WO2013187541A1 - 적어도 하나의 표면의 일부 또는 전부가 편평한 기재 및 이의 용도 - Google Patents
적어도 하나의 표면의 일부 또는 전부가 편평한 기재 및 이의 용도 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013187541A1 WO2013187541A1 PCT/KR2012/004724 KR2012004724W WO2013187541A1 WO 2013187541 A1 WO2013187541 A1 WO 2013187541A1 KR 2012004724 W KR2012004724 W KR 2012004724W WO 2013187541 A1 WO2013187541 A1 WO 2013187541A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/108—Inorganic support material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/36—Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substrate having at least part of at least one surface flat and a method for producing a thin film or a thick film using the same.
- Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates with angstrom-sized pores and channels in the crystal lattice. Since the site of aluminum in the skeleton of the aluminosilicate is negatively charged, positive ions exist in the pores and the remaining space in the pores is usually filled with water molecules.
- the structure, shape, and size of the three-dimensional pores of the zeolite depend on the type of zeolite, but the diameter of the pores usually corresponds to the molecular size. Therefore, zeolites are also called molecular sieves because they have the size selectivity or shape selectivity of the molecules to be taken into the pores depending on the kind.
- zeotype molecular sieves are known in which a part or all of silicon or aluminum is replaced by various other elements instead of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), which constitute the skeletal structure of the zeolite.
- porous silica sicalite
- AlPO 4 alpo
- Ti, Mn, Co, Fe in the skeleton of such zeolite and pseudomolecular sieves
- pseudomolecules obtained by partially substituting various metal elements such as Zn.
- zeolite in the present specification means a zeolite having a broad meaning including the above-described pseudomolecular body.
- zeolites having an MFI structure are among the most actively used zeolites, and their kinds are as follows:
- ZSM-5 A zeolite of MFI structure in which silicon and aluminum are formed in a constant ratio.
- Silicalite-1 Zeolite having a structure composed only of silica.
- TS-1 Zeolite of MFI structure with titanium (Ti) in some aluminum spots.
- the MFI structure is shown in Figures 1A and B.
- a channel in which the elliptical (0.51 x 0.55 nm) pores are zigzag-shaped flows in the a-axis direction, and the pores close to the circular (0.54 x 0.56 nm) form a straight line and extend in the b-axis direction to form a straight channel.
- the channel is not open in the c-axis direction.
- Another zeolite, beta (BEA), has a 6.6 x 6.7 ⁇ s channel flowing along the a (or b) axis and a truncated bipyramid shape with a 5.6 x 5.6 ⁇ s channel flowing smoothly along the c axis. (FIG. 1C).
- Powdered zeolites are widely used in real life and industry as cracking catalysts, adsorbents, dehydrating agents, ion exchangers, and gas purifiers of crude oil, but MFI zeolite thin films formed on porous substrates, such as porous alumina, Therefore, it is widely used as a molecular separation membrane that can be separated.
- MFI zeolite thin films are secondary and tertiary nonlinear optical films, three-dimensional memory materials, solar collectors, electrode aids, semiconductor quantum dots and quantum wire carriers, molecular circuits, photosensitive devices, emitters, low dielectric films (low dielectric thin film or low k thin film) and antirust coatings.
- zeolites differ in the shape, size and channel structure of pores depending on the crystal direction.
- a method of producing a zeolite thin film of MFI structure on a substrate such as a glass plate is divided into primary growth method (primary growth method) and secondary growth method (secondary growth method).
- primary growth method primary growth method
- secondary growth method secondary growth method
- the substrate is placed in an MFI zeolite synthesis gel without pretreatment, and the MFI zeolite membrane is spontaneously grown on the substrate.
- the synthetic gel used at this time is a gel to which tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (called tetraproplyammonium hydroxide, TPAOH) is added.
- TPAOH tetraproplyammonium hydroxide
- the resulting MFI zeolite thin films with random orientation have their own uses but poor applicability.
- the permeability (molecular permeability) of one of the most important factors when applied as a molecular separation membrane is significantly reduced.
- the MFI zeolite thin film does not grow on the substrate. To overcome this problem, the secondary growth method is used.
- the substrate to which the MFI zeolite crystals are previously attached is immersed in the MFI synthetic gel and then reacted to form an MFI thin film.
- already attached MFI crystals serve as seed crystals.
- the orientation of the pre-attached MFI zeolite crystal plays a very important role in the orientation of the MFI zeolite thin film formed later.
- the a-axis of the MFI zeolite seed crystals is oriented perpendicular to the substrate
- the a-axis of the resulting MFI zeolite thin film tends to be oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate and later generated if the b-axis of the seed crystals is oriented perpendicular to the substrate.
- the b-axis of the MFI zeolite thin film is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.
