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WO2011095122A1 - 循环流化床锅炉 - Google Patents

循环流化床锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011095122A1
WO2011095122A1 PCT/CN2011/070783 CN2011070783W WO2011095122A1 WO 2011095122 A1 WO2011095122 A1 WO 2011095122A1 CN 2011070783 W CN2011070783 W CN 2011070783W WO 2011095122 A1 WO2011095122 A1 WO 2011095122A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
furnace
fluidized bed
circulating fluidized
bed boiler
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/070783
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
聂立
苏虎
巩李明
黄敏
霍锁善
杨虎
杨雪芬
周棋
Original Assignee
东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 filed Critical 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司
Publication of WO2011095122A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011095122A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, in particular to a super large circulating fluidized bed boiler suitable for 660 MW, 1000 MW and above.
  • CFB combustion technology is a clean combustion technology with the advantages of good fuel adaptability, high efficiency, and low pollutant emissions.
  • CFB boiler technology has developed rapidly and has continued to grow in size. With the development of large-scale, CFB boilers face the problem of increasing capacity.
  • the increase of boiler capacity is mainly achieved by the increase of the heating surface.
  • the circulating fluidized bed boiler has a large area of heated area during the process of large-scale heating. The problem that is difficult to solve, or even if it is solved, brings many other problems.
  • the main part of the existing single-panel windplate furnace has a rectangular cross section, and its cross section is as shown in Fig. 1.
  • One side of the furnace 1 is arranged with a cyclone separator 3, and the secondary air 2 is distributed on both sides of the furnace 1 and is enlarged.
  • the furnace area it is limited by the secondary air permeability, which determines that the size of the furnace in the secondary air direction cannot be too large, and this size is often limited to 10 m. Therefore, furnace amplification can only be achieved by increasing its width. This brings about two problems: (1) The boiler's width-to-depth ratio is out of adjustment, causing the boiler to occupy an excessively large area.
  • the fuel feeding system arranged along the width of the furnace is difficult to cooperate, and the boiler economy is poor; (2) The furnace circumference is fast. Increase, the average mass flow rate of the water wall is reduced, and the safety of the boiler is reduced; (3) The size of the furnace is too large in one direction, which causes the temperature field and the flow field in the furnace to be uneven, which reduces the performance of the boiler. Moreover, the single air distribution device is limited by the oxygen supply and the aspect ratio of the air distribution plate, and the area cannot be too large, so it is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale development of fluidized combustion boilers. In order to solve this problem, the prior art provides a furnace with double air panels, the cross section of which is shown in the figure
  • the double-disc windplate furnace 1 has a middle partition wall 4 in the furnace, and the auxiliary system is located at the outer periphery of the furnace.
  • the double-disc windplate furnace is larger in size in the secondary air direction than the single-winding furnace, and can be done. It is about 16m, but there are still the above limitations when it is necessary to further expand the boiler capacity, and the following problems still exist: (1) The lower part of the furnace is divided into two separate parts. When the boiler is running, there are two parts of the pressure imbalance, and the pressure fluctuates drastically. (2) The circumference of the furnace is occupied by the flue opening of the separation device. The radiation heating surface in the furnace can only be placed between the opening of the flue, which makes it difficult to increase the radiation heating surface in the furnace.
  • the existing double-disc plate furnace boiler technology usually increases the heat exchange area by adding an external heat exchanger, but the addition of the external heat exchanger will bring the whole boiler system to be complicated, the boiler operation control is difficult, and the boiler reliability is poor. .
  • the double air distribution device is divided into two separate parts. During operation, the pressure of the two air distribution devices cannot be naturally balanced, which brings difficulties to the stable and safe operation of the boiler.
  • the disclosed double-disc wind deflector must use complicated adjustment means to meet the boiler operation. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a circulating fluidized bed boiler which is structurally sound and suitable for use in a large capacity boiler in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler comprising a furnace, characterized in that the furnace comprises an inner wall and an outer wall, the outer wall surrounding the inner wall, and the annular space between the inner wall and the outer wall forming the inside of the furnace.
  • the inner wall and the outer wall have a cross section of a polygon having a side number > 4, and each inner angle is greater than 90 degrees.
  • the flue gas opening on the grate is disposed on the outer wall.
  • the radiation heating surface in the furnace is disposed on the inner wall.
  • the inner wall and the outer wall have a cross section of two circles, which are formed by superposing an inner circle and an outer circle.
  • the radiation heating surface is a screen heat absorption surface
  • the screen heat absorption surface is a planar heat exchange element formed by connecting a pipe and a steel plate.
