WO2014157144A1 - Ni基超耐熱合金及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
Ni基超耐熱合金及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014157144A1 WO2014157144A1 PCT/JP2014/058193 JP2014058193W WO2014157144A1 WO 2014157144 A1 WO2014157144 A1 WO 2014157144A1 JP 2014058193 W JP2014058193 W JP 2014058193W WO 2014157144 A1 WO2014157144 A1 WO 2014157144A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ni-base superalloy and a manufacturing method thereof.
- ⁇ ′ (gamma prime) phase precipitation strengthened Ni-based alloys containing a large amount of alloy elements such as Al and Ti are used.
- Ni-based forged alloys have been used for turbine disks that require high strength and reliability.
- a forged alloy is a term used in contrast to a cast alloy that is used while having a cast solidified structure, and a predetermined part shape is obtained by hot working an ingot obtained by melting and solidifying. It is a material manufactured by the process of making. By hot working, the coarse and inhomogeneous cast solidified structure is changed to a fine and homogeneous forged structure, which improves mechanical properties such as tensile strength and fatigue properties.
- ⁇ 'phases which are strengthening phases in the structure
- hot working represented by press forging becomes difficult, causing defects during production.
- the amount of components contributing to strengthening such as Al and Ti in the composition of a forged alloy is generally limited as compared to a cast alloy that is not hot worked.
- the turbine disk material having the highest strength at present is Udimet 720Li (Udimet is a registered trademark of Special Metals Co., Ltd.), and the amounts of Al and Ti are mass%, 2.5% and 5.0%, respectively. is there.
- the alloy composition can contain a large amount of the above-mentioned strengthening elements as compared with the alloy by melting / forging method.
- high-level management of the manufacturing process is indispensable and the cost is high, so this manufacturing method is limited to some applications.
- WO 2006/059805 pamphlet discloses a high-strength alloy that can be manufactured by a conventional melting / forging process. Although this alloy has a composition containing more Ti than Udimet 720Li, by adding a large amount of Co, the structure stability can be improved and hot working can be performed.
- the alloy disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document has very excellent characteristics as a forged alloy, the temperature range in which processing can be performed is narrow, and the amount of processing per process must be reduced. It is presumed that a manufacturing process in which processing and reheating are repeated many times is necessary. If hot workability can be improved, the time and energy required for production can be reduced. Further, since an alloy material having a shape closer to that of the final product can be obtained, the material yield is also improved.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied production methods for alloys having various compositions, and by selecting an appropriate heating process and controlling the particle size of the ⁇ ′ phase, which is a strengthening phase, can improve the hot workability. I found that it can be greatly improved.
- the present invention is a method for producing a Ni-base superalloy, which is, by mass%, C: 0.001 to 0.05%, Al: 1.0 to 4.0. %, Ti: 4.5-7.0%, Cr: 12-18%, Co: 14-27%, Mo: 1.5-4.5%, W: 0.5-2.5%, B : 0.001 to 0.05%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.1%, the step of preparing a hot work material having a composition comprising Ni and impurities in the balance, and this hot work material, A process of holding and heating at a temperature range of 1130 to 1200 ° C. for at least 2 hours, and a hot work material heated in this heating process to below the hot working temperature at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second or less. A step of cooling, and a step of performing hot working on the hot work material after the cooling step.
- the hot work material is at a temperature lower than the temperature in the heating step and in a temperature range of 950 to 1160 ° C. You may further include the 2nd heating process hold
- the aforementioned hot-worked material is, in mass%, C: 0.005 to 0.04%, Al: 1.5 to 3.0%, Ti: 5.5 to 6.7%, Cr: 13 to 16%, Co: 20 to 27%, Mo: 2.0 to 3.5%, W: 0.7 to 2.0%, B: 0.005 to 0.04%, Zr: 0.005 to 0 0.06%, the balance may have a composition comprising Ni and impurities.
- the hot-worked material described above is, by mass%, C: 0.005 to 0.02%, Al: 2.0 to 2.5%, Ti: 6.0 to 6.5%, Cr: 13 to 14%, Co: 24-26%, Mo: 2.5-3.2%, W: 1.0-1.5%, B: 0.005-0.02%, Zr: 0.010-0 0.04%, the balance may have a composition comprising Ni and impurities.
- Ni-based superalloy which is C: 0.001 to 0.05%, Al: 1.0 to 4.0%, Ti: 4.5-7.0%, Cr: 12-18%, Co: 14-27%, Mo: 1.5-4.5%, W: 0.5-2.5%, B: 0.001 0.05%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.1%, the balance is composed of Ni and impurities, and has a composition and a primary ⁇ ′ phase having an average particle diameter of 500 nm or more.
- the average particle diameter of the primary ⁇ ′ phase is more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the Ni-based superalloy described above has a mass% of C: 0.005 to 0.04%, Al: 1.5 to 3.0%, Ti: 5.5 to 6.7%, Cr: 13 to 16%, Co: 20 to 27%, Mo: 2.0 to 3.5%, W: 0.7 to 2.0%, B: 0.005 to 0.04%, Zr: 0.005 to 0 0.06%, the balance may have a composition comprising Ni and impurities.
- Ni-base superalloy described above has a mass% of C: 0.005 to 0.02%, Al: 2.0 to 2.5%, Ti: 6.0 to 6.5%, Cr: 13 to 14%, Co: 24-26%, Mo: 2.5-3.2%, W: 1.0-1.5%, B: 0.005-0.02%, Zr: 0.010-0 0.04%, the balance may have a composition comprising Ni and impurities.
- the method for producing a Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention is C: 0.001 to 0.05%, Al: 1.0 to 4.0%, Ti: 4.5-7.0%, Cr: 12-18%, Co: 14-27%, Mo: 1.5-4.5%, W: 0.5-2.5%, B: 0.001 0.05 to 0.05%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.1%, and the balance of Ni and impurities are heated to a hot working temperature of 800 to 1125 ° C., and then 1.1 to 2.
- the step of reheating the reheated material to a temperature range lower than the phase solid solution temperature, and the reheated material at 700 to 1125 ° C at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C / second or less A step of cooling to a temperature range, after said cooling step, and a step of performing a second hot working.
- the composition of the ingot is, by mass, C: 0.005 to 0.04%, Al: 1.5 to 3.0%, Ti: 5.5 to 6.7%, Cr: 13 to 16%, Co: 20 to 27%, Mo: 2.0 to 3.5%, W: 0.7 to 2.0%, B: 0.005 to 0.04%, Zr: 0.005 to 0.06%
- the balance may be made of Ni and impurities.
- the composition of the ingot is, by mass, C: 0.005 to 0.02%, Al: 2.0 to 2.5%, Ti: 6.0 to 6.5%, Cr: 13 to 14%, Co: 24 to 26%, Mo: 2.5 to 3.2%, W: 1.0 to 1.5%, B: 0.005 to 0.02%, Zr: 0.010 to 0.04%
- the balance may be made of Ni and impurities.
