WO2013145622A1 - 基板貼り合わせ装置および基板貼り合わせ方法 - Google Patents
基板貼り合わせ装置および基板貼り合わせ方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013145622A1 WO2013145622A1 PCT/JP2013/001813 JP2013001813W WO2013145622A1 WO 2013145622 A1 WO2013145622 A1 WO 2013145622A1 JP 2013001813 W JP2013001813 W JP 2013001813W WO 2013145622 A1 WO2013145622 A1 WO 2013145622A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substrate bonding apparatus and a substrate bonding method.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2005-251972
- a substrate bonding apparatus for bonding a first substrate and a second substrate to each other, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate that are aligned and overlapped with each other are bonded to each other.
- a detection unit for detecting the uneven state of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, and whether the uneven state detected by the detection unit satisfies a predetermined condition before bonding by the bonding unit.
- a substrate bonding apparatus wherein the bonding unit does not bond the first substrate and the second substrate when the determination unit determines that the uneven state does not satisfy a predetermined condition. Is provided.
- a substrate bonding method in which a first substrate and a second substrate are bonded to each other, the alignment step of aligning and overlapping the first substrate and the second substrate, and alignment A bonding step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate to each other, a detection step of detecting an uneven state of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate before the bonding step, and a detection step A determination step of determining whether or not the uneven state satisfies a predetermined condition, and if the determination step determines that the uneven state does not satisfy the predetermined condition, the substrate is characterized in that the bonding step is not performed.
- a bonding method is provided.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a substrate holder 150.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a substrate holder 150.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an overlapping portion 170.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an overlapping portion 170.
- FIG. It is typical sectional drawing of a junction part. It is sectional drawing which shows the state transition of the board
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state transition of the board
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state transition of the board
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state transition of the board
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state transition of the board
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state transition
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a substrate 121.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a part of a general control unit 110.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the control procedure of the judgment part. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the detailed control procedure of the judgment part.
- 7 is a flowchart showing another example of a detailed control procedure of the determination unit 116.
- 10 is a flowchart showing still another example of a detailed control procedure of the determination unit 116.
- 10 is a flowchart showing still another example of a detailed control procedure of the determination unit 116.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- a plurality of substrates 121 are bonded together to produce a laminated substrate 123.
- the substrate 121 to be bonded in the substrate bonding apparatus 100 may be a glass substrate or the like in addition to a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon single crystal wafer or a compound semiconductor wafer.
- a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon single crystal wafer or a compound semiconductor wafer.
- at least one of the substrates 121 to be bonded may include a plurality of elements.
- one or both of the substrates 121 to be bonded may be a laminated substrate 123 that has already been manufactured by superimposing wafers.
- the substrate bonding apparatus 100 includes a normal temperature part 102 and a high temperature part 104 formed inside a common cover 106.
- a general control unit 110 and a plurality of FOUPs (Front Opening Unified Pods) 120 are arranged on the outer surface of the cover 106 in the room temperature unit 102.
- the comprehensive control unit 110 individually controls the operation of each unit of the substrate bonding apparatus 100 and comprehensively controls the operation of the entire substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- the general control unit 110 includes an operation unit that is operated by the user from the outside when the substrate bonding apparatus 100 is powered on, various settings, information, and the like, a display unit that transmits information to the user, and the like.
- the overall control unit 110 may include a connection unit that connects to other devices additionally provided for the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- FOUP 120 accommodates a plurality of substrates 121 or laminated substrates 123. Further, the FOUP 120 can be individually attached to and detached from the substrate bonding apparatus 100. As a result, the plurality of substrates 121 to be bonded together in the substrate bonding apparatus 100 can be loaded into the substrate bonding apparatus 100 in a batch while being accommodated in the FOUP 120. In addition, the laminated substrate 123 manufactured in the substrate bonding apparatus 100 is accommodated in another FOUP 120 and is unloaded from the substrate bonding apparatus 100 at a time.
- loaders 132 and 134, a pre-aligner 140, an overlapping portion 170 and a holder stocker 180 are arranged inside the cover 106 in the room temperature portion 102.
- the inside of the room temperature unit 102 is temperature-controlled so as to maintain substantially the same temperature as the room temperature of the environment where the substrate bonding apparatus 100 is installed.
- the operation accuracy of the overlapping portion 170 is stabilized, so that the positioning accuracy when the substrates 121 are overlapped is improved.
- the loader 132 is arranged facing the FOUP 120 and carries the bonded substrate 121 out of the FOUP 120.
- the substrate 121 unloaded from the FOUP 120 is transferred to the pre-aligner 140.
- the pre-aligner 140 is disposed so as to overlap the holder stocker 180 in the vertical direction.
- the loader 132 receives the laminated substrate 123 manufactured by the substrate bonding apparatus 100 from the loader 134 and stores it in the FOUP 120. As described above, the loader 132 transports either the substrate 121 before being bonded or the laminated substrate 123 manufactured by bonding.
- the substrates 121 to be bonded in the substrate bonding apparatus 100 are formed of a thin and brittle material. For this reason, inside the substrate bonding apparatus 100, the substrate 121 is held by the substrate holder 150 having higher strength and rigidity than the substrate 121, and the substrate 121 and the substrate holder 150 are handled as a single unit. May be protected.
- the substrate holder 150 has a flat holding surface, and has a substrate holding function such as an electrostatic chuck that attracts the substrate 121 to the holding surface.
- the substrate holder 150 is taken out from the holder stocker 180 disposed in the room temperature unit 102 and used.
- the substrate holder 150 is separated from the stacked substrate 123 to be carried out and returned to the holder stocker 180. Therefore, the substrate holder 150 is repeatedly used inside the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- the pre-aligner 140 aligns the substrate holder 150 and the substrate 121 with each other when the substrate holder 150 holds the substrate 121. As a result, the mounting position and mounting direction of the substrate 121 with respect to the substrate holder 150 are made constant, and the burden of positioning work in the overlapping portion 170 is reduced.
- the loader 134 arranged along the side surface of the overlapping portion 170 in the drawing takes out the substrate holder 150 from the holder stocker 180 and conveys it to the pre-aligner 140. Further, the loader 134 carries the substrate holder 150 holding the substrate 121 in the pre-aligner 140 into the stacking unit 170.
- the holder stocker 180 accommodates a plurality of substrate holders 150. Further, the holder stocker 180 may be provided with a function of cooling the substrate holder 150 carried out from the high temperature unit 104.
- the loader 134 transports the substrate 121 superimposed with the substrate holder 150 in the overlapping unit 170 to the high temperature unit 104 side.
- the loader 134 also transports the multilayer substrate 123 sandwiched between the pair of substrate holders 150 even when the multilayer substrate 123 is unloaded from the high temperature unit 104 side.
- the loader 134 also carries one or two substrate holders 150 in addition to the substrate 121 or the laminated substrate 123. Therefore, as the loader 134, a loader having a larger conveying capacity than the loader 132 is used.
- the overlapping unit 170 includes a fixed stage 250 and a fine movement stage 230 arranged inside the frame body 210.
- the fixed stage 250 is fixed to the frame body 210 and holds the substrate holder 150 and the substrate 121 downward.
- the fine movement stage 230 mounts the substrate holder 150 and the substrate 121, moves relative to the fixed stage 250 inside the overlapping portion 170, aligns the pair of substrates 121, and further overlaps them.
- the outer surface of the frame 210 is closed by the wall material 212. Thereby, the influence of the radiant heat from the surroundings on the overlapping portion 170 is cut off.
- the superimposing unit 170 includes an interferometer 222 and an imaging unit 226 disposed inside the wall material 212.
- the interferometer 222 uses the reflecting mirror 224 mounted on the fine movement stage 230 to measure the position of the fine movement stage 230 with high accuracy.
- the imaging unit 226 observes the surface of the substrate 121 mounted on the fine movement stage 230 and detects surface properties. Thereby, the substrate 121 mounted on the fine movement stage 230 can be accurately positioned with respect to the substrate 121 held on the fixed stage 250.
