WO2012132906A1 - トナーおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
トナーおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012132906A1 WO2012132906A1 PCT/JP2012/056571 JP2012056571W WO2012132906A1 WO 2012132906 A1 WO2012132906 A1 WO 2012132906A1 JP 2012056571 W JP2012056571 W JP 2012056571W WO 2012132906 A1 WO2012132906 A1 WO 2012132906A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyester resin
- toner
- rosin
- weight
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 16
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 50
- -1 abietic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 10
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 4
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPQKUYVSJWQSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyldiazenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 QPQKUYVSJWQSDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (-)-ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid Natural products C1CCC(C(O)=O)(C)C2C1(C)C1CCC(C=C)(C)C=C1CC2 MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005956 Cosmos caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QUUCYKKMFLJLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydroabietan Natural products CC1(C)CCCC2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CCC21 QUUCYKKMFLJLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydroabietic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1(C)CCCC2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CCC21 NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-MISYRCLQSA-N dehydroabietic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CC[C@H]21 NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-MISYRCLQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940118781 dehydroabietic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC)=C1 VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MXYATHGRPJZBNA-KRFUXDQASA-N isopimaric acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](C=C)(C)CC2=CC1 MXYATHGRPJZBNA-KRFUXDQASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005792 styrene-acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-APQLOABGSA-N (+)-Pimaric acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@](C=C)(C)C=C2CC1 MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-APQLOABGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-glutaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C(O)=O XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTLYLLTVENPWFT-UPHRSURJSA-N (Z)-3-aminoacrylic acid Chemical compound N\C=C/C(O)=O YTLYLLTVENPWFT-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQXYVFBSOOBBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2N AQXYVFBSOOBBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)CO JCTXKRPTIMZBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJWDJIVISLUQQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CC(C)CO ZJWDJIVISLUQQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical group FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(CC)CO RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UABHETFCVNRGNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxybenzoic acid Chemical group CCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O UABHETFCVNRGNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSKYSDCYIODJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)(CO)CO DSKYSDCYIODJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNAWKNVDKFZFSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(C)(CO)CO VNAWKNVDKFZFSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CO QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZNJMLVCIZGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-bis(diethylamino)spiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1OC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 DZNJMLVCIZGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAZRKDBLFYSUFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(1-anilino-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid chromium Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1)N=NC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)O)O.[Cr] MAZRKDBLFYSUFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZZYXZWSOWQPIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC(C=O)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 UZZYXZWSOWQPIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDFQSFOGKVZWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O RDFQSFOGKVZWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRHCSNBNLAGXFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)piperidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1CC1NCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 GRHCSNBNLAGXFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCYPECIVGRXBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 JCYPECIVGRXBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXYATHGRPJZBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-epi-isopimaric acid Natural products C1CCC(C(O)=O)(C)C2C1(C)C1CCC(C=C)(C)CC1=CC2 MXYATHGRPJZBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDVYCTOWXSLNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-t-Butylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KDVYCTOWXSLNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylbenzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJUKWPOWHJITTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 81-39-0 Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C2C3=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C3=CC(=O)N2C VJUKWPOWHJITTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQLQDKBJAIILIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl terephthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCC)C=C1 LQLQDKBJAIILIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Me ester-3, 22-Dihydroxy-29-hopanoic acid Natural products C1CCC(C(O)=O)(C)C2C1(C)C1CCC(=C(C)C)C=C1CC2 KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-ONCXSQPRSA-N Neoabietic acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CCC(=C(C)C)C=C2CC1 KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017435 S2 In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000038 blue colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- OZCRKDNRAAKDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-ene-1,4-diol Chemical compound O[CH][CH]CCO OZCRKDNRAAKDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- MRQIXHXHHPWVIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1397023 Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 MRQIXHXHHPWVIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)O INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- GOPWOUQJIMLDDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OCCCC)=C1 GOPWOUQJIMLDDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JLVWYWVLMFVCDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OCC)=C1 JLVWYWVLMFVCDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIHPYYWNBVMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC)C=C1 ONIHPYYWNBVMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001056 green pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WTIFIAZWCCBCGE-UUOKFMHZSA-N guanosine 2'-monophosphate Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OP(O)(O)=O WTIFIAZWCCBCGE-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,7-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCO SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VKWNTWQXVLKCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-1-[(4-phenyldiazenylphenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1N=NC(C=C1)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 VKWNTWQXVLKCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KVQQRFDIKYXJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 KVQQRFDIKYXJTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTIQLGJVGNGFEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L naphthol yellow S Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C([O-])=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 CTIQLGJVGNGFEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001005 nitro dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001062 red colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940058287 salicylic acid derivative anticestodals Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003872 salicylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical class [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001060 yellow colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a toner and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the toner that visualizes the latent image is used in various image forming processes, for example, an electrophotographic image forming process.
- an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic image forming process generally, a charging process for uniformly charging a photosensitive layer on a surface of a photosensitive drum as a latent image carrier; An exposure process for projecting signal light of a document image to form an electrostatic latent image; a developing process for supplying an electrophotographic toner to the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive drum to visualize it; a toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum A transfer process for transferring an image to a recording medium such as paper or an OHP sheet; a fixing process for fixing a toner image on a recording medium by heating or pressing; and a toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive drum after the toner image is transferred.
- a desired image is formed on the recording medium by executing a cleaning process that is removed and cleaned by the cleaning blade.
- the transfer of the toner image to the recording medium may be performed via an intermediate transfer medium.
- the electrophotographic toner used for such image formation is produced by, for example, a polymerization method represented by a kneading pulverization method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization aggregation method, or the like.
- a polymerization method represented by a kneading pulverization method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization aggregation method, or the like.
- the toner raw material which is mainly composed of a binder resin and a colorant and is added with a release agent and a charge control agent as necessary, is melt-kneaded, cooled and solidified.
- the toner can also be produced by pulverization and classification.
- Biomass is a concept that expresses the mass of biological resources (bio) and is defined as “renewable organic resources derived from living organisms excluding fossil resources”. It is an organic substance created by photosynthesis from carbon dioxide. Since carbon dioxide generated when biomass is burned is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere originally taken by the organism through photosynthesis, the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is considered to be zero.
- carbon neutral the property that does not affect the increase or decrease of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is called carbon neutral, and the use of biomass that is carbon neutral is considered not to increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- biomass polymers Biomass materials produced from such biomass are called biomass polymers, biomass plastics, non-petroleum polymer materials, etc., and such biomass materials are made from monomers called biomass monomers. .
- Patent Document 1 contains a polyester resin having a softening point of 80 to 120 ° C. obtained from rosin as an essential component and a polyester resin having a softening point of 160 ° C. or more obtained from a polyvalent epoxy compound as an essential component.
- a resin composition for an electrophotographic toner capable of obtaining a toner having both fixing property, hot offset resistance and development durability is disclosed.
- the toner manufactured by the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 if the rosin content in the toner resin composition is increased in order to increase the utilization rate of biomass, the toner becomes fragile and the durability is deteriorated. There's a problem.
- the toner is crushed due to stress such as agitation in the developing tank of the copying machine, fine powder is generated, the charge amount becomes unstable, and the elasticity of the toner. As a result, the hot offset tends to occur, and further, when used for color toner, a problem arises in that the light transmittance is defective.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a toner having a high content of rosin as biomass and excellent in hot offset resistance, charging stability and light transmittance.
- the inventor of the present invention as a result of diligent research, has obtained a polyester resin A obtained by polycondensation of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, a rosin derived from biomass and a trivalent or higher alcohol, and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and rosin.
- the present inventors have found that a toner containing a polyester resin B obtained by polycondensation of a polyhydric alcohol with polyhydric alcohol is excellent in hot offset resistance, charging stability and light transmittance, and has completed the present invention.
- the binder resin is obtained by polycondensation of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, rosin, and a trihydric or higher alcohol.
- the rosin content is 60% by weight or more, obtained by polycondensation of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, rosin and a polyhydric alcohol, and the rosin content is 5 to 60% by weight.
- a toner containing polyester resin B wherein the polyester resin B contains 50 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin A.
- the rosin is a disproportionated rosin
- the polyester resin A has a softening temperature of 120 ° C. or less and a weight average of 1.00 ⁇ 10 3 to 9.00 ⁇ 10 3 .
- a toner is provided that has a molecular weight and is soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the polyester resin B has a storage elastic modulus of 10 3 to 10 5 Pa ⁇ s at the softening temperature of the polyester resin A and has a softening temperature of 160 ° C. or less. .
