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WO2010004191A1 - Electromagnetic actuator with flux by-pass - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator with flux by-pass Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010004191A1
WO2010004191A1 PCT/FR2009/051280 FR2009051280W WO2010004191A1 WO 2010004191 A1 WO2010004191 A1 WO 2010004191A1 FR 2009051280 W FR2009051280 W FR 2009051280W WO 2010004191 A1 WO2010004191 A1 WO 2010004191A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
armature
magnet
electromagnetic actuator
magnetic
actuator according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/051280
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrice Joyeux
Edouard Dezille
Original Assignee
Hager-Electro Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hager-Electro Sas filed Critical Hager-Electro Sas
Priority to EP09794029.0A priority Critical patent/EP2311058B1/en
Publication of WO2010004191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010004191A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
    • H01H71/321—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
    • H01F7/145—Rotary electromagnets with variable gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H01H50/42—Auxiliary magnetic circuits, e.g. for maintaining armature in, or returning armature to, position of rest, for damping or accelerating movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet electromagnetic actuator conventionally comprising a magnetic armature, at least one movable pallet, a spring mechanism and electrical means comprising at least one conductor whose current variations make it possible to vary the flux in the magnetic circuit. to change the balance between the magnetic force and that of the spring.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an actuator with very high sensitivity, that is to say operating with a minimum value of ampere / revolution generating however at at least one gap a flow variation sufficient to counterbalance the mechanical force and cause the movement of a pallet.
  • the idea underlying the invention is to work on a flow bypass scheme, the change of the flux at the gap or air gaps being obtained indirectly because of a configuration of the magnetic circuit in which occurs an imbalance of the magnetic reluctances seen by the magnet.
  • the conductor (s) capable of generating flow by passing the current through which it travels cooperates with one or more portions of the armature which is (are) closed, and therefore does not have an air gap but at least one equilibrium reluctance.
  • the flow produced has an effect aimed at unbalancing the said reluctances seen by the magnet, which compensates for the imbalance and makes it possible to break - at the level of the gaps concerned by the flow variations - the equilibrium with the mechanical return forces.
  • the actuator of the invention more precisely comprising a permanent magnet, a ferromagnetic armature, one or two pallets (s) creating at least one gap with the armature and mobile (s) between at least one position opening and a closed position, the mechanical return means of each pallet in the open position and at least one electrical conductor capable of generating a magnetic flux in the armature, characteristically essential in that the magnet, the armature and the vanes are arranged so that the magnet generates fluxes in two magnetic circuits in parallel each comprising at least a portion of the armature, a common branch comprising magnet and one of the two pallets or a fraction of the pallet separated from said reinforcing portion by at least one air gap, the conductor or conductors being capable of generating, in at least one additional closed magnetic loop of the frame comprising at least a common branch with said circuits in parallel, a flow that adds to the flux created by the magnet in one of the circuits and is subtracted in the other.
  • the actuator may comprise a single pallet disposed substantially perpendicularly to the magnet or to a branch of the armature comprising the magnet, the closed loop of the armature cooperating with the conductor or conductors being then disposed to the opposite of the pallet with respect to the magnet.
  • the pallet may consist of a rectilinear beam joining two lateral branches of the armature surrounding a central branch comprising the magnet, said branches being interconnected by a portion of the closed loop of the armature.
  • the pallet may be U-shaped whose legs are placed on either side of the central branch comprising the magnet, their free ends forming two air gaps with a portion of the closed loop of the frame.
  • the closed magnetic loop may either comprise a coil wound around a portion of the closed loop of the armature separate from the parallel magnetic circuits, or surround at least two power supply conductors of an electrical circuit.
  • the closed loop of the frame can obviously take various forms, for example rectangular, of circular shape etc.
  • the actuator of the invention may comprise two vanes whose ends form separate air gaps with the two additional closed magnetic loops arranged at both ends of the common branch of the armature comprising the magnet, said loops surrounding at least two power supply conductors of an electrical circuit.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a first possible form of actuator for the invention, with a closed loop
  • Figure 2 shows the electromagnetic scheme equivalent to the structure of Figure 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of FIG. 1 in which the closed loop surrounds two conductors;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a V-configuration possibility for a closed two-loop version;
  • Figure 5 shows a side view
  • the frame 1 comprises a loop 2 surmounted by two lateral branches 3 and 4 in the middle of which is a permanent magnet 5.