- the high temperature part 104 is surrounded by the heat insulating wall 108, maintains a high internal temperature, and blocks heat radiation to the outside.
- the high temperature unit 104 includes a load lock 191, a joint 190, and a loader 136.
- the load lock 191 has shutters 193 and 195 that open and close alternately, and prevents the high temperature atmosphere of the high temperature part 104 from leaking to the normal temperature part 102.
- the loader 136 receives the substrate 121 superimposed from the loader 134 of the room temperature unit 102 together with the substrate holder 150.
- the loader 136 carries the superposed substrate 121 into one of the plurality of joints 190.
- the bonding portion 190 presses and bonds the positioned substrate 121 together. As a result, the substrate 121 becomes the laminated substrate 123. Note that the bonding unit 190 may heat the substrate 121 with pressurization.
- the laminated substrate 123 is again unloaded from the joint 190 together with the substrate holder 150 by the loader 136 and is loaded into the load lock 191.
- the laminated substrate 123 and the substrate holder 150 carried into the load lock 191 from the high temperature part 104 side are sequentially delivered to the loader 134 on the normal temperature part 102 side. Further, the substrate holder 150 is separated from the laminated substrate 123.
- the loader 132 arranged facing the FOUP 120 stores the laminated substrate 123 separated from the substrate holder 150 in the FOUP 120 alone. Further, the substrate holder 150 is returned to the holder stocker 180 and reused when another substrate 121 is bonded.
- the bonding portion 190 presses and bonds the substrate 121 positioned and overlapped in the overlapping portion 170.
- the substrate 121 may be bonded in the overlapping portion 170 in some cases. In such a case, the high temperature part 104 including the joining part 190 can be omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state where the substrate holder 150 inserted downward into the overlapping portion 170 is looked up.
- the substrate holder 150 is a disk-shaped member having a circular mounting surface 156 that contacts the substrate 121 to be held, and is formed of a hard material such as alumina ceramics. Further, the substrate holder 150 includes an electrostatic chuck 158 that electrostatically attracts the substrate 121 to the mounting surface 156 when a voltage is applied to the embedded electrode.
- the substrate holder 150 includes a plurality of permanent magnets 152 arranged along the side periphery.
- the permanent magnets 152 are fixed to the edge of the substrate holder 150 on the outside of the placement surface 156, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the substrate holder 150 inserted downward into the overlapping portion 170 is looked down.
- the substrate holder 150 also has the same shape and structure as the substrate holder 150 shown in FIG. 2 in that the mounting surface 156 and the electrostatic chuck 158 are provided.
- the substrate holder 150 has a magnetic plate 154 instead of the permanent magnet 152.
- the magnetic plate 154 is arranged corresponding to the permanent magnet 152.
- Each of the magnetic plates 154 is elastically attached to the substrate holder 150 so as to be displaceable in the normal direction of the mounting surface 156.
- the permanent magnet 152 attracts the magnetic body plate 154 and the surface direction of the pair of substrate holders 150 The relative position of is maintained autonomously.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the overlapping portion 170.
- the overlapping unit 170 includes a frame body 210, a moving stage unit 240 and a fixed stage 250 disposed inside the frame body 210.
- the fixed stage 250 is suspended downward from the ceiling surface of the frame body 210 via a plurality of load cells 254.
- the fixed stage 250 includes an electrostatic chuck 252. As a result, the fixed stage 250 attracts and holds the substrate holder 150 holding one of the substrates 121 to be bonded to the lower surface.
- the plurality of load cells 254 individually measure the load applied from the lower side to the upper side with respect to the fixed stage 250 to detect the load distribution in the surface direction of the substrate 121.
- a downward microscope 251 is arranged on the side of the fixed stage 250.
- the microscope 251 has an automatic focusing function for focusing the optical system on the surface of the substrate 121 held on the fine movement stage 230, and observes the surface of the substrate 121. Since the microscope 251 is fixed to the frame 210, the relative position between the microscope 251 and the fixed stage 250 does not change.
- the moving stage unit 240 includes a moving surface plate 242, a coarse moving stage 244, a gravity canceling unit 246, a spherical seat 248 and a fine moving stage 230.
- the moving surface plate 242 is mounted with the coarse movement stage 244, the gravity canceling unit 246 and the fine movement stage 230, and moves along the guide rail 241 fixed to the inner bottom surface of the frame body 210. Due to the movement of the moving surface plate 242, the moving stage unit 240 moves between a position immediately below the fixed stage 250 and a position off the position immediately below the fixed stage 250.
- the coarse movement stage 244 moves relative to the moving surface plate 242 in the horizontal direction including the X direction component and the Y direction component indicated by arrows in the drawing.
- the fine movement stage 230 moves in accordance with the coarse movement stage 244.
- the gravity canceling unit 246 expands and contracts while detecting a fine displacement of the fine movement stage 230, and reduces the apparent weight of the fine movement stage 230. This reduces the load on the actuator that displaces the fine movement stage 230 and improves the position control accuracy.
- the fine movement stage 230 has a holding unit 220 and holds a substrate holder 150 holding a substrate 121 to be bonded. In the positioning operation of the substrate 121, the fine movement stage 230 initially moves according to the movement of the coarse movement stage 244. In the next stage, fine movement stage 230 is displaced with respect to coarse movement stage 244.
- the displacement of fine movement stage 230 with respect to coarse movement stage 244 includes translation and rotation for all of the X, Y, and Z axes.
- the fine movement stage 230 has a microscope 231 fixed to the side. Since the microscope 231 is fixed with respect to the fine movement stage 230, the relative positions of the fine movement stage 230 and the microscope 231 do not change.
- the microscope 231 has an automatic focusing function for focusing the optical system on the surface of the substrate 121, and observes the surface of the substrate 121 held on the fixed stage 250.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overlapping portion 170. Elements that are the same as those in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted.
- the moving stage portion 240 moves along the guide rail 241 so that the fine movement stage 230 and the fixed stage 250 holding the substrate holder 150 and the substrate 121 face each other. Further, after positioning the pair of held substrates, the fine movement stage 230 is raised, and the pair of substrates 121 approach each other.
- the pads on the substrate 121 are electrically coupled to each other via solder bumps or the like formed on at least one substrate 121.
- the stacked substrate 123 can be formed by coupling elements on the pair of substrates 121 to each other.
- the overlapping portion 170 positions the pair of substrates 121 so that the positions of pads, pumps, and the like coincide.
- the pair of substrates 121 is finally bonded at the bonding portion 190. Therefore, in the overlapping portion 170, the substrates 121 are fixed in a state of being positioned relative to each other.
- the fixed substrates 121 may be in contact with each other or separated from each other.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the joint 190.
- the joint 190 includes a surface plate 198 and a heat plate 196 that are sequentially stacked from the bottom of the housing 192, and an indented portion 194 and a heat plate 196 that are suspended from the ceiling surface of the housing 192.
- Each of the heat plates 196 includes a heater.
- a carry-in port 199 is provided on one of the side surfaces of the housing 192.
- the substrate 121 that has already been positioned and superimposed and the pair of substrate holders 150 that sandwich the substrate 121 are carried together into the joint 190.
- the loaded substrate holder 150 and the substrate 121 are placed on the upper surface of the heat plate 196 of the surface plate 198.
- the joint 190 raises the temperature of the heat plate 196 and lowers the indented portion 194 to push down the upper heat plate 196.
- the substrate holder 150 and the substrate 121 sandwiched between the heat plates 196 are heated and pressed to be joined, and the substrate 121 becomes the laminated substrate 123.
- the manufactured laminated substrate 123 is unloaded from the joint 190 by the loader 136.
- the substrate holder 150 is required to have strength and heat resistance that do not deteriorate even when repeatedly subjected to heating and pressurization at the joint 190.
- the heating temperature by the heat plate 196 is high, the surface of the substrate 121 may chemically react with the atmosphere. Therefore, when the substrate 121 is heated and pressurized, the inside of the housing 192 is preferably evacuated to a vacuum environment. Therefore, an openable / closable door for closing the carry-in entrance 199 in an airtight manner may be provided.