- a toner production method comprising at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent, which is obtained by polycondensation of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, rosin, and a trivalent or higher alcohol, Polyester resin A having a rosin content of 60% by weight or more, a polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, rosin and a polyhydric alcohol, wherein the rosin content is 5 to 60% by weight
- a mixing step in which a binder resin containing 50 to 200 parts by weight of the polyester resin B with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin A is mixed with a colorant;
- a method for producing a toner comprising cooling and solidifying the kneaded product and pulverizing to produce a pulverized product; and a classification step of classifying the
- the polyester resin A and a colorant are mixed and kneaded to prepare a master batch, and the polyester resin B and the master batch are mixed to prepare a mixture.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the toner uses the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B as the binder resin, and the polyester resin B has a storage elastic modulus of 10 3 to 10 5 Pa ⁇ s at the softening temperature of the polyester resin A. And viscoelasticity required for hot offset resistance can be maintained.
- both polyester resins A and B are resin skeletons containing rosin, the resin is well mixed, the dispersibility of the constituent materials is improved as a whole, and it is a component necessary for improving hot offset resistance. By improving the dispersibility of a certain releasing agent, it is possible to obtain a toner having good hot offset resistance.
- the toner production method according to the present invention includes a mixing step, a melt-kneading step, a cooling and pulverizing step, and a classification step.
- a mixture is prepared by mixing the polyester resin A, the polyester resin B obtained by polycondensation using aromatic dicarboxylic acid, rosin and polyhydric alcohol as raw materials, a colorant, and a release agent.
- a kneaded product is prepared by melt-kneading the mixture.
- the kneaded product is cooled and solidified, and pulverized to produce a pulverized product.
- the classification step the pulverized product obtained in the cooling and pulverization step is classified.
- FIG. 6 is a process diagram illustrating an example of a procedure of a toner manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- the rosin used in the present invention includes tall rosin obtained by steam-distilling crude tall oil produced as a by-product in the manufacturing process of pulping pine wood by the kraft method; Rosin obtained by steam distillation; and wood rosin obtained by distilling the harvested pine root stock into chips and extracting it with an organic solvent, followed by further distillation. These rosins are obtained by a conventionally known production method.
- rosin is a resin acid, and is mainly composed of a mixture of resin acids such as abietic acid, parastrinic acid, neoabietic acid, pimaric acid, dehydroabietic acid, isopimaric acid and sandaracopimalic acid.
- the rosin disproportionation reaction is usually carried out by using a palladium activated carbon catalyst (US Pat. No. 2,177,530), a sulfur-based catalyst (Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-5360) or an iodine-based catalyst (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-34896). Done with.
- a palladium activated carbon catalyst US Pat. No. 2,177,530
- a sulfur-based catalyst Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-5360
- an iodine-based catalyst Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-34896
- the rosin used for the polyester resin A in the present invention is preferably a disproportionated rosin from the viewpoint of stability.
- the main component of disproportionated rosin is a mixture of dehydroabietic acid and dihydroabietic acid. Since the disproportionated rosin contains a bulky and rigid skeleton of the hydrophenanthrene ring, by introducing the disproportionated rosin as a component of the polyester, it appears more apparent than when using a rosin other than the disproportionated rosin. An increase in glass transition temperature can be promoted, and a toner having good storage stability can be obtained.
- rosin used in the present invention includes disproportionated rosin obtained by disproportionation of these rosins in addition to the above-mentioned tall rosin, gum rosin and wood rosin.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of the procedure of a toner manufacturing method of the present invention.
- the toner of the present invention contains a binder resin and a colorant as main components and is manufactured by the toner manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- the toner production method according to the present invention is a dry particle forming method, and includes a mixing step S1, a melt-kneading step S2, a cooling and pulverizing step S3, a classification step S4, and an external addition step S5. It is not limited to this.
- Mixing step S1 In the mixing step S1, the binder resin, the colorant and the release agent are dry-mixed by a mixer to produce a mixture. At this time, additives can be added as necessary. Examples of the additive include magnetic powder and a charge control agent.
- the toner of the present invention contains polyester resin A and polyester resin B as binder resins.
- a polyester resin is suitable as a raw material for a color toner because it is excellent in transparency and can impart good powder fluidity, low-temperature fixability and secondary color reproducibility to toner particles.
- Polyester resin A and polyester resin B are obtained by polycondensing an acid component such as a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol as a starting material.
- Polyester resin A and polyester resin B are produced by a known polycondensation reaction method.
- reaction method transesterification or direct esterification can be applied.
- polycondensation can be promoted by increasing the reaction temperature by pressurization, or by flowing an inert gas under reduced pressure or normal pressure.
- reaction may be promoted using a known and commonly used reaction catalyst such as a compound of at least one metal among antimony, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, and manganese.
- reaction catalysts such as a compound of at least one metal among antimony, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, and manganese.
- the addition amount of these reaction catalysts is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the acid component and the polyhydric alcohol.
- polyester resin A aromatic dicarboxylic acid and rosin are used as the acid component, and trivalent or higher alcohol is used as the starting polyhydric alcohol.
- a polyol structure having an appropriate branch is formed by the reaction of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid and the trivalent or higher alcohol.
- the low temperature fixability of the toner can be maintained without extremely increasing the softening temperature of the resin, and the molecular weight distribution of the resin can be broadened. Since a wide resin can be obtained, the offset resistance of the toner is improved.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid that is an acid component used for the production of the polyester resin A
- examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid that is an acid component used for the production of the polyester resin A include phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, biphenyldicarboxylic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and the like. Is mentioned.
- an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative such as an aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride or a lower alkyl ester may be used instead of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid compounds it is preferable to use at least one of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and lower alkyl esters thereof.
- the lower alkyl group constituting the lower alkyl ester of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid includes C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups, that is, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and isobutyl groups.
- Terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid have a high electron resonance stabilization effect due to the aromatic ring skeleton, and are excellent in charging stability and can provide a resin having an appropriate strength.
- Examples of lower alkyl esters of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid include dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, diethyl terephthalate, diethyl isophthalate, dibutyl terephthalate, and dibutyl isophthalate.
- dimethyl terephthalate or dimethyl isophthalate is preferably used from the viewpoint of cost and handling.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid compounds can be used individually by 1 type, or can use 2 or more types together.
- the molar ratio of the trivalent or higher alcohol to the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound is preferably 1.05 to 1.65.
- the molar ratio of the trihydric or higher alcohol to the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound is less than 1.05, the molecular weight distribution on the high molecular weight side of the resin becomes wide, and the Tm increases, so that the low-temperature fixability of the toner decreases. As a result, the spread of the molecular weight distribution cannot be controlled, and as a result, the toner is easily gelled.
- the molar ratio exceeds 1.65 since the polyester resin contains few branched structures, the softening temperature and the glass transition temperature are lowered, and as a result, the storability of the toner tends to be lowered, which is not preferable.
- the polyester resin A is obtained by polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acid, rosin, and trivalent or higher alcohol as starting materials.
- the content of the rosin in the total amount of the starting material is set to 60% by weight or more as a precondition of the polyester resin A.
- the content of rosin is preferably 15 to 45 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner. If the rosin content is less than 15 parts by weight, the effect of preserving the global environment by using biomass is low. If the rosin content exceeds 45 parts by weight, the mechanical strength of the toner decreases and the powder flow It is not preferable because the property is likely to deteriorate.
- Polyester resin A can further use an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid or an aromatic polycarboxylic acid having a carboxy group of three or more basic acids in addition to the above-mentioned aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound and rosin as an acid component.
- aliphatic polycarboxylic acid examples include alkyl dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid substituted with an alkyl group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
- alkyl dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid
- succinic acid fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid substituted with an alkyl group having 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
- unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as acid and glutaconic acid, and dimer acid.
- Said aliphatic polycarboxylic acid can be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together. If necessary, monobasic acids such as benzoic acid and p-tert-butylbenzoic acid may be used in combination.
- the content of the aliphatic polycarboxylic acid in the polyester resin A is preferably 0.5 to 15 mol, and more preferably 1 to 13 mol, per 100 mol of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound.
- the content of the aliphatic polycarboxylic acid in the polyester resin A is in the above range, the low-temperature fixability of the toner is improved.
- aromatic polycarboxylic acid having a carboxy group having 3 or more basic acids examples include trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, and anhydrides thereof. These aromatic polycarboxylic acids can be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together. Of these aromatic polycarboxylic acids, trimellitic anhydride is preferably used from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- the content of the aromatic polycarboxylic acid having a carboxy group having three or more basic acids in the polyester resin A is preferably 0.1 to 5 moles relative to 100 moles of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound, and 0.5 to More preferably, it is 3 moles.
- the content of the aromatic polycarboxylic acid having a carboxy group of three or more basic acids in the polyester resin A is less than 0.1 mol, the branched structure of the polyester resin A is not sufficient, and the distribution is wide on the high molecular weight side. Since the polyester resin A cannot be obtained, the offset resistance of the toner may be reduced. On the other hand, when it exceeds 5 mol, the softening temperature of the polyester resin A becomes high, so that the low-temperature fixability of the toner may be lowered.
