WO2013088704A1 - 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 - Google Patents
抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013088704A1 WO2013088704A1 PCT/JP2012/007912 JP2012007912W WO2013088704A1 WO 2013088704 A1 WO2013088704 A1 WO 2013088704A1 JP 2012007912 W JP2012007912 W JP 2012007912W WO 2013088704 A1 WO2013088704 A1 WO 2013088704A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage pulse
- electrode
- metal oxide
- resistance value
- resistance
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 255
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 255
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 120
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 41
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018279 LaSrMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0073—Write using bi-directional cell biasing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0083—Write to perform initialising, forming process, electro forming or conditioning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/73—Array where access device function, e.g. diode function, being merged with memorizing function of memory element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/74—Array wherein each memory cell has more than one access device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/79—Array wherein the access device being a transistor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of driving a resistance change element whose resistance value changes according to an applied electric pulse, and a nonvolatile memory device that implements the method.
- perovskite materials eg, Pr (1-x) Ca x MnO 3 [PCMO], LaSrMnO 3 [LSMO], GdBaCo x O y [GBCO] Etc.
- PCMO Pr (1-x) Ca x MnO 3
- LSMO LaSrMnO 3
- GdBaCo x O y [GBCO] Etc. has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
- This technique is designed to store data by applying a voltage pulse (wave voltage with short duration) of different polarity to a perovskite material to increase or decrease its resistance value, and to correspond the data to a changing resistance value. Is.
- transition metal oxides NiO, V 2 O, ZnO, Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , WO 3
- a nonvolatile variable resistance element that utilizes the fact that the resistance value of the transition metal oxide film changes by applying a voltage pulse having a different pulse width to the CoO film (see Patent Document 2).
- a configuration in which cross-point type memory arrays using diodes are stacked is also realized.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a method of driving a resistance change element capable of stably changing the resistance of the resistance change element, and a nonvolatile memory device that implements the method. It is to provide.
- a driving method of a variable resistance element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode,
- the driving method of driving a resistance change element including a metal oxide layer whose resistance value changes according to a voltage pulse applied between one electrode and the second electrode the metal oxide layer includes the first electrode.
- a polar initial voltage pulse between the first electrode and the second electrode By applying a polar initial voltage pulse between the first electrode and the second electrode, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer is changed from the initial resistance value of the metal oxide layer to another resistance value.
- the resistance change element driving method includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a driving method for driving a resistance change element including a metal oxide layer whose resistance value changes according to a voltage pulse applied between the first and second electrodes, the metal oxide layer is connected to the first electrode.
- a writing process in which the resistance state of the metal oxide layer is changed from high to low by applying the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode to a writing state, and a second polarity different from the first polarity
- the erase voltage pulse is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer is R0
- the resistance value in the write state is RL
- the resistance value in the erased state is RH
- the first resistance value is R1
- the second resistance value is R2.
- the maximum current flowing through the metal oxide layer is IbRH
- the maximum current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the second initial voltage pulse is applied is IbRL
- the maximum value of current is IRL and the maximum value of current flowing through the metal oxide when the erase voltage pulse is applied is IRH, R0> R1 ⁇ RH> R2 ⁇ RL, and
- the resistance change element driving method of the present invention it is possible to stably change the resistance of the resistance change element.
- the nonvolatile memory device of the present invention that implements this driving method, a memory device that can operate stably can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the variable resistance element according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the variable resistance element according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a circuit that operates the resistance change element according to the first embodiment and an operation example when data is written to the resistance change element.
- FIG. 4A shows resistance values of the metal oxide layer in the initial process performed before data is written (writing process) and erased (erasing process) and before the first writing in the variable resistance element of Embodiment 1. It is a figure which shows the change of.
- FIG. 4B shows the metal oxidation in the initial process performed before data is written (writing process) and erased (erasing process) in the variable resistance element according to the first modification of the first embodiment, and before the first writing. It is a figure which shows the change of the resistance value of a physical layer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a circuit that operates the resistance change element according to the first embodiment and an operation example in the case of reading data written in the resistance change element.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a current value of a current flowing through a path including the variable resistance element according to Embodiment 1 and a resistance value of a metal oxide layer when data is read.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a circuit that operates the resistance change element according to the first embodiment and an operation example in the case of reading data written in the resistance change element.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a current value of a current flowing through a path
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a change in the resistance value of the metal oxide layer when the voltage value of the voltage pulse applied to the variable resistance element according to Embodiment 1 is changed.
- FIG. 8 is a graph for explaining the concept of the resistance variation rate.
- FIG. 9A is a table showing the evaluation of the resistance fluctuation rate.
- FIG. 9B is a graph showing the evaluation of the resistance fluctuation rate.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 11 is a table showing the evaluation of the resistance fluctuation rate.
- FIG. 12A is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance variation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 12B is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 12C is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 12D is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance variation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of the nonvolatile memory device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of the nonvolatile memory device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 15 shows the resistance value of the metal oxide layer in the initial process performed before data is written (writing process) and erased (erasing process) and before the first writing in the variable resistance element according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram showing evaluation of the resistance variation rate.
- FIG. 16B is a diagram illustrating evaluation of the resistance variation rate.
- FIG. 17A is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance variation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 17B is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the evaluation of the resistance fluctuation rate.
- FIG. 19A is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 19B is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 19C is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- FIG. 19D is a graph showing the relationship between the resistance fluctuation rate and the set RL current value.
- the present inventor has found that the absolute value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the write voltage pulse is applied is the initial voltage pulse that lowers the resistance of the variable resistance element. It has been found that the fluctuation of the resistance of the resistance change element is suppressed by making the current flowing through the metal oxide layer more than the absolute value when applied. Further, by making the absolute value of the voltage value of the initial voltage pulse that lowers the resistance of the variable resistance element larger than the absolute value of the voltage value of the write voltage pulse, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the resistance of the variable resistance element. I found it. The details of the findings will be described below together with the embodiment as appropriate.
- the voltage pulse applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is interposed between the first electrode, the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the metal oxide layer is connected to a first oxide region connected to the first electrode and to the second electrode.
- an initial voltage pulse having a first polarity is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereby the resistance value of the metal oxide layer is reduced.
- An initial process of changing from a resistance value in the initial state to another resistance value the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer is R0, the resistance value in the write state is RL, the resistance value in the erased state is RH, The other resistance value is R2, the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when applying the initial voltage pulse is IbRL, the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide when applying the write voltage pulse is IRL, and the metal oxide is applied when applying the erase voltage pulse
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the object is IRH, R0>RH> R2 ⁇ RL, and
- the voltage pulse applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is interposed between the first electrode, the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the metal oxide layer is connected to a first oxide region connected to the first electrode and to the second electrode.
- a writing process in which the resistance state of the metal oxide layer is changed from high to low to make a writing state, and an erasing voltage pulse having a second polarity different from the first polarity is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a first initial voltage pulse having a second polarity is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby initializing the resistance value of the metal oxide layer.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer is changed to the first resistance value by applying a second initial voltage pulse having the first polarity between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- An initial process of changing the resistance value from the first resistance value to the second resistance value wherein the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer is R0, the resistance value in the write state is RL, the resistance value in the erased state is RH, The resistance value of 1 is R1, the second resistance value is R2, the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the first initial voltage pulse is applied is IbRH, and the metal oxide layer is set when the second initial voltage pulse is applied.
- the maximum value of the flowing current is IbRL, the write voltage R0> R1 ⁇ RH> R2 ⁇ RL, where IRL is the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide at the time of application of IRS, and IRH is the maximum value of current flowing through the metal oxide at the time of applying the erase voltage pulse, and
- may be satisfied.
- the maximum value IRL of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the write voltage pulse is applied may satisfy
- the metal oxide may be any one of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- the first oxide region includes an oxide having a composition represented by TaO x (where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.9), and the second oxide region is An oxide having a composition represented by TaO y (where 2.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5) may be included.
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer is increased when the writing voltage pulse is applied as compared with the previous writing process. Also good.
- the above driving method further includes a verification process for verifying the resistance state of the metal oxide after the writing process, and executing the writing process again when the writing state is not realized as a result of the verification, and the verification process includes a plurality of verification processes.
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer may be increased when the write voltage pulse is applied, compared to the case of the previous writing process.
- the nonvolatile memory device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a voltage pulse that is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a resistance change element including a metal oxide layer whose resistance value changes, and a voltage pulse application circuit that applies a predetermined voltage pulse to the resistance change element, wherein the metal oxide layer is connected to the first electrode. 1 oxide region and a second oxide region connected to the second electrode and having a higher oxygen content than the first oxide region, and the voltage pulse application circuit has the first polarity Is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to change the resistance state of the metal oxide layer from high to low to make the write state, and erase the second polarity different from the first polarity.
- Application of a voltage pulse between the first electrode and the second electrode causes the metal acid
- the resistance value of the oxide layer is changed from the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer to another resistance value.
- the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer is R0, and the resistance value in the writing state is RL.
- the resistance value in the erased state is RH
- the other resistance value is R2
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when applying the initial voltage pulse is IbRL
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide when applying the write voltage pulse is When the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide when IRL and erasing voltage pulse are applied is IRH, R0> RH> R2 ⁇ RL, and
- the nonvolatile memory device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a voltage pulse that is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a resistance change element including a metal oxide layer whose resistance value changes, and a voltage pulse application circuit that applies a predetermined voltage pulse to the resistance change element, wherein the metal oxide layer is connected to the first electrode. 1 oxide region and a second oxide region connected to the second electrode and having a higher oxygen content than the first oxide region, and the voltage pulse application circuit has the first polarity Is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to change the resistance state of the metal oxide layer from high to low to make the write state, and erase the second polarity different from the first polarity.