- the bonding unit 190 may be provided with a cooling unit that cools the laminated substrate 123 after being heated and pressurized. Thereby, even if it does not reach room temperature, the laminated substrate 123 cooled to some extent can be carried out and quickly returned to the FOUP 120.
- 7, 8, 9, and 10 are diagrams showing changes in the state of the substrate 121 in the substrate bonding apparatus 100. The operation of the substrate bonding apparatus 100 will be described with reference to these drawings.
- the substrate holder 150 carried out from the holder stocker 180 by the loader 134 is positioned on the pre-aligner 140 with higher accuracy than a predetermined accuracy.
- the substrates 121 carried one by one from the FOUP 120 by the loader 132 are mounted on the substrate holder 150 with a positional accuracy higher than a predetermined accuracy with respect to the substrate holder 150 in the pre-aligner 140.
- a substrate holder 150 holding the substrate 121 is prepared.
- the substrate holder 150 on which the substrate 121 is mounted is sequentially conveyed to the stacking unit 170 by the loader 134. Thereby, for example, the substrate 121 and the substrate holder 150 that are transported first are reversed by the loader 134 and held on the fixed stage 250.
- the substrate 121 and the substrate holder 150 carried in are held on the fine movement stage 230 in the same direction.
- the pair of substrates 121 are held by the overlapping portion 170 in a state of facing each other.
- the loader 134 can integrally transport the pair of substrates 121 and the substrate holder 150 positioned relative to each other while maintaining the gap between the substrates 121.
- the substrate holder 150 can be unfixed and the substrate 121 can be positioned again without damaging the substrate 121.
- the loaders 134 and 136 insert the substrate holder 150 sandwiching the pair of substrates 121 into the joint 190.
- the pair of substrates 121 heated and pressurized at the bonding portion 190 is permanently bonded to form a laminated substrate 123 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the loaders 134 and 136 separate the substrate holder 150 and the laminated substrate 123, and convey the substrate holder 150 to the holder stocker 180 and the laminated substrate 123 to the FOUP 120, respectively.
- a series of steps for manufacturing the laminated substrate 123 is completed.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual perspective view of a pair of substrates 121 facing each other and used for bonding.
- the substrate 121 has a disk shape with a part cut off by a notch 124, and has a plurality of element regions 126 and alignment marks 128 on the surface.
- the notch 124 is formed corresponding to the crystal orientation of the substrate 121 and the like. Therefore, when the substrate 121 is handled, the direction of the substrate 121 is determined using the notch 124 as an index.
- a plurality of element regions 126 are periodically arranged on the surface of the substrate 121.
- a semiconductor device formed by processing the substrate 121 by a photolithography technique or the like is mounted in each of the element regions 126.
- Each of the element regions 126 also includes pads that serve as connection terminals when the substrate 121 is bonded to another substrate 121.
- an alignment mark 128 serving as an index for positioning the substrate 121 is disposed on the scribe line 122. Since the scribe line 122 disappears as a saw margin in the process of cutting the substrate 121 into a die, the effective area of the substrate 121 is not compressed by providing the alignment mark 128.
- the element regions 126 and the alignment marks 128 are drawn large, but the number of the element regions 126 formed on the substrate 121 having a diameter of 300 mm may reach several hundreds or more, for example. In some cases, a wiring pattern or the like formed in the element region 126 is used as the alignment mark 128.
- the alignment marks 128 of the substrates 121 facing each other are observed by the microscopes 231 and 251 and the relative positions of the substrates 121 are measured. Further, the position of the substrate 121 can be adjusted by moving the fine movement stage 230 so as to eliminate the deviation of the measured relative position.
- the bonding surface of one substrate 121 is the same as that of the other substrate. A region that is not in close contact with the bonding surface may be generated, and the yield of the stacked structure of the circuits on the substrate 121 may be reduced.
- the uneven state of the substrate 121 is detected in advance, and the substrate 121 determined to be unsuitable for bonding is removed from the line without attempting bonding. Thereby, the yield and throughput of the substrate bonding apparatus 100 can be improved.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a part of the general control unit 110 in the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- the general control unit 110 includes an overlay control unit 112, a detection unit 114, a determination unit 116, and a transport control unit 118.
- the detection of the concavo-convex state by the detection unit 114 is performed before the substrate 121 is bonded at the bonding unit 190.
- the detection of the uneven state of the substrate 121 by the detection unit 114 may be executed before the substrate 121 is superimposed on the overlapping unit 170. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a decrease in throughput and yield due to the overlapping of the substrates 121 whose unevenness is not suitable for bonding.
- the detection unit 114 detects, for example, the uneven state of the substrate 121 including the entire swell from the image obtained by imaging the substrate 121 illuminated obliquely by the imaging unit 226 disposed in the overlapping unit 170 or the like. Further, the detection unit 114 may detect the uneven state of the substrate 121 from the operation of the automatic focusing mechanism of the microscopes 231 and 251 provided in the overlapping unit 170. Note that the arrangement of the detection unit 114 is not limited to the above, and the detection unit 114 may be arranged in any place where the uneven state of the substrate 121 before being carried into the overlapping unit 170 can be detected.
- the pre-aligner 140 may be disposed on the transport path from the FOUP 120 to the pre-aligner 140 or the overlapping unit 170, or may be provided on the stage of the pre-aligner 140.
- at least one of the pre-aligner 140 and the overlapping unit 170 may be used as a part of the detection unit 114.
- the detection unit 114 may detect the uneven state of the substrate 121 by detecting a protruding portion on the bonding surface of the substrate 121. That is, a region protruding beyond a predetermined threshold, for example, 3 ⁇ m, is measured with respect to a reference surface assumed based on the holding surface of the substrate holder 150 holding the substrate 121 to be detected and the thickness of the substrate 121. By doing so, the uneven state of the substrate 121 can be detected.
- the uneven state may be evaluated by measuring at least one of the height, width, and width of the protruding portion.
- the imaging unit 226 is arranged in the superimposing unit 170, but the imaging unit 226 may be provided in another place. Further, the imaging unit 226 may be arranged in a location in addition to the inside of the overlapping unit 170.
- the detection unit 114 may detect the protruding portion as an adhering matter attached to the substrate 121. As described above, the detection unit 114 may detect the material of the protruding portion of the substrate 121, that is, whether the protruding portion is formed by the substrate 121 itself or by an attached substance.
- the detection unit 114 may detect the protruding direction of the protruding portion of the substrate 121. Accordingly, it can be seen that the detected protruding portion is reduced or reduced by the load applied to the substrate 121 due to the overlapping, bonding, or the like of the substrate 121, and the yield reduction may be suppressed.
- a method of efficiently pressing the protruding portion can be selected when an external force is applied to eliminate the protruding portion.
- the detection unit 114 may detect the uneven state of the substrate 121 based on the load distribution measured by the load cell 254 of the overlapping unit 170. That is, when the substrate 121 has a large protruding portion, a large load is generated at the protruding portion when the substrates 121 are overlapped.
- the detection of the concavo-convex state based on the output of the load cell 254 may refer to the output of the load cell 254 during the operation of superimposing the substrates 121, or only one substrate 121 may be detected for the purpose of detecting the concavo-convex state.
- the output of the load cell 254 may be referred to by pressing against the fixed stage 250.
- the detection unit 114 may detect the uneven state by acquiring information on the distance between the microscopes 231 and 251 and the surface of the substrate 121 from the focusing mechanism of the microscopes 231 and 251. That is, the microscopes 231 and 251 focus the optical system on the bonding surface of the substrate 121 when observing the bonding surface of the substrate 121. For this reason, the information regarding the distance to the bonding surface of the substrate 121 or the information regarding the position of the bonding surface can be acquired from the focusing mechanism of the microscopes 231 and 251, and the uneven state of the substrate 121 can be detected.