- polyhydric alcohol used in the polyester resin A examples include trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, glycerin, and pentaerythritol. At least one of these polyhydric alcohols can be used. Among these, glycerin is more preferable because a technique for producing from plant-derived raw materials has been established industrially, is easily available, and an effect of promoting utilization of biomass is obtained.
- the polyester resin A can further use at least one of an aliphatic diol and an etherified diphenol as a polyhydric alcohol, in addition to a trihydric or higher alcohol.
- Examples of the aliphatic diol include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-butanediol, 1,4-butenediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2-ethyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, 2-butyl- 2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 1,7-heptane
- ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, or neopentyl glycol is preferably used from the viewpoint of reactivity with acid and glass transition temperature of the resin.
- These aliphatic diols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the aliphatic diol in the polyester resin A is preferably 5 to 20 mol with respect to 100 mol of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound.
- the above etherified diphenol is a diol obtained by addition reaction of bisphenol A and alkylene oxide.
- alkylene oxide examples include ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- the alkylene oxide is preferably added so that the average number of added moles is 2 to 16 moles with respect to 1 mole of bisphenol A.
- the content of etherified diphenol in the polyester resin A is preferably 5 to 35 mol with respect to 100 mol of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound.
- the content of the polyester resin A in the toner is preferably 20 to 60 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner.
- the polyester resin B preferably has a high molecular weight and high viscosity in order to impart high temperature offset resistance to the toner.
- the same aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound as the polyester resin A can be used as the acid component of the polyester resin B.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound contained in the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B may be the same or different.
- the polyester resin B contains an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid similar to the polyester resin A or an aromatic polycarboxylic acid having a carboxy group of three or more basic acids as an acid component of the starting material. Further, it can be used. These acid components may be the same or different in polyester resins A and B.
- polyhydric alcohol of the polyester resin B trivalent or higher alcohols similar to the polyester resin A, aliphatic diols and etherified diphenols can be used, and the same one as the polyester resin A may be used, Different ones may be used. In addition, alicyclic diols such as cyclohexanedimethanol may be used.
- a polyhydric alcohol may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together. Furthermore, you may use monoalcohols, such as a stearyl alcohol, in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention as needed.
- the same rosin as the polyester resin A can be used, and as the rosin, disproportionated rosin is preferable.
- the content of the rosin in the polyester resin B is not particularly limited, but the present invention increases the miscibility of the resins by making the polyester resins A and B both contain rosin and resembling the resin skeleton.
- 5 to 60 parts by weight is preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin B.
- the rosin content is less than 5 parts by weight, the effect of improving the mixing property between the resins is low, and when the rosin content exceeds 60 parts by weight, the mechanical strength and elasticity of the toner are lowered, resulting in hot resistance. The viscoelasticity necessary for the offset property cannot be maintained.
- the polyester resin B preferably has a storage elastic modulus of 10 3 to 10 5 Pa ⁇ s at the softening temperature of the polyester resin A.
- the storage elastic modulus of the polyester resin B at the softening temperature of the polyester resin A is less than 10 3 Pa ⁇ s, the hot offset resistance of the toner cannot be obtained.
- the storage elastic modulus of the polyester resin B at the softening temperature of the polyester resin A exceeds 10 5 Pa ⁇ s, the difference in melt viscosity between the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B at the time of kneading is large, and the resin mixing property is poor.
- the dispersibility of the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B in the toner becomes non-uniform. A portion where the ratio of the polyester resin A is high in the toner particles is easily broken, and fine powder having a small particle diameter is generated by the breakage. Such fine powder widens the particle size distribution and the charge distribution, resulting in problems such as image fogging.
- the glass transition temperatures of the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from a wide range, and are preferably 160 ° C. or lower. However, considering the storage stability and low-temperature fixability of the obtained toner, 45 to 80 ° C. More preferably, the temperature is 50 to 65 ° C. When the glass transition temperatures of the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B are less than 45 ° C., the storage stability of the toner becomes insufficient, so that the toner is likely to thermally aggregate inside the image forming apparatus, resulting in development failure. In addition, the temperature at which hot offset begins to occur (hereinafter referred to as “hot offset start temperature”) decreases.
- the above “hot offset” means that when the toner is heated and pressurized by the fixing member and fixed on the recording medium, the cohesive force of the heated toner particles is less than the adhesive force between the toner and the fixing member. This is a phenomenon in which the layer is divided and a part of the toner adheres to the fixing member and is removed.
- the glass transition temperatures of the polyester resins A and B exceed 80 ° C., the low-temperature fixability of the toner is lowered and fixing failure occurs.
- binder resin examples include conventional polystyrene binders such as polystyrene polymers, polystyrene copolymers such as styrene-acrylic resins, and polyester resins other than the polyester resins as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- a resin used as a landing resin may be used together with the polyester resin.
- colorant contained in the toner of the present invention organic dyes, organic pigments, inorganic dyes, inorganic pigments and the like commonly used in the electrophotographic field can be used.
- dyes and pigments it is preferable to use a pigment. Since the pigment is superior in light resistance and color developability compared to the dye, a toner excellent in light resistance and color developability can be obtained.
- yellow colorant examples include CI pigment yellow 1, CI pigment yellow 5, CI pigment yellow 12, CI pigment yellow 15, and C.I.
- Organic pigments such as I. Pigment Yellow 17, CI Pigment Yellow 74, CI Pigment Yellow 93, CI Pigment Yellow 180, CI Pigment Yellow 185, yellow iron oxide and loess Inorganic pigments, nitro dyes such as CI Acid Yellow 1, CI Solvent Yellow 2, CI Solvent Yellow 6, CI Solvent Yellow 14, CI Solvent Yellow 15, C And oil-soluble dyes such as CI Solvent Yellow 19 and CI Solvent Yellow 21.
- red colorant examples include CI Pigment Red 49, CI Pigment Red 57, CI Pigment Red 81, CI Pigment Red 122, and CI Pigment, which are classified by color index.
- Solvent Red 19 CI Solvent Red 49, CI Solvent Red 52, CI Basic Red 10, CI Disperse Red 15, and the like.
- blue colorants include CI Pigment Blue 15, CI Pigment Blue 16, CI Solvent Blue 55, CI Solvent Blue 70, and CI Direct Blue 25 and CI Direct Blue 86, KET. BLUE111 etc. are mentioned.
- black colorant examples include carbon black such as channel black, roller black, disk black, gas furnace black, oil furnace black, thermal black, and acetylene black.
- red pigments and green pigments can be used.
- One colorant can be used alone, or two or more colorants can be used in combination. Two or more of the same color can be used, and one or more of the different colors can also be used.
- the colorant is preferably used in the form of a masterbatch in order to uniformly disperse it in the polyester resin.
- the master batch can be produced, for example, by dry-mixing the polyester resin A and the colorant with a mixer and kneading the resulting powder mixture with a kneader.
- the kneading temperature depends on the softening temperature of the polyester resin A, but is usually about 50 to 150 ° C., preferably about 50 to 120 ° C.
- a mixer for dry-mixing master batch materials known mixers can be used.
- Henschel mixer (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.), super mixer (trade name, manufactured by Kawata Co., Ltd.), Mechanomyl (trade name) Henschel-type mixing equipment such as Okada Seiko Co., Ltd., Ongmill (trade name, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), Hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), Cosmo System (trade name, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd.) Company-made).
- the kneading machine a known kneading machine can be used.
- a general kneading machine such as a kneader, a twin-screw extruder, a two-roll mill, a three-roll mill, or a lab blast mill can be used. More specifically, for example, TEM-100B (trade name, manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.), PCM-65 / 87, PCM-30 (all of which are trade names, manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.), etc. Extruder, Needex (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.) and other open roll type kneaders. The melt kneading may be performed using a plurality of kneaders.
- the obtained master batch is used after being pulverized to a particle diameter of about 2 to 3 mm, for example.
- the concentration of the colorant in the toner is preferably 5 to 12% by weight, and more preferably 6 to 8% by weight.
- the concentration of the colorant other than black is preferably 3 to 8% by weight, and more preferably 4 to 6% by weight.
- wax As the release agent contained in the toner of the present invention, those commonly used in this field can be used, and examples thereof include wax.
- waxes petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax, carnauba wax (carnauba wax), natural wax such as rice wax, synthetic wax such as polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax, and coal-based wax such as montan wax Examples thereof include waxes, alcohol waxes, and ester waxes.
