WO2011000309A1 - 葛根素在制备治疗p2x3介导的疼痛/神经系统疾病药物中的应用 - Google Patents
葛根素在制备治疗p2x3介导的疼痛/神经系统疾病药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011000309A1 WO2011000309A1 PCT/CN2010/074729 CN2010074729W WO2011000309A1 WO 2011000309 A1 WO2011000309 A1 WO 2011000309A1 CN 2010074729 W CN2010074729 W CN 2010074729W WO 2011000309 A1 WO2011000309 A1 WO 2011000309A1
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- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
Definitions
- puerarin in the preparation of drugs for treating P2X3-mediated pain/neurological diseases
- the present invention relates to the field use of analgesic drugs invention, particularly to the application may be used to control pain in the preparation of puerarin mediate pain P2X 3 / neurological disorders medicament.
- Pain is a common symptom of most diseases, and it is an unpleasant feeling that human beings share and vary greatly from person to person. Because pain causes great pain, according to the second issue of the International Association of Pain Associations in 2001, the United States passed a resolution of 106 Congress, announcing the decade from January 1, 2001 as "pain control and Decade of Pain Control and Research Bullet This shows the importance of pain research in various countries. According to the pain time course, pain can be divided into acute pain (physiological pain) and chronic pain (pathological pain). Chronic pain, including inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and cancer pain, is one of the most common clinical complaints. Because of the complex mechanism of chronic pain, its treatment has become a clinical problem. Neuropathic pain is caused by nervous system damage or disease.
- Pain syndrome often manifested as spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia to noxious stimuli such as mechanical, cold, and heat; neuropathic hyperalgesia such as tactile pain, painful inversion, and burning pain for non-noxious stimuli. Because chronic pain lasts for a long time and is harmful to people's physical and mental health, its research has become a hot spot and focus in the field of pain. Burns are serious Trauma, burn pain is also one of the most serious acute pain, inflammation caused by inflammation after inflammation. Pain is often the first reaction of burn patients, usually within 1 hour after burn, the wound has different degrees of pain or no obvious Pain, the pain thereafter is often affected by factors such as the depth of the burn, the stage of progression, the treatment, and the individual factors of the patient. The pain after burn is caused by the nociceptor of the skin at the burn site, accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. And caused by nerve damage, so its treatment needs to combine nociceptive treatment and neuropathological treatment.
- the terpenoid adenosine triphosphate acts as an important messenger substance involved in the transmission of pain signals.
- Purine receptors are divided into ⁇ 1 and Purine 2 (Purine 2; PI, P2) receptors, and ATP and its analogues act on P2 receptors.
- P2 receptors are classified into ligand-gated ion channel receptors (P2X receptors) and G protein-coupled receptors (P2Y receptors).
- P2X receptors ligand-gated ion channel receptors
- P2Y receptors G protein-coupled receptors
- British “Nature” magazine reported the role of ATP P2X 3 receptor (a subtype of P2X receptors) specifically in the afferent dorsal root ganglion neurons expressing clones.
- P2X 3 receptors are involved in the transmission of pain and nociceptive information in primary sensory neurons, which are primarily homomeric
- the P2X 3 receptor is involved in the transmission of pain and nociceptive information in primary sensory neurons.
- Knockout mice P2X 3 receptors reduces the two-phase reaction of formalin-induced pain test.
- the P2X 3 receptor mediates the pain transmission of neuropathic pain. When neuropathic pain was stimulated, the expression of P2X 3 receptor and P2X 3 mR A increased, and the gated channel current of P2X 3 receptor-mediated ATP activation in sensory neurons was significantly enhanced.
- P2X 3 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and RNA interference technology can down-regulate the P2X 3 receptor level in the dorsal root ganglia of rats with inflammatory pain, thereby significantly reducing the P2X 3 receptor agonist ⁇ , ⁇ -meATP and Foot injury response caused by formalin. These hair It now provides a new basis for the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Our previous study also showed that the applicant may cause burns dorsal root sensory neurons increase P2X 3 receptor expression. At present, foreign studies have been conducted to produce P23 ⁇ 4 receptor antagonists (such as R03) for clinical treatment of pain.
- opioid analgesics is still the most important pain treatment, including opioid analgesics, central non-opioid analgesics, peripheral anti-inflammatory analgesics and compound anti-inflammatory analgesics.
- side effects such as opioids such as respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and urinary retention are high, and long-term use is prone to drug tolerance and dependence and withdrawal syndrome caused by sudden withdrawal.
- Indometacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Its mechanism of action is to reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase.
- Puerarin is a kind of flavonoid glycoside extracted from the leguminous plants of kudzu and kudzu root. It is mainly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
- Literature report [Zhou Jun, Fang Suping, Qi Yun, et al. Effect of Schwarz Decoction on inflammatory mediators of arthritis fluid in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2001, 7(3): 29-31.
- Pueraria lobata which is the main drug of Radix Puerariae, has an anti-inflammatory effect.
- This literature suggests that puerarin extracted from Radix Puerariae may have anti-nociceptive effects and affect pain perception. However, there is no report that puerarin has analgesic effect directly. Clinically, no puerarin is used for pain treatment through analgesic mechanism. Report. Summary of the invention
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a first new use of puerarin, i.e., the use of puerarin for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of chronic pain, preferably neuropathic pain.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a second new use of puerarin, i.e., the use of puerarin for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of acute pain, preferably burn pain.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide puerarin third new use, i.e., puerarin purine as P2X 3 receptor antagonists in the prevention and treatment of pathophysiological mechanisms involving neurological diseases prepared P2X 3 receptor mediated medicament Applications.
- Puerarin can alleviate neuropathic pain (chronic pain) and pain (acute pain) behavioral responses in scalded rats.
- the mechanism of action of puerarin in the treatment of acute pain/chronic pain is to block the transmission of P23 ⁇ 4 receptor-mediated pain information and to prevent and treat pain.
- the use of puerarin will be demonstrated by experiments and results in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on neuropathic pain in rats
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the effect of mechanical sensitization on puerarin neuropathic pain rats
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on P2X 3 receptor immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia of rats with neuropathic pain, including A: sham operation group; B: puerarin group alone; C: chronic compression injury group of sciatic sac D: chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve + puerarin treatment group; E: normal group; F: sciatic nerve chronic compression injury + indomethacin treatment group;
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on the expression of P2X 3 receptor mRNA in dorsal root ganglia of rats with neuropathic pain, including A: sham operation group; B: puerarin group alone; C: chronic compression injury group of sciatic nerve; Chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve + puerarin group; E: normal group; F: chronic compression injury + indomethacin treatment group of sciatic nerve;
- Figure 5 shows P2X receptor agonist-activation current map of DRG neurons in each group, A : sham operation group; B: puerarin group alone; C: chronic compression injury group of sciatic nerve; D: chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve + puerarin group; E: normal group; F: chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve + indomethacin treatment group ;
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of HE stained pathological section x40 of superficial second degree burn skin
- Figure 7 is a photograph of immunohistochemistry of serial sections of rat skin specimens S-100 and P2X 3 , wherein A is a positive expression of nerve ending S-100; B is a photo of P2X 3 immunopositive expression of nerve endings, and the arrow is immunopositive Nerve ending
- Figure 8 is a photograph of the immunohistochemical expression of P2X 3 receptor in the skin nerve endings of burned rats, wherein A is the back skin pseudo-scalding group; B is the puerarin injection ten back skin shallow II °C scald group; C is the physiological saline ten back skin In the shallow II °C scald group, the arrow indicates the immunohistochemical positive nerve endings;
- Figure 9 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on heat pain in rats with scald pain
- Figure 10 is a graph showing the effect of mechanical sensitization on puerarin scald rats
- Figure 11 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on P2X 3 receptor immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia of rats with scald pain, including A: sham hot group; B: puerarin group alone; C: shallow II °C scald group; D: Super II °C scald + puerarin group; E: normal group: F: sciatic nerve chronic compression injury ten indomethacin treatment group:
- Figure 12 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on the expression of P23 ⁇ 4 receptor mRNA in dorsal root ganglia of rats with scald pain, including A: pseudo-scalding group; B: puerarin group alone; C: shallow II °C scald group; D: shallow II °C scald + puerarin group; E: normal group; F: sciatic nerve chronic compression injury + indomethacin treatment group;
- Figure 13 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on the expression of P2X 3 receptor protein in dorsal root ganglia of rats with scald pain.
- the experimental grouping sequence false hot group; normal control group; shallow IPC scald + puerarin group; shallow II °C burn Group; puerarin group alone; chronic compression injury + indomethacin treatment group of sciatic nerve;
- Figure 14 is a graph showing the effect of puerarin on the expression of P2X 3 receptor mRNA in dorsal root ganglia of rats with scald pain.
- the experimental grouping sequence normal control group; shallow II °C scald + puerarin group; shallow II °C scald group; Puerarin group alone; pseudo-scalding group; chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerve + indomethacin treatment group.
- the present invention uses puerarin for neuropathic pain (as a representative of chronic pain) and burn pain (as acute The role of pain) is explained as an example.
- mice Male SD rats, 220-250 g, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Science Department of Nanchang University Medical College. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 12 each. Experimental group: I (sham operation group) (sham); II (puerarin group) (; Puerarin); III (chronic compression injury group of sciatic nerve) (Chronic constriction injury, CCD; IV [chronic injury of sciatic nerve + Pueraria Treatment group) (CCI + puerarin); V (normal group) (control); VI (chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerve + indomethacin treatment group) (CCI + Indo;). Puerarin injection was dissolved in physiological saline at a concentration of 50 mg/ml.
- Group I was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (4 ml/kg) per day; group II was intraperitoneally injected with puerarin injection (4 ml/kg) per day; group (sham operation group) was opened to expose the sciatic nerve, and the skin was sutured without ligation.
- Group IV puerarin injection (4 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected on the first day after CCI.
- Group VI experimental rats were given intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin 4 mg/kg/d half an hour before surgery and daily after surgery, once a day until the end of the experiment.
- Pu Gensu, Shandong Fangming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. production batch number: 0804171; thiopental sodium, Shanghai Xinya Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (production batch number: 050101); SP kit, in situ hybridization kit and DAB kit (Beijing Zhongshan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); P2X 3 antibody was purchased from CHEMICON INTERNATIONAL, USA.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -methylene adenosine triphosphate ⁇ x, pmethylene ATP, oi, P-meATP
- DRG extracellular fluid preparation pH 7.4.
- Adenosine triphosphate (TNP-ATP), sigma, DRG extracellular fluid preparation, pH 7.4.
- the internal solution of the glass microelectrode is (mmol'Ll): KC1 140, CaCl 2 1, MgCb 2, HEPES 10, EGTA 11, ATP 4.
