WO2013093712A1

WO2013093712A1 - Wake-up system

Info

Publication number: WO2013093712A1
Application number: PCT/IB2012/057168
Authority: WO
Inventors: Juergen Vogt; Jan Martijn Krans; Igor Berezhnyy
Original assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Current assignee: Koninklijke Philips NV
Priority date: 2011-12-22
Filing date: 2012-12-11
Publication date: 2013-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 2014-06-22

Abstract

The invention provides for wake up system (400, 500) comprising an alarm (406) for generating a stimulus for waking a subject (402). The wake up system further comprises a subject measurement system (408) for measuring a physical parameter of the subject. The wake up system further comprises a processor (416) for controlling the wake up system. The wake up system further comprises a memory (416) containing machine executable instructions which cause the processor to: generate (100, 200, 300) the stimulus using the alarm; measure (102, 202, 302) the physical parameter after generating the stimulus; determine (104, 210, 310) a subject response (434) comprises an involuntary response time (432) calculated using the physical parameter; determine (106, 212, 312) a subject sleep state (436) using the subject response; and adjust (108, 214, 318) the stimulus at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state.

Description

Wake up system

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to wake up systems, in particular to a wake up system that adjusts a waking stimulus in accordance with an involuntary response time.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sleep inertia is a very well known problem and causes many people stress during their morning ritual. The effect of sleep inertia is especially severe for so called "owls," or late chromotypes, when compared to "larks," or early chormotypes. Owls tend to suffer more for three scientifically confirmed reasons. First, their circadian phase is not optimal for high performance in the morning. Second, during workdays they go to bed later and wake up earlier resulting in sleep deprivation. Recovery from sleep deprivation is known to result in an increased amount of deep sleep (SWS), which actually increases the chance of wake up from a deep sleep again. Third, their being sleepy in the morning results in snoozing until rush, stress, and being late have become inevitable.

Certainly, the most preferred and ultimate solution to this problem would be removal of the discrepancy between the preferred and obligatory sleep schedule forced by society. However such a luxury is not an option for most people.

Not being able to remove the real cause of the problem, the majority of engineering efforts have been directed into changing of its symbol - the alarm clock. In the past decade this device went through a remarkable design change. The first alarm clock was built in 15th century (Germany, Nuremberg), the first snooze alarm clock was marketed by General Electric-Telechron in 1956, the first Westclox Drowse (snooze) electric alarms were sold in 1959, which could be set for five or ten minutes snooze time. Several years ago Philips introduced the Wake Up light as an alternative to the natural dawn.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides for a wake-up system, a method of operating a wake- up system, and a computer program product in the independent claims. Embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

A disadvantage of currently available wake up systems is that they do not take into account the subjective experience and behavior of the user in response to an alarm stimulus. Embodiments of the invention may solve this and other problems by providing for a system in which a stimulus is generated by an alarm and a physical parameter of the subject is measured in response to the stimulus. The response or physical parameter is then used to infer an involuntary response time. This measurement of the response time may enable the wake up system to wake the subject at a more optimal time and/or manner.

A 'computer-readable storage medium' as used herein encompasses any tangible storage medium which may store instructions which are executable by a processor of a computing device. The computer-readable storage medium may be referred to as a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may also be referred to as a tangible computer readable medium. In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium may also be able to store data which is able to be accessed by the processor of the computing device. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: a floppy disk, punched tape, punch cards, a magnetic hard disk drive, a solid state hard disk, flash memory, a USB thumb drive, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, and the register file of the processor. Examples of optical disks include Compact Disks (CD) and Digital Versatile Disks (DVD), for example CD-ROM, CD-RW, CD-R, DVD-ROM, DVD- RW, or DVD-R disks. The term computer readable-storage medium also refers to various types of recording media capable of being accessed by the computer device via a network or communication link. For example a data may be retrieved over a modem, over the internet, or over a local area network. References to a computer-readable storage medium should be interpreted as possibly being multiple computer-readable storage mediums. Various executable components of a program or programs may be stored in different locations. The computer-readable storage medium may for instance be multiple computer-readable storage medium within the same computer system. The computer-readable storage medium may also be computer-readable storage medium distributed amongst multiple computer systems or computing devices.

'Computer memory' or 'memory' is an example of a computer-readable storage medium. Computer memory is any memory which is directly accessible to a processor. Examples of computer memory include, but are not limited to: RAM memory, registers, and register files. References to 'computer memory' or 'memory' should be interpreted as possibly being multiple memories. The memory may for instance be multiple memories within the same computer system, the memory may also be multiple memories distributed amongst multiple computer systems or computing devices.

'Computer storage' or 'storage' is an example of a computer-readable storage medium. Computer storage is any non- volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples of computer storage include, but are not limited to: a hard disk drive, a USB thumb drive, a floppy drive, a smart card, a DVD, a CD-ROM, and a solid state hard drive. In some embodiments computer storage may also be computer memory or vice versa. References to 'computer storage' or 'storage' should be interpreted as possibly being multiple storage. The storage may for instance be multiple storage devices within the same computer system or computing device. The storage may also be multiple storages distributed amongst multiple computer systems or computing devices.

A 'computer' as used herein encompasses to any device comprising a processor. A 'processor' as used herein encompasses an electronic component which is able to execute a program or machine executable instruction. References to the computing device comprising "a processor" should be interpreted as possibly containing more than one processor or processing core. The processor may for instance be a multi-core processor. A processor may also refer to a collection of processors within a single computer system or distributed amongst multiple computer systems. The term computer should also be interpreted to possibly refer to a collection or network of computers each comprising a processor or processors. Many programs have their instructions performed by multiple processors that may be within the same computer or which may even be distributed across multiple computers.

A 'user interface' as used herein is an interface which allows a user or operator to interact with a computer or computer system. A 'user interface' may also be referred to as a 'human interface device.' A user interface may provide information or data to the operator and/or receive information or data from the operator. A user interface may enable input from an operator to be received by the computer and may provide output to the user from the computer. In other words, the user interface may allow an operator to control or manipulate a computer and the interface may allow the computer indicate the effects of the operator's control or manipulation. The display of data or information on a display or a graphical user interface is an example of providing information to an operator. The receiving of data through a keyboard, mouse, trackball, touchpad, pointing stick, graphics tablet, joystick, gamepad, webcam, headset, gear sticks, steering wheel, pedals, wired glove, dance pad, remote control, one or more switches, one or more buttons, and accelerometer are all examples of user interface components which enable the receiving of information or data from an operator.