- a voltage pulse between the first electrode and the second electrode causes the metal acid
- the resistance state of the physical layer is changed from low to high to be in the erased state, and a first initial voltage pulse having the second polarity is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode before the first writing process.
- a second initial voltage pulse having the first polarity is then applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. Is configured to change the resistance value of the metal oxide layer from the first resistance value to the second resistance value.
- the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer is R0
- the resistance value in the writing state is RL
- the erasing is performed.
- the resistance value in the state is RH
- the first resistance value is R1
- the second resistance value is R2
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the first initial voltage pulse is applied is IbRH
- the second initial voltage Maximum current flowing through the metal oxide layer when a pulse is applied Rb> R1 ⁇ RH> R2 ⁇ RL
- IbRL is the maximum current flowing through the metal oxide when the write voltage pulse is applied
- IRL is the maximum current flowing through the metal oxide when the erase voltage pulse is applied
- may be satisfied.
- the maximum value IRL of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the write voltage pulse is applied may satisfy
- the metal oxide may be any one of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- the first oxide region includes an oxide having a composition represented by TaO x (where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.9), and the second oxide region May contain an oxide having a composition represented by TaO y (where 2.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5).
- the voltage pulse application circuit when the voltage pulse application circuit applies a write voltage pulse after repeatedly applying the write voltage pulse, the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the write voltage pulse already applied is applied. It may be configured to apply a write voltage pulse in which a current higher than the maximum value flows.
- the nonvolatile memory device further includes verification means for verifying the resistance state of the metal oxide after the write voltage pulse is applied, and the voltage pulse application circuit has not realized the write state as a result of verification by the verification means.
- verification means for verifying the resistance state of the metal oxide after the write voltage pulse is applied, and the voltage pulse application circuit has not realized the write state as a result of verification by the verification means.
- the write voltage pulse is applied again, and when the write voltage pulse is applied after the re-application is performed a plurality of times, the metal at the time of applying the write voltage pulse already applied is configured.
- the write voltage pulse may be applied so that a current having a value higher than the maximum value of the current flowing through the oxide layer flows.
- the nonvolatile memory device may further include a current control element electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode.
- the current control element may be a transistor or a diode.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of the variable resistance element according to the first embodiment.
- the resistance change element 10 of the present embodiment includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 2 formed on the substrate 1, and a metal oxide layer formed on the first electrode 2. 3 and a second electrode 4 formed on the metal oxide layer 3. The first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4 are electrically connected to the metal oxide layer 3.
- the first electrode 2 may be the same size as the second electrode 4, and the electrodes 2, 4 and the metal oxide layer 3 may be arranged upside down or horizontally. Also good.
- the substrate 1 is composed of a silicon substrate on which circuit elements such as transistors are formed.
- the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4 are, for example, one of Au (gold), Pt (platinum), Ir (iridium), Cu (copper), W (tungsten), and TaN (tantalum nitride). Consists of one or more materials.
- the metal oxide layer 3 is configured by laminating a first tantalum oxide layer 3a and a second tantalum oxide layer 3b.
- the oxygen content of the second tantalum oxide layer 3b is higher than the oxygen content of the first tantalum oxide layer 3a.
- the composition of the first tantalum oxide layer 3a is TaO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5, and when the composition of the second tantalum oxide layer 3b is TaO y , x ⁇ y I just need it. Further, when 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.9 and 2.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 can be stably changed at high speed. It was. Therefore, x and y may be within the above ranges.
- the thickness of the metal oxide layer 3 is 1 ⁇ m or less, a change in resistance value is recognized, but it may be 200 nm or less. In such a configuration, when photolithography and etching are used as the patterning process, it is easy to process, and the voltage value of the voltage pulse necessary for changing the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 can be lowered. On the other hand, the thickness of the metal oxide layer 3 may be at least 5 nm or more from the viewpoint of more surely avoiding breakdown (dielectric breakdown) during voltage pulse application.
- the thickness of the second tantalum oxide layer 3b may be about 1 nm or more and 8 nm or less from the viewpoint of reducing the possibility that the initial resistance value becomes too high and obtaining a stable resistance change.
- the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4 are electrically connected to different terminals of the power supply 5.
- the resistance change element 10 may be electrically connected to the power source 5 via the protective resistor 6.
- the power supply 5 can apply an electrical pulse (voltage pulse) having a predetermined polarity, voltage, and time width to the resistance change element 10 as an electrical pulse application device for driving the resistance change element 10. It is configured.
- the protective resistor 6 is for preventing the resistance change element from being destroyed by an overcurrent.
- the resistance value is, for example, 4.5 k ⁇ .
- the voltage pulse is applied between the first terminal 7 and the second terminal 8.
- the voltage of the voltage pulse applied between the terminals is specified by the potential of the second terminal 8 with respect to the first terminal 7. At this time, the polarity of the current when a positive voltage is applied to the second terminal 8 is positive.
- the first electrode 2 having a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m is formed on the substrate 1 by sputtering. Thereafter, a tantalum oxide layer is formed on the first electrode 2 by a so-called reactive sputtering method in which a Ta target is sputtered in argon gas and oxygen gas.
- the oxygen content in the tantalum oxide layer can be easily adjusted by changing the flow ratio of oxygen gas to argon gas.
- the substrate temperature can be set to room temperature without any particular heating.
- the outermost surface of the tantalum oxide layer formed as described above is oxidized to modify its surface.
- a layer having a higher oxygen content is formed by a sputtering method using a tantalum oxide (for example, Ta 2 O 5) target having a high concentration of oxygen.
- a region (second region) having a higher oxygen content than the region (first region) where the tantalum oxide layer was not oxidized is formed on the surface of the tantalum oxide layer formed earlier.
- first region and second region correspond to the first tantalum oxide layer 3a and the second tantalum oxide layer 3b, respectively, and the first tantalum oxide layer 3a and the second tantalum oxide formed in this way.
- the metal oxide layer 3 is constituted by the layer 3b.
- variable resistance element 10 is obtained by forming the second electrode 4 having a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m on the metal oxide layer 3 formed as described above by a sputtering method.
- size and shape of the 1st electrode 2, the 2nd electrode 4, and the metal oxide layer 3 can be adjusted with a photomask and photolithography.
- the size of the second electrode 4 and the metal oxide layer 3 is 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m (area 0.25 ⁇ m 2 ), and the first electrode 2 and the metal oxide layer 3 are in contact with each other.
- a case where the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is at a predetermined high value (for example, 300 k ⁇ ) is referred to as a high resistance state
- a case where the resistance value is also at a predetermined low value (for example, 12 k ⁇ ) is referred to as a low resistance state.
- a write voltage pulse which is a negative voltage pulse
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is reduced, and the metal oxide layer 3 Changes from a high resistance state to a low resistance state.
- this is referred to as a writing process.
- an erasing voltage pulse which is a positive voltage pulse
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 increases, and the metal oxide Layer 3 changes from a low resistance state to a high resistance state.
- this is referred to as an erasing process.
- the metal oxide layer 3 Layer 3 remains low resistance.
- the metal oxide layer 3 is in a high resistance state, even if a positive voltage pulse having the same polarity as the erase voltage pulse is applied between the first terminal 7 and the second terminal 8, The oxide layer 3 remains unchanged in a high resistance state.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the initial resistance value (a value higher than the resistance value in the “high resistance state” here), as described later, the positive polarity having the same polarity as the erase voltage pulse By applying the voltage pulse between both terminals, the resistance value is decreased.
- the resistance change element 10 operates by repeating the above writing process and erasing process. In some cases, so-called overwrite (overwriting) in which the same writing process or erasing process is continuously performed may be performed.
- an initial process is executed before the first writing process.
- the initial process is a process for realizing a stable resistance changing operation in the subsequent writing process and erasing process.
- the resistance change element 10 immediately after manufacture has an initial resistance value higher than the high resistance state at the time of normal resistance change, and no resistance change occurs even if a write voltage pulse or an erase voltage pulse at the time of normal operation is applied in this state.
- this initial process there are two types of initials, a first initial voltage pulse (high-resistance break) that is a positive voltage pulse and a second initial voltage pulse (low-resistance break) that is a negative voltage pulse.
- a voltage pulse is applied between the first terminal 7 and the second terminal 8 in this order.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 decreases from the initial resistance value to the first resistance value, and then the second initial voltage pulse is applied. Decreases further from the first resistance value to the second resistance value, and thereafter, the resistance change element 10 undergoes a resistance change by applying a write voltage pulse or an erase voltage pulse during normal operation.
- the initial process is performed on the variable resistance element 10 in the initial state after the variable resistance element 10 is manufactured and to which no voltage has been applied yet.
- the voltage value of the first initial voltage pulse at the time of the high-resistance break is VbRH
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the first initial voltage pulse is applied is IbRH
- VbRL is the voltage value of the second initial voltage pulse at the time
- IbLR is the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the second initial voltage pulse is applied
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the write voltage pulse is applied is ILR
- the voltage value of the erase voltage pulse in the erase process (high resistance) is VRH
- FIG. 2 shows the operation of the variable resistance element 10 of the first embodiment described above in a flowchart.
- the initial process is executed (S101).
- a first initial voltage pulse having a voltage value VbRH is applied between the first terminal 7 and the second terminal 8 (S101A).
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 decreases from the initial resistance value R0 to the first resistance value R1.
- the processing in step S101A is referred to as “high resistance break processing”.
- the high resistance breaking process is considered to be a process for smoothly forming the filament later by forming the nucleus of the filament in the metal oxide layer 3.
