキル(炭素数3~18)アリルスルホコハク酸:
プロピルアリルスルホコハク酸、ブチルアリルスルホコハク酸、2-エチルヘキシル-アリルスルホコハク酸等
(f6)ポリオキシアルキレン(オキシエチレン、オキシプロピレン及びオキシブチレン[重合度nが2~30]等。オキシアルキレンは単独又は併用でもよく、併用する場合、付加形式はランダム付加でもブロック付加でもよい。)モノ(メタ)アクリレートの硫酸エステル:
ポリオキシエチレンモノメタクリレート硫酸エステル(重合度n=5~15)、ポリオキシプロピレンモノメタクリレート硫酸エステル(重合度n=5~15)等
(f7)下記一般式(1)~(3)で表される化合物及びこれらの塩:
塩としては、(e)カルボキシル基と重合性二重結合を有する単量体の塩を構成する塩として例示したものが挙げられる。
(g1)(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキルリン酸モノエステル(アルキル基の炭素数1~24)
2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリロイルホスフェート及びフェニル-2-アクリロイロキシエチルホスフェート等。
(g2)(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキルホスホン酸(アルキル基の炭素数1~24)
2-アクリロイルオキシエチルホスホン酸等。
なお、塩としては、(e)カルボキシル基と重合性二重結合を有する単量体を構成する塩として例示したもの挙げられる。
ヒドロキシスチレン、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アリルアルコール、クロチルアルコール、イソクロチルアルコール、1-ブテン-3-オール、2-ブテン-1-オール、2-ブテン-1,4-ジオール、プロパルギルアルコール、2-ヒドロキシエチルプロペニルエーテル、庶糖アリルエーテル等。
(i1)アミノ基と重合性二重結合を有する単量体:
アミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、t-ブチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、N-アミノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、(メタ)アリルアミン、モルホリノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、4-ビニルピリジン、2-ビニルピリジン、クロチルアミン、N,N-ジメチルアミノスチレン、メチル-α-アセトアミノアクリレート、ビニルイミダゾール、N-ビニルピロール、N-ビニルチオピロリドン、N-アリールフェニレンジアミン、アミノカルバゾール、アミノチアゾール、アミノインドール、アミノピロール、アミノイミダゾール、アミノメルカプトチアゾール;及びこれらの塩等。
(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-メチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-ブチルアクリルアミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N’-メチレン-ビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、桂皮酸アミド、N,N-ジメチルアクリルアミド、N,N-ジベンジルアクリルアミド、メタクリルホルムアミド、N-メチル-N-ビニルアセトアミド、N-ビニルピロリドン等。
(メタ)アクリロニトリル、シアノスチレン、シアノアクリレート等。
(i4)ニトロ基と重合性二重結合を有する炭素数8~12の単量体:
ニトロスチレン等。
グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート及びp-ビニルフェニルフェニルオキサイド等。
塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、アリルクロライド、クロロスチレン、ブロムスチレン、ジクロロスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、テトラフルオロスチレン及びクロロプレン等。
(m1)重合性二重結合を有する炭素数4~16のエステル:
酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、ジアリルフタレート、ジアリルアジペート、イソプロペニルアセテート、ビニルメタクリレート、メチル-4-ビニルベンゾエート、シクロヘキシルメタクリレート、ベンジルメタクリレート、フェニル(メタ)アクリレート、ビニルメトキシアセテート、ビニルベンゾエート、エチル-α-エトキシアクリレート;
炭素数1~50のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート[メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ドデシル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサデシル(メタ)アクリレート、ヘプタデシル(メタ)アクリレート及びエイコシル(メタ)アクリレート等];
ジアルキルフマレート(2個のアルキル基は、炭素数2~8の直鎖、分枝鎖又は脂環式の基である);
ジアルキルマレエート(2個のアルキル基は、炭素数2~8の直鎖、分枝鎖又は脂環式の基である);
ポリ(メタ)アリロキシアルカン類(ジアリロキシエタン、トリアリロキシエタン、テトラアリロキシエタン、テトラアリロキシプロパン、テトラアリロキシブタン及びテトラメタアリロキシエタン等)等;
ポリアルキレングリコール鎖と重合性二重結合を有する単量体[ポリエチレングリコール[Mn=300]モノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコール(Mn=500)モノアクリレート、メチルアルコールEO10モル付加物(メタ)アクリレート及びラウリルアルコールEO30モル付加物(メタ)アクリレート等];
ポリ(メタ)アクリレート類[多価アルコール類のポリ(メタ)アクリレート:エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート及びポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート等]等が挙げられる。
ビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテル、ビニルプロピルエーテル、ビニルブチルエーテル、ビニル-2-エチルヘキシルエーテル、ビニルフェニルエーテル、ビニル-2-メトキシエチルエーテル、メトキシブタジエン、ビニル-2-ブトキシエチルエーテル、3,4-ジヒドロ-1,2-ピラン、2-ブトキシ-2’-ビニロキシジエチルエーテル、アセトキシスチレン、フェノキシスチレン等が挙げられる。
ビニルメチルケトン、ビニルエチルケトン、ビニルフェニルケトン等が挙げられる。
(m4)重合性二重結合を有する炭素数2~16の含硫黄化合物:
ジビニルサルファイド、p-ビニルジフェニルサルファイド、ビニルエチルサルファイド、ビニルエチルスルホン、ジビニルスルホン、ジビニルスルホキサイド等が挙げられる。
多価フェノールのグリシジルエーテル体(n11)としては、ビスフェノールFジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールBジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールADジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールSジグリシジルエーテル、ハロゲン化ビスフェノールAジグリシジル、テトラクロロビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル、カテキンジグリシジルエーテル、レゾルシノールジグリシジルエーテル、ハイドロキノンジグリシジルエーテル、ピロガロールトリグリシジルエーテル、1,5-ジヒドロキシナフタリンジグリシジルエーテル、ジヒドロキシビフェニルジグリシジルエーテル、オクタクロロ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニルジグリシジルエーテル、テトラメチルビフェニルジグリシジルエーテル、ジヒドロキシナフチルクレゾールトリグリシジルエーテル、トリス(ヒドロキシフェニル)メタントリグリシジルエーテル、ジナフチルトリオールトリグリシジルエーテル、テトラキス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)エタンテトラグリシジルエーテル、p-グリシジルフェニルジメチルトリールビスフェノールAグリシジルエーテル、トリスメチル-t-ブチル-ブチルヒドロキシメタントリグリシジルエーテル、9,9’-ビス(4-ヒドキシフェニル)フロオレンジグリシジルエーテル、4,4’-オキシビス(1,4-フェニルエチル)テトラクレゾールグリシジルエーテル、4,4’-オキシビス(1,4-フェニルエチル)フェニルグリシジルエーテル、ビス(ジヒドロキシナフタレン)テトラグリシジルエーテル、フェノール又はクレゾールノボラック樹脂のグリシジルエーテル体、リモネンフェノールノボラック樹脂のグリシジルエーテル体、ビスフェノールA2モルとエピクロロヒドリン3モルの反応から得られるジグリシジルエーテル体、フェノールとグリオキザール、グルタールアルデヒド又はホルムアルデヒドの縮合反応によって得られるポリフェノールのポリグリシジルエーテル体、及びレゾルシンとアセトンの縮合反応によって得られるポリフェノールのポリグリシジルエーテル体等が挙げられる。
脂環族系としては、前記芳香族系ポリエポキシド化合物の核水添化物も含む。
多価脂肪族アルコールのポリグリシジルエーテル体(n41)としては、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、テトラメチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリテトラメチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、トリメチロールプロパンポリグリシジルエーテル、グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル、ペンタエリスリトールポリグリシジルエーテル、ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル及びポリグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
多価脂肪酸のポリグリシジルエステル体(n42)としては、ジグリシジルオキサレート、ジグリシジルマレート、ジグリシジルスクシネート、ジグリシジルグルタレート、ジグリシジルアジペート及びジグリシジルピメレート等が挙げられる。
グリシジル脂肪族アミン(n43)としては、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジルヘキサメチレンジアミン等が挙げられる。脂肪族系としては、ジグリシジルエーテル、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレートの(共)重合体も含む。
樹脂(B)がポリエステル樹脂(B1)、ポリウレタン樹脂(B2)、ポリウレア樹脂(B3)又はエポキシ樹脂(B5)の場合、(B0)としては、反応性基を有するプレポリマー(α)と硬化剤(β)の組み合わせが挙げられる。
樹脂(B)がビニル樹脂(B4)である場合、(B0)としては、前記の単量体(d)~(k)、(m)が挙げられる。
前駆体(B0)のうち、生産性の観点から好ましいのは、反応性基を有するプレポリマー(α)と硬化剤(β)の組み合わせである。
〔1〕(α)が有する反応性基が、活性水素含有化合物と反応可能な官能基(α1)であり、(β)が活性水素含有化合物(β1)である組み合わせ。
〔2〕(α)が有する反応性基が活性水素含有基(α2)であり、(β)が活性水素含有基(α2)と反応可能な化合物(β2)である組み合わせ。
なお、ここで活性水素含有基(α2)とは活性水素を有する官能基である。
これらのブロック化剤のうち好ましいのはオキシム類であり、更に好ましいのはメチルエチルケトオキシムである。
ポリエーテル(αv)としては、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリプロピレンオキサイド及びポリブチレンオキサイド等が挙げられる。
ポリエステル(αw)としては、ポリエステル樹脂(A)等が挙げられる。
エポキシ樹脂(αx)としては、ビスフェノール類(ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF及びビスフェノールS等)とエピクロルヒドリンとの付加縮合物等が挙げられる。
ポリウレタン(αy)としては、ポリアルコール(a2)とジイソシアネート(c)の重付加物及びポリエステル(αw)とジイソシアネート(c)の重付加物等が挙げられる。
ポリウレア(αz)としては、ジアミン(b)とジイソシアネート(c)の重付加物等が挙げられる。
〔1〕2つ以上の構成成分のうちの1つを過剰に用いることで構成成分の反応性基を末端に残存させる方法;