A 'hardware interface' as used herein encompasses a interface which enables the processor of a computer system to interact with and/or control an external computing device and/or apparatus. A hardware interface may allow a processor to send control signals or instructions to an external computing device and/or apparatus. A hardware interface may also enable a processor to exchange data with an external computing device and/or apparatus. Examples of a hardware interface include, but are not limited to: a universal serial bus, IEEE 1394 port, parallel port, IEEE 1284 port, serial port, RS-232 port, IEEE-488 port, Bluetooth connection, Wireless local area network connection, TCP/IP connection, Ethernet

connection, control voltage interface, MIDI interface, analog input interface, and digital input interface.

A 'display' or 'display device' as used herein encompasses an output device or a user interface adapted for displaying images or data. A display may output visual, audio, and or tactile data. Examples of a display include, but are not limited to: a computer monitor, a television screen, a touch screen, tactile electronic display, Braille screen,

Cathode ray tube (CRT), Storage tube, Bistable display, Electronic paper, Vector display, Flat panel display, Vacuum fluorescent display (VF), Light-emitting diode (LED) displays, Electroluminescent display (ELD), Plasma display panels (PDP), Liquid crystal display (LCD), Organic light-emitting diode displays (OLED), a projector, and Head-mounted display.

A 'database' as used herein encompasses a data file or repository which contains data that may be accessed by a processor. Examples of databases are, but are not limited to: a data file, a relational database, a file system folder containing data files, and a spreadsheet file.

In one aspect the invention provides for a wake-up system comprising an alarm for generating a stimulus for waking a subject. The alarm as used herein comprises a device for generating a stimulus at a particular time or over a particular duration or period. In various embodiments the stimulus may be, but is not limited to, one or more of: a sound, light, temperature, or tactile stimulus. The wake-up system further comprises a subject measurement system for measuring a physical parameter of the subject. The physical parameter may be for example, but is not limited to: a movement of the subject, a proximity of the subject, and/or a biological parameter of the subject. A biological parameter as used herein encompasses a physiological state or action performed by the subject which can be measured. The wake-up system further comprises a processor for controlling the wake-up system. The wake-up system further comprises a memory containing machine-executable instructions.

Execution of the instructions causes the processor to generate the stimulus using the alarm. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to measure the physical parameter after generating the stimulus. In other words the measurement of the physical parameter is performed in response to generating the stimulus. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a subject response using the physical parameter. The subject response comprises an involuntary response time calculated using the physical parameter. This step may include determining the involuntary response time using the physical parameter. The involuntary response time may be a metric or measurement which is used to determine or estimate the involuntary response time of the subject to the stimulus.

Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine the subject sleep state, possibly during the alarm, using the subject response. For instance, a distinction could possibly be made between light sleep and deep sleep during the alarm, based on the behavior of the user in response to the alarm stimulus. Also type and intensity of the stimulus may be taken into account for this determination. The subject sleep state as used herein is a classification of the subject response. The subject sleep state is not necessarily a mental state of the subject. However, the sleep state classification may be indicative of a particular mental state or sleep state of the subject. In summary the physical parameter is measured after generating the stimulus. A subject response is determined using the physical parameter. The subject response comprises an involuntary response time which is calculated using the physical parameter. The involuntary response time is a time. However, it may be considered a metric representative of the response time of the subject. A subject sleep state is then determined which is essentially a classification of the subject response. For instance depending upon the involuntary response time there could be bins or brackets which are used to determine a particular subject sleep state. For example, discrete subject sleep states could be determined by numerical ranges of the involuntary response time.

Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to adjust the stimulus at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state. The stimulus may be adjusted in a variety of different ways in different embodiments. For instance the stimulus could be adjusted immediately after the subject response is generated. For instance if the subject sleep state is in a deep sleep state then the subject may have the level or intensity of the stimulus increased or reduced. In other embodiments the stimulus may be delayed to a later time. In yet other embodiments the scheduling of the stimulus for subsequent days may be adjusted using the subject sleep state.

In another embodiment the level of the stimulus is lower level which is required to wake the subject.

In another embodiment the subject measurement system could be a movement measurement system. The physical parameter could be movement data descriptive of the movement of the subject.

In another embodiment the stimulus may be a physical stimulus.

In another embodiment the subject sleep state is determined using the involuntary response time.

In another embodiment the subject sleep state could be one of a set of discreet classifications.

In another embodiment the subject sleep state could be one or more numerical or discreet values used to classify the physical parameter.

In another embodiment the subject sleep state may include the measured physical parameter of the subject. The subject sleep state may also include raw or processed data acquired during monitoring of the subject.

In another embodiment the wake-up system further comprises a user interface for receiving user input. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to receive the user input after generating the stimulus. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a voluntary response time using the user input. Voluntary response time here may include the time from initial wake-up reflex until the actual alarm snoozing or stopping action by the user. The subject response comprises the voluntary response time. This embodiment may be beneficial because both a voluntary response time and an involuntary response time are used to determine sleep related information descriptive of the user during the alarm stimulus. The voluntary response time is a metric or may be considered to be a metric or measurement of the user's response in using the user input or a duration in using the user input after the generation of the stimulus. In another embodiment the stimulus may be adjusted immediately after the response or during the stimulus. Other embodiments may adjust the stimulus for a later stimulus such as a snooze function or alarm for another day.

The user interface may take a variety of forms. For instance the user interface may be a button, it may be a touch screen, it may be a microphone, and it may also be a camera or a video system. For instance the wake-up system may be able to interpret a user waving at a camera or a video system as a response to the user interface.

In another embodiment the subject measurement system is operable for acquiring a physical parameter descriptive of the subject and a second subject, for example a bed partner. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a second subject response using the physical parameter. The second subject response comprises a second involuntary response time calculated using the physical parameter. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to modify the stimulus taking into account both the first subject and second subject response which are summarized in the subject response and the second subject response.

In another embodiment the wake-up system further comprises a second user interface for receiving second user input. Execution of the instructions further cause the processor to receive a second user input after generating the stimulus. Execution of the instructions further cause the processor to determine a second voluntary response time using the second user input. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a second subject response using the second voluntary response time. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a second subject sleep state using the second subject response. The stimulus is adjusted at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state and the second subject sleep state.

In another embodiment the physical parameter is descriptive of the subject and a second subject. The wake-up system further comprises a second user interface receiving second user input. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a second subject response using the physical parameter. The second subject response comprises a second involuntary response time calculated using the physical parameter. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to receive second user input after generating the stimulus. Execution of the instructions further cause the processor to determine a second voluntary response time using the second user input. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a second subject response using the second voluntary response time. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a second subject sleep state using the second subject response. The stimulus is adjusted at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state and the second subject sleep state.

In another embodiment the user interface is operable for measuring a response metric. The user response comprises the response metric. The subject sleep state is determined at least partially using the response metric. The response metric as used herein may encompass a measure which measures the intensity or other quality of the user response to the user interface.

For example the user interface could incorporate an accelerometer or force sensor to determine the acceleration or force as the response metric or a portion of the response metric.