- the a-axis of the non-spherical seed crystals must be flat when the non-spherical seed crystals are aligned. At least one or both of the b-axis and the c-axis may be oriented according to certain rules.
- the present inventors have found that the zeolite-based thin film or thick film molecules formed on the substrate while the surface is flat so that one or more or all of the a-axis, the b-axis, and the c-axis of the non-spherical seed crystals can be oriented according to a certain rule. It is intended to provide a porous substrate that can be used as a separator.
- a first aspect of the invention provides a substrate that is formed from first substrate forming particles; Second substrate forming particles filled to fill some or all of the first voids formed by the first substrate forming particles on at least one surface of the substrate; At least one surface of the at least one surface is provided with a flat substrate, characterized in that it comprises a polymer filled to fill some or all of the second voids remaining in the site where the second substrate forming particles are filled.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a substrate according to the invention; And non-spherical seed crystals arranged in a flat portion of at least one surface of the substrate such that one or more or all of the a-axis, the b-axis, and the c-axis are oriented according to certain rules.
- a third aspect of the invention provides a method for aligning non-spherical seed crystals to a flat portion of at least one surface of a substrate according to the invention such that one or more or all of the a-axis, the b-axis and the c-axis are oriented according to certain rules.
- Stage 1 a second step of exposing the aligned seed crystals in a solution for growing seed crystals to form and grow a film from the seed crystals by using a secondary growth method, and the method of manufacturing a thin film or a thick film and the It provides a membrane produced by the method.
- the relationship between the crystal axis a, the b axis, and the c axis is that the crystal axis c axis does not exist on the plane formed by the crystal axis a axis and the b axis.
- the crystal axes a, b, and c axes may be perpendicular to each other, or the crystal axes c axis may be inclined on a plane formed by the crystal axes a and b axes.
- Non-Spherical Seed Crystals When aligning one or more or all of the a-axis, b-axis, and c-axis of the non-spherical seed crystals according to certain rules, the substrate surface must be flat. Otherwise, the axes of the seed crystals are tilted in random directions and angles by the uneven surface on the substrate. Further, when the thin film or thick film formed on the substrate is to be used as a separator, the substrate is preferably a porous substrate.
- a substrate is formed of first substrate-forming particles, in order to provide a substrate in which part or all of the at least one surface is flat; Second substrate forming particles filled to fill some or all of the first voids formed by the first substrate forming particles on at least one surface of the substrate; The substrate includes a polymer filled to fill some or all of the second voids remaining in the site where the second substrate forming particles are filled.
- the substrate according to the present invention has a second substrate-forming particle in the first voids formed by the first substrate-forming particles by placing a second substrate-forming particle on the surface of the substrate formed of the first substrate-forming particles and applying pressure thereto.
- the solvent may be prepared by surface coating and heating the polymer solution to dry the solvent or curing the polymer.
- the polymer filled in some or all of the second pores may be removed by a method such as firing later, so that a thin film or a thick film formed on the substrate may be used as a separator.
- the average particle diameter of the first substrate forming particles is preferably larger than the average particle diameter of the second substrate forming particles.
- the size of the first substrate-forming particles and the second substrate-forming particles is not limited, but may be micro-scale or nano-scale according to the purpose.
- the second substrate-forming particles are injected at a physical pressure on the surface of the substrate molded into the first substrate-forming particles, the second substrate-forming particles are mainly disposed on the surface of the substrate.
- one or more second substrate forming particles are filled in one first void formed by the first substrate forming particles, so that the size of the surface irregularities formed by the first substrate forming particles is smaller than this. Convert to surface irregularities.
- the first substrate-forming particles and the second substrate-forming particles may be the same or different materials.
- Non-limiting examples of the first substrate-forming particles and the second substrate-forming particles include (i) a substance having a hydroxy group on its surface as an oxide containing only one or two or more metals and nonmetal elements, (ii) a thiol group (-SH ) Or a single metal or alloy of metals bonded with an amine group (-NH 2 ), (iii) a polymer having a functional group on its surface, (iv) a semiconductor compound, or (v) a zeolite or a pseudomolecular body thereof, or mixtures thereof Etc.
- first substrate-forming particles and the second substrate-forming particles are each independently ordered porous materials.
- porous silica was used as the first substrate forming particles and the second substrate forming particles.
- non-limiting examples of polymers include natural polymers such as cellulose, starch (amylose and amylopectin) and lignin, synthetic polymers or conductive polymers.
- the type and size of the polymer is not limited as long as it is a polymer and can be dissolved in a solvent to fill some or all of the second pores.
- the polymer is preferably a polymer that has a hydroxyl group on the surface or can be treated to have a hydroxyl group. This is because, in the future, adhesion of seed crystals on the substrate according to the present invention can be enhanced.