- the temperature of the reheating step may be 1135 ° C to 1160 ° C.
- the hot working is performed by appropriately managing the material temperature at the time of manufacture.
- Ni-base superalloy having high strength sufficient for use in aircraft engines, power generation gas turbines, etc., and also having good hot workability, and a method for producing the same Can be provided.
- the present invention energy and time required for processing can be reduced as compared with the conventional manufacturing method, and the yield of materials can be improved. Furthermore, since the alloy of the present invention has higher strength than conventionally used alloys, when used in a heat engine as described above, the operating temperature can be increased. It is expected to contribute to higher efficiency.
- the purpose of hot working is to obtain a homogeneous recrystallized structure by repeating heating and working on a heterogeneous cast structure in addition to imparting a shape.
- the Ni-base superalloy having the above composition is very high in strength, work cracks and wrinkles are likely to occur even with a small amount of strain, so that it gives the amount of strain necessary for recrystallization. It is difficult and processing cannot be continued.
- good hot workability can be realized by appropriately managing the material temperature and managing the deformation amount at the time of manufacture.
- FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph showing the metal structures of one example and a comparative example of the Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph showing the metal structure of an example of the Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph showing the metal structure of an example of the Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph showing the metal structure of an example of the Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph showing the metal structure of an example of the Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph showing the metal structure of a comparative example of a Ni-base superalloy.
- FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph showing the metal structure of an example of the Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention.
- the range of the content of each alloy component in the composition of the hot-worked material or ingot of the Ni-base superalloy and the reason thereof will be described.
- the unit of content rate is the mass%.
- C 0.001 to 0.05%
- C has the effect of increasing the strength of the grain boundaries. This effect appears when the content is 0.001% or more. However, when C is excessively contained, coarse carbides are formed, and the strength and hot workability are lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the C content is set to 0.05%.
- the range of the C content is preferably 0.005 to 0.04%, more preferably 0.005 to 0.02%.
- Cr 12-18% Cr is an element that improves oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. In order to obtain the effect, the content needs to be 12% or more. If Cr is contained excessively, an embrittlement phase such as a ⁇ phase is formed and the strength and hot workability are lowered, so the upper limit of the Cr content is 18%.
- the range of the Cr content is preferably 13 to 16%, more preferably 13 to 14%.
- Co 14-27%
- Co improves the stability of the structure and makes it possible to maintain the hot workability even when the alloy contains a large amount of Ti which is a strengthening element.
- the Co content needs to be 14% or more.
- the hot workability improves as the amount of Co increases.
- the upper limit of the Co content is set to 27%. From the viewpoint of both strength and hot workability, the range of Co content is preferably 20 to 27%, more preferably 24 to 26%.
- Al 1.0 to 4.0%
- Al is an essential element that forms a ⁇ ′ (Ni 3 Al) phase that is a strengthening phase and improves high-temperature strength.
- the Al content must be at least 1.0%.
- the Al content is limited to a range of 1.0 to 4.0%.
- the range of the Al content is preferably 1.5 to 3.0%, more preferably 2.0 to 2.5%.
- Ti 4.5-7.0%
- Ti is an essential element that forms a ⁇ ′ phase and enhances the ⁇ ′ phase by solid solution strengthening to increase high-temperature strength.
- the Ti content must be at least 4.5%.
- excessive addition causes the ⁇ ′ phase to become unstable at a high temperature and cause coarsening at a high temperature, and is harmful.
- ⁇ (eta) phase is formed, and hot workability is impaired. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ti content is set to 7.0%.
- the range of Ti content is preferably 5.5 to 6.7%, more preferably 6.0 to 6.5%.
- Mo 1.5-4.5%
- Mo contributes to solid solution strengthening of the matrix and has the effect of improving the high temperature strength. In order to acquire this effect, it is necessary to make Mo content 1.5% or more, but when Mo becomes excessive, an intermetallic compound phase will be formed and high temperature intensity will be impaired. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mo content is set to 4.5%.
- the range of the Mo content is preferably 2.0 to 3.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 3.2%.
- W 0.5-2.5%
- W is an element that contributes to solid solution strengthening of the matrix, and the W content must be 0.5% or more.
- the upper limit of the W content is set to 2.5%.
- the range of the W content is preferably 0.7 to 2.0%, more preferably 1.0 to 1.5%.
- B 0.001 to 0.05%
- B is an element that improves the grain boundary strength and improves the creep strength and ductility. In order to obtain this effect, the B content must be at least 0.001%. On the other hand, B has a great effect of lowering the melting point. Moreover, when a coarse boride is formed, workability will be inhibited. Therefore, it is necessary to control the B content so as not to exceed 0.05%.
- the range of the B content is preferably 0.005 to 0.04, and more preferably 0.005 to 0.02%.
- Zr 0.001 to 0.1% Zr, like B, has the effect of improving the grain boundary strength. To obtain this effect, the Zr content must be at least 0.001%. On the other hand, when Zr is excessive, the melting point is lowered, and the high temperature strength and hot workability are hindered. Therefore, the upper limit of the Zr content is set to 0.1%.
- the range of the Zr content is preferably 0.005 to 0.06%, more preferably 0.010 to 0.04%.
- Ni and unavoidable impurities other than the elements described above are present in the composition of the Ni-base superalloy or the hot-work material or ingot.
- Embodiment of First Production Method Preparatory Step A hot-work material having the above composition can be produced by vacuum melting, as in the conventional method for producing a Ni-base superalloy. By this manufacturing method, it becomes possible to suppress the oxidation of active elements such as Al and Ti and to reduce inclusions. In order to obtain a higher quality ingot, secondary and tertiary melting such as electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting may be performed.
- An intermediate material that has undergone preliminary processing such as hammer forging, press forging, rolling, or extrusion after melting may be used as a hot work material.
- a 1st heating process can reduce the solidification segregation which generate
- the first heating step also has an effect of softening the material by dissolving precipitates such as the ⁇ ′ phase.
- the first heating step removes the processing strain imparted by the preliminary processing, thereby having an effect of facilitating the subsequent processing. .
- the upper limit of the holding temperature is 1200 ° C.
- the lower limit of the holding temperature is preferably 1135 ° C, more preferably 1150 ° C.
- the upper limit of the holding temperature is preferably 1190 ° C, more preferably 1180 ° C.
- the holding time necessary to obtain the above effect is at least 2 hours.
- the lower limit of the holding time is preferably 4 hours, more preferably 10 hours, and even more preferably 20 hours depending on the volume of the hot work material.
- the upper limit of the holding time is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 48 hours, the effect is saturated, and a factor that impairs the characteristics of the present invention, such as coarsening of crystal grains, may occur.
