WO2011099524A1 - 放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体 - Google Patents
放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011099524A1 WO2011099524A1 PCT/JP2011/052759 JP2011052759W WO2011099524A1 WO 2011099524 A1 WO2011099524 A1 WO 2011099524A1 JP 2011052759 W JP2011052759 W JP 2011052759W WO 2011099524 A1 WO2011099524 A1 WO 2011099524A1
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Definitions
- cadherin In addition to cell adhesion, cadherin is said to be involved in embryogenesis, morphogenesis, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, as well as cancer invasion and metastasis. Therefore, anti-cadherin antibodies have been reported to be useful for cancer treatment (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the cancer therapeutic agent comprising the radioactive metal-labeled anti-cadherin antibody of the present invention as an active ingredient has high accumulation in cancer tissue and high cancer tissue shrinking effect. It can be performed. Further, by using the cancer diagnostic agent of the present invention, the effectiveness of the cancer therapeutic agent of the present invention can be predicted and the therapeutic effect can be confirmed.
- variable region of a human antibody is expressed as a single chain antibody (scFv) on the surface of the phage by the phage display method, and a phage that binds to the antigen can be selected.
- scFv single chain antibody
- the DNA sequence encoding the variable region of the human antibody that binds to the antigen can be determined. If the DNA sequence of scFv that binds to the antigen is clarified, an appropriate expression vector can be prepared from the sequence to obtain a human antibody.
- multispecific antibodies having specificity for two or more different antigens are also included.
- a molecule binds two antigens (ie, a bispecific antibody), but the “multispecific antibody” in the present invention is directed against more (eg, three types) antigens.
- Multispecific antibodies can be full-length antibodies, or fragments of such antibodies (eg, F (ab ′) 2 bispecific antibodies).
- Monoclonal antibodies can be obtained by excising spleen cells from an immunized animal and fusing them with myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cells that produce monoclonal antibodies. Using methods well known in the art such as ELISA assay, Western blot analysis, or radioimmunoassay, hybridoma cells producing an antibody that recognizes the protein of interest or a fragment thereof are selected. A hybridoma that secretes the desired antibody is cloned, cultured under appropriate conditions, and the secreted antibody is recovered and purified using methods well known in the art, such as ion exchange columns, affinity chromatography, and the like. be able to.
- the host cell system used for monoclonal antibody expression is preferably of mammalian origin.
- a host cell line may be selected that is most suitable for the monoclonal antibody desired to be expressed.
- Common host cell lines include CHO-derived cell lines (Chinese hamster ovary cell line), CV1 (monkey kidney line), COS (derivative of CV1 that carries SV40T antigen), SP2 / 0 (mouse myeloma), P3x63-Ag3 .653 (mouse myeloma), and 293 (human kidney), 293T (a derivative of 293 that carries the SV40T antigen), but is not limited thereto.
- Host cell lines can be obtained from commercial facilities, the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC), or from published publication agencies.
- ATCC American Tissue Culture Collection
- the recognition site in cadherin of the anti-cadherin antibody of the present invention is preferably the 1-655 portion of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the antibody is reacted with a metal chelate reagent and then reacted with the radioactive metal element to form a complex.
- a radioactive metal element is bound to an anti-cadherin antibody via a metal chelating reagent.
- isothiocyanobenzyl DOTA, methylisothiocyanobenzyl DTPA, and cyclohexylisothiocyanobenzyl DTPA are easy to introduce metal chelates into antibodies, labeling rate, complex stability, etc. preferable.
- the number of chelate modifications of an antibody can be calculated by measuring the molecular weight using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or the like, and comparing the molecular weight of an unmodified antibody with a modified antibody (US Pat. No. 7514078, Lu et al. J Pharm Sci. 94 (4), 2005, p788-797, Tedesco et al., J Clin Onco. 23 (16S), 2005, 4765).
- the number of chelate modifications of the antibody can also be measured by chelate titration method.
- a method using an alkaline earth metal colorimetric reagent (Arsenazo III) is known (Bradyr et al., Nucl Med Biol. 31, 795-802, 2004, Dadachova et al., Nucl Med Biol. 26, 977-982, 1999. ).
- An anti-cadherin antibody formed by binding a radioactive metal element has high accumulation in cancer tissues and high cancer cytotoxicity, so it is less damaging to tissues other than cancer tissues and has high safety. Useful as. Further, the anti-cancer activity of an anti-cadherin antibody formed by binding a radioactive metal element is characterized by being significantly higher than the anti-cancer activity of an anti-cadherin antibody alone. The anticancer activity is particularly remarkable when the molar ratio of antibody: chelating reagent is from 1: 0.1 to 1: 4.5.
- the cancer therapeutic agent of the present invention may be used in combination with other anticancer agents.
- other anticancer agents include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, microtubule inhibitors, antibiotic anticancer agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, platinum preparations, molecular target drugs, hormone agents, biologics, and the like.
- alkylating agent include nitrogen mustard anticancer agents such as cyclophosphamide, nitrosourea anticancer agents such as ranimustine, and dacarbazine.
- the antimetabolite include 5-FU, UFT, carmofur, capecitabine, tegafur, TS-1, gemcitabine, cytarabine and the like.
- the cancer diagnostic agent of the present invention can be used for tumor imaging.
- the diagnostic agent of the present invention accumulates in the tumor, and radiation is produced using a device such as a single photon tomography (SPECT), positron tomography (PET), or scintillation camera.
- SPECT single photon tomography
- PET positron tomography
- the tumor can be imaged by detecting.