- the method for producing a thin film or a thick film according to the present invention in the flat portion of at least one surface of the substrate according to the present invention, at least one or all of the a-axis, b-axis and c-axis orientated according to a certain rule Aligning the non-spherical seed crystals as much as possible; And a second step of exposing the aligned seed crystals in a solution for growing seed crystals to form and grow a film from the seed crystals using a secondary growth method.
- Seed crystals are preferably ordered porous materials.
- the seed crystals used by the present invention and the skeletal components of the formed film are not particularly limited.
- Seed crystals and the formed film may be zeolites or similar molecular sieves.
- the seed crystals and the formed film may be MFI structure.
- zeolite refers not only to (i) a generic term for minerals that are aluminum silicate hydrates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, but also to (ii) various elements in place of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), which are the elements that make up the zeolite skeleton structure. It also includes zeotype molecular sieves that have replaced some or all of silicon or aluminum as an element, and in the larger sense includes all porous oxides or sulfides having hydroxyl groups on the surface.
- Molecular sieve means a porous material that can separate molecules of different sizes when they are mixed.
- MFI structured zeolites or similar molecular sieves examples include ZSM-5, silicalite, TS-1, AZ-1, Bor-C, Boralite C, encilite, FZ-1, LZ-105, monoclinic H-ZSM -5, mutinite, NU-4, NU-5, TSZ, TSZ-III, TZ-01, USC-4, USI-108, ZBH, ZKQ-1B and the like.
- the first step is that the non-spherical seed crystals aligned on the substrate, which are then used as a template for secondary growth, have one or more of the crystal axes a-axis, b-axis and c-axis or It is characterized by being aligned so that all are oriented according to certain rules.
- Non-spherical silicalite-1 or zeolite beta seed crystals are ordered porous materials, having channels in the a-axis, b-axis and / or c-axis within the crystals (FIGS. 1A, B, C).
- seed crystals aligned on a substrate may be oriented according to whether all a axes of the seed crystals are parallel to each other, all b axes of the seed crystals are parallel to each other, all c axes of the seed crystals are parallel, or a combination thereof. It may be.
- the seed crystals aligned on the substrate may be a axis, b axis or c axis oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- seed crystals on which one or more or all of the a-axis, the b-axis, and the c-axis are oriented according to a certain rule form a monolayer (FIGS. 1A, B, and C).
- seed crystals can be raised and then aligned with the a-axis, b-axis or c-axis orientation of the seed crystals by physical pressure.
- Korean Patent Publication No. 2009-120846 discloses a method of vertically orienting all b-axis of MFI type seed crystals on a substrate, and is capable of adjusting the a-axis, b-axis and / or c-axis orientation of the crystals on the substrate.
- the technique is described in PCT / KR2010 / 002180 and PCT / KR2010 / 002181.
- seed crystals aligned on at least one or both of the a-axis, b-axis and c-axis orientations on the substrate may be prepared according to the methods described in Korean Patent Publication Nos. 2009-120846, PCT / KR2010 / 002180 and PCT / KR2010 / 002181 or We can prepare by application.
- seed crystals in which the a-axis, b-axis and c-axis orientations are all aligned on the substrate in the first step may be prepared by the following process:
- the shape of the pore is preferably formed to correspond to the shape of a predetermined portion of the seed crystal inserted into the pore in order to adjust the crystal axis orientation of the seed crystal.
- the substrate or the template base and the seed crystals can form hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, coordination bonds or van der Waals bonds by the added physical pressure.
- the intaglio or embossment formed on the substrate or mold substrate surface may be directly imprinted on the substrate itself, formed by photoresist, formed by laser ablation after coating the sacrificial layer, or formed by inkjet printing.
- the photoresist or ink may be removed after aligning the seed crystals on the substrate, but may continue to be the support of the seed crystals even during secondary growth.
- the seed crystals aligned on the substrate in the first step may be in contact or spaced apart from adjacent seed crystals, but their thickness is necessary for the photoresist or ink to sufficiently serve as a support for the seed crystals even during secondary growth. As a result, adjacent seed crystals are preferably spaced apart.
- a coupling agent capable of binding to the substrate and seed crystals may be applied on the substrate surface.
- the term “linker” refers to any compound having a functional group at the terminus that enables binding between the substrate and seed crystals. Preferred linking agents and mechanisms of action and applications thereof are disclosed in Korean Patent Publication Nos. 2009-120846 and US 7,357,836.
- seed crystals are connected to each other two-dimensionally by the second growth from the seed crystal surface to form three-dimensional vertical growth to form a film.
- the seed crystals which are regular porous materials such as silicalite-1 or zeolite beta, form a channel in the crystal, the channel of the seed crystal can be extended to the film formed therefrom.