  • a rectilinear palette 6 joins the two branches 3 and 4.
  • the loop 2 is endowed a coil 7 surrounding one of its branches.
  • Material reluctances such as Rpal, R1 and R2 are nonlinear and saturable.
  • the Rmat_haut and Rmat_bas reluctances may represent a gap and / or a saturable magnetic material.
  • the Renti and Rent2 reluctances represent the equivalent gap between the pallet and the armature.
  • the coil flux tends to decrease R1 (phi) x phi and to increase R2 (phi) x phi. Seen by the magnet, the previous balance is changed. It therefore generates more magnetic flux on one side than the other to compensate for this imbalance (in the example, we will have phi1 which will increase and phi2 which will decrease). He is thus creates a variation of magnetic flux and therefore of magnetic force on the polar surfaces.
  • the closed loop 2 ' is of circular shape, whereas the pallet 6' is in U, integrating the lateral branches 3 'and 4'.
  • the supply conductors are directly surrounded by the actuator of the invention which groups together both the current unbalance detection torus, in this case the loop 2 ', and the "relay" portion constituted by the upper part of the structure 1 'of the invention.
  • the configurations 10, 10 'of the following figures have two closed loops, but they operate according to the same principle.
  • the common branch 11 comprises a central magnet 12 and two end loops 13, 13 '.
  • Two pallets 14, 14 ' have polar surfaces 15, 15' and 16, 16 'facing opposite sides 17, 17' and 18, 18 'of the closed loops 13, 13'.
  • Two supply conductors pass through said loops 13, 13 '. It is the same conductors in the two loops 13, 13 ', because the structure is in V, the representation is a view from above.
  • a side view is shown in Figure 5.
  • the operation is based on the same principle, the flows 21, 21 '(in dashed lines) created in the two loops 13, 13' adding to the flow 22 '(line full) of one of the circuits in parallel and withdrawing from the flow 22 of the other.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

Electromagnetic actuator with flux by-pass comprising: a permanent magnet; a ferromagnetic armature; one or two keepers creating at least one gap with the armature and able to move between an open position and a closed position; mechanical return means for returning each keeper to the open position; and at least one electrical conductor capable of generating a magnetic flux in the armature. The magnet, the armature and the keepers are arranged in such a way that the magnet generates lines of flux in two magnetic circuits in parallel, each comprising at least one portion of the armature, a common branch comprising the magnet and one of the two keepers, or a fraction of the keeper separated from said portion of the armature by at least one gap, and in that the conductor or conductors are capable of generating, in at least one additional closed magnetic loop of the armature that includes at least one common branch with said parallel circuits, a flux which is added to the flux created by the magnet in one of the circuits and subtracted therefrom in the other.

Description

Actionneur électromagnétique à dérivation de flux Electromagnetic actuator with flow bypass
La présente invention concerne un actionneur électromagnétique à aimant permanent comportant classiquement une armature magnétique, au moins une palette mobile, un mécanisme à ressort et des moyens électriques comprenant au moins un conducteur dont les variations de courant permettent de faire varier le flux dans le circuit magnétique en vue de modifier l'équilibre entre la force magnétique et celle du ressort.The present invention relates to a permanent magnet electromagnetic actuator conventionally comprising a magnetic armature, at least one movable pallet, a spring mechanism and electrical means comprising at least one conductor whose current variations make it possible to vary the flux in the magnetic circuit. to change the balance between the magnetic force and that of the spring.
Le but de l'invention est de réaliser un actionneur à très haute sensibilité, c'est à dire fonctionnant avec une valeur minimale d'ampère/tours générant cependant au niveau d'au moins un entrefer une variation de flux suffisante pour contre balancer la force mécanique et provoquer le déplacement d'une palette.The object of the invention is to provide an actuator with very high sensitivity, that is to say operating with a minimum value of ampere / revolution generating however at at least one gap a flow variation sufficient to counterbalance the mechanical force and cause the movement of a pallet.