- the electrode resistance is 2 to 5 ⁇ .
- the DRG extracellular solution for perfusion is (mmol'Ll): NaCl 150, KC1 5, CaCl 2 2.5, MgCl 2 1, HEPES 10, D-Glucose 10.
- BME-403 Von Frey filament (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences;); BME-410C automatic thermal pain stimulator (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences;); Disinfecting gauze, hand towel, cotton swab, etc., iodine Wine and 75% alcohol, surgical kits: scissors, ophthalmology, vascular clamps, silk, gingival, nerve strippers, etc.
- Patch clamp experimental device and related accessories CEZ-2400 whole cell patch clamp amplifier (Nihon-Kohden, Japan), SBR-I type two-wire oscilloscope (Shantou ultrasonic electronic instrument factory), 95-B glass microelectrode drawing instrument [Huazhong Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, University of Science and Technology), Analytical Balance (Shanghai Tianping Instrument Factory), Stimulator (SEN-7203, Mhon-Kohden, Japan), Isolator (SS-202J, Nihon-Kohden, Japan ), LMS 2B two-channel physiological recorder (Chengdu Instrument Factory), glass microelectrode (GG-17, Huaxi Medical University Instrument Repair Factory), inverted microscope (Olympus, Japan), HY Z adjustable multi-purpose constant temperature oscillator (Guohua Electric Co., Ltd.).
- the rats were anesthetized with thiopental (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), and the skin was incised in the posterolateral aspect of the right thigh of the rats under sterile conditions.
- the sciatic nerve was isolated bluntly and gently ligated with a 4-0 chromic gut.
- the sciatic nerve was co-ligated 4 times, and each knot was separated by about 1 mm.
- the diameter of the sciatic nerve was slightly reduced, accompanied by transient twitching of the right hind limb, and careful not to ligature too tightly to completely block the peripheral blood flow.
- Rats were housed in a single cage, and the mechanical contraction threshold and the heat-shrinking reflex latency were measured before surgery (0d) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 days after surgery (the measurement time was constant at each time).
- the mechanical withdrawal threshold was determined using BME-403 Von Frey filament (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences).
- the rats were placed in a transparent plexiglass box (22 x l2 x 22 cm 3 ) with a lxl cm 2 wire mesh at the bottom of the plexiglass box.
- the rats were placed in the laboratory after the operation, and the rats were placed in a plexiglass box for 15 min before the test.
- the folding force was 0.13, 0.20, 0.33, 0.60, 1.30, 3+60, 5.00, 7.30, 9.90, 20.1g, and the breaking force ⁇ 20.1g was recorded as 20.1g.
- each test is 10 times until the number of reflexes is more than 5 /10, that is, 50% of the reaction idle value (that is, the value of 5 reactions in 10 tests. Repeat three times, take the average value) .
- the interval between each stimulation is at least 15 s, and the reaction caused by the stimulation (such as lameness, lameness, etc.) disappears completely.
- the plexiglass box was placed on a 3 mm thick glass plate, and the rat sole was irradiated with a BME-410C automatic thermal pain stimulator (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences).
- the thermal radiation stimulator illuminates the rat's sole until the lifting leg avoidance time is the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL).
- the cut-off time is 30 seconds to prevent tissue burns.
- the expression of P2X 3 receptor mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization of DRG sections, and the liquid and utensils used before hybridization were strictly treated with 0.1% DEPC. Frozen sections were treated at 0.05% H 2 0 2 for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove endogenous peroxidase, pepsin digestion for 1 to 2 minutes, incubation at 37 °C for 2 hours in pre-hybridization, and pre-hybridization was discarded. Transfer to the hybridization solution in a water bath at 37 °C overnight. The next day, the sections were rinsed with gradient citrate water (2XSSC, 0.5XSSC and 0.2XSSC) for 15 minutes each.
- 2XSSC, 0.5XSSC and 0.2XSSC gradient citrate water
- the method for isolating rat DRG neuron specimens is summarized as follows: After stunning and decapitating the rat, the back skin is quickly cut, the ribs connected to it are cut along both sides of the spine, and the thoracolumbar spine is removed, and the spine is cut into the middle of the spine. Two half set 2 0 saturated solution of DMEM (Dubecco's Modified Eagle's medium) , pH value 7.40, osmotic pressure of 340mOsm / kg. Remove the L4, L5 ganglion and associated nerve roots (abdominal, dorsal root) and spinal nerve from the inside of the dissected spinal canal.
- DMEM Dubecco's Modified Eagle's medium
- Electrode installation Connect the reference electrode, fill the glass electrode, and then attach it to the electrode holder. Note: Do not overfill the electrode; remove the static electricity from your body by touching your shield before applying the electrode.
- phase boundary potential compensation and electrode resistance In the "search" mode, the microelectrode is introduced into the liquid, the phase boundary potential compensation is adjusted, and the electrode resistance is measured according to the amplitude of the current response caused by the pulse voltage square wave.
- Series resistance compensation Adjust the series resistance compensation until no oscillation occurs.
- the instrument used for whole-cell patch clamp recording was a CEZ-2400 patch clamp amplifier (Mhon-Kohden, Japan). After the high resistance (1 ⁇ 10GQ) is formed between the electrode and the cell membrane, the film is further absorbed, and the capacitance and series resistance compensation are adjusted.
- the holding potential (HP) is set at a 60mV, and the film current is applied with low-pass filtering (lkHz, -3dB).
- the experimental results were traced by a two-track recorder (LMS-2B, Chengdu).
- the ATP concentration-effect curve is plotted according to the following formula.
- I Imax /[1+(EC 50 /C)n] where C is the concentration of yttrium and I is normalized ATP activates current, Imax is the maximum ATP activation current after normalization, EC 50 or Kd is the half effect concentration of ATP to produce the maximum effect, and n is the Hill coefficient.
- the administration is carried out by moving the tube of the rapid dressing device through a micromanipulator, each tube having a diameter of 0.2 mm, and the tube is about 100 ⁇ m from the recorded cells.
- the drug is injected through a microtube inserted into the glass microelectrode.
- the experiment was carried out at room temperature in the range of 20 to 30 °C.
- Each set of data is represented by an X ⁇ sem. Comparisons between groups were performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by a least significant difference (LSD). Data processing was performed using the SPSS11.0 software package. Significant for the difference.
- Group I was the foot skin scalding group; group II was puerarin injection + foot skin degree I or shallow second degree burn group; group III was normal saline + foot skin degree I or shallow second degree burn group; group IV was In the back skin pseudo-scalding group, group V was puerarin injection + back skin I degree or shallow second degree burn group; group VI was normal saline + back skin I degree or shallow second degree burn group.
- Puerarin injection was dissolved in physiological saline at a concentration of 50 mg/ml.
- Pueraria Shandong Fangming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Production Lot: 0804171); Ether, Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Production Lot: 050801); Thiopental, Shanghai Xinya Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Production Lot: 050101); SP kit, DAB kit (Beijing Zhongshan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); P2X 3 antibody (CHEMICON INTERNATIONAL, USA); S100 antibody (Wuhan Dr.).
- BME-403 Von Frey filament (; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences); BME-410C automatic thermal pain stimulator (Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; patch clamp device and related accessories: CEZ- 2400 Whole Cell Patch Clamp Amplifier (Nihon-Kohden, Japan), SBR-I Type 2 Wire Oscilloscope (Shantou Ultrasonic Electronic Instrument Factory), 95-B Glass Microelectrode Drawing Instrument (Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology) Research Laboratory), Analytical Balance (Shanghai Tianping Instrument Factory), Stimulator (SEN-7203, Nihon-Kohden, Sakamoto), Isolator (SS-202J, Nihon-Kohden, Japan), LMS-2B Second Physiology Recorder (Chengdu Instrument Factory), glass microelectrode (GG-17, Huaxi Medical University Instrument Repair Factory), inverted microscope (Olympus, Japan), HY-Z
- the right hind paw of the rats was immersed in water at 70 ° C for 5 s or 8 s, and the scalded ones were kept in a single cage.
- the right hind paw mechanical reflex threshold and the heat-shrinking reflex latency were measured before (Oh) burn and at 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 h after burn.
- the back skin of the rats was cut off and immersed in water at 70 °C for 5 s or 8 s, and the burned area was about 30%.
- the rat model of shallow second degree burns of the back skin was formed. After single-cage feeding after burns, the wounds were exposed. , do not do anything.
- the mechanical withdrawal threshold was determined using a BME-403 Von Frey filament. Rats were placed in a transparent plexiglass box (22 ⁇ 12 ⁇ 22 cm 3 ) with a lxl cm 2 wire mesh at the bottom of the plexiglass box. Postoperative rats were placed in the laboratory. The rats were placed in a plexiglass box for 15 min before the test.
- the folding force was 0.13, 0.20, 0.33, 0.60, 1.30, 3.60, 5.00, 7.30, 9+90, 20 Lg. Starting from the minimum folding force, each test is performed 10 times until the number of reflexes is about 5 110, which is the 50% reaction threshold (ie, the value of 5 reactions in 10 tests). The maximum folding force is 20 Lg, greater than this value, is recorded as 20.1 g. Each test is separated by at least 15 s, and the reaction caused by the stimulation (such as lameness, lameness, etc.) completely disappears.
- the plexiglass box was placed on a 3 mm thick glass plate, and the rat sole was irradiated with a BME-410C automatic thermal pain stimulator.
- the heat radiation stimulator irradiated the rat's sole to the time of lifting the leg to avoid heat withdrawal latency (TWL).
- the cut-off time is 25 seconds to prevent tissue burns.
- the scalded rats were injected with puerarin or normal saline 5ml/kg every day. After 3 consecutive days, rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with thiopental (30mg/kg) for deep anesthesia. The back skin of the rats was cut and the size was 1.5- 2cm 2 , removed and fixed, embedded in paraffin. The sections were cross-sectioned by immunohistochemistry and the thickness was 4 ⁇ m. Two-dimensional immunohistochemical staining, DAB color development. Two skin slices were taken from each skin of each rat, and one slice was used to determine the expression of P2X 3 receptor in the skin nerve endings, and the other slice was used to determine the expression of S 100 in the skin nerve endings. Results The average optical density of P2X 3- positive neurons was analyzed by image analysis system software (Wuhan Tianping Imaging Technology Co., Ltd., HMIAS-2000 High Definition Color Medical Graphic Analysis System).
- Each group of data is represented by -X ⁇ sem. Comparisons between groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by a least significant difference (LSD). Data processing was performed using the SPSS11.0 software package. Significant for the difference.
- the neuropathological model was basically formed.