- a film formed in a partition in which at least one crystal axis orientation of adjacent seed crystals is the same may be extended by a continuous connection of channels in an axial direction parallel to the substrate surface; Channels are continuously connected and extended in an axial direction perpendicular to or inclined to the substrate surface; Or both conditions can be satisfied.
- crystal nucleation does not occur in the crystal growth solution or on the seed crystal surface.
- the solvent in the seed crystal growth solution used in the second step may be water or an organic solvent.
- the seed crystal growth solution used in the second step preferably contains a structure directing agent.
- the structure inducing agent is a material that serves as a template of a specific crystalline structure, and the charge distribution, size, and geometric shape of the structure inducing agent provide structure directing properties.
- the structure inducing agent used in the second step according to the present invention is a kind that induces only secondary growth from the surface of the seed crystals and does not induce crystal nucleation in the seed crystal growth solution or on the seed crystal surface. desirable. Unless only crystal nucleation is induced, the rate of crystal growth along each crystal axis is not critical.
- Seed crystals used in the first step can also be formed using a seed structure directing agent. Since the seed structure inducing agent induces a crystal nucleation reaction, it is not preferable to use the seed structure inducing agent as the structure inducing agent of the second stage. Therefore, the structure inducing agent (SDA) in the seed crystal growth solution used in the second step is preferably different from the seed structure inducing agent.
- SDA structure inducing agent
- the structure inducing agent used in the second step may be an amine, imine or quaternary ammonium salt, preferably quaternary ammonium represented by the following formula (1) It may be a hydroxide or an oligomer having a repeating unit thereof.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group of C 1 -C 30, of the C 1 -C 30 alkyl, aralkyl or aryl
- the group may include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or metal atoms as heteroatoms, the number of repeating groups in the oligomer may be 2 to 10, and 2 to 4 are preferable.
- alkyl of C 1 -C 30 refers to a straight or pulverized saturated hydrocarbon group of 1-30 carbon atoms, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, Nonyl, decyl, undecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl and heptadecyl, and the like.
- the alkyl group is a C 1 -C 4 straight or branched alkyl group.
- aralkyl means an aryl group bonded to the structure by one or more alkyl groups, preferably a benzyl group.
- aryl group means a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic carbon ring which is wholly or partially unsaturated, and is preferably monoaryl or biaryl. It is preferable that monoaryl has 5-6 carbon atoms, and it is preferable that biaryl has 9-10 carbon atoms. Most preferably said aryl is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.
- the seed crystal growth solution used in the second step may include the following raw materials in addition to the structure inducing agent:
- Aluminum (Al) as an raw material an organic-inorganic hybrid material in which an organic material is bonded to aluminum such as aluminum isopropoxide, a salt form material containing Al such as aluminum sulfate, or powder form of Al only Metallic material in the form of agglomerates and all materials of aluminum oxide such as alumina.
- organic inorganic hybrid materials in which organic matter is bonded to silicon such as TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), salt form material containing Si element such as sodium silicalite, powder form or lump form made of Si only Material with, all materials of silicon oxide such as glass powder, and quartz.
- TEOS tetraethyl orthosilicate
- salt form material containing Si element such as sodium silicalite
- powder form or lump form made of Si only Material with, all materials of silicon oxide such as glass powder, and quartz.
- F raw material any type of substance including F as F raw material, such as HF, NH 4 F, NaF, KF, etc
- the seed crystal growth solution for zeolites or similar molecular sieves consists of a composition of [TEOS] X [TEAOH] Y [(NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 ] Z [H 2 O] W.
- the content ratio of X: Y: Z: W in the composition is (0.1-30) :( 0.1-50) :( 0.01-50) :( 1-500), preferably (0.5-15) :( 0.5 -25) :( 0.05-25) :( 25-400), more preferably (1.5-10) :( 1.0-15) :( 0.1-15) :( 40-200), most preferably (3 -6) :( 1.5-5) :( 0.2-5) :( 60-100).
- Seed crystal growth solution for zeolite or similar molecular sieve in the present method may be added to transition metals such as titanium, Group 13 such as gallium, and Group 14 elements such as germanium in addition to the above composition, but are not limited thereto.
- the proportion of these additional raw materials is limited to the range of 0.1-30.
- the reaction temperature for film formation and growth may vary from 50-250 ° C. depending on the composition of the seed crystal growth solution used or the material to be made.
- the reaction temperature is 80-200 ° C, more preferably 120-180 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is not always fixed, but can be reacted by changing the temperature in several steps.
- the reaction time for film formation and growth can vary from 0.5 hours to 20 days.
- the reaction time is preferably 2 hours-15 days, more preferably 6 hours-2 days, most preferably 10 hours-1 days.