- Cooling step In the first heating step described above, the ⁇ 'phase is solid-dissolved in the matrix, but when the cooling rate is high in the cooling step after heating, a fine ⁇ ' phase is precipitated and hot workability is reduced. It drops significantly. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to cool the material to a predetermined hot working temperature or less at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second or less. As a result, the ⁇ ′ phase grows during cooling, so that the precipitation of fine ⁇ ′ phase can be suppressed and good hot workability can be obtained.
- the cooling rate is more preferably 0.02 ° C./second or less, and still more preferably 0.01 ° C./second or less. Note that the lower limit of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but may be 0.001 ° C./second in order to avoid the coarsening of crystal grains.
- the present invention is limited to this. Instead, the material may be cooled to room temperature and then heated again to a predetermined hot working temperature to perform hot working. At this time, the cooling rate from a predetermined hot working temperature to room temperature may be a cooling rate specified as 0.03 ° C./second or less, or a cooling rate higher than that.
- Hot working process Ni-base superalloys that have undergone each of the above processes exhibit a structure in which the ⁇ 'phase, which is a strengthening phase, is coarsely precipitated, and the hot workability of the material itself is improved. Regardless of the method, good hot workability can be obtained.
- the hot working method include forging such as hammer forging and press forging, rolling, and extrusion.
- hot die forging or constant temperature forging can be applied as a processing method for obtaining a disk material for an aircraft engine or a gas turbine.
- the temperature range of the hot working process is preferably 1000 to 1100 ° C.
- Second heating step In the production method according to the present invention, optionally after the cooling step or in the middle of the cooling step, the temperature is lower than the holding temperature of the first heating step and is in the range of 950 to 1160 ° C. You may perform the 2nd heating process which hold
- the second heating step is intended to further grow the ⁇ 'phase grown in the cooling step.
- the second heating step is intended to further grow the ⁇ 'phase grown in the cooling step.
- the holding temperature in the second heating step is less than 950 ° C.
- the diffusion rate is slow, so that sufficient ⁇ ′ phase does not grow, and further improvement in hot workability cannot be expected.
- the holding temperature exceeds 1160 ° C., the ⁇ ′ phase coarsely precipitated in the cooling step is re-dissolved, and therefore further improvement in hot workability cannot be expected.
- the lower limit of the holding temperature is preferably 980 ° C, more preferably 1100 ° C.
- the upper limit of the holding temperature is preferably 1155 ° C, more preferably 1150 ° C. Further, if the holding time is less than 2 hours, further growth of the ⁇ ′ phase becomes insufficient. Since the second heating step aims at further growth of the ⁇ ′ phase, the upper limit of the holding time is not particularly limited. However, in consideration of the size and productivity of the ⁇ ′ phase grown by the second heating step, the holding time may actually be about 5 to 60 hours.
- This second heating step is performed at a temperature lower than the temperature performed in the first heating step.
- the temperature of the second heating step is preferably 10 ° C. or more higher than the temperature of the first heating step, and more preferably 30 ° C. or higher.
- cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second or less to the predetermined hot working temperature.
- the second heating step is not only for the hot work material cooled to a predetermined hot working temperature in the cooling step, but also for hot hot work cooled to a predetermined hot working temperature or lower or room temperature. It can also be performed on materials.
- the second heating step can be performed on the hot work material cooled to a temperature higher than a predetermined hot working temperature in the cooling step.
- the second heating step is performed.
- the hot work material is cooled to a predetermined hot work temperature at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second or less, and the cooling process is continued.
- the ⁇ ′ phase (primary ⁇ ′ phase) that precipitates during cooling grows, so that good heat Interworkability is obtained.
- This Ni-base superalloy having excellent hot workability has a characteristic metal structure after the cooling step. Specifically, it exhibits a structure in which a primary ⁇ ′ phase of 500 nm or more is precipitated. More preferably, it is a structure in which a primary ⁇ ′ phase of 1 ⁇ m or more is precipitated. This characteristic metal structure will be described in detail in Examples described later.
- Embodiment of Second Manufacturing Method Preparatory Step
- the ingot having the above composition used in the present embodiment can be obtained by vacuum melting as with other Ni-base superalloys.
- the oxidation of active elements such as Al and Ti can be suppressed, and inclusions can be reduced.
- secondary and tertiary melting such as electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting may be performed.
- the ingot obtained by melting may be subjected to a homogenization heat treatment for the purpose of reducing solidification segregation that hinders hot workability.
- a homogenization heat treatment for example, the ingot is held at a temperature in the range of 1130 to 1200 ° C. for 2 hours or more, and then slowly cooled to form a coarse ⁇ ′ phase.
- the ingot after the homogenization heat treatment is used for the purpose of further coarsening the ⁇ ′ phase and improving hot workability.
- the heated ingot may be subjected to a second heat treatment at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second or less.
- a first hot working step is performed in which the above-described ingot is hot worked to obtain a hot work material.
- the hot working temperature in this step is in the range of 800 to 1125 ° C.
- the temperature range is set to 800 to 1125 ° C. for the purpose of partially dissolving the ⁇ ′ phase, which is a strengthening phase, in the matrix phase to reduce the deformation resistance of the material. If the temperature is lower than 800 ° C., the material has high deformation resistance, and sufficient hot workability cannot be obtained. Conversely, at temperatures higher than 1125 ° C., the possibility of partial melting increases.
- the lower limit of the hot working temperature in this step is preferably 900 ° C, more preferably 950 ° C.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the hot working of this process becomes like this. Preferably it is 1110 degreeC, More preferably, it is 1100 degreeC.
- an ingot of a general Ni-base superalloy such as Waspalloy (registered trademark) or 718 alloy
- it may be reused during processing in the hot processing step or during holding in the processing temperature range after processing. Distortion is eliminated by crystallization or the like, and processing can be performed continuously.
- recrystallization hardly occurs in the temperature range of the above hot processing, and processing Sexual recovery is not expected. Therefore, in order to cause recrystallization in the next reheating step, in this step, the ingot is deformed at a hot working ratio within the range of 1.1 to 2.5.
- the “hot working ratio” is the cross-sectional area of the material perpendicular to the direction in which the material stretches before hot working such as forging, and the direction in which the material stretches after hot working. Divided by the cross-sectional area of the material in the vertical direction.
- the lower limit of the hot working ratio is preferably 1.2, more preferably 1.3.
- the upper limit of the hot working ratio is preferably 2.2, more preferably 2.0.
- Reheating process Rework the hot-worked material that has been subjected to processing strain in the first hot working process to a temperature range that is higher than the temperature of the first hot working process and lower than the ⁇ 'phase solution temperature.
- a reheating material is obtained.
- recrystallization occurs, strain is removed, and a coarse cast structure is changed to a fine hot work structure, thereby improving the hot workability.
- the reason why the temperature range of the reheating process is set higher than the temperature of the first hot working process is that, as described above, recrystallization does not occur sufficiently in the temperature range of the first hot working process, and the workability cannot be improved. Because.