〔2〕2つ以上の構成成分のうちの1つを過剰に用いることで構成成分の反応性基を末端に残存させた後に、更に残存した前記の反応性基と反応可能な化合物を反応させて、別の反応性基を導入する方法等が挙げられる。
反応性基含有プレポリマー(α)のMwは、好ましくは1,000~50,000であり、更に好ましくは2,000~40,000、特に好ましくは4,000~20,000である。
(β11)としては、前記ジアミン(b)と同様のものが挙げられる。(β11)として好ましいのは、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、キシリレンジアミン、イソホロンジアミン、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン及びこれらの混合物である。
ジメルカプタン(β13)としては、エタンジチオール、1,4-ブタンジチオール及び1,6-ヘキサンジチオール等が挙げられる。
アミノ基が脱離可能な化合物でブロック化された有機基としては、前記(β11)の場合と同様のものが挙げられる。
このジエポキシド(β22)としては前記のポリエポキシド(n)のうちのジエポキシドが挙げられる。
荷電制御剤としては、ニグロシン染料、3級アミンを側鎖として含有するトリフェニルメタン系染料、4級アンモニウム塩、ポリアミン樹脂、イミダゾール誘導体、4級アンモニウム塩基含有ポリマー、含金属アゾ染料、銅フタロシアニン染料、サリチル酸金属塩、ベンジル酸のホウ素錯体、スルホン酸基含有ポリマー、含フッ素系ポリマー、ハロゲン置換芳香環含有ポリマー、サリチル酸のアルキル誘導体の金属錯体、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド等が挙げられる。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、1,2-プロパンジオール(沸点:188℃、以下、単にプロピレングリコールと記載する)423重量部(下記回収分259重量部を除くと66.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物387部(34.0モル部)、テレフタル酸392重量部(66.5モル部)、アジピン酸61重量部(11.7モル部)、安息香酸76重量部(17.5モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸29重量部(4.3モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-1)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは259重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール432重量部(下記回収分264部を除くと66.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物396重量部(34.0モル部)、テレフタル酸434重量部(74.8モル部)、アジピン酸33重量部(6.5モル部)、安息香酸78重量部(18.2モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸3重量部(0.5モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-2)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは265重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール432重量部(下記回収分265重量部を除くと66.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物396重量部(34.0モル部)、テレフタル酸401重量部(70.8モル部)、アジピン酸62重量部(12.5モル部)、安息香酸51重量部(12.3モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸29重量部(4.4モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-3)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは265重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール394重量部(下記回収分239重量部を除くと66.4モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO3モル付加物417重量部(33.6モル部)、テレフタル酸430重量部(77.0モル部)、安息香酸20重量部(51.2モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸17重量部(2.6モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-4)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは239重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール435重量部(下記回収分291部を除くと62.3モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO3モル付加物460重量部(37.7モル部)、テレフタル酸392重量部(77.3モル部)、アジピン酸73重量部(16.4モル部)、安息香酸6.1重量部(1.6モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(4.7モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-5)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは291重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール419重量部(下記回収分256重量部を除くと66.