WO2006114942A1 - カーボン粒子、白金および酸化ルテニウムを含んでなる粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
カーボン粒子、白金および酸化ルテニウムを含んでなる粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006114942A1 WO2006114942A1 PCT/JP2006/304587 JP2006304587W WO2006114942A1 WO 2006114942 A1 WO2006114942 A1 WO 2006114942A1 JP 2006304587 W JP2006304587 W JP 2006304587W WO 2006114942 A1 WO2006114942 A1 WO 2006114942A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to carbon particles, particles comprising platinum and ruthenium oxide, and a method for producing the same.
- a material in which metal compound fine particles are supported using carbon as a carrier is known as one of functional materials useful in the past.
- Metal particles, alloy particles, metal oxide particles, etc. supported on carrier particles are widely used as catalysts for various applications such as fuel cell electrodes, purification of automobile exhaust gas, and NOx reduction.
- As the carrier particles in this case in addition to carbon, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, and cobalt oxide are used.
- a material obtained by supporting fine metal compound particles such as an alloy or a metal oxide on such carrier particles can be produced, for example, by the following liquid phase method.
- Patent Document 1 Methods using such a liquid phase method are known in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 2 carbon particles previously supported with platinum are dispersed in a mixed solution of other predetermined metal salt, and the metal hydroxide is deposited on the carbon particles with an alkali agent.
- the metal hydroxide is deposited on the carbon particles with an alkali agent.
- the supported alloy fine particles are about 3 nm or more.
- Patent Document 2 of the latter in order to obtain particles in which vanadium pentoxide is supported on carbon, an organic solvent is added to the organic vanadium solution to solvate it to produce an organic complex. Is adsorbed and supported on carbon. In this case, the vanadium pentoxide supported on a single bond is amorphous.
- platinum ruthenium alloys are currently widely used as catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells or solid polymer fuel cells using reformed hydrogen, which are expected as power sources for portable terminals.
- ruthenium functions as a co-catalyst that enhances the catalytic ability of platinum, and shows a superior catalytic ability when using a platinum ruthenium alloy compared to the case where only platinum metal is used as a catalyst. Is known (Non-patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 3 discloses that RuO is supported on PtZC as a catalyst carrier.
- a fuel cell catalyst exhibiting a high activity by preparing a highly dispersed nano-sized catalyst is disclosed.
- This document also discloses that a RuO gas generated by adding an oxidizing agent to an aqueous solution of a Ru compound is brought into contact with a catalyst carrier, or a solution containing RuO is vaporized.
- a Pt—RuO type fuel cell catalyst can be used instead of the conventional Pt—Ru type.
- the particle size of the obtained catalyst was generally about 1 to 3 nm, that is, the average particle diameter exceeded 1 nm.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-217586
- Patent Document 2 JP 2000-36303 A
- Non-Patent Document 1 Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Vol. 60, pp.267-273 (1975).
- Patent Document 3 JP 2004-283774 A
- the metal colloidal particles or fine particles are aggregated before being supported on the carrier, and the supported metal Particles may become enlarged.
- the particle size of the precipitated metal hydroxide is difficult to be deposited on the surface of the support while maintaining a uniform dispersion state up to the primary particles. . Therefore, the metal compound-supported particles obtained by using these production methods cannot be said to have a sufficient surface area of the supported metal compound fine particles, and the activity is satisfactory when used as a catalyst. I could't do what I could.
- the fine particles supported on the carrier for imparting a catalyst function or the like are generally aggregated and enlarged before being supported on the carrier, which is often a metal fine particle or an alloy fine particle.
- the particle size of the precipitated metal hydroxide which is difficult to be deposited on the support surface while maintaining the monodispersed state up to the primary particles, is increased or blocked. Therefore, in the conventional production method, it was very difficult to support the metal oxide fine particles or metal hydroxide fine particles on the carrier particles in a state where they have a sufficient surface area.