- the release agent contained in the toner of the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition amount of the release agent is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected from a wide range according to various conditions such as the type and content of other components such as a binder resin and a colorant and the characteristics required for the toner to be produced. Although it can be selected, it is preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. When the addition amount of the release agent is less than 3 parts by weight, the low-temperature fixability and the hot offset resistance are not sufficiently improved.
- the addition amount of the release agent exceeds 10 parts by weight, the dispersibility of the release agent in the kneaded product is lowered, and a toner having a certain performance cannot be obtained stably.
- a phenomenon called filming occurs in which the toner is fused in the form of a film (film) on the surface of an image carrier such as a photoreceptor.
- the melting point (Tm) of the release agent is preferably 50 to 180 ° C.
- Tm The melting point
- the release agent melts in the developing device, the toner particles aggregate, and filming on the surface of the photoreceptor occurs.
- the melting point exceeds 180 ° C., the release agent cannot be sufficiently eluted when the toner is fixed on the recording medium, and the hot offset resistance is not sufficiently improved.
- Magnetic powder examples of the magnetic powder contained in the toner of the present invention include magnetite, ⁇ -hematite, and various ferrites.
- Charge control agent As the charge control agent contained in the toner of the present invention, a charge control agent for positive charge control and negative charge control commonly used in this field can be used.
- charge control agents for controlling positive charge include nigrosine dyes, basic dyes, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, aminopyrines, pyrimidine compounds, polynuclear polyamino compounds, aminosilanes, nigrosine dyes and derivatives thereof, and triphenylmethane. Derivatives, guanidine salts, amidine salts and the like can be mentioned.
- the charge control agents for controlling negative charges include chromium azo complex dyes, iron azo complex dyes, cobalt azo complex dyes, chromium complexes of salicylic acid and salicylic acid derivatives, zinc complexes, aluminum complexes and boron complexes, salicylate compounds, naphtholic acid and naphtholic acid.
- Surfactants such as chromium complexes, zinc complexes, aluminum complexes and boron complexes of derivatives, naphtholate compounds, benzylate compounds, long chain alkylcarboxylates, and long chain alkylsulfonates can be mentioned.
- the addition amount of the charge control agent is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- a known mixer can be used in the mixing step S1, for example, a Henschel mixer (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.), a super mixer (trade name, manufactured by Kawata Co., Ltd.), a mechano mill (trade name, Henschel type mixing equipment such as Okada Seiko Co., Ltd., Ongmill (trade name, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), Hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), Cosmo System (trade name, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd.) Company-made).
- a Henschel mixer trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.
- a super mixer trade name, manufactured by Kawata Co., Ltd.
- a mechano mill trade name, Henschel type mixing equipment such as Okada Seiko Co., Ltd., Ongmill (trade name, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), Hybridization system (trade name, manufactured by Nara Machinery Co.
- melt-kneading step S2 In the melt-kneading step S2, the mixture prepared in the mixing step is melt-kneaded by a kneader, and a colorant, a benzylic acid compound, and an additive added as necessary are dispersed in the binder resin. Make a thing.
- kneader used in the melt-kneading step a known one can be used, and the same one as the above-mentioned kneader used for producing the master batch can be used.
- Melt kneading may be performed using a plurality of kneaders.
- the melt kneading temperature depends on the kneader used, but is preferably 80 to 200 ° C. By performing melt-kneading at a temperature in such a range, the colorant, the benzylic acid compound, and the additive added as necessary can be uniformly dispersed in the binder resin.
- Cooling and grinding step S3 In the cooling and pulverizing step S3, the melt-kneaded product obtained in the melt-kneading step is cooled and solidified and pulverized to obtain a pulverized product.
- the cooled and solidified melt-kneaded product is coarsely pulverized into a coarsely pulverized product having a volume average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or more and 5 mm or less by a hammer mill or a cutting mill. Further pulverized to the following.
- a jet pulverizer using a supersonic jet stream or a coarsely pulverized product in a space formed between a rotor (rotor) rotating at high speed and a stator (liner)
- An impact type pulverizer that introduces and pulverizes can be used.
- Classification process S4 In the classification step S4, the pulverized product obtained in the cooling and pulverization step S3 is classified by a classifier to remove excessively pulverized toner particles and coarse toner particles, thereby obtaining an unexternally added toner. The excessively pulverized toner particles and coarse toner particles can be collected and reused for the production of other toners.
- a known classifier that can remove excessively pulverized toner particles by centrifugal force and wind classification can be used.
- a swirl wind classifier rotary wind classifier or the like can be used.
- the volume average particle diameter of the non-externally added toner obtained after classification is preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle size of the non-externally added toner is preferably 3 to 9 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the toner When the volume average particle size of the non-externally added toner is less than 3 ⁇ m, the toner has a small particle size, so that high charging and low fluidization occur. Furthermore, due to the high charging and low fluidization of the toner, the toner is not stably supplied to the photoreceptor, and background fogging and a decrease in image density occur. When the volume average particle size of the non-externally added toner exceeds 15 ⁇ m, the particle size of the toner is large and a high-definition image cannot be obtained. In addition, as the particle size increases, the specific surface area of the toner decreases and the charge amount of the toner decreases. As a result, the toner is not stably supplied to the photoreceptor, and internal contamination due to toner scattering occurs.
- External addition process S5 In the external addition step S5, the toner is obtained by mixing the non-external addition toner obtained in the classification step S4 and the external additive.
- the external additive By adding the external additive, the fluidity of the toner and the cleaning property of the residual toner on the surface of the photoreceptor are improved, and filming on the photoreceptor can be prevented.
- Non-externally added toner to which no external additive is added can also be used as the toner.
- External additives include inorganic oxides such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, and zinc oxide, compounds such as acrylates, methacrylates, and styrene, or copolymer resins of these compounds Examples thereof include fine particles, fluororesin fine particles, silicone resin fine particles, and higher fatty acids such as stearic acid, or metal salts of these higher fatty acids, carbon black, graphite fluoride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, and the like.
- the external additive is preferably surface-treated with a silicone resin, a silane coupling agent or the like.
- the amount of the external additive added is preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the number average particle size of primary particles of the external additive is preferably 10 to 500 nm. When the number average particle diameter of the primary particles of the external additive is within such a range, the fluidity of the toner is further improved.
- the BET specific surface area of the external additive is preferably 20 to 200 m 2 / g. When the BET specific surface area of the external additive is in such a range, appropriate fluidity and chargeability can be imparted to the toner.
- Toner The toner of the present invention is manufactured by the toner manufacturing method according to the above embodiment.
- the toner obtained by the above toner production method has sufficient mechanical strength and is excellent in hot offset resistance and charging stability.
- the toner according to the present invention can be used as a one-component developer composed only of toner, or can be mixed with a carrier and used as a two-component developer.
- a carrier a known carrier can be used.
- a resin-dispersed carrier in which magnetic particles are dispersed.
- Known coating materials can be used, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, monochlorotrifluoroethylene polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone resin, polyester resin, metal compound of ditertiary butylsalicylic acid, styrene resin, acrylic resin , Polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, nigrosine, amino acrylate resin, basic dye, basic dye lake, silica fine powder, alumina fine powder, and the like.
- the resin used for the resin-dispersed carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include styrene acrylic resin, polyester resin, fluorine resin, and phenol resin. Either of them is preferably selected according to the toner component, and one kind can be used alone, or two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- the carrier shape is preferably spherical or flat.
- the particle diameter of the carrier is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m, considering high image quality. Since the carrier particle diameter is 50 ⁇ m or less, the contact opportunity between the toner and the carrier is increased, the charge of each toner particle can be appropriately controlled, no non-image area fog occurs, and a high-quality image is formed. Can do.
- the volume resistivity of the carrier is preferably 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 12 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the volume resistivity of the carrier is determined by putting carrier particles in a container having a cross-sectional area of 0.50 cm 2 and tapping, then applying a load of 1 kg / cm 2 to the particles packed in the container and placing the load between the load and the bottom electrode. It is a value obtained from a current value when a voltage generating an electric field of 1000 V / cm is applied.
- the resistivity is low, the carrier is charged when a bias voltage is applied to the developing sleeve, and the carrier particles easily adhere to the photoreceptor. Further, breakdown of the bias voltage is likely to occur.
- the magnetization strength (maximum magnetization) of the carrier is preferably 10 to 60 emu / g, more preferably 15 to 40 emu / g. Under a general developing roller magnetic flux density condition, if it is less than 10 emu / g, the magnetic binding force does not work, which causes carrier scattering. On the other hand, if the magnetization strength exceeds 60 emu / g, the carrier spikes become too high in the non-contact development, and it becomes difficult to maintain the non-contact state between the image carrier and the toner. Further, in the contact development, a sweep is likely to appear in the toner image.
- the use ratio of the toner and the carrier in the two-component developer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of the toner and the carrier. Further, the coverage of the carrier with the toner is preferably 40 to 80%.