- Membranes prepared according to the present invention are molecular separation membranes, low dielectric materials in the semiconductor industry, nonlinear optical materials, thin films for water decomposition devices, thin films for solar cells, optical components, interior or exterior components for aircrafts, cosmetic containers, living containers, mirrors And other zeolites may be used in a variety of applications, such as thin film using the nanopore characteristics, but is not limited thereto.
- one or more or all of the a-axis, the b-axis, and the c-axis of the non-spherical seed crystals can be oriented according to a predetermined rule, and the zeolite-based thin film formed on the substrate or Thick films can be used as molecular separators.
- the substrate having a flat surface according to the present invention can be used to form a film in which the channel is formed in the horizontal direction as well as perpendicular to the substrate surface, various functional molecules, polymers, metal nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, quantum wires in the nanochannels.
- the film containing the back in a constant orientation can be used as a variety of advanced materials for optical, electronic and electro-optical.
- a channel is formed in a vertical direction in a membrane formed of porous alumina, porous silica, or mesoporous material, it functions as a separator that separates molecules.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of (A) leaflet-form and (B) coffin-form SL crystals and (C) truncated bipyramid shape Si-BEA crystals and their channel systems, and (D) The schematic diagram of a-alignment (E) b-alignment and (F) a-alignment monolayer is shown. (G) to (I) show that secondary growth on a single film produces a uniformly oriented film.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a manufacturing process of a substrate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows SEM images (A) of leaflet shaped SL seed crystals and SL crystals (B) grown from SL seed crystals by secondary growth in gel-2, (C) shows XRD diffraction patterns of leaflet shaped seed crystals And XRD diffraction patterns of SL crystals grown from seed crystals by secondary growth in gel-2, (D) is a graph of the average growth length of the SL crystals versus reaction time during secondary growth of leaflet SL crystals in gel-2 It is shown. (E) shows the morphological changes of the SL seed crystals after secondary growth.
- FIG. 4 shows polishing of a porous substrate (3 mm) prepared by pressing (150 kgfcm ⁇ 2 ) for 30 seconds and firing at 1,020 ° C. for 2 hours, with a 1: 1 mixture of 350 nm to 600 nm beads. The SEM top image is then shown.
- B further shows an SEM top image of the porous substrate rubbed the surface with 70 nm silica beads and calcined at 550 ° C. for 8 hours.
- C shows an SEM image of a b-oriented SL monolayer attached on a porous silica support.
- D shows a b-oriented SL membrane supported on a porous silica support prepared by secondary growth of a single layer in gel-2 at 165 ° C. for 18 hours.
- Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a plant for the separation of p- / o- xylene.
- FIG. 6 shows a graph of the number of HC-n dyes included in a single channel (Nc) n of the SL membrane versus (A) the structure of the HC-n dye and (B) the alkyl chain length of the HC-n dye.
- C 3-mm-thickness Y-cut modification
- Porous silica substrates were prepared from 50-550 nm size silica beads synthesized by Stober method. To this end, 10 g of 350 nm SiO 2 and 10 g of 550 nm SiO 2 were mixed with a food mixer. 0.6 mL of an aqueous Na 2 SiO 3 (0.5% deionized distilled water) solution was added dropwise to the mixed silica beads, and the silica bead mixture was ground in a mixer for 10 minutes. 1.8 g of the mixture was placed in a home-made stainless steel mold and pressurized to a pressure of 150 kgf / cm 2 to prepare a porous silica support.
- the resulting silica dish was heated at 100 ° C./h for 2 hours and calcined at 1020 ° C. After the temperature was lowered to room temperature, both sides of the porous silica disk were polished with SiC sandpaper (Presi, grit size P800). One side was polished again with SiC sandpaper (Presi, grit size P1200) to level the surface.
- the diameter and thickness of the porous silica disks were 20 mm and 3 mm, respectively.
- the porosity measured by mercury porosimetry had an average particle size of 250 nm and porosity was 45.5%.
- a drop of deionized distilled water was dropped onto the porous silica support.
- 70 nm silica beads were prepared and calcined at 550 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the calcined 70 nm silica beads were gently rubbed onto the porous silica support until shiny at the surface.
- the glazed porous silica support was dried overnight at room temperature and calcined at 550 ° C. in a muffle furnace for 8 hours. The temperature was raised to 550 ° C. for 8 hours and cooled to room temperature for 4 hours.
- An acetone solution of epoxy resin (10 wt%) was spin coated on porous silica at a speed of 3000 rpm for 15 seconds and stored at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- An ethanol solution of polyethyleneimine (PEI, 0.1%) was spin-coated at 2,500 rpm for 15 seconds on an epoxy-coated porous silica support.