- a diagnostic agent is administered before treatment, and a tumor is imaged. The higher the accumulation, the higher the effect of the therapeutic agent can be predicted. It can also be used for determination of therapeutic effect.
- the antibody used for the diagnostic agent is preferably an antibody that recognizes an epitope that competes with the therapeutic agent, and more preferably an antibody that recognizes the same epitope as the therapeutic agent. Most desirably, it is the same antibody as the therapeutic agent.
- the obtained culture supernatant is soluble by affinity chromatography using a HisTrap (registered trademark) HP column (GE Healthcare Bioscience) and gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex (registered trademark) 200 pg column (GE Healthcare Bioscience).
- Type CDH3 protein was obtained.
- mice Three days after the final immunization, spleen cells were aseptically prepared from mice, and cell fusion with mouse myeloma cells SP2 / O-Ag14 or P3-X63-Ag8.653 was carried out by the polyethylene glycol method according to a conventional method.
- C set sense primer 5'-ATGGAGWCAGACACACTSCTGYTATGGGGT-3 ': SEQ ID NO: 27
- D Set Sense Primer (Use a mixture of the following two types of primers) 5′-ATGAGRGCCCCTGCTCCAGWTTTYTTGIGITCTT-3 ′: SEQ ID NO: 28 5′-ATGGGCWTCAAGATGRAGTCACAKWYYCWGG-3 ′: SEQ ID NO: 29
- E Set Sense Primer (Use a mixture of the following 3 types of primers) 5′-ATGAGTTGCYCACTCAGGTCCTGGSGTT-3 ′: SEQ ID NO: 30 5′-ATGTGGGGGAYCGKTTTYAMMCTTTCAATTG-3 ′: SEQ ID NO
- the labeled antibody was purified with a desalting column (PD-10, GE Healthcare, 17-0435-01) using PBS.
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Abstract
Description
抗癌剤としては、アルキル化剤、代謝拮抗剤、アルカロイド系抗癌剤、抗生物質抗癌剤、白金製剤等が用いられているが、これらの治療効果は未だ十分とはいえず、癌細胞特異的でなく、副作用の発生頻度が高いという問題がある。かかる観点から、より優れた抗癌剤の開発が望まれている。
従って、本発明の課題は、癌組織集積性の高い放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体を提供し、これを有効成分とする抗癌効果の高い癌治療薬、およびその有効性予測や治療効果確認に使用できる癌診断薬を提供することにある。
また、本発明は、癌治療薬又は癌診断薬製造のための、上記抗カドヘリン抗体の使用を提供するものである。
さらに本発明は、上記抗カドヘリン抗体の有効量を投与することを特徴とする癌治療方法又は癌診断方法を提供するものである。
抗カドヘリン抗体は、カドヘリンに特異的に結合する抗体であれば特に制限されない。ここで、カドヘリンとしては、Eカドヘリン、Nカドヘリン、Pカドヘリン等が挙げられるが、Pカドヘリンがより好ましい。
このような細胞傷害性放射性金属としては、例えばイットリウム90(90Y)、レニウム186(186Re)、レニウム188(188Re)、銅67(67Cu)、鉄59(59Fe)、ストロンチウム89(89Sr)、金198(198Au)、水銀203(203Hg)、鉛212(212Pb)、ジスプロシウム165(165Dy)、ルテニウム103(103Ru)、ビスマス212(212Bi)、ビスマス213(213Bi)、ホルミウム166(166Ho)、サマリウム153(153Sm)、ルテチウム177(177Lu)などを挙げることができる。
これらの放射性金属の中でも、90Y、153Sm、177Luが、半減期、放射線エネルギー、容易な標識反応、標識率、錯体の安定性等の点から好ましい。
抗CDH3抗体作製の免疫原とするため、C末端膜貫通領域以降を欠損させた可溶型CDH3(sCDH3)タンパク質を作製した。
(1)可溶型CDH3抗原発現ベクターの作製
CDH3全長cDNAをテンプレートとして、CDH3細胞外領域に相当する部分(配列番号2の1-654に相当、以下sCDH3cDNA)を増幅するように設計されたフォワードプライマー (配列番号3:CGCGGTACCATGGGGCTCCCTCGT、(hCDH3FullFW))とリバースプライマー(配列番号4:CCGTCTAGATAACCTCCCTTCCAGGGTCC、(hCDH3SolbRV))を用いてPCR反応を行った。反応にはKOD-Plus(東洋紡社)を用い、94℃-15秒、55℃-30秒、68℃-90秒、30サイクルの反応条件で行った。
その後、アガロースゲル電気泳動で目的サイズである約2.0kbpのバンドを含むゲル断片を切り出し、キアクイックゲル抽出キット(キアゲン社)を用いて、目的のsCDH3cDNAを得た。
このsCDH3cDNAを発現用ベクターpEF4/myc-HisBへ挿入するために、2種類の制限酵素KpnIおよびXbaIで処理した後、同じくKpnIおよびXbaIで処理したpEF4/myc-HisBにT4 DNAリガーゼを用いて常法に従い挿入し、発現ベクターpEF4-sCDH3-myc-Hisを得た。
