WO2011105385A1 - 曲げ性に優れた超高強度冷延鋼板 - Google Patents
曲げ性に優れた超高強度冷延鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011105385A1 WO2011105385A1 PCT/JP2011/053882 JP2011053882W WO2011105385A1 WO 2011105385 A1 WO2011105385 A1 WO 2011105385A1 JP 2011053882 W JP2011053882 W JP 2011053882W WO 2011105385 A1 WO2011105385 A1 WO 2011105385A1
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- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- less
- surface layer
- soft
- thickness
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- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0257—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel plate suitable for a strength member of an automotive part that requires excellent bendability and delayed fracture resistance.
- ultra-high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet As a structural part of an automobile, it is an important selection criterion to have good bendability and stretch flangeability. Furthermore, since ultra-high strength cold-rolled steel sheets having a tensile strength of 1270 MPa or more are concerned about delayed fracture, it is also necessary to have good delayed fracture resistance.
- DP steel in which hard martensite is dispersed in soft ferrite ground and strength and workability are improved at the same time is known and widely used.
- this DP steel has good ductility, it has a problem in bendability and cannot be applied to parts manufactured by severe bending. Further, due to the presence of soft ferrite, it is difficult to ensure a tensile strength exceeding 1270 MPa.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose the following steel sheets and manufacturing methods.
- Patent Document 1 for the purpose of improving bending workability and spot weldability, a hard central layer including a decarburized and annealed surface layer and a soft layer of 10 vol% on the surface layer and a residual austenite of 10 vol% or more on the inner layer.
- a high-strength steel sheet having the following and a method for producing the same are disclosed.
- martensite is formed at the time of molding, voids are generated at the interface between the soft ferrite and the hard phase, and crack generation and crack propagation occur easily. May adversely affect bendability.
- Patent Document 2 a cold-rolled steel sheet having a soft layer of C: 0.1 wt% or less on the surface layer of 3 to 15% on both surfaces and the balance being a composite structure of less than 10% of retained austenite and a low-temperature transformation phase or ferrite And a manufacturing method is disclosed.
- a soft layer of C: 0.1 wt% or less on the surface layer because the surface hardness of the steel sheet is extremely lowered and the fatigue characteristics are lowered. There is no mention of delayed fracture.
- Patent Document 3 describes a cold-rolled steel sheet having a surface layer of 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m mainly composed of ferrite, and an inner layer mainly composed of bainite and martensite, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the surface layer portion of 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m is mainly composed of ferrite, which is not preferable because there is a problem that the fatigue characteristics are inferior.
- Patent Document 4 describes a cold-rolled steel sheet and a manufacturing method excellent in stretch flangeability in which the metal structure is substantially a martensite single phase except for a surface layer within 10 ⁇ m. Although it is described that ferrite may be formed on the outermost layer with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or less, it is not a technique of actively generating a surface soft layer, controlling the amount of generation and improving workability, and Insufficient bendability.
- an ultra-high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having both good bendability and high strength of 1270 MPa or more and excellent delayed fracture resistance has not been obtained.
- the present invention was made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an ultra-high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 0.8 to 1.6 mm that is excellent in bendability and delayed fracture resistance. To do.
- the present inventors have intensively studied from the aspects of steel composition and metal structure. As a result, by controlling the steel components to an appropriate range and optimizing the structure, it has excellent bendability and tensile strength of 1270 MPa or more, and at the same time, ultra-high strength of thin materials with excellent delayed fracture characteristics after molding It has been found that a cold-rolled steel sheet can be obtained.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a thin ultra-high strength cold-rolled steel sheet having an ultra-high strength with a tensile strength of 1270 MPa or more, and excellent in bendability and delayed fracture resistance. It can be applied as a difficult-to-form member such as an automobile structural member that has been difficult to apply. Furthermore, when the ultra-high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is used as an automobile structural member, it contributes to reducing the weight of the automobile, improving safety, and the like, which is extremely useful industrially.
- the chemical component and the metal structure according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- the% indication of the chemical component means all mass% (mass%) unless otherwise specified.
- [Chemical composition] C 0.15-0.30%
- C is indispensable for strengthening steel using the low temperature transformation phase.