L'idée à la base de l'invention est de travailler sur un schéma à dérivation de flux, la modification du flux au niveau de l'entrefer ou des entrefers étant obtenue indirectement du fait d'une configuration du circuit magnétique dans laquelle se produit un déséquilibre des réluctances magnétiques vues par l'aimant. Dans cette hypothèse, le ou les conducteurs aptes à générer du flux par passage du courant qui le(s) parcourt coopère(nt) avec une ou plusieurs portion(s) de l'armature qui est(sont) fermée(s), et ne comporte(nt) dès lors pas d'entrefer mais au moins une réluctance d'équilibre. Le flux produit a en revanche un effet visant à déséquilibrer lesdites réluctances vues par l'aimant, lequel compense le déséquilibre et permet de rompre - au niveau des entrefers concernés par les variations de flux - l'équilibre avec les forces mécaniques de rappel.The idea underlying the invention is to work on a flow bypass scheme, the change of the flux at the gap or air gaps being obtained indirectly because of a configuration of the magnetic circuit in which occurs an imbalance of the magnetic reluctances seen by the magnet. In this hypothesis, the conductor (s) capable of generating flow by passing the current through which it travels cooperates with one or more portions of the armature which is (are) closed, and therefore does not have an air gap but at least one equilibrium reluctance. On the other hand, the flow produced has an effect aimed at unbalancing the said reluctances seen by the magnet, which compensates for the imbalance and makes it possible to break - at the level of the gaps concerned by the flow variations - the equilibrium with the mechanical return forces.
A cet effet, l'actionneur de l'invention, comportant plus précisément un aimant permanent, une armature ferromagnétique, une ou deux palette(s) créant au moins un entrefer avec l'armature et mobile(s) entre au moins une position d'ouverture et une position de fermeture, des moyens mécaniques de rappel de chaque palette en position d'ouverture et au moins un conducteur électrique apte à générer un flux magnétique dans l'armature, se caractérise à titre essentiel en ce que l'aimant, l'armature et les palettes sont agencés de sorte que l'aimant génère des flux dans deux circuits magnétiques en parallèle comportant chacun au moins une portion de l'armature, une branche commune comprenant l'aimant et une des deux palettes ou une fraction de la palette séparée de ladite portion d'armature par au moins un entrefer, le ou les conducteurs étant aptes à générer, dans au moins une boucle magnétique additionnelle fermée de l'armature comportant au moins une branche commune avec lesdits circuits en parallèle, un flux qui s'additionne au flux créé par l'aimant dans un des circuits et s'y soustrait dans l'autre.For this purpose, the actuator of the invention, more precisely comprising a permanent magnet, a ferromagnetic armature, one or two pallets (s) creating at least one gap with the armature and mobile (s) between at least one position opening and a closed position, the mechanical return means of each pallet in the open position and at least one electrical conductor capable of generating a magnetic flux in the armature, characteristically essential in that the magnet, the armature and the vanes are arranged so that the magnet generates fluxes in two magnetic circuits in parallel each comprising at least a portion of the armature, a common branch comprising magnet and one of the two pallets or a fraction of the pallet separated from said reinforcing portion by at least one air gap, the conductor or conductors being capable of generating, in at least one additional closed magnetic loop of the frame comprising at least a common branch with said circuits in parallel, a flow that adds to the flux created by the magnet in one of the circuits and is subtracted in the other.
Le principe de la structure de l'invention consiste à générer une forte variation de flux sur la ou les palettes avec un minimum d'ampères-tour dans une portion fermée du circuit magnétique global, grâce à la modification de l'équilibre des réluctances obtenue dans l'ensemble dudit circuit. Selon une configuration possible, l'actionneur peut comporter une unique palette disposée sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'aimant ou à une branche de l'armature comprenant l'aimant, la boucle fermée de l'armature coopérant avec le ou les conducteurs étant alors disposée à l'opposée de la palette par rapport à l'aimant. Plus précisément encore, la palette peut être constituée d'une poutrelle rectiligne rejoignant deux branches latérales de l'armature entourant une branche centrale comportant l'aimant, lesdites branches étant reliées entre elles par une portion de la boucle fermée de l'armature.The principle of the structure of the invention consists in generating a strong variation of flux on the pallet or pallets with a minimum of ampere-turns in a closed portion of the overall magnetic circuit, thanks to the modification of the balance of the reluctances obtained. in all of said circuit. According to a possible configuration, the actuator may comprise a single pallet disposed substantially perpendicularly to the magnet or to a branch of the armature comprising the magnet, the closed loop of the armature cooperating with the conductor or conductors being then disposed to the opposite of the pallet with respect to the magnet. More precisely, the pallet may consist of a rectilinear beam joining two lateral branches of the armature surrounding a central branch comprising the magnet, said branches being interconnected by a portion of the closed loop of the armature.