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物384重量部(34.0モル部)、テレフタル酸458重量部(78.3モル部)、安息香酸76重量部(17.7モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(4.0モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-6)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは256重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール391重量部(下記回収分237重量部を除くと66.4モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO3モル付加物414重量部(33.6モル部)、テレフタル酸427重量部(76.0モル部)、安息香酸76重量部(18.6モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸16.8重量部(2.6モル部)、無水フタル酸14.2重量部(2.8モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-7)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは237重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール410重量部(下記回収分250重量部を除くと66.2モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物211重量部(19.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO3モル付加物190部(14.8モル部)、テレフタル酸448重量部(79.5モル部)、安息香酸67重量部(16.3モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(4.2モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-8)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは250重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール234重量部(下記回収分165重量部を除くと35.4モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物571重量部(64.6モル部)、テレフタル酸340重量部(72.9モル部)、安息香酸76部(22.1モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(5.1モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-9)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは165部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール405重量部(下記回収分248重量部を除くと66.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物371重量部(34.0モル部)、テレフタル酸442重量部(78.2モル部)、t-ブチル安息香酸107重量部(17.6モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(4.0モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-10)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは256重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、1,3‐プロパンジオール433重量部(下記回収分270部を除くと65.4モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物396重量部(34.6モル部)、テレフタル酸435重量部(76.4モル部)、アジピン酸33重量部(6.6モル部)、安息香酸54.7重量部(13.1モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸25.6重量部(3.9モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-11)を得た。回収された1,3‐プロパンジオールは270重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール427重量部(下記回収分301重量部を除くと47.8モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO3モル付加物452重量部(32.8モル部)、テレフタル酸467重量部(94.3モル部)、メタノール300重量部(下記回収分280重量部を除くと18.5モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸32.4重量部(5.7モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-12)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは239重量部、メタノールは280重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール127重量部(下記回収分114重量部を除くと7.8モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物688重量部(92.2モル部)、テレフタル酸278重量部(72.5モル部)、安息香酸52部(18.4モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸20.2重量部(4.6モル部)および無水フタル酸15.5部(4.5モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-13)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは114部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール449重量部(下記回収分299重量部を除くと61.4モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物432重量部(38.6モル部)、テレフタル酸490重量部(92.6モル部)、安息香酸19部(4.9モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸15.4部(2.5モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-14)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは299重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール453重量部(下記回収分304重量部を除くと61.