- the present invention supports platinum and ruthenium oxide fine particles in which ruthenium oxide fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 nm or less are supported on carbon particles while maintaining a monodispersed state up to the primary particles.
- An object is to provide carbon particles and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have found that the particle strength methanolic acid salt containing at least carbon particles, platinum and ruthenium oxide has high activity. It was.
- the inventors further synthesized a ruthenium complex ion, It has been found that by adsorbing on the surface of carbon particles, metal oxide fine particles can be supported on carbon while maintaining the monodispersed state up to the primary particles.
- the present inventors have been able to carry platinum and ruthenium oxide on which ruthenium oxide fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 nm or less are supported, which is impossible with the conventional production methods. Has succeeded in developing carbon particles that support the particles.
- the present invention is a particle comprising at least carbon particles, platinum, and ruthenium oxide, and the carbon particles have an average particle diameter of 20 to 70 nm, and have a white metal and an average particle diameter.
- the present invention relates to particles carrying ruthenium oxide of lnm or less.
- the present invention also relates to a power generating element for a fuel cell comprising particles according to the present invention as an electrode catalyst.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing the particles according to the present invention, wherein the platinum carrying power particles in which platinum having an average particle size of 1 to 5 nm is supported on carbon particles having an average particle size of 20 to 70 nm are converted into ruthenium. And a method comprising a step of adsorbing the complex ions of ruthenium to the platinum-supported carbon particles by dispersing in a solution containing the complex ions.
- the particles of the present invention include at least carbon particles, platinum, and ruthenium oxide.
- the carbon particles have an average particle diameter of 20 to 70 nm, and platinum and the average particle diameter are 1 nm or less.
- platinum and the average particle diameter are 1 nm or less.
- ruthenium oxide is one of ruthenium oxide.
- the particles according to the present invention are carbon particles carrying platinum and ruthenium oxide as described above.
- the particles are used for the purpose of improving the activity of a platinum catalyst in addition to carbon particles, platinum and ruthenium oxide. It may further contain cerium and the like.
- the particles of the present invention have a ruthenium oxide loading on the carbon particles of 1 to 25% by weight, so that the ruthenium oxide particle size can be kept fine, especially the average particle size can be maintained at 1 nm or less, and From the viewpoint that platinum can be effectively utilized to the maximum without overlapping with the surface of platinum existing on the carbon particles.
- the supported amount is more preferably 3% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less, and further preferably 5% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less.
- the particles of the present invention have a platinum loading on the carbon particles of 1 to 50% by weight. This is preferable because it can be supported on the carbon particles almost uniformly with a nano-sized particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter of ruthenium oxide supported on the particles according to the invention is 1 nm or less.
- the average particle diameter exceeds 1 nm, the surface area per weight of ruthenium oxide is not sufficient, and the average particle diameter is less than 1 nm, and the catalytic activity per weight is not sufficient.
- the smaller the average particle size the greater the surface area of the supported ruthenium oxide and the higher the catalytic activity.
- the preferred average particle size is 1 nm or less, and the more suitable average particle size is 0.8 nm or less. It is.
- the average particle size is preferably 0.1 nm or more.
- the average particle size of platinum supported on the particles according to the present invention is 1 to 5 nm, a sufficient surface area can be obtained, high catalytic activity can be obtained, and the particle size of the platinum particles is excessively small. It is preferable from the point that the surface does not oxidize partly.
- the average particle size is more preferably 2 to 5 nm, and further preferably 3 to 4.5 nm.
- Platinum and ruthenium oxide carried by the particles according to the present invention are preferably such that platinum and ruthenium oxide are present in the form of fine particles, respectively, but U, is an alloy of platinum and ruthenium. Part or all of ruthenium in the fine particles based thereon may be present in an oxidized state. In this case, the average particle diameter of the fine particles containing ruthenium oxide corresponds to the average particle diameter of ruthenium oxide in the present invention.
- the carbon particles of the present invention supporting platinum and ruthenium oxide have an average particle size after loading in the range of 10 to 80 nm.
