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WO2013068744A2 - Adhesive remover - Google Patents

Adhesive remover Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013068744A2
WO2013068744A2 PCT/GB2012/052771 GB2012052771W WO2013068744A2 WO 2013068744 A2 WO2013068744 A2 WO 2013068744A2 GB 2012052771 W GB2012052771 W GB 2012052771W WO 2013068744 A2 WO2013068744 A2 WO 2013068744A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
adhesive
composition
composition according
cast
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2012/052771
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013068744A3 (en
Inventor
Amanda Jack
Original Assignee
Amanda Jack
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amanda Jack filed Critical Amanda Jack
Publication of WO2013068744A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013068744A2/en
Publication of WO2013068744A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013068744A3/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D7/265—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/50—Solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/50—Solvents
    • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
    • C11D7/5022—Organic solvents containing oxygen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive. These compositions may find application in the removal of medical, surgical or cosmetic adhesives, and may be suitable for removal synthetic surgical casts and/or false nails.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of such compositions for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, and in particular for removing an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts, or in false nails.
  • the present invention also relates to methods of removing a product and/or object, and in particular for removing synthetic surgical casts and/or false nails.
  • Surgical (or orthopaedic/body) casts have been used for decades and consist of a rigid body encasing part of a patient's body, usually a patient's limb. Surgical casts are principally used following damage to a patient's bone(s), so as to maintain the patient's limb in a stationary position to promote healing. The cast further acts as a protective shell to protect the patient's limb during recovery.
  • the two main types of surgical casts are plaster casts and synthetic casts. Both types are normally applied by wrapping one or more lengths of bandages or strips, on or around a patient's limb, and letting the cast harden.
  • Plaster casts typically comprise a bandage such as a cotton bandage that has been impregnated with a plaster material, conventionally called "Plaster of Paris", or gypsum plaster, which is a form of calcined calcium carbonate.
  • a plaster material conventionally called "Plaster of Paris", or gypsum plaster, which is a form of calcined calcium carbonate.
  • the main disadvantages of gypsum plaster casts are their fragility and low resistance to water, which require the patient to avoid exposure of the cast to water while in place.
  • a typical procedure for removing a plaster cast involves either sawing or cutting the cast. Another procedure involves soaking the plaster cast in water in order to soften and break off the plaster material. This can be accelerated by adding an acid such as vinegar to the water.
  • Synthetic casts are made of synthetic materials, and typically from a fabric material made of fiberglass or a polymeric material, impregnated with a polymer such as curable resin, e.g. a polyurethane curable resin. Synthetic casts are lighter, stronger, and more water resistant than plaster casts. However, they are more rigid and abrasive and can therefore be less comfortable to the patient than plaster casts. Synthetic casts are typically removed by using a surgical plaster saw. Plaster saws are an effective way to remove casts/plasters, and usually present little risk of injury to patients. However, some patients can become distressed by the noise of the plaster saw, and by the risk of burns and/or cuts to their skin. Some patients can be so distressed by the use of a plaster saw that they have to be placed under a General Anaesthetic to perform the removal procedure.
  • a polymer such as curable resin, e.g. a polyurethane curable resin.
  • a common cosmetic procedure is the attachment of false nails, e.g. to the nails and/or skin of a person's fingers.
  • the attachment of false nails commonly involves the use of a nail adhesive to adhere the false nail(s) to a person's nail(s) and/or skin.
  • compositions for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive comprising or consisting essentially/consisting of:
  • composition may further comprise water.
  • the term "adhesive" may encompass cured adhesives which have formed a bond between two or more materials.
  • the compositions of this invention may be for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving cured (or set) adhesives, an adhesive bond between two materials and/or adhesives which have not set or cured but which have been applied to a material which is to be adhered or is in the process of being adhered to one or more other materials.
  • the compositions of this invention may be for the removal of an adhesive used to bond together the layers of a surgical synthetic cast or to bond a cosmetic article (for example a false nail) to a finger or toe nail.
  • the adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or physiologically compatible adhesive.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nail to a person's nails and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
  • the at least one acid may comprise a weak acid in water, e.g. an acid that partially dissociates in water.
  • the at least one acid may comprise a strong acid in water, e.g. an acid that completely dissociates in water.
  • the at least one acid may be one or more selected from the list consisting of a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a phosphonic acid, an inorganic acid, or the like.
  • the at least one acid may be an optionally substituted, mono-, di- or poly- carboxylic acid.
  • the at least one acid may comprise acetic acid.
  • the acetic acid may be provided in the form of a vinegar, for example, one or more vinegars selected from the group consisting of e.g. malt, wine, sherry, fruit, cider (e.g. apple cider), balsamic, rice, coconut, palm, cane, raisin, date, beer and/or honey vinegar.
  • a vinegar for example, one or more vinegars selected from the group consisting of e.g. malt, wine, sherry, fruit, cider (e.g. apple cider), balsamic, rice, coconut, palm, cane, raisin, date, beer and/or honey vinegar.
  • the at least one acid may comprise a dermatologically acceptable acid, e.g. an acid which does not cause significant damage or irritation upon contact with the skin, e.g. when diluted in water.
  • a dermatologically acceptable acid e.g. an acid which does not cause significant damage or irritation upon contact with the skin, e.g. when diluted in water.
  • the composition may comprise 50 - 99 vol. % water, and 1 - 50 vol. % acid.
  • the composition may comprise 50 - 90 vol % water, and 10 - 50 vol. % acid.
  • the composition may comprise 60 - 80 vol. % water, and 20 - 40 vol. % acid.
  • the composition may comprise approximately 70 vol % water and 30 vol. % acid.
  • composition may further comprise at least one active component.
  • the at least one active component may be at least partially soluble in water. Alternatively, the at least one active component may be substantially insoluble in water.
  • the at least one active component may comprise an oil.
  • the at least one active component may comprise an organic oil and/or a mineral oil.
  • the at least one active component may comprise an essential oil.