- a second initial voltage pulse having a voltage value VbRL is applied between the first terminal 7 and the second terminal 8 (S101B).
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 further decreases from the first resistance value R1 to the second resistance value R2.
- the processing in step S101B is referred to as “low resistance break processing”.
- the resistance-reducing break process is considered to be a process for forming a filament having a conductive path in the metal oxide layer 3.
- a high-resistance voltage pulse here, a voltage value VRH is used as an example, but a voltage slightly higher than VHR may be applied
- a high-resistance voltage pulse here, a voltage value VRH is used as an example, but a voltage slightly higher than VHR may be applied
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 increases from the second resistance value R2 to the high resistance value RH.
- the processing in step S101C is referred to as “high resistance processing”.
- the high resistance process is a process for increasing the resistance value by increasing the oxygen concentration in the filament to increase the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 to a high resistance value RH (erased state). is there.
- step S102 is repeated to repeat the writing process and the erasing process. Specifically, the writing process (S102A) using the writing voltage pulse having the voltage value VRL and the erasing process (S102B) using the erasing voltage pulse having the voltage value VRH are repeated.
- step S102A when step S102A is executed, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 changes from the high resistance value RH to the low resistance value RL.
- step S102B is executed, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is low.
- the value RL changes to the high resistance value RH.
- the initial resistance value R0, the first resistance value R1, the second resistance value R2, the high resistance value RH, and the low resistance value RL described above satisfy the relationship of R0> R1 ⁇ RH> R2 ⁇ RL. That is, in the initial process, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is changed from the initial resistance value R0 to the first resistance value R1 that is equal to or higher than the high resistance value RH. Thereafter, the first resistance value R1 is changed to a second resistance value R2 that is smaller than the high resistance value RH and greater than or equal to the low resistance value RL.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration for operating the variable resistance element 10 according to the first embodiment and an exemplary operation when data is written to the variable resistance element 10.
- this circuit includes a resistance change element 10, a second terminal 8, and a first terminal 7.
- the second electrode 4 of the resistance change element 10 is electrically connected to the second terminal 8, and the first electrode 2 is electrically connected to the first terminal 7.
- a transistor 13 is provided between the first electrode 2 of the resistance change element 10 and the first terminal 7. This transistor plays a role of a switching element for selecting a resistance element and a protective resistance.
- FIG. 4A shows the metal oxide layer 3 in the initial process performed before data writing (writing process) and erasing (erasing process) and before the first writing process in the variable resistance element 10 of the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the change of resistance value.
- a positive voltage pulse when a positive voltage pulse is applied, a predetermined positive voltage pulse is applied to the second terminal 8 with reference to the first terminal 7.
- a negative voltage pulse when a negative voltage pulse is applied, a predetermined positive voltage pulse is supplied to the first terminal 7 with reference to the second terminal 8.
- the positive first voltage pulse (voltage value VbRH) is generated at the second terminal 8
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 decreases from the initial resistance value R0 to the first resistance value R1 (high resistance breaking process).
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer in the high resistance breaking process is IbRH.
- a negative second initial voltage pulse (voltage value VbRL) is supplied between the second terminal 8 and the first terminal 7, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is determined from the first resistance value R1. It further decreases to the second resistance value R2 (low resistance break process).
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer in this low resistance breaking process is IbLH.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is as shown in FIG. 4A. Decreases from the high resistance value RH to the low resistance value RL (first writing). As a result, 1-bit data representing “1” is written. The maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer at the time of writing is ILR.
- a positive erase voltage pulse (voltage value VRH) is supplied between the second terminal 8 and the first terminal 7, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is changed from the low resistance value RL to the high resistance value RH. (The first erase). As a result, 1-bit data representing “0” is written.
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer at the time of erasing is IRH.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 has the highest initial resistance value R0, and the high resistance value RH is higher than the low resistance value RL. Therefore, the relationship of R0> RH> RL is established.
- R0> R1 ⁇ RH> since the first resistance value R1 in the initial process is equal to or higher than the high resistance value RH and the second resistance value R2 is equal to or higher than the low resistance value RL, R0> R1 ⁇ RH>. The relationship of R2 ⁇ RL is established.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is supplied when a negative-polarity write voltage pulse (voltage value VRL) is supplied to the second terminal 8. Changes from the high resistance value RH to the low resistance value RL.
- a negative-polarity write voltage pulse voltage value VRL
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the low resistance value RL
- a positive erase voltage pulse is supplied to the second terminal 8
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3. Changes from a low resistance value RL to a high resistance value RH.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a circuit configuration for operating the variable resistance element 10 according to the first embodiment, and is a diagram illustrating an exemplary operation when data written in the variable resistance element 10 is read.
- a read voltage is supplied to the second terminal 8 with the first terminal 7 as a reference. This read voltage is a value that does not change the resistance even if it is supplied to the resistance change element 10, and is specified with reference to the first electrode 2 and the ground point.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the current value of the current flowing through the circuit including the resistance change element 10 according to the first embodiment and the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 when reading data.
- a current corresponding to the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 flows through the circuit. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the metal oxide layer 3 has a low resistance value RL, a current having a current value Ia flows through the circuit, and when the metal oxide layer 3 has a high resistance value RH, a current having a current value Ib flows through the circuit. .
- the current value of the current flowing between the second terminal 8 and the first terminal 7 is detected.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is high or low.
- the detected current value is Ia
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the low resistance value RL.
- the data written in the resistance change element 10 is “1”.
- the detected current value is Ib
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the high resistance value RH.
- the data written in the variable resistance element 10 is “0”. In this way, the data written in the variable resistance element 10 is read.
- the resistance change element 10 of the present embodiment does not change its resistance value even when the power is turned off. Therefore, a nonvolatile memory device can be realized by using the variable resistance element 10.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a change in the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 when the voltage value of the voltage pulse applied to the resistance change element 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. It is a graph to show.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 remained at the initial resistance value R0 until the voltage value of the voltage pulse reached 0 to VbRH0, and became VbRH0. Sometimes it decreases rapidly, and when it is VbRH, it becomes the first resistance value R1. The decrease in the resistance value from R0 to R1 is presumed to be due to the formation of a nucleus of a filament having a conductive path in the metal oxide layer 3. Thereafter, even if the voltage value of the voltage pulse is lowered from VbRH to 0 V, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is maintained at approximately R1.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 maintains a value in the vicinity of the first resistance value R1 until the voltage value of the voltage pulse reaches from 0 V to VbRL0. And when it becomes VbRL0, it decreases rapidly, and when it is VbRL, it becomes the second resistance value R2.
- the decrease in the resistance value from R1 to R2 is presumed to be due to the formation of a filament having a conductive path in the metal oxide layer 3.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 maintains a value in the vicinity of the second resistance value R2. And when it becomes VRH0, it increases rapidly, and when it is VRH, it becomes a high resistance value RH. It is presumed that the increase in the resistance value from R2 to RH is due to the increase in the oxygen concentration in the filament in the metal oxide layer 3 and the decrease in the number of conductive paths. Thereafter, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 maintains a value in the vicinity of the high resistance value RH until the voltage value of the voltage pulse reaches about 0V.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 maintains a value in the vicinity of the high resistance value RH until the voltage value of the voltage pulse reaches from 0 V to VRL0.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 substantially maintains the value of the low resistance value RL until the voltage reaches VRL0.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 maintains a value in the vicinity of the low resistance value RL.
- it becomes VRH0 it increases rapidly, and when it is VRH, it becomes a high resistance value RH.
- the state in which the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 assumes the low resistance value RL and the high resistance value RH is repeated.
- the first initial voltage pulse (voltage value VbRH) is also changed to the second resistance value R2.
- the second initial voltage pulse (voltage value VbRL)
- the erase voltage pulse (voltage value VRH) is supplied to each of the resistance change elements 10.
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the first initial voltage pulse is applied (current value at which the resistance value becomes R1) is IbRH, and the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the second initial voltage pulse is applied
- the value (current value at which the resistance value becomes R2) is IbLR
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the erase voltage pulse is applied (current value at which the resistance value becomes RH) is IHR
- the maximum value of current flowing through the layer (current value at which the resistance value becomes RL) is ILR
- the maximum value of current flowing through each metal oxide layer is
- is set to satisfy.
- the resistance value of the resistance change element after writing is a high resistance value or a low resistance value.
- a phenomenon that deviates from the value initially set as the value may occur.
- this phenomenon is referred to as “resistance value fluctuation”.
- the degree of variation of the resistance value can be expressed by a resistance variation rate described below.
- FIG. 8 is a graph for explaining the concept of the resistance fluctuation rate.
- the change in the current value detected when the read voltage is applied to the variable resistance element that is in the low resistance state by the write voltage pulse is shown, and the vertical axis indicates the current value, The horizontal axis indicates the number of readings.
- RLset in FIG. 8 indicates the resistance value initially set as the low resistance value RL as the resistance value of the resistance change element (that is, the resistance value of the resistance change element after the first writing), and is detected at the time of reading.
- the current value is Irl0.
- RLmax indicates the maximum resistance value when the variable resistance element is in the low resistance state, and the current value detected at the time of reading is Irl2.
- RLmin indicates the minimum resistance value when the variable resistance element is in the low resistance state, and the current value detected at the time of reading is Irl1.
- RL fluctuation rate (%) (RLmax ⁇ RLmin) / RLset ⁇ 100 Equation 1
- the resistance fluctuation rate in the high resistance state can also be defined in the same manner as the above RL fluctuation rate.
- FIG. 9A is a graph showing the above results as the relationship between VRL and RL fluctuation rate.