  • annular air distribution plate is provided between the inner wall and the bottom of the outer wall.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
  • the annular furnace can enlarge the furnace area at the same time in different directions, effectively overcoming the increase of the single direction dimension of the existing furnace, and the deviation of the width and depth ratios: (1) the furnace circumference is fast Increase, the average mass flow rate of the water wall decreases; (2) The size of the furnace is too large in one direction, causing the temperature field and the flow field to be unevenly hooked in the furnace; (3) The boiler area is proliferating, the fuel feeding system is difficult to cooperate, and the boiler economy is poor. Wait a series of questions.
  • the annular hearth is a completely continuous furnace space that forms a whole. There is no risk of unbalanced pressure during the boiler operation and severe pressure fluctuations.
  • the cross section of the inner wall and the outer wall in the preferred technical solution of the present invention is a polygonal arrangement with a side number > 4, which can make the temperature field and the flow field distribution in the furnace are hooked, and is convenient for the auxiliary equipment such as the fuel feeding system to be evenly arranged around the boiler, if
  • the cross section of the inner wall and the outer wall is a two-concentric circle, which makes the temperature field and flow field distribution in the furnace more uniform, but the processing difficulty is higher than the former.
  • the structure in which the radiation heating surface is disposed on the inner wall has a large space arrangement on the inner wall, so that a sufficient heat exchange area can be obtained without using an external heat exchanger, thereby making the boiler system Simple and reliable.
  • the annular air distribution device can effectively increase the area of the air distribution plate, and the secondary air (air) can be sent inside the annular shape, thereby solving the problem of oxygen deficiency in the center of the air distribution plate.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art single-panel wind boiler.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art double-disc windplate boiler.
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the boiler of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the boiler of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a boiler in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a furnace and an auxiliary device, wherein the furnace includes an inner wall 22 and an outer wall 21, and the outer wall 21 surrounds the inner wall 22, the inner wall and The annular space 20 between the outer walls forms the interior of the annular furnace.
  • the boiler auxiliary equipment includes means 30 for introducing fluidizing air into the furnace, connected to the annular furnace, means 40 for feeding fuel or other materials into the furnace, and a flue gas and solid material separation device 50 for discharging the flue gas from the separator device.
  • the pipeline 60, the auxiliary equipment arrangement is basically the same as the prior art, and the fluidization and combustion reaction occurs in the annular furnace, and the fluidized combustion reaction process is basically the same as the disclosed circulating fluidized bed boiler process.
  • the annular furnace of the present embodiment can be easily increased in size in all directions, and is particularly suitable for super large circulating fluidized bed boilers of 660 MW, 1000 MW and above.
  • the inner wall 22 and the outer wall 21 are both equated with an equilateral octagon, and each side is internally and externally arranged correspondingly.
  • a preferred arrangement of the apparatus 30 for introducing fluidizing air into the furnace in the auxiliary apparatus is to use the structure of the annular distribution panel and the plenum.
  • the annular air distribution plate is formed by a closed outer edge and a closed inner edge, and is disposed between the inner and outer walls, wherein the outer edge may be a polygon having a side number > 4 or a closed circular shape, an elliptical shape or the like.
  • the primary air (air) for fluidization is introduced into the plenum, passes through the annular air distribution plate and enters the furnace of the boiler to fluidize the material in the furnace to support fluidized combustion.
  • the cyclone separator may be disposed on the outer periphery of the outer wall, and the smoke opening may be disposed on the outer wall.
  • the inner wall inner space can be arranged or vacant as needed.
  • a circulating fluidized bed boiler having a cross-sectional view as shown in Fig. 5, the furnace including an inner wall 22 and an outer wall 21, the outer wall 21 surrounding the inner wall 22, and a ring between the inner wall and the outer wall
  • the space 20 constitutes an inner portion of the annular furnace, and the separation device flue opening is on the outer ring wall surface 21, in the ring shape
  • a series of radiant heat receiving surfaces 70 are disposed on the inner wall 22 of the furnace.
  • the radiant heating surface method allows the furnace to be provided with a sufficient heating surface to meet the heat absorption requirement of the boiler, and the heating surface faces the separation device 50, and the smoke is opened.
  • the gas does not flush the radiation heating surface laterally, and can avoid the deformation of the radiation heating surface. It is an excellent method for arranging the radiation surface.
  • the radiant heat receiving surface 70 in this example may employ a screen type heat absorbing surface which is a planar heat exchange element formed by connecting a tube and a steel sheet.
  • the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above.