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物436重量部(39.0モル部)、テレフタル酸495重量部(93.7モル部)、安息香酸19部(4.9モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸8.5部(1.4モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A-15)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは304重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール503重量部(100.0モル部)、テレフタル酸732重量部(96.9モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(3.1モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-1)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは106重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール642重量部(100.0モル部)、テレフタル酸701重量部(90.1モル部)、アジピン酸47重量部(6.9モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(3.0モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-2)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは257重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、エチレングリコール399重量部(100.0モル部)、テレフタル酸405重量部(48.6モル部)、イソフタル酸405重量部(48.6モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(2.8モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-3)を得た。回収されたエチレングリコールは64重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール453重量部(下記回収分279重量部を除くと65.8モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物415部(34.2モル部)、テレフタル酸421重量部(80.9モル部)、アジピン酸65重量部(14.3モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸29.0重量部(4.8モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-4)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは279重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、エチレングリコール354重量部(下記回収分218重量部を除くと65.8モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物398重量部(34.0モル部)、テレフタル酸237重量部(39.4モル部)、イソフタル酸237重量部(39.4モル部)、安息香酸76重量部(17.2モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸27.3重量部(3.9モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-5)を得た。回収されたエチレングリコールは218重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、1,4-ブタンジオール195重量部(下記回収分3重量部を除くと66.3モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物376部(33.7モル部)、テレフタル酸381重量部(69.9モル部)、アジピン酸59重量部(12.3モル部)、安息香酸61重量部(15.1モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸16.8重量部(2.6モル部)および無水フタル酸18.1部(3.6モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-6)を得た。回収された1,4-ブタンジオールは3重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物713部(100.0モル部)、テレフタル酸214重量部(59.8モル部)、アジピン酸33重量部(10.6モル部)、安息香酸67重量部(25.6モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸16.8重量部(3.8モル部)および無水フタル酸18.1部(5.4モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-7)を得た。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール498重量部(下記回収分270重量部を除くと79.5モル部)、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物268部(20.5モル部)、テレフタル酸462重量部(72.3モル部)、アジピン酸72重量部(12.8モル部)、安息香酸59重量部(12.6モル部)、重合触媒としてチタニウムジイソプロポキシビストリエタノールアミネート2.5重量部を入れ、210℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた後、0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸16.8重量部(2.2モル部)および無水フタル酸18.1部(3.1モル部)を加え、常圧下で1時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(RA-8)を得た。