- the strength of the low temperature transformation phase tends to be proportional to the C content.
- a soft part exists in the steel sheet surface layer, and C is required to be 0.15% or more in order to obtain a tensile strength of 1270 MPa or more.
- C is set to be 0.15% or more and 0.30% or less.
- it is 0.15% or more and 0.25% or less.
- Si 0.01 to 1.8% Si is an element that improves ductility and contributes to strength improvement, and the effect is not exhibited at less than 0.01%. On the other hand, even if the content exceeds 1.8%, the effect is saturated. Moreover, when it contains excessively, the electrical resistance at the time of resistance welding increases, weldability is inhibited, and there is a tendency to deteriorate the chemical resistance and corrosion resistance after coating. Accordingly, Si is set to 0.01% or more and 1.8% or less. Preferably, it is 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less.
- Mn 1.5 to 3.0% Mn contributes to refinement of crystal grains through the action of lowering the Ar 3 transformation point, and has the action of increasing the strength without greatly reducing the ductility and the hole expansion ratio ⁇ . Mn is also an important element that suppresses surface cracking caused by hot brittleness due to S. Further, Mn is an austenite stabilizing element, and Mn is required to be 1.5% or more in order to stably obtain a low-temperature transformation phase in the cooling process from austenite existing during heat annealing from the viewpoint of securing strength. is there.
- Mn is made 1.5% to 3.0%.
- P 0.05% or less
- P is an element that contributes to strengthening of the steel sheet by forming a solid solution in the steel.
- it is also an element that lowers the bond strength of grain boundaries by segregation to the grain boundaries and degrades workability, and also reduces chemical conversion treatment properties, corrosion resistance, etc. by concentration on the steel sheet surface.
- P exceeds 0.05%, the above-described adverse effect appears remarkably. For this reason, P needs to be 0.05% or less.
- P can be made 0.001% or more.
- S 0.005% or less S is an element that adversely affects workability.
- S increases, it exists as an inclusion of MnS, and in particular, the local ductility of the material is lowered and workability is lowered. Also, the presence of sulfides deteriorates the weld zone toughness. By setting S to 0.005% or less, such adverse effects can be avoided, and the press workability can be remarkably improved. For this reason, S is made into 0.005% or less.
- S can be made 0.0001% or more.
- Al 0.005 to 0.05%
- Al is an element effective for improving the yield of deoxidation and carbide forming elements, and in order to fully exhibit this effect, 0.005% or more is required as Al. Moreover, it is also an essential element for improving the cleanliness of the steel sheet. From this point, 0.005% or more is necessary as Al. If Al is less than 0.005%, the removal of Si-based inclusions is incomplete, and there are many starting points of delayed fracture, so that delayed fracture is likely to occur. On the other hand, when Al is added in excess of 0.05%, not only the effect is saturated, but also workability is deteriorated, and problems such as an increased tendency of occurrence of surface defects occur. From the above, Al is made 0.005% or more and 0.05% or less.
- N 0.005% or less
- this invention steel can contain the following elements.
- Ti, Nb, and V have the effect of suppressing delayed fracture by refining crystal grains and contributing to uniform structure. This effect is exhibited when the content of Ti and Nb is 0.001% or more, and V is 0.01% or more. However, if any of them is contained in a large amount, carbonitride is formed, which is not preferable. Therefore, Ti and Nb can be contained in a range of 0.001% or more and 0.10% or less, and V can be contained in a range of 0.01% or more and 0.50% or less.
- B when B is added, it exhibits the effect of suppressing delayed fracture through grain boundary strengthening due to preferential segregation at the grain boundaries. In order to obtain this effect, B must be 0.0001% or more. On the other hand, even if the content exceeds 0.005%, the effect tends to be saturated. Therefore, B is preferably contained in the range of 0.0001 to 0.005%.
- Cu, Ni, Mo, and Cr are elements that contribute to strength if added, and in order to obtain this effect, each is preferably made 0.01% or more.
- the effect is saturated even if it contains more than 0.50% in each case, any of them may contain one or more from this group in the range of 0.01% or more and 0.50% or less. it can.
- the high-tensile steel sheet according to the present invention has a substantially tempered martensite single-phase structure.