- Fuel diffusion and electrode preparation when used as a fuel cell power generation element U-average particle size is in the range of 20 to 80 nm.
- a solution containing a complex ion of ruthenium metal is first prepared, and carbon particles previously supported with platinum are dispersed in this solution, whereby a complex of ruthenium is dispersed. Ions are adsorbed on the surface of platinum-supporting carbon particles.
- the complex ion of ruthenium includes an inorganic complex such as a chloride complex, a hydrate complex, an amine complex, and an amine nitrate complex.
- an inorganic complex such as a chloride complex, a hydrate complex, an amine complex, and an amine nitrate complex.
- complex ions of complexes containing organic substances such as taenoic acid complexes, carboxylic acid complexes, and picolinic acid complexes can be given.
- complex ions of chloride complexes, taenoic acid complexes and picolinic acid complexes are preferred.
- the carbon particles are dispersed in a solution containing a ruthenium complex ion.
- platinum particles may be supported on carbon particles to be dispersed in advance, or platinum particles may be supported after ruthenium oxide is supported.
- the method for supporting the platinum fine particles on the carbon particle surfaces is not particularly limited, and a known method such as a solution reduction method can be applied.
- the support is preferably performed before the ruthenium oxide is supported.
- the average particle diameter of platinum fine particles supported on carbon particles is preferably 1 to 5 nm.
- the catalytic performance is expected to improve as the average particle size of the platinum fine particles is smaller, it is very difficult to produce platinum-supported carbon particles carrying platinum fine particles of 1 nm or less at present. Further, even if the average particle size is larger than 5 nm, there is no particular problem, but the catalytic ability may be lowered.
- Examples of carbon particles supporting platinum fine particles include Denka Black manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo.
- Examples include acetylene black such as (registered trademark), furnace carbon such as Vulcan (trade name) manufactured by CABOT, or carbon particles such as ketjen black, and platinum of 1 to 50% by weight with respect to these carbon particles. It is preferable to carry fine particles. If the amount of platinum fine particles supported is too small, the catalytic ability may decrease. In addition, when the amount of platinum fine particles supported is too large, the area occupied by the platinum fine particles becomes too large with respect to the surface area of the carbon particles, and there is a possibility that the platinum fine particles overlap and aggregate.
- the supported amount of the fine gold particles is more preferably 20 to 50% by weight with respect to the carbon particles.
- Carbon particles carrying platinum can be obtained at a factory.
- acetylene black such as Denka Black (registered trademark) manufactured by Electrochemical Co., Ltd., VALCAN (trade name) manufactured by CABOT, Inc. Furnace carbon and the like can be suitably used.
- the amount of the metal element contained in the solution is the final form of the metal oxide (ruthenium oxide).
- ruthenium oxide a metal oxide
- the platinum-supported carbon particles on which the ruthenium complex ions are adsorbed are subjected to, for example, an oxidation treatment using an oxidizing agent in a liquid phase, and a treatment such as Z or drying, whereby ruthenium oxide is obtained. It is carried on carbon particles.
- a method of preparing fine particle-supported carbon particles by drying the platinum-supported carbon particles having adsorbed the ruthenium complex ions to precipitate ruthenium oxide fine particles on the carbon surface is preferable.
- the ruthenium complex ions are preferably adsorbed on the surface of the platinum-supporting carbon particles, and then filtered and dried, whereby the oxide ruthenium fine particles can be precipitated on the surface of the platinum-supporting carbon particles.
- the ruthenium complex adsorbed on the surface of the platinum-supporting carbon is in an ionic state and is dispersed at a molecular level in the solution. Therefore, it can be adsorbed at the carbon adsorption point while maintaining this dispersed state. Also, when this is dried, only the nearest neighbor complexes crystallize, so that ruthenium oxide fine particles of 1 nm or less can be precipitated.
- the atmosphere to be dried is not particularly limited, but drying in the air is most convenient and inexpensive, and is preferable.