  • the invention extends to any new feature or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any novel method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Description

说 明 书 循环流化床锅炉
技术领域
本发明涉及循环流化床锅炉， 特别是一种适用于 660MW、 1000MW及其以上 等级的超大型循环流化床锅炉。
背景技术
循环流化床（CFB )燃烧技术是具有燃料适应性好， 效率高， 污染物排放少 等优点的洁净燃烧技术。 近几年， CFB锅炉技术发展迅速， 不断向大型化发展。 随着大型化发展， CFB锅炉面临增大容量问题。
锅炉容量的增加主要是通过受热面的增加来实现的， 但是由于锅炉炉膛受 热面积的增加和锅炉容量的增加不匹配，导致循环流化床锅炉在大型化的过程 中存在着受热面积的布置很难解决的问题， 或者是即使解决了， 又带来了其他 的很多问题。
现有的单布风板炉膛主体部分大多釆用矩形横截面， 其截面如图 1所示， 炉膛 1的一侧布置有旋风分离器 3 , 二次风 2分布在炉膛 1两侧， 在扩大炉膛 面积时， 会受到二次风穿透性的限制， 这决定了炉膛在二次风方向上尺寸不能 过大， 这个尺寸往往受限于 10m。 因此， 炉膛放大只能通过增大其宽度来实现。 由此带来两方面的问题： （1 )锅炉宽深比失调， 造成锅炉占地面积过大， 沿炉 膛宽度方向布置的燃料给送系统配合困难， 锅炉经济性差； （2 )炉膛周长快速 增加， 水冷壁平均质量流速降低， 降低锅炉安全性； （3 )炉膛一个方向尺寸过 大， 引发炉膛内温度场、 流场不均匀， 降低锅炉性能。 并且， 其中的单布风板 布风装置， 受到布风板中心供氧和长宽比的限制， 面积不能过大， 因此难以满 足流化燃烧锅炉大型化发展的需要。 为了解决这一问题， 现有技术中提供了一种双布风板的炉膛， 其截面如图
2所示， 双布风板炉膛 1在炉膛内具有中隔墙 4 , 辅助系统位于炉膛的外围， 双布风板炉膛在二次风方向上尺寸上比单布风板炉膛大一些，可以做到 16m左 右， 但在需要进一步扩大锅炉容量时仍存在上述限制， 并且还存在以下问题： ( 1 ) 炉膛下部被分成独立的两部分， 锅炉运行时存在两部分压力不均衡， 压 力剧烈波动导致 "翻床" 的风险； （2 )炉膛四周被分离装置烟道开口占用， 炉 膛内辐射受热面只能布置在烟道开口之间的位置，导致增加炉膛内辐射受热面 困难。现有的双布风板炉膛锅炉技术通常通过增设外置式换热器来增加换热面 积， 但增加外置式换热器又会带来整个锅炉系统复杂， 锅炉运行控制困难， 锅 炉可靠性差的问题。 并且， 其中的双布风板布风装置被分成独立的两个部分， 在运行时两个布风装置的压力无法自然平衡，给锅炉稳定、安全运行带来困难。 已经公开的双布风板布风装置必须釆用复杂的调节手段， 才能满足锅炉运行。 发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足， 提供一种结构合理、 适用于大容量 锅炉的循环流化床锅炉。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种循环流化床锅炉， 包括炉膛， 其特征在于， 所述炉膛包括内壁和外壁， 外壁包围在内壁外， 内壁和外壁之间的环形空间构成炉膛内部。
本发明的附加技术方案如下：
优选的， 所述的内壁和外壁的横截面是边数 >4的多边形， 并且每个内角大 于 90度。
优选地， 炉膛上的烟气开口设置在外壁上。
优选地， 炉膛内的辐射受热面设置在内壁上。
优选地， 所述的内壁和外壁的横截面是两个圓， 由内圓和外圓叠加而成。 优选地， 所述辐射受热面是屏式吸热面， 该屏式吸热面是由管子和钢板连 接而成的平面换热元件。
优选地， 在内壁和外壁底部之间还设有环形的布风板。
本发明的有益效果是： 环形炉膛放大炉膛面积时在各个方向尺寸能够同时 增加， 有效克服了已有公开的炉膛单个方向尺寸增加， 宽度、 深度比值失调所 导致的： （1 )炉膛周长快速增加， 水冷壁平均质量流速降低； ( 2 )炉膛一个方 向尺寸过大， 引发炉膛内温度场、 流场不均勾； （3 )锅炉占地面积激增， 燃料 给送系统配合困难，锅炉经济性差等一系列问题。环形炉膛是一个完全贯通的、 形成一个整体的炉膛空间， 不存在锅炉运行时压力不均衡、 压力剧烈波动 "翻 床" 的风险。
本发明优选技术方案中的内壁和外壁的横截面是边数〉 4的多边形设置， 可 以使炉膛内温度场、 流场分布均勾， 方便于燃料给送系统等辅助设备围绕锅炉 均匀布置， 如果釆用内壁和外壁的横截面是两个同心的圓的方式， 会使炉膛内 温度场、 流场分布更为均匀， 但工艺加工难度要比前者高。
本发明的优选技术方案中将辐射受热面布置在内壁上的结构， 由于内壁上 有大量的空间布置， 因此可以不釆用外置式换热器即可获得足够的换热面积， 从而使锅炉系统简单、 可靠。
在本发明的一些实施例中釆用环形的布风装置可以有效地增大布风板面 积， 在环形的内侧可以送入二次风（空气）， 解决了布风板中心缺氧的问题， 附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明， 其中：
图 1是现有技术单布风板锅炉的横截面图。
图 2是现有技术双布风板锅炉的横截面图。
图 3是本发明实施例锅炉的主视图。
图 4是图 3所示锅炉的横截面图。 图 5是本发明另一实施例锅炉的横截面图。 具体实施方式