- the substantial structure is because the remaining structure may include unavoidable untransformed retained austenite and ferrite structure.
- the tissue can be identified appropriately by combining observation with an optical microscope (400 to 600 times) and observation with a scanning electron microscope (hereinafter abbreviated as “SEM”) at a magnification of 1000 times, but can also be confirmed by other methods.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the ratio of the metal structure was obtained by calculating the area ratio of the metal structure using an image processing apparatus and expressing this value as a volume ratio in%.
- the structure in the center is tempered martensite
- the structure in the center is substantially a tempered martensite single phase to ensure strength and formability.
- ferrite should not be included.
- the structure of the central portion does not need to be completely tempered martensite, and may contain ferrite and / or retained austenite as long as it is less than 3%. This is because the effect on the mechanical properties of the steel sheet is negligible within this range.
- the microstructure of the central portion can be specified by observing a microstructure having a thickness of 1/2 part with an optical microscope and an SEM.
- Hardness and thickness of steel sheet surface soft part The hardness of the steel sheet was measured with a Vickers tester with a load of 50 g (test force; 0.49 N) at intervals of 20 ⁇ m from the surface part to the center part of the sheet thickness cross section. ) Formula and the following formula (2) formula, the hardness and thickness of the steel plate surface soft layer can be determined.
- the steel plate of the present invention has a softer region in the surface layer portion of the steel plate than in the central portion of the steel plate.
- the soft region is confirmed by measuring the hardness from the steel sheet surface layer portion toward the center portion as described above.
- the steel sheet surface soft layer in the present invention is a region defined by the following formula (1) among the soft regions.
- the steel sheet surface layer soft part needs to satisfy the hardness ratio with respect to the center part defined by the following formula.
- Hv (S) / Hv (C) exceeds 0.8, the difference from the hardness of the center is small, and there is no improvement effect on the bendability and delayed fracture resistance of the steel sheet.
- / Hv (C) is 0.8 or less.
- the fatigue characteristic of a steel plate is improved by setting it as this range.
- the hardness Hv (C) of the central portion of the steel plate is the average of five points measured in the region of the half thickness portion.
- the thickness of the steel sheet surface layer soft part defined by the above formula (1) needs to satisfy the following formula (2).
- t (S) thickness of steel sheet surface layer soft part
- t sheet thickness
- the thickness t (S) of steel sheet surface layer soft part is measured from the steel sheet surface layer part to the sheet thickness center direction, and the steel sheet surface layer part
- the thickness of the region having a hardness of 0.8 ⁇ Hv (C) or less is obtained, and the sum of the thicknesses of the layers existing on the front and back surfaces of the steel plate is represented.
- the thickness t (S) of the steel sheet surface soft part is less than 0.10 of the sheet thickness t, no significant improvement effect of the bendability of the steel sheet is observed, and no improvement effect of the delayed fracture resistance is recognized. Therefore, it is set to 0.10 or more.
- it exceeds 0.30 the strength of the steel sheet is remarkably lowered and it is extremely difficult to maintain a high strength exceeding 1270 MPa.
- the structure of the steel sheet soft part defined by the conditions of both the above formulas (1) and (2) is 90% by volume ratio of the tempered martensite to the entire structure of the steel sheet soft layer. That's it. Formability such as the above-described bending workability can be ensured by making the steel plate surface soft part 90% or more of tempered martensite.
- the soft surface portion of the steel plate in the region where the hardness was measured was observed with an optical microscope (400 to 600 times) and SEM over the entire region from the surface layer to the center of the plate thickness. Observation (1000 times) is performed, and further quantification is performed by image processing to obtain an average volume ratio of the region. In the range of less than 5 ⁇ m from the surface layer, some ferrite may be present, but the volume ratio is preferably less than 10%.
- the surface layer portion has a structure mainly composed of ferrite, the fatigue characteristics are greatly deteriorated and the decrease in tensile strength is increased. Therefore, the smaller the ferrite structure, the better.
- the plate thickness of the steel plate is 0.8 to 1.6 mm, it is difficult to maintain the strength of 1270 MPa or more when ferrite is generated in the region in the direction of the center of the plate thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more from the surface layer of the steel plate. Therefore, it is preferable that no ferrite exists in this region.