- the set RL current value indicates a read current value when writing is performed on a 25-bit element. Note that the voltage value of each voltage pulse in the initial process is the same as in the case of FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- the size of the region (filament) where the resistance change occurs depends on the break voltage. That is, when the break voltage is large, the filament diameter is large, and when the break voltage is small, the filament diameter is small. There is a defect in the filament, and when a voltage is applied to the resistance change element after the break, oxygen enters the defect or oxygen comes out of the defect and the resistance value changes.
- the size of the filament diameter is the same, if the voltage applied to change the resistance after the break is small, the density of defects generated in the filament decreases in the low resistance state and increases in the high resistance state. In the low resistance state, a conductive path is formed by arranging the defects in a line and the resistance value is reduced.
- the conductive path is easily absent. It is easy to increase the resistance value.
- the fluctuation of the resistance value in the low resistance state is considered to be caused by such a mechanism. Therefore, when the filament diameter size is the same, the greater the voltage applied to change the resistance after the break, the greater the density of defects generated in the filament in the low resistance state, and the smaller number of defects disappeared.
- the conductive path is less likely to be absent, and the resistance value in the low resistance state is less likely to change. Therefore, the possibility that the resistance value fluctuates can be reduced by making the voltage applied for resistance change larger than the break voltage.
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2010/038442
- Patent Document 4 International Publication No. 2010/0211314
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-233211
- the maximum value (IRH) of the current flowing through the metal oxide when the erase voltage pulse is applied is the current value when the low resistance state starts to change to the high resistance state or the current value after the change to the high resistance state. Either. Which is the maximum value depends on the magnitude of the erase voltage.
- the current value at which the low resistance state starts to change to the high resistance state is equal to or slightly larger than the IRL.
- the current value after changing to the high resistance state is the current value that flows when the erase voltage is applied.
- the current-voltage characteristic (IV characteristic) of an element is generally non-linear. The erase voltage is larger than the read voltage. Therefore, even in an element in a high resistance state, a relatively large current can flow by applying an erase voltage. According to the above examination, if
- the voltage value of the initial voltage pulse is VbRL
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the initial voltage pulse is applied is IbLR
- the voltage value of the write voltage pulse in the writing process (reducing resistance) is VRL.
- ILR the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer when the write voltage pulse is applied
- may be satisfied.
- a stable resistance change operation can be realized by satisfying this relationship.
- the first modification of the operation can omit the process of applying a positive voltage pulse (high-resistance break), so that the initial process can be simplified.
- FIG. 4B shows a case where data is written to the variable resistance element 10 according to the first modification of the first embodiment (writing process), a case where data is erased (erasing process), and an initial process performed before the first writing process. It is a figure which shows the change of the resistance value of the metal oxide layer.
- writing process the erasing process, and the initial process, as shown in FIG. 4B, when a positive voltage pulse is applied, a predetermined positive voltage pulse is applied to the second terminal 8 with reference to the first terminal 7.
- a negative voltage pulse is applied, a predetermined positive voltage pulse is supplied to the first terminal 7 with reference to the second terminal 8.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 When the resistance change element 10 is in the initial state (when the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the initial resistance value R0), the negative initial voltage pulse (voltage value VbRL) is the second terminal 8 and the first terminal 7. 4B, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 further decreases from the initial resistance value R0 to another resistance value (hereinafter referred to as the second resistance value) R2 ( Low resistance break treatment).
- the maximum value of the current flowing through the metal oxide layer in this low resistance breaking process is IbRL.
- a positive erase voltage pulse voltage value VRH
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is increased from the second resistance value R2 to the high resistance value RH. To increase (high resistance treatment). This completes the initial process.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 has the highest initial resistance value R0, and the high resistance value RH is higher than the low resistance value RL. Therefore, the relationship of R0> RH> RL is established. In the present embodiment, since the second resistance value R2 is equal to or higher than the low resistance value RL, the relationship R0> RH> R2 ⁇ RL is established.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is supplied when a negative-polarity write voltage pulse (voltage value VRL) is supplied to the second terminal 8. Changes from the high resistance value RH to the low resistance value RL.
- a negative-polarity write voltage pulse voltage value VRL
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the low resistance value RL
- a positive erase voltage pulse is supplied to the second terminal 8
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3. Changes from a low resistance value RL to a high resistance value RH.
- variable resistance element 10 functions as a memory that operates stably at high speed. become.
- the voltage value VRL of the write voltage pulse is a constant value, but is changed as appropriate within the range of
- the VRL is increased and the IRL is increased as the number of write operations is increased will be described.
- FIG. 12A is a graph showing the relationship between the RL fluctuation rate and the set RL current value when the number of times of writing is from the 0th to the 100th
- FIGS. 12B to 12D are after 1E5 cycles (the number of times of writing is a graph showing the relationship between the RL variation rate and the set RL current value at 10 from the 5th up to 10 5 +100 th).
- the RL fluctuation rate is low at 10% or less at any set RL current value from the 0th to the 100th write, but after 1E5 cycles Then, the RL fluctuation rate is increasing rapidly.
- the RL fluctuation rate increases.
- the RL fluctuation rate can be reduced by increasing the IRL. Therefore, a good endurance characteristic can be realized by increasing the IRL within the range of
- the above operation can be associated with the verify operation.
- the verify operation when data is written to the variable resistance element, the data held by the variable resistance element is read for confirmation, and the read data is written. This is an operation of comparing data and writing again when they are different.
- a threshold value for example, 100
- VRL is set to a higher value in the writing process executed thereafter. Set. Thereby, a good endurance characteristic can be realized.
- the IRL may be kept as low as possible.
- the second embodiment is a one-transistor / 1 non-volatile memory unit type (1T1R type) non-volatile memory device configured using the variable resistance element described in the first embodiment.
- the configuration and operation of this nonvolatile memory device will be described below.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of the nonvolatile memory device according to the second embodiment.
- a 1T1R type nonvolatile memory device 100 includes a memory main body 101 on a semiconductor substrate, and the memory main body 101 includes a resistance change element and an access transistor (current control element). And a voltage application circuit.
- the voltage application circuit detects, for example, the row selection circuit / driver 103, the column selection circuit 104, the write circuit 105 for writing information, the amount of current flowing through the selected bit line, and the binary data Sense amplifier 106 that determines which data is stored, and data input / output circuit 107 that performs input / output processing of input / output data via terminal DQ.
- the nonvolatile memory device 100 also includes a cell plate power supply (VCP power supply) 108, an address input circuit 109 that receives an address signal input from the outside, and a control signal input from the outside. And a control circuit 110 for controlling the operation.
- VCP power supply cell plate power supply
- the memory array 102 includes a plurality of word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,... And bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,... , WL1, WL2,... And bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,... And a plurality of access transistors T11, T12, T13, T21, T22, T23, T31, T32, T33,. (Hereinafter referred to as “access transistors T11, T12,...”) And a plurality of memory cells M111, M112, M113, M121, M122, M123, M131, M132 provided one-to-one with the access transistors T11, T12,. , M133 (hereinafter referred to as “memory cells M111, M112,...”). There.
- the memory cells M111, M112,... Correspond to the resistance change element 10 of the first embodiment.
- the memory array 102 includes a plurality of plate lines PL0, PL1, PL2,... Arranged in parallel with the word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,.
- the drains of the access transistors T11, T12, T13, ... are on the bit line BL0, the drains of the access transistors T21, T22, T23, ... are on the bit line BL1, and the drains of the access transistors T31, T32, T33, ... are on the bit line BL2. , Each connected.
- the gates of the access transistors T11, T21, T31,... are on the word line WL0, the gates of the access transistors T12, T22, T32, ... are on the word line WL1, and the gates of the access transistors T13, T23, T33,. Each is connected to WL2.
- the sources of the access transistors T11, T12,... are connected to the memory cells M111, M112,.
- the memory cells M111, M121, M131,... are connected to the plate line PL0
- the memory cells M112, M122, M132,... are connected to the plate line PL1
- the address input circuit 109 receives an address signal from an external circuit (not shown), outputs a row address signal to the row selection circuit / driver 103 based on the address signal, and outputs a column address signal to the column selection circuit 104.
- the address signal is a signal indicating the address of a specific memory cell selected from among the plurality of memory cells M111, M112,.
- the row address signal is a signal indicating a row address among the addresses indicated by the address signal
- the column address signal is a signal indicating a column address among the addresses indicated by the address signal.
- the control circuit 110 applies the first initial voltage pulse, the second initial voltage pulse, and the erase voltage pulse to the memory cells M111, M112,. Is output to the write circuit 105.
- the write circuit 105 instructs to apply the first initial voltage pulse, the second initial voltage pulse, and the erase voltage pulse to all the bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,.
- the column selection circuit 104 applies the first initial voltage pulse, the second initial voltage pulse, and the erase voltage pulse to all the bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,.
- the row selection circuit / driver 103 applies a predetermined voltage to all the word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,.
- the initial process is completed.
- the control circuit 110 instructs the application of the write voltage pulse or the erase voltage pulse in accordance with the input data Din input to the data input / output circuit 107.
- a signal is output to the writing circuit 105.
- the control circuit 110 outputs a read signal for instructing application of the read voltage pulse to the column selection circuit 104.
- the row selection circuit / driver 103 receives the row address signal output from the address input circuit 109, selects one of the plurality of word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,... According to the row address signal, A predetermined voltage is applied to the selected word line.
- the column selection circuit 104 receives the column address signal output from the address input circuit 109, selects one of the plurality of bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,... According to the column address signal, A write voltage pulse, an erase voltage pulse, or a read voltage pulse is applied to the selected bit line.
- the write circuit 105 When the write circuit 105 receives the write signal output from the control circuit 110, the write circuit 105 outputs a signal instructing the column selection circuit 104 to apply the write voltage pulse or the erase voltage pulse to the selected bit line. .