- Glass transition temperature (Tg) of polyester resin Using a differential scanning calorimeter (trade name: Diamond DSC, manufactured by PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd.), 0.01 g of a sample was heated at a heating rate of 10 ° C./minute (10 ° C./minute) according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K7121-1987. ) And the DSC curve was measured.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
- Softening temperature of polyester resin Tm
- a flow characteristic evaluation apparatus (trade name: Flow Tester CFT-500C, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
- 1 g of a sample was heated at a heating rate of 6 ° C. per minute, and a load of 10 kgf / cm 2 (9.8 ⁇ 10 5 Pa).
- the temperature at which half of the sample flowed out from the die was determined, and was defined as the softening temperature (Tm).
- Weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of polyester resin The sample was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) so as to be 0.25 wt%, and 200 ⁇ L of the sample was injected into a GPC apparatus (trade name: HLC-8220 GPC, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), and a molecular weight distribution curve was obtained at a temperature of 40 ° C. .
- the weight average molecular weight Mw and the number average molecular weight Mn are obtained, and the molecular weight distribution index (Mw / Mn; hereinafter simply referred to as “Mw / Mn”), which is the ratio of the weight average molecular weight Mw to the number average molecular weight Mn. Stipulated).
- Mw / Mn molecular weight distribution index
- Acid value of polyester resin and rosin It was measured by neutralization titration method. 5 g of a sample was dissolved in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and several drops of an ethanol solution of phenolphthalein was added as an indicator, followed by titration with a 0.1 mol / L potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution. The point at which the color of the sample solution changed from colorless to purple was used as the end point, and the acid value (mgKOH / g) was calculated from the amount of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution required to reach the end point and the weight of the sample subjected to titration. .
- a 1 g sample of the polyester resin insoluble in THF was put into a cylindrical filter paper and passed through a Soxhlet extractor. Using 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as an extraction solvent, the mixture was heated to reflux for 6 hours to extract a THF soluble fraction from the sample. After removing the solvent from the extract containing the THF soluble fraction, the THF soluble fraction was dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours, and the obtained THF soluble fraction was weighed to determine the weight X (g). .
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- volume average particle diameter and coefficient of variation of toner To 50 ml of electrolyte (trade name: ISOTON-II, manufactured by Beckman Coulter), 20 mg of sample and 1 ml of alkyl ether sulfate sodium (dispersing agent, manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added. Using an ultrasonic disperser (trade name: UH-50, manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd.), dispersion treatment was performed at a frequency of 20 kHz for 3 minutes to obtain a measurement sample.
- an ultrasonic disperser trade name: UH-50, manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd.
- Production Example 1 Production of polyester resin A-1
- a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a heating device, a thermometer, a cooling tube, a fractionation device, and a nitrogen introduction tube 305 g of terephthalic acid, 55 g of isophthalic acid, and trimellitic anhydride are used as acid components.
- a Henschel mixer trade name: FM20C, manufactured by Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ Melt-kneading step S2> The mixture obtained in the mixing step S1 was subjected to a cylinder setting temperature of 80 ° C. to 120 ° C. (maximum temperature 120 ° C.) and a rotation speed of 250 rpm in a kneader (trade name: biaxial kneader PCM-60, manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.). The mixture was melt-kneaded at a supply rate of 5 kg / h to obtain a melt-kneaded product.
- a cylinder setting temperature 80 ° C. to 120 ° C. (maximum temperature 120 ° C.) and a rotation speed of 250 rpm in a kneader (trade name: biaxial kneader PCM-60, manufactured by Ikegai Co., Ltd.).
- the mixture was melt-kneaded at a supply rate of 5 kg / h to obtain a melt-kneaded product.
- ⁇ Cooling and grinding step S3> The melt-kneaded product obtained in the melt-kneading step S2 was cooled to room temperature and solidified, and then coarsely pulverized with a cutter mill (trade name: VM-16, manufactured by Orient Corporation). Subsequently, the obtained coarsely pulverized product was finely pulverized by a counter jet mill (trade name: AFG, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation).
- ⁇ Classification step S4> The pulverized product obtained in the cooling and pulverizing step S3 was classified with a rotary classifier (trade name: TSP separator, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) to obtain an unextracted toner.
- Example 2 In the mixing step S1, the toner of Example 2 (volume average particle size 6.7 ⁇ m, CV) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the polyester resin B-1 was changed to the amount shown in Table 2 below. Value 24%) was obtained.
- Example 3 In the mixing step S1, the toner of Example 3 (volume average particle diameter 6.7 ⁇ m, CV) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the polyester resin B-1 was changed to the amount shown in Table 2 below. Value 24%) was obtained.
- Example 4 In the mixing step S1, the toner (volume average particle diameter) of Example 4 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyester resin A-2 obtained in Production Example 4 was used instead of the polyester resin A-1. 6.7 ⁇ m, CV value 25%).
- Example 5 In the mixing step S1, the toner of Example 5 (volume average particle diameter of 6.7 ⁇ m, similar to Example 1) except that the polyester resin B-2 in Production Example 4 was used instead of the polyester resin B-1. CV value 24%) was obtained.
- Example 6 In the mixing step S1, the toner (volume average particle diameter) of Example 6 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyester resin B-3 obtained in Production Example 5 was used instead of the polyester resin B-1. 6.7 ⁇ m, CV value 24%).
- Comparative Example 1 In the mixing step S1, the toner of Comparative Example 1 (volume average particle diameter 6.7 ⁇ m, CV) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the polyester resin B-1 was changed to the amount shown in Table 2 below. Value 24%) was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 In the mixing step S1, the toner of Comparative Example 2 (volume average particle diameter 6.7 ⁇ m, CV) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the polyester resin B-1 was changed to the amount shown in Table 2 below. Value 24%) was obtained.
- Comparative Example 3 In the mixing step S1, the toner (volume average particle diameter) of Comparative Example 3 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyester resin B-4 obtained in Production Example 6 was used instead of the polyester resin B-1. 6.7 ⁇ m, CV value 24%).
- Comparative Example 4 In the mixing step S1, the toner (volume average particle size) of Comparative Example 4 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyester resin B-5 obtained in Production Example 7 was used instead of the polyester resin B-1. 6.7 ⁇ m, CV value 24%).
- Comparative Example 5 In the mixing step S1, the toner (volume average particle diameter) of Comparative Example 5 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyester resin B-6 obtained in Production Example 8 was used instead of the polyester resin B-1. 6.7 ⁇ m, CV value 24%).
- the obtained two-component developer is filled into a modified color composite machine (trade name: MX-2700, manufactured by Sharp Corporation), and recording paper (trade name: PPC paper SF-4AM3, Sharp) as a recording medium is filled. Co., Ltd.), a sample image including a rectangular solid image portion having a length of 20 mm and a width of 50 mm has a toner adhesion amount of 0.5 mg / cm 2 in a solid image portion in an unfixed state.
- an unfixed image was prepared.
- the non-offset area of the obtained unfixed image was evaluated using an external fixing device prepared using a fixing unit of a color multifunction peripheral.
- the fixing process speed is 124 mm / second, the temperature of the fixing roller is increased in steps of 130 ° C. to 5 ° C., the presence or absence of offset on the paper surface is visually confirmed, and in a temperature range where neither low temperature offset nor high temperature offset occurs.
- a certain non-offset region was measured, and hot offset resistance was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- high temperature and low temperature offset is that the toner does not fix on the recording paper during fixing, but adheres to the recording paper after the roller makes a full rotation while adhering to the fixing roller.
- Hot offset start temperature is 230 ° C. or higher.
- NB not bad: Hot offset start temperature is 180 ° C. or higher and lower than 230 ° C.
- B bad (bad): Hot offset start temperature is lower than 180 ° C.
- a two-component developer was prepared in the same manner as in the evaluation of hot offset resistance. Using a modified color compound machine (trade name: MX-2700, manufactured by Sharp Corporation), adjusting the toner adhesion amount on the OHP sheet to 1.7 mg / cm 2, and unfixing the sample image An image was prepared and a fixed image was prepared. The HAZE value of the obtained fixed image was measured using a HAZE meter model NDH2000 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), and light transmittance was evaluated. The smaller the HAZE value, the better the light transmittance.
- G good: HAZE value is less than 20.
- NB not bad: the HAZE value is 20 or more and less than 25.
- B bad (bad): HAZE value is 25 or more.
- G good (good): the particle size ratio is 90% or more.
- NB not bad: The particle size ratio is 80 or more and less than 90%.
- B bad (poor): the particle size ratio is less than 80%.