- the soft layer of the surface layer is deformed in a balanced manner with the inner thickness layer while relaxing the stress generated in the surface layer of the steel sheet during bending, and has excellent bending workability, An ultra-high-strength steel sheet having excellent delayed fracture resistance can be obtained.
- the details of why the delayed fracture resistance is excellent are not known, but the residual stress due to press working, especially the stress of the surface layer, has decreased, and the structure has a uniform structure mainly composed of tempered martensite at the center in the thickness direction. Therefore, it is estimated that the void that becomes the starting point of the crack is less likely to occur.
- the hardness of the soft portion of the steel sheet surface layer is made softer than the hardness of the central part of the steel plate by decarburization annealing, so that the formula (1) can be satisfied.
- steel having the same composition as that of the steel plate is used as a raw material, and hot rolling, decarburization annealing after pickling and cold rolling, or hot rolling, pickling, decarburization after cold rolling. Annealing. Subsequently, after heating and soaking at Ar 3 point or higher by continuous annealing, it is rapidly cooled to Ms point or lower.
- decarburization annealing by hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, and subsequent continuous annealing, heating and soaking to Ar 3 point or higher, and then rapidly cooling to Ms point or lower.
- the amount of decarburization is not particularly specified.
- the thickness of the steel sheet is 0.8 to 1.6 mm
- the C amount at a position of 30 ⁇ m from the outermost layer is less than 0.10%
- the soft surface layer is not preferred because it tends to be a structure mainly composed of ferrite, and the strength is greatly reduced.
- the method of decarburization annealing is not particularly defined, but for example, the carbon concentration in the steel sheet can be lowered by annealing in an oxygen-containing atmosphere or a high dew point atmosphere.
- the process of heating and soaking to 3 or more points of Ar by continuous annealing to the process of rapid cooling is particularly important in carrying out the present invention.
- Water cooling is preferable in that the temperature unevenness is reduced and the cooling rate can be easily secured.
- the rapid cooling method is not limited to water cooling, and gas jet cooling, mist cooling, roll cooling and the like can be used alone or in combination.
- tempering is performed in the range of 150 to 400 ° C.
- the tempering temperature exceeds 300 ° C.
- the strength is greatly reduced, and in order to ensure 1270 MPa, it is necessary to add a large amount of alloy elements, so 150 to 300 ° C. is preferable.
- Other known production methods can be used for producing the steel according to the present invention.
- Table 2 is a result of mainly investigating the influence of the chemical composition of the steel sheet with the decarburization annealing conditions kept constant at 30 ° C. and 700 ° C. ⁇ 30 min.
- Table 3 shows the decarburization conditions, soaking temperature, and tempering. This is a result of examining the mechanical characteristics (tensile characteristics, hole expansion ratio, bending characteristics) and delayed fracture resistance by changing the temperature appropriately and changing the soft part thickness ( ⁇ m) and the central structure.
- the steel sheet surface layer soft part and the steel sheet center part are simply abbreviated as “soft part” and “center part”, respectively.
- the center structure of the steel sheet is polished at the position of 1/2 the plate thickness, after nital etching, optical microscope observation (400 times) and SEM observation (1000 times) to confirm the presence or absence of ferrite structure, If present, the ferrite fraction (area fraction) was measured by image processing, and this was used as the volume fraction.
- the thickness corresponding to the surface soft part is measured by the hardness distribution measurement in advance on the front and back layers to obtain the sum, then polishing, nital etching, optical microscope observation, SEM observation (1000 The structure of the soft surface layer was observed.
- the hardness of the steel sheet was measured at an interval of 20 ⁇ m by a 5-point average by a Vickers test with a load of 50 g (test force; 0.49 N) to obtain a hardness distribution of the cross section in the thickness direction. Further, the hardness at the central portion of the plate thickness is an average value of five points in the region of 1/2 plate thickness. That is, from the hardness distribution of the cross section in the plate thickness direction obtained here, the thickness of the steel plate surface layer satisfying the hardness of 0.8 ⁇ Hv (C) or less is obtained as described above, and the thickness is obtained. Was observed.