- the fine particle-supporting carbon particles obtained in this way may be heat-treated.
- heat treatment may be performed in air or nitrogen in order to transform the supported fine particles into a metal oxide having a specific valence.
- the present invention is a method for producing particles according to the present invention, comprising platinum-supported carbon in which platinum having an average particle size of 1 to 5 nm is supported on carbon particles having an average particle size of 20 to 70 nm.
- ruthenium By dispersing the particles in a solution containing a ruthenium complex ion, ruthenium
- the present invention relates to a method including a step of adsorbing complex ions of platinum on the platinum-supported carbon particles.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing particles according to the present invention, further comprising the step of precipitating ruthenium oxide fine particles on the surface of the platinum-supporting carbon particles by drying the platinum-supporting carbon particles adsorbing the ruthenium complex ions. Including also the above method.
- the ruthenium oxide fine particles having an average particle diameter in the range of 1 nm or less which cannot be obtained by the conventional production method, are obtained only by the above-described method of adsorbing metal complex ions on the carbon particle surfaces. It was possible to obtain particles supported on a carbon support while maintaining the monodispersed state up to the primary particles.
- the obtained fine particle-supported carbon particles of the present invention can be used as an antistatic agent for a magnetic recording medium as well as an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, and as various catalysts for purifying automobile exhaust gas.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a fuel cell power generation element.
- the power generating element for a fuel cell includes a positive electrode 1 that reduces oxygen, a negative electrode 3 that oxidizes fuel, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2 provided between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 3. ing.
- the negative electrode layer 3 can be composed of a catalyst, a conductive material, a polymer material, or the like.
- a catalyst contained in the negative electrode layer one having a function of generating fuel-power protons, that is, a function of electrochemically oxidizing the fuel can be used.
- platinum fine particles alone, platinum and ruthenium, Alloy fine particles with indium, iridium, tin, iron, titanium, gold, silver, chromium, silicon, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, aluminum, lead, palladium, osmium, etc. are used.
- a carbon material is mainly used, and for example, carbon black, activated carbon, carbon nanotube, strong bon nanohorn, and the like are used. Generally, it is used in the state of catalyst-supported carbon in which the above catalyst is dispersedly supported on the surface of a conductive material.
- the negative electrode layer 3 includes, as a binder, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin, polyethylene (PE) resin, and the like. There is a case.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PE polyethylene
- the positive electrode layer 1 can also be composed of a catalyst, a conductive material, a polymer material, and the like.
- a catalyst contained in the positive electrode layer one having a function of electrochemically reducing oxygen can be used.
- platinum fine particles, iron, nickel, conoretate, tin, ruthenium or gold And alloy fine particles of platinum and the like are used.
- conductive materials, polymer materials, and noinders can be the same as those used for the negative electrode.
- a fuel cell power generation element comprising the particles of the present invention as an electrode catalyst can exhibit excellent output characteristics as a fuel cell as compared with a conventional power generation element.
- the particles of the present invention are used as a negative electrode catalyst, the effect is remarkable.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 2 disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 3 is composed of a material that does not have electronic conductivity but has only proton conductivity.
- a material that does not have electronic conductivity but has only proton conductivity for example, polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin membranes, specifically “Nafion” (trade name) manufactured by DuPont, “Flemion” (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., “Aciplex” (trade name) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. Can be used.
- an electrode paste used for forming the fuel electrode layer is prepared.
- This electrode paste is prepared by dissolving and dispersing a catalyst, conductive material, polymer material and, if necessary, a binder in a solvent mainly composed of lower alcohols such as ethanol and propanol, and sufficiently stirring the solution.
- a solvent mainly composed of lower alcohols such as ethanol and propanol
- a releasable substrate is separately prepared.
- a releasable substrate for example, PTFE film, PET film, polyimide film, PTFE-coated polyimide film, PTFE-coated silicon sheet, PTFE-coated glass cloth, and the like can be used.