- Group III chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve group; Chronic constriction injury, CCD and IV group (chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve + puerarin treatment group; CCI+ puerarin) and group VI (sciatic nerve) Chronic compression injury + indomethacin treatment group, CCI+Indocin), thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) compared with group I (sham operation group, sham), group II (puerarin group, puerarin) and V
- the group normal control group, control
- the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of the IV group was lower than that of the V group (p ⁇ 0.01), but the group III (CCI) Compared with the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of the V group (p ⁇ 0,01), and the IV group (CCI + puerarin) compared with the group III (CCI), the mechanical contraction
- the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was significantly increased (p ⁇ 0.01).
- the VI group chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerve + indomethacin treatment group, CCI+Indocin
- the CCI group showed an increase in the mechanical reflex flap threshold, which was significantly different (p ⁇ 0.01). There was no significant difference in the IV group (p>0.05). See Figure 2.
- the expression of P2X 3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the L 4 and L 5 rats was determined by immunohistochemistry.
- One slice of the L 4 and L 5 sections of each rat dorsal root ganglion was taken from a section of 5 sections, and the gray scale changes of P2X 3 positive neurons were analyzed by image analysis system software.
- Group I sham operation group, sham
- group II alone Puerarin group, Puerarin, group III (chronic compression injury group of sciatic nerve, CCI), group IV (chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve + puerarin treatment group, CCI + puerarin), group V (normal group, control) and group VI
- the mean optical density values of the sciatic sac chronic compression injury + indomethacin treatment group, CCI+Indocin were 1.18 ⁇ 0.03, 1.07 ⁇ 0.03, 1.64 ⁇ 0.05, 1.28 ⁇ 0.04> 1.15 ⁇ 0.03 and 1.34 ⁇ 0.04, respectively.
- There was no significant difference in the expression of P2X 3 receptor between group I, group II and group V p>0.05.
- P2X 3 receptor in group III was significantly higher than that in group I, II and V (p ⁇ 0.01).
- the expression of P2X 3 receptor in group IV was higher than that in group I, II, and V (p ⁇ 0.05), but still lower than that in group III (p ⁇ 0.05; group VI (chronic injury of sciatic nerve) + Indomethacin-treated group, CCI+Indocin) Compared with CCI group, the expression of P2X 3 receptor was significantly decreased (p ⁇ 0.01).
- the expression of P2X 3 receptor in DRG of group VI was significantly higher than that of group I, II and V. (p ⁇ 0.01), but slightly increased compared with group IV (p ⁇ 0.05).
- group I sham operation group, sham
- group II pumperarin group, Puerarin group
- group III chronic compression injury group of sciatic nerve, CCI
- group IV chronic compression of sciatic nerve
- the mean optical density values of the injury + puerarin group, CCI + puerarin, group V (normal group, control) and group VI chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerve + indomethacin treatment group, CCI + Indocin
- group VI chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerve + indomethacin treatment group, CCI + Indocin
- Group I, P2X 3 receptor mRNA among group II, IV group, V group was no significant difference ( ⁇ > 0.05); the expression of the DRG ⁇ group group P2X 3 receptor mRNA compared to group I, ⁇ group, V group significantly increased (p ⁇ 0.01); high P2X 3 receptor mRNA expression than the DRG group IV V group (p ⁇ 0.05); Vl Comparative P2X 3 receptor mRNA expression in group III and group decreased (p ⁇ 0.05), and I The expression of group, sputum group, IV group and V group was increased (p ⁇ 0.05). See Figure 4.
- the experiment was divided into group I (sham operation group, sham), group II (puerarin group, puerarin group), group III (chronic compression injury group of sciatic nerve, CCI), group IV (chronic compression injury of sciatic nerve + puerarin treatment group) , CCI + puerarin), group V (normal group, control) and group VI (chronic compression injury of the sciatic nerve + indomethacin treatment group, CCI + Indocin).
- I ATP-activated current shows two forms of inward currents, fast desensitization and slow desensitization (ie, although the agonist persists and the concentration does not change, the activation current rises After reaching the peak, its amplitude decays exponentially over time until it reaches a stable value).
- the complete recovery time of I ATP in the six groups of DRG neurons was about 4-6 min, but the ICI of the same concentration of ATP was significantly increased in the CCI group compared with the other four groups of DRG neurons, and ATP-activation increased with the concentration of ATP.
- the current increase was more pronounced (P ⁇ 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other four groups (p>0.05).
- the CCI+Indocin group had lower current than the CCI group (p ⁇ 0.05).
- the CCI+Indocin group and the CCI+puerarin group had larger currents, which were significantly different (p ⁇ 0,05);
- P2X 3 receptor agonist a, p -meATP( ⁇ /L )-activated current produces very small inward currents in groups I, II, IV, V, VI, and in the CCI group is an inwardly sensitive current with significant desensitization ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.01).
- the effect of sputum activating current in each group of DRG neurons also showed that the sputum activation current of DRG neurons in rats with neuropathic pain was significantly increased in groups I, II, V, VI.
- CCI model rats puerarin group and groups I, II, V Although there was an increase, there was no significant difference ( ⁇ >0.05), and the current was decreased compared with the indomethacin treatment group ( ⁇ 0.05). See Figure 5.
- the values are: 118.76 ⁇ 18.48, 130.42 ⁇ 13.35, 152.63 ⁇ 22.62.
- the expression of P2 in the nerve endings of the skin was significantly increased after the burn in the shallow back group of the saline dorsal group. There was a significant difference compared with the fake skin group in the back skin (p ⁇ 0.05; i, puerarin injection + shallow skin II group) Although it was still higher than the back skin pseudo-scalding group, it was significantly lower than the normal saline + back skin shallow II degree group (p ⁇ 0.05), indicating that puerarin can reduce the enhanced expression of P2X 3 in the scalded skin nerve endings, as shown in Figure 8.
- the plexiglass box was placed on a 3 mm thick glass plate and the rat sole was irradiated with a BME-410C automatic thermal pain stimulator.
- the thermal radiation latency (TWL;) was irradiated by the thermal radiation stimulator to the sole of the rat until the lifting leg was avoided.
- the cut-off time is 30 seconds to prevent tissue burns.
- the mechanical withdrawal threshold was determined using a BME-403 Von Frey filament.
- the rats were placed in a transparent plexiglass box 22x l2x22 cm 3 ), and the bottom of the plexiglass box was a wire mesh of IX l cm 2 .
- the rats were placed in the laboratory after the operation, and the rats were placed in a plexiglass box for 15 min before the test.
- the folding forces were 0.13, 0.20, 0.33, 0.60, 1.30, 3.60, 5.00, 7.30, 9.90, 20. lg, and the breaking force ⁇ 20.1g was recorded as 20.1g.
- each test is performed 10 times until the number of reflexes is greater than 5 /10, that is, the 50% reaction threshold causes the value of 5 reactions in 10 tests. Repeat three times and take the average value).
- the interval between each stimulation is at least 15 s, and the reaction caused by the stimulation (such as lameness, lameness, etc.) disappears completely.
- SD rats (body weight 200 ⁇ 20g) were randomly divided into I (back sham back burn), II (puerarin, intraperitoneal injection), III (superficial II °C scald group, superficial second degree) Back burn), IV (back shallow II °C 3 ⁇ 4 injury + puerarin group, superficial second degree back burn + puerarin). V (normal control, control) and I (back shallow II °C scald + indomethacin Superficial second degree back burn + Indocin). IV (back shallow II. C scald + puerarin group) Rats were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin (100 mg/kg) 30 min before scald and 3 days after scald. The expression of P2X 3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the scalded rats was determined by immunohistochemistry.
- DDG dorsal root ganglia
- In situ hybridization results were performed by Hmias-2000 high-resolution color medical graphic analysis system to determine the expression of P2X 3 receptor in rat scalded dorsal root ganglia (DRG).
- P2X 3 mRNA in group III, II group, IV group and V group was significantly higher than that in group I, II, IV and V (p ⁇ 0.05). There was no significant difference in P2X 3 mRNA expression between groups I, II and V. (p>0.05); VI (shallow IPC scald + indomethacin treatment group) and P2X 3 mRNA expression decreased (p ⁇ 0.05), IV (back shallow IPC scald + puerarin) Group) Compared with sputum (slow II °C scald group), the expression of P2X 3 mRNA in DRG decreased significantly ( ⁇ . ⁇ ), IV (shallow n°c scald + puerarin group) and (back) In the light II °c scald + indomethacin treatment group, the expression of P2X 3 mRNA in DRG decreased (p ⁇ 0.05), and I, II,
- P2X 3 protein expression was significantly higher than group I, II, IV, V (p ⁇ 0.01); VI (back shallow II °C scald + indomethacin treatment group) The expression of P2X 3 protein was lower than that of III (shear II °C scald group) (p ⁇ 0.05).
- puerarin 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before scald and 3 days after scald.
- group VI rats were injected with indomethacin 4 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally 30 min before scald and scald for 3 consecutive days.
- Primer design Use ⁇ -actin as an internal reference.
- the primer sequences are as follows:
- puerarin can alleviate the painful behavioral response in rats with neuropathic pain and scald pain.
- the non-organic anti-inflammatory analgesic indomethacin treatment group can significantly reduce the mechanical and thermal allodynia response in CCI model rats and scald rats, but the CCI model rats and scald pain rats dorsal root primary sensory nerve cells P2X The effect of 3 receptor expression was lower than that of puerarin treatment group.
- puerarin preparation suitable for oral, injection or topical application for the treatment of acute pain/chronic pain is prepared by methods well known in the art.
- puerarin is an analgesic effect on the ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 receptor.
- analgesic drugs such as opioids, it is easy to produce drug tolerance and dependence, and withdrawal syndrome, anti-inflammatory analgesics and other toxic side effects, such as toxic side effects of traditional Chinese medicine, puerarin is The drugs that have been applied clinically in cardiovascular diseases are more conducive to their development and application as analgesics.
- puerarin In the art using well-known methods to prepare suitable for oral relates ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 receptor mediated treatment of nervous system disorders, injection or topical application (such as local welding) puerarin formulation.
- CCI model rats and scalded rats with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics indomethacin treatment group showed significant reduction of mechanical and thermal allodynia in rats, but on CCI model rats and scald pain rats
- the effect of sensory neuron ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 receptor expression was lower than that of puerarin treatment group, indicating that the analgesic mechanism of puerarin is different from indomethacin.
- Puerarin can reduce the expression of ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 receptor. Further show puerarin be ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 receptor mediated disease control drugs nervous system.