- the evaluation criteria for the charge amount ratio are as follows. “G”: good: charge amount ratio is 80% or more “NB”: not bad: charge amount ratio is 70 or more and less than 80% “B”: bad (bad): charge amount ratio is 70 %Less than
- [Image density] A 100% solid image having a side of 3 cm was printed, and the image density of the printed portion was measured using a reflection densitometer (trade name: RD918, manufactured by Macbeth Co.) and evaluated according to the following criteria. “G”: good: the image density is 1.4 or more. “NB”: not bad (not bad): the image density is 1.2 or more and less than 1.4. “B”: bad (bad): the image density is less than 1.2.
- the toners produced in Examples 1 to 6 according to the present invention were evaluated as hot offset resistance, transparency, mechanical strength, charging stability, image density and fog density, and all were “good” or It is a determination result of “not bad”, and it is understood that the determination result is “good” in the overall evaluation.
- a toner having a high biomass-derived rosin content and excellent in hot offset resistance, charging stability and light transmittance and a method for producing the same are provided.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、本発明によれば、前記ポリエステル樹脂Bが、ポリエステル樹脂Aの軟化温度における貯蔵弾性率103~105Pa・sを有し、かつ160℃以下の軟化温度を有するトナーが提供される。
前記混合物を溶融混練して、混練物を作製する溶融混練工程;
前記混練物を冷却固化し、粉砕して粉砕物を作製する冷却粉砕工程;および前記粉砕物を分級する分級工程
を含むトナーの製造方法が提供される。
また本発明によるトナーの製造方法は、混合工程、溶融混練工程、冷却粉砕工程および分級工程を含む。
冷却粉砕工程では、混練物を冷却固化し、粉砕することにより粉砕物が作製される。
分級工程では、上記冷却粉砕工程で得られた粉砕物が分級される。
図1は、本発明のトナーの製造方法の手順の一例を示す工程図である。本発明のトナーは、結着樹脂および着色剤を主成分とし、本発明に係るトナーの製造方法によって製造される。本発明に係るトナーの製造方法は、乾式法による粒子形成方法であり、混合工程S1と、溶融混練工程S2と、冷却粉砕工程S3と、分級工程S4と、外添工程S5とを含むが、これに限定されるものではない。
混合工程S1では、結着樹脂、着色剤および離型剤を、混合機によって乾式混合して混合物を作製する。この際、必要に応じて添加剤を加えることができる。
添加剤としては、磁性粉、電荷制御剤などが挙げられる。
本発明のトナーは、結着樹脂として、ポリエステル樹脂Aおよびポリエステル樹脂Bを含有する。ポリエステル樹脂は、透明性に優れ、トナー粒子に良好な粉体流動性、低温定着性および二次色再現性などを付与できるので、カラートナー用の原料として好適である。ポリエステル樹脂Aおよびポリエステル樹脂Bは、出発物質として多塩基酸などの酸成分と多価アルコールとを重縮合して得られる。
これらの芳香族ジカルボン酸化合物は、1種を単独で使用でき、または2種以上を併用できる。
上記の脂肪族ポリカルボン酸は1種を単独で使用でき、または2種以上を併用してもよい。また、必要に応じ、安息香酸、p-tert-ブチル安息香酸等の一塩基酸を併用してもよい。
ポリエステル樹脂A中の脂肪族ジオールの含有量は、芳香族ジカルボン酸化合物100モルに対し、5~20モルであることが好ましい。
トナーにおけるポリエステル樹脂Aの含有量は、トナー100重量部に対して20~60重量部であることが好ましい。
前記ポリエステル樹脂Bは、トナーに高温オフセット耐性を付与するため、高分子量かつ高粘度を有することが好ましい。
本発明のトナーに含まれる着色剤としては、電子写真分野で常用される有機系染料、有機系顔料、無機系染料、無機系顔料などを使用できる。染料および顔料のうち、顔料を用いることが好ましい。顔料は染料に比べて耐光性および発色性に優れるので、耐光性および発色性に優れるトナーを得ることができる。
本発明のトナーに含まれる離型剤としては、この分野で常用されるものを使用でき、たとえば、ワックスなどが挙げられる。ワックスとしては、パラフィンワックス、カルナウバワックス(カルナバワックス)、およびライスワックスなどの天然ワックス、ポリプロピレンワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、およびフィッシャートロプッシュワックスなどの合成ワックス、モンタンワックスなどの石炭系ワックスなどの石油系ワックス、アルコール系ワックス、ならびにエステル系ワックスなどが挙げられる。
本発明のトナーに含まれる磁性粉としては、マグネタイト、γ-ヘマタイト、および各種フェライトなどが挙げられる。
本発明のトナーに含まれる電荷制御剤としては、この分野で常用される正電荷制御用および負電荷制御用の電荷制御剤を使用できる。
溶融混練工程S2では、前記混合工程で作製された混合物を、混練機によって溶融混練して、結着樹脂中に着色剤、ベンジル酸化合物および必要に応じて添加された添加剤が分散した溶融混練物を作製する。
冷却粉砕工程S3では、前記溶融混練工程で得られた溶融混練物を冷却固化し、粉砕して、粉砕物を得る。
分級工程S4では、前記冷却粉砕工程S3で得られた粉砕物を分級機によって分級し、過粉砕トナー粒子および粗大トナー粒子を除去し、未外添トナーを得る。過粉砕トナー粒子および粗大トナー粒子は、回収して他のトナーの製造に再利用することができる。
外添工程S5では、前記分級工程S4で得られた未外添トナーと外添剤とを混合してトナーを得る。外添剤の添加によって、トナーの流動性および感光体表面における残留トナーのクリーニング性が向上し、感光体へのフィルミングが防止できる。外添剤が外添されていない未外添トナーを、トナーとして用いることもできる。
本発明のトナーは、上記の実施形態であるトナーの製造方法で製造される。上記のトナーの製造方法によって得られるトナーは、機械的強度が充分で、耐ホットオフセット性および帯電安定性に優れる。
本発明に係るトナーは、トナーのみからなる1成分現像剤として用いることができ、また、キャリアと混合して2成分現像剤として用いることもできる。
キャリアとしては、公知のものを使用でき、たとえば、鉄、銅、亜鉛、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガン、クロムなどからなる単独または複合フェライトおよびキャリアコア粒子を被覆物質で表面被覆した樹脂被覆キャリア、または樹脂に磁性を有する粒子を分散させた樹脂分散型キャリアなどが挙げられる。
実施例および比較例における各物性値は以下のようにして測定した。
示差走査熱量計(商品名:Diamond DSC、パーキンエルマージャパン株式会社製)を用い、日本工業規格(JIS)K7121-1987に準じ、試料0.01gを昇温速度毎分10℃(10℃/分)で加熱してDSC曲線を測定した。得られたDSC曲線のガラス転移に相当する吸熱ピークの低温側のベースラインを高温側に延長した直線と、吸熱ピークの低温側の曲線に対して勾配が最大になる点で引いた接線との交点の温度をガラス転移温度(Tg)とした。
流動特性評価装置(商品名:フローテスターCFT-500C、株式会社島津製作所製)を用い試料1gを昇温速度毎分6℃で加熱し、荷重10kgf/cm2(9.8×105Pa)を与えてダイ(ノズル口径1mm、長さ1mm)から試料の半分量が流出したときの温度を求め、軟化温度(Tm)とした。
試料を0.25重量%となるようテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に溶解し、試料200μLをGPC装置(商品名:HLC-8220GPC、東ソー株式会社製)に注入し、温度40℃において分子量分布曲線を求めた。
中和滴定法によって測定した。テトラヒドロフラン(THF)50mLに試料5gを溶解し、指示薬としてフェノールフタレインのエタノール溶液を数滴加えた後、0.1モル/Lの水酸化カリウム(KOH)水溶液で滴定を行なった。試料溶液の色が無色から紫色に変化した点を終点とし、終点に達するまでに要した水酸化カリウム水溶液の量と滴定に供した試料の重量とから、酸価(mgKOH/g)を算出した。
試料1gを円筒濾紙に投入し、ソックスレー抽出器にかけた。テトラヒドロフラン(THF)100mLを抽出溶媒として用い、6時間加熱還流して、試料からTHF可溶画分を抽出した。THF可溶画分を含む抽出液から溶媒を除去した後、THF可溶画分を100℃で24時間乾燥し、得られたTHF可溶画分を秤量し、重量X(g)を求めた。THF可溶画分重量X(g)と、測定に用いた試料の重量(1g)とから、下記式(1):
P(重量%)={1(g)-X(g)}/1(g)×100 (1)
に基づいて、試料中のTHF不溶画分の割合P(重量%)を算出した。以下、この割合PをTHF不溶解分と称する。
示差走査熱量計(商品名:Diamond DSC、パーキンエルマージャン株式会社製)を用い、試料0.01gを温度20℃から昇温速度毎分10℃で200℃まで加熱し、次いで200℃から20℃に急冷する操作を2回繰返し、DSC曲線を測定した。2回目の操作で測定したDSC曲線の融解に相当する吸熱ピークの温度を離型剤の融点とした。
電解液(商品名:ISOTON-II、ベックマン・コールター社製)50mlに、試料20mgおよびアルキルエーテル硫酸エステルナトリウム(分散剤、キシダ化学株式会社製)1mlを加え、超音波分散器(商品名:UH-50、株式会社エスエムテー製)を用い周波数20kHzで3分間分散処理し、測定用試料とした。
変動係数CV(%)=
(体積粒度分布における標準偏差/体積平均粒径)×100 (2)
より算出した。
ポリエステル樹脂A-1の製造
撹拌装置、加熱装置、温度計、冷却管、分留装置、および窒素導入管を備えた反応容器中に、酸成分として、テレフタル酸305g、イソフタル酸55g、無水トリメリット酸30gおよび不均化ロジン(酸価157.2mgKOH/g)1400g、アルコール成分として、グリセリン300g、および1,3-プロパンジオール150g、反応触媒としてテトラーn-ブチルチタネート1.79g(酸成分およびアルコール成分の総量100重量部に対し、0.080重量部相当)を投入した。これらの原料を、窒素雰囲気下で撹拌し、生成する水を留去しながら、250℃で10時間重縮合反応させ、フローテスターにより所定の軟化温度に達したことを確認して、反応を終了し、ポリエステル樹脂A-1(ガラス転移温度60℃、軟化温度112℃、重量平均分子量2800、Mw/Mn=2.3、酸価24mgKOH/g)2015g(収率90%)を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂A-2の製造
反応時間を10時間から12時間に変更したこと以外は、製造例1と同様にして、ポリエステル樹脂A-2(ガラス転移温度60℃、軟化温度115℃、重量平均分子量4200、Mw/Mn=2.9、酸価23mgKOH/g)1980g(収率88%)を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂B-1の作製
原料を表1に記載の種類、量に変更したこと以外は、製造例1のポリエステル樹脂A-1の作製と同様にして、ポリエステル樹脂B-1(ガラス転移温度63℃、軟化温度143℃、重量平均分子量29500、Mw/Mn=11.6、酸価22mgKOH/g、THF不溶分22%)2350g(収率85%)を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂B-2の製造
反応時間を10時間から12時間に変更したこと以外は、製造例1と同様にして、ポリエステル樹脂B-2(ガラス転移温度62℃、軟化温度136℃、重量平均分子量48200、Mw/Mn=12.3、酸価22mgKOH/g、THF不溶分15%)2450g(収率84%)を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂B-3の製造