In other embodiments the user interface may comprise a touch screen. For instance a pattern or message could be displayed on the touch screen and the user's response to the pattern or message may be measured as the response metric. For example how accurately the subject hits the snooze button rendered on a touch screen may be a response metric. Another example of a possible response metric would be a moving snooze button on a touch screen. How accurately the subject was able to hit the moving snooze button may also be considered a response metric.

In another embodiment, if there is a second user interface a second response metric can be measured and the second subject sleep state can be at least partially determined using the second response metric.

In another embodiment the user interface is a touch screen. A touch screen may also be referred to as a touch screen display. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to display a displayed path on the touch screen. The touch screen is operable to receive a received path. The user input is a received path traced on the touch screen.

Essentially the displayed path is a path that the touch screen is displaying and using as a challenge. The received path is a path that the user actually traced with his or her finger. This embodiment may be beneficial because the tracing of a displayed path with the user's finger may provide valuable details on the mental state of the subject or may provide a measure of alertness of the subject. For instance how closely the subject is able to reproduce the displayed path may be measured. How quickly the subject is able to trace the path may also be measured.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further cause the processor to choose the displayed path from a path database. A path database as used herein encompasses a database or collection of paths which may be used to generate the displayed path.

In another embodiment the displayed path is chosen from the path database using a calendar date. The wake up system could for instance use the current calendar date to choose a particular path from the path database. In this embodiment the different paths are used on different days. Essentially the path varies from day to day. For instance the path may be made more difficult if the subject is able to easily trace the path. Also the use of a different path from day to day prevents the subject from memorizing the path. In this case the subject will need to look at the touch screen, understand it, and be awake and alert enough in order to input a received path that matches the displayed path.

In another embodiment the path database comprises paths with varying shapes. Different geometric shapes may be used to construct paths as there may also be in other embodiments to change the number of line segments and positions used to make up the varying shapes.

In another embodiment the displayed path comprises line segments.

In another embodiment the path is a directed path. A directed path as used herein encompasses a path with a preferred or defined direction. For instance the wake up system could direct the subject to trace the displayed path starting at a particular point and following a particular direction. Indicators which indicate the path direction could for instance be displayed on the touch screen. This is an additional variable which may be used to test the cognitive state of the subject.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions cause the processor to display arrows to indicate the directed path.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a reaction time and movement time using the received path. The reaction time as used herein may be determined by how long it took before the subject began to start tracing the received path. The movement time as used herein encompasses how fast the path was traced.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further causes the processor to store the reaction time and the movement time in a psychomotor function database. The psychomotor function database as used herein encompasses a database, or storage file which is used to store psychomotor function measurements. The reaction time and the movement time may be considered to be psychomotor function measurements. In another embodiment execution of the instructions further cause the processor to determine an average reaction time using the psychomotor function database. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine an average movement time during using the psychomotor function database. For instance the reaction times stored over a particular period or for a certain number of days may be used to calculate the average reaction time. The same holds true for averaging the movement time for a particular time period or a particular number of days to determine the average movement time. Execution of the instructions further cause the processor to send an alert to a computer system and/or display an alert message on the touch screen if the average reaction time is below a predetermined reaction time threshold and/or the average movement time is below a predetermined movement time threshold. Essentially in this embodiment the averages may be determined after a set number of measurements have been performed over a set number of days.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further causes the processor to continue to generate the stimulus using the alarm if the reaction time is below a predetermined wakeup reaction time and/or if the movement time is below a predetermined movement reaction time.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further causes the processor to display a new display path if the reaction time is below the predetermined wake up reaction time and/or if the movement time is below the predetermined movement reaction time. If the subject does not manage to react or trace the path quickly enough then a new path is selected.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further causes the processor to halt the generation of the stimulus using the alarm after a predetermined duration. That is to say after a predetermined amount of time the alarm turns off

automatically.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further cause the processor to display the received path on the touch screen as it is received. In other words as the subject traces the received path on the touch screen the touch screen displays it on the touch screen. This may provide a valuable feedback to the subject so the subject may see where he or she is tracing on the touch screen. This may help the subject to properly trace the received path.

In another embodiment the wake up system further comprises a mobile computing device. The touch screen is part of the mobile computing device. Various operations and components of the system may be distributed across different memories and processors. As such the mobile computing device may form part of the wake up system. The mobile computing device may be used in conjunction with the rest of the wake up system. A mobile computing devices used herein encompasses a device with a processor that is easily transported by a human. This for instance may be, but is not limited to: a tablet computer, a smart phone, a laptop, and an MP3 player.

In another embodiment the wake up system comprises a network connection for connecting the mobile computing device. A network connection as used herein encompasses a wired or hard connection such as an Ethernet, Bluetooth, internet connection WIFI, or wireless connection.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further causes the processor to log the subject sleep state in a subject sleep state database. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a suggested wake-up time using the subject sleep database. This embodiment may have the benefit of accurately predicting the subject sleep state and being able to choose or suggest a suggested wake-up time which wakes up the subject with the subject in the most alert state. The subject sleep database may be part of a wake-up system or it may be located on a remote server.

In another embodiment if there is a second user the second subject sleep state can be logged in the sleep state database also. The suggested wake-up time can be measured using sleep states from both users.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions causes the processor to generate the stimulus using the alarm automatically at the suggested wake-up time. After the suggested wake-up time may be determined then the stimulus is automatically generated at this time.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions further causes the processor to display the suggested wake-up time on a display. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to receive a wake-up time using a user input device. The user input device may in some embodiments be a user interface or second user interface.

Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to generate the stimulus using the alarm automatically at the wake-up time. In this embodiment a suggested wake-up time is calculated using the subject sleep database. The subject may then decide to use the suggested wake-up time or adjust the time to a more convenient time for the subject or user.

In another embodiment the wake-up system further comprises a sleep start time sensor. A sleep start time sensor as used herein is a device or measurement time or sensor which is able to measure a physical parameter or indicator which is indicative that the subject may have gone to sleep. This may also be an estimated sleep start time determined by the time at which the user has set the alarm before going to sleep: a user interface receiving a wakeup time may be the sleep start time sensor. The suggested wake-up time is determined at least partially using the sleep start time. This embodiment may be beneficial because the subject may not go to sleep at the same time every day. For instance if a suggested wake-up time is determined using the subject sleep database it may not be accurate if the subject goes to bed at lam when the subject normally goes to bed at 10pm.

The subject sleep database may also be used in conjunction with the sleep start time sensor to determine sleep duration. Sleep patterns on holidays, weekends, workdays, and etc. may be analyzed and treated differently. The setting of a particular wake up time by the user on a user interface may also be compared to the subject sleep database to help determine a sleep duration.

In another embodiment if there is a second subject the wake-up system could use a sleep start time sensor or a second sleep start time sensor using to measure a second sleep start time. The suggested wake -up time may then be determined by both the sleep start time and the second sleep start time.

In another embodiment the sleep start time database may be logged in the subject sleep database for further use and analysis.

In another embodiment the sleep start time sensor may be an accelerometer to measure when the subject is lying still or to measure the amount of movement of the subject.

In another embodiment the sleep start time sensor may be a light sensor to measure the time at which a room light is turned on or off.

In another embodiment the sleep start time sensor may comprise a radar or camera system to measure body movement. The radar or camera system may also measure the breathing or heart rate of the subject in bed. The sleep start time sensor may also be an EEG and/or EOG and/or EMG sensor.

In another embodiment the sleep time or suggested wake time may be determined using a duration instead of a particular time.

In another embodiment the absolute duration of sleep or wake-up time may be determined depending upon the particular start time of sleep.

In another embodiment execution of the instructions causes the processor to analyze the subject sleep state database and adjust any one of the following: the type of stimulus, the sequence of combination of stimuli, the intensity of the stimuli, snooze time between stimuli, time of a first alarm, response to a user profile, threshold to stop or snooze the stimulus, and combinations thereof. Adjusting the threshold to stop the snooze may mean that the system could adapt the threshold effort needed by the user to shut off the alarm. For instance, at first a lighter button press would be sufficient to shut it off. This could then be adjusted that it would not be sufficient anymore during the next alarm after the snooze, a few minutes later. The user would then need to press much harder. This would take more effort and may require that the user is more awake or conscious. Next to a threshold in pressure, one could also use a threshold in pressing location accuracy. For instance, on a screen the snooze button may become smaller and smaller. The snooze button could also be moved to a location further away from the subject.

The type of stimulus can be a variety of things such as the light, sound, vibration, and/or fragrance. The sequence of combination stimuli may for instance be a combination of light, sound, and tactile stimuli. The intensity of the stimuli may be changed such that the sleepier the sleeper the louder or stronger stimuli may be used. The user may also be able to modify a user profile. Essentially the system may respond to a profile which is chosen or set by the user. This enables the user to fine tune the process or functioning of the wake-up system.

In another embodiment the user interface comprises the subject measurement system. Essentially the user interface and the subject measurement system may be the same sensor or measurement system. For example a camera or a video system may be used to detect the motion of the subject while the subject is still unconscious. When the subject becomes conscious the user interface may respond to gestures or motions consciously made by the subject. For instance a waving motion or other gesture may be used to trigger a snooze or alarm off sequence.

In another embodiment the alarm is operable for generating the stimulus at a high level and a low level. Execution of the instructions causes the processor to receive an absolute wake-up time. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to generate a second stimulus at the higher level using the alarm at the absolute wake-up time. The stimulus for measuring the physical parameter is generated before the absolute wake-up time is generated at the low level. This embodiment may have the benefit of waking the subject more gently. For instance the stimulus could be set to such a low level such that when the subject hears the low level and the subject is in a light sleep state the subject wakes. When the subject is in a deep sleep state the stimulus at the low level may not be sufficient to wake the subject. This may have the benefit of potentially waking the subject more gently or waking the subject when he or she is in a light sleep.

In another embodiment the stimulus is always partially an audible signal. Execution of the instructions causes the processor to calculate an integrated acoustic power of the audible signal. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine the subject sleep state at least partially using the integrated acoustic power. This embodiment may be beneficial because the goal of the acoustic power may be an accurate measure of the subject sleep state.

In another embodiment the subject measurement system comprises any one of the following: a camera, a radar system, an accelerometer, a microphone, a pressure sensor, one or more distance sensors, a temperature sensor, one or more capacitive sensors, an EEG sensor, an EMG sensor, an EOG sensor, and combinations thereof.

In another embodiment the alarm is any one of the following: an audible alarm, a scent generator, a light system, a tactile stimulus system, and combinations thereof.

In another aspect the invention provides for a computer program product comprising machine-executable instructions for execution by a processor controlling a wake- up system. For instance the computer program product may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The wake-up system comprises an alarm for generating a stimulus for waking a subject. The wake-up system further comprises a subject measurement system for measuring the physical parameter of the subject. Execution of the instructions causes the processor to generate the stimulus using the alarm. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to measure the physical parameter after generating the stimulus. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a subject response using the physical parameter. The subject response comprises an involuntary response time calculated using the physical parameter. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to determine a subject sleep state using the subject response. Execution of the instructions further causes the processor to adjust the stimulus at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state.

In another aspect the invention provides for a method of operating a wake-up system. The wake-up system comprises an alarm for generating a stimulus for waking a subject. The wake-up system further comprises a subject measurement system for measuring a physical parameter of the subject. The method comprises the step of generating the stimulus using the alarm. The method further comprises the step of measuring the physical parameter after generating the stimulus. The method further comprises the step of determining a subject response using the physical parameter. The subject response comprises an involuntary response time calculated using the physical parameter. The method further comprises the step of determining a subject sleep state using the subject response. The method further comprises the step of adjusting the stimulus at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following preferred embodiments of the invention will be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram which illustrates a method according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram which illustrates a method according to a further embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 shows a flow diagram which illustrates a method according to a further embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a wake-up system according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5 illustrates an example of a wake-up system according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 shows a possible or estimated relationship between sleepiness and reaction time to an alarming event;

Fig. 7 shows a plot which shows the relationship between sleepiness and the acceleration or force with which a snooze button may be hit;

Fig. 8 shows a plot of time versus the lightness of sleep and the snooze response time;

Fig 9 shows a further embodiment of a wake up system;

Fig 10 shows a further embodiment of a wake up system;

Fig 11 shows a mobile computing device displaying an example of a displayed path on a touch screen display;

Fig. 12 shows a mobile computing device displaying a further example of a displayed path on a touch screen display;

Fig. 13 shows a mobile computing device displaying a further example of a displayed path on a touch screen display;

Fig. 14 shows a mobile computing device displaying a further example of a displayed path on a touch screen display; and Fig. 15 shows a mobile computing device displaying a further example of a displayed path on a touch screen display.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Like numbered elements in these figures are either equivalent elements or perform the same function. Elements which have been discussed previously will not necessarily be discussed in later figures if the function is equivalent.

Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram which illustrates a method according to an embodiment of the invention. First in step 100 a physical stimulus is generated using an alarm. Next in step 102 a physical parameter descriptive of the subject is measured. Next in step 103 a subject response comprising an involuntary response time is determined using the physical parameter. In step 104 a subject response comprising a involuntary response time is determined using the physical parameter. Next in step 106 a subject sleep state is determined using the subject response. Then finally in step 108 the stimulus is adjusted in accordance with the subject sleep state.

Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram which illustrates a method according to a further embodiment of the invention. In step 200 a physical stimulus is generated using an alarm. Next in step 202 a physical parameter is measured. Next in step 204 an involuntary response time is determined using the physical parameter. Next in step 206 a subject response is measured. Next in step 208 a voluntary response time is determined using the subject response. Next in step 210 a subject response comprising the involuntary response time and the voluntary response time is determined. Next in step 212 a subject sleep state is determined using the subject response. And finally in step 214 the stimulus is adjusted in accordance with the subject sleep state.

Fig. 3 shows a flow diagram which illustrates a method according to a further embodiment of the invention. First in step 300 a physical stimulus is generated using an alarm. Next in step 302 a physical parameter is measured. Next in step 304 an involuntary response time is determined using the physical parameter. Next in step 306 a subject response is measured. In step 308 a voluntary response time is determined using the subject response. Next in step 310 a subject response is determined. The subject response comprises the involuntary response time and the voluntary response time. Next in step 312 a subject sleep state is determined using the subject response. Next in step 314 the subject sleep state is logged in a sleep state database. Next in step 316 a suggested wake-up time is determined using the sleep state database. Finally in step 318 the alarm is adjusted to activate the stimulus in accordance with the suggested wake-up time. Depending upon the type of stimulus, the stimulus may be activated before or at the suggested wake-up time. In the case of a wake up light, the stimulus may be activated well before the suggested wake-up time. Such a light system may for instance be activated a half hour before the desired wake-up time. In other embodiments, the stimulus may be activated at the suggested wake up time.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a wake-up system 400 according to an embodiment of the invention. The position next to the wake-up system 400 is a subject 402 reposing or sleeping on a bed 404. The wake-up system 400 comprises an alarm 406 and a measurement system 408. The alarm 406 could represent, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: an audible alarm, a scent generator, a light system, and a tactile stimulus system. The measurement system may comprise, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following: a camera, a radar system, an accelerometer, a microphone, a pressure sensor, one or more distance sensors, a temperature sensor, one or more capacitive sensors, an EEG sensor, an EMG sensor, and an EOG sensor.

The alarm 406 and the measurement system 408 are shown as being connected to a hardware interface 412 of a computer 410. The computer 410 further comprises a processor 416 for executing computer or machine-executable instructions. The processor 416 is connected to the hardware interface 412. The hardware interface 412 enables the processor 416 to communicate and/or control the alarm 406 and the measurement system 408. The processor 416 is further shown as being connected to a user interface 414, computer storage 418, and computer memory 420.

The computer storage 418 is shown as containing a measured physical parameter 430 that was measured with the measurement system 408. The computer storage 418 is shown as further containing an involuntary response time 432 that was determined or calculated using the physical parameter 430. The computer storage 418 is shown as further containing a subject response 434 that was generated using the involuntary response time 432 and possibly the physical parameter 430. The computer storage 418 is shown as containing a subject sleep state 436. The subject sleep state 436 was determined using the subject response 434. In many embodiments the subject sleep state 436 is determined by classifying or binning the involuntary response time 432.

The computer storage 418 is shown as further containing an alarm adjustment 438. The alarm adjustment 438 was generated or created in accordance with the subject sleep state 436. Depending upon the various embodiments the alarm adjustment 438 may cause a difference in the stimulus generated by the alarm 406 or it may also cause a difference in the time at which the stimulus is generated.

The computer memory 420 is shown as containing a control module 440. The control module contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to operate and control the functioning of the wake-up system 400. The computer memory 420 is further shown as containing an involuntary response time determination module 442. The involuntary response time determination module 442 contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to determine the involuntary response time 432 from the physical parameter 430. The computer memory 420 further shows or contains a subject response generation module 444. The subject response generation module 444 contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to generate the subject response 434 using the involuntary response time 432.

The computer memory 420 is further shown as containing a subject sleep state determination module 446. The subject sleep state determination module 446 contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to determine the subject sleep state 436 using the subject response 434. The computer memory 420 is shown as further containing an alarm adjustment generation module 448. The alarm adjustment generation module 448 contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to generate the alarm adjustment 438 using the subject sleep state 436. In other embodiments the alarm adjustment generation module 448 may generate the alarm adjustment 438 using a subject sleep state database.

Fig. 5 illustrates a wake-up system 500 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The wake-up system shown in Fig. 5 is similar to that shown in Fig. 4 but with additional features. The wake-up system 500 additionally comprises a sleep start time sensor 502 and an extension of the user interface 504. In particular the extension of the user interface 504 may comprise a response metric measurement means.

The computer storage 418 is shown as additionally containing user input 510 that was acquired from the user interface 414 and/or 504. The computer storage 418 is shown as additionally containing a voluntary response time 512 that was generated using the user input 510. The computer storage 418 is shown as further containing a response metric 514 calculated or generated using the user input 510. The computer storage 418 is shown as further containing a subject sleep database 516. In other embodiments the subject sleep database 516 may be located on a remote server or a computer system. For instance the wake-up system 500 may be adapted for connecting to a remote patient management system or computer system. For instance a hospital or other healthcare provider may maintain and/or monitor the subject sleep state database 516. The computer storage 418 is further shown as containing a suggested wake-up time 518 that was generated using the subject sleep state database 516. The computer storage 418 is further shown as containing a sleep start time 520. The sleep start time 520 was measured using the start time sensor 502.

The computer memory 420 is shown as further containing a voluntary response time generation module 530. The voluntary response time generation module 530 contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to determine the voluntary response time 512 using the user input 510. The computer memory 520 is further shown as containing a response metric determination module 532. The response metric determination module 532 contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to determine the response metric 514 using the user input 510. The computer memory 420 further contains a database management module 534. This is an optional module 534 which contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to maintain and/or query the subject sleep state database 516. The computer memory further contains a suggested wake-up time generation module 536. The suggested wake-up time generation module 536 further contains computer-executable code which enables the processor 416 to either analyze and/or query the subject sleep state database 516 to generate or calculate the suggested wake-up time 518.

In general, there has been a growing demand to make the waking up process more pleasant and have it tailored to user's physiology in order to provide the most pleasant wake up experience given a user's individual circumstances.

However despite all the claims and "smart" sensors used, user reviews as well as scientific studies keep on rightfully bashing iPhone's apps, aXbo watches and other gadgets alike. The major drawback that is common for the modern days "smart" wake up solutions is seen in the fact that feedback they provide doesn't correspond to the way user feels.

Current wake up devices have not been able to capture user's subjective feelings of "light wake up" or "feeling great and recharged" is caused by practically excluding "asking" the user as a whole, but rather relying on simple sensor(s) attached a body and data analysis algorithms.

Some embodiments of the invention may provide a simple way of implicitly "asking" (or rather checking) user's sleep lightness curve (SLC) by means of observing and analyzing user's interaction with snooze button of the alarm clock and adapting the behavior of the alarm clock or other sensor in order to ensure smoother waking up.

The principle of some embodiments of the invention may be based on the following facts:

1. Alarm clock introduces a discomfort. Naturally a user wishes to remove this discomfort. The time it takes user to eliminate discomfort (snooze) is shorter in the lighter sleep and longer during the deeper one. Therefore, time between start of the stimulation and moment user presses "alarm off button or "snooze" button is in reverse proportion with lightness of the sleep.

2. Most techniques try to establish a link with sleep stages and speak of sleep lightness in terms of sleep stages. Embodiments of the invention may use a measuring technique that takes into account user as a whole "system:" from "input" - picking up an auditory stimulus up to "output" - switching on the snooze option by a purposeful physical movement. In contrast, even polysomnography only focuses on the brain activity.

3. A person woken up at the deeper state of sleep will experience stronger sleep inertia symptoms than the same person woken up at the lighter sleep stage.

4. It is known that humans are able to react within 100's of milliseconds to an auditory stimulus when fully awake. It is also known that this reaction time increases the more sleep deprived a human is.

When measuring reaction time one can define it as the time between a stimulus, e.g., alarm, occurring and the conscious reaction of a subject to this stimulus such as pressing the snooze button.

This is sufficient for laboratory settings, where the subjects' position towards stimulus source and reaction measuring element are always similar. When considering a home setting the position of the subject remains unknown, especially for the case of in-bed applications. This unknown position leaves the measurement with a lot of noise and makes it impractical for real world use.

Embodiments of the invention may provide a method for determining the sleep state of the user, i.e., light sleep or deep sleep, at the moment the alarm goes off, by means of logging the user's response characteristics to the alarm.

Embodiments of the inventnion may have a means to log and analyze the user's behavioral pattern when interacting with the "alarm off button or "snooze" button. As input for the behavioral pattern, one or more inputs can be used, such as: "Conscious" and "unconscious" reaction time. The "unconscious reaction time" is the time from the alarm going off until the first motion in bed occurs. This may be considered to be an involuntary response time. The "conscious reaction time" is the time between the first reaction and snoozing the alarm. This may be considered to be a voluntary response time.

• The reaction method of the user may be noted. For instance, the applied force during snooze press may be measured.

A history of conscious and unconscious reaction times may be recorded.

• Sound energy emitted by the device may be determined and compared to the user's response. This energy can be computed by integrating over the emitted acoustic power.

Embodiments of the invention may analyze the behavioral pattern of the user. The embodiment may adopt or optimize one or more of the following alarm settings for the next day or the next snooze:

The type of alarm stimulus, e.g., light, sound, vibration, fragrance.

• The sequence/combination of stimuli when having multi-modal stimuli such as light, sound and tactile.

The intensity of these stimuli, e.g., the sleepier the user, the louder the signal. The snooze time between stimuli, e.g., the sleepier the user, the shorter the snooze time between stimuli.

• The time of the first alarm

To the users profile during the wake up process. This adaptation is done, to facilitate a wake-up process that is desired by the user.

Smooth Snooze Embodiment:

In this embodiment the alarm system may prevents the user from falling asleep again during the snooze periods.

It is predicted that the the following relationships are true:

1. Not only when awake, but also when asleep, the reaction time to an auditive stimulus is dependent on the sleepiness or sleep stage or state of a person.

2. There is a correlation between sleepiness and the probability of falling asleep again within a certain time.

From pilot experiments it has been derived that the reaction to an alarm in the morning varies between 2000ms and 9000ms. These measurements of course include noise due to the position of the alarm device, the posture of the user and other unknown factors. For these reasons, the discrimination between conscious and unconscious reaction time has not been done. Sleep stages were not measured during these initial experiments.

Embodiments of the invention may measure unconscious reaction time using, but is not limited to: a camera, a radar, and/or an accelerometer.

Fig. 6 shows a possible or estimated relationship between sleepiness 600 and reaction time 602 to an alarming event. The x-axis is the sleepiness 600 and the y-axis is the reaction time 602. Three classifications of sleepiness 600 are shown. There is a wakeful state 604, a light sleep state 606, and a deep sleep state 608.

Using the predictions shown in Fig. 6, conclusions about a subject's sleep stages or subject sleep state from the reaction (time) to the alarm stimulus can be drawn. Therefore the snooze time and the subsequent alarm intensity can be used in a manner that the user will experience a gentler wake up. In addition it may prevent the user from falling asleep over and over again during the wakeup period by shortening the snooze intervals in a smart way.

Fig. 7 shows a plot which predicts the relationship between sleepiness 600 and the acceleration or force 700 with which a snooze button is hit. It can be seen that as the sleepiness increases the force also increases. This relationship may be used as a response metric.

Optionally, one can also incorporate an accelerometer or force sensor into the alarm off/snooze button of the wake -up system. The sensor will measure (directly or indirectly) the force applied to the interface or the coarseness of the motion with which the user interface is being used. With this information we can judge the sleepiness of the user too. This may be enabled by the fact that the coordination of the human motor system will only allow for coarse motion when one is sleepy. This measure can serve as additional input for the optimal wake up time embodiment below.

Optimal wake-up time Embodiment:

In this embodiment an alarm system that uses the alarm signal induced characteristics of the user's reaction for wake-up time optimization. The wake-up system monitors the response time of the user to the alarm signal. By probing this response time at different wake-up times over a calibration period of several days, the system can obtain an alarm response curve of the user as sketched below. This alarm response curve can be interpreted as the inverse of the sleep lightness curve. After having finished the calibration period of several days, the system can determine the optimal wake up time of the user, i.e., the time at which the user is in light sleep state. The user can then either be automatically woken up at that time, or can be advised to adjust the wake up time to that value.

Fig. 8 shows a plot of time versus the lightness of sleep and the snooze response time. In this Fig. is a curve which illustrates the sleep lightness curve and the snooze response time 806. It is noted that the sleep lightness is considered to be the inverse of the snooze response curve 806. The snooze response curve 806 is measured by making various alarm probes 808 at various times. This may for instance be accomplished by measuring the physical parameter at a level which does not necessarily wake the subject but enables the measurement of an involuntary response time. The snooze response curve 806 may be the involuntary response time. It can be seen that the snooze response curve 806 has a minimum value at the dashed line that goes through point 810. This is at 6:37am and this represents a smooth wake-up time 810. Also on the timeline 800 is a deadline wake-up time 812. At this time an alarm which definitely wakes up the subject is generated.

Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of a wake up system 900. The wake up system 900 shown in Fig. 9 is similar to the wake up system 400 shown in Fig. 4. However, in this embodiment 900 the user interface 414 has been replaced with a portable computing device 902. The portable computing device 902 has a touch screen display 904. The touch screen display 904 is displaying a displayed path 906. In this case the displayed path is a series of three line segments. In other embodiments the portable computing device 902 may simply be a touch screen display 904 in contact with the computer system 410. Also various processing and software components may be present on the portable computing device 902 instead of on the computer 410. As such only a single processor 416 is represented in Fig. 9. However, the processor 416 is intended to be representative of possibly more than one processor which is distributed between the mobile computing device 902 and the computer 410. When the subject 402 receives a stimulus from the alarm 406 the subject will attempt to trace the path 906 with his or her finger when she is awake enough.

The computer storage 418 is shown as containing displayed path data. The displayed path data 908 contains data which the processor 416 used to render the displayed path 906. The computer storage 418 is further shown as containing received path data 910. The received path data 910 is received from the mobile computing device 902. It is descriptive of the path traced by the subject 902 on the touch screen display 904. In some embodiments the received path data 910 is simply path data but it may also contain timing data such as when the subject 402 first started tracing the path 910 and also the time dependent path or how long it took to complete tracing the path 910. The computer memory 420 is further shown as containing a path analysis module 912. The path analysis module 912 contains computer executable code which enables the processor 416 to determine at a minimum the voluntary response time using the viewed path data 910. In some embodiments the path analysis module 912 may perform other functions such as measuring how accurately the subject traced the displayed path 906, determined a reaction time, determined a movement time or how fast the path was traced, and combinations thereof.

Fig. 10 shows a wake up system according to a further embodiment of the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 10 is similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 with the addition of several additional software components. The computer storage 418 is shown as containing a reaction time 1002 and a movement time 1004 determined using the received path data 910 by the path analysis module 912. The computer storage 418 is also shown as containing an average reaction time 1006 and an average movement time 1008 that was determined by reaction times and movement times measured over a predetermined number of days or time. The computer memory 420 is shown as containing a path database 1010. The path database 1010 enables the processor 416 to choose a different displayed path data 908 depending upon the day. This enables a different displayed path 906 to be rendered on the touch screen display 904.

The computer memory 420 is also shown as containing a psychomotor database 1012. The psychomotor database 1012 is operable for storing psychomotor data determined from the received path data 910. For instance the average reaction time 1006 and the average movement time 1008 could be determined from the psychomotor database 1012. In this embodiment the control module 440 may use the reaction time 1002, the movement time 1004, the average reaction time 1006, and the average movement time 1008 to perform different functions. For instance if the reaction time and/or movement time 1004 are not within a predefined range then the processor 416 may in some cases cause a new displayed path 906 to be displayed on the touch screen display 904 to ensure that the subject 402 is really awake.

In another embodiment the control module 440 may use the average reaction time 1006 and/or average movement time 1008 to generate an alert displayed by the computer system 410 or transferred by the computer system 410 to another computer system. This may be useful if the average reaction time and/or average movement time 1008 are below a predetermined threshold which indicates that the subject 402 may be suffering from a sleep or emotional disorder. Figs. 11-15 show various examples of displayed paths. Fig. 11 shows a mobile computing device 902 with a touch screen display 904. On the touch screen display 904 is rendered a displayed path 1106. In this case the displayed path 1106 is made of three line segments. In some embodiments the displayed path is rendered as a collection of different line segments connected together to form a single path.

Fig. 12 shows the mobile computing device 902 with a touch screen display 904 again. In this case the displayed path 1206 is a spiral shape. The displayed path need not be straight line segments. Other more complicated shapes such as 1206 may also be used.

Fig. 13 shows the mobile computing device 902 and the touch screen display 904 again. In this example there are two different paths 1306 and 1306' shown. Path 1306 is a triangular shaped path. Path 1306' is a circular shaped path. The example in Fig. 13 shows that multiple paths may also be displayed. As with Fig. 12 a variety of shapes besides just plain line segments may also be used.

Fig. 14 shows the mobile computing device 902 with the touch screen display 904 again. In this example a directed path 1406 is shown. The directed path 1406 is made of three line segments. Additionally there are arrows 1408 indicating the path or the direction in which the directed path 1406 should be traced.

Fig. 15 shows the same directed path 1406 and arrows 1408 on the touch screen display 904 of the mobile computing device 902 again. However, in this example the received path 1500 is also displayed on the touch screen display 904. This gives the subject immediate feedback as to how well he or she traced the directed path 1406.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.

Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measured cannot be used to advantage. A computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

400 wake up system

402 subject

404 bed

406 alarm

408 measurement system

410 computer

412 hardware interface

414 user interface

416 processor

418 computer storage

420 computer memory

430 physical parameter

432 involuntary response time

434 subject response

436 subject sleep state

438 alarm adjustment

440 control module

442 involuntary response time determination module

444 subject response generation module

446 subject sleep state determination module

448 alarm adjustment generation module

500 wake up system

502 sleep start time sensor

504 extension of user interface

510 user input

512 voluntary response time

514 response metric

516 subject sleep state database

518 suggested wake up time

520 sleep start time

530 voluntary response time generation module

532 response metric determination module

534 database management module 536 suggested wake up time generation module

600 sleepiness

602 reaction time

604 awake

606 light sleep

608 deep sleep

700 acceleration or force

800 time

802 lightness of sleep / snooze response

804 sleep lightness curve

806 snooze response curve

808 alarm probe

810 smooth wake up time

812 deadline wakeup time

900 wake up system

902 portable computing device

904 touch screen display

906 displayed path

908 displayed path data

910 received path data

912 path analysis module

1000 wake up system

1002 reaction time

1004 movement time

1006 average reaction time

1008 average movement time

1010 path database

1012 psychomotor database

1106 displayed path

1206 displayed path

1306 displayed path

1306' displayed path

1406 directed path

1408 arrow 1500 received path

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A wake up system (400, 500, 900, 1000) comprising:

- an alarm (406) for generating a stimulus for waking a subject (402);

- a subject measurement system (408) for measuring a physical parameter of the subject;

- a processor (416) for controlling the wake up system;

- a memory (416) containing machine executable instructions, wherein execution of the instructions cause the processor to:

- generate (100, 200, 300) the stimulus using the alarm;

- measure (102, 202, 302) the physical parameter after generating the stimulus;

- determine (104, 210, 310) a subject response (434) using the physical parameter, wherein the subject response comprises an involuntary response time (432) calculated using the physical parameter;

- determine (106, 212, 312) a subject sleep state (436) using the subject response;

- adjust (108, 214, 318) the stimulus at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state.