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Description
葛根素在制备治疗 P2X3介导的疼痛 /神经系统疾病药物中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及镇痛药物用途发明领域, 尤其是涉及可用于防治疼痛的葛根素在制 备 P2X3介导疼痛 /神经系统疾病药物中的应用。 背景技术
疼痛是大多数疾病具有的共同症状, 是人类共有而个体差异很大的一种不愉快 的感觉。 由于疼痛给人们造成极大痛苦, 据 2001年第二期《国际疼痛学会通迅》报 道: 美国 106次国会通过一项决议, 宣布从 2001年元月一日起的十年为"疼痛控制 和研究的十年" (Decade of Pain Control and Research)„ 由此说明各国对疼痛研究的 重视。根据疼痛时程可将疼痛分为急性痛(生理性痛)和慢性痛(病理性痛)。其中: 慢性痛包括炎症痛、 神经病理痛、 癌症痛, 是临床上常见主诉之一。 由于慢性痛机 理复杂, 其治疗成为临床上的难题。 神经病理痛是指由神经系统损伤或疾病所引起 的疼痛综合征, 常常表现为自发性的疼痛, 对机械、 冷、 热等伤害性剌激产生痛觉 过敏; 对非伤害性剌激产生触诱发痛、 痛觉倒错和烧灼痛等神经病理性痛觉过敏。 由于慢性痛持续时间长, 对人身心健康危害较大, 其研究成为疼痛领域的热点和重 点。 烧伤是严重的创伤, 烧伤疼痛也是最严重的急性痛之一, 烧伤后伴随炎症反应 导致炎症痛。 疼痛往往是烧伤患者的第一反应, 一般在烧伤后最初 1 小时内, 创面 出现不同程度的疼痛或者没有明显的疼痛, 此后的疼痛往往受以下因素的影响: 如 烧伤深度、 病程进展阶段、 治疗措施和患者的个体因素等。 烧伤后疼痛是由于烧伤 部位皮肤的伤害性感受器受刺激, 并伴随着炎症反应和神经损伤所引起的, 因此它 的治疗需要结合伤害性感受处理和神经病理处理。
嘌呤类物质三磷酸腺苷 ( ΓΡ) 作为重要的信使物质参与痛觉信息传递。 嘌呤 (Purine) 受体分为嘌吟 1和嘌呤 2 (Purine 1 , Purine 2; PI , P2) 受体, ATP及其 类似物作用于 P2受体。 P2受体分为配体门控性离子通道型受体 (P2X受体) 和 G 蛋白偶联型受体(P2Y受体)。 P2X受体有七种亚型(P2Xw)。 英国"自然"杂志报道 ATP作用的 P2X3受体(P2X受体的一种亚型)特异性地在感觉传入的背根神经节神 经元克隆表达。 疼痛、 伤害性剌激使损伤细胞、 应激细胞以及感觉神经末梢本身释 放大量 ATP, ATP及其作用的 P2X受体涉及痛觉及伤害性信息在初级感觉神经元的 传递, 其中主要是同聚性 P2X3受体参与初级感觉神经元的痛觉及伤害性信息传递。 基因敲除 P2X3受体的小鼠减小了对福尔马林致痛试验的两相反应。 P2X3受体介导 神经病理痛的痛觉传递。神经病理痛剌激时, P2X3受体和 P2X3mR A表达增加, 感 觉神经元 P2X3受体介导 ATP激活的门控通道电流明显增强。 应用 P2X3受体反义寡 核苷酸及 RNA干扰技术可使炎性痛大鼠模型背根神经节的 P2X3受体水平下调, 进 而明显减轻 P2X3受体激动剂 α,β-meATP和福尔马林所致的足底伤害性反应。这些发
现为神经病理痛的发病机理提供了新的依据。 申请人实验室以前的研究也显示烧伤 可导致背根感觉神经元 P2X3受体表达增加。 目前国外己有研究生产 P2¾受体拮抗 剂 (如 R03 ) 用于临床治疗疼痛的报道。
目前化学药物镇痛仍是最主要的疼痛治疗手段, 主要包括阿片类镇痛药、 中枢 作用的非阿片类镇痛药、 作用于外周的抗炎镇痛药和复方抗炎镇痛药。 但阿片类等 镇痛药物的副作用如呼吸抑制、 恶心、 呕吐、 嗜睡、 尿潴留等发生率较高, 而且长 期应用易产生药物耐受与依赖以及突然停药导致的戒断综合征。 消炎痛 (Indometacin, 吲哚美辛) 为非甾体类抗炎药, 具有解热、 镇痛及抗炎等作用, 其 作用机理为通过对环氧酶的抑制而减少前列腺素的合成, 制止炎症组织痛觉神经冲 动的形成, 抑制炎性反应, 包括抑制白细胞的趋化性及溶酶体酶的释放等。 由于消 炎痛有多种严重的副作用, 影响其使用范围。 因此, 寻找以新的分子靶标为基础的 镇痛药物成为目前的研究热点和面临的首要任务。
葛根素是从豆科植物野葛及甘葛藤根中提取的一种黄酮苷, 临床上主要用于心 血管疾病和糖尿病的治疗。 文献报道 [周军,方素萍,齐云,等.葛根汤对佐剂性关节炎大 鼠关节炎液炎症介质的影响.中国实验方剂学杂志,2001,7(3):29-31.]以葛根为主药的 葛根汤具有抗炎作用。 该文献提示从葛根中提取的葛根素可能具有抗伤害性反应和 影响痛觉的作用, 但目前尚无葛根素直接具有镇痛作用的报道, 临床上也无葛根素 通过镇痛作用机制进行疼痛治疗的报道。 发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供葛根素的第一个新用途, 即葛根素在制备治疗慢 性痛 (优选神经病理痛) 的药物中的应用。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供葛根素的第二个新用途, 即葛根素在制备治疗急 性痛 (优选烧伤痛) 的药物中的应用。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供葛根素的第三个新用途, 即葛根素作为 P2X3嘌吟 受体拮抗剂在制备涉及 P2X3受体介导的神经系统疾病的病理生理机制防治药物中 的应用。
葛根素可减轻神经病理痛 (慢性痛) 及烫伤大鼠的痛 (急性痛) 行为反应。 葛 根素治疗急性痛 /慢性痛的作用机理为: 阻断 P2¾受体介导的疼痛信息传递, 产生 防治疼痛的作用。 为了更好地理解本发明的实质, 下面结合附图以实验和结果来证明葛根素的用 途。
附图说明
图 1为葛根素神经病理痛大鼠热痛敏的影响图;
图 2为葛根素神经病理痛大鼠机械痛敏的影响图;
图 3为葛根素对神经病理痛大鼠背根神经节 P2X3受体免疫反应性的影响图,其 中 A: 假手术组; B: 单独葛根素组; C: 坐骨祌经慢性压迫性损伤组; D: 坐骨神经慢 性压迫性损伤 +葛根素处理组; E: 正常组; F: 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理 组;
图 4为葛根素对神经病理痛大鼠背根神经节 P2X3受体 mRNA表达的影响图, 其中 A: 假手术组; B: 单独葛根素组; C: 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤组; D: 坐骨神经 慢性压迫性损伤 +葛根素组; E: 正常组; F:坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组; 图 5为各组大鼠 DRG神经元 P2X受体激动剂 -激活电流图,其中 A: 假手术组; B: 单独葛根素组; C: 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤组; D: 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +葛根 素组; E: 正常组; F: 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组;
图 6为浅 II度烧伤皮肤 HE染色病理切片 x40的示意图;
图 7为大鼠皮肤标本连续切片 S-100和 P2X3免疫组织化学照片,其中 A为神经 末梢 S-100免疫阳性表达照片; B为神经末梢 P2X3免疫阳性表达照片, 箭头所指为 免疫阳性神经末梢;
图 8为烧伤大鼠皮肤神经末梢 P2X3受体免疫组化表达照片, 其中 A为背部皮 肤假烫组; B为葛根素注射十背部皮肤浅 II °C烫伤组; C为生理盐水十背部皮肤浅 II °C 烫伤组, 箭头所指为免疫组化阳性神经末梢;
图 9为葛根素烫伤痛大鼠热痛敏的影响图;
图 10为葛根素烫伤痛大鼠机械痛敏的影响图;
图 11为葛根素对烫伤痛大鼠背根神经节 P2X3受体免疫反应性的影响图, 其中 A: 假烫组; B: 单独葛根素组; C: 浅 II °C烫伤组; D: 浅 II°C烫伤 +葛根素组; E: 正常 组: F: 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤十消炎痛处理组:
图 12为葛根素对烫伤痛大鼠背根神经节 P2¾受体 mRNA表达的影响图, 其中 A: 假烫组; B: 单独葛根素组; C: 浅 II °C烫伤组; D: 浅 II°C烫伤 +葛根素组; E: 正常 组; F: 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组;
图 13为葛根素对烫伤痛大鼠背根神经节 P2X3受体蛋白表达的影响图, 其中实 验分组顺序: 假烫组; 正常对照组; 浅 IPC烫伤 +葛根素组; 浅 II °C烫伤组; 单独葛 根素组; 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组;
图 14为葛根素对烫伤痛大鼠背根神经节 P2X3受体 mRNA表达的影响图, 其中 实验分组顺序:正常对照组; 浅 II °C烫伤 +葛根素组; 浅 II °C烫伤组; 单独葛根素组; 假烫组; 坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组。 具体实施方式:
本发明以葛根素对神经病理痛 (作为慢性痛的代表) 作用和烧伤痛 (作为急性
痛的代表) 作用为例来进行说明。
一、 材料和方法
(一) 葛根素对 P2X3受体介导祌经病理痛作用研究
1.1 动物和分组:
雄性 SD大鼠, 220-250g, 南昌大学医学院实验动物科学部提供。 将大鼠随机分 成 5组,每组 12只。实验分组: I (假手术组) (sham); II (单独葛根素组) (; Puerarin); III (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤组) (Chronic constriction injury , CCD; IV 〔坐骨神 经慢性压迫性损伤 +葛根素处理组) (CCI + puerarin); V (正常组)(control); VI (坐 骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组)(CCI+Indo;)。葛根素注射液溶解于生理盐水, 浓度为 50 mg/ml。 I组每天腹腔注射生理盐水 (4ml/kg); II组每天腹腔注射葛根素 注射液 (4ml/kg); ΙΠ组 (假手术组) 切开皮肤暴露坐骨神经, 不结扎神经即缝合皮 肤。 IV组 CCI术后第 1天开始每天腹腔注射葛根素注射液(4ml/kg)。 VI组实验大鼠 于术前半小时和术后每天腹腔注射消炎痛 4mg/kg/d, 每天一次至实验结束。
1.2 药物与试剂:
葛根素, 山东方明药业股份有限公司 (生产批号: 0804171 ); 硫喷妥钠, 上海 新亚药业有限公司 (生产批号: 050101 ); SP试剂盒, 原位杂交试剂盒及 DAB试剂 盒 (北京中山生物技术有限公司 ); P2X3 抗体购 自美国 CHEMICON INTERNATIONAL公司。三磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5-triphophate, ATP) , sigma, D G 细胞外液配制, ρΗ7.4。 α、 β亚甲三磷酸腺苷(<x,pmethyleneATP, oi,P-meATP) sigma, DRG细胞外液配制, pH7.4。 三硝基三磷酸腺苷(TNP— ATP), sigma, DRG细胞外 液配制, pH7.4。玻璃微电极所充内液(internal solution)成份为 (mmol'L-l): KC1 140, CaCl2 1, MgCb 2, HEPES 10, EGTA 11, ATP 4。 电极电阻 2〜5ΜΩ。 灌流用之 DRG细 胞外液 (external solution)成份为 (mmol'L-l): NaCl 150, KC1 5, CaCl2 2.5, MgCl2 1, HEPES 10, D-Glucose 10。