回収されたプロピレングリコールは270重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール785重量部(下記回収分391重量部を除くと22.0モル部)、テレフタル酸ジメチルエステル529重量部(5.8モル部)、アジピン酸288重量部(4.2モル部)、無水トリメリット酸39重量部(0.4モル部)、縮合触媒としてテトラブトキシチタネート3重量部を入れ、180℃で窒素気流下に、生成するメタノールを留去しながら8時間反応させた。次いで230℃まで徐々に昇温しながら、窒素気流下に、生成するプロピレングリコール、水を留去しながら4時間反応させ、さらに0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に反応させ、軟化点が105℃になった時点で取り出し、非線形ポリエステル樹脂(B1-1)を得た。(B1-1)のTgは50℃、Mwは120,000、酸価は1、水酸基価は20であった。回収されたプロピレングリコールは391重量部であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物592重量部(8.0モル部)、ビスフェノールAのEO2モル付加物139重量部(2.0モル部)、テレフタル酸283重量部(8.0モル部)、無水トリメリット酸54重量部(1.3モル部)、縮合触媒としてテトラブトキシチタネート3重量部を入れ、230℃で窒素気流下に、生成する水を留去しながら5時間反応させた。次いで0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に反応させ、軟化点が159℃になった時点で取り出し、非線形ポリエステル樹脂(B1-2)を得た。(B1-2)のTgは65℃、Mwは90,000、酸価は10、水酸基価は10であった。
実施例1~15で得られたポリエステル樹脂(A-1)~(A-15)、比較例1~8で得られたポリエステル樹脂(RA-1)~(RA-8)を用いて、製造例1~2で得られた非線形ポリエステル樹脂(B1-1)、(B1-2)を表3、4の配合比(重量部)に従い配合し、本発明のトナーバインダー、および比較のトナーバインダーを得て、下記の方法でトナー化した。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、ビスフェノールAのEO2モル付加物681重量部、ビスフェノールAのPO2モル付加物81重量部、テレフタル酸275重量部、アジピン酸7重量部、無水トリメリット酸22重量部、ジブチルチンオキサイド2重量部を投入し、常圧、230℃で5時間脱水反応を行った後、0.01~0.03MPaの減圧下で5時間脱水反応を行い、ポリエステル樹脂を得た。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、水690.0重量部、ポリオキシエチレンモノメタクリレート硫酸エステルのナトリウム塩「エレミノールRS-30」[三洋化成工業(株)製]9.0重量部、スチレン90.0重量部、メタクリル酸90.0重量部、アクリル酸ブチル110.0重量部及び過硫酸アンモニウム1.0重量部を投入し、350回転/分で15分間撹拌したところ、白色の乳濁液が得られた。次いで75℃まで昇温し、同温度で5時間反応させた。更に、1重量%過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液30重量部加え、75℃で5時間熟成してビニル系樹脂(スチレン-メタクリル酸-アクリル酸ブチル-メタクリル酸エチレンオキサイド付加物硫酸エステルのナトリウム塩の共重合体)の微粒子分散液(1)を得た。微粒子分散液(1)に分散されている粒子の体積平均粒径を、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定装置「LA-920」[(株)堀場製作所製]を用いて測定したところ、0.1μmであった。微粒子分散液(1)の一部を取り出し、Tg及びMwを測定したところ、Tgは65℃であり、Mwは150,000であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計、冷却管及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコール557重量部(17.5モル部)、テレフタル酸ジメチルエステル569重量部(7.0モル部)、アジピン酸184重量部(3.0モル部)及び縮合触媒としてテトラブトキシチタネート3重量部を投入し、180℃で窒素気流下に、生成するメタノールを留去しながら8時間反応させた。次いで230℃まで徐々に昇温しながら、窒素気流下に、生成するプロピレングリコール及び水を留去しながら4時間反応させ、更に0.007~0.026MPaの減圧下に1時間反応させた。回収されたプロピレングリコールは175重量部(5.5モル部)であった。次いで180℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸121重量部(1.5モル部)を加え、常圧密閉下で2時間反応後、220℃、常圧で軟化点が180℃になるまで反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(Mn=8,500)を得た。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、温度計及び滴下ボンベを備えた耐圧反応容器に、キシレン454重量部、低分子量ポリエチレン「サンワックス LEL-400」[軟化点:128℃、三洋化成工業(株)製]150重量部を投入し、窒素置換後撹拌下170℃に昇温し、同温度でスチレン595重量部、メタクリル酸メチル255重量部、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシヘキサヒドロテレフタレート34重量部及びキシレン119重量部の混合溶液を3時間かけて滴下し、更に同温度で30分間保持した。次いで0.039MPaの減圧下でキシレンを留去し、変性ワックス(1)を得た。変性ワックス(1)のグラフト鎖のSP値は10.35(cal/cm3)1/2、Mnは1,900、Mwは5,200、Tgは56.9℃であった。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、冷却管及び温度計を備えた反応容器に、パラフィンワックス「HNP-9」[融解熱最大ピーク温度:73℃、日本精鑞(株)製]10重量部、製造例6で得られた変性ワックス(1)1重量部及び酢酸エチル33重量部を投入し、撹拌下78℃に昇温し、同温度で30分間撹拌後、1時間かけて30℃まで冷却してパラフィンワックスを微粒子状に晶析させ、更にウルトラビスコミル(アイメックス製)で湿式粉砕し、離型剤分散液(1)を得た。体積平均粒径は0.25μmであった。