  • the at least one active component may comprise one or more essential oils selected from the group consisting of Eucalyptus oil such as Eucalyptus Globulus oil, Peppermint oil, Lime oil (and other citrus oils), Tea Tree oil, Juniper oil, Almond oil, Anise oil, Buchu oil, Celery oil, Cumin oil, Nutmeg oil, Cassia oil, Cinnamon oil, Sassafras oil, Camphor oil, Cedar oil, Rosewood oil, Sandalwood oil, Agarwood oil, Galangal oil, Ginger oil, Basil oil, Bay leaf oil, Buchu oil, Cinnamon oil, Sage oil, Guava oil, Lemon grass oil, Melaleuca oil, Oregano oil, Patchouli oil, Pine oil, Rosemary oil, Spearmint oil, Thyme oil, Tsuga oil, Wintergreen oil, Benzoin oil, Copaiba oil, Frankincense oil, Myrrh oil, Cannabis oil, Chamomile oil, Clary sage oil, Clove oil, and Geranium
  • the composition may further comprise at least one component which affects, e.g. decreases, the time required for the composition to break down, soften, dissolve or remove the adhesive, and/or which improves, e.g. accelerates, the speed of action of the composition upon the adhesive.
  • a component may be termed an accelerant.
  • accelerant will be herein understood to mean a component which affects or modulates, e.g. decreases, the time required for the composition to remove, dissolve, break down or soften the adhesive, and/or which improves, e.g. accelerates, the speed of action of the composition upon the adhesive.
  • the composition may comprise at least one component which affects, e.g. increases, the miscibility of the active component in water.
  • the composition may comprise at least one surfactant.
  • the accelerant may further act as a surfactant.
  • the accelerant and/or the surfactant may comprise an alcohol, e.g. a mono-, di- or poly-hydric alcohol.
  • the monohydric alcohol may comprise methanol, ethanol, propanol, or the like.
  • the dihydric alcohol may comprise ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or triethylene glycol.
  • compositions of this invention may comprise approximately 1 vol. % to 50 vol. %, typically 5 vol. % to 30 vol. %, of the accelerant and/or surfactant.
  • the composition may further comprise a viscosity modifier.
  • a viscosity modifier By such provision the viscosity of the composition may be tailored.
  • the composition may be provided in the form of a gel. A gel may be wiped, spread or smeared across or into an adhesive to be removed, broken down, dissolved or softened.
  • the viscosity of the composition may be altered so as to tailor the composition to a type of adhesive to be removed and/or to a particular patient or subject or type of object (e.g. the type of surgical cast) from which the adhesive is to be removed.
  • composition provided by this invention may comprise:
  • At least one accelerant is at least one accelerant.
  • the at least one acid may comprise acetic acid.
  • the at least one active component may comprise an essential oil, e.g. Eucalyptus oil.
  • the at least one accelerant may comprise an alcohol, e.g. triethylene glycol.
  • compositions of this invention may be applied (i.e. exploited is uses and methods) to the removal of, for example, surgical casts and/or false nails.
  • the compositions provided by this invention facilitate the removal of surgical costs and/or false nails by removing, breaking down, dissolving or softening the adhesive which bonds together the layers of the surgical cast (a formed surgical cast comprising a plurality of layers or strips of material wrapped around a body part, and bonded together by an adhesive) or a false nail to a body part.
  • a composition for removing a surgical cast and/or false nails may comprise or consist essentially/consist of:
  • a composition for removing a surgical cast and/or false nail may further comprise at least one accelerant.
  • the at least one acid may comprise acetic acid.
  • the at least one active component may comprise an essential oil, e.g. Eucalyptus oil.
  • the at least one accelerant may comprise an alcohol, e.g. triethylene glycol.
  • a surgical cast and/or false nail removal composition may comprise or consist essentially/consist of:
  • At least one accelerant is at least one accelerant.
  • compositions of this invention may be prepared by adding a minor amount of the active component to a major amount of a water and acid mixture.
  • a composition of this invention may be prepared by adding approximately 1 to 20 drops (for example 5, 10 or 15 drops), typically about 10 drops, of the at least one active component to about 100-2000 mL, typically approximately 500-1000 mL of a mixture of water and acid.
  • a composition of this invention may be prepared by adding approximately 1 to 50 mL, typically approximately 5 to 50 mL of the at least one active component to a mixture comprising about 100-1000 mL of water and about 100-1000 mL of acid.
  • a composition of this invention may be prepared by adding approximately 25 mL of the at least one active component to a mixture comprising about 400 mL of water and about 400 mL of acid.
  • compositions of this invention may comprise approximately 0.001 vol. % to 10 vol. %, typically 0.01 vol. % to 5 vol. %, of the active component.
  • the composition may further comprise at least one colouring agent, e.g. a food colorant, such as CookworksTM food colorant, e.g. blue, pink, yellow, green and/or any other colour.
  • a food colorant such as CookworksTM food colorant, e.g. blue, pink, yellow, green and/or any other colour.
  • the composition may be formulated together with a suitable diluent, carrier or excipient.
  • composition may be provided in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, ointment, paste, comminuted form (e.g. a powder or a salt), or any other suitable form.
  • compositions may be provided in a form which requires dilution, dispersion or mixture with a solvent and/or carrier before use.
  • the synthetic cast may comprise a fibrous material impregnated with a polymer material.
  • the fibrous material may comprise fibreglass, e.g. a fibreglass fabric, or a polymeric fibrous substrate, e.g. a polymeric fabric such as a polyester fabric.
  • the polymer material may comprise a polyurethane, e.g. a polyurethane, a polyesterurethane, a polyetherurethane, and/or any suitable polyurethane polymer.
  • a polyurethane e.g. a polyurethane, a polyesterurethane, a polyetherurethane, and/or any suitable polyurethane polymer.
  • the synthetic cast may comprise a Delta CastTM bandage (available from Smith & Nephew), such as a Delta Cast EliteTM or Delta Cast LiteTM.
  • the synthetic cast may comprise commonly available synthetic casts from BSN Medical, 3M, Ossur, or Benecast.
  • the synthetic cast may comprise a polymer comprising a hardening resin, e.g. a mixture of Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate, Dimorpholinodiethylether catalyst, and a polyurethane prepolymer.
  • a hardening resin e.g. a mixture of Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate, Dimorpholinodiethylether catalyst, and a polyurethane prepolymer.
  • the synthetic cast may comprise an alternative polymeric resin, e.g. a different condensation polymer such as a polyester, an addition polymer such as a polyolefin, or any other suitable resin.
  • a different condensation polymer such as a polyester
  • an addition polymer such as a polyolefin, or any other suitable resin.
  • the material used to form a surgical cast (referred to hereinafter as "cast material"), may be provided in the form of strips and/or bandages which are to be wrapped around a part of the body to be held in place and/or protected. In this way, a complete surgical cast is formed of numerous overlapping layers of cast material.
  • compositions of this invention may be provided at a predetermined temperature, e.g. cold, warm (luke warm) or hot.
  • the compositions may be warm, for example at a temperature of approximately 20-50°C, advantageously 30-40 °C, e.g. 32- 37°C.
  • compositions for removing an adhesive comprising or consisting of at least one oil.
  • the at least one oil may comprise an organic oil and/or a mineral oil.
  • the at least one active component may comprise an essential oil.
  • the at least one active component may comprise one or more essential oils selected from the group consisting of Eucalyptus oil such as Eucalyptus Globulus oil, Peppermint oil, Lime oil (and other citrus oils), Tea Tree oil, Juniper oil, Almond oil, Anise oil, Buchu oil, Celery oil, Cumin oil, Nutmeg oil, Cassia oil, Cinnamon oil, Sassafras oil, Camphor oil, Cedar oil, Rosewood oil, Sandalwood oil, Agarwood oil, Galangal oil, Ginger oil, Basil oil, Bay leaf oil, Buchu oil, Cinnamon oil, Sage oil, Guava oil, Lemon grass oil, Melaleuca oil, Oregano oil, Patchouli oil, Pine oil, Rosemary oil, Spearmint oil, Thyme oil, Tsuga oil, Wintergreen oil, Benzoin oil, Copaiba oil, Frankincense oil, Myrrh oil, Cannabis oil, Chamomile oil, Clary sage oil, Clove oil, and Geranium
  • composition may further comprise water and/or at least one acid.
  • composition may further comprise at least one accelerant.
  • the adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or compatible adhesive.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nail to a person's nails (finger and/or toe nails) and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
  • composition according to the first aspect of the invention may apply to the composition according to the second aspect of the invention, and are therefore not repeated here for brevity.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides use of a composition according to the first aspect or the second aspect of this invention for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive.
  • the adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or compatible adhesive.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nails to a person's nails and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
  • the use may comprise removing a costmetic item (hair extension or the like), synthetic cast and/or false nails.
  • a method for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive comprising contacting the adhesive (or material containing the adhesive or to which the adhesive has been applied) with a composition provided by the first aspect or the second aspect of this invention.
  • the adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or compatible adhesive.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nails to a person's nails and/or skin.
  • the adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
  • the method may comprise removing a synthetic cast and/or false nails.
  • the features described in relation to the composition according to the first aspect or the second aspect of the invention may apply to the composition used in the method according to the fourth aspect of the invention.
  • the method may comprise providing the composition in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, gel, ointment, paste, comminuted form (e.g. powder), or any other suitable form.
  • the method may comprise immersing the adhesive and/or a product containing the adhesive, e.g. a cast or a false nail, in the composition.
  • a product containing the adhesive e.g. a cast or a false nail
  • the method may comprise applying the composition to the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive, e.g. by spreading, spraying, pouring, or the like.
  • the method may comprise reacting the composition with the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive, e.g. by allowing the composition to contact the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive, for a period of time, e.g. a predetermined period of time, sufficient to permit removal of the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive.
  • compositions provided by this invention breakdown, degrade or weaken the adhesive bonds between layers of cast material.
  • a method of removing a surgical cast may comprise (i) applying a composition provided by this invention to a surgical cast under conditions permitting degradation of the adhesive bonds between layers of the cast; and (ii) unwrapping/unravelling the cast to remove it from the subject.
  • the method of removing a cast may comprise gripping a portion of the cast, e.g. an end portion of a bandage or strip thereof and unwrapping or unravelling the strips/bandages thereof.
  • An "end portion of bandage or strip” should be understood as referring to a portion of a bandage or strip of surgical cast, e.g. synthetic cast, exposed on the surface of the cast and/or last applied or wrapped during application of the cast.
  • the method may comprise unwrapping substantially a whole length of at least one bandage or strip of the cast, e.g. by pulling an end portion of the bandage or strip, e.g. away from the cast.
  • the method may comprise unwrapping all of the bandages or strips of the cast.
  • the method may comprise heating the composition.
  • the method may comprise heating the composition prior to contacting the adhesive with the composition.
  • the method may comprise heating the composition while contacting the adhesive with the composition.
  • the method may comprise heating the composition to and/or maintaining the composition at a predetermined temperature, for example at a temperature of approximately 20-50 °C, advantageously 30-40 °C, e.g. 32-37 °C.
  • a predetermined temperature for example at a temperature of approximately 20-50 °C, advantageously 30-40 °C, e.g. 32-37 °C.
  • the method may comprise further providing at least one active component and/or water, and optionally mixing.
  • composition according to the first aspect of the invention may apply to the method according to the fifth of the invention, and are therefore not repeated here for brevity.
  • the method may comprise adding at least one acid, at least active component and water.
  • the active component may comprise at least one essential oil and/or at least one accelerant and/or surfactant.
  • the method may comprise adding at least one colouring agent, e.g. a food colorant.
  • at least one colouring agent e.g. a food colorant.
  • the method may comprise adding at least one accelerant.
  • the method may comprise providing the composition in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, ointment, paste, comminuted form (e.g. powder), or any other suitable form.
  • the method may comprise providing the composition in a form to be diluted, dispersed, reconstituted or hydrated prior to use.
  • a method for preparing a composition according to a second aspect of the invention comprising providing at least one oil.
  • the method may comprise further providing water and/or at least one acid; and optionally mixing.
  • the at least one oil may comprise an organic oil and/or a mineral oil.
  • the at least one active component may comprise at least one essential oil and/or at least one accelerant and/or surfactant.
  • kits comprising a composition according to the first and/or second aspect of this invention and/or components thereof and instructions for use in methods for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, or for removing a product containing the adhesive, e.g. surgical (synthetic) casts or false nails.
  • the kit may further comprise receptacles and/or vessels for mixing and/or pouring compositions for use in surgical cast or false nail removal, means for measuring quantities and/or volumes of one or more components of the compositions according to the first and/or second aspects of this invention.
  • the kit may comprise a pipette for adding the active component to a composition.
  • the kit may comprise means for applying the composition to an adhesive or a product comprising an adhesive, such as a cast or a false nail, e.g. an applicator such as sponge, brush, or the like.
  • an adhesive such as a cast or a false nail
  • an applicator such as sponge, brush, or the like.
  • the applicator may comprise a reservoir for receiving and dispensing a composition of the invention.
  • compositions according the present invention To determine the efficacy of various compositions according the present invention in removing synthetic surgical casts and false nails.
  • Cast Elite TM available from Smith & Nephew, consisting of a knitted polyester fabric impregnated with a curable resin comprising a mixture of a polyurethane prepolymer, Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate, and Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE) Catalyst.
  • DMDEE Dimorpholinodiethylether
  • the acid compounds used in the composition were distilled clear malt vinegar, apple cider vinegar, rice vinegar, and spirit vinegar. Active component
  • the active component used in the composition comprised one or more essential oils.
  • a number of essential oils were investigated, and the results for each essential oil are shown in Table 1 .
  • the accelerants used in the composition were Triethylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol, Monoethylene Glycol and Dipropylene Glycol triethylene glycol.
  • vinegar was used as an acid in the above examples, it will be appreciated that other acids may be employed without affecting the efficacy of the composition.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

Compositions, methods, and kits for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive comprise at least one acid, water, and optionally at least one active component which may be provided in the form of an essential oil. The composition is particularly useful in removing surgical casts and/or cosmetic products such as false nails.

Description

Adhesive Remover
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compositions for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive. These compositions may find application in the removal of medical, surgical or cosmetic adhesives, and may be suitable for removal synthetic surgical casts and/or false nails. The present invention also relates to the use of such compositions for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, and in particular for removing an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts, or in false nails. The present invention also relates to methods of removing a product and/or object, and in particular for removing synthetic surgical casts and/or false nails.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Surgical (or orthopaedic/body) casts have been used for decades and consist of a rigid body encasing part of a patient's body, usually a patient's limb. Surgical casts are principally used following damage to a patient's bone(s), so as to maintain the patient's limb in a stationary position to promote healing. The cast further acts as a protective shell to protect the patient's limb during recovery.
The two main types of surgical casts are plaster casts and synthetic casts. Both types are normally applied by wrapping one or more lengths of bandages or strips, on or around a patient's limb, and letting the cast harden.
Plaster casts typically comprise a bandage such as a cotton bandage that has been impregnated with a plaster material, conventionally called "Plaster of Paris", or gypsum plaster, which is a form of calcined calcium carbonate. The main disadvantages of gypsum plaster casts are their fragility and low resistance to water, which require the patient to avoid exposure of the cast to water while in place.
A typical procedure for removing a plaster cast involves either sawing or cutting the cast. Another procedure involves soaking the plaster cast in water in order to soften and break off the plaster material. This can be accelerated by adding an acid such as vinegar to the water.
Synthetic casts are made of synthetic materials, and typically from a fabric material made of fiberglass or a polymeric material, impregnated with a polymer such as curable resin, e.g. a polyurethane curable resin. Synthetic casts are lighter, stronger, and more water resistant than plaster casts. However, they are more rigid and abrasive and can therefore be less comfortable to the patient than plaster casts. Synthetic casts are typically removed by using a surgical plaster saw. Plaster saws are an effective way to remove casts/plasters, and usually present little risk of injury to patients. However, some patients can become distressed by the noise of the plaster saw, and by the risk of burns and/or cuts to their skin. Some patients can be so distressed by the use of a plaster saw that they have to be placed under a General Anaesthetic to perform the removal procedure.
A common cosmetic procedure is the attachment of false nails, e.g. to the nails and/or skin of a person's fingers. The attachment of false nails commonly involves the use of a nail adhesive to adhere the false nail(s) to a person's nail(s) and/or skin.
When the person wants to remove false nails, it is common to use solvent-based products which usually contain a significant amount of acetone. Not only can the procedure be lengthy (around 30 minutes), but the use of acetone causes health hazards such as potential skin irritation and/or toxic vapour inhalation.
There is a need for a composition and method for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving adhesives effectively.
There is a need for a composition and method for removing synthetic plaster casts which mitigates or obviates the disadvantages associates with prior art methods.
There is a need for a method of removing synthetic plaster casts which obviates the need for using plaster saws.
There is a need for a composition and method for removing false nails which obviates the disadvantages associates with prior art methods, and/or which reduces health risks to a user, and/or which reduces the time necessary to remove false nails.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, said composition comprising or consisting essentially/consisting of:
at least one acid.
The composition may further comprise water.
It should be understood that the term "adhesive" may encompass cured adhesives which have formed a bond between two or more materials. As such, the compositions of this invention may be for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving cured (or set) adhesives, an adhesive bond between two materials and/or adhesives which have not set or cured but which have been applied to a material which is to be adhered or is in the process of being adhered to one or more other materials. For example, the compositions of this invention may be for the removal of an adhesive used to bond together the layers of a surgical synthetic cast or to bond a cosmetic article (for example a false nail) to a finger or toe nail.
The adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or physiologically compatible adhesive.
The adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
The adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin. For example, the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nail to a person's nails and/or skin.
The adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
The at least one acid may comprise a weak acid in water, e.g. an acid that partially dissociates in water.
The at least one acid may comprise a strong acid in water, e.g. an acid that completely dissociates in water.
The at least one acid may be one or more selected from the list consisting of a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a phosphonic acid, an inorganic acid, or the like.
The at least one acid may be an optionally substituted, mono-, di- or poly- carboxylic acid.
The at least one acid may comprise acetic acid.
The acetic acid may be provided in the form of a vinegar, for example, one or more vinegars selected from the group consisting of e.g. malt, wine, sherry, fruit, cider (e.g. apple cider), balsamic, rice, coconut, palm, cane, raisin, date, beer and/or honey vinegar.
The at least one acid may comprise a dermatologically acceptable acid, e.g. an acid which does not cause significant damage or irritation upon contact with the skin, e.g. when diluted in water.
The composition may comprise 50 - 99 vol. % water, and 1 - 50 vol. % acid.
The composition may comprise 50 - 90 vol % water, and 10 - 50 vol. % acid.
The composition may comprise 60 - 80 vol. % water, and 20 - 40 vol. % acid.
The composition may comprise approximately 70 vol % water and 30 vol. % acid.
The composition may further comprise at least one active component.
The at least one active component may be at least partially soluble in water. Alternatively, the at least one active component may be substantially insoluble in water.
In one embodiment, the at least one active component may comprise an oil.
The at least one active component may comprise an organic oil and/or a mineral oil.
The at least one active component may comprise an essential oil.
The at least one active component may comprise one or more essential oils selected from the group consisting of Eucalyptus oil such as Eucalyptus Globulus oil, Peppermint oil, Lime oil (and other citrus oils), Tea Tree oil, Juniper oil, Almond oil, Anise oil, Buchu oil, Celery oil, Cumin oil, Nutmeg oil, Cassia oil, Cinnamon oil, Sassafras oil, Camphor oil, Cedar oil, Rosewood oil, Sandalwood oil, Agarwood oil, Galangal oil, Ginger oil, Basil oil, Bay leaf oil, Buchu oil, Cinnamon oil, Sage oil, Guava oil, Lemon grass oil, Melaleuca oil, Oregano oil, Patchouli oil, Pine oil, Rosemary oil, Spearmint oil, Thyme oil, Tsuga oil, Wintergreen oil, Benzoin oil, Copaiba oil, Frankincense oil, Myrrh oil, Cannabis oil, Chamomile oil, Clary sage oil, Clove oil, and Geranium oil.
The composition may further comprise at least one component which affects, e.g. decreases, the time required for the composition to break down, soften, dissolve or remove the adhesive, and/or which improves, e.g. accelerates, the speed of action of the composition upon the adhesive. Such a component may be termed an accelerant. The term accelerant will be herein understood to mean a component which affects or modulates, e.g. decreases, the time required for the composition to remove, dissolve, break down or soften the adhesive, and/or which improves, e.g. accelerates, the speed of action of the composition upon the adhesive.
In one embodiment, the composition may comprise at least one component which affects, e.g. increases, the miscibility of the active component in water. For example, the composition may comprise at least one surfactant.
The accelerant may further act as a surfactant.
The accelerant and/or the surfactant may comprise an alcohol, e.g. a mono-, di- or poly-hydric alcohol. The monohydric alcohol may comprise methanol, ethanol, propanol, or the like. The dihydric alcohol may comprise ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or triethylene glycol.
The use of an accelerant such as triethylene glycol may further provide antibacterial properties to the composition, which may further improve safety and/or reduce health hazards to a user. The compositions of this invention may comprise approximately 1 vol. % to 50 vol. %, typically 5 vol. % to 30 vol. %, of the accelerant and/or surfactant.
The composition may further comprise a viscosity modifier. By such provision the viscosity of the composition may be tailored. By altering the viscosity of the composition, it may be possible to provide different forms of the composition which are suited to a particular mode of application. For example, the composition may be provided in the form of a gel. A gel may be wiped, spread or smeared across or into an adhesive to be removed, broken down, dissolved or softened. Additionally, or alternatively, the viscosity of the composition may be altered so as to tailor the composition to a type of adhesive to be removed and/or to a particular patient or subject or type of object (e.g. the type of surgical cast) from which the adhesive is to be removed.
The composition provided by this invention may comprise:
water;
at least one acid;
at least one active component; and
at least one accelerant.
The at least one acid may comprise acetic acid.
The at least one active component may comprise an essential oil, e.g. Eucalyptus oil.
The at least one accelerant may comprise an alcohol, e.g. triethylene glycol.
The compositions of this invention may be applied (i.e. exploited is uses and methods) to the removal of, for example, surgical casts and/or false nails. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is suggested that the compositions provided by this invention facilitate the removal of surgical costs and/or false nails by removing, breaking down, dissolving or softening the adhesive which bonds together the layers of the surgical cast (a formed surgical cast comprising a plurality of layers or strips of material wrapped around a body part, and bonded together by an adhesive) or a false nail to a body part.
A composition for removing a surgical cast and/or false nails, may comprise or consist essentially/consist of:
water;
at least one acid; and
at least one oil.
A composition for removing a surgical cast and/or false nail, may further comprise at least one accelerant.
The at least one acid may comprise acetic acid. The at least one active component may comprise an essential oil, e.g. Eucalyptus oil.
The at least one accelerant may comprise an alcohol, e.g. triethylene glycol.
A surgical cast and/or false nail removal composition, may comprise or consist essentially/consist of:
(a) water; and
at least one acid;
or
(b) water;
at least one acid; and
at least one essential oil; or
(c) water;
at least one acid;
at least one essential oil; and
at least one accelerant.
It should be understood that the definitions of acid, essential oil and accelerant provide above apply to all aspects of this invention.
The compositions of this invention may be prepared by adding a minor amount of the active component to a major amount of a water and acid mixture.
A composition of this invention may be prepared by adding approximately 1 to 20 drops (for example 5, 10 or 15 drops), typically about 10 drops, of the at least one active component to about 100-2000 mL, typically approximately 500-1000 mL of a mixture of water and acid.
A composition of this invention may be prepared by adding approximately 1 to 50 mL, typically approximately 5 to 50 mL of the at least one active component to a mixture comprising about 100-1000 mL of water and about 100-1000 mL of acid.
A composition of this invention may be prepared by adding approximately 25 mL of the at least one active component to a mixture comprising about 400 mL of water and about 400 mL of acid.
The compositions of this invention may comprise approximately 0.001 vol. % to 10 vol. %, typically 0.01 vol. % to 5 vol. %, of the active component.
The composition may further comprise at least one colouring agent, e.g. a food colorant, such as Cookworks™ food colorant, e.g. blue, pink, yellow, green and/or any other colour. The composition may be formulated together with a suitable diluent, carrier or excipient.
The composition may be provided in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, ointment, paste, comminuted form (e.g. a powder or a salt), or any other suitable form.
The compositions may be provided in a form which requires dilution, dispersion or mixture with a solvent and/or carrier before use.
The synthetic cast may comprise a fibrous material impregnated with a polymer material.
The fibrous material may comprise fibreglass, e.g. a fibreglass fabric, or a polymeric fibrous substrate, e.g. a polymeric fabric such as a polyester fabric.
The polymer material may comprise a polyurethane, e.g. a polyurethane, a polyesterurethane, a polyetherurethane, and/or any suitable polyurethane polymer.
In one embodiment, the synthetic cast may comprise a Delta Cast™ bandage (available from Smith & Nephew), such as a Delta Cast Elite™ or Delta Cast Lite™. In other embodiments, the synthetic cast may comprise commonly available synthetic casts from BSN Medical, 3M, Ossur, or Benecast.
The synthetic cast may comprise a polymer comprising a hardening resin, e.g. a mixture of Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate, Dimorpholinodiethylether catalyst, and a polyurethane prepolymer.
In alternative embodiments, the synthetic cast may comprise an alternative polymeric resin, e.g. a different condensation polymer such as a polyester, an addition polymer such as a polyolefin, or any other suitable resin.
The material used to form a surgical cast (referred to hereinafter as "cast material"), may be provided in the form of strips and/or bandages which are to be wrapped around a part of the body to be held in place and/or protected. In this way, a complete surgical cast is formed of numerous overlapping layers of cast material.
The compositions of this invention may be provided at a predetermined temperature, e.g. cold, warm (luke warm) or hot. The compositions may be warm, for example at a temperature of approximately 20-50°C, advantageously 30-40 °C, e.g. 32- 37°C. By such provision the effect of the composition upon the adhesive may be improved, enhanced, and/or accelerated. Providing the composition around or near normal body temperature may also improve comfort to a user.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition for removing an adhesive, said composition comprising or consisting of at least one oil. The at least one oil may comprise an organic oil and/or a mineral oil.
The at least one active component may comprise an essential oil.
The at least one active component may comprise one or more essential oils selected from the group consisting of Eucalyptus oil such as Eucalyptus Globulus oil, Peppermint oil, Lime oil (and other citrus oils), Tea Tree oil, Juniper oil, Almond oil, Anise oil, Buchu oil, Celery oil, Cumin oil, Nutmeg oil, Cassia oil, Cinnamon oil, Sassafras oil, Camphor oil, Cedar oil, Rosewood oil, Sandalwood oil, Agarwood oil, Galangal oil, Ginger oil, Basil oil, Bay leaf oil, Buchu oil, Cinnamon oil, Sage oil, Guava oil, Lemon grass oil, Melaleuca oil, Oregano oil, Patchouli oil, Pine oil, Rosemary oil, Spearmint oil, Thyme oil, Tsuga oil, Wintergreen oil, Benzoin oil, Copaiba oil, Frankincense oil, Myrrh oil, Cannabis oil, Chamomile oil, Clary sage oil, Clove oil, and Geranium oil.
The composition may further comprise water and/or at least one acid.
The composition may further comprise at least one accelerant.
The adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or compatible adhesive. The adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
The adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin. For example, the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nail to a person's nails (finger and/or toe nails) and/or skin.
The adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
The features described in relation to the composition according to the first aspect of the invention may apply to the composition according to the second aspect of the invention, and are therefore not repeated here for brevity.
A third aspect of the invention provides use of a composition according to the first aspect or the second aspect of this invention for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive.
The adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or compatible adhesive.
The adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
The adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin. For example, the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nails to a person's nails and/or skin.
The adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
Preferably, the use may comprise removing a costmetic item (hair extension or the like), synthetic cast and/or false nails.
It is to be understood that the features described in relation to the composition provided by the first aspect or second aspect of the invention apply to the composition exploited in the use according to the third aspect of the invention.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, comprising contacting the adhesive (or material containing the adhesive or to which the adhesive has been applied) with a composition provided by the first aspect or the second aspect of this invention.
The adhesive may be a physiologically acceptable and/or compatible adhesive.
The adhesive may be an adhesive used in surgical casts, e.g. synthetic surgical casts.
The adhesive may be an adhesive used in cosmetics, e.g. an adhesive for use in adhering a cosmetic product to a person's nails, hair, and/or skin. For example, the adhesive may be an adhesive for use in adhering a false nails to a person's nails and/or skin.
The adhesive may comprise an acrylic adhesive, e.g. a cyanoacrylate adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, or the like.
Preferably, the method may comprise removing a synthetic cast and/or false nails. As stated above, it is to be understood that the features described in relation to the composition according to the first aspect or the second aspect of the invention may apply to the composition used in the method according to the fourth aspect of the invention.
The method may comprise providing the composition in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, gel, ointment, paste, comminuted form (e.g. powder), or any other suitable form.
The method may comprise immersing the adhesive and/or a product containing the adhesive, e.g. a cast or a false nail, in the composition.
The method may comprise applying the composition to the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive, e.g. by spreading, spraying, pouring, or the like. The method may comprise reacting the composition with the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive, e.g. by allowing the composition to contact the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive, for a period of time, e.g. a predetermined period of time, sufficient to permit removal of the adhesive and/or product containing the adhesive.
When used for removal a surgical cast, without wishing to be bound by theory, it is hypothesised that the compositions provided by this invention breakdown, degrade or weaken the adhesive bonds between layers of cast material.
In view of the above, a method of removing a surgical cast may comprise (i) applying a composition provided by this invention to a surgical cast under conditions permitting degradation of the adhesive bonds between layers of the cast; and (ii) unwrapping/unravelling the cast to remove it from the subject.
In one embodiment, the method of removing a cast may comprise gripping a portion of the cast, e.g. an end portion of a bandage or strip thereof and unwrapping or unravelling the strips/bandages thereof. An "end portion of bandage or strip" should be understood as referring to a portion of a bandage or strip of surgical cast, e.g. synthetic cast, exposed on the surface of the cast and/or last applied or wrapped during application of the cast.
The method may comprise unwrapping substantially a whole length of at least one bandage or strip of the cast, e.g. by pulling an end portion of the bandage or strip, e.g. away from the cast.
The method may comprise unwrapping all of the bandages or strips of the cast. The method may comprise heating the composition.
The method may comprise heating the composition prior to contacting the adhesive with the composition.
The method may comprise heating the composition while contacting the adhesive with the composition.
The method may comprise heating the composition to and/or maintaining the composition at a predetermined temperature, for example at a temperature of approximately 20-50 °C, advantageously 30-40 °C, e.g. 32-37 °C. By such provision the effect of the composition upon the adhesive may be improved, enhanced, and/or accelerated. Providing the composition around or near normal body temperature may also improve comfort to a user. According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for preparing a composition according to a first aspect of the invention, said method comprising providing at least one acid.
The method may comprise further providing at least one active component and/or water, and optionally mixing.
The features described in relation to the composition according to the first aspect of the invention may apply to the method according to the fifth of the invention, and are therefore not repeated here for brevity.
The method may comprise adding at least one acid, at least active component and water.
The active component may comprise at least one essential oil and/or at least one accelerant and/or surfactant.
The method may comprise adding at least one colouring agent, e.g. a food colorant.
The method may comprise adding at least one accelerant.
The method may comprise providing the composition in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, ointment, paste, comminuted form (e.g. powder), or any other suitable form.
The method may comprise providing the composition in a form to be diluted, dispersed, reconstituted or hydrated prior to use.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for preparing a composition according to a second aspect of the invention, said method comprising providing at least one oil.
The method may comprise further providing water and/or at least one acid; and optionally mixing.
The at least one oil may comprise an organic oil and/or a mineral oil.
The at least one active component may comprise at least one essential oil and/or at least one accelerant and/or surfactant.
.The features described in relation to the composition according to the second aspect of the invention may apply to the method according to the sixth aspect of the invention, and are therefore not repeated here for brevity.
According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a kit, the kit comprising a composition according to the first and/or second aspect of this invention and/or components thereof and instructions for use in methods for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, or for removing a product containing the adhesive, e.g. surgical (synthetic) casts or false nails.
The kit may further comprise receptacles and/or vessels for mixing and/or pouring compositions for use in surgical cast or false nail removal, means for measuring quantities and/or volumes of one or more components of the compositions according to the first and/or second aspects of this invention.
The kit may comprise a pipette for adding the active component to a composition.
The kit may comprise means for applying the composition to an adhesive or a product comprising an adhesive, such as a cast or a false nail, e.g. an applicator such as sponge, brush, or the like.
In one embodiment, the applicator may comprise a reservoir for receiving and dispensing a composition of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Aim
To determine the efficacy of various compositions according the present invention in removing synthetic surgical casts and false nails.
Materials
Surgical casts
The surgical casts upon which the various compositions were tested were Delta
Cast Elite ™ available from Smith & Nephew, consisting of a knitted polyester fabric impregnated with a curable resin comprising a mixture of a polyurethane prepolymer, Diphenylmethane Di-isocyanate, and Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE) Catalyst.
Other casts tested were synthetic cast available from BSN Medical, 3M, Ossur and Benecast.
Acids
The acid compounds used in the composition were distilled clear malt vinegar, apple cider vinegar, rice vinegar, and spirit vinegar. Active component
The active component used in the composition comprised one or more essential oils. A number of essential oils were investigated, and the results for each essential oil are shown in Table 1 .
Accelerant
The accelerants used in the composition were Triethylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol, Monoethylene Glycol and Dipropylene Glycol triethylene glycol. Methods and Experiments
Experiment 1
In a first experiment, the efficacy of warm tap water alone was investigated. 2000 ml_ of warm tap water was provided in a container. A cast placed on a dummy's leg was immersed in the container for 12 hours. The dummy's leg was then removed, and the structural integrity of the resulting cast was then assessed.
Experiment 2
In a second experiment, clear malt vinegar was added to warm tap water. In a container, 500 ml_ of distilled clear malt vinegar was mixed with 1200 ml_ warm tap water. A cast placed on a dummy's leg was immersed in the container for 12 hours, as in Experiment 1 . The dummy's leg was then removed from the composition, and the structural integrity of the resulting cast was then assessed.
Experiment 3
In a third experiment, the potential effect of an essential oil was investigated. In a container, 500 ml_ of distilled clear malt vinegar was mixed with 1200 ml_ warm tap water, as in Experiment 2. Ten (10) drops of an essential oil were then added to the mixture. A cast placed on a dummy's leg was immersed in the container for approximately five minutes. The dummy's leg was then removed, and the structural integrity of the resulting cast was then assessed.
Experiment 4
In a fourth experiment, the potential effect of a food colouring agent was investigated. In a container, approximately three (3) drops of a food colouring agent (Cookworks in the colours blue, pink, yellow and green) were added to the mixture of Experiment 3. A cast placed on a dummy's leg was immersed in the container for approximately five minutes, as in Experiment 3. The dummy's leg was then removed, and the structural integrity of the resulting cast was then assessed. Experiment 5
In a fifth experiment, the potential effect of temperature was investigated. In a container, 25 mL of Eucalyptus Globulus oil were added to a mixture of 400 mL of distilled clear malt vinegar and 400 mL tap water. A cast placed on a dummy's leg was immersed in the container for approximately five minutes. The dummy's leg was then removed, and the structural integrity of the resulting cast was then assessed. This procedure was carried out using cold tap water, and separately using warm tap water at a temperature of 32-37 °C.
Experiment 6
In a sixth experiment, the potential effect of an accelerant was investigated. To the mixture of experiment 5 above, 300 mL of an accelerant were added. The accelerant tested were triethylene glycol, Propylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol, Monoethylene Glycol and Dipropylene Glycol. A cast placed on a dummy's leg was immersed in the container for approximately five minutes. The dummy's leg was then removed, and the structural integrity of the resulting cast was then assessed.
Experiment 7
In a seventh experiment, the solution as described in Experiment 3, using Eucalyptus Globulus oil, was used to remove false nail attached using common products sold on the high street. The time required to remove the false nails using the solution according to the present invention was compared to the time required to remove the false nails using acetone.
Results
Experiment 1
Inspection of the cast showed that immersion of the cast in warm water had no effect on the cast. Experiment 2
Inspection of the cast showed some movement in the cast - immersion of the cast in warm water and vinegar affected the structural integrity of the synthetic cast. This was unexpected. This is because, although the effect of water, especially acidic water, on traditional Plaster of Paris plaster casts is known, such compositions have not been known (nor would have been expected) to be effective on synthetic casts.
Experiment 3
The effect of the various essential oils investigated in Experiment 3 are shown in Table 1 .
As can be seen, all oils showed an improvement in the efficacy of the composition as compared to Experiment 2.
Further, a number of essential oils showed dramatic improvement in the efficacy of the composition. In particular, Eucalyptus oil (in particular Eucalyptus Globulus oil), Peppermint oil, and Lime oil, showed the best results. In the case of Eucalyptus oil, Peppermint oil, and Lime oil, the composition affected the structural integrity of the cast within a few minutes, and the cast could be unwrapped in approximately five minutes following removal of the cast from the solution. This dramatic effect of the essential oil on the removing properties of the composition was also unexpected.
Figure imgf000016_0001
Experiment 4
The effect of food colouring on the composition was investigated, and it was found that addition of a food colorant to the composition had no noticeable effect on the efficacy of the composition.
Experiment 5
This experiment showed that the time required to break down the cast was reduced by increasing the temperature of the solution. It was observed that the time of removal was approximately halved when the solution was at a temperature of 32-37 °C, when compared to using a solution prepared using cold tap water.
Experiment 6
This experiment shoed that all accelerants tested reduced the time required for the solution to remove the cast. In particular, triethylene glycol showed the best results.
Experiment 7
Removal of the false nails using acetone took approximately 30 minutes.
Removal of the false nails using the solution of experiment 7 reduced the removal time significantly down to approximately 10 minutes.
The skilled person will appreciate that the embodiment described in the above examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, and that other embodiments may be envisaged for the composition of the present invention.
In particular, although vinegar was used as an acid in the above examples, it will be appreciated that other acids may be employed without affecting the efficacy of the composition.
In addition, although a number of essential oils were investigated in the above examples, it will be appreciated that not all essential oils could be tested by the inventor, and that other essential oils may be employed without affecting the efficacy of the composition.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A composition for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, said composition comprising or consisting essentially of:
at ieast one acid.
2. A composition according to claim 1, the composition comprising or consisting essentially of:
at ieast one acid;
at least one essential oil; and
water.
3. A composition according to claim 1 , further comprising water.
4. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at Ieast one acid comprises acetic acid.
5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the acetic acid is provided in the form of a vinegar.
6. A composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition comprises approximately 1 - 50 vol. % of the at Ieast one acid.
7. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one active component.
8. A composition according to claim 7, wherein the at least one active component comprises an essential oil.
9. A composition according to claim 2 or 8, wherein the essentia! oil is selected from the group consisting of Eucalyptus oil, Eucalyptus Giobuius oii, Peppermint oil, Lime oil, a citrus oil, Tea Tree oil, Juniper oil, Almond oi!, Anise oii, Buchu oil, Celery oil, Cumin oil, Nutmeg oii, Cassia oil, Cinnamon oii, Sassafras oil, Camphor oil, Cedar oil, Rosewood oil, Sandalwood oil, Agarwood oil, Galangal oil, Ginger oil, Basil oil, Bay leaf oii, Buchu oil, Cinnamon oii, Sage oil, Guava oil, Lemon grass oil, Melaleuca oii, Oregano oil, Patchouli oil, Pine oil, Rosemary oil, Spearmint oil, Thyme oil, Tsuga oil, Wintergreen oil, Benzoin oil, Copaiba oil, Frankincense oil, Myrrh oil, Cannabis oil, Chamomile oil, Clary sage oil, Clove oil, and/or Geranium oil.
10. A composition according to any of claims 7 to 9, wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.01 vol. % to 5 vol. % of the at least one active component
11. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one accelerant and/or at least one surfactant
12. A composition according to claim 11, wherein the at least one accelerant and/or the at least one surfactant comprises a monor, di- or poiy-hydric alcohol.
13. A composition according to claim 12. wherein the alcohol is selected from the list consisting of methanol, ethano!, propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and/or triethyfene glycol.
14. A composition according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the composition comprises approximately 5 vol. % to 30 vol. % of the accelerant and/or surfactant.
15. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is provided in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, ointment, paste, and/or comminuted form.
16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is an adhesive used in synthetic surgical casts.
17. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive Is an adhesive used in cosmetics and/or false nails adhesives.
18. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is selected from the list consisting of an acrylic adhesive, a cyanoacryiate adhesive, a poiyurethane adhesive, a polyester adhesive, and/or an addition polymer adhesive.
19. A method for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive, comprising contacting the adhesive with a composition according to any of claims 1 to 18.
20. A method according to claim 19, the method comprising removing a surgical cast, a cosmetic product, and/or false nails.
21. A method according to claim 19, the method comprising removing a surgical cast, wherein the method comprises (i) applying the composition to a surgical cast; and (ii) unwrapping/unravelling the cast to remove it from a subject.
22. A method according to any of claims 19 to 21, the method comprising heating the composition to and/or maintaining the composition at a temperature of approximately 20- 50ºC, prior to and/or while contacting the adhesive with the composition.
23. A method of removing a surgical cast, said method comprising contacting the surgical cast with a composition according to any one of claims 1-18.
24. A method of removing a cosmetic item adhered to a body part, said method comprising contacting the cosmetic item and/or body part to which the cosmetic item is adhered, with a composition according to any one of claims 1-18.
25. A kit comprising a composition according to any of claims 1 to 18; and instructions for use in methods for removing, breaking down, softening or dissolving an adhesive or for removing a product containing the adhesive.
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