Alternativement la palette peut être en forme de U dont les jambages sont placés de part et d'autre de la branche centrale comportant l'aimant, leurs extrémités libres formant deux entrefers avec une portion de la boucle fermée de l'armature.Alternatively the pallet may be U-shaped whose legs are placed on either side of the central branch comprising the magnet, their free ends forming two air gaps with a portion of the closed loop of the frame.
Selon l'invention, la boucle magnétique fermée peut soit comporter une bobine enroulée autour d'une partie de la boucle fermée de l'armature distincte des circuits magnétiques parallèles, soit entourer au moins deux conducteurs d'alimentation d'un circuit électrique. La boucle fermée de l'armature peut évidemment prendre diverse forme, par exemple rectangulaire, d'allure circulaire etc.According to the invention, the closed magnetic loop may either comprise a coil wound around a portion of the closed loop of the armature separate from the parallel magnetic circuits, or surround at least two power supply conductors of an electrical circuit. The closed loop of the frame can obviously take various forms, for example rectangular, of circular shape etc.
Selon une alternative configurationnelle, l'actionneur de l'invention peut comporter deux palettes dont les extrémités forment des entrefers distincts avec les deux boucles magnétiques additionnelles fermées disposées aux deux extrémités de la branche commune de l'armature comportant l'aimant, lesdites boucles entourant au moins deux conducteurs d'alimentation d'un circuit électrique.According to a configurational alternative, the actuator of the invention may comprise two vanes whose ends form separate air gaps with the two additional closed magnetic loops arranged at both ends of the common branch of the armature comprising the magnet, said loops surrounding at least two power supply conductors of an electrical circuit.
Diverses configurations sont alors possibles, par exemple avec une branche commune en V ou en U, l'aimant en formant la base, des palettes elles-mêmes rectilignes ou en U etc.Various configurations are then possible, for example with a common branch V or U, the magnet forming the base, pallets themselves rectilinear or U etc.
L'invention va à présent être décrite plus en détail, en référence à des exemples illustrés par les figures annexées, pour lesquelles :The invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to examples illustrated by the appended figures, for which:
La figure 1 représente schématiquement une première forme possible d'actionneur pour l'invention, avec une boucle fermée ;Figure 1 shows schematically a first possible form of actuator for the invention, with a closed loop;
La figure 2 montre le schéma électromagnétique équivalent à la structure de la figure 1 ;Figure 2 shows the electromagnetic scheme equivalent to the structure of Figure 1;
La figure 3 montre une variante de la figure 1 dans laquelle la boucle fermée entoure deux conducteurs ; La figure 4 illustre une possibilité de configuration en V pour une version à deux boucles fermées ; etFIG. 3 shows a variant of FIG. 1 in which the closed loop surrounds two conductors; FIG. 4 illustrates a V-configuration possibility for a closed two-loop version; and
La figure 5 en montre une vue de côté.Figure 5 shows a side view.
En référence à la figure 1 , l'armature 1 comporte une boucle 2 surmontée par deux branches latérales 3 et 4 au milieu desquelles se trouve un aimant permanent 5. Un palette rectiligne 6 joint les deux branches 3 et 4. La boucle 2 est dotée d'une bobine 7 entourant une de ses branches.Referring to Figure 1, the frame 1 comprises a loop 2 surmounted by two lateral branches 3 and 4 in the middle of which is a permanent magnet 5. A rectilinear palette 6 joins the two branches 3 and 4. The loop 2 is endowed a coil 7 surrounding one of its branches.