- the SL crystals were aligned to be perfectly b-oriented by rubbing the SL crystals (1.0 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ 1.4 ⁇ m 3 ) with a finger on the porous support.
- the SL crystal monolayer on porous silica is referred to as b-SLm / p-SiO 2 .
- the b-SLm / p-SiO 2 plate was calcined at 550 ° C.
- the calcined b-SLm / p-SiO 2 plates were left overnight in a constant humidity chamber to allow the plates to adsorb H 2 O.
- the hydrated b-SLm / p-SiO 2 plates were then immersed in aqueous NH 4 F solution (0.2M) for 5 hours.
- NH 4 F-treated b-SLm / p-SiO 2 plates were immersed in fresh deionized distilled water for 1 hour and dried at room temperature for 24 hours.
- Example 3 Secondary Growth of b-SLm / p-SiO 2 Films in Gel- 2 (Preparation of SL Films Completely b-Oriented on Porous SiO 2 )
- Solution II was quickly poured into Solution I with vigorous stirring. The mixture immediately solidified. The solidified mixture was further stirred with a plastic rod for 2 minutes and aged at fixed conditions for 6 hours. After aging, the semisolid gel was ground in a food mixer and transferred to a Teflon-line autoclave.
- the b-SLm / p-SiO 2 membrane was left perpendicular to Gel-2.
- the hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 165 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a perfectly b-oriented SL membrane (referred to as b-SLf / p-SiO 2 ) on a porous SiO 2 substrate was prepared and washed with excess deionized distilled water.
- a b-SLf / p-SiO 2 membrane was immersed in deionized distilled water for 2 hours and then in NH 4 F solution (0.2M) for 4 hours. .
- the membrane was washed with deionized distilled water, dried over nitrogen and stored at room temperature for 24 hours.
- the TEAOH template was removed by firing at 440 ° C. for 8 hours in air.
- the heating rate was 60 ° C./hour, and the cooling rate was 90 ° C./hour.
- the calcined membrane was stored in a dryer for penetration testing.
- LSCM measurements were performed on two kinds of membranes: silicalite-1 membrane ( r -SLF / p-SiO 2 ) and b-SLf / p-SiO 2 randomly oriented on a porous silica substrate. .
- the calcined membrane was mounted on a home-made permeance cell.
- the zeolite site was contacted with pure MeOH, while the support site was contacted with 0.1M fluorescin solution of formula (1) in MeOH. Contact areas were sealed with O-rings. After dyeing at room temperature for 4 days, the membrane was removed and washed with excess MeOH, dried with nitrogen and stored at room temperature for 12 hours.
- LSCM measurements were performed using the LSM-710 (Carl Zeiss) in an argon (Ar) laser source (488 nm) and z-stack scan mode.
- the r- SLF / p-SiO 2 membrane was measured at a laser power of 3.5% using a Plan-Apochromat 40x / 0.95 Korr M27 objective with a zoom value of 0.6 and a master gain of 547.
- the b-SLF / p-SiO 2 membrane was measured at 6.5% laser power using a Plan-Apochromat 40 ⁇ / 0.95 Korr M27 objective with a zoom value of 2.0 and a master gain of 700.
- 3D images were obtained using ZEN 2009 Light Edition software (Carl Zeiss).
- the p- and o-xylene gas pressures at the feed side were 0.32 and 0.31 kPa, respectively.
- the filter surface was washed with helium with a flow rate of 15 mL / min.
- the total pressure on both sides was atmospheric pressure.
- Separation cells were mounted in a convection oven. To prevent condensation, all lines of the system were maintained at 110 ° C. by a tape heater. Permeability testing was performed by slowly rising from room temperature at a rate of 1 ° C./min at the desired temperature. Clean membranes were used for each test at various temperatures. During the temperature rise, pure helium gas passed to both sides of the membrane.
- the gas flow on the permeate side was passed through GC through a 6-port valve.
- the concentrations of components (p- and o-xylene) were analyzed by GC chromatogram area. After the area-concentration curves were obtained, a membrane test was carried out for each component by passing a He reference flow at various concentrations for each component.
- Permeability (P mole s -1 m -2 Pa -1 ) is defined as the flow rate of component M (F mole s -1 m -2 ) for the difference in partial pressure between the feed and permeate surfaces of component M One).
- the separation factor ⁇ P / O is defined as the ratio of the mole fraction of para isomer (fp) to the ortho isomer (fo) at the feed and permeate sides (Equation 2).
- the zeolite membrane prepared by this example can be used for membrane-mediated separation in which small molecule mixtures are separated into pure materials.
- a monolayer of round coffin-type SL crystals was prepared on a porous silica thin film, and uniformly 1.0 ⁇ m ⁇ in gel-2.
- a b-oriented SL thin film was grown to have a uniform thickness (FIG. 4).