- the electrode paste is applied onto the releasable substrate and then dried.
- the thickness of the formed electrode layer is preferably 10 to 50 m, which does not impair the porous structure and structural integrity of the electrode layer and can ensure a certain amount of catalyst.
- the amount of catalyst contained in the electrode layer is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 3 mgZcm 2 . This is because if the amount of catalyst is within this range, the necessary amount of catalyst can be secured without increasing the total number of electrode layers.
- the electrode layer formed on the releasable substrate is peeled off and cut into a predetermined electrode size.
- a dry powder used for preparing the oxygen reduction electrode is prepared.
- This dry powder is obtained by dissolving or fully dispersing a catalyst, conductive material, high molecular weight material, and, if necessary, a solvent in a solvent mainly composed of lower alcohols such as ethanol and propanol.
- a solvent mainly composed of lower alcohols such as ethanol and propanol.
- a powder obtained by molding the above dry powder into a pellet shape having a specific electrode size similar to the negative electrode is used as an oxygen reduction electrode.
- the electrode layer is bonded to both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by hot pressing or hot roll pressing, whereby a fuel cell power generating element can be produced.
- a diffusion layer is further provided on both sides of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a current collector plate is provided on each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode for electrical connection, and a liquid fuel containing methanol in the negative electrode
- the fuel cell can be operated by supplying air (oxygen) to the positive electrode.
- a particle comprising at least carbon particles, platinum and ruthenium oxide,
- the carbon particles carry platinum and ruthenium oxide having an average particle diameter of 1 nm or less, and are characterized in that the carbon particles carry.
- a fuel cell power generation element comprising the particles according to any one of [1] to [6] as an electrode catalyst.
- [10] A method for producing the particles according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein platinum having an average particle size of 1 to 5 nm is supported on carbon particles having an average particle size of 20 to 70 nm. And a step of adsorbing the platinum-supported carbon particles to the platinum-supported carbon particles by dispersing the platinum-supported carbon particles in a solution containing the ruthenium complex ions.
- platinum-supported carbon “10E50E” (trade name) manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., on which 50% by mass of platinum having a nominal particle diameter of 4 to 5 nm was supported as a catalyst.
- aqueous solution containing the choline complex ion after dispersing with ultrasound, stirring for 2 hours, Complex ions were adsorbed on the carbon surface. Thereafter, it was allowed to stand for about 24 hours, filtered and washed, and then dried at 90 ° C. to obtain platinum-supported carbon particles supporting a ruthenium compound.
- the platinum-supported carbon particles were heat-treated in air at 270 ° C. to obtain carbon particles supporting platinum and ruthenium oxide.
- a fuel cell power generation element having the same structure as that shown in Fig. 1 was produced by the following procedure.
- EW represents the equivalent mass of an ion exchange group having proton conductivity (sulfonic acid group in this example).
- the equivalent mass is the dry mass of the ion exchange resin per equivalent of ion exchange groups, and is expressed in units of “gZew”.
- the negative electrode 1 part by mass of the above carbon particles carrying platinum and ruthenium oxide as a catalyst was added to Aldrich, which is a 5% by mass solution of polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin.
- Nafion "(trade name, EW 1000) solution 9.72 parts by weight and” Nafion "(registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont, which is a 20% by weight solution of polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin 2.
- An electrode paste was prepared by adding to 52 parts by mass and 1 part by mass of water, and stirring the mixture sufficiently to disperse uniformly. [0056] Next, the electrode paste was applied onto a PTFE film, dried, and then peeled off. The platinum loading was 2. OmgZcm 2 and the ruthenium oxide loading was 0.21 mg / cm.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane (hereinafter referred to as the electrolyte membrane), a polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane "Nafion (registered trademark) 112" (trade name) manufactured by DuPont is specified. The size was cut out and used.