- the detection unit 114 may detect the uneven state of the substrate 121 in the substrate holder 150. That is, when the substrate 121 has large unevenness, the contact area between the substrate 121 and the substrate holder 150 decreases. Thereby, since the electric current which flows through the surface of the board
- the substrate holder 150 having a vacuum chuck can also detect the uneven state of the substrate.
- the uneven state of the substrate 121 can be detected by measuring the negative pressure that changes depending on the atmosphere entering from the gap between the substrate holder 150 and the substrate 121 according to the uneven state of the substrate 121. .
- the detection unit 114 may detect the uneven state of the substrate 121 with reference to the pre-alignment operation in the pre-aligner 140. Thereby, since the uneven state can be known before the substrate 121 is carried into the overlapping portion 170, measures for eliminating or reducing the uneven state are executed at an early stage to improve the throughput of the substrate bonding apparatus 100. Can do.
- the overlay control unit 112 includes an observation unit 312, a calculation unit 314, and a stage drive unit 316.
- the observation unit 312 detects the position of the alignment mark 128 for each of the pair of substrates 121 to be bonded based on the image information acquired from the microscopes 231 and 251 of the overlapping unit 170.
- the calculating unit 314 statistically processes the position information of the alignment mark 128 detected by the observing unit 312 to calculate the displacement of the relative position of the pair of substrates 121 from the position of the alignment mark 128. Thereby, the displacement of the relative position of the pair of substrates 121 carried into the overlapping unit 170 is calculated as the amount of displacement.
- the stage driving unit 316 drives the fine movement stage 230 so as to cancel the positional deviation amount based on the positional deviation amount acquired from the calculation unit 314. Thereby, in the superposition part 170, a pair of board
- the determination unit 116 determines whether the uneven state satisfies a predetermined condition based on the uneven state of the substrate 121 detected by the detection unit 114. In this embodiment, the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the bonding of the substrate 121 should be executed based on the uneven state of the substrate 121. In other words, the determination unit 116 instructs the transport control unit 118 to return the substrate 121 to the FOUP 120 without performing bonding without attempting superposition or bonding when the uneven state of the substrate 121 is significant. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the throughput of the substrate bonding apparatus 100 from being reduced due to the time required for superimposing the substrates 121.
- the determination unit 116 is not limited to determining whether or not the substrate 121 can be bonded, but when the substrate 121 is bonded, the determination unit 116 predicts the yield of a product finally obtained and is determined in advance. When it is predicted that the yield will be worse than the threshold value, it may be determined that the bonding of the substrate 121 is impossible.
- the determination unit 116 is configured so that the adsorption force of the substrate 121 by the substrate holder 150, the load applied to the substrate 121 for superposition in the superposition unit 170, and the load applied to the substrate 121 when joining in the joint unit 190. Judgment may be made in consideration of whether the protruding portion is reduced or eliminated.
- the conveyance control unit 118 includes a loader driving unit 318.
- the loader driving unit 318 can drive the four loaders 132, 134, and 136 to transport the substrate 121 and the substrate holder 150, and leave the processing to the transport destination. Therefore, the determination unit 116 can generate a command corresponding to the determination result toward the transport control unit 118 and can select processing for the substrate 121.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the execution procedure of the determination process of the determination unit 116 in the overall control unit 110.
- the determination unit 116 evaluates the detection result acquired from the detection unit 114 (step S101), and checks whether there is a protruding portion on the surface of the substrate 121 held by the substrate holder 150 (step S102). ).
- step S102 determines that the surface of the substrate 121 is flat and smooth, and the substrate bonding apparatus 100 performs the process. Superimposition on the substrate 121 is started.
- step S102 determines whether the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is formed by an adherent attached to the substrate 121 (step S102).
- step S103: YES it is determined whether the substrate 121 itself is formed by deformation or the like (step S103: NO).
- step S103 when it is determined that the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is not formed by the deposit (step S103: NO), the determination unit 116 determines that the detected uneven state is caused by deformation of the substrate itself. In this state, it is determined whether or not the superimposing unit 170 can execute alignment (step S109).
- step S109 when the overlapping unit 170 determines that the alignment cannot be performed (step S109: NO), the processing for the substrate 121 is ended. On the other hand, if the determination unit 116 determines that the alignment for overlaying can be executed (step S109: YES), the determination unit 116 proceeds to step S110.
- step S103 when it is determined that the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is formed by the deposit (step S103: YES), the determination unit 116 determines whether it is unnecessary to clean the substrate 121 and remove the deposit. Is determined (step S104). If it is determined in step S104 that cleaning of the substrate 121 is unnecessary (step S104: YES), the determination unit 116 proceeds to step S110 without cleaning the substrate 121.
- step S110 the yield in the multilayer substrate 123 is predicted.
- the yield can be predicted, for example, as follows. First, based on the concavo-convex state of the substrate 121 detected by the detection unit 114, the position and width of a region that is expected not to be in close contact with the paired substrate 121 when the substrate 121 is bonded are calculated. Next, by counting the number of elements included in the calculated region, the yield of the finally obtained semiconductor device can be predicted.
- step S110: YES when it is determined that the yield of the multilayer substrate 123 reaches a predetermined target value (step S110: YES), the determination unit 116 executes a series of processes from superposition to bonding of the substrate 121. On the other hand, when it is determined that the yield does not reach the target value (step S110: NO), the determination unit 116 ends the process on the substrate 121 without being used for superposition and bonding. Substrates 121 determined not to be suitable for bonding may be stored in one of the FOUPs 120 to be discarded together, as in step S107: NO described later. As described above, by removing the substrate 121 that is predicted to be unable to be aligned in the overlapping unit 170 before overlapping, it is possible to prevent the throughput of the substrate bonding apparatus 100 from being lowered.
- step S110 it may be determined whether or not the yield reaches a predetermined target value by further considering whether or not the uneven state of the substrate 121 is improved by the superposition.
- the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the uneven state of the substrate 121 is improved by the force of several N to several ten N applied to the substrate 121 when the substrate 121 is superimposed by the overlapping unit 170, for example. to decide.
- the protruding portion is not a deposit, whether or not one substrate 121 is deformed so that the unevenness generated on at least one of the substrates 121 approaches a flatness due to the force at the time of overlapping, or at least one of the substrates It is determined whether or not one substrate 121 is deformed so that the unevenness generated on the substrate 121 is complementary to the other substrate 121.
- the protruding portion is an adhering substance, as will be described later, the adhering substance is crushed by the force at the time of superposition based on the shape, size, material, etc. of the adhering substance. It is determined whether or not the amount of protrusion of the deposit is smaller than a predetermined value.
- the determination unit 116 determines whether the yield can be achieved on the premise that the uneven state is improved by the superposition.
- the substrates 121 are overlapped, it may be confirmed that the uneven state of the substrate 121 is improved by monitoring the sound generated by the substrate 121, the distribution of pressure applied to the substrate 121, and the like.
- the change in the uneven state of the substrate 121 due to the superposition can be predicted by the shape, height, number, position, etc. of the protruding portion detected from the substrate 121.
- the shape of the protruding portion is symmetric or gentle, it is predicted that the protruding portion will be flattened due to deformation due to the load applied to the substrate by superposition.
- the height of the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is low, it is expected that the uneven state is improved by the load applied by the overlapping.
- step S110 described above it may be determined whether or not the yield reaches a predetermined target value by further considering whether or not the uneven state of the substrate 121 is improved by bonding at the bonding portion 190.
- the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the uneven state of the substrate 121 is improved by a force of ten tons or more that reduces the substrate in accordance with the bonding by the bonding unit 190.
- the determination unit 116 determines whether the yield can be achieved on the assumption that the uneven state is improved by the bonding.
- a change in the uneven state of the substrate 121 due to bonding can be predicted based on the shape, height, and the like of the protruding portion of the substrate 121, similarly to the change in the uneven state of the substrate 121 due to the overlay.
- the determination portion 116 determines whether or not the time required for the improvement exceeds a predetermined time. If it is determined, a series of processing from superposition to joining may be executed without improvement.