- the use of porous silica supports is essential to maintain consistent b-orientation of the SL membrane. This is because the porous support containing aluminum inhibits the growth of the membrane.
- the preparation of the porous silica support can be obtained by the method described in Example 1. Separation of O- and P-xylene mixtures was performed at the conditions reported as standard at two different temperatures (80 ° C. and 150 ° C.) (FIG. 5).
- the permeability of p-xylene initially measured at 80 ° C. is much larger than that of o-xylene, giving a high (> 1900) separation factor (SF) (FIG. 6D).
- SF separation factor
- the steady state permeabilities of p-xylene and o-xylene are 0.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 and 0.0092 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mols ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 2 Pa ⁇ 1 , respectively, resulting in a stabilized state SF of 71.
- the continuous decrease in p-xylene permeability and decrease in SF values are due to the gradual increase in channel blockage due to the gradual adsorption of O-xylene into the channel, as the rate of diffusion of the p-xylene molecule is reduced. It is judged that The fact that the transmittance decreases to almost zero also means that the b-oriented SL thin film has no cracks.
- p-xylene permeability decreases from 21.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mols ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 2 Pa ⁇ 1 over 400 hours (FIG. 6E).
- o-xylene permeability decreases from 0.0097 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 to 0.0068 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mols ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 2 Pa ⁇ 1 .
- the gradual decrease in p-xylene permeability at 150 ° C. means that channel occlusion with o-xylene still continues at 150 ° C., and the b-oriented SL thin film does not crack during run time.
- the SF value remains almost uniformly at ⁇ 1000. Although this steady state SF value is less than the highest value observed from a randomly oriented tubular SL film, it is about twice as high as that of a randomly oriented non-tubular SL film with the same thickness (Table 1).
- Table 5 compares the methods of the present invention with other groups of methods and compares the properties of uniformly b-oriented SL membranes.
- SF represents the separation element
- firing method (C) is a slow heating and slow cooling method that is commonly used.
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Abstract
Description
배향 | 두께[㎛] | p-자일렌 투과도[10-10mols-1m-2Pa-1] | SF | Temp. [℃] | 소성 방법 |
무작위(참고문헌 1) | 0.5 | 2,700 | 17 | 400 | C |
b (참고문헌 2) | 1.0 | 2,460 | 378 | 150 | C |
b (참고문헌 2) | 1.0 | 1,960 | 483 | 200 | C |
무작위 (참고문헌 3) | - | 270 | 60 | 150 | C |
무작위 (참고문헌 4) | - | - | ~5,000 | 200 | - |
b (본 발명) | 1.0 | 2,100-500 | ~1,000 | 150 | C |
Claims (29)
- 제1 기재 형성 입자들로 성형된 기재;상기 기재의 적어도 하나의 표면 상에 있는 제1 기재 형성 입자들에 의해 형성된 제1 공극들의 일부 또는 전부를 메우기 위해 충진된 제2 기재 형성 입자들;제2 기재 형성 입자들이 충진된 부위에 남아있는 제2 공극들의 일부 또는 전부를 메우기 위해 충진된 고분자;를 포함하는 것이 특징인 적어도 하나의 표면의 일부 또는 전부가 편평한 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 기재는 적어도 하나의 표면의 일부 또는 전부가 편평하여 결정축 a축, b축 및 c축 중 하나 이상 또는 모두가 일정한 규칙에 따라 배향되도록 비구형 종자 결정들(non-spherical seed crystals)을 정렬시키는 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 기재 형성 입자들의 평균 입경은 제2 기재 형성 입자들의 평균입경보다 큰 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 기재 형성 입자들에 의해 형성된 하나의 제1 공극에 하나 이상의 제2 기재 형성 입자가 충진된 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 기재 형성 입자와 제2 기재 형성 입자는 동일 또는 상이한 재료인 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 기재 형성 입자와 제2 기재 형성 입자는 각각 독립적으로 (i) 금속 및 비금속 원소들이 단독 또는 2 종 이상 포함되어 있는 산화물로서 표면에 히드록시기를 가지는 물질, (ii) 티올기(-SH) 또는 아민기(-NH2)와 결합하는 단일 금속 또는 금속의 합금, (iii) 표면에 작용기를 가지는 중합체, (iv) 반도체 화합물, 또는 (v) 제올라이트 또는 그의 유사분자체인 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 기재 형성 입자와 제2 기재 형성 입자는 각각 독립적으로 규칙적 다공성물질(ordered porous materials)인 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 기재 형성 입자와 제2 기재 형성 입자는 각각 독립적으로 다공성 실리카인 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 고분자는 천연고분자, 합성고분자 또는 전도성 고분자인 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 고분자는 표면에 히드록실기를 가지고 있거나 히드록실기를 갖도록 처리가 가능한 고분자인 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 기재 형성 입자들로 성형된 기재 표면 상에 제2 기재 형성 입자를 올려놓고 압력을 가하여 제1 기재 형성 입자들에 의해 형성된 제1 공극들에 제2 기재 형성 입자를 삽입하고 소성한 후, 고분자 용액을 표면 코팅하고 가열하여 용매를 건조 또는 고분자를 경화시켜 제조된 것이 특징인 기재.