2. The wake up system of claim 1, wherein the wake up system further comprises a user interface (414, 904) for receiving user input (510, 910, 1500), wherein execution of the instructions further causes the processor to:

- receive (306) the user input after generating the stimulus, and

- determine (308) a voluntary response time (512) using the user input, wherein the subject response comprises the voluntary response time.

3. The wake up system of claim 2, wherein the physical parameter is descriptive of the subject and a second subject, wherein the wake up system further comprises a second user interface for receiving second user input, wherein execution of the instructions further cause the processor to:

- determine a second subject response using the physical parameter, wherein the second subject response comprises a second involuntary response time calculated using the physical parameter;

- receive second user input after generating the stimulus;

- determine a second voluntary response time using the second user input,

- determine a second subject response using the second voluntary response time, - determine a second subject sleep state using the second subject response, wherein the stimulus is adjusted at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state and the second subject sleep state.

4. The wake up system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the user interface is operable for measuring a response metric (514), wherein the user response comprises the response metric, and wherein the subject sleep state is determined at least partially using the response metric.

5. The wake up system of claim 2, 3, or 4, wherein the user interface is a touch screen (904), wherein execution of the instructions further causes the processor to display a displayed path (906, 1106, 1206, 1306, 1306', 1406) on the touchscreen, wherein the user input is a received path (910, 1500) traced on the touch screen.

6. The wake up system of claim 5, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the processor to choose the displayed path from a path database (1010).

7. The wake up system of claim 6, wherein the displayed path is chosen from the path database using a calendar date.

8. The wake up system of claim 7, wherein the path database comprises paths with varying shapes.

9. The wake up system of claim 7 or 8, wherein the displayed path comprises line segments.

10. The wake up system of any one of claims 5 through 9, wherein the path is a directed path (1406).

11. The wakeup system of claim 10, wherein execution of the instructions cause the processor to display arrows (1408) to indicate the directed path.

12. The wake up system of any one of claims 5 through 11, wherein execution of the instructions cause the processor to determine a reaction time and movement time using the received path.

13. The wake up system of claim 12, wherein execution of the instructions cause the processor to store the reaction time (1002) and the movement time (1004) in a

psychomotor function database (1012).

14. The wake up system of claim 13, wherein execution of the instructions further cause the processor to:

- determine an average reaction time (1006) using the psychomotor function database;

- determine an average movement time (1008) using the psychomotor function database;

- send an alert to a computer system and/or display an alert message on the touch screed if the average reaction time is below a predetermined reaction time threshold and/or the average movement time is below a predetermined movement time threshold.

15. The wake up system of any one of claims 12 through 14, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the processor to:

- continue to generate the stimulus using the alarm if the reaction time is below a

predetermined wakeup reaction time and/or if the movement time is below a predetermined movement reaction time.

16. The wake up system of any one of claims 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the processor to display a new displayed path if the reaction time is below the predetermined wakeup reaction time and/or if the movement time is below the predetermined movement reaction time.

17. The wakeup system of claim 15 or 16, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the processor to halt the generation of the stimulus using the alarm after a predetermined duration.

18. The wakeup system of any one of claims 5 through 17, wherein execution of the instructions further cause the processor to display (1500) the received path on touch screen as it is received.

19. The wake up system of any one of claims 5 through 18, wherein the wake up system further comprise a mobile computing device (902), and wherein the touch screen is part of the mobile computing device.

20. The wake up system of claim 19, wherein the wake up system comprises a network connection for connecting to the mobile computing device.

21. The wake up system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein execution of the instructions causes the processor to:

- log (314) the subject sleep state in a subject sleep state database (516);

- determine (316) a suggested wake up time (536) using the subject sleep state database;

22. The wake up system of claim 21, wherein execution of the instructions causes the processor to perform any one of the following:

- generate the stimulus using the alarm automatically at the suggested wakeup time; and

- display the suggested wake up time on a display, receive a wake up time using a user input device, and generate the stimulus using the alarm automatically at the wakeup time.

23. The wake up system of claim 21 or 22, wherein the wake up system further comprises a sleep start time sensor, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the processor to:

- measure a sleep start time using the sleep start time sensor;

- wherein the suggested wake up time is determined at least partially using the sleep start time.

24. The wake up system of claim 21, 22, or 23, wherein execution of the instructions causes the processor to analyze the subject sleep state database and adjust any one of the following:

- type of stimulus;

- sequence of combination of stimuli;

- the intensity of the stimuli;

- snooze time between stimuli;

- time of a first alarm;

- response to a user profile; - threshold to stop or snooze the stimulus; and

- combinations thereof.

25. The wake up system of any one of claims 2 through 24, wherein the user interface comprises the subject measurement system.

26. The wake up system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the alarm is operable for generating the stimulus at a high level and a low level, wherein execution of the instructions cause the processor to:

- receive an absolute wake up time; and

- generate a second stimulus at the high level using the alarm at the absolute wake up time, wherein the stimulus for measuring the physical parameter is generated before the absolute wake up time and is generated at the low level.

27. The wake up system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stimulus is at least partially an audible signal, wherein execution of the instructions causes the processor to:

- calculate an integrated acoustic power of the audible signal; and

- determine the subject sleep state at least partially using the integrated acoustic power.

28. The wake up system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the subject measurement system is any one of the following: a camera, a radar system, an accelerometer, a microphone, pressure sensor, one or more distance sensors, a temperature sensor, one or more capacitive sensors, EEG sensor, EMG sensor, EOG sensor, and combinations thereof.

29. The wake up system of any one of the previous claims, wherein the alarm is any one of the following: an audible alarm, a scent generator, a light system, a tactile stimulus system, and combinations thereof.

30. A computer program product comprising machine executable instructions for execution by a processor (416) controlling a wake up system (400, 500), wherein the wake up system comprises an alarm (406) for generating a stimulus for waking a subject (402), wherein the wake up system further comprises a subject measurement system (408) for measuring a physical parameter (430) of the subject, wherein execution of the instructions causes the processor to:

- generate (100, 200, 300) the stimulus using the alarm;

- measure (102, 202, 302) the physical parameter after generating the stimulus;

- determine (106, 212, 312) a subject sleep state (436) using the subject response; and

31. A method of operating a wake up system (400, 500), wherein the wake up system comprises an alarm (406) for generating a stimulus for waking a subject (402), wherein the wake up system further comprises a subject measurement system (408) for measuring a physical parameter (430) of the subject, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

- generating (100, 200, 300) the stimulus using the alarm;

- measuring (102, 202, 302) the physical parameter after generating the stimulus;

- determining (104, 210, 310) a subject response (434) using the physical parameter, wherein the subject response comprises an involuntary response time calculated using the physical parameter;

- determining (106, 212, 312) a subject sleep state (436) using the subject response; and

- adjusting (108, 214, 318) the stimulus at least partially in accordance with the subject sleep state.