FuGENE6トランスフェクション試薬のプロトコールに準じ、トランスフェクション前日に径10cmディッシュに8×105個のCHO細胞を播種し一晩培養後、8μgの発現ベクターpEF4-sCDH3-myc-Hisと16μLのFuGENE6試薬を400μLの無血清RPMI1640培地に混合、15分間室温放置後、細胞培養液に加えトランスフェクションを行った。トランスフェクション翌々日に選択試薬(Zeocin)を用いて限界希釈法にてクローニングを行った。
可溶型CDH3発現CHO細胞の選抜は、抗c-Mycモノクローナル抗体(SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOY社))を用いたウェスタンブロット法で行った。培養上清中への分泌量が多く増殖が良好な細胞株を選択した結果、可溶型CDH3発現CHO細胞株(EXZ1702)が得られた。選択された可溶型CDH3発現CHO細胞株(EXZ1702)は、培養面積1,500cm2のローラーボトル3本を用い、ローラーボトル1本あたり無血清培地CHO-S-SFM-II(インビトロジェン社)333mLにて72時間培養を行い、培養上清を回収した。得られた培養上清からHisTrap(登録商標)HPカラム(GEヘルスケアバイオサイエンス社)によるアフィニティークロマトグラフィーとSuperdex(登録商標)200pgカラム(GEヘルスケアバイオサイエンス社)によるゲル濾過クロマトグラフィーにより可溶型CDH3タンパク質を得た。
抗CDH3抗体スクリーニング用細胞株を得るため、全長CDH3を発現するCHO細胞の樹立を行った。
(1)CDH3遺伝子発現ベクターの作製
配列番号1に示す全長ヒトCDH3DNAを哺乳類発現ベクターpEF4/myc-HisB(インビトロジェン社)へ挿入するため、2種類の制限酵素KpnI(タカラバイオ社)およびXbaI(タカラバイオ社)で37℃、1時間処理した後、同じくKpnIおよびXbaIで処理したpEF4/myc-HisBへT4 DNAリガーゼ(プロメガ社)により常法に従って挿入し、発現ベクターpEF4―CDH3―myc-Hisを得た。
FuGENE(登録商標)6トランスフェクション試薬(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社)のプロトコールに準じ、トランスフェクション前日に径10cmディッシュに8×105細胞のCHO細胞を播種し一晩培養後、8μgの発現ベクターpEF4-CDH3-myc-Hisと16μLのFuGENE6試薬を400μLの無血清RPMI1640培地(SIGMA-ALDRICH社)に混合し15分間室温放置後、細胞培養液に加えトランスフェクションを行った。トランスフェクション翌々日に選択試薬(Zeocin(登録商標))を用いて限界希釈法にてクローニングを行った。
CDH3全長発現CHOのクローン選抜は、抗c-Mycモノクローナル抗体(SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOY社)を用いたウェスタンブロット法により行い、その結果、発現量が高く、かつ増殖が良好なCDH3全長発現CHO細胞株(EXZ1501)を得た。EXZ1501の市販抗CDH3抗体(R&D SYSTEMS社)との反応をフローサイトメーターにより確認し、EXZ1501の細胞膜上にCDH3タンパク質が発現していることを確認した。
(1)可溶型CDH3タンパク質を免疫原としたモノクローナル抗体の作製
生理食塩水に溶解した50μgの可溶型CDH3タンパク質とTiter-MAX Gold(登録商標)(タイターマックス社)を等量混合し、MRL/lprマウス(日本エスエルシー株式会社)の腹腔内および皮下に注射する事により初回免疫を行った。2回目以降の免疫は同様に調製した25μgタンパク質量相当の可溶型CDH3タンパク質とTiter-MAX Goldを混合して腹腔内および皮下に注射することにより実施した。最終免疫から3日後にマウスから脾臓細胞を無菌的に調製し、常法に従って、ポリエチレングリコール法によりマウスミエローマ細胞SP2/O-Ag14あるいはP3-X63-Ag8.653との細胞融合を行った。
抗CDH3抗体の選抜は、全長CDH3を発現するCHO細胞株(EXZ1501)を用いたフローサイトメトリで行った。
すなわち、全長CDH3を発現するCHO細胞株(EXZ1501)を2mM EDTA-PBSで処理することで培養プレートから剥離後、1×106個/mLとなるようにFACS溶液に懸濁した。この細胞懸濁液を50μL/ウェルとなるように96ウェルプレートに播種し、ハイブリドーマ培養上清を加えて4℃で60分間反応させ、FACS溶液(200μL/ウェル)で2回洗浄した後、AlexaFluor488標識抗マウスIgG・ヤギF(ab’)2(インビトロジェン社)を加えて、4℃で30分間反応させた。その後FACS溶液で2回洗浄した後、フローサイトメトリを実施し、CDH3発現CHO細胞と結合する抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを選抜しPPMX2016~PPAT-052-28の40クローンを得た。選抜したハイブリドーマの全ては、CDH3発現CHO細胞(EXZ1501)およびNCI-H358と反応し、CHO細胞とは反応しないことをフローサイトメトリにより確認した。抗体は、ハイブリドーマの培養上清よりプロテインGカラムを用いて精製し以後の実験に用いた。選抜したハイブリドーマのうち、PPMX2016(NITE BP-897)、PPMX2025(NITE BP-898)、PPMX2029(NITE BP-899)、PPAT-052-02(NITE BP-1034)、PPAT-052-03(NITE BP-1035)、PPAT-052-09(NITE BP-1036)、PPAT-052-24(NITE BP-1037)、PPAT-052-25(NITE BP-1038)、PPAT-052-26(NITE BP-1039)及びPPAT-052-28(NITE BP-1040)を、2010年2月10日及び2011年1月18日に独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構特許微生物寄託センター(日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8)に寄託した。
(1)ヒトCDH3に対するマウスモノクローナル抗体のV領域をコードするDNAを次のようにクローン化した。マウスハイブリドーマ細胞から、細胞質に存在するRNAをGough,Rapid and quantitative preparation of cytoplasmic RNA from small numbers of cells,Analytical Biochemisty,173,p93-95(1988)に記載されている方法(ただし、この論文に記されている溶解緩衝液のかわりに別のTNE緩衝液25mM Tris-HCl,pH7.5;1%NP-40;150mM NaCl;1 mM EDTA,pH8.0を用いた)に従って単離した。具体的な操作方法としては、5×106個のハイブリドーマ細胞を200μLのTNE緩衝液に懸濁して細胞膜を溶解後、遠心により細胞核を除去した。得られた約200μL細胞質上清に200μLの抽出緩衝液(10mM Tris-HCl,pH7.5;0.35M NaCl;1%(w/v)SDS;10mM EDTA,pH8.0;7M 尿素)を加えた。この混合物をフェノールおよびクロロホルムで抽出し、得られたRNA溶液にキャリアとしてグリコーゲン(ロッシュ、Cat No.901393)を加えてから、エタノールで沈澱させた。次にRNA沈殿物を、細胞質RNA濃度が0.5~2μg/μLになるように10~50μLの滅菌蒸留水を加えて溶解した。