- the sense amplifier 106 detects the amount of current flowing through the selected bit line to be read and discriminates stored data.
- the resistance states of the memory cells M111, M112,... are set to two states, high and low, and these states and data are associated with each other. Therefore, the sense amplifier 106 determines which state the resistance state of the resistance change layer of the selected memory cell is in, and determines which of the binary data is stored accordingly. To do.
- the output data DO obtained as a result is output to an external circuit via the data input / output circuit 107.
- the nonvolatile memory device 100 can suppress resistance fluctuation.
- the third embodiment is a cross-point type nonvolatile memory device configured using the variable resistance element described in the first embodiment. The configuration and operation of this nonvolatile memory device will be described below.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of the nonvolatile memory device according to the third embodiment.
- the nonvolatile memory device 200 includes a memory main body 201 on a semiconductor substrate.
- the memory main body 201 includes a memory array 202 and a row selection circuit / driver. 203, a column selection circuit / driver 204, a write circuit 205 for writing information, and the amount of current flowing through the selected bit line is detected, and which of the four data is stored
- a sense amplifier 206 that performs discrimination and a data input / output circuit 207 that performs input / output processing of input / output data via a terminal DQ are provided.
- the nonvolatile memory device 200 further includes an address input circuit 208 that receives an address signal input from the outside, and a control circuit 209 that controls the operation of the memory body 201 based on the control signal input from the outside. I have.
- the memory array 202 has a plurality of word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,... Formed in parallel to each other on a semiconductor substrate, and is parallel to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate above these word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,.
- a plurality of memory cells M211, M212, M213, M221, M222, M223 provided in a matrix corresponding to the intersections of these word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,... And bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,. , M231, M232, M123,... (Hereinafter referred to as “memory cells M211, M212,...”) are provided.
- the memory cells M211, M212,... are configured by an element corresponding to the resistance change element 10 of the first embodiment, an MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) diode, an MSM (Metal-Semiconductor-Metal) diode, or the like. Connected to the current control element.
- the address input circuit 208 receives an address signal from an external circuit (not shown), outputs a row address signal to the row selection circuit / driver 203 based on the address signal, and outputs a column address signal to the column selection circuit / driver 204. Output to.
- the address signal is a signal indicating the address of a specific memory cell selected from among the plurality of memory cells M211, M212,.
- the row address signal is a signal indicating a row address among the addresses indicated by the address signal, and the column address signal is also a signal indicating a column address.
- the control circuit 209 applies the first initial voltage pulse, the second initial voltage pulse, and the erase voltage pulse to the memory cells M211, M212,. Is output to the writing circuit 205.
- the write circuit 105 receives this write signal, the write circuit 105 outputs to the row selection circuit / driver 203 a signal instructing application of a predetermined voltage to all the word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,.
- the column selection circuit / driver 204 is instructed to apply the first initial voltage pulse, the second initial voltage pulse, and the erase voltage pulse to all the bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,. Output.
- the initial process is completed. Thereafter, the control circuit 209 writes a write signal for instructing application of a write voltage pulse or an erase voltage pulse in accordance with the input data Din input to the data input / output circuit 207 in the data write process (step S102 in FIG. 2). Is output to the writing circuit 205. On the other hand, in the data read process, the control circuit 209 outputs a read signal instructing application of the read voltage pulse to the column selection circuit / driver 204.
- the row selection circuit / driver 203 receives the row address signal output from the address input circuit 208, selects one of the plurality of word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,... According to the row address signal, A predetermined voltage is applied to the selected word line.
- the column selection circuit / driver 204 receives the column address signal output from the address input circuit 208, and selects one of the plurality of bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,... According to the column address signal. Then, a write voltage pulse, an erase voltage pulse, or a read voltage pulse is applied to the selected bit line.
- the write circuit 205 When the write circuit 205 receives the write signal output from the control circuit 209, the write circuit 205 outputs a signal instructing the row selection circuit / driver 203 to apply a voltage to the selected word line, and the column selection circuit / A signal for instructing the driver 204 to apply a write voltage pulse or an erase voltage pulse to the selected bit line is output.
- the sense amplifier 206 detects the amount of current flowing through the selected bit line to be read and discriminates the stored data.
- the resistance states of the memory cells M211, M212,... are set to two states of high and low, and these states and data are associated with each other. Therefore, the sense amplifier 206 determines which state the resistance state of the resistance change layer of the selected memory cell is in, and accordingly determines which of the binary data is stored. To do.
- the output data DO obtained as a result is output to an external circuit via the data input / output circuit 207.
- the nonvolatile memory device 200 can suppress resistance variation.
- a non-volatile memory device having a multilayer structure can be realized by stacking the memory arrays in the non-volatile memory device according to this embodiment shown in FIG. 14 three-dimensionally.
- the driving method of the resistance change element according to the fourth embodiment is based on the voltage pulse applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, which is interposed between the first electrode, the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the metal oxide layer is connected to a first oxide region connected to the first electrode and to the second electrode.
- a writing process in which the resistance state of the metal oxide layer is changed from high to low to make a writing state, and an erasing voltage pulse having a second polarity different from the first polarity is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a first initial voltage pulse of the second polarity is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby setting the resistance value of the metal oxide layer to the initial state.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer is changed from the first resistance value to the first resistance value, and then the second initial voltage pulse having the first polarity is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- An initial process of changing from a resistance value to a second resistance value wherein the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer is R0, the resistance value in the write state is RL, the resistance value in the erased state is RH, The resistance value is R1, the second resistance value is R2, the voltage value of the first initial voltage pulse is VbRH, the voltage value of the second initial voltage pulse is VbRL, the voltage value of the write voltage pulse is VRL, and the erase voltage
- the voltage value of the pulse is VRH, 0> is R1 ⁇ RH> R2 ⁇ RL,
- the voltage value VRL of the write voltage pulse may be
- the metal oxide may be any one of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- the first oxide region includes an oxide having a composition represented by TaO x (where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.9), and the second oxide region is An oxide having a composition represented by TaOy (where 2.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5) may be included.
- the voltage value of the write voltage pulse may be increased in the write process after the write process is repeatedly executed compared to the previous write process.
- the above driving method further includes a verification process for verifying the resistance state of the metal oxide after the writing process, and executing the writing process again when the writing state is not realized as a result of the verification, and the verification process includes a plurality of verification processes.
- the voltage value of the writing voltage pulse may be increased as compared with the case of the previous writing process.
- the nonvolatile memory device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a voltage pulse that is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- a resistance change element including a metal oxide layer whose resistance value changes, and a voltage pulse application circuit that applies a predetermined voltage pulse to the resistance change element, the metal oxide layer being connected to the first electrode A first oxide region, and a second oxide region connected to the second electrode and having a higher oxygen content than the first oxide region, and the voltage pulse applying circuit includes the first oxide region
- the resistance state of the metal oxide layer is changed from high to low to change to the write state, and the second polarity is different from the first polarity.
- Gold is applied by applying an erase voltage pulse between the first and second electrodes.
- a first initial voltage pulse of the second polarity between the first electrode and the second electrode before changing to the erase state by changing the resistance state of the oxide layer from low to high and entering the write state.
- a second initial voltage pulse of the first polarity between the first electrode and the second electrode By changing the resistance value of the metal oxide layer from the initial resistance value to the first resistance value, and then applying a second initial voltage pulse of the first polarity between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the resistance value of the oxide layer is changed from the first resistance value to the second resistance value.
- the resistance value in the initial state of the metal oxide layer is R0
- the resistance value in the write state is RL
- the erase value is in the erased state.
- the resistance value is RH
- the first resistance value is R1
- the second resistance value is R2
- the voltage value of the first initial voltage pulse is VbRH
- the voltage value of the second initial voltage pulse is VbRL
- the write voltage pulse The voltage value is VRL and the erase voltage pulse
- the voltage value VRL of the write voltage pulse may be
- the metal oxide may be any one of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
- the first oxide region includes an oxide having a composition represented by TaO x (where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.9), and the second oxide region May include an oxide having a composition represented by TaOy (where 2.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5).
- the voltage pulse application circuit when the voltage pulse application circuit repeatedly applies the write voltage pulse and then applies the write voltage pulse, the write voltage pulse having a higher voltage value than the already applied write voltage pulse. May be applied.
- the nonvolatile memory device further includes verification means for verifying the resistance state of the metal oxide after the write voltage pulse is applied, and the voltage pulse application circuit has not realized the write state as a result of verification by the verification means.
- the write voltage pulse is reapplied, and when the write voltage pulse is applied after the reapplying is executed a plurality of times, the write voltage pulse is higher than the already applied write voltage pulse. It may be configured to apply a write voltage pulse of a voltage value.
- the nonvolatile memory device may further include a current control element electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode.
- the current control element may be a transistor or a diode.
- variable resistance element Since the configuration of the variable resistance element according to the fourth embodiment can be the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the voltage value of the first initial voltage pulse at the time of the high resistance break is set to VbRH
- the voltage value of the second initial voltage pulse at the time of the low resistance break is set to VbRL
- is satisfied.
- FIG. 15 shows the metal oxide layer 3 in the initial process performed before data writing (writing process) and erasing (erasing process) and before the first writing process in the variable resistance element 10 of the fourth embodiment. It is a figure which shows the change of resistance value.
- a positive voltage pulse when a positive voltage pulse is applied, a predetermined positive voltage pulse is applied to the second terminal 8 with reference to the first terminal 7.
- a negative voltage pulse when a negative voltage pulse is applied, a predetermined positive voltage pulse is supplied to the first terminal 7 with reference to the second terminal 8.
