WO2012036256A1 - N-ビニルラクタム系重合体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
N-ビニルラクタム系重合体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012036256A1 WO2012036256A1 PCT/JP2011/071180 JP2011071180W WO2012036256A1 WO 2012036256 A1 WO2012036256 A1 WO 2012036256A1 JP 2011071180 W JP2011071180 W JP 2011071180W WO 2012036256 A1 WO2012036256 A1 WO 2012036256A1
- Authority
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vinyl lactam
- mass
- polymer
- polymerization
- monomer
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical group O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007883 water-soluble azo polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DVPHDWQFZRBFND-DMHDVGBCSA-N 1-o-[2-[(3ar,5r,6s,6ar)-2,2-dimethyl-6-prop-2-enoyloxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]-2-[4-[(2s,3r)-1-butan-2-ylsulfanyl-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-oxoazetidin-3-yl]oxy-4-oxobutanoyl]oxyethyl] 4-o-[(2s,3r)-1-butan-2-ylsulfanyl-2-(2-chloropheny Chemical group C1([C@H]2[C@H](C(N2SC(C)CC)=O)OC(=O)CCC(=O)OC(COC(=O)CCC(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H](N(C2=O)SC(C)CC)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@H]3O2)OC(=O)C=C)=CC=CC=C1Cl DVPHDWQFZRBFND-DMHDVGBCSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 107
- -1 for example Polymers 0.000 description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 23
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 13
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CCC(O)=O)C#N VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- LBSPZZSGTIBOFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]diazene;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.N=1CCNC=1C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C1=NCCN1 LBSPZZSGTIBOFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C=C QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KQIXMZWXFFHRAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxybutylamino)butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CNCC(O)CC KQIXMZWXFFHRAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AGVKXDPPPSLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CCNC1CCCCC1 AGVKXDPPPSLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCVNDBIXFPGMIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNCC XCVNDBIXFPGMIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIVIDPPYRINTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CCNC(C)C RIVIDPPYRINTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical compound CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGUZQMQXAHVIQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylethenamine Chemical compound CNC=C HGUZQMQXAHVIQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHFGWHUWQXTGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CNC(C)C XHFGWHUWQXTGAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MADOXCFISYCULS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS MADOXCFISYCULS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWNSNYBMYBWJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCS LWNSNYBMYBWJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940117803 phenethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNYADZUHUHIGRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1,3-triamine Chemical compound NCCC(N)N XNYADZUHUHIGRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)N BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XJAJNAQBHCNNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfo hydrogen sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OS(=O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O XJAJNAQBHCNNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035024 thioglycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical compound C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F26/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F26/06—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F26/08—N-Vinyl-pyrrolidine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F126/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F126/06—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F126/10—N-Vinyl-pyrrolidone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F26/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F26/06—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F26/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F26/06—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F26/10—N-Vinyl-pyrrolidone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/40—Introducing phosphorus atoms or phosphorus-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F226/06—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F226/10—N-Vinyl-pyrrolidone
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an N-vinyl lactam polymer and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an N-vinyl lactam polymer useful for various uses, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and a method for producing the same.
- N-vinyl lactam polymer for example, polyvinyl pyrrolidone is representative, and it is used as a safe functional polymer in a wide range of fields. For example, it is used in various uses such as cosmetics, medical and agrochemical intermediates, food additives, photosensitive electronic materials, tackifiers, and various special industrial uses (for example, production of hollow fiber membranes). In particular, low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful for these various applications.
- Low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone is generally produced by polymerizing N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in an aqueous medium in the presence of a metal catalyst and using hydrogen peroxide as a polymerization initiator (Patent Documents 1 and 2). 3).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2). 3 For example, as a method for safely producing polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a relatively low molecular weight at a low temperature and in a short time, a monomer component containing vinyl pyrrolidone in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, a metal catalyst, ammonia and / or an amine compound is used.
- a method for producing polyvinylpyrrolidone by carrying out a polymerization reaction has been reported (see Patent Document 3).
- a polymerization reaction of a monomer component containing vinylpyrrolidone is performed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, a metal catalyst, ammonia and / or an amine compound.
- a method of performing treatment with a cation exchange resin during and / or after the polymerization reaction when producing polyvinylpyrrolidone is disclosed (see Patent Document 4). This technique is industrially useful as a method for producing polyvinylpyrrolidone having a relatively low molecular weight while suppressing coloring of polyvinylpyrrolidone during polymerization and storage.
- Patent Document 5 a dye transfer inhibitor containing a polymer having a vinyl lactam unit of 90% by mass or more and a K value of 28 or less, and a chain transfer agent having an acid group.
- the action effect on a dye can be improved by bonding a chain transfer agent having an acid group to the terminal of a polymer having a vinyl lactam unit, particularly in the presence of an anionic surfactant.
- the performance required for the dye transfer inhibitor can be sufficiently exhibited.
- Patent Document 5 also uses a mixture of 0.94 part of 4,4′-azobis-4-cyanovaleric acid and 0.98 part of triethanolamine as a polymerization initiator, and ammonium hypophosphite as a chain transfer agent.
- Poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone having a K value of 17.3 is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-62804 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-71414 JP 2002-155108 A JP 2008-255147 A JP 2007-238918 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and provides an N-vinyl lactam polymer capable of maintaining a color tone with little change in color tone (yellowing) even under high temperature conditions, and a method for producing the same.
- the purpose is to do.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted extensive research on a polymer having a structural unit derived from an N-vinyl lactam monomer, and found that a hypophosphite group and / or a metal of hypophosphorous acid was present at the end of the main chain. It has been found that when an N-vinyl lactam polymer having a structural unit composed of a base is used, it is possible to suppress coloration and maintain the color tone even at high temperatures. In particular, it has been found that color change (yellowing) is sufficiently suppressed in the vicinity of 200 to 270 ° C.
- an N-vinyl lactam polymer when producing an N-vinyl lactam polymer, if a production method including a specific polymerization step is adopted, an N-vinyl lactam polymer capable of suppressing coloration and maintaining color tone even at high temperatures can be effectively produced.
- the inventors have found out that the above-mentioned problems can be solved brilliantly, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention is a polymer having a structural unit derived from an N-vinyl lactam monomer, and the N-vinyl lactam polymer has a hypophosphite group and / or the following at the main chain end.
- the present invention is also a composition comprising the N-vinyl lactam polymer, wherein the N-vinyl lactam polymer composition has a total of ammonia and ammonium salt (in terms of ammonium) of N-vinyl lactam.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing an N-vinyl lactam polymer, which comprises a water-soluble azo polymerization initiator and / or a water-soluble organic peroxide, hypophosphorous acid and / or It is also a method for producing an N-vinyl lactam polymer comprising a step of polymerizing a monomer component containing an N-vinyl lactam monomer in an aqueous solvent in the presence of a metal salt of hypophosphorous acid. .
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the form which combined two or more each preferable form of this invention described below is also a preferable form of this invention.
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention is a polymer having a structural unit derived from an N-vinyl lactam monomer.
- the structural unit derived from the N-vinyl lactam monomer is a structural unit formed by radical polymerization of an N-vinyl lactam monomer. Specifically, a single unit of N-vinyl lactam monomer is used. This is a structural unit in which the polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond in the body is a carbon-carbon single bond.
- the N-vinyl lactam monomer is a monomer having a cyclic lactam ring.
- N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and / or N-vinylcaprolactam is used because the polymerizability is good and the color stability of the resulting polymer at high temperature is good. Is preferred.
- the N-vinyl lactam monomer can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer may also contain a structural unit derived from a monomer other than the N-vinyl lactam monomer (also referred to as other monomer).
- the structural unit derived from another monomer means a structural unit formed by radical polymerization of another monomer.
- 1 type may be sufficient as another monomer, and 2 or more types may be sufficient as it.
- carboxyl group-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, (meth) acrylate, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonate, Sulphonic acid group-containing monomers such as styrene sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonate, (meth) allyl sulfonate, (meth) allyl sulfonate; alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate) , Ethyl methacrylate, etc.) (meth) acrylic acid and glycol monoesters (hydroxyethyl methacrylate, etc.), etc .; (meth) acrylic acid aminoalkyl esters (diethylaminoethyl acrylate, etc.), (meth) acrylic acid aminoalkyl esters A quaternary ammonium derivative
- Vinyl ethers N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylcarbazole, (meth) acrylamide, N-alkyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N, N-methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, etc.
- the salt include metal salts, ammonium salts, and organic amine salts.
- the metal salts include alkali metal salts such as lithium salts, sodium salts, and potassium salts; calcium salts, magnesium salts, and the like. Examples include alkaline earth metal salts; transition metal salts; and the like, with alkali metal salts being preferred. Moreover, it is preferable not to use an ammonium salt as much as possible from a viewpoint of suppressing fully the odor and coloring (yellowing) at the time of a heating.
- (meth) acrylic acid means methacrylic acid or acrylic acid
- (meth) allylsulfonic acid means methallylsulfonic acid or allylsulfonic acid
- (meth) acrylamide means methacrylamide or acrylamide.
- (Meth) acrylate means methacrylate or acrylate, respectively.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the N-vinyl lactam monomer is the structural unit derived from all monomers contained in the N-vinyl lactam polymer (structure derived from the N-vinyl lactam monomer).
- the total amount of the unit and the structural unit derived from another monomer) is preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass with respect to 100% by mass. Thereby, when the obtained polymer is used, for example, for the production of a hollow fiber membrane, the productivity of the hollow fiber membrane is further improved. More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 90 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less. Particularly preferred is 100% by mass, that is, a form in which the N-vinyl lactam polymer is a homopolymer of an N-vinyl lactam monomer is particularly preferred.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the other monomer is 0% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the structural unit derived from all monomers contained in the N-vinyl lactam polymer. It is preferably 0% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, more preferably 0% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0% by mass.
- the structural unit derived from another monomer has an acid group salt such as a carboxyl group salt or a sulfonic acid group salt, all monomers are derived as the structural unit derived from the corresponding acid.
- the mass ratio (% by mass) to the structural unit is calculated (acid conversion).
- mass% is calculated as a structural unit derived from acrylic acid, which is the corresponding acid.
- the structural unit derived from another monomer has an amino group salt, the mass ratio (% by mass) with respect to the structural unit derived from all monomers as the structural unit derived from the corresponding amine is similarly applied. Is calculated (in terms of amine).
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer also has an ammonium salt structure (eg, —COONH 4 + , —SO 3 NH 4 +, etc.) for the purpose of sufficiently suppressing odor and coloring (yellowing) during heating.
- ammonium salt structure of acid is preferably contained as little as possible.
- the preferred range of the ammonium salt structure (calculating the mass as NH 4 ) in the N-vinyl lactam polymer is based on 100% by mass of the N-vinyl lactam polymer (provided that the composition is an aqueous solution or the like). Is 0 to 0.001 mass% with respect to 100 mass parts of solid content).
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer has a structural unit composed of a hypophosphite group and / or a metal base of hypophosphite at the end of the main chain. That is, the polymer molecule has a structural unit composed of at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hypophosphite group and a metal base of hypophosphite at the end of the main chain of the polymer molecule.
- the structural unit consisting of a hypophosphite group at the end of the main chain and / or a metal base of hypophosphite is a phosphinic acid group (represented by —PH ( ⁇ O) (OH)), and It is at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of metal bases of phosphinic acid (for example, represented by —PH ( ⁇ O) (ONa) in the case of sodium phosphinate).
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer preferably has a metal base of hypophosphorous acid at the main chain terminal.
- the metal salt examples include alkali metal salts such as lithium salts, sodium salts, and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts; transition metal salts; preferable.
- the structural unit consisting of a hypophosphite group at the end of the main chain and / or a metal base of hypophosphite is formed by forming a hypophosphorous acid (salt) group at the end of the main chain of the polymer, It can also be converted to the desired acid or metal salt by the addition of a base. Similarly, it can be converted by treatment with an ion exchange resin or the like.
- the content of the structural unit consisting of a hypophosphite group and / or a metal base of hypophosphite present at the end of the main chain (molecular end) is N-vinyl lactam type. It is preferable that it is 0.01 mass% or more with respect to 100 mass% of total weights of a polymer, More preferably, it is 0.1 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.3 mass% or more. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 10 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 7 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 6 mass% or less.
- Examples of a method for forming a structural unit composed of a hypophosphite group and / or a metal base of hypophosphite at the main chain terminal of the N-vinyllactam polymer include, for example, N-vinyllactam monomers A method of polymerizing a monomer component containing phosphite in the presence of a reducing agent containing hypophosphorous acid (phosphinic acid), hypophosphite (phosphinic acid salt), and / or a hydrate thereof. Preferably employed.
- a structural unit composed of a hypophosphite group at the end of the main chain and / or a metal base of hypophosphite is incorporated into the polymer molecule as a reducing agent piece.
- the structural unit consisting of the hypophosphorous acid group at the end of the main chain and / or the metal base of hypophosphorous acid can be analyzed by, for example, 31 P-NMR measurement. Specifically, it can analyze by the measuring method mentioned later.
- a compound that contributes more than twice as a reducing agent such as hypophosphorous acid (salt) is used as the reducing agent
- a structural unit containing phosphorus is formed in addition to the molecular terminal of the N-vinyl lactam polymer.
- the N-vinyllactam polymer also contains other structural units.
- other structural units include a structural unit derived from a polymerization initiator and a structural unit derived from a reducing agent other than hypophosphorous acid (salt). That is, structural units derived from raw materials other than the monomer and hypophosphorous acid (salt) are exemplified.
- the content ratio of such other structural units is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of the total mass of the N-vinyl lactam polymer.
- the structural unit derived from the polymerization initiator is typically formed at the start terminal of the polymer, but when a carboxyl group is formed at the main chain terminal of the polymer, the coloration during heating (yellow It is preferable that the end of the main chain of the polymer does not contain a carboxyl group (salt). Therefore, it is preferable that the polymerization initiator does not have a carboxyl group (salt).
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer preferably has a K value of 3 or more and 100 or less by the Fikencher method.
- the K value is more preferably 4 to 60, still more preferably 5 to 40, and particularly preferably 5 to 35.
- the K value is preferably less than 15 from the viewpoint that the viscosity of the dispersion in which the dispersion target is dispersed can be kept low.
- the K value is more preferably 14 or less, still more preferably less than 14, particularly preferably 13.5 or less, and most preferably less than 13.5.
- the form in which the K value of the N-vinyl lactam polymer is 5 or more and less than 15 is one of the preferred forms of the present invention.
- the lower limit of the K value is more preferably 7 or more, particularly preferably 8 or more, and most preferably 9 or more.
- Z represents the relative viscosity ( ⁇ rel) of a solution having a concentration C.
- C is a concentration (%: g / 100 ml).
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer (or an N-vinyl lactam polymer composition described later) also has a good color tone under high temperature conditions, that is, it is difficult to be colored.
- the yellowness (YI) when heated at 260 ° C. for 60 minutes under nitrogen flow is preferably 25 or less, more preferably 20 or less.
- the b value in the Hunter Lab color space is preferably 13 or less, more preferably 10 or less. The yellowness (YI) and the b value in the Hunter Lab color space can be obtained by a measurement method described later.
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention can be produced by polymerizing a monomer component (also referred to as a monomer composition) containing an N-vinyl lactam monomer. As described above, a polymer containing no structural unit derived from an N-vinyl lactam monomer may be produced and then modified to form a structural unit derived from an N-vinyl lactam monomer.
- a preferred method for producing the N-vinyl lactam polymer is a method comprising a step of polymerizing a monomer component containing an N-vinyl lactam monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- the N-vinyl lactam monomer is as described above.
- the monomer component may contain one or more monomers other than the N-vinyllactam monomer (also referred to as other monomers). Such other monomers are also as described above.
- the content ratio (use ratio) of the N-vinyl lactam monomer is 100% by mass based on the total monomer components (N-vinyl lactam monomer and other monomers).
- the content is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less.
- the productivity of the hollow fiber membrane is further improved. More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 90 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less.
- Particularly preferred is 100% by weight, that is, a form in which the N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention is a homopolymer of an N-vinyl lactam monomer is particularly preferred.
- the content ratio (use ratio) of the other monomer is 0% by mass or more and 50% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of all the monomer components (N-vinyl lactam monomer and other monomers). % Or less, more preferably 0% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, still more preferably 0% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0% by mass.
- the other monomer is a salt of an acid group such as a carboxyl group salt or a sulfonic acid group salt.
- the acid group has a salt
- the salt of the acid group is calculated as the corresponding acid group (acid conversion).
- the other monomer has an amino group salt
- the amino group salt is calculated as the corresponding amino group (in terms of amine).
- -Polymerization initiator Although it does not specifically limit as said polymerization initiator, it is preferable to use a water-soluble azo polymerization initiator and a water-soluble organic peroxide. That is, it is preferable to carry out the polymerization step in the presence of a water-soluble azo polymerization initiator and / or a water-soluble organic peroxide.
- water-soluble means a property of dissolving 1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of water at 20 ° C.
- the azo polymerization initiator means a compound having an azo bond and generating a radical by heat or the like, and one or more kinds can be used.
- One or more water-soluble organic peroxides can also be used.
- water-soluble azo polymerization initiator examples include 2,2′-azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [2- (2-imidazoline). -2-yl) propane] disulfate dihydrate, 2,2′-azobis- (propane-2-carbomidine) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [N- (2-carboxyethyl) -2-methylpropionamidine], 2,2′-azobis ⁇ 2- [1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-imidazolin-2-yl] Propane ⁇ dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane], 2,2′-azobis (1-imino-1-pyrrolidino-2-methylpropane) dihydrochloride , 2,2'-azobis ⁇ 2- Til-
- the water-soluble azo polymerization initiator those having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 30 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less are suitable. This makes it possible to produce a low molecular weight N-vinyl lactam polymer more efficiently, and to improve the color tone of the resulting polymer at a high temperature. More preferably, the 10-hour half-life temperature is 40 ° C or higher and 70 ° C or lower.
- the azo polymerization initiator having a carboxyl group may affect coloring, it is preferable to refrain from using it. That is, it is preferable that the water-soluble azo polymerization initiator (water-soluble azo compound) does not contain a carboxyl group.
- water-soluble organic peroxide examples include tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tertiary hexyl hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide and the like alkyl hydroperoxide; tertiary butyl peroxyacetate; disuccinoyl peroxide; Examples include peracetic acid.
- a low molecular weight N-vinyl lactam polymer can be produced more efficiently, and the resulting polymer has a better color tone at high temperatures, so that an alkyl hydroperoxide is used. Is preferred. More preferably, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide is used.
- the organic peroxide those having a 10-hour half-life temperature of 30 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower are suitable. This makes it possible to produce a low molecular weight N-vinyl lactam polymer more efficiently, and to improve the color tone of the resulting polymer at a high temperature. More preferably, the 10-hour half-life temperature is 40 ° C. or higher and 170 ° C. or lower.
- the polymerization initiator one or more selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble azo polymerization initiator and a water-soluble organic peroxide is preferably used.
- a polymerization initiator may be used in combination. Examples of such a polymerization initiator include persulfates such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, and the like.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used (when used in plural, the total amount) is preferably 15 g or less with respect to 1 mol of all monomer components, unless otherwise specified. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 12 g.
- the amount of polymerization initiator used here includes the amounts of water-soluble azo polymerization initiator and water-soluble organic peroxide.
- the amount of the water-soluble azo polymerization initiator used is preferably 1.9 g or less per 1 mol of all monomer components. . This makes it possible to produce a low molecular weight N-vinyl lactam polymer more efficiently, and to improve the color tone of the resulting polymer at high temperatures. More preferably, it is 1.6 g or less, More preferably, it is 1.2 g or less, Most preferably, it is 1.1 g or less. Moreover, 0.1 g or more is preferable with respect to 1 mol of all the monomer components, and the minimum of the usage-amount is more preferable 0.2g or more.
- the amount of the water-soluble organic peroxide used is preferably 1.9 g or less with respect to 1 mol of all monomer components. This makes it possible to produce a low molecular weight N-vinyl lactam polymer more efficiently, and to improve the color tone of the resulting polymer at a high temperature. More preferably, it is 1.6 g or less, More preferably, it is 1.2 g or less, Most preferably, it is 1.1 g or less. Moreover, 0.1 g or more is preferable with respect to 1 mol of all monomer components, and the minimum of the usage-amount is more preferable 0.2g or more.
- the method for adding the polymerization initiator to the reaction system (polymerization kettle) is not particularly limited.
- the total amount of polymerization initiator used (total amount of a predetermined amount) is substantially 100% by mass during polymerization.
- the amount added continuously is preferably 50% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 100 mass%, ie, adding the whole quantity continuously.
- the dropping rate may be changed.
- the polymerization initiator may be added as it is without dissolving in a solvent such as water, but it is preferable to add it to the reaction system (polymerization kettle) after dissolving in a solvent such as water.
- in polymerization means the time after the start of polymerization and before the end of polymerization.
- the “polymerization start time” refers to the time when both of at least part of the monomer component and at least part of the initiator are added to the polymerization apparatus, and “polymerization end time” refers to the time of the monomer. The point when the addition of the entire amount to the polymerization apparatus is completed.
- the polymerization step is also preferably performed in the presence of a reducing agent.
- a reducing agent By polymerizing in the presence of a reducing agent, a low molecular weight N-vinyl lactam polymer can be produced efficiently.
- the said reducing agent may be used independently and may be used with the form of 2 or more types of mixtures.
- reducing agent examples include, for example, mercaptoethanol, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, thiomalic acid, octyl thioglycolate, octyl 3-mercaptopropionate, Thiol compounds such as 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, n-dodecyl mercaptan, octyl mercaptan, butylthioglycolate; halides such as carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, bromoform, bromotrichloroethane; secondary alcohols such as isopropanol, glycerin; Compounds containing phosphorus such as phosphorous acid, phosphite, hypophosphorous acid, hypophosphite and hydrates thereof; such as sulfurous acid, hydrogen sulfite, dithionite,
- Examples of the salt include metal salts, ammonium salts, and organic amine salts, and metal salts are preferable.
- Examples of the metal salt include alkali metal salts such as lithium salts, sodium salts, and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts; transition metal salts; .
- the resulting N-vinyl lactam polymer has particularly good color tone at high temperatures, so hypophosphorous acid and / or metal salts of hypophosphorous acid (including hydrates thereof) Is preferably used. That is, it is preferable that the polymerization step is a form in which polymerization is performed in the presence of hypophosphorous acid and / or a metal salt of hypophosphorous acid. Among them, it is particularly preferable to use at least hypophosphorous acid and / or an alkali metal salt of hypophosphorous acid because of high chain transfer efficiency.
- hypophosphorous acid and / or secondary phosphorus is added to the main chain terminal of the polymer molecule by addition of acid or base.
- a structural unit comprising a metal base of phosphorous acid may be formed.
- hypophosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid is added to the main chain terminal of the polymer molecule.
- a structural unit composed of a metal base may be formed.
- the amount of the reducing agent used is preferably 0.05 to 20 g with respect to 1 mol of all monomer components, unless otherwise specified. If the amount is less than 0.05 g, the molecular weight may not be more controlled, while if it exceeds 20 g, the reducing agent may remain and the polymer purity may not be sufficiently increased. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 15 g.
- hypophosphorous acid and / or a metal salt of hypophosphorous acid including these hydrates
- hypophosphorous acid and 1 mol of all monomer components are used. It is preferable that the amount of metal salt of hypophosphorous acid (or the total amount when used in plural) be 5.0 g or less.
- hypophosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid metal salts that do not contribute to chain transfer (hypophosphorous acid and / or hypophosphorous acid metal salts that are not incorporated into the polymer ends) increase.
- the performance may not be more sufficient.
- the minimum of the usage-amount is 1.0 g or more.
- the reducing agent As a method of adding the reducing agent, it may be added to the reaction vessel (polymerization kettle) before the start of polymerization (referred to as initial charge), or all or a part thereof may be added to the reaction vessel (polymerization kettle) during the polymerization. May be.
- “before polymerization” means before the polymerization start point
- “after polymerization” means after the polymerization end point.
- the amount of the reducing agent added to the reaction system (polymerization kettle) substantially continuously during the polymerization is preferably 50% by mass or more based on 100% by mass of the total amount of the reducing agent used. More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 95 mass% or more.
- the dropping rate may be changed.
- heavy metal ions may be used as the reducing compound that acts as a decomposition catalyst for the polymerization initiator.
- a heavy metal means a metal having a specific gravity of 4 g / cm 3 or more.
- iron is preferable, and as the reducing compound, a mole salt (Fe (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O), ferrous sulfate ⁇ 7 hydrate, ferrous chloride, chloride
- a mole salt Fe (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O)
- ferrous sulfate ⁇ 7 hydrate ferrous chloride
- chloride Use heavy metal salts such as ferric iron, copper (I) sulfate and / or its hydrate, copper (II) sulfate and / or its hydrate, copper (II) chloride and / or its hydrate, etc. Is preferred.
- the amount used is preferably 0.01 to 10 ppm with respect to the total mass of the polymerization reaction solution at the completion of the polymerization reaction.
- the content of heavy metal ions is less than 0.01 ppm, the effect of heavy metal ions may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if the content of heavy metal ions exceeds 10 ppm, the resulting polymer may not have a better color tone.
- ammonia and / or an amine compound can be used for the purpose of accelerating the polymerization reaction or preventing hydrolysis of N-vinyl lactam.
- Ammonia and / or amine compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ammonia and / or amine compound can function as a promoter in the polymerization reaction. That is, when ammonia and / or an amine compound is included in the reaction system, the progress of the polymerization reaction can be further promoted as compared with the case where ammonia and / or amine compound are not included.
- the ammonia and / or amine compound can also function as a basic pH adjuster in the reaction system of the polymerization reaction.
- the obtained N-vinyl lactam polymer has an ammonium salt structure (for example, —COONH 4 + , —SO 3 NH, etc.) for the purpose of sufficiently suppressing odor and coloring (yellowing) during heating. It is preferable to set 4 + or the like ammonium salt structure) of so as not to include as much as possible.
- the preferred range of the ammonium salt structure (calculating the mass as NH 4 ) in the N-vinyl lactam polymer is based on 100% by mass of the N-vinyl lactam polymer (provided that the composition is an aqueous solution or the like). Is 0 to 0.001 mass% with respect to 100 mass parts of solid content). From such a viewpoint, when using ammonia and / or an amine compound, it is preferable to use an amine compound.
- ammonia and / or amine compound can be performed by any appropriate method.
- the ammonia and / or amine compound may be charged into the reaction vessel from the initial stage of polymerization, or may be added sequentially into the reaction vessel during the polymerization. Also good.
- the ammonia may be used as it is as a gaseous simple substance at room temperature or as an aqueous solution (ammonia water).
- Any appropriate amine compound can be adopted as the amine compound. Specific examples include primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines. Only 1 type may be used for an amine compound and it may use 2 or more types together.
- Examples of the primary amine include monoethanolamine, allylamine, isopropylamine, diaminopropylamine, ethylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, 3- (2-ethylhexyloxy) propylamine, 3-ethoxypropylamine, 3- (Diethylamino) propylamine, 3- (dibutylamino) propylamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, t-butylamine, sec-butylamine, propylamine, 3- (methylamino) propylamine, 3- (dimethylamino) propylamine, 3-methoxy And propylamine. Only 1 type may be used for the said primary amine and it may use 2 or more types together.
- Examples of the secondary amine include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, N-methylethylamine, N-methylpropylamine, N-methylisopropylamine, N-methylbutylamine, N-methylisobutylamine, Aliphatic compounds such as N-methylcyclohexylamine, N-ethylpropylamine, N-ethylisopropylamine, N-ethylbutylamine, N-ethylisobutylamine, N-ethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylvinylamine and N-methylallylamine Secondary amine: N-methylethylenediamine, N-ethylethylenediamine, N, N′-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N′-diethylethylenediamine, N-methyltrimethylenediamine, N-ethyltrimethylenedia N, N'-dimethyltrimethylenediamine, N,
- Monoalkanolamines such as diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, dibutanolamine; pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, N-methylpiperazine, N Include; ethyl piperazine, morpholine, cyclic amines, such as thiomorpholine.
- dialkanolamine and dialkylamine are preferable, dialkanolamine is more preferable, and diethanolamine is particularly preferable.
- the secondary amine may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- tertiary amine examples include trialkanolamines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, triisopropylamine, triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, and tributanolamine. Of these, trialkanolamine is preferable, and triethanolamine is particularly preferable.
- the tertiary amine may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total amount in the case of using the ammonia and the amine compound is unclear because it is related to the type of initiator used and other raw materials, so that the pH during polymerization can maintain the range described later. It is preferable to set. It is preferable to reduce the amount of ammonia used as much as possible.
- a copper salt is used as the heavy metal salt and the ammonia is further used, a copper ammine complex salt can be formed.
- copper ammine complex salts examples include diammine copper salts ([Cu (NH 3 ) 2 ] 2 SO 4 .H 2 O, [Cu (NH 3 ) 2 ] Cl, etc.), tetraammine copper salts ([Cu (NH 3 ) 4 ] SO 4 .H 2 O, [Cu (NH 3 ) 4 ] Cl 2, etc.).
- the polymerization step is preferably performed in an aqueous solvent.
- the aqueous solvent means water or a mixed solvent containing water.
- the mixed solvent containing water is preferably a mixed solvent in which 50% by mass or more is water with respect to 100% by mass of the total solvent, and more preferably 80% by mass or more is water. It is particularly preferable to use only water as the aqueous solvent. When only water is used, it is preferable in that the remaining organic solvent can be avoided.
- the concentration of solids after the completion of polymerization is 10 to 70% by mass relative to 100% by mass of the polymerization solution. It is preferable to carry out such that More preferably, it is 15 to 60% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 55% by mass.
- the temperature during the polymerization is preferably 70 ° C. or higher. If the temperature at the time of polymerization is within this range, the residual monomer component is reduced and the dispersibility of the polymer tends to be improved. More preferably, it is 75 to 110 ° C, and still more preferably 80 to 105 ° C.
- the temperature at the time of polymerization need not always be kept constant during the progress of the polymerization reaction. For example, the polymerization is started from room temperature, and the temperature is increased to a set temperature at an appropriate temperature increase time or temperature increase rate. Thereafter, the set temperature may be maintained, or the polymerization temperature is changed over time during the progress of the polymerization reaction (increase or decrease in temperature) depending on the dropping method of the monomer component, initiator, and the like. You may let them.
- the pH during the polymerization (that is, the pH of the polymerization solution used for the polymerization) is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 6 or more, from the viewpoint of sufficiently suppressing impurities or by-products. Moreover, 11 or less is preferable.
- the polymerization time in the polymerization step (between the polymerization start point and the polymerization end point) is preferably 30 minutes or longer and 5 hours or shorter. As the polymerization time becomes longer, the color of the polymerization solution tends to increase. Further, after the completion of the polymerization, for the purpose of reducing the monomer remaining in the polymerization solution, an aging step (referred to as a step of maintaining under warming / warming conditions after polymerization) may be provided. The aging time is usually from 1 minute to 4 hours. It is preferable to add a polymerization initiator further during the aging time because the monomer remaining in the polymerization solution can be reduced.
- the delay is 1 to 120 minutes, and more preferably 5 to 60 minutes.
- the pressure in the reaction system may be any of normal pressure (atmospheric pressure), reduced pressure, and increased pressure, but in terms of the molecular weight of the polymer to be obtained, it is under normal pressure or reaction. It is preferable to carry out under pressure while the system is sealed. Moreover, it is preferable to carry out under normal pressure (atmospheric pressure) in terms of equipment such as a pressurizing device, a decompressing device, a pressure-resistant reaction vessel, and piping.
- the atmosphere in the reaction system may be an air atmosphere, but is preferably an inert atmosphere. For example, the inside of the system is preferably replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen before the start of polymerization.
- the production method of the present invention includes the polymerization step, but may include a purification step, a desalting step, a concentration step, a dilution step, a drying step, and the like as necessary.
- the drying step is a step of pulverization and the like, and may be performed by a general method. For example, it can be transferred to a powder by spray drying, freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, drum drying, belt drying, or the like.
- the color tone of the resulting N-vinyl lactam polymer solution can be further improved by treating the reaction solution (polymerization solution) with a cation exchange resin.
- the step of treating with such a cation exchange resin can be performed during the polymerization (in parallel with the polymerization step) or after the polymerization.
- the treatment with the cation exchange resin during the polymerization reaction can be carried out by any appropriate method. Preferably, it can be performed by adding a cation exchange resin into a reaction vessel in which the polymerization reaction of the monomer component is performed.
- a mode in which a cation exchange resin is added to a reaction vessel in which a polymerization reaction is performed and finely suspended, and then filtered is used.
- Arbitrary appropriate time can be employ
- it is 1 minute to 24 hours. If the treatment time is too short, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently exhibited, and if the treatment time is too long, the productivity may not be improved. More preferably, it is 3 minutes to 12 hours, and further preferably 5 minutes to 2 hours.
- a production method comprising a step of polymerizing a monomer component containing an N-vinyllactam monomer in an aqueous solvent in the presence thereof. This makes it possible to suitably obtain an N-vinyl lactam polymer having a structural unit composed of a hypophosphite group and / or a metal base of hypophosphite at the end of the main chain.
- N-vinyl lactam is present in an aqueous solvent in the presence of a water-soluble azo polymerization initiator and / or a water-soluble organic peroxide and hypophosphorous acid and / or a metal salt of hypophosphorous acid.
- a method for producing an N-vinyl lactam polymer including a step of polymerizing a monomer component containing a monomer is also one aspect of the present invention.
- N-vinyl lactam polymer composition The N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention and the N-vinyl lactam polymer obtained by the above-described production method of the present invention also have other components (for example, monomers, by-products during polymerization, initiation, May be present together with a residue such as an agent or a reducing agent, a solvent, etc. Such an N-vinyl lactam polymer composition containing the N-vinyl lactam polymer is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer composition is preferably the sum of ammonia and ammonium salt in the N-vinyl lactam polymer composition (in terms of ammonium).
- the form is 0 to 0.1% by mass with respect to mass%. Thereby, an odor and coloring (yellowing) can be reduced more. More preferably, it is 0 to 0.01% by mass, and still more preferably it is substantially free of ammonia and ammonium salt.
- N-vinyl lactam polymer composition is an aqueous solution
- a preferred form is 1 to 70% by mass of N-vinyl lactam polymer, 30 to 99% by mass of water, and other components (residual N— And vinyl lactam monomers) are included in an amount of 0 to 1% by mass.
- the preferred form is 95 to 100% by mass of N-vinyl lactam polymer and other components (water, residual N-vinyl lactam, etc.). Examples thereof include 0 to 5% by mass.
- N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention and the N-vinyl lactam polymer obtained by the production method of the present invention described above can be used for any appropriate application.
- An example of its use is various inorganic and organic dispersants, flocculants, thickeners, pressure-sensitive adhesives, adhesives, surface coating agents, crosslinkable compositions, and more specifically, mud dispersants.
- Cement material dispersant Cement material dispersant, metal fine particle dispersant, carbon fiber dispersant, carbon black dispersant, cement material thickener, detergent builder, detergent color-transfer inhibitor, heavy metal supplement, scale inhibitor, metal surface treatment Agent, dyeing assistant, dye fixing agent, foam stabilizer, emulsification stabilizer, ink dye dispersant, aqueous ink stabilizer, paint pigment dispersant, paint thickener, pressure sensitive adhesive, paper adhesive, stick glue , Medical adhesives, adhesives for patches, adhesives for cosmetic packs, filler fillers for resins, hydrophilizing agents for resins, coating agents for recording paper, surface treatment agents for inkjet paper, dispersants for photosensitive resins, Antistatic agent, Wetting agent, Binder for fertilizer, Binder for pharmaceutical tablet, Polymer cross-linking agent, Resin compatibilizer, Photographic additive, Cosmetic preparation additive, Hairdressing aid, Hair spray additive, Sunscreen composition additive And other various industrial uses (for example, production of hollow fiber membranes).
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention has the above-described configuration, it can suppress coloration and maintain the color tone even at high temperatures.
- Such a polymer can sufficiently suppress a change in color tone (yellowing), particularly in the vicinity of 200 to 270 ° C.
- part means “part by mass” and “%” means “% by mass”.
- weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of the polymer, the amount of unreacted monomer, the solid content of the polymer composition (polymer aqueous solution), and the ammonium content were measured according to the following methods.
- the ratio of the phosphinic acid (salt) group at the end of the main chain of the polymer to all phosphorus compounds was determined from the integrated intensity ratio of 31 P-NMR. Thereafter, the phosphinic acid (salt) group at the end of the main chain (molecular end) is used with respect to 100% by mass of the total mass of the N-vinyl lactam polymer based on the amount of the N-vinyl lactam monomer and phosphorus compound used. The proportion (% by mass) of the structural unit was calculated. In Examples 2-1 to 2-5, the proportion (mass%) of the structural unit consisting of phosphinic acid (salt) groups in the molecule was also calculated.
- ammonium content in the polymer composition was measured using an ion chromatograph (Nippon Dionex, “Ion Chromatograph System ICS2000”, basic substance measurement column: IonpacCS17, eluent: methanesulfonic acid, flow rate. : 1.4 mL / min), and the ammonia content (also referred to as ammonium content) was calculated as mass ppm relative to the total amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the polymer aqueous solution calculated separately.
- the detection limit of ammonium content is 1 ppm.
- Example 1-1 In a reaction vessel made of SUS304 equipped with a Max Blend (registered trademark of Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.) type, glass lid, 374.5 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, 0.5 part by mass of diethanolamine, hypophosphorous acid Sodium (25 parts by weight) (hereinafter referred to as “SHP”) was charged, and the temperature was raised to 90 ° C. 2,2′-Azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., hereinafter “V-50”) is obtained by adding 500 parts by mass of N-vinylpyrrolidone (hereinafter referred to as “NVP”) over 180 minutes.
- NRP N-vinylpyrrolidone
- Table 1 summarizes the polymerization recipe, and Table 2 summarizes the polymerization results. Further, the ratio (mass%) of the structural unit consisting of a hypophosphite group at the end of the main chain and / or a metal base of hypophosphite with respect to 100 mass% of the total mass of the N-vinyl lactam polymer is 1. It was 4% by mass.
- Examples 1-2 to 1-4 Under the conditions shown in Table 1, polymer compositions (1-2) to (1-4) containing the polymers (1-2) to (1-4), respectively, were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1. . Table 2 summarizes the polymerization results. In the polymers (1-2) to (1-4), from the hypophosphite group at the end of the main chain and / or the metal base of hypophosphite with respect to 100% by mass of the total mass of the N-vinyl lactam polymer. The proportions (mass%) of the structural units were 3.6 mass%, 3.2 mass%, and 4.7 mass%, respectively.
- Comparative Example 1 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux tube was charged with 634.5 parts of ion exchange water and 160 parts of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 0.02 part of diethanolamine was added, and the aqueous monomer solution was adjusted to pH 8.3. It was adjusted. While stirring this monomer aqueous solution, nitrogen gas was introduced to remove dissolved oxygen, and then the reactor was heated so that the internal temperature of the reactor became 70 ° C. while stirring.
- V-59 Polymerization in which 0.35 part of 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., hereinafter referred to as “V-59”) was dissolved in 3.7 parts of isopropanol in this reactor. Initiator solution was added to initiate the polymerization. After the polymerization initiator solution was added, the jacket warm water temperature was raised to the internal temperature from the time when the increase in the internal temperature due to the polymerization reaction was observed, and maintained when the temperature reached 90 ° C.
- V-59 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile)
- Comparative Example 2 A reaction vessel was charged with 93.8 parts of water and 0.0046 parts of 0.1% copper (II) sulfate, and the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. Next, while maintaining the temperature at 60 ° C., an aqueous monomer solution obtained by mixing 100 parts of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 0.6 part of 25% aqueous ammonia and 3.4 parts of 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide were separately added. It was added dropwise over 180 minutes. After completion of the dropwise addition, 0.2 part of 25% aqueous ammonia was added. Four hours after the start of the reaction, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., and 0.5 part of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution was added.
- Comparative Example 3 A reaction vessel was charged with 1.0 part of 0.025% copper (II) sulfate and 371.0 parts of ion-exchanged water, and nitrogen deaeration (bubbling at 100 ml / min for 30 minutes) was performed. Subsequently, it heated up to 80 degreeC, performing a nitrogen flow to a gaseous-phase part with the flow rate of 30 ml / min.
- a monomer solution obtained by mixing 500.0 parts of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 0.6 parts of 25% aqueous ammonia, 1.4 parts of diethanolamine, and 63.6 parts of ion-exchanged water while maintaining 80 ° C. and nitrogen flow.
- VA-044 represents 2,2′-azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- V-501 represents 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Aq means an aqueous solution.
- “Monomer (solution)”, “Initiator solution”, “Booster (1)”, and “Booster (2)” in Table 1 were added after mixing the components constituting each.
- the addition time (minutes) in the booster column indicates how many minutes after the batch addition of the booster aqueous solution was performed.
- 210, 240” in the “Booster (2) addition time” column of Examples 1-1 to 1-4 indicates that after the entire amount of booster (2) has been charged all at once after 210 minutes, and further after 240 minutes. It means that the whole amount of booster (2) has been charged at once.
- the initiator solution dissolved in each part was continuously added dropwise over 1 hour. Further, while continuing stirring with heating for 1 hour, an initiator solution in which 0.06 part of NC-25 and 0.06 part of ethanolamine were dissolved in 1 part of ion-exchanged water was added in two portions, and the polymer was added. A solution was obtained. The obtained polymer solution was evaluated for color tone under high temperature conditions according to the color tone evaluation test described above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention exhibits coloring resistance (good color tone) under high temperature conditions as compared with conventional N-vinyl lactam polymers. It was.
- Example 2-1 A SUS reaction vessel equipped with a Max blend (registered trademark of Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.) type stirring blade and a glass lid was charged with 78.2 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water and 0.000125 parts by mass of CuSO 4. The temperature was raised to ⁇ 98 ° C. A monomer aqueous solution consisting of 250 parts by mass of N-vinylpyrrolidone (hereinafter referred to as “NVP”), 0.25 parts by mass of diethanolamine (hereinafter referred to as “DEA”), and 37.5 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water for 180 minutes.
- NDP N-vinylpyrrolidone
- DEA diethanolamine
- an aqueous solution of a polymerization initiator consisting of 0.72 parts by mass of a 69% by mass tertiary butyl hydroperoxide aqueous solution (manufactured by NOF Corporation, hereinafter referred to as “69% TBHP”) and 100 parts of ion-exchanged water
- a reducing agent aqueous solution consisting of 5 parts by mass of a 15% by mass sodium hypophosphite aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as “15% SHP”) and 28.3 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added to the reaction vessel over 165 minutes.
- a booster aqueous solution comprising 0.5 parts by mass of 2,2′-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., hereinafter referred to as “V-50”) and 4.5 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water.
- V-50 2,2′-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride
- Examples 2-2 to 2-5 Under the conditions shown in Tables 3 and 4, as in Example 2-1, polymer compositions (2-2) to (2-5) containing the polymers (2-2) to (2-5), respectively. Obtained.
- Example 2-1 to 2-5 The polymer compositions obtained in each Example and Comparative Example were evaluated for color tone under high temperature conditions in the same procedure as Example 1-1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
- V-59 represents 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- IPA represents isopropanol.
- Aq means an aqueous solution.
- the dropping time (minutes) in the booster column indicates how many minutes after the batch injection of the booster aqueous solution was performed.
- “210, 240” in the booster (2) column at the dropping time of Examples 2-1 to 2-5 indicates that the booster (2) is added all at once after 210 minutes, and further after 240 minutes. This means that the entire amount of (2) has been added all at once.
- the N-vinyl lactam polymer of the present invention has a conventional N-vinyl lactam type. It was revealed that coloring resistance (good color tone) was exhibited under high temperature conditions as compared with the polymer.
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Abstract
Description
本発明はまた、上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体を含む組成物であって、該N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物は、アンモニア及びアンモニウム塩の合計(アンモニウム換算)が、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物100質量%に対し、0~0.1質量%であるN-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物でもある。
本発明は更に、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体を製造する方法であって、該製造方法は、水溶性アゾ系重合開始剤及び/又は水溶性有機過酸化物と、次亜リン酸及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩との存在下、水性溶媒中で、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体を含有する単量体成分を重合する工程を含むN-ビニルラクタム系重合体の製造方法でもある。
以下に本発明を詳述する。なお、以下に記載される本発明の個々の好ましい形態を2つ以上組み合わせた形態も本発明の好ましい形態である。
-N-ビニルラクタム系単量体に由来する構造単位-
本発明のN-ビニルラクタム系重合体は、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体に由来する構造単位を有する重合体である。
上記N-ビニルラクタム系単量体に由来する構造単位とは、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体がラジカル重合して形成される構造単位をいい、具体的には、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体の重合性炭素炭素二重結合が炭素炭素単結合になった構造単位をいう。
なお、上記N-ビニルラクタム系単量体は、1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。
上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体はまた、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体以外の単量体(他の単量体とも称す)に由来する構造単位を含んでいてもよい。他の単量体に由来する構造単位とは、他の単量体がラジカル重合して形成される構造単位を意味する。なお、他の単量体は、1種でもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
ここで、塩としては、例えば、金属塩、アンモニウム塩、有機アミン塩が挙げられ、金属塩としては、例えば、リチウム塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩;カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩;遷移金属塩;等が例示されるが、アルカリ金属塩が好ましい。また、加熱時の臭気や着色(黄変)をより充分に抑制する観点から、アンモニウム塩をなるべく用いないことが好ましい。
なお、本明細書中、(メタ)アクリル酸とはメタクリル酸又はアクリル酸を、(メタ)アリルスルホン酸とはメタリルスルホン酸又はアリルスルホン酸を、(メタ)アクリルアミドとはメタクリルアミド又はアクリルアミドを、(メタ)アクリレートとはメタクリレート又はアクリレートを、それぞれ意味する。
なお、他の単量体に由来する構造単位が、カルボキシル基の塩やスルホン酸基の塩等の酸基の塩を有する場合には、対応する酸に由来する構造単位として全単量体由来の構造単位に対する質量割合(質量%)を計算する(酸換算)。例えば、アクリル酸ナトリウムに由来する構造単位である場合、対応する酸であるアクリル酸に由来する構造単位として質量%を計算する。また、他の単量体に由来する構造単位がアミノ基の塩を有する場合にも、同様に、対応するアミンに由来する構造単位として全単量体由来の構造単位に対する質量割合(質量%)を計算する(アミン換算)。
上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体は、主鎖末端に、次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位を有する。すなわち、当該重合体分子の主鎖末端に、次亜リン酸基及び次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の基からなる構造単位を有する。主鎖末端に、当該構造単位を有することにより、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体を加熱したときの着色(黄変)を低く抑えることが可能になる。
ここで、主鎖末端の次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位とは、ホスフィン酸基(-PH(=O)(OH)で表される)、及び、ホスフィン酸の金属塩基(例えば、ホスフィン酸ナトリウムの場合、-PH(=O)(ONa)で表される)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の構造単位である。上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体として好ましくは、主鎖末端に次亜リン酸の金属塩基を有する形態である。
なお、主鎖末端の次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位は、重合体の主鎖末端に、次亜リン酸(塩)基を形成した後に、酸又は塩基の追加により、所望の酸又は金属塩に変換することも可能である。同様に、イオン交換樹脂等で処理することにより変換することも可能である。
なお、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体の全質量に対する、主鎖末端のリンを含む構造単位の質量%を計算する場合も、上述した場合に該当するときには、酸換算、アミン換算で計算するものとする。
なお、上記還元剤として、次亜リン酸(塩)のように2度以上還元剤として寄与する化合物を使用する場合、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体の分子末端以外にリンを含む構造単位が形成される場合があり得る(例えば、ホスフィン酸ナトリウム基は、分子末端以外にも-P(=O)(ONa)-として分子内に取り込まれ得る。)。この場合であっても、31PNMR等により分子末端のリンを含む構造単位を測定することは可能である。
上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体はまた、単量体に由来する構造単位、並びに、次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位に加えて、その他の構造単位を有していてもよい。その他の構造単位としては、例えば、重合開始剤に由来する構造単位や、次亜リン酸(塩)以外の還元剤に由来する構造単位等が挙げられる。すなわち、単量体や次亜リン酸(塩)以外の原料に由来する構造単位等が挙げられる。
このような、その他の構造単位の含有割合は、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体の全質量100質量%に対し、0.1質量%以上、10質量%以下であることが好適である。
上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体は、フィケンチャー法によるK値が3以上、100以下であることが好ましい。K値としてより好ましくは4~60、更に好ましくは5~40、特に好ましくは5~35である。
また、分散対象を分散させた分散液の粘度を低く抑えることができる傾向がある観点からは、K値は15未満が好ましい。K値としてより好ましくは14以下、更に好ましくは14未満、特に好ましくは13.5以下、最も好ましくは13.5未満である。
なお、上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体のK値が5以上、15未満である形態は、本発明の好適な形態の1つである。K値の下限として更に好ましくは7以上であり、特に好ましくは8以上であり、最も好ましくは9以上である。
K値が20未満である場合には5%(g/100ml)溶液の粘度を測定し、K値が20以上の場合は1%(g/100ml)溶液の粘度を測定する。
試料濃度は乾燥物換算する。
K値が20以上の場合、試料は1.0gを精密に計りとり、100mlのメスフラスコに入れ、室温で蒸留水を加え、振とうしながら完全に溶かして蒸留水を加えて正確に100mlとする。この試料溶液を恒温槽(25±0.2℃)で30分放置後、ウベローデ型粘度計を用いて測定する。溶液が2つの印線の間を流れる時間(溶液の流動時間)を測定する。数回測定し、平均値をとる。相対粘度を測定するために、蒸留水についても同様に測定する(水の流動時間)。2つの得られた流動時間をハーゲンバッハ-キュッテ(Hagenbach-Couette)の補正に基づいて補正する。なお、K値が20未満の場合は、試料の質量を5.0gとすること以外は、上記と同様にして、溶液の流動時間を求める。
このようにして測定された溶液及び水の流動時間から、下記式により、K値を算出する。
相対粘度ηrelは、次式により得られる。
ηrel=(溶液の流動時間)÷(水の流動時間)
黄色度(YI)及びハンターLab色空間におけるb値については、後述する測定方法により求めることができる。
本発明のN-ビニルラクタム系重合体は、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体を含む単量体成分(単量体組成物とも称す)を重合することにより製造することができるが、その他の製法として、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体に由来する構造単位を含まない重合体を製造した後に修飾して、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体に由来する構造単位を形成しても構わない。上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体の製造方法として好ましくは、重合開始剤の存在下で、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体を含有する単量体成分を重合する工程を含む製造方法である。
なお、全単量体成分(100質量%)に対する他の単量体等の含有割合を計算する際、他の単量体が、カルボキシル基の塩やスルホン酸基の塩等の酸基の塩を有する場合は、当該酸基の塩を、対応する酸基として計算する(酸換算)。また、他の単量体がアミノ基の塩を有する場合には、当該アミノ基の塩を、対応するアミノ基として計算する(アミン換算)。
上記重合開始剤としては特に限定されないが、例えば、水溶性アゾ系重合開始剤や水溶性有機過酸化物を用いることが好ましい。すなわち、水溶性アゾ系重合開始剤及び/又は水溶性有機過酸化物の存在下で、上記重合工程を行うことが好適である。
ここで、「水溶性」とは、20℃において、水100質量部に対し、1質量部以上溶解する性質をいう。また、アゾ系重合開始剤とは、アゾ結合を有し熱等によりラジカルを発生する化合物を意味し、1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。水溶性有機過酸化物もまた、1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。
ここでいう重合開始剤の使用量には、水溶性アゾ系重合開始剤及び水溶性有機過酸化物の使用量も含む。
なお、本発明において「重合中」とは、重合開始時点以降、重合終了時点以前を表す。
また、「重合開始時点」とは、重合装置に単量体成分の少なくとも一部及び開始剤の少なくとも一部の両方が添加された時点を指し、「重合終了時点」とは、単量体の全量の重合装置への添加が終了した時点を指す。
上記重合工程はまた、還元剤の存在下で行うことが好適である。還元剤の存在下で重合することにより、低分子量のN-ビニルラクタム系重合体を効率よく製造できる。
上記還元剤は、単独で使用されてもよいし、2種以上の混合物の形態で使用されてもよい。このような還元剤として具体的には、例えば、メルカプトエタノール、チオグリセロール、チオグリコール酸、2-メルカプトプロピオン酸、3-メルカプトプロピオン酸、チオリンゴ酸、チオグリコール酸オクチル、3-メルカプトプロピオン酸オクチル、2-メルカプトエタンスルホン酸、n-ドデシルメルカプタン、オクチルメルカプタン、ブチルチオグリコレート等のチオール化合物;四塩化炭素、塩化メチレン、ブロモホルム、ブロモトリクロロエタン等のハロゲン化物;イソプロパノール、グリセリン等の第2級アルコール;亜リン酸、亜リン酸塩、次亜リン酸、次亜リン酸塩及びこれらの水和物等のリンを含む化合物;亜硫酸、亜硫酸水素、亜二チオン酸、メタ重亜硫酸及びその塩等の重亜硫酸塩(水に溶解して重亜硫酸塩を発生する化合物を含む)等の低級酸化物及びその塩等が挙げられる。
上記塩としては、例えば、金属塩、アンモニウム塩、有機アミン塩が挙げられ、好ましくは、金属塩である。金属塩としては、例えば、リチウム塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩等のアルカリ金属塩;カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ土類金属塩;遷移金属塩;等が例示されるが、アルカリ金属塩が好ましい。また、加熱時の臭気や着色(黄変)をより充分に抑制する観点から、アンモニウム塩をなるべく用いないことが好ましい。
なお、上述したとおり、還元剤として次亜リン酸(塩)を使用して重合を行った後に、酸又は塩基の追加により、重合体分子の主鎖末端に、次亜リン酸及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位を形成してもよい。また、還元剤として次亜リン酸(塩)を使用して重合を行った後に、イオン交換樹脂等による処理により、重合体分子の主鎖末端に、次亜リン酸及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位を形成してもよい。
上記還元剤はまた、重合中に反応系(重合釜)へ実質的に連続的に添加する量が、還元剤の全使用量100質量%に対して50質量%以上であることが好ましい。より好ましくは80質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは95質量%以上である。還元剤を連続的に添加する場合、その滴下速度は変えてもよい。
上記重合工程では、重合開始剤の分解触媒等として作用する還元性化合物として、重金属イオン(又は重金属塩)を使用してもよい。重金属とは、比重が4g/cm3以上の金属を意味する。
上記重金属の中でも鉄が好ましく、上記還元性化合物として、モール塩(Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2・6H2O)、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物、塩化第一鉄、塩化第二鉄、硫酸銅(I)及び/又はその水和物、硫酸銅(II)及び/又はその水和物、塩化銅(II)及び/又はその水和物等の重金属塩等を用いることが好ましい。
上記重金属イオンを使用する場合、その使用量は、重合反応完結時における重合反応液の全質量に対して、0.01~10ppmであることが好ましい。重金属イオンの含有量が0.01ppm未満であると、重金属イオンによる効果が充分に発現しないおそれがある。一方、重金属イオンの含有量が10ppmを超えると、得られる重合体の色調がより良好なものとはならないおそれがある。
上記アンモニア及び/又はアミン化合物は、重合反応において、助触媒として機能し得る。すなわち、アンモニア及び/又はアミン化合物が反応系に含まれると、含まれない場合と比較して、重合反応の進行がより一層促進され得る。また、上記アンモニア及び/又はアミン化合物は、重合反応の反応系において、塩基性pH調節剤としても機能し得る。
上記アミン化合物としては、任意の適切なアミン化合物を採用し得る。具体的には、第1級アミン、第2級アミン、第3級アミンが挙げられる。アミン化合物は、1種のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、上記重金属塩として銅塩を用い、更に上記アンモニアを用いる場合、銅のアンミン錯塩が形成し得る。銅のアンミン錯塩としては、例えば、ジアンミン銅塩([Cu(NH3)2]2SO4・H2O、[Cu(NH3)2]Cl等)、テトラアンミン銅塩([Cu(NH3)4]SO4・H2O、[Cu(NH3)4]Cl2等)が挙げられる。
上記重合工程は、水性溶媒中で行われることが好適である。
上記水性溶媒とは、水、又は、水を含む混合溶媒を意味する。水を含む混合溶媒としては、全溶媒100質量%に対し、50質量%以上が水である混合溶媒であることが好ましく、80質量%以上が水であることがより好ましい。上記水性溶媒として特に好ましくは、水のみを使用することである。水のみを使用する場合には、有機溶剤の残存が回避できる点で好適である。
なお、重合の際、水とともに使用できる溶剤としては、例えば、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類;グリセリン;ポリエチレングリコール;ジメチルホルムアルデヒド等のアミド類;ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン等のエーテル類等が好適であり、1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。
上記重合工程の重合条件に関し、重合の際の温度は、好ましくは70℃以上である。重合時の温度がこの範囲にあれば、残存単量体成分が少なくなり、重合体の分散性が向上する傾向にある。より好ましくは75~110℃、更に好ましくは80~105℃である。
なお、重合時の温度は、重合反応の進行中において、常に一定に保持する必要はなく、例えば、室温から重合を開始し、適当な昇温時間又は昇温速度で設定温度まで昇温し、その後、設定温度を保持するようにしてもよいし、また、単量体成分や開始剤等の滴下方法に応じて、重合反応の進行中に経時的に重合温度を変動(昇温又は降温)させてもよい。
また上記重合工程では、単量体の添加終了時間よりも、開始剤の滴下終了時間を遅らすことが、重合液に残存する単量体を低減することができることから好ましい。より好ましくは1~120分遅らせることであり、5~60分遅らせることが更に好ましい。
また反応系内の雰囲気は、空気雰囲気でもよいが、不活性雰囲気とするのが好ましく、例えば、重合開始前に系内を窒素等の不活性ガスで置換することが好ましい。
本発明の製造方法は、上記重合工程を含むが、必要に応じて、精製工程、脱塩工程、濃縮工程、希釈工程、乾燥工程等を含んでいてもよい。
上記乾燥工程は、粉体化等を行う工程であり、一般的方法で行えばよい。例えば、噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥、流動床乾燥、ドラム乾燥、ベルト式乾燥等により、粉末に移行させることができる。
上記重合反応中における陽イオン交換樹脂による処理は、任意の適切な方法で処理し得る。好ましくは、上記単量体成分の重合反応が行われている反応容器中へ、陽イオン交換樹脂を添加することにより行うことができる。具体的には、例えば、重合反応が行われている反応容器中へ陽イオン交換樹脂を添加して微細に懸濁させ、その後に濾過する形態が挙げられる。
上記陽イオン交換樹脂による処理の時間は、任意の適切な時間を採用し得る。好ましくは1分~24時間である。処理時間が短すぎると本発明の効果が充分に発現できないおそれがあり、また、処理時間が長すぎると生産性がより向上されないおそれがある。より好ましくは3分~12時間であり、更に好ましくは5分~2時間である。
本発明のN-ビニルラクタム系重合体や、上述した本発明の製造方法により得られるN-ビニルラクタム系重合体はまた、他の成分(例えば、単量体や重合時の副生成物、開始剤や還元剤等の残渣、溶媒等)とともに存在することがある。このような、上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体を含むN-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物もまた、本発明の好適な形態の1つである。
なお、上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物として好ましくは、該N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物中のアンモニア及びアンモニウム塩の合計(アンモニウム換算)が、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物100質量%に対し、0~0.1質量%である形態である。これにより、臭気及び着色(黄変)がより軽減できる。より好ましくは0~0.01質量%であり、更に好ましくは、実質的にアンモニア及びアンモニウム塩を含まないことである。
また上記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物が固体である場合の好ましい形態としては、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体を95~100質量%、その他の成分(水や残存N-ビニルラクタム等)を0~5質量%含む形態が挙げられる。
本発明のN-ビニルラクタム系重合体や、上述した本発明の製造方法により得られるN-ビニルラクタム系重合体は、任意の適切な用途に用いることができる。その用途の一例を挙げれば、各種無機物や有機物の分散剤、凝集剤、増粘剤、粘着剤、接着剤、表面コーティング剤、架橋性組成物等であり、より具体的には、泥土分散剤、セメント材料分散剤、金属微粒子分散剤、炭素繊維分散剤、カーボンブラック分散剤、セメント材料用増粘剤、洗剤用ビルダー、洗剤用色移り防止剤、重金属補足剤、スケール防止剤、金属表面処理剤、染色助剤、染料定着剤、泡安定剤、乳化安定剤、インク染料分散剤、水性インク安定剤、塗料用顔料分散剤、塗料用シックナー、感圧接着剤、紙用接着剤、スティック糊、医療用接着剤、貼付剤用粘着剤、化粧パック用粘着剤、樹脂用フィラー分散剤、樹脂用親水化剤、記録紙用コーティング剤、インクジェット紙用表面処理剤、感光性樹脂用分散剤、帯電防止剤、保湿剤、肥料用バインダー、医薬錠剤用バインダー、高分子架橋剤、樹脂相溶化剤、写真薬添加剤、化粧用調剤添加剤、整髪料助剤、ヘアスプレー添加剤、サンスクリーン組成物用添加剤等の他、種々の工業用途(例えば、中空糸膜の製造)に用いられる。
なお、重合体の重量平均分子量及び数平均分子量、未反応の単量体の定量、重合体組成物(重合体水溶液)の固形分量、アンモニウム含有量は、下記の方法に従って測定した。
窒素雰囲気下、150℃に加熱したオーブンで重合体組成物(重合体水溶液)2.0gを1時間放置して乾燥処理した。乾燥前後の重量変化から、固形分(%)と、揮発成分(%)を算出した。
単量体の分析は、以下の条件で、液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて分析した。
装置:資生堂社製「NANOSPACESI-2」
カラム:資生堂社製「CAPCELLPAK C18 UG120」、20℃
溶離液:LC用メタノール(和光純薬工業社製)/超純水=1/24(質量比)、1-ヘプタンスルホン酸0.4質量%添加
流速:100μL/min
上記のK値の測定法により測定した。
次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位の定量は、31P-NMRの測定により行った。
31P-NMRの測定条件:
測定する重合体を室温で減圧乾燥し、得られた固形分を重水(アルドリッチ社製)に10質量%となるように溶解し、Varian社製UnityPlus-400(400MHz、パルスシーケンス:s2pu1、測定間隔:10.000秒、パルス:45.0度、捕捉時間:0.800秒、積算回数:128回)にて測定した。
なお、31P-NMRの積分強度比から、重合体の主鎖末端のホスフィン酸(塩)基の、全てのリン化合物に対する割合を定量した。その後、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体とリン化合物との使用量から、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体の全質量100質量%に対する、主鎖末端(分子末端)のホスフィン酸(塩)基からなる構造単位の割合(質量%)を算出した。また、実施例2-1~2-5においては、分子中のホスフィン酸(塩)基からなる構造単位の割合(質量%)も算出した。
重合体組成物(重合体水溶液)中のアンモニウム含有量を、イオンクロマトグラフ(日本ダイオネクス社製、「イオンクロマトグラフシステムICS2000」、塩基性物質測定用カラム:IonpacCS17、溶離液:メタンスルホン酸、流量:1.4mL/min)を用いて定量し、別途算出した重合体水溶液中のポリビニルピロリドンの全量に対する質量ppmとしてアンモニア含有量(アンモニウム含有量とも称す)を算出した。
なお、アンモニウム含有量の検出限界は1ppmである。
マックスブレンド(住友重機械工業社の登録商標)型の攪拌翼、ガラス製の蓋を備えたSUS304製反応容器に、イオン交換水374.5質量部、ジエタノールアミン0.5質量部、次亜リン酸ナトリウム(以下「SHP」と称する)25質量部を仕込み、90℃に昇温した。N-ビニルピロリドン(以下、「NVP」と称する)500質量部を180分かけて、2,2’-アゾビス-2-アミジノプロパン二塩酸塩(和光純薬工業社製、以下「V-50」と称する)10質量部とイオン交換水90質量部からなる開始剤水溶液を210分かけて、反応容器に添加した。更に「V-50」0.5質量部とイオン交換水4.5質量部からなるブースター水溶液を、それぞれ重合開始から210分後、240分後に一括で添加した。更にpH調整剤として、10質量%マロン酸水溶液8.0質量部を、重合開始から210分後に添加することにより、重合体(1-1)を含む固形分53.6質量%の重合体組成物(1-1)を得た。表1に重合処方を、表2に重合結果をまとめた。
また、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体の全質量100質量%に対する、主鎖末端の次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位の割合(質量%)は、1.4質量%であった。
表1に示す条件で、実施例1-1と同様に、重合体(1-2)~(1-4)を各々含む重合体組成物(1-2)~(1-4)を得た。表2に重合結果をまとめた。
重合体(1-2)~(1-4)において、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体の全質量100質量%に対する、主鎖末端の次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位の割合(質量%)は、それぞれ3.6質量%、3.2質量%、4.7質量%であった。
攪拌機、温度計、還流管を備えた反応器に、イオン交換水634.5部及びN-ビニルピロリドン160部を仕込み、ジエタノールアミン0.02部を添加して、単量体水溶液をpH8.3に調整した。この単量体水溶液を攪拌しながら、窒素ガスを導入して溶存酸素を除去した後、攪拌しながら、反応器の内温が70℃になるように加熱した。
この反応器に、2,2’-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル)(和光純薬工業社製、以下「V-59」と称する)0.35部をイソプロパノール3.7部に溶解した重合開始剤溶液を添加して重合を開始した。
重合開始剤溶液を添加した後、重合反応による内温の上昇が認められた時点から、ジャケット温水温度を内温に合わせて昇温し、90℃に到達した時点で維持した。
重合開始剤溶液を添加してから約3時間反応を継続した後、10質量%マロン酸水溶液1.4部とイオン交換水0.5部とを混合した溶液を添加して、反応液をpH3.7に調整し、90℃で90分間内温を維持した。
次いで、ジエタノールアミン0.2部をイオン交換水2.3部に溶解したアルカリ水溶液を添加して、反応液をpH6.6に調整し、90℃で30分間内温を維持して、20wt%のポリビニルピロリドンを含有する比較重合体(1)を含む比較重合体組成物(1)を得た。表1に重合処方を、表2に重合結果をまとめた。
反応容器に水93.8部と0.1%硫酸銅(II)0.0046部とを仕込み、これを60℃まで昇温した。
次いで、60℃を維持しながら、N-ビニルピロリドン100部と25%アンモニア水0.6部とを混合した単量体水溶液、及び、35%過酸化水素水溶液3.4部を、夫々別々に180分間かけて滴下した。
滴下終了後、25%アンモニア水0.2部を添加した。反応開始から4時間後、80℃に昇温し、35%過酸化水素水0.5部を添加した。次いで、反応開始から5.5時間後、35%過酸化水素水0.5部を添加し、更に80℃で1時間保持して50%のポリビニルピロリドンを含有する比較重合体(2)を含む比較重合体組成物(2)を得た。表1に重合処方を、表2に重合結果をまとめた。
0.025%硫酸銅(II)1.0部と、イオン交換水371.0部とを反応容器に仕込み、窒素脱気(100ml/minで30分バブリング)を行った。
次いで、30ml/minの流速で気相部に窒素フローを行いながら80℃まで昇温した。
80℃及び窒素フローを維持しながら、N-ビニルピロリドン500.0部、25%アンモニア水0.6部、ジエタノールアミン1.4部、及び、イオン交換水63.6部を混合した単量体溶液と、35%過酸化水素12.5部及びイオン交換水31.9部を混合した開始剤溶液とを、各々それぞれ180分間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、35%過酸化水素1.0部を6回に均等に分けて1時間間隔で添加し、6回目の添加後、更に80℃で1時間保持して、50%のポリビニルピロリドンを含有する比較重合体(3)を含む比較重合体組成物(3)を得た。表1に重合処方を、表2に重合結果をまとめた。
表1中の「単量体(溶液)」、「開始剤溶液」、「ブースター(1)」、「ブースター(2)」は、それぞれを組成する成分を混合してから添加した。
またブースター欄の添加時間(分)は、ブースター水溶液の一括投入を何分後に行ったのかを示している。例えば、実施例1-1~1-4の「ブースター(2)添加時間」欄の「210、240」は、210分後にブースター(2)の全量を一括投入した後、更に、240分後にもブースター(2)の全量を一括投入したことを意味する。
各実施例及び比較例で得た各重合体組成物について、以下の手順で高温条件下での色調の評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
各重合体組成物を、減圧乾燥機で12時間乾燥した。乾燥後の各組成物を、窒素雰囲気下260℃で60分間加熱後、空気中にて放冷した。デシケーター中で、空冷し、室温に戻ったサンプルを、以下の条件で色差計を用い、L、a、bを測定した。
装置:日本電色工業社製「色差計SE-2000」
方法:加熱前後のサンプルを石英セルに敷き、遮光下「反射モード」にて測定する。
得られたL、a、bから、下記式により、黄色度(YI)を算出した。
冷却管、窒素導入ライン、温度計を設置した重合容器に、イオン交換水78部を加え、窒素を導入して窒素雰囲気下とした。重合容器を加熱し内温を98℃とした後、攪拌しながら、N-ビニルピロリドン46.8部、30%次亜リン酸5.46部、25%アンモニア水溶液2.11部及びイオン交換水1.2部からなるモノマー溶液と4,4’-アゾビス-4-シアノ吉草酸(日宝化学社製NC-25)0.94部、トリエタノールアミン0.98部をイオン交換水22.6部に溶解させた開始剤溶液をそれぞれ連続的に1時間かけて滴下した。更に、加熱攪拌を1時間続ける間に、0.06部のNC-25、0.06部のエタノールアミンをイオン交換水1部に溶解させた開始剤溶液を2回に分けて投入してポリマー溶液を得た。得られたポリマー溶液について、上述した色調評価試験に従って、高温条件下での色調の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
マックスブレンド(住友重機械工業社の登録商標)型の攪拌翼、ガラス製の蓋を備えたSUS製反応容器に、イオン交換水78.2質量部、CuSO40.000125質量部を仕込み、95~98℃に昇温した。N-ビニルピロリドン(以下、「NVP」と称する)250質量部、ジエタノールアミン(以下、「DEA」と称する)0.25質量部、イオン交換水37.5質量部からなる単量体水溶液を180分かけて、69質量%ターシャリーブチルヒドロペルオキシド水溶液(日油社製、以下「69%TBHP」と称する)0.72質量部、イオン交換水100部からなる重合開始剤水溶液を210分かけて、15質量%次亜リン酸ナトリウム水溶液(以下、「15%SHP」と称する)5質量部、イオン交換水28.3質量部からなる還元剤水溶液を165分かけて、反応容器に添加した。更に2,2’-アゾビス-2-アミジノプロパン二塩酸塩(和光純薬工業社製、以下「V-50」と称する)0.5質量部、イオン交換水4.5質量部からなるブースター水溶液をそれぞれ重合開始から210分後、240分後に一括で添加することにより、重合体(2-1)を含む重合体組成物(2-1)を得た。
表3及び4に示す条件で、実施例2-1と同様に、重合体(2-2)~(2-5)を各々含む重合体組成物(2-2)~(2-5)を得た。
各実施例及び比較例で得た重合体組成物について、実施例1-1と同様の手順で、高温条件下での色調の評価を行った。評価結果を表4に示す。
Claims (4)
- N-ビニルラクタム系単量体に由来する構造単位を有する重合体であって、
該N-ビニルラクタム系重合体は、主鎖末端に、次亜リン酸基及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩基からなる構造単位を有することを特徴とするN-ビニルラクタム系重合体。 - 前記N-ビニルラクタム系重合体は、K値が5以上、15未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のN-ビニルラクタム系重合体。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のN-ビニルラクタム系重合体を含む組成物であって、
該N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物は、アンモニア及びアンモニウム塩の合計(アンモニウム換算)が、N-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物100質量%に対し、0~0.1質量%であることを特徴とするN-ビニルラクタム系重合体組成物。 - N-ビニルラクタム系重合体を製造する方法であって、
該製造方法は、水溶性アゾ系重合開始剤及び/又は水溶性有機過酸化物と、次亜リン酸及び/又は次亜リン酸の金属塩との存在下、水性溶媒中で、N-ビニルラクタム系単量体を含有する単量体成分を重合する工程を含むことを特徴とするN-ビニルラクタム系重合体の製造方法。
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JP2013226526A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 地熱水用添加剤 |
JP2016069440A (ja) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-05-09 | 株式会社日本触媒 | N−ビニルラクタム系重合体の製造方法およびn−ビニルラクタム系重合体の製造装置 |
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CN103108893A (zh) | 2013-05-15 |
CN107739420B (zh) | 2021-01-12 |
EP2617742B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
JPWO2012036256A1 (ja) | 2014-02-03 |
JP5577407B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
EP2617742A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
US9212237B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
EP2617742A4 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
CN107739420A (zh) | 2018-02-27 |
US20130184424A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
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