一本鎖cDNAを合成するため、前記のように調製した細胞質RNAの0.5~3μgを50mM Tris-HCl,pH8.3(室温);75mM KCl;3mM MgCl2;10mM DTT、100ngランダムプライマー、0.5mM dNTP、200ユニットのSuperscript II(逆転写酵素、インビトロジェン社)を含む20μL反応混合液を調製し、42°Cで50分間インキュベートした。このように合成したcDNAライブラリーをポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)法の鋳型として直接使用した。
実験に用いたプライマーはすべて北海道システムサイエンスで合成した。
「Phage Display -A Laboratory Manual-,Barbas Burton Scott Silverman」 PROTOCOL 9.5を参考にSense Primer 17種、Reverse Primer 3種を北海道システムサイエンスで合成した。
5’-GAY ATC CAG CTG ACT CAG CC -3’(縮重度2):配列番号5
5’-GAY ATT GTT CTC WCC CAG TC -3’(縮重度4):配列番号6
5’-GAY ATT GTG MTM ACT CAG TC -3’(縮重度8):配列番号7
5’ GAY ATT GTG YTR ACA CAG TC -3’(縮重度8):配列番号8
5’ GAY ATT GTR ATG ACM CAG TC -3’(縮重度8):配列番号9
5’ GAY ATT MAG ATR AMC CAG TC -3’(縮重度16):配列番号10
5’ GAY ATT CAG ATG AYD CAG TC -3’(縮重度12):配列番号11
5’ GAY ATY CAG ATG ACA CAG AC -3’(縮重度4):配列番号12
5’ GAY ATT GTT CTC AWC CAG TC -3’(縮重度4):配列番号13
5’ GAY ATT GWG CTS ACC CAA TC -3’(縮重度8):配列番号14
5’ GAY ATT STR ATG ACC CAR TC -3’(縮重度16):配列番号15
5’ GAY RTT KTG ATG ACC CAR AC -3’(縮重度16):配列番号16
5’ GAY ATT GTG ATG ACB CAG KC -3’(縮重度12):配列番号17
5’ GAY ATT GTG ATA ACY CAG GA -3’(縮重度4):配列番号18
5’ GAY ATT GTG ATG ACC CAG WT -3’(縮重度4):配列番号19
5’ GAY ATT GTG ATG ACA CAA CC -3’(縮重度2):配列番号20
5’ GAY ATT TTG CTG ACT CAG TC -3’(縮重度2):配列番号21
J1/J2アンチセンスプライマー(1)
5’-GGS ACC AAR CTG GAA ATM AAA -3’(縮重度:8):配列番号22
J4アンチセンスプライマー(2)
5’-GGG ACA AAG TTG GAA ATA AAA -3’:配列番号23
J5アンチセンスプライマー(3)
5’-GGG ACC AAG CTG GAG CTG AAA -3’:配列番号24
J1/J2,J4,J5アンチセンスプライマー混合物(4)
VKセンス(シグナルペプチド部分)
このプライマーはノバジェン社のマウスIg-プライマーセット(Novagen;Merck,Cat.No.69831-3)を元に制限酵素部位を除去するように塩基配列を改変した。
Aセットセンスプライマー
5’-ATGRAGWCACAKWCYCAGGTCTTT -3’:配列番号25
Bセットセンスプライマー
5’-ATGGAGACAGACACACTCCTGCTAT -3’:配列番号26
Cセットセンスプライマー
5’-ATGGAGWCAGACACACTSCTGYTATGGGT -3’:配列番号27
Dセットセンスプライマー(下記2種類のプライマーの混合物を使用)
5’-ATGAGGRCCCCTGCTCAGWTTYTTGGIWTCTT -3’:配列番号28
5’-ATGGGCWTCAAGATGRAGTCACAKWYYCWGG -3’:配列番号29
Eセットセンスプライマー(下記3種類のプライマーの混合物を使用)
5’-ATGAGTGTGCYCACTCAGGTCCTGGSGTT -3’:配列番号30
5’-ATGTGGGGAYCGKTTTYAMMCTTTTCAATTG -3’:配列番号31
5’-ATGGAAGCCCCAGCTCAGCTTCTCTTCC -3’:配列番号32
Fセットセンスプライマー(下記4種類のプライマーの混合物を使用)
5’-ATGAGIMMKTCIMTTCAITTCYTGGG -3’:配列番号33
5’-ATGAKGTHCYCIGCTCAGYTYCTIRG -3’:配列番号34
5’-ATGGTRTCCWCASCTCAGTTCCTTG -3’:配列番号35
5’-ATGTATATATGTTTGTTGTCTATTTCT -3’:配列番号36
Gセットセンスプライマー(下記4種類のプライマーの混合物を使用)
5’-ATGAAGTTGCCTGTTAGGCTGTTGGTGCT -3’:配列番号37
5’-ATGGATTTWCARGTGCAGATTWTCAGCTT -3’:配列番号38
5’-ATGGTYCTYATVTCCTTGCTGTTCTGG -3’:配列番号39
5’-ATGGTYCTYATVTTRCTGCTGCTATGG -3’:配列番号40
KVLアンチセンスプライマー
ACTGGATGGTGGGAAGATGGA:配列番号41
5’末端においてマウスH鎖シグナル部分(4セットプライマー)と相同性を有するプライマーと3’末端においてKC部分と相同性を有するプライマー、あるいは、5’末端においてFR1部分と相同性を有する1セットのプライマーと3’末端においてマウスH鎖の定常領域(IGHC)と相同性を有する2種類のプライマーセットを用いてポリメラーゼ連鎖反応により、該cDNAからマウス免疫グロブリンH鎖可変域DNAを単離した。プライマー配列は次のとおりであった。
VHセンス(シグナル部分:4セットプライマー)
このプライマーはCurrent Protocols in Immunology(John Wiley and Sons,Inc.),Unit 2.12 Cloning,Expression,and Modification of Antibody V RegionsのTable 2.12.2を参考にした。
5’- ATG GRA TGS AGC TGK GTM ATS CTC TT -3’(縮重度:32):配列番号42