- the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer prepared above are superimposed on both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane so that the electrode surfaces face each other, and the temperature is 160 ° C and the pressure is 4.4 MPa. Hot press was performed under the conditions, and these were joined.
- Example 1 carbon carrying platinum and ruthenium oxide in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of ruthenium chloride used to prepare the aqueous solution containing the ruthenium picolinate complex ion was 3.60 g. Particles were obtained.
- Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that platinum loading by liquid phase reduction (formalin reduction method) was carried out on Ketjen black treated with nitric acid in an amount of 40% by weight. Carbon particles carrying platinum and ruthenium oxide were obtained in the same manner.
- the aqueous solution containing the ruthenium picolinate complex ion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. That is, 1.35 g of ruthenium chloride was dissolved in 300 ml of water, and 2 equivalents of picolinic acid was added to the ruthenium ion. It went by.
- the carbon particles carrying platinum and ruthenium oxide thus obtained were observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). As a result, platinum particles of about 3 nm to 4 nm and about 0.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- Example 1 platinum and ruthenium were supported by liquid phase reduction (formalin reduction method) at 50% by weight and 20% by weight of ketjen black subjected to nitric acid treatment. Carbon particles were obtained.
- a fuel cell power generation element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that platinum-supported carbon “10E50E” (trade name) manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used as the catalyst for the negative electrode layer.
- the platinum carrying amount of this power generation element is 5.
- Omg / cm 2 for the positive electrode layer and for the negative electrode layer. 2. was OmgZ cm 2.
- a power generation element for a fuel cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the platinum / ruthenium oxide fine particle-supported carbon particles.
- the amount of platinum supported by this power generation element is 5. Omg / cm 2 for the positive electrode layer and 2. OmgZcm 2 for the negative electrode layer, and the amount of ruthenium supported on the negative electrode layer is 1. 33 mg / cm 2 . cm ⁇ , hot.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing before the constituent parts of the unit cell for fuel cell evaluation are joined together.
- Diffusion layers 6 made of carbon paper are arranged on both sides of the power generation element 5 for the fuel cell.
- a sealant 7 made of silicon rubber is disposed around the periphery.
- a stainless steel positive electrode current collector plate 8 having an oxygen inflow hole 10 and a stainless steel negative electrode current collector plate 9 having a fuel supply hole 11 are arranged, and liquid fuel 13 is placed outside the negative electrode current collector plate 9.
- a stored fuel tank 12 is provided.
- the evaluation test was performed using oxygen in the atmosphere as an oxidant and a 15 mass% methanol aqueous solution as a liquid fuel.
- the amount of platinum used was 2 mg Zcm 2 and 5 mg Zcm 2 respectively for the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the cell temperature was 25 ° C., the single cell for fuel cell evaluation was discharged, and the maximum output density was measured.
- Table 1 summarizes the maximum power density of the evaluation single cell as the evaluation result. At this time, the higher the maximum output density, the better the characteristics.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results in the above Examples and Comparative Examples. Supported fine particles
- the average particle size is 1 million times The average value of 30 particles observed on a TEM photograph, and the average particle size of the resulting fine particle-supporting carbon particles is 200,000 times The average value of 30 particles observed on a TEM photograph.
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 are respectively the loading amount and average particle diameter of a sample in which only platinum is supported and platinum ruthenium alloy particles are previously supported. is there.
- * 3 The value obtained by converting the amount of prepared ruthenium to ruthenium oxide.
- the supported ruthenium is compared with using carbon particles carrying a platinum ruthenium alloy. Although the amount was greatly reduced, we were able to achieve an output of the same level or higher. Residual ruthenium in the solution corresponding to the difference between the charge and loading can be regenerated by subjecting it to a treatment known to those skilled in the art and can be reused to produce the particles of the present invention. .