本发明的具体实施例， 如图 3和图 4所示， 一种循环流化床锅炉， 包括炉 膛和辅助设备， 其中炉膛包括内壁 22和外壁 21 , 外壁 21包围在内壁 22夕卜， 内壁和外壁之间的环形空间 20构成环形的炉膛内部。 锅炉辅助设备包括与环 形炉膛连接将流化空气引入炉膛的装置 30, 用于将燃料或其他物料送入炉膛 的装置 40, 烟气和固体物料分离装置 50, 将烟气从分离器装置中排出的管道 60、 这些辅助设备设置与现有技术基本相同， 在环形炉膛内发生流态化、 燃烧 反应，该流态化燃烧反应的工艺过程和已公开的循环流化床锅炉工艺过程基本 相同。 本实施例的环形炉膛方便在各个方向尺寸能够同时增加， 特别适用于 660MW, 1000MW及其以上等级的超大型循环流化床锅炉。 本例中为了使锅炉内 的温度场、 流场分布均勾， 内壁 22和外壁 21均釆用等边八边形， 并且每条边 内外——对应设置。
在本例中，辅助设备中与环形炉膛连接将流化空气引入炉膛的装置 30的一 种优选方式是釆用环形布风板和风室的结构。环形布风板由闭合的外边和闭合 内边构成的环形， 设置在内外壁之间， 其中外边可是边数 > 4的多边形或闭合 的圓形、 椭圓形或其他形状。 流化用的一次风（空气）被引入风室， 通过环形 布风板后进入锅炉的炉膛， 流化炉膛内的物料， 支持流化燃烧。
在上述实施例中， 为了布置辅助设备方便， 可以将旋风分离器布置在外壁 外围， 烟气开口设置在外壁上。 内壁内部空间可以根据需要布置设备或空置。
本发明的另一实施例， 一种循环流化床锅炉， 其横截面图如图 5所示， 其 炉膛包括内壁 22和外壁 21 , 外壁 21包围在内壁 22外， 内壁和外壁之间的环 形空间 20构成环形的炉膛内部， 分离装置烟道开口在外环壁面 21上， 在环形 炉膛的内壁 22上布置有一系列辐射受热面 70, 这种布置辐射受热面方法使炉 膛内能布置足够的受热面， 满足锅炉吸热的需求， 并且受热面正对分离装置 50 烟气开口， 烟气不会横向冲刷辐射受热面， 能避免辐射受热面磨损变形， 是一种优秀地辐射受热面布置方法。 在本实例中的辐射受热面 70可以釆用屏 式吸热面， 该屏式吸热面是由管子和钢板连接而成的平面换热元件。
本说明书中公开的所有特征， 或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤， 除了互 相排斥的特征和 /或步骤以外， 均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书 （包括任何附加权利要求、 摘要和附图） 中公开的任一特征， 除 非特别叙述， 均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。 即， 除非 特别叙述， 每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
本发明并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。 本发明扩展到任何在本说明书中 披露的新特征或任何新的组合，以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何 新的组合。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种循环流化床锅炉， 包括炉膛， 其特征在于， 所述炉膛包括内壁和外壁， 外壁包围在内壁外， 内壁和外壁之间的环形空间构成炉膛内部。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的循环流化床锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述的内壁和外壁 的横截面是边数〉 4的多边形， 并且每个内角大于 90度。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床锅炉， 其特征在于： 炉膛上的烟气 开口设置在外壁上。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的循环流化床锅炉， 其特征在于： 炉膛内的辐射受热 面设置在内壁上。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的循环流化床锅炉， 其特征在于： 炉膛内的辐射 受热面设置在内壁上。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的循环流化床锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述的内壁和 外壁的横截面是两个圓， 炉膛上的烟气开口沿周向设置在外壁上。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的循环流化床锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述辐射受热面是 屏式吸热面， 该屏式吸热面是由管子和钢板连接而成的平面换热元件。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的循环流化床锅炉， 其特征在于： 在内壁和外壁底部 之间还设有环形的布风板。
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