5’-ATG RAC TTC GGG YTG AGC TKG GTT TT -3’(縮重度:8):配列番号43
5’-ATG GCT GTC TTG GGG CTG CTC TTC T -3’:配列番号44
5’-ATG GRC AGR CTT ACW TYY -3’(縮重度:32):配列番号45
VHセンス(FR1部分)
このプライマーはTanら、”Superhumanized”Antibodies:Reduction of Immunogenic Potential by Complementarity-Determining Region Grafting with Human Germline Sequences:Application to an Anti-CD281,Journal of Immunology 169(2002)p1119-1125のセンスプライマーの塩基配列を改変してデザインした。
5’-SAG GTS MAR CTK SAG SAG TCW GG -3’(縮重度:256):配列番号46
VHアンチセンス(3,4に共通のアンチセンスプライマー)
マウスIgGすべてのアイソフォームとアニーリングできるように塩基配列を縮重してデザインした。
5’-CAS CCC CAT CDG TCT ATC C -3’(縮重度:6):配列番号47
キメラ抗CDH3免疫グロブリン発現ベクターの作製
発現プラスミドの作製:DNA Engine(Peltier Thermal Cycler,MJ Research,Bio-Rad)を用いたPCR法により抗CDH3マウスモノクローナル抗体L鎖、H鎖それぞれの可変領域を実施例4に示したプライマーを用いて増幅した。増幅したDNAフラグメントはサブクローニングベクターpGEM(プロメガ社)に組み込んで、このベクターのT7,SP6プロモーターに結合するユニバーサルプライマーを用いて塩基配列を決定した。得られた抗CDH3抗体のL鎖、および、H鎖の可変域塩基配列をIMGT/V-QUEST Search page(http://imgt.cines.fr/IMGT_vquest/vquest?livret=0&Option=mouseIg)で検索し、確かに抗体遺伝子がクローニングできていることを確認した。
次に、クローン化された抗CDH3抗体L鎖のV領域をコードする遺伝子にはヒトCκ領域をコードする遺伝子を、H鎖のV領域をコードする遺伝子にはヒトCκ1領域をコードする遺伝子をそれぞれ接続した遺伝子をデザインして、これらL鎖、H鎖キメラ抗体遺伝子をGenScript社によって全長人工合成した。その際、生産細胞での遺伝子発現が有利になるようにコドン使用頻度の最適化(Kimら、Codon optimization for high-level expression of human erythropoietin(EPO)in mammalian cells,Gene,199,1997,p293-301の方法に従った)を行なった。具体的には、L鎖の場合、効率的な翻訳のために必須のDNA配列(Kozak,M.,J.,At least six nucleotides preceding the AUG initiator codon enhance translation in mammalian cells.J.Mol.Biol.196,p947-950,1987)、マウスIGKVのシグナルペプチド、抗CDH3抗体のL鎖のV領域、ヒトCκ領域の順に遺伝子を並列し、その両端には制限酵素部位(5’側にNheI,3’側にEcoRI)を付加した。キメラH鎖も同様に作製した。これら人工合成遺伝子をNheIとEcoRIで切断し、発現ベクターpCAGGSのNheIとEcoRI部位に組み込み、抗CDH3キメラ抗体L鎖発現ベクターpCAGGS-IGK,H鎖発現ベクターpCAGGS-IGHを得た。
遺伝子操作された抗体遺伝子をCHO細胞を用いて高レベルで発現させるために、CMVプロモーター配列に連結し、ポリAシグナルを有したジヒドロフォレートレダクターゼ(dhfr)遺伝子を組み込んだ発現ベクターを作製した。
キメラ抗体の安定発現生産細胞株をつくるために、dhfr遺伝子を組み込んだpCAGGS発現ベクターを作製した。具体的には、一過性の発現ベクターであるpCAGGS-IGH、および、pCAGGS-IGKに、CMVプロモーターとポリAシグナルを有したdhfr遺伝子を組み込むことである。CMVプロモーター、Kozak配列をもつマウスdhfr遺伝子、SV40ポリAシグナルをそれぞれPCR法によって増幅し、これらの遺伝子の混合物をPCR法で接続するとともに両端にHindIII部位を付加して、HindIII-CMVプロモーター-Kozak-dhfr-ポリA-HindIIIという遺伝子フラグメントを得た。このフラグメントをpCAGGS-IGH、あるいは、pCAGGS-IGKのHindIII部位に組み込んでpCAGGS-IGH-CMVp-dhfr-A、および、pCAGGS-IGK-CMVp-dhfr-Aを得た。これらの発現ベクターはキメラ抗体をCAGプロモーターで、dhfr遺伝子をCMVプロモーターで発現させることができ、効率的に遺伝子増幅を利用してキメラ抗体を生産することができる。
CHO dhfr-細胞(G.Urlaubら、Isolation of Chinese hamster cell mutants deficient in dihydrofolate reductase activity,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 77,p4216-4220,1980)を用いて、2種類のプラスミド(アンピシリン耐性遺伝子内のPvuIでプラスミドを切断して環状プラスミドから線状プラスミドにした)すなわち、キメラ抗CDH3L鎖を発現するためのpCAGGS-IGK-CMV-dhfr-Aベクター、および、キメラ抗CDH3H鎖を発現するためのpCAGGS-IGH-CMV-dhfr-Aベクターにより同時形質転換した。エレクトロポレーションはロンザ社製のAmaxaでおこなった。DNA(L鎖、H鎖各プラスミドにつき2μg/試料)を3×103細胞の0.1mLのAmaxaエレクトロポレーションCHO用緩衝液に加えてパルスを与えた。
培養上清よりprotein Aを用いて抗体の精製を行い、精製抗体を取得した。
競合法を用いて、マウス及びキメラ抗CDH3抗体親和性の比較を行った。競合法による抗CDH3抗体の親和性の測定は、CDH3が高発現であると確認されている癌細胞NCI-H358株を用いたフローサイトメトリ(BD社 FACS Calibur)で行った。
Alexa488標識抗体(1μg/mL)のみと反応させた細胞のGEO Mean値と比較して、得られたGEO Mean値よりAlexa488標識抗体の結合阻害率を計算した。50%阻害を示す抗体濃度を算出し、比較を行った。
マウス抗体であるPPMX2016と、そのキメラ抗体であるPPAT-052-27cの親和性評価の結果を図1に示す。両者の親和性には殆ど差がなかった。
(1)抗体へのDOTAの結合