実施例1~3で得られたポリエステル樹脂(A-1)~(A-3)、比較例1で得られたポリエステル樹脂(RA-1)を用いて下記の方法で樹脂溶液(C-1)~(C-3)、(RC-1)を作成した。
撹拌装置、加熱冷却装置、冷却管及び温度計を備えた反応容器に、イソホロンジアミン50重量部とメチルエチルケトン300重量部を投入し、50℃で5時間反応を行った後、脱溶剤してケチミン硬化剤(β-1)を得た。硬化剤(β-1)の全アミン価は415であった。
製造例8~11で得られた樹脂溶液(C-1)~(C-3)、(RC-1)を用いて、以下の方法でトナーを作製した。ビーカーに、イオン交換水170.2重量部、製造例4で得られた微粒子分散液(1)0.3重量部、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム1重量部、ドデシルジフェニルエーテルジスルホン酸ナトリウムの48.5重量%水溶液「エレミノールMON-7」[三洋化成工業(株)製]36重量部及び酢酸エチル15.3重量部を投入し、撹拌して均一に溶解した。次いで50℃に昇温し、同温度でTKオートホモミキサーを10,000rpmに撹拌しながら、製造例3で得られた前駆体(B0-1)溶液11.2重量部、製造例12で得られた硬化剤(β-1)5.5重量部及び、樹脂溶液(C-1)~(C-3)、(RC-1)をそれぞれ63.8重量部投入し2分間撹拌した。次いでこの混合液を撹拌機及び温度計を備えた反応容器に移し、50℃で濃度が0.5重量%以下となるまで酢酸エチルを留去し、トナー粒子の水性樹脂分散体を得た。次いで洗浄、濾別し、40℃で18時間乾燥を行い、揮発分を0.5重量%以下として、本発明のトナー(D-18)~(D-20)、及び比較用のトナー(RD-9)を得た。
製造例8、9、11で得られた樹脂溶液(C-1)、(C-2)、(RC-1)を用いて以下の方法でトナーを作製した。ビーカーに、デカン108重量部、微粒子分散液(1)2.1重量部を投入し、撹拌して均一に溶解した。次いで50℃に昇温し、同温度でTKオートホモミキサーを10,000rpmに撹拌しながら、前駆体(B0-1)溶液11.2重量部、硬化剤(β-1)5.5重量部、及び樹脂溶液(C-1)、(C-2)、(RC-1)をそれぞれ63.8重量部投入し2分間撹拌した。次いでこの混合液を、撹拌機及び温度計を備えた反応容器に移し、50℃で濃度が0.5重量%以下となるまで酢酸エチルを留去し、次いで洗浄、濾別し、40℃で18時間乾燥を行い、揮発分を0.5重量%以下として、本発明のトナー(D-21)、(D-22)、及び比較用のトナー(RD-10)を得た。
図1の実験装置において、まずバルブV1、V2を閉じ、ボンベB2から、ポンプP4を用いて粒子回収槽T4に二酸化炭素(純度99.99%)を導入し、14MPa、40℃に調整した。また樹脂溶液タンクT1に樹脂溶液(C-1)を、微粒子分散液タンクT2には微粒子分散液1を投入した。次に、液状の二酸化炭素のボンベB1から、ポンプP3を用いて液状の二酸化炭素を分散槽T3に投入し、超臨界状態(9MPa、40℃)に調整し、更にタンクT2から、ポンプP2を用いて微粒子分散液1を導入した。次に、分散槽T3の内部を2,000rpmで攪拌しながら、タンクT1から、ポンプP1を用いて樹脂溶液(C-1)の混合液を分散槽T3内に導入した。導入後T3の内部の圧力は14MPaとなった。
樹脂溶液(C-1) 490重量部
微粒子分散液(1) 45重量部
二酸化炭素 550重量部
文献:Journal of Physical and Chemical Refarence data、vol.25、P.1509~1596
この操作により、溶剤を含む二酸化炭素を溶剤トラップ槽T5に排出すると共に、樹脂粒子(D-24)をフィルターF1に捕捉した。圧力ボンベB2から、ポンプP4を用いて粒子回収槽T4に二酸化炭素を導入する操作は、上記の分散槽T3に導入した二酸化炭素重量の5倍量を粒子回収槽T4に導入した時点で停止した。この停止の時点で、溶剤を含む二酸化炭素を、溶剤を含まない二酸化炭素で置換すると共に樹脂粒子(D-23)をフィルターF1に捕捉する操作は完了した。さらに、圧力調整バルブV2を少しずつ開き、粒子回収槽内を大気圧まで減圧することで、フィルターF1に捕捉されている、樹脂粒子(Y-1)の表面に微粒子分散液1中の微粒子由来の皮膜が形成され、(Y-1)中に着色剤とワックスが微細に均一分散された本発明のトナー(D-23)を得た。
樹脂溶液(C-1)を樹脂溶液(C-2)に変更する以外は実施例40と同様にして、本発明のトナー(D-24)を得た。
樹脂溶液(C-1)を樹脂溶液(RC-1)に変更する以外は実施例40と同様にして、比較用のトナー(RD-11)を得た。
トナー(D-1)~(D-24)、(RD-1)~(RD-11)について、以下の方法で体積平均粒径、粒度分布を測定し、低温定着性、耐久性、耐熱保存安定性、耐湿熱保存安定性、部材汚染性を評価した。
トナー(D-1)~(D-24)、(RD-1)~(RD-11)を水に分散してコールターカウンター「マルチサイザーIII」(ベックマンコールター社製)で体積平均粒径、個数平均粒径を測定した。また、粒度分布(体積平均粒径/個数平均粒径)を測定結果より算出した。
トナー(D-1)~(D-24)、(RD-1)~(RD-11)に、「アエロジルR972」[日本アエロジル(株)製]を1.0重量%添加し、よく混ぜて均一にした後、この粉体を紙面上に0.6mg/cm2となるよう均一に載せる(このとき粉体を紙面に載せる方法は、熱定着機を外したプリンターを用いる。上記の重量密度で粉体を均一に載せることができるのであれば他の方法を用いてもよい)。この紙を加圧ローラーに定着速度(加熱ローラ周速)213mm/sec、定着圧力(加圧ローラ圧)10kg/cm2の条件で通した時のコールドオフセットの発生温度を測定した。コールドオフセットの発生温度が低いほど、低温定着性に優れることを意味する。
50ccの共栓付ガラス瓶に、トナー(D-1)~(D-24)、(RD-1)~(RD-11)を1.0重量部「アエロジルR972」[日本アエロジル(株)製]を0.1重量部、鉄粉「F-150」[日本鉄粉(株)製]10gを精秤し、共栓をして23℃、50%RHの雰囲気下で、15Hzで5時間振動を加えたのち、目開き106μmのふるいでふるった後、ふるい上に残ったトナーを目視で判断し、下記基準で耐久性を評価した。
[評価基準]
◎:ふるい上にトナーが残らない。
○:ふるい上にブロッキングしたトナーが残るが、力を加えると容易に分散する。
×:ふるい上にブロッキングしたトナーが残り、力を加えても分散しない。