- variable resistance element 10 When the variable resistance element 10 is in the initial state (when the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the initial resistance value R0), the positive first voltage pulse (voltage value VbRH) is generated at the second terminal 8, When supplied between the terminals 7, as shown in FIG. 15, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 decreases from the initial resistance value R0 to the first resistance value R1 (high resistance breaking process). Next, when a negative second initial voltage pulse (voltage value VbRL) is supplied between the second terminal 8 and the first terminal 7, the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is determined from the first resistance value R1. It further decreases to the second resistance value R2 (low resistance break process).
- VbRL negative second initial voltage pulse
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 has the highest initial resistance value R0, and the high resistance value RH is higher than the low resistance value RL. Therefore, the relationship of R0> RH> RL is established.
- R0> R1 ⁇ RH> since the first resistance value R1 in the initial process is equal to or higher than the high resistance value RH and the second resistance value R2 is equal to or higher than the low resistance value RL, R0> R1 ⁇ RH>. The relationship of R2 ⁇ RL is established.
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is supplied when a negative-polarity write voltage pulse (voltage value VRL) is supplied to the second terminal 8. Changes from the high resistance value RH to the low resistance value RL.
- a negative-polarity write voltage pulse voltage value VRL
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3 is the low resistance value RL
- a positive erase voltage pulse is supplied to the second terminal 8
- the resistance value of the metal oxide layer 3. Changes from a low resistance value RL to a high resistance value RH.
- the voltage pulse is applied to the second terminal 8 so as to satisfy
- variable resistance element according to the fourth embodiment includes those described in the first embodiment with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8. This can be the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an evaluation of an RL variation rate when a write voltage pulse (VRL) and an erase voltage pulse (VRLH) are changed in the resistance change element that has been subjected to the test.
- the symbol “ ⁇ ” represents that the RL variation rate is 5% or less
- the symbol “x” represents the case where the RL variation rate exceeds 5%.
- the evaluation of the definitive RL variation rate from 0-th write number in the column of "Initial” in FIG. 16A to 100th is, write count in the column of "1E5 after cycle” from 10 5 th to 10 5 +100 th
- the evaluation of the RL fluctuation rate is shown respectively.
- the 1E5 cycle is that of 10 5 cycles.
- FIG. 16A is a graph showing the above results as the relationship between VRL and RL fluctuation rate.
- the set RL current value indicates a read current value when writing is performed on a 25-bit element.
- the voltage value of each voltage pulse in the initial process is the same as in the case of FIGS. 16A and 16B.
- the RL fluctuation rate is high in almost all set RL current values, such as the RL fluctuation rate may exceed 10% depending on the set RL current value.
- VLR ⁇ 2.0 V
- the LR fluctuation rate is a low value of 5% or less for any set RL current value.
- the voltage value VRL of the write voltage pulse is a constant value, but is changed as appropriate within the range of
- an operation example in which the VRL is increased as the number of writings is increased will be described.
- Figure 19A is a graph showing the relationship between the RL variation rate the number of writes definitive from 0-th to 100 th and the set RL current value
- FIG. 19B to FIG. 19D after 1E5 cycles (number of writes 10 5 th)
- the RL fluctuation rate is low at 10% or less at any set RL current value from the 0th to the 100th writing, whereas the RL fluctuation rate after 1E5 cycles. Is increasing rapidly.
- the RL fluctuation rate increases.
- the RL fluctuation rate can be reduced by increasing the VRL. Therefore, a good endurance characteristic can be realized by increasing the VRL within the range of
- the above operation can be associated with the verify operation.
- the verify operation when data is written to the variable resistance element, the data held by the variable resistance element is read for confirmation, and the read data is written. This is an operation of comparing data and writing again when they are different.
- a threshold value for example, 100
- VRL is set to a higher value in the writing process executed thereafter. Set. Thereby, a good endurance characteristic can be realized.
- Embodiment 4 the same modification as in the first embodiment is possible. You may combine Embodiment 4 and its modification with either Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3.
- the metal oxide layer has a laminated structure of tantalum oxide.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a laminated structure of transition metal oxide.
- a stacked structure of hafnium (Hf) oxide or a stacked structure of zirconium (Zr) oxide may be used.
- x is about 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6.
- y may be about 1.9 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.0, and the film thickness of the second hafnium oxide may be 3 nm or more and 4 nm or less.
- the first hafnium oxide layer is formed on the first electrode 2 by a so-called reactive sputtering method using an Hf target and sputtering in argon gas and oxygen gas.
- the second hafnium oxide layer can be formed by exposing the surface of the first hafnium oxide layer to plasma of argon gas and oxygen gas after forming the first hafnium oxide layer.
- the oxygen content of the first hafnium oxide layer can be easily adjusted by changing the flow ratio of oxygen gas to argon gas during reactive sputtering.
- the substrate temperature can be set to room temperature without any particular heating.
- x is 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4.
- the y may be about 1.8 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.0, and the thickness of the second zirconium oxide may be 1 nm or more and 5 nm or less.
- a first zirconium oxide layer is formed on the first electrode 2 by a so-called reactive sputtering method using a Zr target and sputtering in argon gas and oxygen gas.
- the second zirconium oxide layer can be formed by exposing the surface of the first zirconium oxide layer to plasma of Ar gas and O 2 gas after forming the first zirconium oxide layer.
- the oxygen content of the first zirconium oxide layer can be easily adjusted by changing the flow ratio of oxygen gas to argon gas during reactive sputtering.
- the substrate temperature can be set to room temperature without any particular heating.
- variable resistance element driving method and the nonvolatile memory device of the present invention are useful as a variable resistance element driving method and a storage device used in various electronic devices such as a personal computer or a portable phone, respectively.
- Nonvolatile Volatile storage device 101 memory main body 102 memory array 103 row selection circuit / driver 104 column selection circuit 105 write circuit 106 sense amplifier 107 data input / output circuit 108 power supply 109 address input circuit 110 control circuit 200 nonvolatile storage device 201 memory main body 202 Memory array 203 Row selection circuit / driver 204 Column selection circuit / driver 205 Write circuit 206 Sense amplifier 207 Data input / output circuit 208 Address input circuit 209 Control circuit
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
実施の形態1の抵抗変化素子の駆動方法は、第1電極と、第2電極と、第1電極及び第2電極間に介在し、第1電極及び第2電極間に印加される電圧パルスに応じて抵抗値が変化する金属酸化物層とを備える抵抗変化素子を駆動する駆動方法において、金属酸化物層は、第1電極に接続される第1の酸化物領域と、第2電極に接続され、第1の酸化物領域よりも酸素含有率が高い第2の酸化物領域とを有しており、第1の極性の書き込み電圧パルスを第1電極及び第2電極間に印加することにより金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を高から低へ変化させて書き込み状態にする書き込み過程と、第1の極性とは異なる第2の極性の消去電圧パルスを第1電極及び第2電極間に印加することにより金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を低から高へ変化させて消去状態にする消去過程と、第1回目の書き込み過程の前に、第1の極性の初期電圧パルスを第1電極及び第2電極間に印加することにより金属酸化物層の抵抗値を金属酸化物層の初期状態の抵抗値から他の抵抗値へ変化させる初期過程と、を有し、金属酸化物層の初期状態における抵抗値をR0、書き込み状態における抵抗値をRL、消去状態における抵抗値をRH、他の抵抗値をR2とし、初期電圧パルス印加時に金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbRL、書き込み電圧パルス印加時に金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRL、消去電圧パルス印加時に金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRHとした場合に、R0>RH>R2≧RLであり、|IRL|>|IbRL|を満たす。