抗体を緩衝液(50mMBicine-NaOH、150mM NaCl、pH8.5)に溶解し、抗体濃度を10mg/mLに調整した。一方で、イソチオシアノベンジルDOTA(Macrocyclics社製 B-205))を、DMSOに10mg/mLの濃度になる様に溶解した。抗体とDOTAのモル比が1:1(仕込比1:1)、1:3(仕込比1:3)または1:10(仕込比1:10)となるように混合、撹拌し、25℃で17時間静置した。反応終了後、脱塩カラム(PD-10、GEヘルスケア社製 17-0435-01)でPBSを用いて精製した。使用抗体はPPMX2016、PPMX2025、PPMX2029、PPAT-052-27c、PPAT-052-28cのいずれかである。
キレート滴定法により、抗体のキレート導入率を測定した。予め、修飾抗体のタンパク質濃度を常法により測定し、IgGの分子量から修飾抗体のモル数を算出した。原子吸光分析法により定量された1mg/mLの標準銅溶液100μLに、0.776mgのアルセナゾIII試薬と3mLの金属を含有しない5M酢酸アンモニウム(シグマアルドリッチ社製)溶液を加え、さらに超純水を加えて最終容量を10mLとし暗所にて室温保存しアルセナゾIII溶液とした。DOTAを超純水に溶解しDOTA標準液とした。修飾抗体を超純水に溶解し修飾抗体溶液とした。DOTA標準液又は修飾抗体溶液10μLとアルセナゾIII溶液190μLを混和し37℃で30分間インキュベーションした後に波長630nmにおける吸光度を測定した。DOTA標準液の吸光度から標準曲線を作成し、修飾抗体に結合したDOTAの数を算出しDOTA平均修飾数とした。
(i)67Ga、111In標識
精製したPPMX2016、PPMX2025、PPMX2029、PPAT-052-27c抗体およびPPAT-052-28c抗体を6mg/mLとなるように緩衝液(0.25M 酢酸アンモニウム-HCl pH5.5)に溶解し、67GaCl3溶液(富士フイルムRIファーマ社製)或いは111InCl3溶液(MDS Nordion Inc.社製)を加えて45℃、1時間インキュベートした。
(ii)90Y標識
精製したPPMX2029、PPAT-052-27c抗体を6mg/mLとなるように緩衝液(0.25M 酢酸アンモニウム-HCl pH5.5)に溶解し、90YCl3溶液(nuclitec社製)を加えて45℃、1時間インキュベートした。
(iii)標識率の確認
標識反応液の一部をサンプリングし、薄層クロマトグラフィー(PALL社製、61885)を用いて標識率を確認した。展開溶媒を生理食塩水とし、ストリップの上端と下端の放射活性をγ-カウンターを用いて測定し標識率を以下の式により算出した。
PPMX2016、PPMX2025、PPMX2029について、キレート導入率の差による体内動態の違いを検討した。キレート導入率はDOTA仕込比1:1、1:3、1:10の3通りについて検討を行った。
まず、NCI-H358を10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地中で培養し、ヌードマウス(メス、7週齢、日本クレア)の右腹側部皮下に1×107個/マウスとなるように移植し平均腫瘍体積が100~150mm3になるまで飼育した。
次に、NCI-H358移植マウスに67Ga-DOTA-PPMX2016抗体(仕込比1:3、1:10)、67Ga-DOTA-PPMX2025抗体(仕込比1:3、1:10)、67Ga-DOTA-PPMX2029抗体(仕込比1:3、1:10)を370kBq/匹となるよう投与した。
投与後96時間が経過した時点で屠殺、解剖を行って組織および腫瘍を摘出し、組織および腫瘍の重量を測定した後にγ-カウンターにより放射活性を測定し以下の式により%ID/gを算出した。
キメラ抗体PPAT-052-27c及びPPAT-052-28cについて、体内動態を検討した。
まず、NCI-H1373を10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地中で培養し、ヌードマウス(メス、9週齢、日本クレア)の右腹側部皮下に4×106個/マウスとなるように移植し平均体積が100~150mm3になるまで飼育した。
次に、NCI-H1373移植マウスに111In-DOTA-PPAT-052-27c(仕込み比1:3)及び111In-DOTA-PPAT-052-28c(仕込み比1:3)を370kBq/匹となるよう投与した。
投与後48時間ないし96時間が経過した時間で屠殺、解剖を言って組織及び腫瘍を摘出し、組織及び腫瘍の重量を測定した後にγ-カウンターにより放射活性を測定し、%ID/gを算出した。
結果を図9~図11に示す。PPAT-052-27cにおいては投与後48時間で腫瘍への集積が46%ID/gと高い集積を示した。また、PPAT-052-28cでは、48時間後で41%ID/g、96時間後で52%ID/gと高い集積を示した。
NCI-H358を10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地用いて培養し、ヌードマウス(メス、7週齢、日本クレア)の右腹側部皮下に1×107個/マウスとなるように移植した。
NCI-H358移植マウスを6群に分け(n=8)、90Y-DOTA-PPMX2029抗体(仕込比1:3)を7.4MBq/匹、5.6MBq/匹、3.7MBq/匹、1.9MBq/匹投与した。対照として未標識PPMX2029を80μg/匹、生理的食塩水を100μL/匹を投与した。投与は、いずれの群においても平均腫瘍体積が100~150mm3となった時点で行った。
投与後、週2回(3日または4日毎)体重と腫瘍体積の測定を行い、投与後51日目まで観察を行った。
また、NCI-H1373を10%FBS含有RPMI1640培地用いて培養し、ヌードマウス(メス、7週齢、日本クレア)の右腹側部皮下に5×106個/マウスとなるように移植した。
NCI-H1373移植マウスを4群に分け(n=8)、90Y-DOTA-PPAT-052-27c抗体(仕込比1:3)を5.6MBq/匹、3.7MBq/匹投与した。対照として未標識PPMX2029を60μg/匹、生理的食塩水を100μL/匹を投与した。投与は、いずれの群においても平均腫瘍体積が100~150mm3となった時点で行った。
投与後、週2回(3日または4日毎)体重と腫瘍体積の測定を行い、投与後26日目まで観察を行った。
試験結果を図13に示す。90Y-DOTA-PPAT-052-27c抗体(仕込比1:3)は、放射活性と正比例する抗腫瘍効果を示した。
癌臨床検体でのCDH3タンパク質の発現を確認するため、癌検体組織アレイで免疫染色を行った。
癌細胞組織アレイは、上海芯超生物科技有限公司社(Shanghai Outdo Biotech Co.,Ltd.)製の、膵癌(腺癌)、肺癌(腺癌)、肺癌(扁平上皮癌)および大腸癌(腺癌)を使用した。
各組織アレイスライドを脱パラフィン処理し、10mMTris 1mM EDTA(pH9.0)で95℃40分賦活化を行った。ENVISION+Kit(Dako社)付属のブロッキング試薬にて内在性ペルオキシダーゼの不活性化を行った後、抗CDH3抗体610227(BD BIOSCIENCE社)、およびネガティブコントロールとして抗HBs抗体Hyb-3423と5μg/mLの濃度で4℃一晩反応させた。抗体溶液を洗い流した後に、ENVISION+Kit付属のポリマー二次抗体試薬と室温30分間反応させた。ENVISION+Kit付属の発色試薬にて発色を行い、ヘマトキシリンエオジン溶液にて核染色を行った。