Le fonctionnement magnétique est expliqué en figure 2. Sans défaut électrique, l'aimant voit globalement deux branches de réluctances magnétiques en parallèle. II génère alors dans chaque branches un flux magnétique tel que : Rpal1 (phi1) x phi1+ Rent1 (phi1) x phi1+ Rmat_haut(phi1+phi2) x (phi1+phi2) + Rmat_bas(phi1+phi2) x (phi1+phi2)+R1(phi1) x phi1 = Rpal2(phi2) x phi2 + Rent2(phi2) x phi2+ Rmat_haut(phi1+phi2) x (phi1+phi2) + Rmat_bas(phi1+phi2) x (phi1+phi2) + R2(phi2) x phi2The magnetic operation is explained in FIG. 2. With no electrical fault, the magnet generally sees two branches of magnetic reluctance in parallel. It then generates in each branch a magnetic flux such that: Rpal1 (phi1) x phi1 + Rent1 (phi1) x phi1 + Rmat_high (phi1 + phi2) x (phi1 + phi2) + Rmat_bas (phi1 + phi2) x (phi1 + phi2) + R1 (phi1) xphi1 = Rpal2 (phi2) x phi2 + Rent2 (phi2) x phi2 + Rmat_high (phi1 + phi2) x (phi1 + phi2) + Rmat_bas (phi1 + phi2) x (phi1 + phi2) + R2 (phi2) x phi2
Avec phi1+phi2=flux généré par l'aimant (aux fuites magnétiques près) Dans cette hypothèse, l'aimant équilibre la valeur des flux pour équilibrer la valeur des réluctances.With phi1 + phi2 = flux generated by the magnet (magnetic leakage near) In this case, the magnet balances the value of the fluxes to balance the value of the reluctances.
Les réluctances liées au matériau comme Rpal, R1 et R2 sont non linéaires et saturables. Les réluctances Rmat_haut et Rmat_bas peuvent représenter un entrefer et/ou un matériau magnétique saturable.Material reluctances such as Rpal, R1 and R2 are nonlinear and saturable. The Rmat_haut and Rmat_bas reluctances may represent a gap and / or a saturable magnetic material.
Les réluctances Renti et Rent2 représentent l'entrefer équivalent existant entre la palette et l'armature.The Renti and Rent2 reluctances represent the equivalent gap between the pallet and the armature.
Lorsqu'un défaut électrique apparaît, la bobine génère un flux magnétique dans la boucle fermée Rbas, R1 et R2. Cela a pour effet de :When an electrical fault appears, the coil generates a magnetic flux in the closed loop Rbas, R1 and R2. This has the effect of:
• Soit diminuer R2 et augmenter R1• Reduce R2 and increase R1
• Soit diminuer R1 et augmenter R2• Reduce R1 and increase R2
En effet, dans le cas ou le flux de la bobine est dans le sens de celle de la figure 2, on a la relation suivante:Indeed, in the case where the flow of the coil is in the direction of that of Figure 2, there is the following relationship:
Rpal1 (phi1) x phh+Rent1 (phi1) x phi1 + Rmat_haut(phi1+phi2) xRpal1 (phi1) x phh + Rent1 (phi1) x phi1 + Rmat_high (phi1 + phi2) x
(phi1+phi2) + Rmat_bas(phi1+phi2) x (phi1+phi2+phi_bob) + R1 (phi1- phi_bob) x (phi1-phi_bob) = Rpal2(phi2) x phi2 + Rent2(phi2) x phi2 +(phi1 + phi2) + Rmat_bas (phi1 + phi2) x (phi1 + phi2 + phi_bob) + R1 (phi1phi_bob) x (phi1-phi_bob) = Rpal2 (phi2) xphi2 + Rent2 (phi2) x phi2 +
Rmat_haut(phi1+phi2) x (phi1+phi2) + Rmat_bas(phi1+phi2) x (phi1+phi2) + R2(phi2+phi_bob) x (phi2+phi_bob)Rmat_high (phi1 + phi2) x (phi1 + phi2) + Rmat_bas (phi1 + phi2) x (phi1 + phi2) + R2 (phi2 + phi_bob) x (phi2 + phi_bob)
Le flux de la bobine tend a diminuer R1 (phi) x phi et à augmenter R2(phi) x phi. Vu par l'aimant, l'équilibre précédent est modifié. Il génère donc plus de flux magnétique d'un côté que de l'autre pour compenser ce déséquilibre (dans l'exemple, on aura phi1 qui va augmenter et phi2 qui va diminuer). Il se crée ainsi une variation de flux magnétique et donc de force magnétique sur les surfaces polaires.The coil flux tends to decrease R1 (phi) x phi and to increase R2 (phi) x phi. Seen by the magnet, the previous balance is changed. It therefore generates more magnetic flux on one side than the other to compensate for this imbalance (in the example, we will have phi1 which will increase and phi2 which will decrease). He is thus creates a variation of magnetic flux and therefore of magnetic force on the polar surfaces.