- step S104 When it is determined in step S104 that the substrate 121 needs to be cleaned (step S104: NO), the determination unit 116 instructs the substrate 121 to be cleaned (step S105). Further, the determination unit 116 counts how many times the substrate 121 that has been instructed to be cleaned has already been cleaned (step S106). Further, the determination unit 116 checks that the number of cleanings recorded for each substrate 121 has not reached a predetermined threshold value (step S107).
- step S107 If the number of times of the cleaning process for the substrate 121 has not yet reached the threshold (step S107: YES), the determination unit 116 performs the cleaning process on the substrate 121 and tries to remove the deposit (step S108). Further, after the detection unit 114 is caused to detect the uneven state of the substrate 121 that has been cleaned again, the determination unit 116 executes the process again from the evaluation of the detection result (step S101). Therefore, the substrate 121 is repeatedly cleaned within the range of the threshold number of times until the deposit is removed by cleaning.
- a blow process of blowing dry air or an inert gas onto the surface of the substrate 121 may be used.
- the first cleaning may be a blow process
- the second and subsequent cleanings may be performed with a cleaning liquid.
- the type of cleaning liquid may be changed each time cleaning is repeated.
- the substrate 121 may be carried out of the substrate bonding apparatus 100 and subjected to a cleaning process.
- a plurality of substrates 121 to be cleaned may be accumulated in the FOUP 120 or the like and cleaned at a later time.
- step S107 when it is found that the number of times of the cleaning process for the substrate 121 has already reached the threshold (step S107: NO), the determination unit 116 removes the adhering matter even if the cleaning for the substrate 121 is repeated further. Therefore, it is determined that the possibility that the state of the substrate 121 is improved is low. Therefore, the determination unit 116 ends the process for the substrate 121.
- the substrate 121 that has been processed by the determination unit 116 may be stored in one of the FOUPs 120, for example.
- the detected concavo-convex state is recorded for each of the substrates 121 that have been processed, and when a combination of the substrates 121 having concavo-convex states complementary to each other occurs, an attempt is made to combine such substrates 121 together. May be.
- the series of determination procedures by the determination unit 116 is performed on the substrate 121 held by the substrate holder 150.
- the detection unit 114 detects the uneven state of the substrate 121 even before the substrate 121 is held by the substrate holder 150, and when the substrate 121 is held by the substrate holder 150.
- the uneven state of the substrate 121 may be predicted.
- the substrate 121 having extremely large irregularities can be removed in advance, and the adsorption failure of the substrate 121 by the substrate holder 150 can be prevented in advance.
- the focus of the microscope when observing the surface of the substrate 121 held by the substrate holder 150 is increased, and the processing speed of the detection unit 114 is increased. Can be improved.
- a large uneven state over the entire substrate 121 such as warpage of the substrate 121, may be added to the determination material.
- Such a large uneven state in the range can be grasped by acquiring information detected in a previous process such as polishing of the substrate 121, for example.
- the determination unit 116 may make a determination on the uneven state extending over the entire substrate 121 in consideration of the improvement of the state by superposition and bonding.
- the surface pressure distribution in the contact state is detected by bringing the substrate 121 into contact with another substrate 121 to be bonded. Also good. Further, the surface property may be detected by the friction of the substrate 121 by sliding the substrate 121 in a contact state. Furthermore, even if the collision sound generated when the substrate 121 is brought into contact with the sound, and the sound generated when the substrate 121 is deformed by applying force to the substrate 121 are detected, the uneven state and the improvement of the uneven state of the substrate 121 are detected. Good.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of a detailed control procedure of the determination unit 116 in steps S104 and S109.
- the determination unit 116 determines whether the size of the protruding portion is within an allowable range based on the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detection unit 114 (step S ⁇ b> 201).
- the allowable range of the size is set, for example, to a range in which the alignment mark at the protruding portion falls within the depth of field in the autofocus function of the microscopes 231 and 251.
- the allowable range of the size is set, for example, to a range in which the residual in the global alignment falls within the threshold even if the alignment mark is displaced from the design position by the protruding portion.
- the determination unit 116 compares the threshold value set in advance with the size of the protruding portion.
- the overlapping unit 170 can align the substrate 121.
- Step S109: YES the size of the protruding portion can be calculated based on the image obtained when the surface of the substrate 121 is observed with a microscope and the magnification of the microscope, the depth of field of the microscope. The determination can also be made based on whether or not a preset threshold value is exceeded depending on the automatic focusing range or the like.
- the determination unit 116 checks whether the number of protruding portions is within the allowable range from the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detecting unit 114, for example. (Step S202).
- the allowable range of the number is set to a range in which the residual in the global alignment falls within the threshold even if the alignment mark is displaced from the design position by the number of protruding portions.
- the determination unit 116 determines that the overlay unit 170 can align the substrate 121 regardless of the determination in step S201 (step S202: YES). .
- the number of deposits on the substrate 121 can be calculated by image processing on the observation image in addition to the method of actually counting in the observation image.
- the determination unit 116 determines, for example, that the position of the protruding portion is in the allowable area from the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detecting unit 114. It is checked whether or not to perform (step S203). An example of an acceptable area is on the scribe line 122.
- step S109 YES
- the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 can no longer align the substrate 121 that is the object of determination ( Step S109: NO). As described above, the determination unit 116 may determine that the alignment can be performed if the uneven state of the substrate 121 satisfies any one of the conditions.
- the concavo-convex state detected for each of the substrates 121 determined to be unsuitable for bonding is recorded in association with identification information such as a barcode provided for each substrate 121, and according to the concavo-convex state of the substrate 121. You may determine the group of bonding.
- the substrate 121 to be bonded may be, for example, a combination of the substrates 121 having complementary concavo-convex states, or a combination of the substrates 121 having protruding portions or the like at the same position.
- the flatness of the bumps may be improved by polishing or the like, and another bonding may be attempted. Furthermore, information on the substrate 121 determined to be unable to be bonded can be accumulated and reflected in the improvement of the process before being carried into the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing another example of the detailed control procedure of the determination unit 116 in steps S104 and S109. Again, the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the size of the protruding portion is within an allowable range for the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detection unit 114 in steps S104 and S109 (step S301).
- the determination unit 116 checks whether the size of the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is within an allowable range. If the size of the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is outside the allowable range, the determination unit 116 immediately determines that the overlapping unit 170 cannot align with the substrate 121 that is the object of determination. (Step S109: NO).
- step S301 when the size of the protruding portion is within the allowable range (step S301: YES), the determination unit 116 determines whether the number of protruding portions is within the allowable range based on the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detecting unit 114. (Step 302).
- the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 can perform alignment for the substrate 121 (step S109: YES).
- step S302 determines, for example, that the position of the protruding portion is allowable based on the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detecting unit 114. It is checked whether or not it is included in the area (step S303). When the protruding portion is located in the allowable area, the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 can align the substrate 121 (step S109: YES).
- the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 can no longer align the substrate 121 that is the object of determination ( Step S109: NO). As described above, the determination unit 116 may determine that the position alignment can be performed immediately for some conditions and by combining a plurality of conditions for other conditions.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing still another example of the detailed control procedure of the determination unit 116 in steps S104 and S109. Again, the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the size of the protruding portion is within an allowable range for the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detection unit 114 in steps S104 and S109 (step S401).
- step S401: NO When the size of the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is outside the allowable range (step S401: NO), the determining unit 116 causes the overlapping unit 170 to align with the substrate 121 to be determined. It is immediately determined that it cannot be performed (step S109: NO). On the other hand, when the size of the protruding portion is within the allowable range (step S401: YES), the determination unit 116 determines whether the number of protruding portions is within the allowable range from the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detecting unit 114. Check (step 402).
- step S402 determines that the overlapping unit 170 cannot align the substrate 121 (step S109: NO).
- step S401: YES the determination unit 116 checks whether or not the position of the protruding portion is in the allowable region from the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detecting unit 114 ( Step 403).