トナー(D-1)~(D-24)、(RD-1)~(RD-11)を40℃の雰囲気で1日間静置し、ブロッキングの程度を目視で判断し、下記の基準で耐熱保存安定性を評価した。
[評価基準]
○:ブロッキングが発生していない
×:ブロッキングが発生している
トナー(D-1)~(D-24)、(RD-1)~(RD-11)を40℃、相対湿度80%の雰囲気で20時間静置し、ブロッキングの程度を目視で判断し、下記の基準で耐湿熱保存安定性を評価した。
[評価基準]
◎:ブロッキングが発生しない。
○:ブロッキングが発生するが、力を加えると容易に分散する。
×:ブロッキングが発生し、力を加えても分散しない。
樹脂製の50mLボトルにトナー(D-1)~(D-24)、(RD-1)~(RD-11)を1.0重量部、鉄粉「F-150」[日本鉄粉(株)製]10gを精秤して入れ、密栓をして40℃、相対湿度80%の雰囲気下、15Hzで48時間振動を加えたのち、内容物を取り出した。続いて、ボトルの内壁部分を乾燥窒素ガスでブローし、内壁表面を顕微鏡で観察して、付着物の量を下記基準で評価した。
[評価基準]
◎:付着物が全く観察されない。
○:極微量の薄層の付着物しか観察されない
△:薄層の付着物がわずかに観察される。
×:積層または凝集したような大型の付着物が観察される。
T2:微粒子分散液タンク
T3:分散槽(最高使用圧力:20MPa、最高使用温度:100℃、撹拌機つき)
T4:粒子回収槽(最高使用圧力:20MPa、最高使用温度:100℃)
F1:セラミックフィルター(メッシュ:0.5μm)
T5:溶剤トラップ
B1、B2:二酸化炭素ボンベ
P1、P2:溶液ポンプ
P3、P4:二酸化炭素ポンプ
V1、V3、V4、V5、V6、V7、V8:バルブ
V2:圧力調整バルブ
Claims (10)
- ポリカルボン酸成分としてのポリカルボン酸(a1)及び多価アルコール成分としての多価アルコール(a2)を構成単位として有し、更に末端の一部がモノカルボン酸(a3)及び/又は1価アルコール(a4)でエステル化されたポリエステル樹脂(A)を含有してなるトナーバインダーであって、(A)の重量に基づく(A)のエステル基濃度が16~30重量%であり、多価アルコール(a2)が、炭素数3のアルキレングリコール(a21)及び芳香環を有するジオール(a22)を含有し、(a21)と(a22)がモル比で(a21)/(a22)=5/95~70/30であり、(A)が下記条件1を満たすポリエステル樹脂であるトナーバインダー。
[条件1]
229×(ECON)+90×(OHV)≦12,000
[但し、(ECON):重量%単位で表した(A)のエステル基濃度を示す数値を表し、(OHV):mgKOH/g単位で表した(A)の水酸基価を示す数値を表す。] - ポリエステル樹脂(A)が、その末端の一部がモノカルボン酸(a3)でエステル化されたポリエステル樹脂であって、モノカルボン酸(a3)が、芳香族モノカルボン酸(a31)である請求項1に記載のトナーバインダー。
- ポリエステル樹脂(A)の酸価が40mgKOH/g以下であり、(A)を40℃、相対湿度80%の条件下で20時間保管した後の(A)の水分量が、(A)の重量に基づき12,000ppm以下である請求項1または2に記載のトナーバインダー。
- 40℃、相対湿度80%の条件下で20時間保管した後のポリエステル樹脂(A)1gを、フローテスターにより昇温速度6℃/分、荷重1.96MPaで直径1mm、長さ1mmのノズルから押し出し、測定試料(A)の半分が流出したときの温度である1/2降下温度(T1)と、40℃、相対湿度80%の条件下で20時間保管する前の(A)のフローテスターによる1/2降下温度(T0)との差の絶対値が8℃以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のトナーバインダー。
- 芳香環を有するジオール(a22)がビスフェノールAのアルキレンオキシド付加物である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のトナーバインダー。
- 芳香族モノカルボン酸(a31)が安息香酸である請求項2~5のいずれかに記載のトナーバインダー。
- ポリエステル樹脂(A)のガラス転移温度が40~80℃である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のトナーバインダー。
- ポリエステル樹脂(A)の水酸基価が30mgKOH/g以下である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のトナーバインダー。
- ポリエステル樹脂(A)の数平均分子量が500~4000である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のトナーバインダー。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のトナーバインダー、着色剤及び離型剤を含有してなるトナー。
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JP7084453B2 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2022-06-14 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | イソシアネート基含有ウレタンプレポリマー及び樹脂粒子の製造方法 |
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JP6005289B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
US20160159976A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
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EP3026492B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
JPWO2015012251A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
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US9751976B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
CN105431783A (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
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