- the reheating temperature range in this step is preferably 1135 to 1160 ° C.
- the time for keeping the hot-worked material at the reheating temperature may be at least about 10 minutes, and the effect of improving the hot workability is recognized.
- the upper limit of the holding time is preferably 24 hours so that the crystal grains do not become coarse.
- Cooling step The reheating material obtained in the reheating step is cooled to the temperature of the second hot working step described later. At this time, if fine ⁇ ′ precipitates are formed during cooling, the hot workability is remarkably deteriorated. To avoid this, the cooling rate is set to 0.03 ° C./second or less. As a result, the ⁇ ′ phase grows during cooling, fine precipitation can be suppressed, and good hot workability can be obtained. The smaller the cooling rate, the more the ⁇ ′ phase grows and the larger the particle size, which is advantageous in improving hot workability.
- the cooling rate is more preferably 0.02 ° C./second or less, and still more preferably 0.01 ° C./second or less.
- the lower limit of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but may be 0.001 ° C./second in order to avoid crystal grain coarsening.
- the material is cooled to a predetermined temperature in the second hot working step at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second or less and the second hot working is performed as it is.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the second hot working may be performed by cooling the material to room temperature and then raising the temperature again to a predetermined temperature.
- the cooling rate from the predetermined temperature to room temperature in the second hot working step may be a cooling rate specified as 0.03 ° C./second or less, or a cooling rate higher than that.
- Second hot working process The Ni-base superalloy obtained through each of the above processes has changed to a hot worked structure in which coarse ⁇ 'phases are dispersed as compared with the ingot cast structure. Interworkability is improved. Therefore, it becomes possible to give a deformation
- the processing temperature in the second hot processing step may be in the range of 700 to 1125 ° C. In the second hot working step, processing at a lower temperature than in the first hot working step becomes possible by improving the hot workability.
- the upper limit of the processing temperature of the second hot working process is the same as that of the first hot working process.
- Hot die forging and constant temperature forging can also be applied as processing methods for obtaining disk materials for aircraft engines and gas turbines.
- Example 1 10 kg of a Ni-based superalloy alloy having the chemical components shown in Table 1 was produced by vacuum melting, and this was used as a hot work material A.
- the approximate dimensions of the Ni-base superalloy alloy ingot are 80 mm ⁇ 90 mm ⁇ 150 mmL.
- test piece was collected from the Ni-base superalloy alloy ingot, subjected to the eight heating steps and cooling processes shown in Table 2, and then subjected to a high temperature tensile test.
- the test piece had a parallel part with a diameter of ⁇ 8 mm and a length of 24 mmL, and the test was performed with a gauge distance of 20 mmL.
- Hot workability was evaluated by drawing at a high temperature tensile test. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the hot working temperature of the alloy in the present invention is in the range of about 1000 to 1100 ° C., but 1000 ° C., which is more difficult to work, was set as the test temperature, and the strain rate was 1.0 / second. If the fracture drawing is a value exceeding 60% under these conditions, it may be determined that the hot workability is good.
- test no. 11 and 12 are comparative examples when the cooling rate is high, but it is determined that the hot drawing is difficult because the fracture drawing is extremely small.
- test no. 13 is a comparative example in which the temperature of the first heating step is lower than the range of the present invention. Test No. No. 13 has a low cooling rate, so Although the fracture drawing is larger than 11 and 12, it cannot be said that the hot workability is sufficient. It is presumed that the solidification segregation was insufficiently reduced because the heating temperature was low.
- FIG. It is a scanning electron micrograph which shows the metal structure before the high temperature tensile test of 2 and 12.
- Test No. of Example 2 shows a structure in which the primary ⁇ ′ phase formed during cooling grows due to the low cooling rate. Such a structure has few fine precipitates that hinder dislocation movement and has good hot workability.
- test No. of the comparative example. No. 12 shows a structure in which fine primary ⁇ ′ phases are uniformly dispersed and precipitated. Such a structure is effective for increasing the strength of the alloy, but is not preferable for hot working.
- the structure photograph of FIG. 1 was subjected to image analysis, and the average particle size of the primary ⁇ ′ phase was determined.
- No. 2 has an average particle size of 740 nm and test No. No. 12 had an average particle size of 110 nm.
- the ⁇ ′ phase average particle diameter in a certain visual field was calculated by the relational expression (1).
- ⁇ (d / 2) 2 S / n (1)
- ⁇ circular ratio
- d average particle diameter
- S total area of ⁇ ′ phases
- n number of ⁇ ′ phases.
- Example 2 As a hot work material simulating an intermediate material for hot work, a 10 kg Ni-base superalloy alloy ingot was manufactured by vacuum melting in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the work piece was reduced by about 20% by hot press forging. Hot working materials B and C were prepared. Chemical components are as shown in Table 3 (the balance being Ni and impurities). For these materials, the test No. in Table 2 remains as press forged. 5, no. About the test piece which performed the heating process similar to 12, the hot workability was evaluated by the high temperature tensile test in 1000 degreeC on the same conditions as Example 1. FIG. The results are shown in Table 4.
- test No. Reference numerals 21 and 22 both indicate high values of fracture drawing, and it is judged that the hot workability is good.
- Test No. of the comparative example. No. 31 was tested without any heating process, but the fracture drawing was less than 60%, and it can be seen that the hot workability was reduced due to the accumulation of strain in the preliminary processing. . By applying the production method of the present invention, the hot workability can be greatly improved.
- test No. of the comparative example In 32 and 33, the first heating step is sufficiently high at 1150 ° C., and the strain accumulated in the preliminary processing should be removed, but the subsequent cooling rate is large, and a fine ⁇ ′ phase is precipitated. Therefore, sufficient hot workability could not be obtained.
- Example 3 In order to confirm the effect of the present invention in a larger Ni-base superheat-resistant alloy ingot, a chemical-component Ni-base superheat-resistant alloy ingot shown in Table 5 was used by using a vacuum arc remelting method that is an industrial melting method. The hot-work material D was prepared. This large Ni-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot has a cylindrical shape of about ⁇ 440 mm ⁇ 1000 mmL and has a weight of about 1 ton.
- Ni-based super heat-resistant alloy ingot of the hot work material D was subjected to three heating steps and cooling steps shown in Table 6 and then subjected to a high-temperature tensile test.
- the hot working temperature of the alloy of the present invention is suitably in the range of about 1000 to 1100 ° C. Therefore, as a typical example, hot workability with a squeezing draw in a tensile test at 1050 ° C. and a strain rate of 0.1 / second is typical. Evaluated. The results are shown in Table 6. As shown in Table 6, test no. No. 41 was subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 1180 ° C. for 30 hours as a first heating step, followed by a cooling treatment at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, and the result of fracture drawing at a test temperature of 1050 ° C. Showed relatively good hot ductility. Thereby, even if it is a large-sized Ni ingot manufactured by the vacuum arc remelting method, it turns out that the favorable effect is acquired by making a cooling rate small.