1.3 主要仪器:
BME-403 Von Frey细丝 (中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所;); BME-410C型全 自动热痛刺激仪 (中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所;); 消毒纱布、 手巾、 棉签等, 碘酒及 75%酒精, 手术器械包: 剪刀、 眼科小弯镊、 血管钳、 丝线、 有齿镊、 神经 剥离子等。
膜片钳实验装置及相关配件: CEZ-2400 型全细胞膜片钳放大器 (日本 Nihon-Kohden), SBR— I型二线示波器(汕头超声电子仪器厂), 95-B玻璃微电极拉 制仪〔华中科技大学同济医学院分子及细胞神经生物学研究室), 分析天平 (上海天 平仪器厂),刺激器 (SEN-7203 , Mhon-Kohden,日本),隔离器(SS-202J, Nihon-Kohden, 日本), LMS 2B型二道生理记录仪 (成都仪器厂), 玻璃微电极 (GG-17, 华西医 科大学仪器修造厂), 倒置显微镜 (Olympus, 日本), HY Z 调速多用恒温振荡器
(国华电器有限公司)。
1.4 慢性神经病理痛模型制作:
用硫喷妥钠麻醉大鼠 (30mg/kg, 腹腔注射), 在无菌条件下于大鼠右大腿后外 侧切开皮肤, 钝性分离出坐骨神经, 以 4-0含铬肠线轻度结扎坐骨神经, 共结扎 4 道, 每个结之间间隔约 lmm。 结扎过程中可见坐骨神经被结扎处直径略减小, 并伴 有右后肢一过性抽动, 并注意不要结扎太紧以至于完全阻断神经外周的血流。 大鼠 术后单笼饲养, 分别于术前 (0d)及术后 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 d测量机械缩足反射阈值和 热缩足反射潜伏期 (测定时间恒定于每日 10: 00-14: 00,室温维持在 22±0.5 °C) 。
1.5 神经病理痛大鼠机械痛敏检测:
用 BME-403 Von Frey 细丝(中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所)测定机械缩 足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT) 。 置大鼠于透明的有机玻璃箱 (22x l2x22cm3 ) 中, 有机玻璃箱底为 l xlcm2 的铁丝网。 术后大鼠放置于实验室饲 养, 测试前将大鼠放在有机玻璃箱中适应 15 min。 折力分别为 0.13, 0.20, 0.33, 0.60, 1.30, 3+60, 5.00, 7.30, 9.90, 20.1g, 折力≥20.1g时均记为 20.1g。 从最小折力开始, 每 根试验 10次, 直至出现缩足反射次数大于 5 /10, 即 50%反应闲值 (即引起 10次试验 中 5次反应的值。 重复三次, 取其平均值)。 每次剌激间隔时间至少大于 15s, 并待 剌激引起的反应 (如舔足、 甩腿等) 完全消失。
1.6 神经病理痛大鼠热痛敏检测:
将有机玻璃箱置于 3mm厚的玻璃板上,用 BME-410C型全自动热痛剌激仪 (中 国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所) 照射大鼠足底。 热辐射剌激仪照射大鼠足底至 出现抬腿回避时间为热缩足反射潜伏期(thermal withdrawal latency, TWL)。切断时间 为 30秒, 以防止组织灼伤。
1.7 大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3受体的表达:
五组实验大鼠于术后第 14天腹腔注射硫喷妥钠 30mg/kg)深麻醉,经升主动脉灌 注 4%多聚甲醛0.1mol/L PB, pH7.4),分离出大鼠 L4、 L5段 DRG, 取出固定,放入 4 %多聚甲醛 /O. lmPBS (含 0.1 %DEPC)中固定 2小时, 用 20%蔗糖脱水, 在恒冷箱切 片机上行冰冻切片, 厚度为 15μιη.放入 4%的多聚甲醛中保存。 每只大鼠的 DRG切 片隔 5张取一张二歩法免疫组织化学染色测定 DRG神经元细胞 Ρ2Χ3受体的表达, DAB显色。与此同时对 DRG切片进行原位杂交测定 P2X3受体 mRNA的表达, 杂交 前所用液体和器皿都经 0.1 %的 DEPC严格处理。 冰冻切片在 0.05 %的 H202室温下 作用 30分钟, 以去除内源性过氧化物酶, 胃蛋白酶消化 1一 2分钟, 37 °C预杂交液 中孵育 2小时, 弃去预杂交液, 转入杂交液于水浴中 37 °C过夜。 次日, 用梯度枸橼 酸盐水 (2XSSC,0.5XSSC和 0.2XSSC) 冲洗切片各 15分钟。 入 37 °C封闭液 30分 钟, 转入生物素化的地高辛中 37 °C孵育 30分钟, 0.05 %的 PBS冲洗 15分钟, 相继 在 SABC-POD和生物素化的过氧化物酶中各孵育 30分钟, DAB显色。结果用图像分
析系统软件 (武汉天平影像技术有限公司, HMIAS-2000高清晰彩色医学图文分析系统) 对 P2X3阳性神经元进行平均光密度值分析。
1.8 葛根素对 CCI大鼠 DRG祌经元 ATP或 α,β-meATP激活电流的影响:
1.8.1 标本制备:
大鼠 DRG神经元标本的分离方法概述如下: 将大鼠击昏、断头后迅速切开背部 皮肤, 沿脊柱两侧剪断与之相连的肋骨, 取出胸腰段脊柱, 由脊柱正中剖开成两半, 置 02饱和之 DMEM液(Dubecco's Modified Eagle's medium) 内, pH值 7.40, 溶液 渗透压为 340mOsm/kg。由剖开的椎管内侧取出 L4、 L5神经节及相连的神经根(腹、 背根) 和脊神经, 在解剖显微镜下用精细角膜剪及游丝镊仔细剪除相连神经和周围 结締组织被膜, 将清除干净的 DRG尽可能地剪碎, 置培养瓶内并加入 trypsin (type III, sigma) 0.5 g/L, collagenase (type IA, sigma) l .Og/L在恒温振荡水浴器 (35 °C, 80次 /分)中孵育 20— 30分钟,完成后加入适量的 Soya beam trypsin inhibitor (type II -s, sigma)以终止酶的消化作用。 将上述酶和机械分离的 DRG细胞转移至 35 mm培 养皿内, 放在倒置显微镜的载物台上换液静置 30min。 然后应用全细胞式膜片钳技 术记录葛根素对 ATP或 oi,p-meATP激活电流的影响。
1.8.2 全细胞膜片钳实验操作程序:
( 1 ) 仔细检査实验系统各仪器间的连接和初始设置。
(2)打开电源开关。
(3)电极安装: 接好参比电极, 充灌玻璃电极, 然后将其装于电极夹持器上。 注 意: 电极充灌不要过满; 装电极之前将手接触屏蔽罩排出身体上的静电。
(4)相界电位补偿和电极电阻的测量: 在"搜索"方式下将微电极入液, 调节相界 电位补偿, 并根据脉冲电压方波引起的电流响应幅值测量电极电阻。
(5)细胞封接: 调节微操纵器使微电极尖端接近细胞表面, 并对微电极内施一负 压, 形成吉欧封接。
(6)快电容补偿: 调节快电容补偿, 使输出信号中不含快电容电流成分。
(7)吸破细胞膜: 将工作方式切换到"钳压"挡。 在电极与细胞之间形成高阻 ( 1— ΙΟΘΩ) 封接后,进一歩将膜吸穿。 置钳制电压 (Η.Ρ) 于一 60mV, 膜电流应用 低通波 (lkHz,-3dB)。
(8)慢电容补偿: 调节慢电容补偿, 使输出信号中不含慢电容电流成分。
串联电阻补偿: 调节串联电阻补偿至不产生震荡为止。
全细胞膜片钳记录所用的仪器为 CEZ-2400型膜片钳放大器(Mhon-Kohden, 日 本)。 在电极与细胞膜之间形成高阻 (1〜10GQ )封接后进一步将膜吸穿, 调节电容 和串联电阻补偿。 置保持电压 (holding potential, HP) 于一 60mV, 膜电流应用低通 滤波 (lkHz,-3dB )。 实验结果由二道记录仪 (LMS-2B, 成都)描记。 ATP浓度-效应曲 线按照下列公式绘制。 I=Imax /[1+(EC50/C)n] 式中 C为 ΑΓΡ浓度, I为标准化后的
ATP激活电流, Imax为标准化后的 ATP激活电流最大值, EC50或 Kd为 ATP产生最 大效应的半效浓度, n为 Hill 系数。 给药系通过微操纵器移动快速换药装置的排管 进行, 每管直径为 0.2 mm, 管口距记录的细胞约 100μηι。 实验中需进行药物胞内透 析时系通过插入玻璃微电极里的微管注入药物。 实验在室温 20〜30 °C范围进行。
1.9 实验数据的统计处理:
各组数据以一 X ± sem表示。 多组间比较用单因素方差分析,继以最小显著差法 (; LSD)行两两比较。 用 SPSS11.0 软件包进行数据处理。 为差异有显著性。
(二) 葛根素对 P2X3受体介导烧伤痛作用研究
2.1 动物和分组:
雄性 SD大鼠, 220-250g, 60只, 南昌大学医学院实验动物科学部提供, 随机 分组。 I组为足部皮肤假烫组; II组为葛根素注射 +足部皮肤 I度或浅 II度烧伤组; III组为生理盐水 +足部皮肤 I度或浅 II度烧伤组; IV组为背部皮肤假烫组, V组为葛 根素注射 +背部皮肤 I度或浅 II度烧伤组; VI组为生理盐水 +背部皮肤 I度或浅 II度 烧伤组。葛根素注射液溶解于生理盐水, 浓度为 50mg/ml。 ΙΠ组和 VI组在烫伤前 0.5h 尾静脉注射 4ml/kg生理盐水,每天 1次至实验结束; II组和 V组烫伤前 0.5h尾静脉 注射葛根素注射液 4ml/kg,每天一次至实验结束; I组和 IV组 (假烫组) 分别将足部 或背部皮肤浸在 37 °C温水中 8s。
2.2 药物与试剂:
葛根素, 山东方明药业股份有限公司 (生产批号: 0804171 ); 乙醚, 天津市大 茂化学试剂厂(生产批号: 050801 ); 硫喷妥钠, 上海新亚药业有限公司 (生产批号: 050101 ); SP 试剂盒, DAB 试剂盒 (北京中山生物技术有限公司); P2X3抗体 (CHEMICON INTERNATIONAL, 美国); S100抗体 (武汉博士德公司)。
2.3 主要仪器:
BME-403 Von Frey细丝 (;中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所 ); BME-410C型全 自动热痛剌激仪 (中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所; 膜片钳装置及相关配件: CEZ-2400型全细胞膜片钳放大器(Nihon-Kohden, 日本), SBR— I型二线示波器(汕 头超声电子仪器厂), 95-B玻璃微电极拉制仪(华中科技大学同济医学院分子及细胞 神经生物学研究室),分析天平(上海天平仪器厂),刺激器 (SEN-7203 , Nihon-Kohden, 曰本),隔离器(SS-202J, Nihon-Kohden, 日本), LMS— 2B型二道生理记录仪(成都 仪器厂), 玻璃微电极(GG-17, 华西医科大学仪器修造厂), 倒置显微镜(Olympus, Japan), HY— Z调速多用恒温振荡器 (国华电器有限公司) 等。
2.4 烧伤模型制作与确定
2.4.1 烧伤模型制作:
2.4.1.1 足部浅 Π度烫伤大鼠模型:
用乙醚麻醉大鼠后, 将大鼠右后足部浸入 70 °C水中 5s或 8s,烫伤后单笼饲养,
分别于烫伤前 (Oh)及烫伤后 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144h测量右后足部机械缩足反射 阈值和热缩足反射潜伏期 (室温维持在 22±0.5 °C)。
2.4.1.2 背部浅 II度皮肤烧伤大鼠模型:
用乙醚麻醉大鼠后,将大鼠背部皮肤剪去毛发后浸入 70 °C水中 5s或 8s,烫伤面 积大约 30 %,形成背部皮肤浅 II度烧伤大鼠模型, 烫伤后单笼饲养,创面暴露,不做任 何处理。
2.4.2 I度和浅 II度烧伤大鼠的确定:
I度烧伤大鼠的皮肤浸入 70 °C水中 5s后 , 15分钟左右可以观察到有红斑和轻微 水肿形成,病理切片 HE染色证实为 I度烧伤。浅 II度烧伤大鼠皮肤浸入 7CTC水中 8s 后, 15分钟左右可以观察到有红斑和轻微水肿形成, 3小时后可以看到有水疱形成, 病理切片 HE染色证实为浅 II度烧伤。 烧伤大鼠在处死之前没有明显感染发生。
2.5 足部烧伤大鼠机械痛敏测定:
用 BME-403 Von Frey 细丝测定机械缩足反射阈值(mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT) 。置大鼠于透明的有机玻璃箱 (22 χ 12 χ22 cm3 )中, 有机玻璃箱底为 l x l cm2 的铁丝网。 术后大鼠放置于实验室饲养, 测试前将大鼠放在有机玻璃箱中 适应 15 min„ 折力分别为 0.13,0.20,0.33,0.60, 1.30,3.60,5.00, 7.30,9+90,20. lg。 从最小 折力开始,每根试验 10次,直至出现缩足反射次数大约 5 110,即 50%反应阈值 (;即引起 10 次试验中 5 次反应的值) 。 最大折力为 20. lg,大于此值时记为 20.1g。 每次试验 至少间隔 15s,并待剌激引起的反应 (如舔足、 甩腿等)完全消失。
2.6 足部烧伤大鼠热痛敏测定:
将有机玻璃箱置于 3mm厚的玻璃板上,用 BME-410C型全自动热痛剌激仪照射 大鼠足底。 热辐射剌激仪照射大鼠足底至出现抬腿回避时间为热缩足反射潜伏期 ( thermal withdrawal latency, TWL) 。 切断时间为 25秒,以防止组织灼伤。
2.7 背部烧伤大鼠皮肤神经末梢 P2X3受体表达实验:
烫伤大鼠每天尾静脉注射葛根素或生理盐水 5ml/kg, 连续 3天后, 各组大鼠腹 腔注射硫喷妥钠 (30mg/kg)深麻醉, 剪取大鼠背部烧伤皮肤, 大小为 1.5-2cm2, 取出 固定,石蜡包埋。免疫组化测定时横断切片,片厚 4μιη。二歩法免疫组织化学染色, DAB 显色。每只大鼠的皮肤隔 5 张取连续二张切片,一张切片做皮肤神经末梢 P2X3受体 表达测定,另一张切片做皮肤神经末梢 S 100表达测定。结果用图像分析系统软件 (武 汉天平影像技术有限公司, HMIAS-2000高清晰彩色医学图文分析系统) 分析 P2X3阳 性神经元平均光密度值。
2.8 实验数据的统计处理:
各组数据以—X ± sem 表示。 多组间比较用单因素方差分析,继以最小显著差法 (LSD)行两两比较。 用 SPSS11.0 软件包进行数据处理。 为差异有显著性。
二、 结果
(一 ) 葛根素对 P2X3受体介导的神经病理痛作用的研究结果 各组大鼠术后均未见肢体运动障碍和自残现象。
1.1行为学研究-
1.1.1 神经病理痛大鼠热痛敏检测:
坐骨神经被结扎 4天后神经病理通模型基本形成, III组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性 损伤组; Chronic constriction injury, CCD 和 IV组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +葛根 素处理组; CCI+ puerarin) 和 VI组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组, CCI+Indocin) 的热缩足反射潜伏期 (thermal withdrawal latency, TWL)较 I组 (假手术 组, sham)、 II组 (单独葛根素组, puerarin)和 V组 (正常对照组, control) 显著性下 降 (p<0.01), 而 I组 (sham;)、 II组 (puerarin)和 V组 (control) 之间相比较无显著性差 异 (p>0.05)。 IV组 (CCI+ puerarin) 热缩足反射潜伏期与 I组 (sham)、 Π组 (puerarin) 和 V组 (control) 之间相比较仍下降 (p<0.01), 但与 III组 (CCI) 之间比较显著性 增加 (p<0.01 )。 14d后, IV组 (CCI+ puerarin) 热缩足反射潜伏期与 V组 (control) 之间相比较无显著性意义 φ>0.05) , 而 III组 (CCI)仍较低 (ρ<0.01 )。 坐骨神经被 结扎 7d后, VI组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组, CCI+Indocin) 与 CCI 组实验大鼠比较其热缩足反射潜伏期增大, 有明显差异 (p<0.01 ), 与 IV组相比无明 显差异性 (p>0.05 )。 见图 1。
1.1.2 神经病理痛大鼠机械痛敏检测:
坐骨神经被结扎 4d 后神经病理通模型基本形成, ΙΠ组 (Chronic constriction injury , CCI). IV组 (CCI+ puerarin) 和 VI组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处 理组, CCI+Indocin) 与 I组 (sham)、 II组 (puerarin)和 V组 (control) 相比, 其机械 缩足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)显著性下降 (p<0.01), 而 I组 (sham), II组 (puerarin)和 V组 (control) 之间相比较无显著性差异 (p>0.05)。 坐骨神 经被结扎 7d后, 虽 IV组 (CCI + puerarin) 与 V组 (control) 相比, 其机械缩足反射 阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)仍低 (p<0.01 ), 但 III组 (CCI) 比 V组 (control) 的械缩足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)更低(p<0,01 ), 而 IV组 (CCI + puerarin) 与 III组 (CCI) 之间比较, 机械缩足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)显著性增加 (p<0.01 )。 坐骨神经被结扎 7d后, VI组 (坐 骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组, CCI+Indocin) 与 CCI组实验大鼠比较其机 械缩足反射阈值增大, 有明显差异 (p<0.01 ), 与 IV组相比无明显差异性 (p>0.05 )。 见图 2。
1.1.3 大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3受体的表达变化:
术后 14d, 用免疫组织化学方法测定大鼠 L4、 L5手术侧背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3 受体的表达。 每只大鼠背根神经节 L4、 L5段切片中隔 5 张取一张切片,用图像分析 系统软件分析 P2X3阳性神经元的灰度变化。 I组 (假手术组, sham)、 II组 (单独
葛根素组, Puerarin)、 III组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤组, CCI)、 IV组 (坐骨神经 慢性压迫性损伤 +葛根素处理组, CCI + puerarin), V组 (正常组, control) 和 VI组 (坐骨祌经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组, CCI+Indocin) 的平均光密度值分别为 1.18±0.03、 1.07±0.03、 1.64土 0.05、 1.28±0.04> 1.15±0.03和 1.34±0.04。 I组、 II组、 V组之间 P2X3受体表达无显著性差异 (p>0.05 ); III组 DRG的 P2X3受体的表达较 I组、 II组、 V组明显增加(p<0.01 ); IV组 DRG的 P2X3受体的表达较 I组、 II组、 V组高(p<0.05 ), 但和 III组相比仍较低 (p<0.05; VI组(坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 + 消炎痛处理组, CCI+Indocin) 与 CCI 组实验大鼠比较 P2X3受体表达明显降低 (p<0.01 ), VI组 DRG的 P2X3受体表达较 I组、 II组、 V组明显增高(p<0.01 ), 但 和 IV组相比稍增高 (p<0.05 )。 见图 3。
1.1.4 大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3受体 m NA的表达变化:
术后 14d, 釆用原位杂交方法测定大鼠 L4、 L5段手术侧背根神经节 0)RG;IP2X3 受体 mRNA的表达。 每只大鼠 L4、 L5背根神经节切片中隔 5 张取一张切片,用图像 分析系统软件分析 P2X3阳性神经元的灰度变化。与免疫组织化学实验结果非常相似, I组 (假手术组, sham)、 II组 (单独葛根素组, Puerarin)、 III组 (坐骨神经慢性压 迫性损伤组, CCI)、 IV组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +葛根素组, CCI + puerarin)、 V组 (正常组, control ) 和 VI组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎痛处理组, CCI+Indocin)的平均光密度值分别为: 0.84士 0.01、 0.82±0.03、 1.33士 0.02、 0.98± 0.05、 0.82±0.02禾 D 1.14士 0.01。 I组、 II组、 IV组、 V组之间 P2X3受体 mRNA表达无显著 性差异 (ρ>0.05); ΠΙ组组 DRG的 P2X3受体 mRNA的表达较 I组、 Π组、 V组明 显增加 (p<0.01 ); IV组 DRG的 P2X3受体 mRNA的表达较 V组高 (p<0.05); VI组 与 III组比较 P2X3受体 mRNA表达下降 (p<0.05 ), 与 I组、 Π组、 IV组、 V组比较 表达升高 (p<0.05 )。 见图 4。
1.1.5 葛根素对大鼠 DRG神经元 ATP或 α,β-meATP激活电流的影响: 实验在各实验组大鼠新鲜分离的 L4/L5手术侧即右侧 DRG细胞上进行,分离的 细胞呈圆形或椭圆形, 实验细胞胞体直径在 25-40 μιη之间。 多数细胞的胞体一侧可 见到卷曲的轴突残根。
实验分为 I组 (假手术组, sham)、 II组 (单独葛根素组, puerarin)、 III组 (坐 骨神经慢性压迫性损伤组, CCI)、 IV组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +葛根素处理组, CCI + puerarin), V组 (正常组, control) 和 VI组 (坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤 +消炎 痛处理组, CCI+Indocin)。 实验共检测 I组 36个细胞, II组 37个细胞, ΙΠ组 39个 细胞, IV组 40个细胞, V组 38个细胞,其中 I组 88.9% (32/36), II组 89.2%(33/37), ΙΠ组 87.2%(34/39), IV组 87.5%(35/40), V组 86.8% (33/38) , VI组 89.7%(35/39)DRG 神经元对细胞外加 ATP ( 1-1000 μηιοΙ L)敏感。 ATP-激活电流(IATP)显示快失敏和 慢失敏两种形式的内向电流 (即尽管激动剂持续存在且浓度不变, 但激活电流上升