- the tensile test was performed using JIS No. 5 test specimens taken in the direction perpendicular to rolling as the longitudinal direction in accordance with JIS Z 2241.
- the hole expansion test was conducted in accordance with Japan Iron and Steel Federation Standard JFS T 1001.
- the bending test was performed by cutting a strip test piece perpendicular to the rolling direction, performing bending at 180 ° U by changing the bending radius, and evaluating the critical bending radius. In addition, if a critical bending radius is 5.0 mm or less, it can be said that it is excellent in bendability.
- the delayed fracture test a test piece similar to the bending test was used, and a U-bend test piece with a bending radius R of 5 mm was immersed in hydrochloric acid of pH 3 and evaluated by a cracking time.
- the maximum immersion time was 96 hr, and the presence or absence of cracking at this point was used as an indicator of delayed fracture resistance.
- the test piece was produced with the bending radius R of the limit bending radius R value + 1 mm.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記問題点を解決するためになされたもので、曲げ性および耐遅れ破壊特性に優れた板厚0.8~1.6mmの超高強度冷延鋼板を提供することを目的とする。
(1)mass%で、C:0.15~0.30%、Si:0.01~1.8%、Mn:1.5~3.0%、P:0.05%以下、S:0.005%以下、Al:0.005~0.05%、N:0.005%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物からなり、以下の(1)および(2)で規定する式を満たす鋼板表層軟質部を有し、
Hv(S)/Hv(C) ≦ 0.8 ・・・・・(1)
Hv(S):鋼板表層軟質部の硬度、Hv(C):鋼板中心部の硬度
0.10 ≦ t(S)/t ≦ 0.30 ・・・・・(2)
t(S):鋼板表層軟質部の厚さ、t:板厚
かつ前記鋼板表層軟質部は焼戻しマルテンサイトが体積率90%以上であり、前記鋼板中心部の組織は焼戻しマルテンサイトであり、
引張強度が1270MPa以上であることを特徴とする曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。
(2)さらに、mass%で、Ti:0.001~0.10%、Nb:0.001~0.10%、V:0.01~0.50%のうちから1種以上を含有することを特徴とする(1)に記載の曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。
(3)さらに、mass%で、B:0.0001~0.005%を含有することを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載の曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。(4)さらに、mass%で、Cu:0.01~0.50%、Ni:0.01~0.50%、Mo:0.01~0.50%、Cr:0.01~0.50%のうちから1種以上を含有することを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。
まず、本発明にかかる化学成分および金属組織に分けて具体的に説明する。また、以下、化学成分の%表示は特に言及しない限り、すべて質量%(mass%)を意味する。
C:0.15~0.30%
Cは低温変態相を利用して鋼を強化するために必要不可欠である。一般に、低温変態相の強度はC量に比例する傾向にある。鋼板表層に軟質部が存在し、1270MPa以上の引張強度を得るにはCは0.15%以上必要である。しかし、Cを0.30%超えて含有すると、溶接部靭性が著しく劣化する。また、鋼板の強度が大きくなりすぎ、鋼板の延性など加工性も著しく低下する傾向にある。以上より、Cは0.15%以上0.30%以下とする。好ましくは、0.15%以上0.25%以下が望ましい。
Siは延性を改善するとともに強度向上に寄与する元素であり、その効果は0.01%未満では発揮されない。一方、1.8%を越えて含有してもその効果は飽和する。また過度に含有することにより抵抗溶接時の電気抵抗の増加を伴い溶接性を阻害し、また、化成処理、塗装後耐食性を劣化させる傾向がある。以上より、Siは0.01%以上1.8%以下とする。好ましくは、0.01%以上1.0%以下とする。