- Test No. 42 is a test No. 42. After performing the heating step and the cooling step similar to those of No. 41, it was subjected to a heat treatment for 20 hours at a temperature of 1150 ° C. as the second heating step, and then cooled at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, The result of the squeezing of the fracture is test No. Good hot workability improved over 41.
- Test No. No. 43 is a test no. After performing the heating process and cooling process similar to 41, heat treatment was performed for 60 hours at a temperature of 1150 ° C., which is the second heating process, and then cooled at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, The fracture drawing was 95% or more, indicating extremely good hot workability.
- the reason for this is that in the cooling process after the heating process, a temperature that is lower than the solid solution temperature of the ⁇ ′ phase and an active temperature of atomic diffusion is selected as the second heating process, and a long-time heat treatment is performed at that temperature. This is because the obtained coarse ⁇ ′ phase can be grown into a larger ⁇ ′ phase.
- Example 4 Furthermore, in order to confirm the effect of the present invention, test No. 1 in Table 6 was added to a large Ni-base superalloy alloy ingot having the chemical components in Table 5 of Example 3. After performing the heating process and the cooling process similar to 43, it shape
- the size of the ingot is a cylindrical shape of about ⁇ 440 mm ⁇ 1000 mmL as in Example 3, and the weight is about 1 ton.
- the ⁇ 'phase solution temperature of the alloy of the present invention is about 1160 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows an optical micrograph of the metal structure of the material after the first and second heating steps and the cooling step.
- the ⁇ ′ phase grows coarsely during the slow cooling at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, and in addition, by heating at 1150 ° C., which is lower than the solid solution temperature in the second heating step, ⁇
- the same effect as in Example 3 that the phase is further coarsened can be confirmed by the fact that the size of the ⁇ ′ phase is 1 ⁇ m or more even in a large ingot.
- the ingot of the hot work material was heated to a hot work temperature of 1100 ° C., and upset forging was performed at a hot work ratio of 1.33. As a result, it was shown that the hot work material subjected to upset forging had no cracks on the surface and inside, and good hot workability was obtained.
- Example 5 10 kg of Ni-base superalloys having the chemical components shown in Table 7 were produced by vacuum melting.
- the approximate dimensions of the Ni-base superalloy alloy ingot are 80 mm ⁇ 90 mm ⁇ 150 mmL.
- This ingot was subjected to heat treatment at 1200 ° C. for 20 hours as a homogenization heat treatment.
- the test piece which has a parallel part of the size of ⁇ 8.0x24mm is processed, and the first hot working process as shown in Table 8, the reheating process, the cooling process, and A second hot working step was performed.
- the first hot working step tensile deformation corresponding to a hot working ratio of 1.1 was applied to the test piece at 1100 ° C. at a strain rate of 0.1 / second.
- the test piece was heated from 1100 ° C. to 1150 ° C. or 1135 ° C. and held for 20 minutes. After holding, the test piece was cooled to 1100 ° C. at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second as a cooling step, and a second hot working step was performed.
- the second hot working step as a high-temperature tensile test, tensile deformation was performed at 1100 ° C. at a strain rate of 0.1 / second until breakage. As an index of hot workability, the fracture drawing after this high temperature tensile test was measured. The results are shown in Table 8.
- each test step was subjected to a high-temperature tensile test under the same conditions as in the examples except that the reheating step was 1100 ° C. and the cooling step was not performed.
- the results are also shown in Table 8.
- test No. which is an example. 51 and no. No. 52 shows that the fracture drawing is improved by applying a predetermined process.
- No. 51 shows a greater effect of improving hot workability.
- test No. of the comparative example shows a greater effect of improving hot workability.
- the temperature of the reheating process was 1100 ° C., the same as the processing temperature of the first hot working process, and the fracture drawing was almost the same as when none of the processes were performed. This suggests that recrystallization is unlikely to occur at 1100 ° C., and that the hot workability is less likely to recover even when heated at the hot working temperature. In the examples, it is considered that the hot workability was improved by reheating to a temperature higher than the hot working temperature and proceeding with recrystallization.
- Example 6 10 kg of Ni-base superalloy alloy ingots having chemical components shown in Table 9 were prepared by vacuum melting in the same manner as in Example 5. These ingot Nos. B and No. C was subjected to heat treatment at 1200 ° C. for 20 hours as a homogenization heat treatment, and then hot forging was performed at 1100 ° C. by press forging.
- Ni-base super heat-resistant alloy ingot No. B was subjected to reheating for 4 hours at 1150 ° C. as a reheating step after applying a reduction corresponding to a hot working ratio of 1.2 at 1100 ° C. as a first hot working step.
- a cooling step the material was cooled at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, and as a second hot working step, the material was again press forged at 1100 ° C.
- the material could be hot forged without generating large cracks and wrinkles, and it was possible to apply a reduction corresponding to 2.5 in the hot working ratio. Therefore, in the Example, compared with the 1st hot working process, it was possible to make the hot working ratio 2 times or more larger in the second hot working process.
- Ni-base super heat-resistant alloy ingot No. C continued the press forging at 1100 ° C. without applying the reheating step. As a result, cracking occurred in the material when a reduction corresponding to a hot working ratio of 1.3 was applied, so hot forging was stopped.
- FIG. 5 shows the ingot No. It is an electron micrograph which shows the metal structure of the stage which finished the reheating process about B. As shown in FIG. 5, it can be confirmed that a fine forged structure is formed through the reheating step.
- FIG. It is an electron micrograph which shows the microstructure after the press forging of C. As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that even when strain is applied by forging, recrystallization is insufficient and a cast structure remains.
- Example 7 In order to confirm the effects of the present invention in a larger Ni-base superalloy alloy ingot, a Ni-base superheater alloy ingot having the chemical components shown in Table 10 and having dimensions of about ⁇ 440 mm ⁇ 1000 mmL and a weight of about 1 ton is manufactured. did. This ingot was hot forged by hot pressing. Ingot No. The ⁇ ′ phase solution temperature of D is about 1160 ° C.
- This ingot was heated at 1180 ° C. for 30 hours as a homogenizing heat treatment in the preparatory step before the first hot working step, and then heated at room temperature at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second.
- the first heat treatment is performed to cool to 1150 ° C., and then heated at 1150 ° C. for 60 hours, and then the second heat treatment is performed to cool to room temperature at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second.
- Worked material This hot work material was subjected to hot free forging with a press by the following method.
- the hot work material is temporarily heated to 1100 ° C. which is the first hot work temperature and subjected to upset forging at a hot work ratio of 1.33, and then heated to 1150 ° C.
- a reheating step for holding for a time was performed to promote recrystallization.