到达顶峰之后, 其幅值随时间呈指数性的逐步衰减直至一稳定值)。 六组 DRG神经 元 IATP的完全恢复时间均约为 4-6 min, 但 CCI组较其它四组 DRG神经元对同一浓 度的 ATP产生的 IATP明显增加, 且随着 ATP浓度增加 ATP-激活电流增加更明显 (P<0.05), 其它四组之间没有显著性差异 (p>0.05 )。 CCI+Indocin组较 CCI组电流降 低(p<0.05 ); CCI+Indocin组和 CCI + puerarin组相比电流较大,有显著差异(p<0,05); P2X3受体激动剂 a, p-meATP( ΙΟμιηοΙ/L )-激活电流在 I、 II、 IV、 V、 VI组产生极 小的内向电流, 而在 CCI组为一具有明显去敏感的内向电流 (; ρ<0.01)。 各组 DRG神 经元 ΑΤΡ激活电流效应也表明神经病理痛大鼠 DRG神经细胞 ΑΤΡ激活电流和 I、 II、 V、 VI组比明显增强, CCI模型大鼠葛根素用药组和 I、 II、 V组相比较虽然 有所增加, 但无显著性差异 (; ρ>0.05), 与消炎痛处理组比较电流降低 (ρ<0.05 )。 见 图 5。
(二 ) 葛根素对 Ρ2Χ3受体介导的烧伤痛作用的研究结果
2.1.1 浅 II度烧伤大鼠的确定:
浅 II度烧伤大鼠皮肤浸入 70 °C水中 8s后, 15分钟左右可以观察到有红斑和轻 微水肿形成, 3小时后可以看到有水疱形成, 病理切片 HE染色证实为浅 II度烧伤,见 图 6。 烧伤大鼠在处死之前没有明显感染现象。
2.1.2烧伤大鼠皮肤神经末梢 P2X3受体表达的变化:
应用二步法进行皮肤神经末梢免疫组化,连续切片显示, S-100显色阳性神经末 梢, 同时具有 P2X3免疫阳性表达。 在镜下观察, 可以看到皮肤真皮层的神经末梢主 要分布在乳头层靠近表皮层, 呈散在分布, 或在毛囊、 腺体附近分布, 见图 7。 用图 象分析软件对 P2X3免疫阳性皮肤神经末梢平均光密度值进行分析,结果表明背部皮 肤假烫组、 葛根素注射 +背部皮肤浅 II度组和生理盐水 +背部皮肤浅 II度组的灰度值 分别为: 118.76±18.48、 130.42±13.35、 152.63士 22.62。 生理盐水十背部皮肤浅 Π度组 烧伤后, 皮肤神经末梢 P2 表达明显升高, 与背部皮肤假烫组相比较具有显著性差 异 (p<0.05;i, 葛根素注射 +背部皮肤浅 II度组虽然仍高于背部皮肤假烫组, 但显著性 低于生理盐水 +背部皮肤浅 II度组 (p<0.05)。 表明葛根素可减少烫伤皮肤神经末梢 P2X3的增强表达, 见图 8。
2.1.3 足部烧伤大鼠热痛敏测定:
将有机玻璃箱置于 3 mm厚的玻璃板上, 用 BME-410C型全自动热痛剌激仪照 射大鼠足底。 热辐射剌激仪照射大鼠足底至出现抬腿回避时间为热缩足反射潜伏期 (thermal withdrawal latency, TWL;)。 切断时间为 30秒, 以防止组织灼伤。
烧伤后 1、 24、 48、 72h III (足部浅 II°C烫伤组, superficial second degree foot burn)、 IV (足部浅 II °C樊伤 +葛根素组, superficial second degree foot burn + puerarin) 和 VI (足部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处理组, superficial second degree foot burn +Indocin) 与 I (足部假烫组, sham foot burn )、 II (单独葛根素组, intraperitoneal injection of
puerarin), V (正常组, control)之间相比较, ΠΙ (浅 II°C烫伤组)、 IV (浅 II。C烫伤 +葛根素组) 热缩足反射潜伏期 (: thermal withdrawal latency, TWL)显著性下降 (p<0.01), I (足部假烫组)、 II (单独葛根素组)、 V (正常组)之间相比较无显著性 差异 (p>0.05)。 烧伤后 24h后, IV (足部浅 II °C烫伤 +葛根素组) 和 VI (足部浅 II °C 烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 热缩足反射潜伏期与 I (足部假烫组)、 II (单独葛根素组)、 V (正常组) 之间相比较仍下降 (p<0.01), 但与 ΙΠ (足部浅 II °C 烫伤组) 之间比较 显著性增加 (p<0.01 )。 144h后, IV (足部浅 II °C烫伤 +葛根素组) 和 VI (足部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 热缩足反射潜伏期基本恢复正常 (; p>0.05) , 而 III (足部浅 II°C烫伤组) 仍较低 (p<0.01 )。 见图 9。
2.1.4 足部烧伤大鼠机械痛敏测定:
用 BME-403 Von Frey 细丝测定机械缩足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)。 置大鼠于透明的有机玻璃箱22x l2x22cm3 ) 中, 有机玻璃箱底为 I X l cm2 的铁丝网。术后大鼠放置于实验室饲养, 测试前将大鼠放在有机玻璃箱中适 应 15 min。 折力分别为 0.13, 0.20, 0.33, 0.60, 1.30, 3.60, 5.00, 7.30, 9.90, 20. lg, 折力 ≥20.1g时均记为 20.1g。 从最小折力开始, 每根试验 10次, 直至出现缩足反射次数 大于 5 /10, 即 50%反应阈值 引起 10 次试验中 5 次反应的值。 重复三次, 取其 平均值)。每次剌激间隔时间至少大于 15s,并待剌激引起的反应 (如舔足、甩腿等) 完 全消失。
烧伤后 lh始, III (足部浅 II °C烫伤组)、 IV (足部浅 II °C烫伤 +葛根素组) 与 I (足部假烫组)、 II (单独葛根素组)、 V (正常组) 和 VI (足部浅 II °C 烫伤 +消炎 痛处理组)之间相比较, III (浅 II °C烫伤组)、 IV (浅 n °c烫伤 +葛根素组)和 W (足 部浅 II°C烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 机械缩足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)显著性下降 (p<0.01), 而 I (足部假烫组)、 II (单独葛根素组)、 V (正常组) 之间相比较无显著性差异 Cp>0.05)。 24h后, IV (足部浅 II °C烫伤十葛根素组) 和 VI (足部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 与 III (足部浅 II°C烫伤组) 之间比较, 机械缩 足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)显著性增加(p<0.01 )。 72h或 96h 后 W (足部浅 II°C烫伤 +葛根素组)和 VI 〔足部浅 IPC烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 的机械 缩足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)与 I、 II、 V组之间相比较基 本恢复正常 (p>0.05;>, 而 III (足部浅 II °C 烫伤组) 的机械缩足反射阈值 (mechanical withdrawal threshold, MWT)仍较低 (p<0.01)。 见图 10。
2.1.5 免疫组化检测大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3表达变化:
SD大鼠 (体重 200 ±20g) 随机分为 I (背部假烫组, sham back burn)、 II (单 独葛根素组, Puerarin, intraperitoneal injection)、 III (背部浅 II °C烫伤组, superficial second degree back burn)、 IV (背部浅 II°C ¾伤+葛根素组, superficial second degree back burn + puerarin). V(正常对照组, control) 和 I (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处
理组, superficial second degree back burn + Indocin)。 IV (背部浅 II。C烫伤 +葛根素 组) 大鼠, 烫伤前 30min和烫伤后每天腹腔注射葛根素 (Puerarin, 100mg/kg) , 连 续 3天。 用免疫组织化学方法测定大鼠烫伤部背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3受体的表达。
免疫组化结果经 Himas-2000高清晰彩色医学图文分析系统分析,结果显示 I组、 II组、 ΙΠ组、 IV组、 V组和 VI组的平均光密度值分别为: 1.04±0.04 (n=10)、 1.01±0.02 (n=10)、 1.21±0.04 ( n=10)、 1.10±0.02 (n=10)、 1.03±0.02和 1.16士 0.03 (n=10)。
III (背部浅 II°C烫伤组) 明显高于 I组、 II组、 IV组、 V组(p<0.01 ), VI (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 与 III (背部浅 II °C烫伤组) 比较 P2X3 mRNA表达降低 (p<0.05 ), I、 II、 V组之间 P2X3受体表达无显著性差异 (p>0.05 ); IV (背部浅 II°C烫伤 +葛根素组) 与 I、 II、 V组之间 P2X3受体表达相比稍偏高, 但无统计学 意义(p>0.05 ), 与 ΙΠ (背部浅 II °C烫伤组) 比较 DRG的 P2X3受体的表达量明显下 降 (p<0.01 ), 与 VI (背部浅 II °C烫伤+消炎痛处理组) 比较 DRG的 P2X3受体的表 达量下降 (p<0.05 )。 见图 11。
2.1.6 原位杂交检测大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3的 mRNA表达变化:
SD大鼠 (;体重 200 ±20g)随机分为 I (背部假烫组, sham back burn;)、 II (单独 葛根素组, puerarin, intraperitoneal injection)、IIK背部浅 II °C资伤组, superficial second degree back burn)、 IV (背部浅 II °C燹伤十葛根素组, superficial second degree back burn + puerarin). V (正常对照组, control) 和 I (背部浅 II °C 烫伤+消炎痛处理组, superficial second degree back burn + Indocin)。 IV (背部浅 IPC烫伤+葛根素组), 烫 伤前 30min和烫伤后, 大鼠每天腹腔注射葛根素 (puerarin 100mg/kg), 连续 3天。 VI 组实验大鼠于烫伤前 30min和烫伤后, 每天腹腔注射消炎痛 4mg/kg/d, 连续 3天。