図14に結果を示す。癌細胞は抗CDH3抗体で染色され正常細胞は染色されなかった。
Claims (27)
- 放射性金属元素が金属キレート試薬を介して抗カドヘリン抗体に結合してなる、放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体が、配列番号2の1-655部分に結合することができるものである請求項1記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である請求項1又は2記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体が、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体およびヒト抗体からなる群から選択されるものである請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体が、寄託番号NITE BP-897、NITE BP-898、NITE BP-899、NITE BP-1034、NITE BP-1035、NITE BP-1036、NITE BP-1037、NITE BP-1038、NITE BP-1039、NITE BP-1040、NITE BP-1041、NITE BP-1042、NITE BP-1043、NITE BP-1044、NITE BP-1045、NITE BP-1046、NITE BP-1047、NITE BP-1048、NITE BP-1049またはNITE BP-1050である抗体産生細胞により生産されるモノクローナル抗体もしくはその遺伝子組み換え抗体またはいずれかのフラグメントである請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体が、寄託番号NITE BP-897、NITE BP-898、NITE BP-899、NITE BP-1034、NITE BP-1035、NITE BP-1036、NITE BP-1037、NITE BP-1038、NITE BP-1039またはNITE BP-1040である抗体産生細胞により生産されるモノクローナル抗体もしくはその遺伝子組み換え抗体またはいずれかのフラグメントである請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体が、請求項6に記載のモノクローナル抗体を改変して作られたキメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体またはその断片である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体が、請求項6に記載のモノクローナル抗体のVH及び/またはVLドメインのアミノ酸配列と90%以上の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなるVH及び/またはVLドメインを有する抗体またはその断片である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 金属キレート試薬が、イソチオシアノベンジルDOTA、メチルイソチオシアノベンジルDTPA、シクロヘキシルイソチオシアノベンジルDTPAからなる群より選択されるものである請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体と金属キレート試薬のモル比が1:0.1~1:4.5である請求項1~9のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 抗カドヘリン抗体と金属キレート試薬のモル比が1:0.5~1:3である請求項1~9のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 放射性金属元素が、癌治療として用いられる細胞障害性放射性金属である請求項1~11のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 細胞障害性放射性金属が、イットリウム90(90Y)、レニウム186(186Re)、レニウム188(188Re)、銅67(67Cu)、鉄59(59Fe)、ストロンチウム89(89Sr)、金198(198Au)、ジスプロシウム165(165Dy)、ルテニウム103(103Ru)、ホルミウム166(166Ho)、サマリウム153(153Sm)及びルテチウム177(177Lu)からなる群から選択されるものである請求項12記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 細胞障害性放射性金属が、イットリウム90(90Y)である請求項12又は13記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 癌治療の対象がカドヘリンを発現する癌である請求項12~14のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 放射性金属元素が、癌診断として用いられる細胞非障害性放射性金属である請求項1~11のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 細胞非障害性放射性金属が、テクネシウム99m(99mTc)、インジウム111(111In)、インジウム113m(113mIn)、ガリウム67(67Ga)、ガリウム68(68Ga)、タリウム201(201Tl)、コバルト57(57Co)、ストロンチウム85(85Sr)及び銅64(64Cu)からなる群から選択されるものである請求項16記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 細胞非障害性放射性金属が、インジウム111(111In)及びガリウム67(67Ga)から選択されるものである請求項16又は17記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 請求項12~15のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体を有効成分とする癌治療薬。
- 請求項16~18のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体を有効成分とする癌診断薬。
- 寄託番号NITE BP-897、NITE BP-898、NITE BP-899、NITE BP-1034、NITE BP-1035、NITE BP-1036、NITE BP-1037、NITE BP-1038、NITE BP-1039、NITE BP-1040、NITE BP-1041、NITE BP-1042、NITE BP-1043、NITE BP-1044、NITE BP-1045、NITE BP-1046、NITE BP-1047、NITE BP-1048、NITE BP-1049、またはNITE BP-1050として寄託された抗体産生細胞。