- the reworked material to be heated was cooled to 1100 ° C. at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, and then forged to return to a diameter corresponding to ⁇ 440 mm.
- the hot work material thus treated is heated again to 1150 ° C. and held for 5 hours to promote recrystallization, and then cooled to 1100 ° C. at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, And the upset forging of the hot working ratio of 1.33 used as the 2nd time was implemented. After that, similar to the procedure after the first upset forging, it was reheated to 1150 ° C. and held for 5 hours, then cooled to 1100 ° C. at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second, and then equivalent to ⁇ 440 mm The second forging work was performed to return to the diameter.
- the hot work material thus treated is further heated to 1150 ° C. and held for 5 hours, and then cooled to 1100 ° C. at a cooling rate of 0.03 ° C./second. Forging work was carried out until ⁇ 290 mm ⁇ 1600 mmL to obtain a hot forged material. During the forging process described above, the number of times the material was heated to 1150 ° C. was four times in total.
- the heat treatment at 1150 ° C. carried out during the forging process promotes recrystallization of the metal structure, and as a result, the hot workability is maintained in a good state, particularly in the initial stage of processing, which is more difficult to process, that is, inhomogeneous. Even in the stage of hot working an ingot having a cast solidified structure, it was possible to proceed with hot working with almost no significant surface cracks and no internal cracks.
- FIG. 7 shows an optical micrograph of the cross-sectional metal structure of the hot forged material located at a depth of 1 ⁇ 4 from the surface side of the diameter D.
- ⁇ ′ phase 1 of about 2 ⁇ m and fine crystal grains of about 15 to 25 ⁇ m pinned by ⁇ ′ phase 1 could be observed.
- ⁇ ′ phase 1 of about 2 ⁇ m
- fine crystal grains of about 15 to 25 ⁇ m pinned by ⁇ ′ phase 1 could be observed.
- Ni-based super heat-resistant alloys with a large amount of precipitation of ⁇ 'phase particles are used because they are required to have high strength as they become important members exposed to high temperatures and pressures.
- a Ni-base superalloy having a large amount of precipitation of ⁇ ′ phase particles has extremely poor hot workability, and thus it has been difficult to stably supply at low cost.
- good hot workability can be obtained even in such a high-strength Ni-based superalloy having a large amount of precipitation of ⁇ ′ phase particles, and low-cost and stable supply is possible. It was shown that.
- the hot workability is remarkably improved by applying the present invention, it is expected that the amount of hot work per process increases and the work efficiency is remarkably improved. As a result, energy required for processing and working time can be reduced, and processing can be performed with less working time. Therefore, it can be expected that yield reduction caused by surface oxidation of the hot-worked material is also suppressed.
- the method for producing a Ni-base superalloy according to the present invention can be applied to the production of high-strength alloys used in aircraft engine and power turbine gas turbine forging parts, particularly turbine disks.
- a Ni-base superalloy having hot workability can be manufactured.
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Abstract
Description
Cは結晶粒界の強度を高める効果を有する。この効果は含有率が0.001%以上で現れるが、Cを過剰に含有した場合は、粗大な炭化物が形成され、強度および熱間加工性を低下させる。よって、Cの含有率の上限は0.05%とする。Cの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは0.005~0.04%であり、より好ましくは0.005~0.02%である。
Crは耐酸化性や耐食性を向上させる元素である。その効果を得るには、含有率を12%以上にする必要がある。Crを過剰に含有すると、σ相などの脆化相を形成し、強度や熱間加工性を低下させるので、Crの含有率の上限は18%とする。Crの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは13~16%であり、より好ましくは13~14%である。
Coは組織の安定性を改善し、合金が強化元素であるTiを多く含有する場合でも、その熱間加工性を維持することを可能とする。この効果を得るには、Coの含有率を14%以上にする必要がある。Coが多くなるほど熱間加工性は向上する。しかし、Coが過剰になると、σ相やη相といった有害相が形成され、強度および熱間加工性が低下するため、Coの含有率の上限は27%とする。強度と熱間加工性の両方の観点から、Coの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは20~27%であり、より好ましくは24~26%である。
Alは、強化相であるγ’(Ni3Al)相を形成し、高温強度を向上させる必須元素である。その効果を得るためには、Alの含有率は最低でも1.0%にする必要があるが、過度の添加は熱間加工性を低下させ、加工中の割れなどの材料欠陥の原因となる。よって、Alの含有率は、1.0~4.0%の範囲に限定する。Alの含有率の範囲は、好ましく1.5~3.0%であり、より好ましくは2.0~2.5%である。
Tiも、Alと同様に、γ’相を形成し、γ’相を固溶強化して高温強度を高める必須元素である。その効果を得るためには、Tiの含有率は最低でも4.5%にする必要があるが、過度の添加は、γ’相が高温で不安定となり高温での粗大化を招くとともに、有害なη(イータ)相を形成し、熱間加工性を損なう。よって、Tiの含有率の上限は7.0%とする。Tiの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは5.5~6.7%であり、より好ましくは6.0~6.5%である。
Moはマトリックスの固溶強化に寄与し、高温強度を向上させる効果がある。この効果を得るためには、Moの含有率を1.5%以上にする必要があるが、Moが過剰となると、金属間化合物相が形成され、高温強度を損なう。よって、Moの含有率の上限は4.5%とする。Moの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは2.0~3.5%であり、より好ましくは2.5~3.2%である。
Wは、Moと同様に、マトリックスの固溶強化に寄与する元素であり、Wの含有率は0.5%以上にする必要がある。Wが過剰となると、有害な金属間化合物相が形成され、高温強度を損なう。よって、Wの含有率の上限は2.5%とする。Wの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは0.7~2.0%であり、より好ましくは1.0~1.5%である。
Bは粒界強度を向上させ、クリープ強度や延性を改善する元素である。この効果を得るにはBの含有率を最低でも0.001%とする必要がある。一方で、Bは、融点を低下させる効果が大きい。また、粗大なホウ化物が形成されると、加工性が阻害される。よって、Bの含有率は、0.05%を超えないように制御する必要がある。Bの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは0.005~0.04であり、より好ましくは0.005~0.02%である。
Zrは、Bと同様に、粒界強度を向上させる効果を有しており、この効果を得るには、Zrの含有率を最低でも0.001%にする必要がある。一方で、Zrが過剰となると、融点の低下を招き、高温強度や熱間加工性が阻害される。よって、Zrの含有率の上限は0.1%とする。Zrの含有率の範囲は、好ましくは0.005~0.06%であり、より好ましくは0.010~0.04%である。
準備工程
上記の組成を有する被熱間加工材は、従来のNi基超耐熱合金の製造法と同様に、真空溶解によって製造することができる。この製法によって、AlやTiといった活性元素の酸化を抑制し、介在物を低減することが可能となる。より高品位なインゴットを得るために、エレクトロスラグ再溶解や真空アーク再溶解といった2次及び3次の溶解を行ってもよい。
第一の加熱工程は、上記の被熱間加工材を高温で保持することによって、鋳造時に発生する凝固偏析を軽減し、熱間加工性を向上させることができる。また、この第一の加熱工程は、γ’相などの析出物を固溶させることで、材料を軟化させる効果もある。また、被熱間加工材が中間素材の場合には、予備的加工によって付与された加工歪を、第一の加熱工程が除去することで、その後の加工を容易にする効果も有している。
前述の第一の加熱工程では、マトリックスにγ’相が固溶するが、加熱後の冷却工程において冷却速度が大きい場合には、微細なγ’相が析出し、熱間加工性が著しく低下する。これを防ぐためには、0.03℃/秒以下の冷却速度で、所定の熱間加工温度以下にまで材料を冷却することが必要である。これによって、冷却中にγ’相の成長が起こり、微細なγ’相の析出を抑制でき、良好な熱間加工性を得ることが可能である。
上記の各工程を経たNi基超耐熱合金は、強化相であるγ’相が粗大に析出した組織を呈しており、材料自体の熱間加工性が向上しているため、加工法にかかわらず、良好な熱間加工性が得られる。熱間加工法としては、ハンマ鍛造やプレス鍛造などの鍛造、圧延、および押出などが挙げられる。航空機エンジンやガスタービンのディスク材を得るための加工法として、ホットダイ鍛造や、恒温鍛造を適用することも可能である。なお、熱間加工工程の温度範囲は、好ましくは1000~1100℃である。
本発明に係る製造方法では、任意に、前述の冷却工程の後で、或いは冷却工程の途中で、第一の加熱工程の保持温度よりも低く、且つ950~1160℃の範囲の温度で、少なくとも2時間にわたり被熱間加工材を保持する第二の加熱工程を行ってもよい。
準備工程
本実施の形態で用いる上記の組成を有するインゴットは、他のNi基超耐熱合金と同様に、真空溶解によって得ることができる。これによって、AlやTiといった活性元素の酸化を抑制し、介在物を低減することが可能となる。より高品位なインゴットを得るために、エレクトロスラグ再溶解や真空アーク再溶解といった2次及び3次の溶解を行ってもよい。
上述したインゴットを熱間加工して、熱間加工材を得るという第一の熱間加工工程を行う。本工程の熱間加工の温度は、800~1125℃の範囲である。温度範囲を800~1125℃とするのは、強化相であるγ’相を部分的に母相中に固溶させ、材料の変形抵抗を低下させる目的のためである。800℃より低い温度では、材料の変形抵抗が高く、十分な熱間加工性を得ることが出来ない。反対に1125℃よりも高い温度では、部分溶融が発生する可能性が高くなる。本工程の熱間加工の温度の下限は、好ましく900℃であり、より好ましくは950℃である。また、本工程の熱間加工の温度の上限は、好ましくは1110℃であり、より好ましくは1100℃である。
熱間加工比が1.1未満では、次の再加熱工程で十分な再結晶が起こらないため、加工性が改善されない。熱間加工比が2.5を超えると、割れが発生する可能性が高くなる。熱間加工比の下限は、好ましくは1.2であり、より好ましくは1.3である。また、熱間加工比の上限は、好ましくは2.2であり、より好ましくは2.0である。なお、本工程の熱間加工としては、プレス鍛造、ハンマ鍛造、圧延、押出などの加工方法を適用してもよい。
第一の熱間加工工程で加工歪を付与した熱間加工材を、第一の熱間加工工程の温度よりも高く、且つγ’相固溶温度よりも低い温度範囲に再加熱して、再加熱材を得る。この再加熱工程では、再結晶が起こり、歪が除去されると共に、粗大な鋳造組織から微細な熱間加工組織へと変化し、これらによって熱間加工性が向上する。再加熱工程の温度範囲を第一の熱間加工工程の温度よりも高くする理由は、前述のとおり、第一の熱間加工の温度範囲では再結晶が十分に起こらず、加工性が改善できないからである。また、再加熱工程の温度範囲をγ’相固溶温度よりも低くする理由は、γ’相固溶温度を超えると、再結晶は起こるものの、結晶粒が粗大化するために、やはり加工性の改善効果が十分得られないからである。また、最終製品で微細な組織を実現するうえでも不利である。上記組成を有する合金のγ’相固溶温度は1160℃程度であることを考慮すると、本工程の再加熱の温度範囲は、好ましくは1135~1160℃である。熱間加工材を再加熱の温度に保持する時間は、少なくとも約10分でよく、これで熱間加工性の改善の効果が認められる。保持時間が長くなるほど再結晶が進み、加工性の改善が見込めるものの、保持時間の上限は、結晶粒の粗大化が起こらないように、24時間が好ましい。
再加熱工程で得られた再加熱材を、後述する第二の熱間加工工程の温度にまで冷却する。この際、冷却中に微細なγ’析出物が形成されると、熱間加工性が著しく低下するため、これを避けるために、冷却速度は0.03℃/秒以下とする。これによって、冷却中にγ’相が成長し、微細析出を抑制することができ、良好な熱間加工性が得られる。冷却速度は小さいほど、γ’相の成長が起こり、粒径が大きくなるため、熱間加工性の改善に有利である。冷却速度は、0.02℃/秒以下がより好ましく、0.01℃/秒以下が更に好ましい。なお、冷却速度の下限は、特に限定されないが、結晶粒の粗大化が起こることを避けるため、0.001℃/秒としてもよい。
上記の各工程を経たNi基超耐熱合金は、インゴットの鋳造組織と比較して、粗大なγ’相が分散した熱間加工組織へと変化しているため、熱間加工性が向上している。そのため、プレス鍛造、ハンマ鍛造、圧延、押出などの各種の加工方法によって、第一の熱間加工工程よりも大きな変形を材料に付与することが可能となる。第二の熱間加工工程における加工温度は、700~1125℃の範囲でよい。第二の熱間加工工程では、熱間加工性の改善によって、第一の熱間加工工程よりも低い温度での加工が可能になる。第二の熱間加工工程の加工温度の上限は、第一の熱間加工工程と同じである。これは、加工による変形量が大きくなると、加工発熱による温度上昇も大きくなるため、部分溶融の懸念が残るためである。航空機エンジンやガスタービンのディスク材を得るための加工法として、ホットダイ鍛造、恒温鍛造を適用することも可能である。
真空溶解により表1に示す化学成分のNi基超耐熱合金インゴット10kgを作製し、これを被熱間加工材Aとした。Ni基超耐熱合金インゴットのおよその寸法は80mm×90mm×150mmLである。
π(d/2)2=S/n…(1)
ここで、π:円周率、d:平均粒径、S:γ’相の総面積、n:γ’相の個数である。
試験No.1~5はいずれも500nm以上の平均粒径の1次γ’相が析出しており、これらは60%以上の破断絞りが得られており、良好な熱間加工性を示した。
熱間加工の中間素材を模擬した被熱間加工材として、実施例1と同様に真空溶解で10kgのNi基超耐熱合金インゴットを製造した後、熱間プレス鍛造により、20%程度圧下した被熱間加工材B、Cを準備した。化学成分は表3に示すとおりである(ただし残部はNi及び不純物)。これらの素材について、プレス鍛造まま、表2の試験No.5、No.12と同様の加熱工程を施した試験片について、実施例1と同じ条件で1000℃における高温引張試験で熱間加工性を評価した。その結果を表4に示す。
本発明の効果を、より大型のNi基超耐熱合金インゴットにおいて確認するため、工業的な溶解法である真空アーク再溶解法を用いて、表5に示す化学成分のNi基超耐熱合金インゴットを作製し、被熱間加工材Dとした。この大型Ni基超耐熱合金インゴットは約φ440mm×1000mmLの円柱状で、重量は約1tonである。
さらに本発明の効果を確認するため、実施例3の表5の化学成分を有する大型のNi基超耐熱合金インゴットに、表6の試験No.43と同様の加熱工程及び冷却工程を施した後、工業的な熱間加工方法であるプレス機による熱間鍛造にて成形を行った。
真空溶解により表7に示す化学成分のNi基超耐熱合金インゴット10kgを作製した。Ni基超耐熱合金インゴットのおよその寸法は80mm×90mm×150mmLである。このインゴットには、均質化熱処理として、1200℃で20時間の熱処理を行った。そして、このインゴットから、φ8.0×24mmの寸法の平行部を有する試験片を加工し、この試験片に、表8に示す通りの第一の熱間加工工程、再加熱工程、冷却工程および第二の熱間加工工程を施した。
表9に示す化学成分のNi基超耐熱合金インゴット10kgを、実施例5と同様に真空溶解で作製した。これらインゴットNo.B及びNo.Cには、均質化熱処理として、1200℃で20時間の熱処理を行った後、プレス鍛造によって1100℃で熱間鍛造を行った。
本発明の効果を、より大型のNi基超耐熱合金インゴットにおいて確認するため、表10の化学成分を有し、寸法が約φ440mm×1000mmLで、重量が約1tonのNi基超耐熱合金インゴットを作製した。このインゴットは、熱間プレスによって熱間鍛造を行った。なお、インゴットNo.Dのγ’相固溶温度は約1160℃である。
Claims (12)
- 質量%で、C:0.001~0.05%、Al:1.0~4.0%、Ti:4.5~7.0%、Cr:12~18%、Co:14~27%、Mo:1.5~4.5%、W:0.5~2.5%、B:0.001~0.05%、Zr:0.001~0.1%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる組成を有する被熱間加工材を準備する工程と、
前記被熱間加工材を、1130~1200℃の温度範囲で少なくとも2時間保持して加熱する工程と、
前記加熱工程で加熱した被熱間加工材を、0.03℃/秒以下の冷却速度で熱間加工温度以下にまで冷却する工程と、
前記冷却工程後、被熱間加工材に熱間加工を行う工程と
を含むNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。 - 前記冷却工程の後で、或いは前記冷却工程の途中で、前記被熱間加工材を、前記加熱工程での温度よりも低い温度であって、且つ950~1160℃の温度範囲で、2時間以上保持して加熱する第二の加熱工程を更に含む請求項1に記載のNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。
- 前記被熱間加工材が、質量%で、C:0.005~0.04%、Al:1.5~3.0%、Ti:5.5~6.7%、Cr:13~16%、Co:20~27%、Mo:2.0~3.5%、W:0.7~2.0%、B:0.005~0.04%、Zr:0.005~0.06%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる組成である請求項1に記載のNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。
- 前記被熱間加工材が、質量%で、C:0.005~0.02%、Al:2.0~2.5%、Ti:6.0~6.5%、Cr:13~14%、Co:24~26%、Mo:2.5~3.2%、W:1.0~1.5%、B:0.005~0.02%、Zr:0.010~0.04%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる組成である請求項1に記載のNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。
- 質量%で、C:0.001~0.05%、Al:1.0~4.0%、Ti:4.5~7.0%、Cr:12~18%、Co:14~27%、Mo:1.5~4.5%、W:0.5~2.5%、B:0.001~0.05%、Zr:0.001~0.1%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる組成を有するとともに、平均粒径が500nm以上の一次γ’相を有するNi基超耐熱合金。
- 前記一次γ’相の平均粒径が1μm以上である請求項5に記載のNi基超耐熱合金。
- 前記組成が、質量%で、C:0.005~0.04%、Al:1.5~3.0%、Ti:5.5~6.7%、Cr:13~16%、Co:20~27%、Mo:2.0~3.5%、W:0.7~2.0%、B:0.005~0.04%、Zr:0.005~0.06%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる請求項5に記載のNi基超耐熱合金。
- 前記組成が、質量%で、C:0.005~0.02%、Al:2.0~2.5%、Ti:6.0~6.5%、Cr:13~14%、Co:24~26%、Mo:2.5~3.2%、W:1.0~1.5%、B:0.005~0.02%、Zr:0.010~0.04%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる請求項に記載のNi基超耐熱合金。
- 質量%で、C:0.001~0.05%、Al:1.0~4.0%、Ti:4.5~7.0%、Cr:12~18%、Co:14~27%、Mo:1.5~4.5%、W:0.5~2.5%、B:0.001~0.05%、Zr:0.001~0.1%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる組成を有するインゴットを、800~1125℃の熱間加工温度に加熱した後、1.1~2.5の熱間加工比で第一の熱間加工を行って、熱間加工材とする工程と、
前記熱間加工材を、前記第一の熱間加工温度よりも高い温度で、且つγ’相固溶温度より低い温度範囲に、再加熱して再加熱材とする工程と、
前記再加熱材を、0.03℃/秒以下の冷却速度で700~1125℃の温度範囲にまで冷却する工程と、
前記冷却工程の後、第二の熱間加工を行う工程と
を含むNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。 - 前記インゴットの組成が、質量%で、C:0.005~0.04%、Al:1.5~3.0%、Ti:5.5~6.7%、Cr:13~16%、Co:20~27%、Mo:2.0~3.5%、W:0.7~2.0%、B:0.005~0.04%、Zr:0.005~0.06%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる請求項9に記載のNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。
- 前記インゴットの組成が、質量%で、C:0.005~0.02%、Al:2.0~2.5%、Ti:6.0~6.5%、Cr:13~14%、Co:24~26%、Mo:2.5~3.2%、W:1.0~1.5%、B:0.005~0.02%、Zr:0.010~0.04%、残部はNi及び不純物からなる請求項9に記載のNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。
- 前記再加熱工程の温度が1135℃~1160℃である請求項9に記載のNi基超耐熱合金の製造方法。
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