原位杂交结果经 Hmias-2000高清晰彩色医学图文分析系统测定大鼠烫伤部背根 神经节 (DRG)P2X3受体的表达。 结果显示, I组、 Π组、 ΙΠ组、 IV组、 V组和 VI组 的平均光密度值分别为: 1.01±0.03 (n=10)、 0.97±0.01 (n=10)、 1.15±0.04 (n=10)、 1.01士0.03 (n=10)、 0.99±0.02 (n=10) 和 1 ,06±0.05 (n=10) D。 III (背部浅 II°C烫伤 组) P2X3 mRNA表达明显高于 I组、 II组、 IV组、 V组 (p<0.05 ), I、 II、 V组 之间 P2X3 mRNA表达无显著性差异 (p>0.05 ); VI (背部浅 IPC烫伤 +消炎痛处理 组) 与 ΙΠ (背部浅 II°C烫伤组) 比较 P2X3 mRNA表达下降 (p<0.05 ), IV (背部浅 IPC烫伤 +葛根素组)与 ΠΙ (背部浅 II°C烫伤组) 比较, DRG的 P2X3 mRNA的表 达量显著性下降 (ρ<ο.οι ), IV (背部浅 n°c烫伤 +葛根素组) 与 (背部浅 II °c烫 伤 +消炎痛处理组) 比较, DRG的 P2X3 mRNA的表达量下降 (p<0.05 ), 与 I、 II、
V组之间比较无明显差异 (p>0.05)。 见图 12。
2丄 7 蛋白印迹检测大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3蛋白表达变化:
SD大鼠 (体重 200 ±20g)随机分为 I (背部假烫组, sham back burn;)、 II (单独 葛根素组, puerarin, intraperitoneal injection)、IIK背部浅 II °C资伤组, superficial second
degree back burn)、 IV (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +葛根素组, superficial second degree back burn + puerarin) , V (正常对照组, control) 和 VI (背部浅 II °C 烫伤 +消炎痛处理组, superficial second degree back burn + Indocin)。 IV (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +葛根素组), 大 鼠烫伤前 30min和烫伤后每天腹腔注射葛根素 puerarm, 100mg/kg), 连续 3天。 VI 组实验大鼠于烫伤前 30min和烫伤后, 每天腹腔注射消炎痛 4mg/kg/d, 连续 3天。
结果通过 Alpha Imager 2200图像分析软件读取目的条带在 X光胶片上测得的光 密度扫描值, 以各组 β-actin条带的扫描值标化其相应组 P2X3的蛋白表达量。 结果 显示, I组、 II组、 III组、 IV组、 V组和 VI组的 P2X3的蛋白表达量(经对应的 β-actin 标化后) 分别为: 0.99±0.07 (n=3 )、 0.97±0.02 (n=3 )、 1.23±0.06 ( n=3 )、 0.93±0.02 (n=3 )、 0.98±0.02 ( n=3 ) 和 1.14±0.03 ( n=3 )。。 III (背部浅 II。C烫伤组) P2X3 蛋 白的表达明显高于 I组、 II组、 IV组、 V组(p<0.01 ),; VI (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎 痛处理组) P2X3 蛋白的表达低于 III (背部浅 II °C烫伤组) (p<0.05 ); I 、 Π、 V组 之间 Ρ2Χ3 蛋白的表达无显著性差异 (ρ>0.05 ), 而 IV (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +葛根素组) 与 I 、 II、 V组之间相比, DRG的 P2X3 蛋白的表达相对量更低, 但无显著性差异 (p>0.05 ) , 与 ΙΠ (背部浅 II °C烫伤组) 比较, DRG的 P2X3 蛋白的表达相对量明显 下降 (p<0.01 ), 与 VI (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 比较, DRG的 P2X3 蛋白 的表达相对量下降 (p<0.05 )。。 见图 13。
2.1.8 RT-PCR检测大鼠背根神经节 (DRG)P2X3的 mRNA表达变化:
SD大鼠 (体重 200 ±20g)随机分为 I (背部假烫组, sham back burn;)、 II (单独 葛根素组 , puerarin, intraperitoneal injection). Ill (背部浅 II。C烫伤组, superficial second degree back burn)、 IV (背部浅 II °C ¾伤+葛根素组, superficial second degree back burn + puerarin) V OE常对照组, control) 和 VI (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处 理组, superficial second degree back burn + Indocin)。 IV (背部浅 II。C烫伤十葛根素 组), 大鼠烫伤前 30min和烫伤后每天腹腔注射葛根素 (puerarin, 100mg/kg), 连续 3 天。 VI组实验大鼠于烫伤前 30min和烫伤后, 每天腹腔注射消炎痛 4mg/kg/d, 连续 3天。
引物设计: 选用 β-actin作为内参, 引物序列如下:
Primer P2X3 (产物长度为 519bp )
S 5' -CAACTTCAGGTTTGCCAAA-3 '
A 5' - TGAAC AGTGAGGGCCTAGAT - 3 '
Primer β-actin (产物长度为 240bp)
S 5' - TAAAGACCTCTATGCC AAC AC AGT - 3 '
A 5' - CACGATGGAGGGGCCGGACTCATC - 3 '
采用凝胶成像系统读取目的电泳条带的斑点密度(平均光密度)扫描值,将 P2X3 条带与其对应的 β-actin条带的比值作为 P2X3 mRNA表达的相对量。 结果显示, I
组、 II组、 III组、 IV组、 V组和 VI组 P2X3 mRNA表达相对量 (经对应的 β-actin标 化后) 分别为: 0.88±0.02 (n=3 )、 0.89± 0.02 (n=3 )、 1.04± 0.03 ( n=3 )、 0.90± 0.02
(n=3 )、 0.91± 0.03 (n=3 )和 0.97± 0.02 (n=3 )„ III (背部浅 II。C烫伤组) P2X3 mRNA 的表达明显高于 I组、 II组、 IV组、 V组 (p<0.01 ), VI (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛 处理组) P2X3 mRNA的表达低于 III (背部浅 II。C烫伤组) 〔p<0.05 ), I、 II、 V组 之间 P2 mRNA的表达无显著性差异 (p>0.05 ), 而 IV (背部浅 II °C烫伤+葛根素 组)与 ΙΠ (背部浅 II °C烫伤组)比较 DRG的 P2X3 mRNA的表达明显下降(p<0.01 ), 与 VI (背部浅 II °C烫伤 +消炎痛处理组) 比较 DRG的 P2X3 mRNA的表达量较低
(p<0.05 ), 与 I、 II、 V组之间相比无明显差异 (p>0.05 )。。 见图 14。
申请人实验室的研究发现葛根素可减轻神经病理痛及烫伤痛大鼠的痛行为反 应。 非 体类抗炎镇痛药消炎痛处理组可明显减轻 CCI模型大鼠及烫伤痛大鼠的机 械和热痛敏反应,但对 CCI模型大鼠及烫伤痛大鼠背根初级感觉神经细胞 P2X3受体 表达的影响低于葛根素处理组。 根据葛根素减小神经病理痛和烧伤痛大鼠背根神经 节神经元 P2X3受体的表达、 抑制 P2X3受体激动剂 ATP和 α, β-meATP在正常大鼠 背根祌经节神经元的激活电流的研究结果, 表明葛根素减轻疼痛的作用机理是阻断 Ρ2Χ3受体介导的疼痛信息传递, 具有防治疼痛的作用。 此外, 由于 Ρ2Χ嘌呤受体涉 及体内许多生理功能和病理作用, 探寻出新的嘌吟受体特异性阻断剂, 将极大地推 动嘌呤信息系统在体内各种生理功能和病理作用的研究工作。 实施例 1 :
用本技术领域公知的方法, 制成适用于急性痛 /慢性痛治疗的口服、 注射或局部 应用 (如局敷) 的葛根素制剂。 与非甾体类抗炎镇痛药消炎痛处理组大鼠实验结果 相比表明葛根素是作用于 Ρ2Χ3受体产生镇痛效应。相对于阿片类等镇痛药物的副作 用大易产生药物耐受与依赖以及戒断综合征, 消炎痛等抗炎镇痛药毒副作用大等不 足之处, 中药有效成份毒副作用小, 葛根素为心血管疾病临床上已经应用的药物, 更利于其作为镇痛药物的开发应用。
实施例 2:
用本技术领域公知的方法,制成适用于涉及 Ρ2Χ3受体介导神经系统疾病治疗的 口服、 注射或局部应用 (如局敷) 的葛根素制剂。 CCI模型大鼠及烫伤痛大鼠非甾 体类抗炎镇痛药消炎痛处理组显示可明显减轻大鼠的机械和热痛敏反应, 但对 CCI 模型大鼠及烫伤痛大鼠背根初级感觉神经细胞 Ρ2Χ3受体表达的影响低于葛根素处 理组, 显示葛根素的镇痛作用机理与消炎痛不同, 葛根素可通过降低 Ρ2Χ3受体表达 产生作用。 进而表明葛根素可能成为 Ρ2Χ3受体介导神经系统疾病防治的药物。
Claims
权 利 要 求 书
、 葛根素在制备用于治疗涉及 P2X3受体介导的慢性痛的药物中的应用。 、 根据权利要求 1所述的应用, 其中所述慢性痛为神经病理痛。
、 葛根素在制备用于治疗涉及?2 3受体介导的急性痛的药物中的应用。 、 根据权利要求 3所述的应用, 其中所述急性痛为烧伤痛。
、 葛根素在制备涉及 P2X3受体介导的神经系统疾病防治药物中的应用。
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CN110970115A (zh) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-04-07 | 广西科技大学 | 中药方剂性味归经的信息化表示方法 |
CN114903984A (zh) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-16 | 广东省人民医院 | 鸡蛋白溶菌酶在缓解慢性疼痛中的应用 |
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JP5893135B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-28 | 2016-03-23 | ビボゾーン インコーポレイテッド | 多重ターゲッティングの相乗効果を誘発する有効物質の組合せ及びその用途 |
CN104132965B (zh) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-03-09 | 江西科技师范大学 | 远志皂苷对大鼠海马神经元突触传递的作用的试验方法 |
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CN110292616A (zh) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-01 | 张新峰 | 治疗筋骨疼痛的药物组合物及其使用方法 |
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CN114903984A (zh) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-16 | 广东省人民医院 | 鸡蛋白溶菌酶在缓解慢性疼痛中的应用 |
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