まず、実施の形態1の抵抗変化素子の構成の一例について説明する。
次に、抵抗変化素子10の製造方法の一例について説明する。
次に、上述した製造方法により得られた抵抗変化素子10の動作について説明する。
抵抗変化素子において抵抗変化動作が相当回数繰り返し実行された後、さらに書き込み電圧パルス又は消去電圧パルスによりデータの書き込みを行った場合、書き込み後の抵抗変化素子の抵抗値が、高抵抗値又は低抵抗値として当初設定されていた値から乖離する現象が起きることがある。これ以降ではこの現象を「抵抗値の変動」と称する。この抵抗値の変動の程度は、次に説明する抵抗変動率で表すことができる。
なお、高抵抗状態における抵抗変動率についても、上記のRL変動率と同様にして定義することができる。
本実施の形態1では、第1回目の書き込み過程の前の初期過程として、正極性の電圧パルスである第1の初期電圧パルス(高抵抗化ブレイク)及び負極性の電圧パルスである第2の初期電圧パルス(低抵抗化ブレイク)の2種類の初期電圧パルスをこの順に第1端子7及び第2端子8間に印加する例を示した。本変形例では、例えば第2タンタル酸化物層3bの厚みが薄い場合等において、初期過程において正極性の電圧パルスを印加せず、負極性の電圧パルスを初期電圧パルスとして印加する(低抵抗化ブレイク処理)。また、初期過程においては、負極性の初期電圧パルスを印加した後に、高抵抗化処理を行なってもよい。そのような場合は、初期電圧パルスの電圧値をVbRL、初期電圧パルス印加時に金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbLRとし、書き込み過程(低抵抗化)における書き込み電圧パルスの電圧値をVRL、書き込み電圧パルス印加時に金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をILRとした場合に、|IRL|>|IbRL|を満たすようにしてもよい。そして、この関係を満たすことにより安定した抵抗変化動作を実現することができる。本動作変形例1は、上記実施の形態1に比べて、正極性の電圧パルス(高抵抗化ブレイク)を印加する処理を省略できるため、初期過程を簡略化できる。
上述した本実施の形態の抵抗変化素子の動作では、書き込み電圧パルスの電圧値VRLは一定の値であったが、|IbRH|>|IRL|>|IbRL|の範囲内で適宜変更するようにしてもよい。以下では、書き込み回数の増加に伴ってVRLを増加させ、IRLを増加させる動作例について説明する。
実施の形態2は、実施の形態1において説明した抵抗変化素子を用いて構成される、1トランジスタ/1不揮発性記憶部型(1T1R型)の不揮発性記憶装置である。以下、この不揮発性記憶装置の構成及び動作について説明する。
図13は、実施の形態2の不揮発性記憶装置の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図13に示すように、1T1R型の不揮発性記憶装置100は、半導体基板上にメモリ本体部101を備えており、このメモリ本体部101は、抵抗変化素子及びアクセストランジスタ(電流制御素子)を具備するメモリアレイ102と、電圧印加回路とを備える。電圧印加回路は、例えば、行選択回路/ドライバ103と、列選択回路104と、情報の書き込みを行うための書込み回路105と、選択ビット線に流れる電流量を検出し、2値のデータのうちの何れのデータが記憶されているかの判定を行うセンスアンプ106と、端子DQを介して入出力データの入出力処理を行うデータ入出力回路107と、を具備している。
実施の形態3は、実施の形態1において説明した抵抗変化素子を用いて構成される、クロスポイント型の不揮発性記憶装置である。以下、この不揮発性記憶装置の構成及び動作について説明する。
図14は、実施の形態3の不揮発性記憶装置の構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図14に示すように、本実施の形態に係る不揮発性記憶装置200は、半導体基板上にメモリ本体部201を備えており、このメモリ本体部201は、メモリアレイ202と、行選択回路/ドライバ203と、列選択回路/ドライバ204と、情報の書き込みを行うための書込み回路205と、選択ビット線に流れる電流量を検出し、4値のデータのうちの何れのデータが記憶されているかの判別を行うセンスアンプ206と、端子DQを介して入出力データの入出力処理を行うデータ入出力回路207とを具備している。
(実施の形態4)
実施の形態4の抵抗変化素子の駆動方法は、第1電極と、第2電極と、第1電極及び第2電極間に介在し、第1電極及び第2電極間に印加される電圧パルスに応じて抵抗値が変化する金属酸化物層とを備える抵抗変化素子を駆動する駆動方法において、金属酸化物層は、第1電極に接続される第1の酸化物領域と、第2電極に接続され、第1の酸化物領域よりも酸素含有率が高い第2の酸化物領域とを有しており、第1の極性の書き込み電圧パルスを第1電極及び第2電極間に印加することにより金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を高から低へ変化させて書き込み状態にする書き込み過程と、第1の極性とは異なる第2の極性の消去電圧パルスを第1電極及び第2電極間に印加することにより金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を低から高へ変化させて消去状態にする消去過程と、第1回目の書き込み過程の前に、第2の極性の第1の初期電圧パルスを第1電極及び第2電極間に印加することにより金属酸化物層の抵抗値を初期状態の抵抗値から第1の抵抗値へ変化させ、その後第1の極性の第2の初期電圧パルスを第1電極及び第2電極間に印加することにより金属酸化物層の抵抗値を第1の抵抗値から第2の抵抗値へ変化させる初期過程と、を有し、金属酸化物層の初期状態における抵抗値をR0、書き込み状態における抵抗値をRL、消去状態における抵抗値をRH、第1の抵抗値をR1、第2の抵抗値をR2とし、第1の初期電圧パルスの電圧値をVbRH、第2の初期電圧パルスの電圧値をVbRL、書き込み電圧パルスの電圧値をVRL、消去電圧パルスの電圧値をVRHとした場合に、R0>R1≧RH>R2≧RLであり、|VbRH|>|VRL|>|VbRL|且つ|VbRH|>|VRH|を満たす。
実施の形態4の抵抗変化素子の構成については、実施の形態1と同様とすることができるので、詳細な説明を省略する。
実施の形態4の抵抗変化素子の製造方法については、実施の形態1と同様とすることができるので、詳細な説明を省略する。
実施の形態4では、高抵抗化ブレイク時の第1の初期電圧パルスの電圧値をVbRHとし、低抵抗化ブレイク時の第2の初期電圧パルスの電圧値をVbRLとし、書き込み過程(低抵抗化)における書き込み電圧パルスの電圧値をVRLとし、消去過程(高抵抗化)における消去電圧パルスの電圧値をVRHとした場合に、|VbRH|>|VRL|>|VbRL|且つ|VbRH|>|VRH|を満たすようにする。この関係を満たすことにより、後述のとおり、安定した抵抗変化動作を実現することができる。
「抵抗値の変動」および「RL変動率」については、実施の形態1で述べた通りであるので、詳細な説明を省略する。
上述した本実施の形態の抵抗変化素子の動作では、書き込み電圧パルスの電圧値VRLは一定の値であったが、|VbRH|>|VRL|>|VbRL|の範囲内で適宜変更するようにしてもよい。以下では、書き込み回数の増加に伴ってVRLを増加させる動作例について説明する。
上記の各実施の形態において、金属酸化物層はタンタル酸化物の積層構造で構成されていたが、本発明はこれに限定されるわけではなく、遷移金属酸化物の積層構造であればよい。例えば、ハフニウム(Hf)酸化物の積層構造またはジルコニウム(Zr)酸化物の積層構造などであってもよい。
2 第1電極
3 金属酸化物層
3a 第1タンタル酸化物層
3b 第2タンタル酸化物層
4 第2電極
5 電源
6 保護抵抗
7 第1端子
8 第2端子
10 抵抗変化素子
13 トランジスタ
100 不揮発性記憶装置
101 メモリ本体部
102 メモリアレイ
103 行選択回路/ドライバ
104 列選択回路
105 書込み回路
106 センスアンプ
107 データ入出力回路
108 電源
109 アドレス入力回路
110 制御回路
200 不揮発性記憶装置
201 メモリ本体部
202 メモリアレイ
203 行選択回路/ドライバ
204 列選択回路/ドライバ
205 書込み回路
206 センスアンプ
207 データ入出力回路
208 アドレス入力回路
209 制御回路
Claims (17)
- 第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に介在し、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加される電圧パルスに応じて抵抗値が変化する金属酸化物層とを備える抵抗変化素子を駆動する駆動方法において、
前記金属酸化物層は、前記第1電極に接続される第1の酸化物領域と、前記第2電極に接続され、前記第1の酸化物領域よりも酸素含有率が高い第2の酸化物領域とを有しており、
第1の極性の書き込み電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を高から低へ変化させて書き込み状態にする書き込み過程と、
前記第1の極性とは異なる第2の極性の消去電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を低から高へ変化させて消去状態にする消去過程と、
第1回目の前記書き込み過程の前に、前記第1の極性の初期電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗値を前記金属酸化物層の初期状態の抵抗値から他の抵抗値へ変化させる初期過程と、を有し、
前記金属酸化物層の前記初期状態における抵抗値をR0、前記書き込み状態における抵抗値をRL、前記消去状態における抵抗値をRH、前記他の抵抗値をR2とし、前記初期電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbRL、前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRL、前記消去電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRHとした場合に、R0>RH>R2≧RLであり、
|IRL|>|IbRL|
を満たす、抵抗変化素子の駆動方法。 - 第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に介在し、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加される電圧パルスに応じて抵抗値が変化する金属酸化物層とを備える抵抗変化素子を駆動する駆動方法において、
前記金属酸化物層は、前記第1電極に接続される第1の酸化物領域と、前記第2電極に接続され、前記第1の酸化物領域よりも酸素含有率が高い第2の酸化物領域とを有しており、
第1の極性の書き込み電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を高から低へ変化させて書き込み状態にする書き込み過程と、
前記第1の極性とは異なる第2の極性の消去電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を低から高へ変化させて消去状態にする消去過程と、
第1回目の前記書き込み過程の前に、前記第2の極性の第1の初期電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗値を初期状態の抵抗値から第1の抵抗値へ変化させ、その後前記第1の極性の第2の初期電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗値を第1の抵抗値から第2の抵抗値へ変化させる初期過程と、を有し、
前記金属酸化物層の前記初期状態における抵抗値をR0、前記書き込み状態における抵抗値をRL、前記消去状態における抵抗値をRH、前記第1の抵抗値をR1、前記第2の抵抗値をR2とし、前記第1の初期電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbRH、前記第2の初期電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbRL、前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRL、前記消去電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRHとした場合に、R0>R1≧RH>R2≧RLであり、
|IbRH|>|IRL|>|IbRL|且つ|IbRH|>|IRH|
を満たす、抵抗変化素子の駆動方法。 - 前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値IRLが、
|IRL|>|IbRL|×1.18
を満たす、請求項1乃至2に記載の抵抗変化素子の駆動方法。 - 前記金属酸化物層が、タンタル酸化物、ハフニウム酸化物、及びジルコニウム酸化物の何れか1つから構成される、請求項1乃至3に記載の抵抗変化素子の駆動方法。
- 前記第1の酸化物領域が、TaOx(但し、0.8≦x≦1.9)で表される組成を有する酸化物を含んでおり、
前記第2の酸化物領域が、TaOy(但し、2.1≦y≦2.5)で表される組成を有する酸化物を含んでいる、請求項4に記載の抵抗変化素子の駆動方法。 - 前記書き込み過程が繰り返し実行された後の前記書き込み過程において、それ以前の前記書き込み過程の場合と比べて前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値を増加させる、
請求項1乃至5の何れかに記載の抵抗変化素子の駆動方法。 - 前記書き込み過程の後に前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を検証し、その検証の結果前記書き込み状態を実現できていなかった場合に前記書き込み過程を再度実行するベリファイ過程をさらに有し、
前記ベリファイ過程が複数回数実行された後の前記書き込み過程において、それ以前の前記書き込み過程の場合と比べて前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値を増加させる、
請求項6に記載の抵抗変化素子の駆動方法。 - 第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に介在し、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加される電圧パルスに応じて抵抗値が変化する金属酸化物層とを備える抵抗変化素子と、
前記抵抗変化素子に所定の電圧パルスを印加する電圧パルス印加回路と
を備え、
前記金属酸化物層が、前記第1電極に接続される第1の酸化物領域と、前記第2電極に接続され、前記第1の酸化物領域よりも酸素含有率が高い第2の酸化物領域とを有しており、
前記電圧パルス印加回路が、
第1の極性の書き込み電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を高から低へ変化させて書き込み状態にし、
前記第1の極性とは異なる第2の極性の消去電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を低から高へ変化させて消去状態にし、
第1回目の前記書き込み過程の前に、前記第1の極性の初期電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗値を前記金属酸化物層の前記初期状態の抵抗値から他の抵抗値へ変化させるように構成され、
前記金属酸化物層の前記初期状態における抵抗値をR0、前記書き込み状態における抵抗値をRL、前記消去状態における抵抗値をRH、前記他の抵抗値をR2とし、前記初期電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbRL、前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRL、前記消去電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRHとした場合に、R0>RH>R2≧RLであり、
|IRL|>|IbRL|
を満たす、不揮発性記憶装置。 - 第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に介在し、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加される電圧パルスに応じて抵抗値が変化する金属酸化物層とを備える抵抗変化素子と、
前記抵抗変化素子に所定の電圧パルスを印加する電圧パルス印加回路と
を備え、
前記金属酸化物層が、前記第1電極に接続される第1の酸化物領域と、前記第2電極に接続され、前記第1の酸化物領域よりも酸素含有率が高い第2の酸化物領域とを有しており、
前記電圧パルス印加回路が、
第1の極性の書き込み電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を高から低へ変化させて書き込み状態にし、
前記第1の極性とは異なる第2の極性の消去電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を低から高へ変化させて消去状態にし、
第1回目の前記書き込み過程の前に、前記第2の極性の第1の初期電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗値を初期状態の抵抗値から第1の抵抗値へ変化させ、その後前記第1の極性の第2の初期電圧パルスを前記第1電極及び前記第2電極間に印加することにより前記金属酸化物層の抵抗値を第1の抵抗値から第2の抵抗値へ変化させるように構成され、