- 癌治療に用いるための、請求項12~15のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 癌診断に用いるための、請求項16~18のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体。
- 請求項12~15のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体の、癌治療薬製造のための使用。
- 請求項16~18のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体の、癌診断薬製造のための使用。
- 請求項12~15のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体の有効量を投与することを特徴とする癌の治療方法。
- 請求項16~18のいずれか1項記載の放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体の有効量を投与することを特徴とする癌の癌診断方法。
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AU2011215267A AU2011215267B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Radioactive metal-labeled anti-cadherin antibody |
EP11742267.5A EP2535358B1 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Radioactive metal-labeled anti-cadherin antibody |
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PL11742267T PL2535358T3 (pl) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Przeciwciało przeciwko kadherynie znakowane radioaktywnym metalem |
SG2012059457A SG183272A1 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Radioactive metal-labeled anti-cadherin antibody |
KR1020127020785A KR101900110B1 (ko) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | 방사성 금속 표지 항카드헤린 항체 |
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ES11742267.5T ES2656168T3 (es) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Anticuerpo anti cadherina marcado con un metal radioactivo |
BR112012020116A BR112012020116B8 (pt) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Anticorpo anti-p-caderina marcado com metal radioativo, agente terapêutico contra o câncer e agente de diagnóstico de câncer que compreendem o dito anticorpo, hibridoma, bem como usos do mesmo para produzir um agente terapêutico contra o câncer e um agente de diagnóstico de câncer |
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DK11742267.5T DK2535358T3 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | RADIOACTIVE METAL LABELED ANTI-CADHERINE ANTIBODY |
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SI201131433T SI2535358T1 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Anti-cadherin antibody, labeled with radioactive metal |
US13/578,462 US8815211B2 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Radioactive metal-labeled anti-cadherin antibody |
JP2011553868A JP5380553B2 (ja) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | 放射性金属標識抗カドヘリン抗体 |
CN201180009219.2A CN102892787B (zh) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | 放射性金属标记抗钙粘素抗体 |
RU2012138459/10A RU2577125C2 (ru) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Меченное радиоактивным металлом антитело против кадгерина |
HRP20180293TT HRP20180293T1 (hr) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-02-09 | Anti-kadherin antitijelo obilježeno radioaktivnim metalom |
US14/307,589 US20140328754A1 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2014-06-18 | Radioactive metal-labeled anti-cadherin antibody |
CY20181100297T CY1120012T1 (el) | 2010-02-10 | 2018-03-12 | Αντισωμα καντερινης επισημασμενο με ραδιενεργο μεταλλο |
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