- the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 can align the substrate 121 (step S109: YES). However, if the position of the protruding portion is located outside the allowable region in step S403, the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 cannot align the substrate 121 (step S109: NO). As described above, the determination unit 116 may determine that the alignment can be performed when one of the conditions is outside the allowable range.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing still another example of the detailed control procedure of the determination unit 116 in steps S104 and S109. Again, the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the size of the protruding portion is within an allowable range for the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detection unit 114 in steps S104 and S109 (step S501).
- step S501: YES When the size of the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is within the allowable range (step S501: YES), the determining unit 116 aligns the overlapping unit 170 with the substrate 121 to be determined. Immediately determined that it is possible (step S109: YES). On the other hand, when the size of the protruding portion is outside the allowable range (step S501: NO), the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the number of protruding portions is within the allowable range based on the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detecting unit 114. (Step 502).
- step S502 When the number of protruding portions is within the allowable range (step S502: YES), the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the position of the protruding portion is within the allowable region from the information regarding the uneven state acquired from the detection unit 114. Check (step 503). If the number of protruding portions is outside the allowable range (step S502: NO), the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 cannot align the substrate 121 (step S109: NO).
- the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 can align the substrate 121 (step S109: YES). However, if the position of the protruding portion is located outside the allowable region in step S503, the determination unit 116 determines that the overlapping unit 170 cannot align the substrate 121 (step S109: NO). As described above, the determination unit 116 may determine that the substrate 121 can be aligned when one of the conditions is within the allowable range.
- the determination unit 116 may make a determination with reference to more unevenness information.
- unevenness information for example, the determination unit 116 may determine by referring to other conditions other than the size, number, and position of the protruding portions. Further, unevenness information may be obtained by detecting variations in the height of bumps formed on the surface of the substrate 121, deposits attached to the surface of the substrate 121, and the like.
- the determination unit 116 determines the bump top Whether or not the substrate 121 can be bonded may be determined according to the bump flatness determined by the height of the surface.
- the flatness of the substrate 121 is not limited, and even when the substrate 121 is uneven due to the uneven thickness of the substrate 121, the determination unit 116 makes a determination based on the bump flatness.
- the bump flatness can be measured using, for example, a confocal microscope, a three-dimensional shape measuring instrument, or the like.
- step S110: NO when it is determined that the yield cannot be achieved (step S110: NO), when it is determined that the yield cannot be improved by the overlay, and it is determined that the yield is not improved by the bonding.
- the determination unit 116 issues a command to the transfer control unit 118 to remove the substrate 121 from the bonding process.
- the substrate 121 removed from the bonding process may be searched for other combinations that increase the yield by bonding in consideration of the flatness of the detected bumps of the substrate 121. Further, it may be attempted to improve the flatness of the bumps by repolishing or the like. Further, instead of abandoning the bonding of the substrate 121 itself removed from the bonding process, the process conditions such as bump formation and polishing of the other substrate 121 may be adjusted in consideration of the flatness detected for the substrate 121. .
- step S103 when the detection unit 114 detects an attachment attached to the surface of the substrate 121 as the unevenness information of the substrate 121, the determination unit 116 determines the material (composition), size, etc. of the attachment in step S110. Yield may be predicted based on this.
- the material of the deposit can be estimated by observing the color, reflectance, transmittance, shape, etc. of the deposit under illumination with visible light or infrared light.
- the determination unit 116 can determine the hardness (Young's modulus) of the deposit, the presence or absence of outgas generation, and the like. Furthermore, if the physical properties of the deposits are estimated, it is possible to predict a decrease in the yield of the stacked semiconductor device caused by the deposits, which occurs when the substrate 121 is bonded with the deposits remaining.
- the yield decrease due to the deposit becomes larger. Even if the deposit has a low Young's modulus and is likely to be deformed by the pressure of bonding, if the size of the deposit is large, the yield reduction due to the deposit cannot be ignored. Furthermore, even if the bonding can be performed by pressurization by bonding, if outgas is generated from the deposit, the substrate 121 may be chemically altered, which may affect the yield due to the deposit.
- metals such as ceramic materials, such as SiC, stainless steel materials, such as SUS304, aluminum materials, such as YH75, PEEK (polyether ether ketone), etc.
- ceramic materials such as SiC
- stainless steel materials such as SUS304
- aluminum materials such as YH75
- fine particles of a resin typified by a heat resistant resin. Table 1 below illustrates these physical properties.
- the materials of the deposits that can adhere to the substrate 121 in the substrate bonding apparatus 100 have their own physical characteristics. Therefore, the influence on the bonding yield of the substrate 121 can be estimated according to the detected composition of the deposit.
- the allowable particle size means the particle size of the deposit that is estimated that the yield of the final product is within the allowable range even when the substrate 121 is bonded with the deposit remaining. Therefore, for example, when the bonding conditions for heating the substrate 121 are set, the allowable particle diameter may change depending on the bonding temperature.
- step S110: NO when there is no expectation of yield (step S110: NO), when there is no expectation of improvement due to superposition, when there is no expectation of improvement due to joining
- the substrate is removed from the bonding process.
- the removed substrate may be joined again through a process such as cleaning.
- attachment may be estimated and the cleaning or maintenance of the board
- step S109 the case where the determining unit 116 determines whether or not the overlapping unit 170 can align the substrate 121 has been described.
- the control procedure as described above can also be applied when the determination unit 116 determines the yield of the laminated substrate 123 manufactured by bonding the substrates 121 in the substrate bonding apparatus 100 (step S110).
- the processing of the determination unit 116 for one substrate 121 has been described sequentially. However, in the substrate bonding apparatus 100, a plurality of substrates 121 exceeding three are processed in parallel. Therefore, the processing in the determination unit 116 is also performed in parallel on the plurality of substrates 121.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing another execution procedure of the determination process of the determination unit 116 in the overall control unit 110.
- the determination unit 116 first evaluates the detection result acquired from the detection unit 114 (step S601), and determines whether or not a protruding portion can be detected on the surface of the substrate 121 held by the substrate holder 150. This is checked (step S602).
- step S602 the determination unit 116 determines the presence or absence of a protruding portion on the surface of the substrate 121 based on the size, number, position, and the like of the protruding portion, as in step S102 of the procedure illustrated in FIG.
- step S602 NO
- the determination unit 116 determines that the surface of the substrate 121 is flat and smooth, and superimposes the substrate 121 on the substrate bonding apparatus 100. To start.
- step S602 If a protruding portion is detected on the surface of the substrate 121 in step S602 (step S602: YES), the determination unit 116 replaces the substrate holder 150 holding the substrate 121 with another substrate holder 150 (step S603). Further, the determination unit 116 evaluates the substrate 121 held by the other substrate holder 150 again (step S604), and re-detects the protruding portion (step S605).
- step S605 If no protruding portion is detected on the surface of the substrate 121 held by the other substrate holder 150 in step S605 (step S605: NO), the protruding portion of the substrate 121 that is below the detection threshold is the substrate holder before replacement. It is estimated that it was due to the 150 surface properties. Therefore, the determination unit 116 starts superposition by the substrate bonding apparatus 100 on the flat substrate 121.
- the surface property of the substrate holder 150 includes not only the flatness of the suction surface of the substrate holder 150 but also the undulation of the surface that occurs when a deposit is attached to the suction surface of the substrate holder 150.
- step S605 If a protruding portion is detected on the surface of the substrate 121 in step S605 (step S602: YES), the protruding portion of the substrate 121 does not fall below the detection threshold even when the substrate holder 150 is replaced. It is determined that the cause is the substrate 121 itself, such as uneven thickness of the substrate 121 itself. Therefore, the determination unit 116 executes the procedure after step S103 in the procedure shown in FIG. 13 for the substrate 121 held by the replaced substrate holder 150.
- the determination unit 116 first determines whether the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is formed by the adhered matter attached to the substrate 121 (step S103: YES), or is formed by deformation of the substrate 121 itself (step S103: NO) is determined. When it is determined that the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is formed by the deposit (step S103: YES), the determination unit 116 determines whether or not cleaning is necessary (step S104). S104: YES), the substrate 121 is aligned and bonded while leaving the deposit.