前記金属酸化物層の前記初期状態における抵抗値をR0、前記書き込み状態における抵抗値をRL、前記消去状態における抵抗値をRH、前記第1の抵抗値をR1、前記第2の抵抗値をR2とし、前記第1の初期電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbRH、前記第2の初期電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値をIbRL、前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRL、前記消去電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物を流れる電流の最大値をIRHとした場合に、R0>R1≧RH>R2≧RLであり、
|IbRH|>|IRL|>|IbRL|且つ|IbRH|>|IRH|
を満たす、不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前記金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値IRLが、
|IRL|≧|IbRL|×1.18
を満たす、請求項8乃至9に記載の不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記金属酸化物層が、タンタル酸化物、ハフニウム酸化物、及びジルコニウム酸化物の何れか1つから構成される、請求項8乃至10に記載の不揮発性記憶装置。
- 前記第1の酸化物領域が、TaOx(但し、0.8≦x≦1.9)で表される組成を有する酸化物を含んでおり、
前記第2の酸化物領域が、TaOy(但し、2.1≦y≦2.5)で表される組成を有する酸化物を含んでいる、請求項11に記載の不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記電圧パルス印加回路が、書き込み電圧パルスの印加を繰り返し行った後にさらに書き込み電圧パルスを印加する場合に、既に印加された書き込み電圧パルス印加時に前期金属酸化物層を流れる電流の最大値と比べて高い電流が流れる書き込み電圧パルスを印加するように構成されている、
請求項8乃至12の何れかに記載の不揮発性記憶装置。 - 書き込み電圧パルスが印加された後に前記金属酸化物層の抵抗状態を検証する検証手段をさらに備え、
前記電圧パルス印加回路が、前記検証手段による検証の結果前記書き込み状態を実現できていなかった場合に、前記書き込み電圧パルスの再印加を行うように構成されており、さらに、その再印加が複数回数実行された後に書き込み電圧パルスを印加する場合に、既に印加された書き込み電圧パルス印加時の前期金属酸化物層流れる電流の最大値と比べて高い値の電流が流れるような書き込み電圧パルスを印加するように構成されている、
請求項13に記載の不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1電極または前記第2電極に電気的に接続された電流制御素子をさらに備える、請求項8乃至14の何れかに記載の不揮発性記憶装置。
- 前記電流制御素子がトランジスタである、請求項15に記載の不揮発性記憶装置。
- 前記電流制御素子がダイオードである、請求項16に記載の不揮発性記憶装置。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201280006650.6A CN103339681B (zh) | 2011-12-13 | 2012-12-11 | 电阻变化元件的驱动方法和非易失性存储装置 |
JP2013512894A JP5312709B1 (ja) | 2011-12-13 | 2012-12-11 | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 |
US13/983,017 US9390797B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2012-12-11 | Driving method of variable resistance element and non-volatile memory device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011271900 | 2011-12-13 | ||
JP2011271894 | 2011-12-13 | ||
JP2011-271894 | 2011-12-13 | ||
JP2011-271900 | 2011-12-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013088704A1 true WO2013088704A1 (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
Family
ID=48612178
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/007912 WO2013088704A1 (ja) | 2011-12-13 | 2012-12-11 | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9390797B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5312709B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103339681B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013088704A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200016667A (ko) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-17 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 입출력 회로와 이를 포함하는 메모리 장치 및 이의 동작 방법 |
KR102490080B1 (ko) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-01-18 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 초전도 코일 모듈 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010109876A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 |
WO2011096194A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-11 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法、初期処理方法、及び不揮発性記憶装置 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6204139B1 (en) | 1998-08-25 | 2001-03-20 | University Of Houston | Method for switching the properties of perovskite materials used in thin film resistors |
US7384792B1 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2008-06-10 | Opto Trace Technologies, Inc. | Method of fabricating nano-structured surface and configuration of surface enhanced light scattering probe |
US7956997B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2011-06-07 | Optotrace Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for food safety detection |
US7460224B2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2008-12-02 | Opto Trace Technologies, Inc. | Arrays of nano structures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering |
US8081308B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2011-12-20 | Optotrace Technologies, Inc. | Detecting chemical and biological impurities by nano-structure based spectral sensing |
US7892489B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2011-02-22 | Optotrace Technologies, Inc. | Light scattering device having multi-layer micro structure |
US8031335B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2011-10-04 | Opto Trace Technologies, Inc. | Non-invasive disease diagnosis using light scattering probe |
US7242469B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2007-07-10 | Opto Trace Technologies, Inc. | Applications of Raman scattering probes |
TWI355661B (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2012-01-01 | Panasonic Corp | Method for using a variable-resistance material as |
US7812938B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2010-10-12 | Opto Trace Technologies, Inc. | Integrated chemical separation light scattering device |
JP2008210441A (ja) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 抵抗変化型メモリ装置のフォーミング方法および抵抗変化型メモリ装置 |
CN101952893B (zh) * | 2008-02-25 | 2013-09-11 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 电阻变化元件的驱动方法及使用它的电阻变化型存储装置 |
US8395925B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2013-03-12 | Panasonic Corporation | Forming method for variable resistance nonvolatile memory element, and variable resistance nonvolatile memory device |
WO2010143414A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 |
JP5121864B2 (ja) | 2010-03-02 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
JP5369071B2 (ja) | 2010-09-30 | 2013-12-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 可変抵抗素子のフォーミング処理方法、及び、不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
-
2012
- 2012-12-11 JP JP2013512894A patent/JP5312709B1/ja active Active
- 2012-12-11 US US13/983,017 patent/US9390797B2/en active Active
- 2012-12-11 WO PCT/JP2012/007912 patent/WO2013088704A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-12-11 CN CN201280006650.6A patent/CN103339681B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010109876A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 |
WO2011096194A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-11 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法、初期処理方法、及び不揮発性記憶装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2013088704A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
CN103339681A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
US20140050014A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
US9390797B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
CN103339681B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
JP5312709B1 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5313413B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法、及び不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP4607257B2 (ja) | 不揮発性記憶素子及び不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP4485605B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法、初期処理方法、及び不揮発性記憶装置 | |
US8279658B2 (en) | Method of programming variable resistance element and nonvolatile storage device | |
US8179714B2 (en) | Nonvolatile storage device and method for writing into memory cell of the same | |
JP4778125B1 (ja) | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法、初期処理方法、及び不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP5830655B2 (ja) | 不揮発性記憶素子の駆動方法 | |
US20130193396A1 (en) | Variable resistive element, and non-volatile semiconductor memory device | |
JP5490961B2 (ja) | 不揮発性記憶素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP7080178B2 (ja) | 不揮発性記憶装置、及び駆動方法 | |
JP5312709B1 (ja) | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 | |
WO2012102025A1 (ja) | 不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP5291270B1 (ja) | 不揮発性記憶素子、不揮発性記憶装置、及び不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法 | |
JP5431267B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法及び不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP2014086692A (ja) | 不揮発性記憶素子及び不揮発性記憶素子の駆動方法 | |
JP2012169000A (ja) | 抵抗変化素子の駆動方法、不揮発性記憶装置、抵抗変化素子および多値記憶方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013512894 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13983017 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12856748 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 12856748 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |