WO2013018678A1 - ろ過助剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
ろ過助剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018678A1 WO2013018678A1 PCT/JP2012/069109 JP2012069109W WO2013018678A1 WO 2013018678 A1 WO2013018678 A1 WO 2013018678A1 JP 2012069109 W JP2012069109 W JP 2012069109W WO 2013018678 A1 WO2013018678 A1 WO 2013018678A1
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- cellulase
- liquid
- cellulose
- filter aid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
- B01J20/28038—Membranes or mats made from fibers or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0057—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Xylans, i.e. xylosaccharide, e.g. arabinoxylan, arabinofuronan, pentosans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Xylans, e.g. rhodymenans; Hemicellulose; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/14—Hemicellulose; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
- C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
- C12H1/06—Precipitation by physical means, e.g. by irradiation, vibrations
- C12H1/063—Separation by filtration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/02—Monosaccharides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
- B01J2220/4831—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton having been subjected to further processing, e.g. paper, cellulose pulp
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a cellulose-based filter aid.
- a centrifugal method is known as a method for removing turbid substances contained in the liquid from such a highly turbid liquid.
- centrifuge As a centrifuge used in this centrifugation method, a screw decanter type centrifuge is known. However, this centrifuge has a good reputation for processing speed and scale-up, but it only has a centrifugal force of about 2000 to 3000 G, and it has been difficult to efficiently remove turbid components.
- DeLaval centrifuge As a centrifuge used in this centrifugation method, a screw decanter type centrifuge is known. However, this centrifuge has a good reputation for processing speed and scale-up, but it only has a centrifugal force of about 2000 to 3000 G, and it has been difficult to efficiently remove turbid components.
- DeLaval centrifuge as a high-speed continuous centrifuge with a centrifugal force of about 8000 G. However, in this centrifuge, it cannot be processed at a high solid content concentration, and the fine particle components are completely removed. There was a problem that it could not be achieved and part of it remained.
- filtration is effective as a method for increasing the clarity of liquids with high turbidity in this way.
- the target turbid liquid is filtered.
- a suction filter device such as a precoat filter using an auxiliary agent, or a pressure filtration device such as a filter press
- a method using diatomaceous earth or pearlite, particularly diatomaceous earth, as a filter aid is known (non- (See Patent Document 1).
- a suction filter device such as a precoat filter using an auxiliary agent, or a pressure filtration device such as a filter press
- diatomaceous earth or pearlite particularly diatomaceous earth
- filter aids using organic substances such as cellulose have been developed.
- the filter aid derived from cellulose has the problem that the clarification of the filtrate does not increase and the filtration rate is slower than that of diatomaceous earth for the treatment of a liquid with high turbidity.
- Patent Document 1 a method of controlling the particle size distribution of the cellulose powder and using it as a filter aid
- Patent Document 2 a method of controlling the cellulose content in the filter aid
- an object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose-based filter aid having a higher turbidity removing ability than the conventional one, and a method for producing the same, in the above-described problem, that is, a problem of obtaining a clear liquid from a highly turbid liquid. There is.
- the present inventors as a filter aid for efficiently filtering a difficult-to-filter liquid by filtration treatment, the filter aid obtained by cellulase treatment of cellulose-containing biomass, The present inventors have found that the problems can be solved and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (9).
- Step (A) for obtaining pretreated biomass by pulverizing and / or thermochemically treating cellulose-containing biomass, and treating the pretreated biomass obtained in the step (A) with cellulase to produce a cellulase-treated product A method for producing a filter aid, comprising: a step (B) for obtaining; and a step (C) for obtaining a solid content of the cellulase-treated product obtained in the step (B).
- thermochemical treatment according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the thermochemical treatment is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali treatment, ammonia treatment, acid treatment, hydrothermal treatment and hydrothermal explosion treatment.
- the method of. (5) A filtration method comprising filtering a highly turbid liquid together with the filter aid obtained by the method for producing a filter aid according to any one of (1) to (4).
- the filtration method is a filter press.
- the dry matter addition amount of the filter aid is 0.5% by mass or more and less than 25% by mass with respect to the liquid to be filtered.
- a cellulose-based filter aid containing a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product of cellulose-containing biomass.
- a cellulose-based filter aid having a higher turbidity removal ability than before can be obtained, and a clear liquid can be obtained from a highly turbid liquid by using the filter aid having a higher turbidity removal ability.
- the filter aid of the present invention makes it possible to efficiently obtain a clear filtrate from a difficult-to-filter liquid, and it has been difficult to perform filtration such as biomass-derived waste liquid treatment and microorganism-derived treatment.
- the filtering treatment that has been performed can be realized with a filter aid derived from cellulose, which is an organic substance, and a low-environmental load and low-cost liquid treatment becomes possible.
- a cellulose-based filter aid of the present invention that has been subjected to a specific enzyme treatment is a conventional cellulose-based filter aid in the problem of obtaining a clear liquid from a highly turbid liquid.
- the filter aid of this invention had a higher turbidity removal effect than the conventional diatomaceous earth type filter aid.
- the filter aid of the present invention significantly improves the processing rate of the waste liquid to be filtered as compared with the case of using a conventional cellulosic filter aid.
- the degree of clarity of the filtrate using the filter aid of the present invention was evaluated as the filterability of the microfiltration membrane, the filterability was dramatically limited only to the liquid using the filter aid corresponding to the present invention. It was also found that it can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of cellulose-containing biomass that has been finely pulverized.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the results of SDS-PAGE of cellulase (Accel Race Duet).
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing an SDS-PAGE result of the adsorbed enzyme of the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product.
- FIG. 4 is an optical micrograph showing the state before and after the enzyme treatment of the hydrothermal treatment.
- FIG. 5 is SEM photographs showing states before and after enzyme treatment of ammonia water treatment.
- Step (A) which is the first step of the method for producing a filter aid of the present invention, is a step of pulverizing and / or thermochemically treating cellulose-containing biomass to obtain pretreated biomass.
- the cellulose-containing biomass used here refers to a biological resource containing 5% by mass or more of cellulose.
- biomass containing cellulose herbaceous biomass such as bagasse (sugarcane pomace), switchgrass, napiergrass, Eliansus, corn stover (corn stover), potato residues, rice straw, rice husk, and wheat straw
- woody biomass such as trees and waste building materials.
- the cellulose content as described above is preferably from 10% to 100%, more preferably from 20% to 100%, excluding moisture.
- cellulose-containing biomasses are also called lignocellulose because they contain lignin and cellulose / hemicellulose which are aromatic polymer compounds.
- Cellulose-containing biomass is mainly classified into a cellulose component, a hemicellulose component, a lignin component, and an inorganic component, and the ratio of each component varies greatly depending on the biomass species and growth conditions.
- step (A) in the method for producing a filter aid of the present invention the cellulose-containing biomass is subjected to pulverization and / or thermochemical treatment.
- the processing order of the pulverization process and the thermochemical process is not particularly limited. You may perform simultaneously and you may perform a grinding
- the pulverization is exemplified by a fine pulverization process in which fibers are mechanically cut using a cutter mill, a hammer mill, a grinder, or the like.
- a fine pulverization process in which fibers are mechanically cut using a cutter mill, a hammer mill, a grinder, or the like.
- the first point is that the bulk density at the time of reaction is lowered, and as much cellulose-containing biomass as possible is reacted in the container.
- the second point is that the thermochemical treatment or the enzyme treatment is easily reacted by the pulverization treatment.
- a pulverization process often uses a hammer mill or a cutter mill, and the average particle size here is about 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less although it affects the mesh size to be classified.
- the fine pulverization treatment can be exemplified by ball mill treatment, etc., and by colliding between ceramic beads such as zirconia, finely pulverized powder can be obtained rather than the pulverization treatment, and the average particle size is large in the ball mill time. Although affected, it is about 10 microns or more and 100 microns or less.
- thermochemical treatment is to subject the cellulose-containing biomass to thermal treatment and / or chemical treatment. More specific pretreatment includes acid treatment with high-temperature and high-pressure dilute sulfuric acid or sulfite, alkali treatment with an alkaline aqueous solution such as calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, liquid ammonia or ammonia gas or aqueous ammonia solution. Examples include ammonia treatment to be treated, hydrothermal treatment to be treated with pressurized hot water, and steaming and explosion treatment in which steam is steamed for a short time with steam, and the pressure is instantaneously released and pulverized by volume expansion.
- acid treatment is a treatment method in which an acidic aqueous solution such as sulfuric acid or sulfite and cellulose-containing biomass are treated under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions to obtain a pretreated product.
- the acid treatment is generally characterized in that lignin is dissolved, hydrolysis occurs first from the hemicellulose component having low crystallinity, and then the cellulose component having high crystallinity is decomposed.
- each elution component can also be divided according to the objective by setting two or more steps.
- the acid used in the acid treatment causes hydrolysis and includes, for example, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, but sulfuric acid is desirable from the viewpoint of economy.
- the acid concentration is preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- the reaction temperature can be preferably set within a temperature range of 100 to 300 ° C.
- the reaction time can be preferably set in the range of 1 second to 60 minutes. What is necessary is just to perform the frequency
- the elution component-side liquid obtained by this thermochemical treatment contains a large amount of xylose components derived from hemicellulose in addition to lignin, and may be used for the production of xylose or xylitol produced from xylose.
- xylose components derived from hemicellulose in addition to lignin
- the lignin component tends to be clogged in the process of reducing the filtration treatment.
- hydrothermal treatment is preferably a method of treating with pressurized hot water at a temperature of 100 to 400 ° C. for 1 second to 60 minutes.
- the cellulose-containing biomass that is insoluble in water at a normal temperature of 25 ° C. after the treatment is preferably adjusted to a concentration of 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total total weight of the cellulose-containing biomass and water. Is called.
- the pressure depends on the treatment temperature, but is preferably 0.01 to 10 MPa.
- the elution component to hot water differs depending on the temperature of the pressurized hot water.
- the first group of tannin and lignin flows out from the cellulose-containing biomass first, and then the second group of hemicellulose at a temperature of 140 to 150 ° C. or higher.
- the third group of cellulose flows out when the temperature further exceeds about 230 ° C. Simultaneously with the outflow, hydrolysis reaction of hemicellulose and cellulose may occur.
- the solid material after the treatment is in a finely wet powder or clay state by the decomposition reaction of the hydrothermal treatment as compared with the cellulose-containing biomass before the hydrothermal treatment.
- an enzymatic reaction by cellulase is likely to occur positively, and the performance improvement effect of the filter aid is enhanced.
- these liquid components are useful because they contain a lot of xylose components derived from hemicellulose as described in the acid treatment.
- these liquid components are water-soluble substances containing hemicellulose, lignin, tannin and some cellulose components eluted in pressurized hot water.
- thermochemical treatments hydrothermal explosion treatment is performed by blowing steam into cellulose-containing biomass to a high temperature, exposing it to steam in the range of about 1 MPa to 4 MPa for about 30 seconds to 10 minutes, and then opening it to the atmosphere at once to break it into fine pieces. Is the method.
- This hydrothermal explosion treatment destroys the crystalline state of biomass and at the same time decomposes lignin with heat, so that an enzyme reaction easily occurs and a desired water-insoluble cellulase-treated product can be obtained.
- the solution component derived from the vapor and the lignin component adhering to the wall surface at the time of blasting flow drainage that occurs when idling is generated, the viscosity of the drainage is high and the deposit In many cases, the drainage process is difficult.
- alkali treatment is a treatment method in which cellulose-containing biomass is reacted with an aqueous alkali solution, usually an aqueous solution of a hydroxide salt (excluding ammonium hydroxide).
- a hydroxide salt excluding ammonium hydroxide
- lignin that inhibits the reaction of cellulose / hemicellulose by cellulase can be removed.
- the hydroxide salt sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide is preferably used.
- the concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 60% by mass, and this is added to the cellulose-containing biomass and is usually treated at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C., preferably 110 to 180 ° C.
- the number of processes may be performed once or a plurality of times. When the alkali treatment is performed twice or more, each treatment may be performed under different conditions.
- the cellulose-containing biomass obtained by the alkali treatment is a preferable method for producing an auxiliary agent along with the acid treatment from the viewpoint of decolorization and the like because lignin is very selectively removed by alkali.
- hemicellulose is actively decomposed by applying heat, and has a feature that only a large amount of cellulose component can be left.
- the liquid component contains a lot of lignin
- the precipitation component derived from lignin and the lignin component on the colloid float, and a liquid with strong turbidity is generated.
- This is a so-called black liquor, which is usually centrifuged and evaporated to be used as a combustion agent, but it is difficult to improve the clarity through the filtration process due to its high viscosity and high turbidity. Has characteristics.
- ammonia treatment is a treatment method in which an aqueous ammonia solution or ammonia (liquid or gas) is reacted with cellulose-derived biomass.
- aqueous ammonia solution or ammonia liquid or gas
- JP 2008-161125 A method using pure ammonia
- JP 2008-535664 A method using aqueous ammonia solution
- the crystallinity of the cellulose is broken and the bound state of lignin and hemicellulose is cut off.
- This reaction can be performed at a temperature that is preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower compared to other thermochemical treatments. Therefore, the solid content obtained has a feature that the hemicellulose component is less eluted to the liquid component side than other pretreatments and contains a large amount of hemicellulose. Therefore, it tends to be preferable to use an enzyme agent that easily decomposes hemicellulose as the enzyme for obtaining the filter aid of the present invention.
- liquid components tend to have fewer factors that impede filtration than other thermochemical treatments, but the decomposition reaction of lignin is generated by heat and ammonia, so the lignin-derived colloidal turbidity Ingredients are present.
- the liquid component generated in the thermochemical treatment step is decomposed into a colloidal form by decomposing lignin existing as a matrix around cellulose / hemicellulose in order to apply high temperature and pressure.
- this lignin is clarified by, for example, filtering through a woven fabric or a microfiltration membrane, the liquid components cannot be removed, or the woven fabric or microfiltration membrane is not filtered during filtration. There is a problem that the film is clogged immediately.
- the pretreated biomass obtained in the step (A) is treated with cellulase to obtain a cellulase-treated product.
- cellulase refers to an enzyme component having an activity of degrading a cellulose component in cellulose-containing biomass or assisting in degrading cellulose.
- enzyme components include cellobiohydrodase, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, hemicellulase, biomass swelling enzyme, ⁇ -glucosidase, xylanase, and xylosidase.
- hydrolysis of a cellulose component can be efficiently carried out due to the concerted effect or complementary effect of such a plurality of enzyme components, and is therefore preferably used in the present invention.
- those containing cellobiohydrodase are particularly preferable.
- a cellulase produced by a microorganism can be preferably used.
- it may be a cellulase containing a plurality of enzyme components produced by one kind of microorganism, or may be a mixture of enzyme components produced from a plurality of microorganisms.
- the microorganism that produces cellulase is a microorganism that produces cellulase inside or outside the cell, and preferably a microorganism that produces cellulase outside the cell. This is because recovery of cellulase is easier with microorganisms produced outside the cell.
- a microorganism that produces cellulase produces the above enzyme components.
- filamentous fungi classified into the genus Trichoderma and Acremonium secrete a large amount of various cellulases to the outside of the cells, so that they can be particularly preferably used as microorganisms that produce cellulases.
- the cellulase used in the present invention is preferably a cellulase derived from Trichoderma.
- Trichoderma reesei QM9414 Trichoderma reesei QM9414
- Trichoderma reesei QM9123 Trichoderma reesei QM9123
- Trichoderma reesei RutC-30 Trichoderma reesei PC7
- Trichoderma reesei CL-847 Trichoderma reeseiCL-847
- Trichoderma reesei MCG77 Trichoderma reesei MCG77
- Trichoderma reesei MCG80 Trichoderma reeseiMCG80
- Trichoderma MCG80 More preferably richoderma viride9123) a cellulase from Trichoderma spp such as, and more preferably a cellulase derived from Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma re
- it may be a cellulase derived from a mutant strain in which Trichoderma filamentous fungus is subjected to a mutation treatment with a mutation agent or ultraviolet irradiation to improve cellulase productivity.
- it may be a cellulase having a modified cellulase composition ratio derived from a mutant strain obtained by modifying Trichoderma filamentous fungi so that a part of the enzyme component is expressed in a large amount.
- cellulases derived from the genus Trichoderma can be used.
- Commercially available products include, for example, Novozyme's “Ceric C-Tech” (registered trademark), “Ceric C-Tech 2” (registered trademark), Danisco Japan “Axel Race” (registered trademark) 1000, “Axel Race” (Registered Trademark) 1500, “Accel Race” (Registered Trademark) Duet, “Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei ATCC 26921”, “Cellulase from Trichodermaviride”, and “CellulaseformaTradeform” Can do.
- enzymes of other genera may be mixed with the above cellulase.
- examples of such commercially available enzymes include “Novozymes 188” derived from Aspergillus niger from Novozymes.
- the enzyme which added the enzyme which assists the function of a cellulase may be used.
- the cellulase derived from Trichoderma can be obtained by culturing Trichoderma for any period in a medium prepared to produce enzyme components.
- a medium component to be used a medium to which cellulose is added is preferably used in order to promote the production of cellulase.
- the culture supernatant is preferably used as it is, or a culture supernatant from which Trichoderma cells are removed.
- a protease inhibitor, a dispersant, a dissolution promoter, a stabilizer, and the like may be added as additives.
- the method for obtaining the cellulase-treated product first, water is added to make a slurry, preferably so that the solid content concentration is 40% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the solid content concentration of the object to be processed is not particularly limited, but if it is too small, the efficiency is poor, and is usually 5% by mass or more, preferably 8% by mass or more.
- the pH is further adjusted preferably between 3 and 7, and cellulase, which is a saccharifying enzyme, is converted into a weight by thermochemical treatment and more than 1/1000 to 10 minutes with respect to the dry weight of cellulose-containing biomass before enzyme treatment. It is preferable to make it react in 1 or less of these.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower. This is because when the reaction temperature is 20 ° C. or lower, the enzyme decomposition reaction rate is slow, and when it is 100 ° C. or higher, the enzyme is easily deactivated.
- the reaction time is appropriately set based on the reaction temperature, the solid concentration of the object to be treated, the activity and the amount of cellulase used, and is usually 6 to 96 hours, preferably about 12 to 48 hours.
- step (C) the solid content (water-insoluble cellulase-treated product) of the cellulase-treated product of step (B) is obtained.
- the solid content of the cellulase-treated product referred to in the present invention is a water-insoluble product obtained by solid-liquid separation of the components eluted in water by the cellulase treatment in the step (B). It's sex.
- water-insoluble refers to not dissolving in water, that is, a component that scatters light when present in water. Specifically, it refers to a substance that precipitates in an ultrahigh speed centrifugal state of 10,000 G, and a colloid component substance that does not settle in an ultrahigh speed centrifugal state but the supernatant portion forms a colloidal state.
- the solid content from the cellulase-treated product can be separated by centrifugation or filtration.
- the acceleration of the centrifugal separation is not particularly limited, but the object can be achieved even with a low acceleration. Therefore, from the viewpoint of ease of implementation and cost, it is preferably about 500G to 4000G, and more preferably about 1000G to 3000G.
- the filtration method is not particularly limited, but at this point, it is still highly turbid, and therefore, from the viewpoint of ease of implementation, it is preferable to use a filter press.
- the filter press is a filtration method using a filter cloth using a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric, and can be easily performed using a commercially available filter cloth and apparatus.
- the pressing pressure when performing the filter press is not particularly limited, but is about 0.01 MPa to 2 MPa, preferably about 0.05 MPa to 1 MPa.
- the type of filter press may be vertical or horizontal.
- the liquid feeding method may be performed by a pump or may be pressure-fed by a compressed gas.
- PNEUMAPRESS registered trademark
- Lars Filter registered trademark
- AUTOPAC registered trademark
- the particle size of the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product obtained by the method of the present invention is not limited.
- the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product used in the present invention was photographed with an optical microscope or an electron micrograph, there were particles dispersed in various sizes from several tens of nanometers to several hundreds of microns. This is because an adhesive component derived from lignin that cannot be defined is mixed.
- the composition of the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product obtained by the method of the present invention is preferably a cellulose composition of 10% to 95% by mass, more preferably 20% to 90% by mass.
- Many cellulosic filter aids have a high cellulose composition, so there are many products that are 95% by mass or more, but the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product of the present invention is separate from the cellulosic filter aid.
- the composition before and after the enzyme treatment can be defined because the polysaccharide component is actively decomposed by the enzyme, and the decomposition residue rate after the enzyme treatment (specified by the NREL LAP method, see Reference Example 4). It is preferably 1.5 times or more than before. It is presumed that the cellulose component is selectively decomposed and some of the fibrous particles are refined, and at the same time, only the cellulose component is decomposed to increase the surface area and greatly improve the adhesion rate of turbid components. is doing.
- a preferable decomposition residue rate is 1.5 times or more, more preferably 1.7 times or more and 50 times or less.
- the decomposition residue rate is set to 1.5 times or more from the value of the example as a case of a reaction time of 24 hours from an economical viewpoint, although the decomposition proceeds if time is taken by reaction with cellulase.
- the upper limit is preferably set to 50 times or less.
- the present invention also provides a cellulosic filter aid that can be produced by the above-described method and includes a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product of cellulose-containing biomass.
- the cellulose-based filter aid is a filter aid in which the cellulose-containing biomass is a raw material.
- Examples of commercially available cellulose-based filter aids include “Vitacel” (registered trademark) 600/30, 600/20, 600/10, 600/05, and “Arbocel” (registered trademark) 600 / manufactured by Rettenmeier.
- the reason why the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product used in the present invention functions as a filter aid with high efficiency is that there are fine components due to cellulase degradation and components that hardly undergo degradation reaction by enzymatic reaction even after grinding thermochemical treatment. It is presumed that the mixture is present, the adhering components derived from lignin generated during the enzyme reaction adsorb turbid components, and these effects are acting in a complex manner.
- inventions of the filter aid of the present invention include water treatment, middle water treatment, sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, chemical industry, food industry, and pharmaceutical purification.
- preferred applications are sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, food industry, chemical industry, and pharmaceutical industry that require difficulty in lowering turbidity.
- a more preferred application is filtration of turbid liquids such as biomass-derived waste liquid generated by the above-described pulverization treatment or thermochemical treatment, or fermentation-derived waste liquid containing microorganisms such as yeast and fungi.
- Biomass-derived waste liquor contains many lignin-derived hydrophobic substances, and fermentation-derived waste liquor contains many microorganisms such as several micron-sized yeasts and fungi, both of which have low specific gravity and adherence. It is characterized by high organic substances being turbid substances. These are factors that tend to clog the woven fabric and the microfiltration membrane in the filtration process.
- the filtrate treated with the filter aid of the present invention has a feature that the fouling components generated when the membrane treatment is performed in the latter stage can be greatly reduced.
- the filter aid used in the present invention the applicability is high as a pretreatment of post-treatment, particularly filtration processes such as microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes.
- the membrane of the present invention is used when the membrane material is derived from a polymer compound. Auxiliaries are particularly effective.
- the filtration treatment method using the filter aid of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a filtration treatment method using a filter cloth using a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric is more preferable.
- the filter cloth may be formed on the filter cloth by membrane formation at the microfiltration membrane level. More preferably, it is vacuum filtration or pressure filtration using the filter cloth. Examples of vacuum filtration include Nutsche type, belt filter type, and belt press type filtration methods. Examples of pressure filtration include filtration methods such as centrifugal filtration, filter press, and rotary press. Among these, pressure filtration is preferable for the filtration method of the present invention.
- the filter aid of the present invention when used, since there are particles finely divided by the enzyme treatment, the pressure loss due to the filter aid is large, so the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side can be increased. This is because the pressure filtration is preferable.
- the filter press among pressure filtration, the filter press can greatly reduce the water content by pressing the mixture of the filter aid used and the solid content of the treatment liquid, and the solid content obtained by the filter press can be easily obtained. This is because it can be combusted and has a low moisture content and a high combustion efficiency, so that secondary effects such as energy recovery from the solid content can be obtained.
- the filtration method itself can be performed by a known filtration method except that the filtration is performed together with the filter aid of the present invention.
- cellulase is adhered to the cellulose-containing biomass that is the object to be treated.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product to perform SDS-PAGE analysis. It is possible to determine whether or not cellulase treatment has been performed.
- As a component adhering to cellulose-containing biomass it has a feature that the amount of cellobiohydrolase is particularly large among cellulases.
- Measured values in the following examples, comparative examples, and reference examples are measured at three points and are average values.
- Reference Example 1 Rice biomass and wheat straw, which are biomass used as samples, were pulverized to a size of 2 mm to 3 mm using a cutter continuous mill (manufactured by IKA, MF10 basicS1).
- the sample was transferred to a stainless steel bat and air-dried in a laboratory atmosphere until the equilibrium was approximately reached.
- the sample was pulverized by a Willet mill, and the particle size was adjusted to about 200 to 500 ⁇ m by sieving.
- the sample after this condition adjustment was vacuum-dried at a temperature of 60 ° C., and the content of each component on an absolute dry basis was calculated by correcting the absolute dry mass.
- 0.3 g of this analytical sample was weighed into a beaker using a balance, 3 mL of 72% sulfuric acid was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 30 ° C. with occasional stirring for 1 hour.
- This reaction solution was completely transferred to a pressure-resistant bottle with 84 mL of purified water, and then thermally decomposed at 120 ° C. for 1 hour in an autoclave. After the thermal decomposition, the decomposition solution and the residue were separated by filtration, and added to the washing solution of the filtrate and the residue to make a constant volume of 100 mL.
- an addition recovery test using a monosaccharide was performed in parallel to correct the excessive decomposition of the sugar during the thermal decomposition.
- Monosaccharides (xylose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, galactose) in the test solution were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (GL-7400, fluorescence detection manufactured by GL Science). The constituent sugar amount in the sample was calculated from the monosaccharide concentration of the obtained decomposition solution and the sample decomposition amount.
- the amount of constituent sugar was determined from a monosaccharide addition recovery test.
- the amount of constituent sugar was corrected using a sugar hyperdegradation correction coefficient (Sf: survival factor) at the time of thermal decomposition.
- Sf sugar hyperdegradation correction coefficient
- yeast solution was prepared using a yeast strain (OC2, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wine yeast).
- a medium a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 sterilized by filter (Millipore, Stericup 0.22 ⁇ m) was used for fermentation.
- the OC2 strain was cultured in a test tube with 5 mL of a fermentation medium (preculture medium) with shaking overnight (preculture). Yeast was recovered from the resulting precultured solution by centrifugation and washed well with 15 mL of sterile water. The washed yeast was inoculated into 100 mL of the medium shown in Table 1, and cultured with shaking in a 500 mL Sakaguchi flask for 24 hours (main culture). A plurality of yeast solutions thus obtained were cultured so that a predetermined amount was obtained.
- Example 1 Filter Aid Obtained by Dilute Sulfuric Acid Treatment / Enzyme Treatment
- the rice straw ground biomass obtained in Reference Example 1 above was immersed in a 1% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and autoclaved at a temperature of 150 ° C. for 30 minutes (Nitto A high pressure autoclave was used.) After the treatment, solid-liquid separation was performed to separate into a sulfuric acid aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as a dilute sulfuric acid treatment solution) and sulfate-treated cellulose.
- a dilute sulfuric acid treatment solution hereinafter referred to as a dilute sulfuric acid treatment solution
- centrifugation (1500 G) was performed for 1 minute as a simulation condition of the screw decanter device, and a water-insoluble cellulase treated product (hereinafter referred to as an enzyme treatment aid) having a moisture content of 76.4% by mass as a solid content was obtained. .
- 500 g of the enzyme processing aid was added to 1 L of the dilute sulfuric acid treatment solution to make a total of 1.5 kg, and after stirring into a uniform slurry solution, a filter press treatment was performed (manufactured by Iwata Sangyo Co., Ltd., (Uses a small filtration device MO-4.) Since the initial filtrate had high turbidity, the filtrate obtained in 1 minute from the start of filtration was returned to the raw water tank.
- the filter cloth used was T2731C, and the filtration time was 24 minutes.
- the diluted sulfuric acid treatment solution before the filter press treatment was 300 NTU, but the solution after the filter press treatment was 5 NTU.
- Example 1 The dilute sulfuric acid treatment liquid of Example 1 (referred to as liquid A), the liquid subjected to filter press treatment without addition of any dilute sulfuric acid treatment liquid (referred to as liquid B), and the sulfuric acid-treated cellulose of Example 1 were further diluted.
- Table 2 summarizes the turbidity and the results of the microfiltration membrane treatment similar to that in Example 1.
- Example 2 In addition to the clarified matters described in Example 1, the turbidity and filtration of the microfiltration membrane were observed from the comparison with the liquid D of Comparative Example 1 because the filtration rate of the microfiltration membrane was slow even when the turbidity was as low as 12 NTU. It has also been found that the speeds do not necessarily match.
- Example 2 Filter aid obtained by the present invention (when obtained by a filter press)
- the sulfuric acid / enzyme-treated slurry liquid obtained in Example 1 was subjected to filter press treatment (pressing pressure: 0.5 MPa) to obtain a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product having a water content of 52.1% as a solid content.
- the solid-liquid separation method before performing the enzyme treatment is not particularly limited and may be either a filtration method or a centrifugation method.
- Example 3 Filter aid obtained by hydrothermal treatment / enzyme treatment
- Rice husks of rice were soaked in water and autoclaved (manufactured by Nitto Koatsu Co., Ltd.) for 20 minutes at a temperature of 180 ° C. with stirring. The pressure at that time was 7 MPa.
- the solution component hereinafter referred to as hydrothermally treated liquid
- solid component hereinafter referred to as hydrothermally treated biomass
- Water is added to the hydrothermal treatment biomass component so that the solid content is 10% by mass, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is added so that the pH is 5, and the slurry liquid is adjusted, and the accelerator race duet is adjusted to the total amount of the slurry liquid. Added 1/40. Next, this was allowed to react for 24 hours while stirring at a temperature of 50 ° C. The slurry after the reaction was centrifuged at a pressure of 1500 G for 1 minute to obtain a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product. The water content of the obtained enzyme processing aid was 78.1%.
- Example 1 500 g of the above-mentioned enzyme processing aid was added to 1 L of the hydrothermal treatment liquid to make a total of 1.5 kg, and this was stirred to obtain a uniform slurry liquid, and then the same filter press treatment as in Example 1 was performed.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid before the filter press treatment was 1000 NTU or more, but the liquid after the filter press treatment was 5 NTU.
- the dead end filtration process by the microfiltration membrane similar to Example 1 was performed using 100 mL of hydrothermal-treatment liquids after a process. The results are shown in Table 4 (Results of hydrofiltration treatment (hydrothermal treatment liquid)).
- Example 4 Filter aid obtained by steaming explosion treatment Hydrothermal explosion equipment (manufactured by Nippon Electric Heating Co., Ltd., 30 L size), rice straw pulverized biomass was introduced, steam was introduced, and 2.5 MPa was applied for 2.5 minutes. The blasting process was carried out. During operation, drainage (empty strike drainage) was generated. The moisture content of the crushed biomass was 84.4%. Add water so that the solid content of explosive biomass is 10% by mass, add aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 5, adjust the slurry liquid, and make Accel Race Duet 1/40 of the total amount of slurry liquid. Added. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 24 hours while keeping the temperature at 50 ° C. and stirring. The slurry liquid after the reaction was subjected to filter press treatment to obtain a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product having a water content of 50.9%.
- the obtained enzyme processing aid has no fluidity and is solidified
- 100 g of the enzyme processing aid crushed by hand is added to 1.8 L of the blasting effluent, and stirred for a total of about 2 kg to obtain a uniform slurry solution.
- the same filter press treatment as in Example 1 was performed.
- the filtration time was 20 minutes.
- the explosion effluent before the filter press treatment was 1000 NTU or more, but the solution after the filter press treatment was 2 NTU.
- the microfiltration membrane process similar to Example 1 was performed using 100 mL of the blasting waste liquid after the said process. The results are shown in Table 5 (Results when treated with microfiltration membrane (explosive effluent)).
- Example 1 From the comparison result with Comparative Example 3, as in Example 1, in the blasting treatment, the blasting treatment was performed as a physicochemical treatment, and then used as an enzyme-treated filter aid. It was found that the turbidity of the liquid was reduced and the effect of removing turbid components was high. Furthermore, it has been found that the filtration rate with a microfiltration membrane is also greatly improved.
- Example 5 Filter aid obtained by alkali treatment / enzyme treatment
- Straw pulverized biomass was immersed in a 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and autoclaved at a temperature of 150 ° C. for 10 minutes (using an autoclave manufactured by Nitto Koatsu Co., Ltd.).
- solid-liquid separation was performed to separate wastewater after sodium hydroxide treatment (hereinafter referred to as an alkali treatment liquid) and alkali-treated cellulose.
- the alkali-treated cellulose and the alkali-treated liquid were stirred and mixed so that the solid content concentration was 10% by mass, and then the pH was adjusted to around 5 with dilute sulfuric acid to obtain a mixed liquid.
- An accelerator race duet was added as a cellulase to this mixed solution, and a hydrolysis reaction was performed while stirring and mixing at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 1 day to obtain an enzyme-treated slurry solution. Thereafter, centrifugation (1500 G) was performed for 1 minute as a simulation condition of the screw decanter device, and a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product having a water content of 77.5% as a solid content was obtained.
- Example 1 500 g of the above-mentioned enzyme processing aid was added to 1 L of the alkali processing solution to make a total of 1.5 kg, and after stirring to obtain a uniform slurry, the same filter press processing as in Example 1 was performed.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid before the filter press treatment was 630 NTU, but the liquid after the filter press treatment was 6 NTU.
- dead-end filtration treatment was performed using the same microfiltration membrane as in Example 1.
- Table 6 turbidity of treatment liquid and microfiltration membrane treatment were used as indices. Liquidity difference (alkali treatment liquid)).
- Comparative Example 4 Alkaline treatment liquid (referred to as liquid K), liquid subjected to filter press treatment without adding an auxiliary agent (referred to as liquid L), and liquid subjected to filter press treatment after adding alkali-treated cellulose as they are.
- Table 6 shows the results of turbidity and microfiltration treatment tests performed on liquid M, as in Example 5. From the comparison result with Example 5, as in Example 1, the raw material was straw, and further, the alkali treatment was performed as a physicochemical treatment, and then used as an enzyme-treated filter aid. It turned out that the turbidity of a liquid fell and the removal effect of a turbid component was high. Furthermore, it has been found that the filtration rate with a microfiltration membrane is also greatly improved.
- Example 6 Filter aid obtained by ammonia water treatment / enzyme treatment 300 g of rice straw pulverized biomass was immersed in 2.7 kg of 1.5 N aqueous ammonia solution and autoclaved at a temperature of 180 ° C. for 20 minutes (manufactured by Nitto Koatsu Co., Ltd.) Used autoclave.). After the treatment, solid-liquid separation was performed to separate into waste water after treatment with ammonia water (hereinafter referred to as ammonia treatment solution) and ammonia-treated cellulose. Next, the ammonia-treated cellulose and the ammonia-treated liquid were stirred and mixed so that the solid content concentration was 10% by mass, and then the pH was adjusted to around 5 with dilute sulfuric acid to obtain a mixed solution.
- ammonia treatment solution ammonia water
- ammonia-treated cellulose and the ammonia-treated liquid were stirred and mixed so that the solid content concentration was 10% by mass, and then the pH was adjusted to around 5 with dilute sulfuric acid to obtain a mixed solution.
- An accelerator race duet was added as a cellulase to this mixed solution, and a hydrolysis reaction was performed while stirring and mixing at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 1 day to obtain an enzyme-treated slurry solution. Thereafter, centrifugation (1500 G) was performed for 1 minute as a simulation condition of the screw decanter device, and a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product having a water content of 76.4% as a solid content was obtained.
- Example 1 500 g of the above-mentioned enzyme processing aid was added to 1 L of the hydrothermal treatment liquid to make a total of 1.5 kg, and after stirring into a uniform slurry liquid, the same filter press treatment as in Example 1 was performed.
- the hydrothermal treatment liquid before the filter press treatment was 360 NTU, but the liquid after the filter press treatment was 3 NTU.
- the dead end filtration process by the microfiltration membrane similar to Example 1 was performed using 100 mL of hydrothermal-treatment liquids after a process. The results are shown in Table 7 (difference in liquid properties (ammonia treatment liquid) using the turbidity of the treatment liquid and the microfiltration membrane treatment as an index).
- Example 6 Like Example 1, after performing ammonia treatment as a physicochemical treatment, the turbidity of the treatment liquid is reduced compared to other cases by using it as a filter aid subjected to enzyme treatment. It was found that the effect of removing turbid components was high. Furthermore, it has been found that the filtration rate in the microfiltration membrane is also greatly improved.
- the filter aid obtained in the present invention is more effective for removing turbidity and the microfiltration membrane of the treatment liquid than the conventional filter aid diatomaceous earth filter aid. It was proved that it was excellent in terms of the filtration rate effect.
- Example 7 A filter aid obtained by enzymatic treatment of a commercially available filter aid KC Flock (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.), “Arbocel” (registered trademark) (manufactured by Rettenmeier), Example 1 in Accel Race Duet
- KC Flock manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
- Albocel registered trademark
- Example 1 in Accel Race Duet
- each enzyme-treated product is added to a dilute sulfuric acid treatment solution, a hydrothermal treatment solution, and a yeast solution so that the dry solids concentration is 5%, respectively, and is filtered by a filter press. It was. Further, these liquids were subjected to the same microfiltration membrane treatment as in Example 1.
- Comparative Example 8 Using finely pulverized biomass (only finely pulverized) Using a planetary ball mill “PLANET H” (manufactured by GOKIN PLANETARING), fine pulverization was performed. Simultaneously with 30 g of pulverized biomass of rice straw, 30 g of zirconia beads (“Traceram” (registered trademark) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., particle diameter ⁇ 0.05 mm ⁇ )) was placed in a container and pulverized for 20 hours. This was passed through a 30 ⁇ m sieve to remove zirconia beads to obtain finely pulverized cellulose. This finely pulverized biomass was used as a filter aid.
- Table 13 shows the results of turbidity after filter press treatment and filtration time during microfiltration membrane treatment. Compared to Comparative Example 7 (Tables 9 and 10), it can be seen that finely pulverized cellulose improves the filtration performance compared to commercially available cellulose-based filter aids. This is as described in JP-A-9-173728.
- Example 8 When the filter aid obtained in the present invention is obtained (fine pulverization + enzyme treatment / hydrothermal treatment liquid, yeast liquid)
- the finely pulverized biomass obtained in Comparative Example 8 was subjected to the same enzyme treatment as in Example 1 with an accelerator race duet, and each enzyme-treated product was dried into a dilute sulfuric acid treatment solution, a hydrothermal treatment solution, and a yeast solution, respectively. It added so that solid content concentration might be 5%, and the filtration process by the filter press was performed. Furthermore, these liquids were subjected to the same microfiltration membrane treatment as in Example 1.
- Example 9 When a belt filter (precoat / body feed) is used (inferior to a filter press) An attempt was made to obtain a clarified liquid by vacuum filtration using a vacuum horizontal belt filter (ADPEC manufactured by Ataca Daiki Co., Ltd.).
- ADPEC vacuum horizontal belt filter
- As a filter medium an enzyme-treated product of sulfuric acid-treated cellulose with respect to a dilute sulfuric acid-treated solution, an enzyme-treated product of hydrothermally-treated biomass with respect to a hydrothermally-treated solution, and an enzyme-treated product of explosive biomass with respect to a yeast solution with a solid content concentration of 5 It added so that it might become mass%, and the filtration process by a belt filter was performed.
- Comparative Example 9 Experiments using the same vacuum horizontal belt filter were carried out using a sulfuric acid-treated cellulose as a filter medium, a hydrothermally treated biomass as a hydrothermally treated liquid, and an explosion biomass as a yeast liquid with a solid content concentration of 5%. It added so that it might become, and the filtration process by a belt filter was performed. The results are shown in Table 15. From the comparison with Example 9, it was found that the effect as a filter aid was low even when biomass not subjected to enzyme treatment was used as a filter aid.
- Comparative Example 10 When hemicellulase was reacted After adding water to the sulfuric acid-treated cellulose obtained in Example 1 and adjusting the pH to 6, Optimase CX (manufactured by Danisco Japan) was used as the hemicellulase at a temperature of 60 ° C. The solid content was obtained with a centrifuge. The hemicellulase-treated product obtained above was added as a filter aid to a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution and stirred to obtain a uniform slurry, followed by filter press treatment. The filtration time was 90 minutes. Table 16 (when hemicellulase treatment is performed) shows the turbidity of this treatment liquid and the results of microfiltration membrane treatment similar to that in Example 1.
- the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product is suspended in SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution) as a surfactant, and the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product is precipitated at a pressure of 8000 G for 5 minutes to collect the supernatant. .
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution
- the obtained supernatant was mixed with the same amount of sample processing buffer (ATTO EzApply) and treated at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a treated sample.
- the obtained treated sample was applied to a 15% by mass electrophoresis gel (ATTO e-PAGEEL) and subjected to electrophoresis (40 mA, 30 min). The gel was taken out, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (Bio-Rad, Bio-safe CBB), and decolorized with distilled water.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of SDS-PAGE of the enzyme solution itself of Accel Race Duet, which is a commercially available cellulase.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of SDS-PAGE of the supernatant obtained by subjecting the water-insoluble cellulase-treated product after treatment with the enzyme (using an accelerator race duet) to the explosion-treated biomass to SDS.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 what corresponds to the right side of FIG. 2 and the left side of FIG. 3 is an electrophoresis of a balance liquid containing a large number of colored proteins whose molecular weights are known.
- a peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 75 kDa to 100 kDa of the balance liquid corresponds to cellobiohydrodase. Therefore, it can be said from the comparison between FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 that among the adsorbed enzymes, the amount of cellobiohydrodase adsorbed is large. That is, in order to identify the filter aid of the present invention, whether the cell aid is attached to the filter aid of the present invention by performing the above-described treatment, does it fall under the filter aid of the present invention? Whether or not can be identified.
- Reference Example 10 Solid content addition rate Using a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product obtained by enzyme-treating hydrothermally-treated biomass with respect to a hydrothermally-treated solution, and a water-insoluble cellulase-treated product obtained by enzymatically treating ammonia-treated cellulose with respect to a yeast solution.
- the solid content concentration was preferably examined.
- the solid content concentration is a value obtained by measuring the water content of each filter aid, measuring the dry weight, and dividing by the total amount of the filter aid and the liquid to be treated.
- the turbidity obtained by the filter press treatment after each addition is shown in Table 17 (turbidity at each treatment [unit: NTU]). When the solid content concentration was 25%, the filtrate could not be obtained in a state where it was difficult to send the slurry liquid for the filter press treatment.
- Reference Example 12 Change in Particle Size Regarding the state before and after the enzyme treatment of Example 3 (hydrothermal treatment) and Example 6 (ammonia treatment), the micrograph of Example 3 and the SEM photograph taken on the microfiltration membrane of Example 6 Are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively. 4 and 5 that the size is reduced by the enzyme treatment.
- the size of the processed product obtained there are many 200 ⁇ m sizes from FIG. Therefore, it is surmised that the turbidity removal mechanism, which cannot be explained only by reducing the particle size, works for the filter aid of the present invention, as in Comparative Example 8 and JP-A-9-173728.