- step S104 When it is determined in step S104 that the substrate 121 needs to be cleaned (step S104: NO), the determination unit 116 instructs the cleaning of the substrate 121 (step S105), and then counts the number of cleaning times (step S106). After checking that the number of times of cleaning has not reached a given threshold value (step S107), a cleaning process is executed (step S108). If the number of times of cleaning has already exceeded a given threshold (step S107: NO), the processing for the substrate 121 is terminated.
- step S103 when it is determined that the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is not attached (step S103: NO), the determination unit 116 determines whether or not the overlapping unit 170 can complete the alignment in this state (step S103: NO). Step S109). If it is determined that the alignment cannot be completed (step S109: NO), the determination unit ends the process for the substrate 121.
- step S109 When it is determined in step S109 that the alignment can be performed (step S109: YES), the determination unit 116 predicts the yield of the semiconductor device or the like obtained from the laminated substrate 123 when the superposition and bonding following the alignment are executed. (Step S110). In this prediction, when it is predicted that the yield can be achieved, the determination unit 116 starts superimposing the substrates 121 (step S110: YES).
- the determination unit 116 may predict whether the yield can be achieved by devising the step of superimposing the substrates. In this prediction, when it is predicted that the yield can be achieved, the determination unit 116 changes the determination with respect to the substrate 121 to allow the yield to be achieved, and starts superimposing the substrates 121 (step S110: YES).
- the determination unit 116 may predict whether the yield can be achieved by pressurization at the stage of stacking the substrates. In this prediction, when it is predicted that the yield can be achieved, the determination unit 116 changes the determination with respect to the substrate 121 to allow the yield to be achieved, and starts superimposing the substrates 121 (step S110: YES).
- the protruding portion of the substrate 121 due to the properties of the substrate holder 150 can be discriminated, and the yield reduction of the substrate 121 due to the generation of the protruding portion can be suppressed. Even if it is determined that there is a protruding portion on the substrate 121 itself, a decrease in the yield of the substrate 121 can be suppressed by making various determinations on the substrate 121. As described above, in the case of step S109: NO and step S107: NO, the substrate 121 determined to be unsuitable for bonding is removed from the bonding line.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure for handling the substrate holder 150 removed from the substrate 121 for replacement in step S603.
- the substrate holder removed from the substrate 121 is first inspected by the detection unit 114 for a protruding portion on the holding surface that holds the substrate 121.
- the determination unit 116 evaluates the detection result by the detection unit 114 in the same manner as the surface of the substrate 121 (step S702). Thereby, the determination part 116 detects the presence or absence of the protrusion part in the holding surface of the board
- step S703 If a protruding portion is detected on the holding surface in step S703 (step S703: YES), the determination unit 116 subsequently checks whether or not the detected protruding portion is due to an attached substance (step S704). When it is determined that the protruding portion of the substrate holder is not due to the deposit (step S704: NO), the determination unit 116 determines that the protruding portion is caused by the deformation of the substrate holder 150 itself, and maintains it for the purpose of maintenance. The substrate holder 150 is unloaded from the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- step S704 If it is determined in step S704 that the protruding portion of the substrate holder 150 has been formed by the deposit (step S704: YES), the determination unit 116 generates an instruction to clean the substrate holder 150 (step S705). .
- the determination unit counts the number of times the cleaning process is performed on the substrate holder 150 (step S706), and checks whether the counted number of times of cleaning does not exceed a predetermined threshold (step S707).
- step S707 when the number of times of cleaning the substrate holder 150 has reached the threshold (step S707: NO), the determination unit 116 determines that the deposit on the substrate holder 150 is not removed by the cleaning. The substrate holder 150 is unloaded from the substrate bonding apparatus 100 for the purpose of maintenance.
- step S707 when the number of times of cleaning the substrate holder 150 has not reached the threshold value (step S707: YES), the determination unit 116 executes a cleaning process of the substrate holder 150 (step S708) and after cleaning. Then, a series of processes starting again with the evaluation of the adhered surface (step S710) is executed. Thereby, when the deposits are removed by the cleaning process, the substrate holder 150 is returned to the holder stocker 180 of the substrate bonding apparatus 100 and used again for bonding the substrates 121.
- the cause of the projecting portion formed on the substrate 121 is separated from the case of the substrate holder 150 and the case of the substrate 121. By replacing 150, the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is quickly eliminated.
- the cause of the protruding portion of the substrate 121 is the substrate 121 itself, a condition for performing the bonding while the protruding portion is present is sought to suppress a decrease in yield in the substrate bonding apparatus 100.
- the evaluation of the substrate holder 150 and the cleaning by the blow process can be performed using, for example, the pre-aligner 140 in the substrate bonding apparatus 100. Further, the substrate holder 150 that has been removed from the line due to the replacement may be temporarily accumulated in the substrate bonding apparatus 100 and maintained and maintained by batch processing outside the substrate bonding apparatus 100. At the time of maintenance, for example, the holding surface of the substrate holder 150 is polished to flatten the holding surface.
- 100 substrate bonding apparatus 102 normal temperature section, 104 high temperature section, 106 cover, 108 heat insulation wall, 110 comprehensive control section, 112 overlay control section, 114 detection section, 116 determination section, 118 transport control section, 120 FOUP, 121 substrate 122 scribe line, 123 laminated substrate, 124 notch, 126 element region, 128 alignment mark, 132, 134, 136 loader, 140 pre-aligner, 150 substrate holder, 152 permanent magnet, 154 magnetic plate, 156 mounting surface, 158, 252 electrostatic chuck, 170 superposed part, 180 holder stocker, 190 joint part, 191 load lock, 192 casing, 193, 195 shutter, 194 indented part, 196 heat plate, 198 surface plate, 19 Carry-in entrance, 210 frame body, 212 wall material, 220 holding section, 222 interferometer, 224 reflecting mirror, 226 imaging section, 230 fine movement stage, 231 and 251 microscope, 240 moving stage section, 241 guide rail, 242 moving surface plate,
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Abstract
Description
[特許文献1]特開2005-251972号公報
Claims (64)
- 第1基板と第2基板とを互いに貼り合せる基板貼り合わせ装置であって、
互いに位置合わせして重ね合わされた前記第1基板と前記第2基板とを互いに接合する接合部と、
前記接合部による接合の前に、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方の凹凸状態を検出する検出部と、
前記検出部により検出された前記凹凸状態が所定の条件を満たすか否かを判断する判断部と、
を備え、
前記接合部は、前記凹凸状態が所定の条件を満たさないと前記判断部により判断された場合、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の接合を行わないことを特徴とする基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記判断部は、前記凹凸状態に基づいて前記第1基板および前記第2基板の接合の可否を判断する請求項1に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記第1基板の接合される面の前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1または2に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記第1基板の変形に起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記第1基板に付着した付着物に起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記第1基板の表面に配されたバンプの高さのばらつきに起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記第1基板の厚さむらに起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記第1基板の接合に関与する面に存在する突出部分を検出する請求項1から7までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記突出部分の高さを検出する請求項8に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記突出部分の広さを検出する請求項8または9に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記突出部分の突出方向を検出する請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記判断部は、前記突出部分の材料に基づいて接合の可否を判断する請求項8から11のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板を互いに重ね合わせたときに前記第1基板にかかる荷重の分布に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記第1基板を観察する光学系を更に備え、
前記検出部は、前記第1基板に対する光学系の合焦状態に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記検出部は、前記第1基板を撮影した映像に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記第1基板を保持する保持部材を更に備え、
前記検出部は、前記保持部材への前記第1基板の保持状態における前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記保持部材は、静電力により前記第1基板を吸着して保持し、
前記検出部は、前記第1基板を流れる電流量に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項16に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記保持部材は、前記第1基板を吸着して保持し、
前記検出部は、前記第1基板に印加した交流電圧のインピーダンスに基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項16に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記保持部材は、負圧により前記第1基板を吸着して保持し、
前記検出部は、前記保持部材における前記負圧の変動に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項16に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記検出部は、前記第1基板に生じた前記凹凸状態が前記保持部材に起因するか否かを検出する請求項16に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記第1基板および前記第2基板をそれぞれ前記接合部に搬送する搬送部を備え、
前記検出部は、前記基板が前記接合部に搬入される前に前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から請求項20までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記第1基板および前記第2基板を互いに位置合わせする前にそれぞれの位置を検出するプリアライメント部を備え、
前記検出部は、前記プリアライメント部において前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から請求項21までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記第1基板および前記第2基板を重ね合わせる重ね合わせ部を備え、
前記検出部は、前記重ね合わせ部が前記第1基板および前記第2基板を重ね合わせたときに、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の接合面内に生じる圧力分布に基づいて前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方の前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から請求項22までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。 - 前記検出部は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板が互いに重ね合わされた後であって前記接合部において接合される前に、前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項1から請求項23までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記判断部は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板を接合した場合の歩留りに基づいて、接合の可否を判断する請求項1から請求項24までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記判断部は、前記検出部により検出された前記凹凸状態に基づいて、前記第1基板および前記第2基板を接合したときの接着領域および非接着領域の少なくとも一方の大きさおよび位置の少なくとも一方を算出し、これに基づいて前記歩留りを算出する請求項25に記載の基板貼り合せ装置。
- 前記判断部は、前記接合部における接合時に生じる前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方の変形を見越して判断する請求項1から請求項26までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記判断部は、前記検出部が前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方に付着した付着物を検出した場合、前記付着物を除去すべきか否かを判断する請求項1から27のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合せ装置。
- 前記検出部は、前記判断部が除去すべきと判断した前記付着物を除去した後、改めて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項28に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 前記判断部は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方において、前記付着物の検出と前記除去を繰り返した回数が所定の閾値を越えた場合に、前記一方の基板を接合することができないと判断する請求項29に記載の基板貼り合わせ装置。
- 第1基板と第2基板とを互いに貼り合せる基板貼り合わせ方法であって、
前記第1基板および前記第2基板を互いに位置合わせして重ね合わせる位置合わせ工程と、
前記位置合わせされた前記第1基板と前記第2基板とを互いに接合する接合工程と、
前記接合工程の前に、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方の凹凸状態を検出する検出工程と、
前記検出工程により検出された前記凹凸状態が所定の条件を満たすか否かを判断する判断工程と、
を含み、
前記凹凸状態が所定の条件を満たさないと前記判断工程で判断された場合、前記接合工程を行わないことを特徴とする基板貼り合せ方法。 - 前記判断工程は、前記接合工程での前記第1基板および前記第2基板の接合の可否を判断する請求項31に記載の基板貼り合せ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板の接合される面の前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31または32に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板の変形に起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から33のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板に付着した付着物に起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から33のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板の表面に配されたバンプの高さのばらつきに起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から33のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板の厚さむらに起因する前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から33のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板の接合に関与する面に存在する突出部分を検出する請求項31から37までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記突出部分の高さを検出する請求項38に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記突出部分の広さを検出する請求項38または請求項39に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記突出部分の突出方向を検出する請求項38から40のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記判断工程は、前記突出部分の材料に基づいて接合の可否を判断する請求項38から41のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板を互いに重ね合わせたときに前記第1基板にかかる荷重の分布に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から42のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記第1基板を観察する観察工程を含み、
前記検出工程は、前記第1基板に対する光学系の合焦状態に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から43のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板を撮影した映像に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から44のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板を保持する保持部材への前記第1基板の保持状態における前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から45のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記保持部材に静電力により吸着して保持された前記第1基板を流れる電流量に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項46に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板に印加した交流電圧のインピーダンスに基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項46に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、負圧により前記第1基板を吸着して保持する前記保持部材における前記負圧の変動に基づいて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項46に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板に生じた前記凹凸状態が前記保持部材に起因するか否かを検出する請求項46に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記接合工程を行う接合部に前記第1基板および前記第2基板をそれぞれ搬送する搬送工程を備え、
前記検出工程は、前記基板が前記接合部に搬入される前に前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から請求項50までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記第1基板および前記第2基板を互いに位置合わせする前にそれぞれの位置を検出するプリアライメント工程を含み、
前記検出工程は、前記プリアライメント工程において前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から請求項51までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。 - 前前記第1基板および前記第2基板を重ね合わせる重ね合わせ工程を備え、前記検出工程は、前記重ね合わせ工程が前記第1基板および前記第2基板を重ね合わせたときに、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の接合面内に生じる圧力分布に基づいて前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方の前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から請求項52までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板が互いに重ね合わされた後であって、前記接合工程において接合される前に、前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項31から請求項47までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記判断工程は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板を接合した場合の歩留りに基づいて、接合の可否を判断する請求項31から請求項48までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記判断工程は、前記検出工程により検出された前記凹凸状態に基づいて、前記第1基板および前記第2基板を接合したときの接着領域および非接着領域の少なくとも一方大きさおよび位置の少なくとも一方を算出し、これに基づいて前記歩留りを算出する請求項55に記載の基板貼り合せ方法。
- 前記判断工程は、前記接合工程における接合時に生じる前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方の変形を見越して判断する請求項31から請求項56までのいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記判断工程は、前記検出工程が前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方に付着した付着物を検出した場合、前記付着物を除去すべきか否かを判断する請求項31から57のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合せ方法。
- 前記検出工程は、前記判断工程において除去すべきと判断された前記付着物を除去した後、改めて前記凹凸状態を検出する請求項58に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記判断工程は、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方において、前記付着物の検出と前記除去を繰り返した回数が所定の閾値を越えた場合に、前記一方の基板を接合することができないと判断する請求項59に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方が接合不可であると前記判断工程で判断された場合に、前記一方の基板をFOUPに搬送する搬送工程を含む請求項31から60のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方が接合不可であると前記判断工程で判断された場合に、前記一方の基板と接合可能な他の基板とを組み合わせる工程を含む請求項31から61のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方が接合不可であると前記判断工程で判断された場合に、前記一方の基板に設けられたバンプの高さを修正する工程を含む請求項31から62のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
- 前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一方が接合不可であると前記判断工程で判断された場合に、前記一方の基板のデータに基づいて、基板を形成するためのプロセス条件を調整する工程を含む請求項31から63のいずれか一項に記載の基板貼り合わせ方法。
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US14/497,424 US20150083786A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2014-09-26 | Substrate Bonding Apparatus and Substrate Bonding Method |
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WO2017168534A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-05 | 株式会社ニコン | 基板貼り合わせ装置および基板貼り合わせ方法 |
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JP7012538B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-11 | 2022-01-28 | 株式会社ディスコ | ウエーハの評価方法 |
JP2020119983A (ja) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-08-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体素子接合装置、及び半導体素子接合方法 |
JP7390794B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-27 | 2023-12-04 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 基板処理装置及び接合方法 |
EP3967438A4 (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2023-02-08 | Tokyo Electron Limited | CONNECTION DEVICE, CONNECTION SYSTEM AND CONNECTION METHOD |
KR20220160553A (ko) * | 2020-03-29 | 2022-12-06 | 쿨리케 앤드 소파 인더스트리즈, 인코포레이티드 | 와이어 본딩 머신 상의 지지 구조에 대한 반도체 소자의 클램핑 최적화 방법, 및 관련된 방법 |
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EP4343827A1 (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-27 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Method and apparatus for bonding substrates |
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Also Published As
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TWI595610B (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
US20150083786A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
KR20140139044A (ko) | 2014-12-04 |
KR20200018709A (ko) | 2020-02-19 |
TW201351576A (zh) | 2013-12-16 |
US20200335472A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
JPWO2013145622A1 (ja) | 2015-12-10 |
KR20200128205A (ko) | 2020-11-11 |
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