反応時間を10時間から14時間に変更したこと以外は、製造例1と同様にして、ポリエステル樹脂B-3(ガラス転移温度63℃、軟化温度160℃、重量平均分子量1200000、Mw/Mn=11.2、酸価17mgKOH/g、THF不溶分23%)2500g(収率91%)を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂B-4の製造
原料を表1に記載の種類、量に変更したこと以外は、製造例1と同様にして、ポリエステル樹脂B-4(ガラス転移温度62℃、軟化温度135℃、重量平均分子量48200、Mw/Mn=15.2、酸価23mgKOH/g、THF不溶分29%)2400g(収率87%)を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂B-5の製造
原料を表1に記載の種類、量に変更したこと以外は、製造例1と同様にして、ポリエステル樹脂B-5(ガラス転移温度61℃、軟化温度121℃、重量平均分子量13500、Mw/Mn=8.9、酸価25mgKOH/g、THF不溶分12%)2500g(収率89%)を得た。
ポリエステル樹脂B-6の製造
原料を表1に記載の種類、量に変更し、反応時間を10時間から15時間に変更したこと以外は、製造例1と同様にして、ポリエステル樹脂B-6(ガラス転移温度64℃、軟化温度165℃、重量平均分子量1400000、Mw/Mn=12.5、酸価25mgKOH/g、THF不溶分25%)2400g(収率86%)を得た。
<混合工程S1>
ポリエステル樹脂A-1 36.1重量部(3610g)
ポリエステル樹脂B-1 54.2重量部(5416g)
着色剤 KET.BLUE111(商品名:銅フタロシアニン 15:3、クラリアント社製) 5.5重量部(550g)
離型剤 パラフィンワックス(商品名:HNP-10、日本精蝋株式会社製、融点(Tm):75℃) 3.3重量部(330g)
帯電制御剤 (商品名:Copy Charge N4P VP 2481、クラリアントジャパン株式会社製) 1.7重量部(170g)
上記の原料をヘンシェルミキサ(商品名:FM20C、三井鉱山株式会社製)にて3分間混合し、混合物10kgを得た。
前記混合工程S1で得た混合物を、混練機(商品名:二軸混練機PCM-60、株式会社池貝製)にて、シリンダ設定温度80℃~120℃(最高温度120℃)、回転数250rpm、供給量5kg/hで溶融混練し、溶融混練物を得た。
前記溶融混練工程S2で得た溶融混練物を、室温まで冷却して固化した後、カッターミル(商品名:VM-16、オリエント株式会社製)で粗粉砕した。次いで、得られた粗粉砕物を、カウンタージェットミル(商品名:AFG、ホソカワミクロン株式会社製)で微粉砕した。
<分級工程S4>
前記冷却粉砕工程S3で得た粉砕物を、ロータリー式分級機(商品名:TSPセパレータ、ホソカワミクロン株式会社製)で分級して、未外添トナーを得た。
前記分級工程S4で得た未外添トナー100重量部(500g)に対して、シランカップリング剤とジメチルシリコーンオイルとで表面処理された疎水性シリカ微粉子A(BET比表面積140m2/g)1.2重量部(6g)、シランカップリング剤で表面処理された疎水性シリカ微粉子B(BET比表面積30m2/g)0.8重量部(4g)、および酸化チタン(BET比表面積130m2/g)0.5重量部(2.5g)を添加し、ヘンシェルミキサ(商品名:FMミキサ、三井鉱山株式会社製)で混合し、実施例1のトナー(体積平均粒径6.7μm、CV値25%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の添加量を下記表2に記載の量に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例2のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の添加量を下記表2に記載の量に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例3のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂A-1の代わりに前記製造例4で得られたポリエステル樹脂A-2を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例4のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値25%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の代わりに前記製造例4ポリエステル樹脂B-2を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例5のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の代わりに前記製造例5で得られたポリエステル樹脂B-3を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例6のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の添加量を下記表2に記載の量に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例1のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の添加量を下記表2に記載の量に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例2のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の代わりに前記製造例6で得られたポリエステル樹脂B-4を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例3のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の代わりに前記製造例7で得られたポリエステル樹脂B-5を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例4のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
混合工程S1において、ポリエステル樹脂B-1の代わりに前記製造例8で得られたポリエステル樹脂B-6を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例5のトナー(体積平均粒子径6.7μm、CV値24%)を得た。
キャリアとして、体積平均粒径45μmのフェライトコアキャリアを用いて、キャリアに対する実施例1~4および比較例1~8のトナーの被覆率がそれぞれ60%となるようにV型混合器混合機(商品名:V-5、株式会社特寿工作所製)にて20分間混合して、二成分現像剤を作製した。
「G」:good(良好):ホットオフセット開始温度が230℃以上である。
「NB」:not bad(悪くない):ホットオフセット開始温度が180℃以上230℃未満である。
「B」:bad(不良):ホットオフセット開始温度が180℃未満である。
耐ホットオフセット性の評価と同様の操作にて、二成分現像剤を作製した。カラー複合機(商品名:MX-2700、シャープ株式会社製)を改造したものを用いて、OHPシート上にトナー付着量が1.7mg/cm2になるように調整してサンプル画像の未定着画像を作製し、定着画像を作製した。得られた定着画像のHAZE値をHAZEメーターmodelNDH2000(商品名、日本電色工業株式会社製)を用いて測定し、光透過性を評価した。HAZE値は小さいほど、光透過性が良好であることを示す。
「G」:good(良好):HAZE値が20未満である。
「NB」:not bad(悪くない):HAZE値が20以上25未満である。
「B」:bad(不良):HAZE値が25以上である。
各トナーを含む二成分現像剤を、カラー複合機(商品名:MX-2700、シャープ株式会社製)に充填し、記録媒体として記録用紙(商品名:PPC用紙SF-4AM3、シャープ株式会社製)を用い、25℃、45%RH環境にて、稼働させた。20000枚印刷後の二成分現像剤中のトナーの体積平均粒子径(D50)を測定し、初期D50(稼働前のトナーの体積平均粒子径)に対する割合を、粒子径率として下記式(4):
粒子径率(%)=D50/(初期D50)×100 (4)
に基づいて算出し、下記の基準で機械的強度を評価した。トナーが脆弱であると、現像槽内での撹拌などによるストレスにより、トナーが破砕され、粒子が小さくなる。したがって、粒子径率が大きいトナーほど機械的強度が良好であることを示す。
「NB」:not bad(悪くない):粒子径率が80以上90%未満である。
「B」:bad(不良):粒子径率が80%未満である。
前記の機械的強度評価と同様にして、カラー複合機を稼働させ、画像面積5%の原稿を20000枚印刷後、二成分現像剤中のトナーの帯電量比、画像濃度、およびかぶり濃度を測定した。
帯電量測定装置(商品名:210HS-2A、トレック・ジャパン株式会社製)を用いて測定した。二成分現像剤を、底部に500メッシュの導電性スクリーンを備えた金属製の容器に入れ、吸引機によってトナーのみを吸引圧250mmHgで吸引し、吸引前および吸引後の二成分現像剤の重量差と、容器に接続されたコンデンサー極板間の電位差とからトナーの帯電量を求めた。下記式(5):
帯電量比%=
[トナーの帯電量(μC/g)/トナーの初期帯電量(μC/g)]×100 (5)
に基づいて、トナーの初期帯電量(稼働前のトナーの帯電量)に対する割合を、帯電量比として算出し、下記の基準で帯電量比を評価した。
「G」:good(良好):帯電量比が80%以上
「NB」:not bad(悪くない):帯電量比が70以上80%未満
「B」:bad(不良):帯電量比が70%未満
一辺が3cmのベタ画像100%濃度を印刷し、印刷部分の画像濃度を、反射濃度計(商品名:RD918、マクベス社製)を用いて測定し、下記の基準で評価した。
「G」:good(良好):画像濃度が1.4以上である。
「NB」:not bad(悪くない):画像濃度が1.2以上1.4未満である。
「B」:bad(不良):画像濃度が1.2未満である。
白度計(商品名:Z-Σ90 COLOR MEASURING SYSTEM、日本電色工業社製)を用いて、非画像部(0%濃度)の白色度を測定し、予め測定しておいた印刷前の白色度との差を求め、かぶり濃度とし、下記の基準で評価した。
「G」:good(良好):かぶり濃度が0.5未満である。
「NB」:not bad(悪くない):かぶり濃度が0.5以上1.0未満である。
「B」:bad(不良):かぶり濃度が1.0以上である。
耐ホットオフセット性、透明性、機械的強度、帯電安定性、帯電量比、画像濃度、かぶり濃度の評価結果を用いて、以下の総合評価基準で総合評価を行った。
「G」:good(良好):良好。実使用上問題なし。評価結果が「G」もしくは「NB」である。
「B」:bad(不良):不良。評価結果に「B」がある。
Claims (9)
- 少なくとも結着樹脂と着色剤と離型剤を含むトナーにおいて、前記結着樹脂は、芳香族ジカルボン酸とロジンおよび3価以上のアルコールとを重縮合して得られ、前記ロジンの含有量が60重量%以上であるポリエステル樹脂Aと、芳香族ジカルボン酸とロジンと多価アルコールとを重縮合して得られ、前記ロジンの含有量が5~60重量%であるポリエステル樹脂Bとを含み、前記ポリエステル樹脂Bは前記ポリエステル樹脂A100重量部に対して50~200重量部含むトナー。
- 前記ロジンが、不均化ロジンである請求項1に記載のトナー。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂Aが、120℃以下の軟化温度を有する請求項1または2に記載のトナー。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂Aが、1.00×103~9.00×103の重量平均分子量を有する請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載のトナー。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂Aが、テトラヒドロフランに溶解する請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載のトナー。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂Bが、ポリエステル樹脂Aの軟化温度における貯蔵弾性率103~105Pa・sを有する請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載のトナー。
- 前記ポリエステル樹脂Bが、160℃以下の軟化温度を有する請求項1~6のいずれか1つに記載のトナー。