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Abstract
Description
(2) 前記セルラーゼがセルビオハイドロラーゼを含む、(1)に記載の方法。
(3) 非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物のNRELのLAP法を用いた分解残渣率が、セルラーゼ処理前に比べて1.5倍以上である、(1)または(2)に記載の方法。
(4) 熱化学処理が、アルカリ処理、アンモニア処理、酸処理、水熱処理および水熱爆砕処理から成る群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、(1)から(3)のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(5) 高濁質液を、(1)から(4)のいずれか1項に記載のろ過助剤の製造方法で得られるろ過助剤と共にろ過処理することを含む、ろ過方法。
(6) ろ過処理方法がフィルタプレスである、(5)に記載の方法。
(7) ろ過助剤の乾燥物添加量が、ろ過処理される液に対して0.5質量%以上25質量%未満である、(5)または(6)に記載の方法。
(8) セルロース含有バイオマスの非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を含む、セルロース系ろ過助剤。
(9) セルラーゼが、セロビオハイドロダーゼを含む、(8)に記載のろ過助剤。
この熱化学処理で得られる溶出成分側の液は、リグニンの他にヘミセルロース由来のキシロース成分を多く含み、キシロースまたはキシロースから製造されるキシリトールなどの製造に利用できる可能性がある。しかしながら、リグニンもヘミセルロース同様に溶出されてしまうため、ろ過処理を減る工程においてリグニン成分が目詰まりを起こしやすい傾向にある。また、遠心分離を試みても、リグニンは芳香族系の有機ポリマーであることから比重が軽く、微粒子化したものまで効率的に除去することは実質不可能である。上記のことからこのような微粒子成分も高効率で除去するために、ろ過法を安定的にろ過する技術が求められている。
バイオマスである稲わらおよび麦わらを、カッター連続式ミル(IKA製、MF10 basicS1)を用いて、2mm~3mmの大きさまで粉砕処理した粉砕バイオマスを得た。
含水率については、赤外線水分計(ケット科学研究所製、FD-720)を使用して、試料を120℃の温度に保持し、蒸発後の安定値と初期値の差分から得られる値を測定した。
液(ろ過前とろ過後)の濁度については、携帯用濁度計(HACH製2100P)を使用して測定した。
NRELが発行しているLAP法(“Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass, Laboratory Analytical Procedure(LAP)”)を参考に、次に示す方法で組成を分析した。
酵母株(OC2、サッカロマセス・セレビシエ、ワイン酵母)を用いて、酵母液を作成した。培地は、表1の組成の培地をフィルター滅菌(ミリポア、ステリカップ0.22μm)したものを発酵に用いた。
上記の参考例1で得られた稲わらの粉砕バイオマスを硫酸の1%水溶液に浸し、150℃の温度で30分間オートクレーブ処理(日東高圧社製オートクレーブを使用。)した。処理後、固液分離を行い、硫酸水溶液(以下、希硫酸処理液とする。)と硫酸処理セルロースに分離した。次に、硫酸処理セルロースと固形分濃度が10質量%となるように、希硫酸処理液と攪拌混合した後、水酸化ナトリウムによってpHを5付近に調整し混合液を得た。この混合液に、セルラーゼとしてアクセルレース デュエット(トリコデルマ・リーセイ由来、ダニスコ・ジャパン社製)を添加し、50℃の温度で1日間攪拌混同しながら、加水分解反応を行い、硫酸・酵素処理スラリー液を得た。その後、スクリューデカンタ装置の模擬条件として遠心分離(1500G)を1分間行い、固形分として含水率76.4質量%の非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物(以下、酵素処理助剤とする。)を得た。
実施例1の希硫酸処理液(液Aとする。)、希硫酸処理液を何も添加せずにフィルタプレス処理した液(液Bとする。)、さらに実施例1の硫酸処理セルロースを希硫酸処理液に混合して実施例1と同様のフィルタプレス処理した液(液Cとする。)、および希硫酸処理液をデラバル型遠心分離機(GEAウエストファリア製)により8000Gで遠心処理した液(液Dとする。)を、それぞれ100mL準備した。それぞれの濁度とさらに実施例1と同様の精密ろ過膜処理した結果を、まとめて表2に示す。実施例1記載の判明事項のほかに、比較例1の液Dとの比較から、濁度が12NTUと低い場合においても精密ろ過膜のろ過速度が遅いことから、濁度と精密ろ過膜のろ過速度は必ずしも一致しないことも判明した。
実施例1で得られた硫酸・酵素処理スラリー液を、フィルタプレス処理(圧搾圧力:0.5MPa)をし、固形分として含水率52.1%の非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を得た。
稲の籾殻を水に浸し、撹拌しながら180℃の温度で20分間オートクレーブ処理(日東高圧社製)した。その際の圧力は、7MPaであった。オートクレーブ処理後は、溶液成分(以下、水熱処理液とする。)と固形分(以下、水熱処理バイオマスとする。)成分に遠心分離機(1500G)を用いて固液分離した。この水熱処理バイオマス成分に固形分10質量%になるようにして水を添加し、pHが5になるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加してスラリー液を調整し、アクセルレース デュエットをスラリー液総量の40分の1添加した。次いでこれを、50℃の温度に保温して攪拌しながら、24時間反応させた。反応後のスラリー液を1500Gの圧力で1分間遠心分離し非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を得た。得られた酵素処理助剤の含水率は、78.1%であった。
実施例3の水熱処理液(液Eとする。)、水熱処理液をそのままフィルタプレス処理した液(液Fとする。)、および水熱処理バイオマスを添加しフィルタプレス処理した液(液Gとする。)について、実施例3と同様の精密ろ過膜によるデッドエンド濾過試験処理を行った。結果を、表4に示す。なお、水熱処理液をそのままフィルタプレス処理を行ったところ、5分後にろ布が目詰まりして処理液がほとんど得られず、120mLしか得られなかった。得られたうち100mLを、液Fとして同様の精密ろ過膜処理に供した。
水熱爆砕装置(日本電熱社製、30Lサイズ)に、稲わらの粉砕バイオマスを投入して蒸気を導入し、2.5MPaを2.5分間維持して爆砕処理を行った。運転時には、排液(空打ち排液)が発生した。この爆砕したバイオマスの含水率は、84.4%であった。爆砕バイオマスを固形分10質量%になるようにして水を添加し、pHが5になるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加しスラリー液を調整し、アクセルレース デュエットをスラリー液総量の40分の1添加した。50℃の温度に保温して攪拌しながら、24時間反応させた。反応後のスラリー液をフィルタプレス処理し、含水率50.9%の非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を得た。
爆砕排水(液Hとする。)、爆砕排水を助剤を添加せずにフィルタプレス処理を行った液(液Iとする。)、および爆砕バイオマスをそのまま添加後、フィルタプレス処理した液(液Jとする。)について、実施例4と同様にそれぞれ濁度および精密ろ過処理試験を行った結果を表5に示す。爆砕バイオマスを添加後、フィルタプレス処理した液Fについては、フィルタプレスが困難で処理開始3分程度でろ布が目詰まりして200mLしか得られなかった。うち、100mLを精密ろ過処理に供した。
麦わらの粉砕バイオマスを水酸化ナトリウム5%水溶液に浸し、150℃の温度で10分間オートクレーブ処理(日東高圧社製のオートクレーブを使用。)した。処理後、固液分離を行い、水酸化ナトリウム処理後の排水(以下、アルカリ処理液とする。)とアルカリ処理セルロースに分離した。次に、アルカリ処理セルロースと固形分濃度が10質量%となるようにアルカリ処理液と攪拌混合した後、希硫酸によって、pHを5付近に調整し混合液を得た。この混合液に、セルラーゼとしてアクセルレース デュエットを添加し、50℃の温度で1日間攪拌混同しながら、加水分解反応を行い、酵素処理スラリー液を得た。その後、スクリューデカンタ装置の模擬条件として遠心分離(1500G)を1分間行い、固形分として含水率77.5%の非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を得た。
アルカリ処理液(液Kとする。)、アルカリ排水を助剤を添加せずに、フィルタプレス処理を行った液(液Lとする。)およびアルカリ処理セルロースをそのまま添加後、フィルタプレス処理した液(液Mとする。)について、実施例5と同様にそれぞれ濁度および精密ろ過処理試験を行った結果を、表6に示す。実施例5との比較結果から、実施例1と同様、原料が麦わら、さらにアルカリ処理を物理化学処理として行った後、酵素処理したろ過助剤として用いたことによって、他の場合と比べて処理液の濁度が低下し、濁質成分の除去効果が高いことが判明した。さらに精密ろ過膜でのろ過速度も大幅に向上することが判明した。
稲わらの粉砕バイオマス300gを1.5規定のアンモニア水溶液2.7kgに浸し、180℃の温度で20分間オートクレーブ処理(日東高圧社製のオートクレーブを使用。)した。処理後、固液分離を行い、アンモニア水処理後の排水(以下、アンモニア処理液とする。)とアンモニア処理セルロースに分離した。次に、アンモニア処理セルロースと固形分濃度が10質量%となるようにアンモニア処理液と攪拌混合した後、希硫酸によって、pHを5付近に調整し混合液を得た。この混合液に、セルラーゼとしてアクセルレース デュエットを添加し、50℃の温度で1日間攪拌混同しながら、加水分解反応を行い、酵素処理スラリー液を得た。その後、スクリューデカンタ装置の模擬条件として遠心分離(1500G)を1分間行い、固形分として含水率76.4%の非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を得た。
アンモニア処理液(液Nとする。)、アンモニア処理液を助剤を添加せずにフィルタプレス処理を行った液(液Oとする。)、およびアンモニア処理セルロースをそのまま添加後、フィルタプレス処理した液(液Pとする。)について、実施例6と同様にそれぞれ濁度および精密ろ過処理試験を行った結果を、表7に示す。
珪藻土2種(昭和化学工業社製、“ラジオライト”(登録商標)#300)を使用して、実施例1の希硫酸処理液と、実施例3の水熱処理液と、参考例5の酵母液の濁質成分を除去した液を用意した。まず、各液1Lにラジオライト“#300”を50g添加した後、フィルタプレス処理を行った。さらにこれらの液について、実施例1と同様の精密ろ過膜処理を行った。フィルタプレス処理後の濁度と精密ろ過膜処理時のろ過時間の結果を、表8(各種濁質液に対する珪藻土ろ過助剤の効果)に示す。
市販セルロース系ろ過助剤であるKCフロック(日本製紙社製)と、“アルボセル”(登録商標)(レッテンマイヤー社製)を、希硫酸処理液、水熱処理液、および酵母液に、それぞれ乾燥固形分濃度が5%となるように添加して、フィルタプレスによるろ過処理を行った。さらにこれらの液について、実施例1と同様の精密ろ過膜処理を行った。フィルタプレス処理後の濁度と精密ろ過膜処理時のろ過時間の結果を、表9(各種濁質液に対するKCフロックの効果)、および表10(各種濁質液に対するアルボセルの効果)に示す。
KCフロック(日本製紙社製)、“アルボセル”(登録商標)(レッテンマイヤー社製)を用いて、アクセルレース デュエットで実施例1と同様の酵素処理を行い、それぞれの酵素処理物を、希硫酸処理液、水熱処理液、酵母液にそれぞれ乾燥固形分濃度が5%となるように添加して、フィルタプレスによるろ過処理を行った。さらにこれらの液について、実施例1と同様の精密ろ過膜処理を行った。フィルタプレス処理後の濁度と精密ろ過膜処理時のろ過時間の結果を、表11(各種濁質液に対するKCフロック・酵素処理後の効果)、および表12(各種濁質液に対するアルボセルの効果)に示す。このように、比較例7と比較して市販のセルロースろ過助剤においてもセルラーゼによる酵素処理を行うことによってろ剤の濁質除去性能が向上していることが示唆される。
遊星ボールミル「PLANET H」(GOKIN PLANETARING社製)を用いて、微粉砕処理を行った。稲わらの粉砕バイオマス30gに対してと同時に、容器にジルコニアビーズ(東レ社製“トレセラム”(登録商標)、粒径Φ0.05mmΦ)30g入れて、20時間微粉砕処理を行った。これを30μmのふるいにかけてジルコニアビーズを除去して、微粉砕セルロースを得た。この微粉砕バイオマスを、ろ過助剤として使用した。使用前の微粉砕セルロースを、SEM(日立ハイテクノロジー社製S-4800)で観察したところ、図1のようにほぼ全ての微粉砕セルロースは20μm前後の流刑を有している非繊維状の形状であった。
比較例8で得られた微粉砕バイオマスをアクセルレース デュエットで、実施例1と同様の酵素処理を行い、それぞれの酵素処理物を、希硫酸処理液、水熱処理液、および酵母液に、それぞれ乾燥固形分濃度が5%となるように添加して、フィルタプレスによるろ過処理を行った。さらに、これらの液について、実施例1と同様の精密ろ過膜処理を行った。フィルタプレス処理後の濁度と精密ろ過膜処理時のろ過時間の結果を、表14(各種濁質液に対する微粉砕バイオマス・酵素処理後の効果)に示す。このように、比較例8(表13)と比較して、市販のセルロースろ過助剤よりもろ過性能が向上した微粉砕セルロースにおいても、セルラーゼによる酵素処理を行うことによって、ろ剤の濁質除去性能が飛躍的に向上していることが示唆される。
真空水平ベルトフィルタ(アタカ大機社製 ADPEC)を用いて、真空ろ過により清澄液を得ることを試みた。ろ材としては、希硫酸処理液に対して硫酸処理セルロースの酵素処理物、水熱処理液に対して水熱処理バイオマスの酵素処理物、酵母液に対して、爆砕バイオマスの酵素処理物を固形分濃度5質量%となるように添加して、ベルトフィルタによるろ過処理を行った。結果を、表15(各種濁質液に対する各ろ過助剤添加時の効果)に示す。表15のとおり、加圧ろ過法であるフィルタプレスに比べて、ろ過速度の面で真空ろ過であるベルトフィルタは劣るが、得られるろ液の濁度や精密ろ過膜の処理速度の面では効果が現れることが判明した。
同様の真空水平ベルトフィルタを用いた実験を、ろ材としては希硫酸処理液に対して硫酸処理セルロース、水熱処理液に対して水熱処理バイオマス、酵母液に対して爆砕バイオマスを固形分濃度5%となるように添加して、ベルトフィルタによるろ過処理を行った。結果を、表15に示す。実施例9との比較から、バイオマスを酵素処理しないバイオマスをろ過助剤として使用してもろ過助剤としての効果は低いことが判明した。
実施例1で得られた硫酸処理セルロースに水を加え、pHを6に調整した後、ヘミセルラーゼとしてオプチマーゼCX(ダニスコ・ジャパン社製)を60℃の温度で2時間反応させた後、遠心分離機で固形分を得た。上記で得られたヘミセルラーゼ処理物をろ過助剤として、希硫酸水溶液に添加し、攪拌して均一なスラリー液にした後、フィルタプレス処理を行った。ろ過処理時間は90分であった。この処理液の濁度とさらに実施例1と同様の精密ろ過膜処理した結果を、表16(ヘミセルラーゼ処理行った場合)に示す。
前記の非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物(酵素処理助剤)であるか否かの特定について、前記の非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物(酵素処理助剤)の付着した酵素の分析方法を、次に示す。
水熱処理液に対して水熱処理バイオマスを酵素処理した非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物、および、酵母液に対してアンモニア処理セルロースを酵素処理した非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を用いて、どの程度の固形分濃度で投入するのが好ましいか検討を行った。ここで固形分濃度とは、それぞれのろ過助剤の含水率を測定し、乾燥重量を測定し、対するろ過助剤と処理対象液との総量で割った値とする。それぞれ添加後、フィルタプレス処理して得られた濁度を、表17(各処理時の濁度[単位:NTU])に示す。固形分濃度が25%のときは、フィルタプレス処理をするためのスラリー液の送液も難しい状態でろ液を得ることができなかった。
参考例4に記載の方法で、実施例3(水熱処理)と実施例6(アンモニア処理)の酵素処理前後の組成比について分析した結果を、表18(水熱処理バイオマスの酵素処理前後組成)と表19(アンモニア水処理バイオマスの酵素処理前後組成)にそれぞれ示す。酵素処理物は、酵素処理前に比べて分解残渣率が1.5倍以上増加していることが分かる。これは、セルロース成分が主に分解された分、相対的に分解残渣率が増加していると推察している。
実施例3(水熱処理)と実施例6(アンモニア処理)の酵素処理前後の状態について、実施例3の顕微鏡写真および実施例6の精密ろ過膜上で撮影したSEM写真を、図4および図5にそれぞれ示す。図4および図5から、酵素処理によって大きさが小さくなっていることが分かる。得られた処理物の大きさは、図4から200μmのものが多数存在している。そのため、比較例8や特開平9-173728号公報のように、粒径を小さくするだけでは説明できない濁質除去のメカニズムが、本発明のろ過助剤には働いていると推察される。
Claims (9)
- セルロース含有バイオマスを粉砕処理および/または熱化学処理して、前処理バイオマスを得る工程(A)、前記工程(A)で得られた前処理バイオマスをセルラーゼで処理してセルラーゼ処理産物を得る工程(B)、および前記工程(B)のセルラーゼ処理産物の固形分を得る工程(C)を含む、ろ過助剤の製造方法。
- 前記セルラーゼがセルビオハイドロラーゼを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記固形分のNRELのLAP法を用いた分解残渣率が、セルラーゼ処理前に比べて1.5倍以上である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 熱化学処理が、酸処理、水熱処理、水熱爆砕処理、アルカリ処理及びアンモニア処理から成る群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 高濁質液を、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のろ過助剤の製造方法で得られるろ過助剤と共にろ過処理することを含む、ろ過方法。
- ろ過処理方法がフィルタプレスである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- ろ過助剤の乾燥物添加量が、ろ過処理される液に対して0.5質量%以上25質量%未満である、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- セルロース含有バイオマスの非水溶性セルラーゼ処理物を含む、セルロース系ろ過助剤。
- セルラーゼが、セロビオハイドロダーゼを含む、請求項8に記載のろ過助剤。
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EP (1) | EP2737942B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6020171B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103702754B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2012291153B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112014001945B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2843384A1 (ja) |
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KR102271834B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-01 | 한국화학연구원 | 이소소르비드 기반 고분자 한외여과막 및 그 용도 |
WO2022210735A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | 三井製糖株式会社 | ポリフェノール含有組成物の製造方法 |
WO2023171644A1 (ja) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | 東レ株式会社 | ろ過助剤、ろ過処理方法およびセルラーゼの製造方法 |
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JP2016517268A (ja) * | 2013-03-08 | 2016-06-16 | ザイレコ,インコーポレイテッド | バイオマスの加工およびエネルギー |
CN109503096A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-22 | 赵顺全 | 一种助滤剂材料的制备方法 |
KR102271834B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-01 | 한국화학연구원 | 이소소르비드 기반 고분자 한외여과막 및 그 용도 |
WO2022210735A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | 三井製糖株式会社 | ポリフェノール含有組成物の製造方法 |
WO2023171644A1 (ja) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-09-14 | 東レ株式会社 | ろ過助剤、ろ過処理方法およびセルラーゼの製造方法 |
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JP6020171B2 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
BR112014001945A2 (ja) | 2017-06-13 |
JPWO2013018678A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
US20140158642A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
MY162541A (en) | 2017-06-15 |
RU2588630C2 (ru) | 2016-07-10 |
AU2012291153B2 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
CA2843384A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
AU2012291153A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
EP2737942A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
CN103702754A (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
BR112014001945B1 (pt) | 2019-12-10 |
EP2737942A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2737942B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
US9963728B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
CN103702754B (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
RU2014107721A (ru) | 2015-09-10 |
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