- 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 기재; 및상기 기재의 적어도 하나의 표면 중 편평한 부분에, a축, b축 및 c축 중 하나 이상 또는 모두가 일정한 규칙에 따라 배향되도록 정렬된 비구형 종자 결정들을 포함하는 기재 복합체.
- 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 기재의 적어도 하나의 표면 중 편평한 부분에, a축, b축 및 c축 중 하나 이상 또는 모두가 일정한 규칙에 따라 배향되도록 비구형 종자 결정들을 정렬시키는 제1단계; 및종자 결정들을 성장시키는 용액에 상기 정렬된 종자 결정들을 노출시켜 2차 성장법을 이용하여, 상기 종자 결정들로부터 막을 형성 및 성장시키는 제2단계를 포함하여, 박막 또는 후막을 제조하는 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 제2단계에서 사용되는 종자 결정 성장 용액은 구조 유도제(Structure directing agent)를 함유하는 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 제2단계에서 사용되는 구조 유도제는 종자 결정들의 표면으로부터 2차 성장만을 유도하고, 결정 성장 용액 중 또는 종자 결정 표면에서 결정 핵 생성반응(crystal nucleation)을 유도하지는 못하는 종류인 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 제2단계에서 종자 결정 표면으로부터 2차 성장에 의해 종자 결정들이 2차원적으로 서로 연결되면서 3차원적으로 수직 성장을 하여 막을 형성하는 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 종자 결정들은 규칙적 다공성물질(ordered porous materials)인 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 제1단계에서 정렬된 종자 결정들은, 종자 결정들의 모든 a축이 서로 평행하거나, 종자 결정들의 모든 b축이 서로 평행하거나, 종자 결정들의 모든 c축이 평행하거나 또는 이들의 조합에 따라 배향된 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제18항에 있어서, 제1단계에서 종자 결정들은 a축, b축 또는 c축이 기재면에 대해 수직으로 배향된 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 인접한 종자 결정들의 적어도 하나의 결정축 배향이 동일한 구획 내에서 형성된 막은,기재면에 평행한 축방향으로 채널(channel)이 연속적으로 연결되어 확장되거나;기재면에 수직 또는 경사를 이룬 축 방향으로 채널(channel)이 연속적으로 연결되어 확장되거나; 또는두 조건을 모두 만족하는 것이 된 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 제2단계에서 사용되는 종자 결정 성장 용액 중 구조 유도제(SDA)와, 제1단계에서 사용되는 종자 결정들을 형성시키는 사용되는 구조 유도제가 상이한 것이 특징인 박막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 종자 결정들 및 형성된 막은 제올라이트 또는 유사 분자체인 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 제올라이트 또는 유사 분자체는 MFI 구조인 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 제올라이트 또는 유사 분자체는 제올라이트 베타, ZSM-5, 실리카라이트, TS-1, AZ-1, Bor-C, 보라라이트 C, 엔시라이트, FZ-1, LZ-105, 모노클리닉 H-ZSM-5, 뮤티나이트, NU-4, NU-5, TSZ, TSZ-Ⅲ, TZ-01, USC-4, USI-108, ZBH 및 ZKQ-1B로 구성된 군에서 선택된 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 제2단계에서 사용되는 구조 유도제는 아민, 이민 또는 4차 암모늄 염(quaternary ammonium salt)인 것이 특징인 박막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 제1단계는 상기 기재 상에, 종자 결정들을 올린 후 물리적 압력에 의해 종자 결정들의 a축, b축 또는 c축 배향을 정렬시킨 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제26항에 있어서, 상기 물리적 압력은 문지르기(rubbing) 또는 누르기(pressing against substrate)에 의해 가해지는 것이 특징인 막 제조 방법.
- 제13항에 기재된 방법에 의해 제조된 막.
- 제28항에 있어서, 기재는 제1 기재 형성 입자들로 성형된 기재의 적어도 하나의 표면 상에 있는 제1 기재 형성 입자들에 의해 형성된 제1 공극들의 일부 또는 전부에 제2 기재 형성 입자들이 충진되어 있으나, 제2 공극들의 일부 또는 전부에 충진된 고분자는 제거된 것이 특징인 막.
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JP6082106B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
JP2015521576A (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
US20150218006A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
CN105228732A (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
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