- 少なくとも結着樹脂と着色剤と離型剤を含むトナーの製造方法であり、芳香族ジカルボン酸とロジンおよび3価以上のアルコールとを重縮合して得られ、前記ロジンの含有量が60重量%以上であるポリエステル樹脂Aと、芳香族ジカルボン酸とロジンと多価アルコールとを重縮合して得られる前記ロジンの含有量が5~60重量%であるポリエステル樹脂Bを含み、前記ポリエステル樹脂Bは前記ポリエステル樹脂A100重量部に対して50~200重量部含まれる結着樹脂と、着色剤とを混合して混合物を作製する混合工程;
前記混合物を溶融混練して、混練物を作製する溶融混練工程;
前記混練物を冷却固化し、粉砕して粉砕物を作製する冷却粉砕工程;および
前記粉砕物を分級する分級工程
を含むトナーの製造方法。 - 前記混合工程が、
ポリエステル樹脂Aと、着色剤とを混合混練してマスターバッチを作製し、
前記ポリエステル樹脂Bと前記マスターバッチとを混合して混合物を作製することを含む請求項8に記載のトナーの製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/008,924 US20140017608A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-14 | Toner and process for producing same |
JP2013507365A JP5504378B2 (ja) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-14 | トナーおよびその製造方法 |
CN201280016453.2A CN103492953A (zh) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-14 | 调色剂及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011072811 | 2011-03-29 | ||
JP2011-072811 | 2011-03-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012132906A1 true WO2012132906A1 (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
Family
ID=46930643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/056571 WO2012132906A1 (ja) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-14 | トナーおよびその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140017608A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5504378B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103492953A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012132906A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20170137785A (ko) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-12-13 | 아리조나 케미칼 캄파니, 엘엘씨 | 로진 에스테르와 에틸렌 중합체를 함유하는 조성물 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10407593B2 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-09-10 | Kraton Chemical, Llc | Oligoesters compositions and methods of making and using same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007155978A (ja) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-21 | Kao Corp | トナー |
JP2007292792A (ja) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-08 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 二成分現像剤、並びにそれを用いた画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
JP2007322928A (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像形成装置、画像形成方法、及びプロセスカートリッジ |
WO2007142094A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Kao Corporation | 電子写真用トナー |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5840459A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1998-11-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner for developing electrostatic images and process for production thereof |
JP4749238B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2011-08-17 | 花王株式会社 | 電子写真用トナー |
JP4822065B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-09 | 2011-11-24 | Dic株式会社 | 電子写真トナー用樹脂組成物 |
JP5061052B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2012-10-31 | 日本ユピカ株式会社 | トナー用ポリエステル樹脂及び静電荷現像用トナー |
-
2012
- 2012-03-14 WO PCT/JP2012/056571 patent/WO2012132906A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-03-14 CN CN201280016453.2A patent/CN103492953A/zh active Pending
- 2012-03-14 US US14/008,924 patent/US20140017608A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-14 JP JP2013507365A patent/JP5504378B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007155978A (ja) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-21 | Kao Corp | トナー |
JP2007292792A (ja) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-08 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 二成分現像剤、並びにそれを用いた画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
JP2007322928A (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像形成装置、画像形成方法、及びプロセスカートリッジ |
WO2007142094A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Kao Corporation | 電子写真用トナー |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20170137785A (ko) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-12-13 | 아리조나 케미칼 캄파니, 엘엘씨 | 로진 에스테르와 에틸렌 중합체를 함유하는 조성물 |
KR102464692B1 (ko) | 2015-03-26 | 2022-11-09 | 크라톤 케미칼, 엘엘씨 | 로진 에스테르와 에틸렌 중합체를 포함하는 조성물 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5504378B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
US20140017608A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
CN103492953A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
JPWO2012132906A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5114531B2 (ja) | トナーおよびトナーの製造方法 | |
JP5114532B2 (ja) | トナーおよびトナーの製造方法 | |
JP5117538B2 (ja) | トナーおよびトナーの製造方法 | |
JP6584158B2 (ja) | トナー | |
JP5504378B2 (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2012173628A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP5470167B2 (ja) | トナーおよびトナーの製造方法 | |
JP2013092729A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2013044886A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2013242388A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP5470168B2 (ja) | トナーおよびトナーの製造方法 | |
JP4975116B2 (ja) | トナーの製造方法およびトナー | |
JP2012173322A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2008129228A (ja) | トナー用バインダー樹脂及び電子写真用トナー | |
JP2012237802A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2013092694A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2012226263A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2015084025A (ja) | トナーの製造方法およびトナー | |
JP2013061409A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2012226261A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP4997271B2 (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2012181241A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2013174745A (ja) | トナーおよびトナーの製造方法 | |
JP2013083882A (ja) | トナーおよびその製造方法 | |
JP2016051025A (ja) | 電子写真用トナー |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12763598 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013507365 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14008924 Country of ref document: US |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 12763598 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |