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WO2011120702A1 - Cellule électrolytique, installation et procédé de production d'une solution activée électrochimiquement par électrolyse - Google Patents

Cellule électrolytique, installation et procédé de production d'une solution activée électrochimiquement par électrolyse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120702A1
WO2011120702A1 PCT/EP2011/001636 EP2011001636W WO2011120702A1 WO 2011120702 A1 WO2011120702 A1 WO 2011120702A1 EP 2011001636 W EP2011001636 W EP 2011001636W WO 2011120702 A1 WO2011120702 A1 WO 2011120702A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anode
electrolysis
cell
surface coating
coating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/001636
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Georg Mathé
Original Assignee
Aseca Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP10003555A external-priority patent/EP2374762B1/fr
Priority claimed from EP10014854A external-priority patent/EP2455344A1/fr
Application filed by Aseca Ag filed Critical Aseca Ag
Priority to CN201180027151.0A priority Critical patent/CN102947228A/zh
Publication of WO2011120702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011120702A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4611—Fluid flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrolytic cell, in particular for the production of an electrochemically activated saline solution, with an anode space provided with an anode and with a cathode space separated therefrom by a membrane and provided with a cathode. It further relates to a plant for producing an electrochemically activated solution with an electrolysis model comprising a plurality of such electrolysis cells and to a process for producing an electrochemically activated solution by electrolysis of brine using such a plant.
  • Electrolysis devices or systems for producing an electrochemically activated solution by electrolysis of brine-containing water are from a variety of documents, for example from DE 30 003 131 A1, from US 4,056,452 , EP 1 728 768 A1 or from the non-prepublished European Patent Application No. 10 003 555.9-2104.
  • In such gen plants is supplied to generate the electrochemically activated salt solution by electrolysis acted upon with a saline solution or brine Wassenstrom the electrolyzer and electrolytically decomposed there.
  • an electrochemically activated aqueous salt solution is obtained, which has a comparatively high content of free chlorine and a comparatively high redox potential.
  • the available electrochemically activated salt solution is particularly useful as a disinfectant, for example for the sterilization of water and / or aqueous solutions usable.
  • electrochemically activated salt solutions of the type mentioned by electrolysis there is thus generally the desire to ensure a particularly high bactericidal or antibacterial effect, characterized by a high content of free chlorine, at high storage stability
  • the pH value should allow a good compatibility with other substances or active substances or even be kept adjustable in the manner of a free parameter independent of the other mentioned parameters.
  • the known concepts for the preparation of the electrochemically activated salt solution are, however, only of limited use.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an electrolytic cell of the type mentioned above, with the most favorable manner an electro-chemically activated salt solution can be produced, which meets the above requirements in a particularly extensive extent. Furthermore, should one for these inputs> record purpose particularly suitable plant with a plurality of such electrolysis'zellen and a method for generating an electrochemically activated Lö h Sueng be specified by electrolysis having the aforementioned properties.
  • the electrolysis cell this object is achieved according to the invention in that the anode has on its surface a coating comprising ruthenium oxide, in particular RuO 2 and / or RuO 4, and iridium oxide, in particular IrO 2 and / or IrO 3.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the electrolysis cell of the type mentioned above for the preparation of an electrochemically activated Salzlö- solution can be provided with particularly high bacteriocidal or antibacterial effect by their entirety in particular to a particularly efficient and effective Enrichment of the active chlorine content in the saline solution is designed in the manner of a primary design target.
  • the active chlorine content in the prepared salt solution acts as an oxygen-releasing compound in contact with other materials;
  • the active chlorine content can thus be regarded as a measure of the activity and effectiveness of the prepared salt solution with regard to the oxygen splitting in other materials.
  • the statements related to the active chlorine content are therefore analogous and possibly transferable to other oxygen-releasing compounds by adaptation of material-specific information.
  • the enrichment of the salt solution with chlorine takes place due to design and with regard to the lonenwande-tion through the anode chamber on the one hand and the cathode compartment on the other hand, the electrolysis cell from each other separating membrane in the anode compartment, so that this particular for a targeted and effective provision of chlorine out should be designed.
  • relatively long-lasting stent substance-facilitating Venitatisformen or facilitated should therefore targeted in the anode compartment a corresponding implementation of the incoming Cl ions supported.
  • Transformation process is intervened. Due to the electrochemical Conversion processes has proven to be the anode itself and its surface as a particularly suitable place for the provision of a suitable catalytically active substance.
  • the anode should therefore be provided on its surface with a suitable coating, which is specifically aligned in terms of their composition to promote the transformation processes in the formation of chlorine-containing compounds or possibly other oxygen-releasing compounds in the electrochemically activated salt solution in the anode compartment.
  • the constituents ruthenium oxide and / or iridium oxide in the surface coating for the anode are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • the surface coating of the anode can be applied by conventional coating methods.
  • the surface coating is obtained in a particularly advantageous embodiment by coating a carrier body intended for the formation of the anode with a paste containing the metal components and then removing and oxidizing.
  • the carrier body with the metal components containing the paste in several successive processing steps each thinly coated the paste is subsequently exposed to burn out and oxidize the metal components a thermal treatment process, preferably under oxygen supply or excess oxygen.
  • These partial steps, ie painting with the paste and the subsequent burning out and oxidation can be repeatedly used in several cycles, so that the surface coating is successively built up.
  • the paste may particularly preferably be provided in the form of a metal-containing solution or the like, which is suitably applied or painted onto the carrier body provided for the anode.
  • the constituent ruthenium oxide in the coating is provided primarily as a favorable catalyst for a particularly high production rate of oxygen-splitting substances, in particular measured in free chlorine.
  • the further constituent iridium oxide on the other hand, particularly favors the stability of the anode against wear through the electrolysis process, and it has surprisingly been found that the constituent iridium oxide in the surface coating can also favor the long-term stability of the prepared electrochemically activated salt solution.
  • a ratio of ruthenium oxide adapted on demand on the one hand (favoring a high Cl production rate) and iridium oxide on the other hand preferably favors oxygen or O 2 production and also the long-term stability of the product at a pH Value of preferably about 7.4).
  • the ratios given here indicate in particular the respective mixing ratios before application.
  • the process-relevant parameters such as in particular treatment temperatures, ambient conditions and
  • Post-treatment of the starting paste preferably selected according to the intended mixing ratio and suitable for this.
  • the ruthenium oxide it is desirable to achieve the greatest possible conversion to ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO 2), which has a density of about 6.97 g / cm 3.
  • RuO 4 ruthenium (VIII) oxide (RuO4) and also as little RuO3 as possible should remain.
  • comparatively high temperatures of in particular more than 800 ° C. and, moreover, an atmospheric sphere with excess oxygen are preferably used in order to ensure the most complete conversion of the ruthenium-containing constituents to RuO 2. In the presence of the iridium, this is converted to IrO 2 on firing in O 2 atmosphere, which in turn further favors the strength and durability of the overall system.
  • the surface coating of the anode is advantageously adapted specifically to the requirements for the catalytic support of Cl production and / or O 2 production in the context of the electrolysis process.
  • the surface coating of the anode advantageously has a mean layer thickness which corresponds to an areal density of the edehmetal portion of about 5 g / m 2 to about 11 g / m 2 .
  • a surface density of the noble metal of 5 g / m 2 for a coating of the type "Ru mixed oxide” corresponding to a Ru / Ir ratio of 95/5, is preferred for a type "Ru-IR mixed oxide" a first variant, corresponding to a ratio Ru / Ir of 84/16, a surface density of the precious metal of 6 g / m 2 , in a second variant, corresponding to a ratio Ru / Ir of 70/30, a surface density of the noble metal of 7.5 g / m 2 , in a third variant, corresponding to a Ru / Ir ratio of 50/50, a surface density of 9 g / m 2 , for a coating of the type "Pt-IrO 2", corresponding to a Pt / Ir ratio of 70/30, a surface density of the noble metal of 10 g / m 2 and for a coating of the type "Pt RU mixed oxide ", corresponding to a ratio
  • the electrolytic cell of the type mentioned is used in the context of a plant for the production of an electrochemically activated solution by electrolysis of salehalti- water.
  • an electrolysis module comprising a plurality of electrolysis cells of the type mentioned, in which the anode chambers of the electrolysis cells are connected in series on the media side, with the surface coating above, in particular - ⁇ visibly their material components, the anode of each electrolysis cell is selected depending on their position in the series circuit.
  • a particularly targeted and extensive concentration of the free chlorine content in the electrochemically activated solution is achievable even with high storage stability of the product in a particularly favorable manner, especially by the media-side series connection of a plurality of anode compartments of the type mentioned.
  • a special targeted and adapted to the particular stage of the manufacturing process treatment of the electrolyte in the anode chambers allows.
  • a particularly targeted local modification of the electrolyte in the respective anode compartment can be achieved to a particular extent by a suitable, depending on the position of the respective anode compartment within the series circuit of the anode compartments selected coating.
  • one or some of the electrolysis cells are designed according to the above-mentioned type, ie they comprise on their anode a surface coating with a suitably selected proportion of ruthenium oxide
  • the Cl Production rate can be kept rather low.
  • the surface coating of the anode of a seen in the media-side series circuit comparatively arranged rear electrolysis cell with a relatively lower proportion of ruthenium and / or iridium oxide hen hen as the surface coating of the anode seen in the media-side series comparatively front arranged electrolytic cell
  • the surprising realization is particularly taken into account that for the general properties of the prepared electrochemically activated salt solution, in particular with regard to storage stability, compatibility with other substances and the like, appear various by-products during the electrolysis process particularly harmful.
  • the production rate of such by-products in the individual electrolysis cells is particularly low when the product or the electrolyte in these electrolysis cells is alkaline, ie has a pH of more than 7.5, for example.
  • An electrochemically activated salt solution with particularly favorable properties is thus preferably preparable by making the production process in an alkaline environment in large parts.
  • the focus of the generation of oxygen-releasing compounds, ie in particular the Cl production, achievable by a suitably high Ru content in the surface coating of the respective anode, is displaced into the relatively front-mounted electrolysis cells.
  • the alkaline environment of the electrolyte is advantageously used in the production of the electrochemically activated salt solution in the cascaded series connection of the type mentioned in the last stage, ie in the media-side series connection lifted and lowered the pH to a value of about 7.3. In this last stage is thus expected to increase the accumulation of said by-products.
  • the Cl production rate is kept particularly low by an appropriate choice of the surface coating of the anode just in this media side last electrolysis cell, so that despite the lowering of the pH provided there to a neutral range of seizure the actually undesirable, the properties of the product as a whole undesirable influencing byproducts can be kept particularly low due to the low Cl production rate.
  • the surface coating of the anode of the last electrolytic cell seen in the media-side series circuit is listed essentially ruthenium oxide-free in a particularly advantageous embodiment.
  • the surface coating of the anode of this electrolysis cell is in a further embodiment substantially on platinum Basis executed.
  • the surface coating of the anode may contain both ruthenium or ruthenium oxide and also platinum or platinum oxide in the manner of a mixture of these constituents.
  • the mixing ratio of the ruthenium-based constituents to the platinum-based constituents may also be selected as a function of the position as a function of the position of the respective electrolysis cell within the cascade circuit, wherein in particular the ruthenium-based fraction in the surface coating "towards the rear" within the series circuit decreases.
  • the stated object is achieved by a plant of the type mentioned, that is in particular comprising a plurality of electrolysis cells connected in series with their anode chambers on the media side, wherein the electrolyte is supplied in parallel to the cathode chambers of the electrolytic cells and in series to the anode chambers of the electrolysis cells.
  • a plant of the type mentioned that is in particular comprising a plurality of electrolysis cells connected in series with their anode chambers on the media side, wherein the electrolyte is supplied in parallel to the cathode chambers of the electrolytic cells and in series to the anode chambers of the electrolysis cells.
  • the cathode chambers of the electrolysis cells being connected to the anode chamber of the first electrolysis cell in the flow direction of the anolyte in an advantageous development.
  • the electrolyte flowing out of the cathode compartments of the electrolysis cells -preferably a partial flow branched off appropriately-is supplied to the anode compartment of the first electrolysis cell seen in the flow direction of the electrolyte.
  • the advantages enumerated by the invention are in particular that by the suitable choice of the surface coating of the anode, namely in particular by the provision of ruthenium oxide and / or iridium oxide as a constituent of the surface coating, the Cl production rate and / or optionally the O2 production rate can be favored, and in addition also the suitable provision of iridium oxide in the product produced favors a particularly high storage stability. It is also ensured by a choice of the coating and the components forming it within the series connection of a plurality of electrolysis cells that is adapted to the position or position, that a particularly demand-adapted influencing of the electrochemical processes during the electrolysis can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plant for producing an electrochemically activated saline solution
  • FIG. 2 is an anode chamber of the system of FIG. 1 in longitudinal section.
  • the plant 1 according to FIG. 1 is provided for producing an electrochemically activated salt solution by electrolysis.
  • the system 1 comprises an electrolysis module 2 to which an electrolysis medium can be fed on the input side via a supply line 4.
  • the electrolysis medium is in this case with brine or an aqueous salt solution
  • the inflow line 4 is connected on the input side to a water softener station 6.
  • a Venturi nozzle 8 For adding the brine to the hardened water is connected in the inflow 4 a Venturi nozzle 8, which in turn is connected on the input side to a brine tank 10.
  • From the supply line 4 also branches off after the water softening station 6 from a drain line 12, via which during a commissioning phase of the system 1, the water flow from the water softener station 6, bypassing the electrolysis module 2 of the following components in the brine tank 10 can be discharged.
  • suitable valves 16, 18, 20 and additionally in. Are provided in the supply line 4, the drain line 12 and the brine feed line 14 opening into the venturi 8 the feed line 14 a
  • Drosse valve 20 switched.
  • an outflow line 24 is connected to the electrolysis module 2, which outlet side discharges into a reservoir 26 for the prepared salt solution or the anolyte.
  • a multi-way valve 28 is also connected in the drainage line 24, the second outlet of which is connected to a drainage line 30.
  • the plant 1 is for the preparation of an electrochemically activated salt solution with just for use as a disinfectant or antibacterial agent in, for example, medical or pharmaceutical applications particularly favorable properties, in particular with a particularly high content of fre em chlorine of preferably more than 500 mg / l and in particular even more than 2,000 mg / l with high shelf life.
  • the electrolysis module 2 has a multi-component construction and comprises a plurality of electrolysis cells 40, 41, of which only two are shown in the exemplary embodiment; Of course, analogous to the following versions but also more
  • Electrolysis cells 40, 41 may be provided.
  • Each electrolysis cell 40, 41 each comprises a cathode space forming a first electrode space and an anode forming a second electrode space.
  • Denraum 44 each separated by a membrane 46.
  • the application of an electrical voltage between the respective anode compartment 44 limiting anode on the one hand and the respective cathode compartment 42 bounding cathode on the other hand then causes ion migration across the intermediate membrane 46 away, so that an at least partial dissociation of the water contained in the electrolysis and at least partially Dissociation of entrained in the form of brine salts occurs.
  • Enriched hydrogen gas is the cathode space 42 each with a
  • Degassing line 47 connected. This forms, if appropriate in combination with means arranged in the cathode space 42 for generating bubbles or gas separation, such as swirlers or the like, a degassing module for the respective cathode chamber 42.
  • the desired, high-quality properties of the electrochemically activated salt solution are achieved in the plant 1 in particular by a specific guidance of the media streams in the electrolysis module 2.
  • a branching point 48 is provided in the system 1 in the exemplary embodiment in the inflow line 4, from which, in the manner of a parallel media feed, into the cathode chambers 42 of the electrolysis cells 40, 41 is opened. lines 50 go off. On the output side of the cathode chambers 42 discharge lines 52 are provided, which are merged together in a collection point 54, so that overall results in a media side parallel interconnection of the cathode chambers 42.
  • anode chamber 44 assigned in the flow direction of the anolyte to the first electrolysis module 40 is connected on the output side via an overflow line 56 to the input side of the following anode chamber 44 arranged in the second electrolysis module 41.
  • This in turn is the output side connected to the discharge line 24, so that in the manner of a multi-stage or cascade-like execution of a series connection of the anode chambers 44 with respect.
  • the anolyte results.
  • the collection point 54 for the catholyte is connected via an overflow line 58 to the anode space 44 of the first electrolysis cell 40, viewed in the flow direction of the anolyte.
  • a discharge line 60 branches off at the collection point 54, via which a partial flow of the catholyte which can be adjusted in its quantity via a throttle valve 62 can be supplied to a wastewater system or a collecting vessel 64.
  • a throttle valve 62 can be supplied to a wastewater system or a collecting vessel 64.
  • the electrolytic cells 40, 41 are designed in a substantially cylindrical basic form. Since at a provided for forming the anode, designed as a hollow cylinder base or support body 80 is concentrically surrounded by a membrane 46 forming, also hollow cylindrical ceramic body 82. To form the cathode space 42, the ceramic body 82 is in turn surrounded concentrically by a hollow cylindrical outer body 84. At the end, these components are suitably closed and suitably sealed by means of suitable closing elements 88, wherein the supply of the electrolyte into the base or carrier body 80 forming the anode can take place via media inflow openings 90.
  • anode base or support body 80 is provided on its surface with a specific selected coating.
  • This coating 92 is individually adapted to the requirements in the electrolysis process with respect to their choice of material and composition, and in particular depending on the position of the respective electrolysis cell 40, 41 within the cascaded medial current-side series circuit
  • Anode rooms 44 selected.
  • the surface coating 92 provided on the anode is designed to a particular extent for a particularly high production rate of free chlorine.
  • the surface coating 92 of the anode in the electrolysis cell 40 comprises ruthenium oxide and further constituents, in particular of iridium oxide, in the exemplary embodiment in one
  • the anode in the last electrolyte cell 41 viewed from the media flow side, is provided with a surface coating which is essentially ruthenium oxide-free. This ensures that the production rate of free chlorine is kept comparatively low in the last electrolyte cell 41, as seen in the media flow direction, so that in this electrolysis cell 41 the pH of the anolyte is in good compatibility with other substances or active substances suitable comparatively neutral value can be reduced, without this having to be expected due to the undesirable production of harmful by-products.
  • the surface coating 92 of the anode in the electrolytic cell 41 is made essentially on a platinum-based basis.
  • electrolysis cells can be provided within the cascade-like series connection of the anode chambers in the electrolysis module 2;
  • the surface coating of the respective anode should be suitably selected in accordance with the requirements of the specific position as determined by the specific influence of the electrochemical processes during the electrolysis.
  • Electrolysis module 82 ceramic body
  • Water softener station 90 media inflow openings

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule électrolytique (40), notamment pour la production d'une solution de chlorure de sodium activée électrochimiquement, comprenant un compartiment anode (4) doté d'une anode et un compartiment cathode (42) séparé du précédent par une membrane (46) et doté d'une cathode, doit permettre une production particulièrement économique d'une solution saline activée électrochimiquement, pour laquelle une action bactériocide ou antibactérienne particulièrement élevée soit garantie pour une durée de vie en stockage élevée, caractérisée par une teneur élevée en chlore libre; la valeur pH doit permettre autant que possible une bonne compatibilité avec d'autres substances ou principes actifs, voire doit être maintenue réglable à la manière d'un paramètre libre indépendamment des autres paramètres cités. A cet effet, l'anode selon l'invention doit présenter sur sa surface un revêtement (92) comprenant un oxyde de ruthénium et un oxyde d'Iridium. Dans l'installation (1) de production d'une solution activée électrochimiquement, une pluralité de telles cellules électrolytiques (40, 41) et les compartiments anode (44) de la cellule électrolytique (40, 41) côté fluides sont montés en série, le revêtement (92) superficiel de l'anode de chaque cellule électrolytique (40, 41) devant être choisi respectivement indépendamment de la position de la cellule électrolytique (40, 41) respective dans le montage en série.
PCT/EP2011/001636 2010-03-31 2011-03-31 Cellule électrolytique, installation et procédé de production d'une solution activée électrochimiquement par électrolyse WO2011120702A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201180027151.0A CN102947228A (zh) 2010-03-31 2011-03-31 电解槽以及用于通过电解产生电化学活化的溶液的装置和方法

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10003555.9 2010-03-31
EP10003555A EP2374762B1 (fr) 2010-03-31 2010-03-31 Installation et procédé de production d'une solution activée de manière électrochimique
EP10014854.3 2010-11-23
EP10014854A EP2455344A1 (fr) 2010-11-23 2010-11-23 Cellule d'électrolyse ainsi qu'installation et procédé de production d'une solution activée électrochimiquement par électrolyse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011120702A1 true WO2011120702A1 (fr) 2011-10-06

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WO (1) WO2011120702A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013064694A3 (fr) * 2011-11-04 2013-08-15 Lohas Products Gmbh Procédé de production d'un électrolyte
WO2013068599A3 (fr) * 2011-11-11 2013-08-22 Lohas Products Gmbh Procédé pour la production d'une composition d'anolyte
WO2013064688A3 (fr) * 2011-11-04 2013-08-22 Lohas Products Gmbh Procédé de préparation d'une solution à base d'eau activée par voie électrochimique
US20150041311A1 (en) * 2012-02-24 2015-02-12 Caliopa Ag Electrolysis cell, in particular for use in a plant for producing an electrochemically activated sodium chloride solution, and plant having a number of such electrolysis cells

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4479864A (en) * 1982-08-04 1984-10-30 The Japan Carlit Co., Ltd. Anode for electrolysis of seawater
EP0479423A1 (fr) * 1990-08-31 1992-04-08 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Electrode
EP0867527A1 (fr) * 1997-02-27 1998-09-30 Aragonesas Industrias Y Energia, S.A. Electrode à recouvrement catalytique pour des procesus électrochimiques et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci
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WO2003076688A2 (fr) * 2002-03-06 2003-09-18 The University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Procede et appareil d'electrolyse de l'eau
GB2391018A (en) * 2002-07-23 2004-01-28 David Edward Cross Electrochemical cells with coaxial electrodes
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US20090008268A1 (en) * 2006-02-17 2009-01-08 Peter Salathe Process for Production of a Disinfectant Through the Electrochemical Activation (Eca) of Water, a Disinfectant Produced in this Way and the Use Thereof
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