La démonstration ci-dessus est effectuée pour un sens du courant. Elle peut également l'être pour l'autre. L'avantage de cette solution réside dans le fait qu'avec peu d'ampères tour, la structure de l'invention génère une forte variation de flux sur la palette grâce à la modification de l'équilibre des réluctances.The above demonstration is performed for one direction of the current. It can also be for the other. The advantage of this solution lies in the fact that with little amperes, the structure of the invention generates a large variation of flux on the pallet by modifying the balance of the reluctances.
Différents types de structure peuvent appliquer ce principe, dont notamment celles des figures suivantes. Ainsi, en figure 3, la boucle fermée 2' est d'allure circulaire, alors que la palette 6' est en U, intégrant les branches latérales 3' et 4'. Dans cette configuration, les conducteurs d'alimentation sont directement entourés par l'actionneur de l'invention qui regroupe à la fois le tore de détection du déséquilibre de courant, en l'espèce la boucle 2', et la partie « relais » constituée par la partie supérieure de la structure 1 ' de l'invention.Different types of structure can apply this principle, including those of the following figures. Thus, in FIG. 3, the closed loop 2 'is of circular shape, whereas the pallet 6' is in U, integrating the lateral branches 3 'and 4'. In this configuration, the supply conductors are directly surrounded by the actuator of the invention which groups together both the current unbalance detection torus, in this case the loop 2 ', and the "relay" portion constituted by the upper part of the structure 1 'of the invention.
Les configurations 10, 10' des figures suivantes sont à deux boucles fermées, mais elles fonctionnent suivant le même principe. En figure 4, la branche commune 11 comporte un aimant 12 central et deux boucles 13, 13' d'extrémité. Deux palettes 14, 14' présente des surfaces polaires 15, 15' et 16, 16' faisant face à des côtés opposés 17, 17' et 18, 18' des boucles fermées 13, 13'. Deux conducteurs d'alimentation passent par lesdites boucles 13, 13'. Il s'agit des mêmes conducteurs dans les deux boucles 13, 13', car la structure est en V, la représentation est une vue de dessus. Une vue de côté en est montrée en figure 5. Le fonctionnement est basé sur le même principe, les flux 21 , 21 ' (en traits pointillés) créés dans les deux boucles 13, 13' s'additionnant au flux 22' (en trait plein) de l'un des circuits en parallèle et se soustrayant au flux 22 de l'autre.The configurations 10, 10 'of the following figures have two closed loops, but they operate according to the same principle. In Figure 4, the common branch 11 comprises a central magnet 12 and two end loops 13, 13 '. Two pallets 14, 14 'have polar surfaces 15, 15' and 16, 16 'facing opposite sides 17, 17' and 18, 18 'of the closed loops 13, 13'. Two supply conductors pass through said loops 13, 13 '. It is the same conductors in the two loops 13, 13 ', because the structure is in V, the representation is a view from above. A side view is shown in Figure 5. The operation is based on the same principle, the flows 21, 21 '(in dashed lines) created in the two loops 13, 13' adding to the flow 22 '(line full) of one of the circuits in parallel and withdrawing from the flow 22 of the other.
Bien d'autres configurations sont possibles, les exemples illustrés ne pouvant être considérés comme exhaustifs de l'invention. Many other configurations are possible, the illustrated examples not being considered exhaustive of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Actionneur électromagnétique à dérivation de flux comportant un aimant permanent, une armature ferromagnétique, une ou deux palette(s) créant au moins un entrefer avec l'armature et mobile(s) entre une position d'ouverture une position de fermeture, des moyens mécaniques de rappel de chaque palette en position d'ouverture et au moins un conducteur électrique apte à générer un flux magnétique dans l'armature, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant, l'armature et les palettes sont agencés de sorte que l'aimant génère des flux dans deux circuits magnétiques en parallèle comportant chacun au moins une portion de l'armature, une branche commune comprenant l'aimant et une des deux palettes ou une fraction de la palette séparée de ladite portion d'armature par au moins un entrefer, et en ce que le ou les conducteurs sont aptes à générer, dans au moins une boucle magnétique additionnelle fermée de l'armature comportant au moins une branche commune avec lesdits circuits en parallèle, un flux qui s'additionne au flux créé par l'aimant dans un des circuits et s'y soustrait dans l'autre.1. Electromagnetic flow-diversion actuator comprising a permanent magnet, a ferromagnetic armature, one or two pallets creating at least one gap with the armature and movable between an open position a closed position, mechanical return means of each pallet in the open position and at least one electrical conductor capable of generating a magnetic flux in the armature, characterized in that the magnet, the armature and the pallets are arranged so that the magnet generates fluxes in two magnetic circuits in parallel each comprising at least a portion of the armature, a common branch comprising the magnet and one of the two pallets or a fraction of the pallet separated from said armature portion by at least one gap, and in that the conductor or conductors are able to generate, in at least one additional closed magnetic loop of the armature comprising at least one branch common with said circuits in parallel, a flow that adds to the flux created by the magnet in one of the circuits and gets out of it in the other.
2. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une unique palette disposée sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'aimant ou à une branche de l'armature comprenant l'aimant, la boucle fermée de l'armature coopérant avec le ou les conducteurs étant disposée à l'opposée de la palette par rapport à l'aimant.2. Electromagnetic actuator according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a single paddle disposed substantially perpendicularly to the magnet or a branch of the armature comprising the magnet, the closed loop of the armature cooperating with the or the conductors being disposed opposite the pallet relative to the magnet.
3. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la palette est constituée d'une poutrelle rectiligne rejoignant deux branches latérales de l'armature entourant une branche centrale comportant l'aimant, lesdites branches étant reliées entre elles par une portion de la boucle fermée de l'armature.3. Electromagnetic actuator according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the pallet is constituted by a rectilinear beam joining two lateral branches of the armature surrounding a central branch comprising the magnet, said branches being interconnected by a portion of the closed loop of the frame.
4. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la palette est en forme de U dont les jambages sont placés de part et d'autre de la branche centrale comportant l'aimant, leurs extrémités libres formant deux entrefers avec une portion de la boucle fermée de l'armature.4. Electromagnetic actuator according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the pallet is U-shaped whose legs are placed on either side of the central branch comprising the magnet, their free ends forming two air gaps with a portion of the closed loop of the armature.
5. Actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la boucle fermée de l'armature comporte une bobine enroulée autour d'une partie de ladite boucle fermée distincte des circuits magnétiques parallèles.5. electromagnetic actuator according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the closed loop of the armature comprises a coil wound around a portion of said closed loop distinct parallel magnetic circuits.
6. Actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la boucle magnétique additionnelle entoure au moins deux conducteurs d'alimentation d'un circuit électrique.6. Electromagnetic actuator according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the additional magnetic loop surrounds at least two power supply conductors of an electrical circuit.
7. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux palettes dont les extrémités forment des entrefers distincts avec les deux boucles magnétiques additionnelles fermées disposées aux deux extrémités de la branche commune de l'armature comportant l'aimant, lesdites boucles entourant au moins deux conducteurs d'alimentation d'un circuit électrique.7. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two vanes whose ends form separate gaps with the two additional closed magnetic loops disposed at both ends of the common branch of the armature comprising the magnet, said loops surrounding at least two power conductors of an electrical circuit.
8. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la branche commune est en V ou en U, l'aimant en formant la base.8. Electromagnetic actuator according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the common branch is V or U, the magnet forming the base.
9. Actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que les palettes sont rectilignes ou en U. 9. Electromagnetic actuator according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the pallets are straight or U.
PCT/FR2009/051280 2008-07-08 2009-07-01 Electromagnetic actuator with flux by-pass WO2010004191A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP09794029.0A EP2311058B1 (en) 2008-07-08 2009-07-01 Electromagnetic actuator with flux by-pass

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FR0854626A FR2933805B1 (en) 2008-07-08 2008-07-08 ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH FLOW DERIVATION
FR0854626 2008-07-08

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9859047B2 (en) 2015-08-10 2018-01-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Solenoid actuators and solenoid actuated devices
FR3151425A1 (en) * 2023-07-21 2025-01-24 Hager-Electro Sas High sensitivity polarized relay type electromagnetic trigger and associated differential electrical equipment

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1274731B (en) * 1962-10-08 1968-08-08 Landis & Gyr Ag Magnetic stick relay
US20040027775A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-02-12 Volker Lang Electromagnet arragement for a switch

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1274731B (en) * 1962-10-08 1968-08-08 Landis & Gyr Ag Magnetic stick relay
US20040027775A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-02-12 Volker Lang Electromagnet arragement for a switch

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FR2933805A1 (en) 2010-01-15
EP2311058B1 (en) 2013-11-20
FR2933805B1 (en) 2013-12-20
EP2311058A1 (en) 2011-04-20

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