Mnは、Ar3変態点を低下させる作用を通じ、結晶粒の微細化に寄与し、延性や穴拡げ率λを大きく低下させることなく強度を高める作用を有する。また、Mnは、Sによる熱間脆性に起因する表面割れを抑制する重要な元素でもある。さらに、Mnはオ−ステナイト安定化元素であり、強度確保の点から加熱焼鈍時に存在するオ−ステナイトから冷却過程において安定的に低温変態相を得るには、Mnは1.5%以上必要である。一方、3.0%を越えて含有すると、Mnの偏析などに起因し組織は不均一化し、加工性や成形後の耐遅れ破壊特性が劣化する傾向にある。以上より、Mnは1.5%以上3.0%以下とする。
Pは、鋼中に固溶して鋼板の強化に寄与する元素である。一方で、粒界への偏析により粒界の結合力を低下させ加工性を劣化させ、また鋼板表面への濃化により化成処理性、耐食性などを低下させる元素でもある。Pが0.05%を超えると、上記悪影響は顕著に現れる。このため、Pは0.05%以下にする必要がある。なお、Pの過度の低減は製造コストの増加を伴うため、この観点を考慮し、Pは0.001%以上とすることができる。
Sは加工性に悪影響を及ぼす元素である。Sが増加するとMnSの介在物として存在し、特に材料の局部的な延性を低下させ、加工性を低下させる。また硫化物の存在により溶接部靭性も悪くなる。Sを0.005%以下とすることにより、このような悪影響を避けることができ、プレス加工性を顕著に改善することが可能となる。このため、Sを0.005%以下とする。なお、Sの過度の低減は製造コストの増加を伴うため、この観点を考慮して、Sは0.0001%以上とすることができる。
Alは、脱酸および炭化物形成元素の歩留りを向上させるために有効な元素であり、この効果を十分に発揮するためには、Alとして、0.005%以上が必要である。また、鋼板清浄度を向上させるために必須の元素でもあり、この点からもAlとして、0.005%以上必要である。Alが0.005%未満の場合、Si系介在物の除去が不完全となり、遅れ破壊の起点が多数存在することになり、遅れ破壊しやすくなる。一方、Alを0.05%を超えて添加した場合、効果が飽和するのみでなく、加工性が劣化し、表面欠陥の発生傾向の増大などの問題を生じる。以上より、Alは0.005%以上0.05%以下とする。
Nの含有量が多い場合、窒化物を多数形成し、遅れ破壊の起点となり遅れ破壊しやすくなる。そのためにNは0.005%以下に制限する必要がある。なお、Nの過度の低減は製造コストの増加を伴うため、この観点を考慮して、Nは0.0001%以上とすることができる。
Ti、Nb、Vは、添加すれば、結晶粒を微細化し組織の均一化に寄与することにより、遅れ破壊を抑制する効果がある。この効果が発揮されるのは、Ti、Nbでは0.001%以上であり、Vは0.01%以上である。しかし、いずれも多量に含有すると炭窒化物を形成するため好ましくない。したがって、Ti、Nbは0.001%以上0.10%以下の範囲で、Vは0.01%以上0.50%以下の範囲で一種以上を含有することができる。
[金属組織]
本発明に係る高張力鋼板は、実質的に焼戻しマルテンサイト単相組織である。ここで、実質的にとしたのは、残部組織は不可避的に存在する未変態の残留オーステナイトおよびフェライト組織等を含む場合があるからである。組織の特定は光学顕微鏡観察(400倍~600倍)および走査型電子顕微鏡(以下「SEM」と略す)による1000倍の観察を組み合わせ適宜確認できるが、その他の方法によることもできる。以下、金属組織の割合は、画像処理装置を用いて金属組織の面積率を求めこの値を体積率として%表示した。
中心部の組織は、強度および成形性を確保するため、実質的に焼戻しマルテンサイト単相とする。微量のフェライトが生成した場合にはそこが応力集中の起点となり耐遅れ破壊特性が急激に低下するため、フェライトは含んではならない。ただし、中心部の組織は完全に焼戻しマルテンサイトである必要は無く、3%未満であればフェライトおよび/または残留オーステナイトを含んでもよい。この範囲内であれば、鋼板の機械的性質に及ぼす影響は無視できるからである。ここで、中心部の組織は板厚1/2部のミクロ組織を光学顕微鏡およびSEMにて観察して特定することができる。
鋼板の硬度を板厚断面を表面部分から中心部に渡って20μm間隔で荷重50g(試験力;0.49N)のビッカース試験機により測定し、下記(1)式および下記(2)式の条件を具備する鋼板表層軟質部の硬度および厚さを求めることができる。
Hv(S):鋼板表層軟質部の硬度、Hv(C):鋼板中心部の硬度
すなわち、鋼板表層軟質部は0.8×Hv(C)以下の硬度を有する領域である。Hv(S)/Hv(C)が0.8を超える場合には中心部の硬度との差が小さく、鋼板の曲げ性および耐遅れ破壊特性に対し向上効果を有しないため、Hv(S)/Hv(C)は0.8以下とする。また、この範囲とすることで、鋼板の疲労特性が改善される。
なお、ここで鋼板中心部の硬度Hv(C)は板厚1/2部の領域の5点測定の平均を用いる。
t(S):鋼板表層軟質部の厚さ、t:板厚
ここで、鋼板表層軟質部の厚さt(S)は、鋼板表層部から板厚中心方向にかけて硬度を測定し、鋼板表層部における0.8×Hv(C)以下の硬度を有する領域の厚さを求め、鋼板の表裏面に存在する当該層の厚さの和を表したものである。鋼板表層軟質部の厚さt(S)が板厚tの0.10未満の場合には、鋼板の曲げ性の著しい向上効果は認められず、また耐遅れ破壊特性の向上効果も認められないことから、0.10以上とする。また、0.30を超える場合には、鋼板強度が著しく低下し1270MPaを越える高強度を維持することが極めて困難となるため、0.30以下とする。
上記(1)式および(2)式の両方の条件で規定される鋼板表層軟質部の組織は、焼戻しマルテンサイトが鋼板表層軟質部の組織全体に対する体積率で90%以上である。鋼板表層軟質部を焼戻しマルテンサイト90%以上にすることにより上述した曲げ加工性等の成形性を確保することができる。
Claims (4)
- mass%で、C:0.15~0.30%、Si:0.01~1.8%、Mn:1.5~3.0%、P:0.05%以下、S:0.005%以下、Al:0.005~0.05%、N:0.005%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物からなり、以下の(1)および(2)で規定する式を満たす鋼板表層軟質部を有し、
Hv(S)/Hv(C) ≦ 0.8 ・・・・・(1)
Hv(S):鋼板表層軟質部の硬度、Hv(C):鋼板中心部の硬度