- carbon particles carrying platinum and ruthenium oxide in nano size can be used as catalysts for various applications such as fuel cells, purification of automobile exhaust gas, NOx reduction, antistatic additives for magnetic recording media, and antibacterials.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a fuel cell power generation element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single cell for fuel cell evaluation. Explanation of symbols
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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GB0720644A GB2439690B (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2006-03-09 | Particles comprising carbon particles, platinum and ruthenium oxide, and method for producing the same |
JP2007514489A JPWO2006114942A1 (ja) | 2005-04-21 | 2006-03-09 | カーボン粒子、白金および酸化ルテニウムを含んでなる粒子およびその製造方法 |
US11/918,774 US20090068546A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2006-03-09 | Particle containing carbon particle, platinum and ruthenium oxide, and method for producing same |
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JP2005123978 | 2005-04-21 | ||
JP2005-123978 | 2005-04-21 |
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PCT/JP2006/304587 WO2006114942A1 (ja) | 2005-04-21 | 2006-03-09 | カーボン粒子、白金および酸化ルテニウムを含んでなる粒子およびその製造方法 |
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US (1) | US20090068546A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006114942A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101163545A (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2439690B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006114942A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007046279A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-26 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | 燃料電池用電極触媒 |
JP2012507120A (ja) * | 2008-10-24 | 2012-03-22 | ナノシス・インク. | 燃料電池用電気化学的触媒 |
WO2018159436A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | エヌ・イー ケムキャット株式会社 | 核水添反応用触媒 |
Families Citing this family (5)
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DE102009035546A1 (de) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Elektrode und Elektrodenbeschichtung |
KR101154315B1 (ko) * | 2009-11-30 | 2012-06-13 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 고분자 전해질 연료전지용 전극 및 이를 이용한 막-전극 어셈블리 제조 방법 |
JP5561200B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ | 触媒の製造方法及び触媒を用いた燃料電池用反応層の特性制御方法 |
CN109713330B (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-07-24 | 厦门大学 | 燃料电池阳极催化剂及其制备方法 |
KR20230089613A (ko) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-21 | 희성촉매 주식회사 | 연료전지용 촉매 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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JP2002159866A (ja) * | 2000-11-29 | 2002-06-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 合金触媒の調製方法及び固体高分子型燃料電池の製造方法 |
JP2002529362A (ja) * | 1998-11-13 | 2002-09-10 | シュトゥディエンゲゼルシャフト・コーレ・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 水溶性ナノ構造金属酸化物コロイドおよびその製造方法 |
JP2004283774A (ja) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Kaken:Kk | 燃料電池用触媒とその製造方法 |
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US6936370B1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2005-08-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Solid polymer fuel cell with improved voltage reversal tolerance |
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2006
- 2006-03-09 US US11/918,774 patent/US20090068546A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-09 GB GB0720644A patent/GB2439690B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-09 CN CNA2006800133384A patent/CN101163545A/zh active Pending
- 2006-03-09 JP JP2007514489A patent/JPWO2006114942A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-09 WO PCT/JP2006/304587 patent/WO2006114942A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP2002529362A (ja) * | 1998-11-13 | 2002-09-10 | シュトゥディエンゲゼルシャフト・コーレ・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 水溶性ナノ構造金属酸化物コロイドおよびその製造方法 |
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JP2004283774A (ja) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Kaken:Kk | 燃料電池用触媒とその製造方法 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007046279A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-26 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | 燃料電池用電極触媒 |
JP2007115471A (ja) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-05-10 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電極触媒 |
JP2012507120A (ja) * | 2008-10-24 | 2012-03-22 | ナノシス・インク. | 燃料電池用電気化学的触媒 |
WO2018159436A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | エヌ・イー ケムキャット株式会社 | 核水添反応用触媒 |
JPWO2018159436A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-03-05 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 核水添反応用触媒 |
JP7008686B2 (ja) | 2017-02-28 | 2022-02-10 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 核水添反応用触媒 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB0720644D0 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
US20090068546A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
JPWO2006114942A1 (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
CN101163545A (zh) | 2008-04-16 |
GB2439690B (en) | 2009-12-16 |
GB2439690A (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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