0.10 ≦ t(S)/t ≦ 0.30 ・・・・・(2)
t(S):鋼板表層軟質部の厚さ、t:板厚
かつ前記鋼板表層軟質部は焼戻しマルテンサイトが体積率90%以上であり、前記鋼板中心部の組織は焼戻しマルテンサイトであり、
引張強度が1270MPa以上であることを特徴とする曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。 - さらに、mass%で、Ti:0.001~0.10%、Nb:0.001~0.10%、V:0.01~0.50%のうちから1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。
- さらに、mass%で、B:0.0001~0.005%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。
- さらに、mass%で、Cu:0.01~0.50%、Ni:0.01~0.50%、Mo:0.01~0.50%、Cr:0.01~0.50%のうちから1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の曲げ性に優れる超高強度冷延鋼板。
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US10718044B2 (en) | 2016-07-15 | 2020-07-21 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet |
KR20180126564A (ko) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-11-27 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 용융 아연 도금 강판 |
WO2018011978A1 (ja) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板 |
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JP6760523B1 (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-09-23 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
US11390932B2 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2022-07-19 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and method for producing the same |
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KR20210108461A (ko) | 2019-02-06 | 2021-09-02 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 용융 아연 도금 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
US11905570B2 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2024-02-20 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Hot dip galvanized steel sheet and method for producing same |
WO2023013372A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-09 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 高強度鋼板 |
JPWO2023013372A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-09 | ||
JP7640906B2 (ja) | 2021-08-02 | 2025-03-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 高強度鋼板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI406956B (zh) | 2013-09-01 |
US8951367B2 (en) | 2015-02-10 |
US20130048151A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
CN102770568B (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
JP4977879B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
TW201207125A (en) | 2012-02-16 |
KR20120101596A (ko) | 2012-09-13 |
JP2011179030A (ja) | 2011-09-15 |
CN102770568A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
EP2540854A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
EP2540854A4 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
EP2540854B1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
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