WO2006011364A1 - 発振器 - Google Patents
発振器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006011364A1 WO2006011364A1 PCT/JP2005/012933 JP2005012933W WO2006011364A1 WO 2006011364 A1 WO2006011364 A1 WO 2006011364A1 JP 2005012933 W JP2005012933 W JP 2005012933W WO 2006011364 A1 WO2006011364 A1 WO 2006011364A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/80—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs
- H10D84/82—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components
- H10D84/83—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components of only insulated-gate FETs [IGFET]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1203—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier being a single transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
- H03B5/1215—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1228—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/03—Astable circuits
- H03K3/0315—Ring oscillators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/03—Astable circuits
- H03K3/0315—Ring oscillators
- H03K3/0322—Ring oscillators with differential cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/353—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/354—Astable circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/40—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00 with at least one component covered by groups H10D10/00 or H10D18/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs with BJTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/80—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs
- H10D84/82—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components
- H10D84/83—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components of only insulated-gate FETs [IGFET]
- H10D84/85—Complementary IGFETs, e.g. CMOS
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oscillator including a field effect transistor (MOSFET) as a component.
- MOSFET field effect transistor
- an oscillator is an essential component.
- a semiconductor integrated circuit in which transistors, inductors, capacitors, and resistors are stacked on a semiconductor substrate is used.
- an analog circuit portion is configured by using a bipolar transistor by using a Bi-CMOS process capable of integrating a bipolar transistor and a CMOS circuit.
- CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- FIG. 21 (a) shows a conventional example of a cross-coupled nMOSFET differential oscillator as an example of using a field effect transistor as an oscillator.
- inductors 30 and 31 and capacitors 33 and 34 constitute a resonator (LC resonator), and a pair of differential channel surface nMOSFETs 10 and 11 constitute an amplifier.
- a spiral inductor is generally used for the inductors 30 and 31.
- MOS capacitors or MIM (metal insulator metal) capacitors are used for the capacitors 33 and 34.
- Vdd is a power supply voltage
- Vout is an oscillation output signal.
- Figure 21 (d) shows a cross-coupled nMOSFET differential oscillator more generally.
- LC resonant circuit 37 Since there are many possible configurations for the resonant circuit, it is represented here by the LC resonant circuit 37.
- the oscillation frequency is determined by the resonance frequency of the LC resonance circuit 37, and the nMOSFETIO, 11 connected differentially to compensate for the loss in the LC resonance circuit 37 is used as an amplifier. Work.
- the operating current of the circuit is determined by the current source 36.
- Fig. 21 (b) shows a conventional example of a cross-coupled pMOSFET differential oscillator using a surface channel pMOSFET as an amplification transistor.
- Fig. 21 (e) A more general cross-coupled pMOSFET differential oscillator is shown in Fig. 21 (e).
- CMOS differential oscillator using a surface channel nMOSFET and a surface channel pMOSFET is also used.
- a resonator (LC resonator) is constituted by the inductor 32 and the capacitor 35, and the surface channel type nMOSFE T10, 11 and the pMOSFETs 20, 21 constitute an amplifier.
- a cross-coupled CMOS differential oscillator can be realized with the configuration shown in FIG. 21 (1).
- a cross-couple configured using transistors of a single polarity (only nMOSFET or only pMOSFET)
- the maximum voltage amplitude is 2 XVdd.
- the cross-coupled CMOS differential oscillator has a higher current than that of a single-polarity MOSFET such as an nMOSFET alone or a pMOSFET alone.
- the advantage of high utilization efficiency is also the disadvantage that the maximum voltage amplitude becomes V dd In this way, an oscillator using a field effect transistor is used as a conventional technique.
- FIGS. Fig. 22 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit configuration of a conventional three-stage single-ended ring oscillator.
- Fig. 22 (a) shows the configuration with nMOSFET
- Fig. 22 (b) shows the configuration with pMOSFET V
- Figure 22 (c) shows the configuration when nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs are used.
- MN1 to MN3 are nMOSFETs
- MP1 to MP3 are pMOSFETs
- C1 to C3 are capacitors
- R1 to R3 are resistors
- the example in Fig. 22 shows a three-stage single-ended type with three stages of transistors. However, if the number of transistors is an odd number, three or five transistors are generally used.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional differential ring oscillator.
- FIG. 23 (a) shows a configuration using an nMOSFET
- FIG. 23 (b) uses a pMOSFET.
- Figure 23 (c) shows the configuration when nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs are used.
- MN1 to MN6 are nMOSFETs
- MP1 to MP6 are pM OSFETs
- R1 to R6 are resistors
- I1 to I3 current sources It is.
- the example in Fig. 23 shows a differential three-stage ring oscillator with three transistor pairs, but the number of transistor stages oscillates if the total number of inversions in the loop is odd. Therefore, in the differential type, the number of stages of the ring oscillator may be odd or even, and the number of stages is determined by various requirements such as speed and power consumption, but generally 3 to 5 stages are often used. It is done.
- FIGS. 24 (a) and 24 (b) are circuit diagrams showing the circuit configuration of a conventional Colpitts oscillator.
- FIG. 24 (a) shows the configuration using an nMOSFET
- FIG. 24 (b) shows a pMOSFET.
- MN1 is an nMOSFET
- MP1 is a pMOSFET
- L1 is an inductor
- CI and C2 are capacitors
- II is a current source.
- Figs. 24 (c) and 24 (d) are circuit diagrams showing the circuit configuration of a conventional Hartley oscillator.
- Fig. 24 (c) shows the configuration using an nMOSFET
- Fig. 24 (d) shows a pMOSFET.
- MN1 is an nMOSFET
- MP1 is a pMOSFET
- LI and L2 are inductors
- C1 is a capacitor
- II is a current source.
- Figure 25 (a) shows the low-frequency noise characteristics of bipolar transistors and surface channel nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs
- Figure 25 (b) shows the oscillator noise characteristics (phase noise characteristics).
- the low-frequency noise component is up-converted inside the oscillator and appears as phase noise in the sideband part of the desired band.
- the overall noise characteristics are shown in Fig. 25 (b).
- the low frequency component (1 / f) of the transistor is up-converted and appears as 1 / ⁇ characteristics (the S1 part in FIG. 25 (a) corresponds to the S2 part in FIG. 25 (b)). ).
- the I /! Phase noise generated by the low-frequency noise of the transistor appears as a very large phase noise as it is closer to the desired wave component.
- reduction is required to cause interference. Therefore, the transistor used for the oscillator is required to have good low frequency noise characteristics.
- the low frequency noise of the surface channel nMOSFET which is widely used in general, is about 100 times worse than that of the bipolar transistor, but the surface channel pMOSFET is about 10 times worse than that of the bipolar transistor (Fig. 25 ( see a)). Therefore, analog integrated circuits using embedded channel MOSFETs with relatively good low-frequency noise characteristics have been proposed (for example, patents). Reference 1 and Patent Reference 2).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3282375
- Patent Document 2 JP 2002-151599 A
- Non-Patent Document 1 Jri Lee and Behzad Razavi, "A 40-GHz Frequency Divider in 0.18-m CMOS Technology", Symp. VLSI Circuits 2003, pp.259-262.
- the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and realizes a low-frequency noise characteristic comparable to the low-frequency noise characteristic of a bipolar transistor, and is suitable for a semiconductor integrated circuit.
- the object is to provide an inexpensive and low noise oscillator.
- an oscillator includes a first power supply wiring, a second power supply wiring to which a power supply voltage is applied between the first power supply wiring, a resonance circuit, A pair of first and second field effect transistors in which the respective source regions are electrically connected and the respective drain regions are electrically connected to the resonant circuit and are connected in differential pairs to each other; A current source connected between a source region of the first and second field effect transistors electrically connected to each other and the second power supply wiring; and the first and second field effect transistors Are formed between the first conductivity type body region formed on the semiconductor substrate, the second conductivity type source region and drain region formed on the body region, and the source region and drain region, respectively.
- a body potential applying circuit for applying the body potential to the body terminal is provided.
- buried channel type field effect transistors are used as the first and second field effect transistors, and a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction (pn junction) between the source region and the body region.
- the body potential is applied to the body region via the body terminal via the body potential applying circuit, thereby burying the carriers (for example, electrons in the case of nMOSFETs and holes in the case of pMOSFETs) that are the carriers of charge.
- the carriers for example, electrons in the case of nMOSFETs and holes in the case of pMOSFETs
- Many of them are localized in the channel layer, and the carrier of the parasitic channel region, which is the main source of low-frequency noise, can be reduced, so that the low-frequency noise of the transistor is reduced and the oscillator has improved noise characteristics. realizable.
- the first conductivity type is n-type
- the second conductivity type force transfer type the first and second field effect transistors are p-channel field effect transistors
- the first power supply wiring is a low potential side power supply wiring
- the second power supply wiring is a high potential side power supply wiring
- the body potential applying circuit is a wiring connecting the body terminal to the low potential side power supply wiring It can be configured. In this way, by connecting the body terminal to the existing power supply wiring, it is possible to reduce the circuit scale without requiring an external power source to apply a potential to the body terminal.
- the first conductivity type is p-type
- the second conductivity type is n-type
- the first power supply wiring Is a high potential side power supply wiring
- the second power supply wiring is a low potential side power supply wiring
- the body potential applying circuit is a wiring for connecting the body terminal to the high potential side power supply wiring. Can be made. In this way, by connecting the body terminal to the existing power supply wiring, it is possible to reduce the circuit scale without the need for an external power supply to apply a potential to the body terminal.
- each source region is further electrically connected to the high potential side power supply wiring, and each drain region is electrically connected to the resonance circuit and is connected to the resonance circuit in a differential pair.
- a pair of first and second p-channel field effect transistors are provided, and each of the first and second p-channel field effect transistors includes an n-type body region formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- a body terminal is connected to the low potential side power supply wiring, and the power supply voltage is applied to a semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region of each of the first and second p-channel field effect transistors.
- it can be configured such that it is applied in the forward direction and is not more than the diffusion potential difference of the semiconductor junction.
- the first and second p-channel field effect transistors further provided are buried channel field effect transistors, and a semiconductor junction ( pn junction) between the source region and the body region is used.
- a semiconductor junction pn junction
- the carriers (holes) that are charge carriers are buried in the channel layer, and many of them are localized in the parasitic channel region, which is the main source of low-frequency noise. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the low frequency noise of the transistor and realize an oscillator with improved noise characteristics.
- the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region to a voltage equal to or lower than the diffusion potential difference, current is prevented from flowing between the source region and the body region, and the transistor operation is stabilized.
- the first conductivity type is n-type
- the second conductivity type is p-type
- the first and second field effect transistor powers are three-channel field effect transistors
- the first power source The wiring is a low potential side power supply wiring
- the second power supply wiring is a high potential side power supply wiring
- the body potential applying circuit is connected between the high potential side power supply wiring and the low potential side power supply wiring.
- a potential corresponding to a voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage is supplied to each of the body terminals as the body potential.
- the potential applied to the body terminal can be arbitrarily set and applied to the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region. It is easy to set the forward voltage to be equal to or lower than the diffusion potential difference.
- the first conductivity type is p-type
- the second conductivity type is n-type
- the first power supply wiring Is the high potential side power supply wiring
- the second power supply wiring is the low potential side power supply wiring
- the body potential applying circuit is connected between the high potential side power supply wiring and the low potential side power supply wiring.
- the circuit may be a circuit that applies a potential corresponding to a voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage to each of the body terminals as the body potential. In this way, by using a voltage dividing circuit that divides the power supply voltage as the body potential applying circuit, the potential applied to the body terminal can be arbitrarily set and applied to the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region. It is easy to set the forward voltage to be equal to or lower than the diffusion potential difference.
- each source region is further electrically connected to the high-potential side power supply wiring, and each drain region is electrically connected to the resonance circuit and is connected to the resonance circuit in a differential pair.
- a pair of first and second p-channel field effect transistors are provided, and each of the first and second p-channel field effect transistors includes an n-type body region formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- a voltage dividing circuit for applying a potential to the body terminal of each of the first and second p-channel field effect transistors is provided, and the potential of the high potential side power supply wiring and the voltage dividing circuit force are The voltage difference between the potential applied to the body terminal of each of the second p-channel field effect transistors is between the source region and the body region of each of the first and second p-channel field effect transistors.
- the semiconductor junction can be applied in the forward direction and less than the diffusion potential difference of the semiconductor junction.
- the first and second p-channel field effect transistors that are further provided are buried channel type field effect transistors, and a semiconductor junction ( pn junction) between the source region and the body region is used.
- a semiconductor junction pn junction
- the carriers (holes) that are charge carriers are buried in the channel layer, and many of them are localized in the parasitic channel region, which is the main source of low-frequency noise. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the low frequency noise of the transistor and realize an oscillator with improved noise characteristics.
- the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region to a voltage equal to or lower than the diffusion potential difference, current is prevented from flowing between the source region and the body region, and the transistor operation is stabilized.
- a voltage dividing circuit that divides the power supply voltage
- the potential applied to the body terminal of the p-channel field-effect transistor can be arbitrarily set and applied to the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region. It is easy to set the forward voltage to a voltage less than the diffusion potential difference.
- a body potential applying circuit such as a voltage dividing circuit that applies a potential to the body terminal of the n-channel field effect transistor, and a voltage dividing circuit that applies a potential to the body terminal of the p-channel field effect transistor are provided.
- the same voltage divider circuit that can provide the potential applied to the body terminal of the n-channel field-effect transistor and the potential applied to the body terminal of the p-channel field-effect transistor without separately configuring It is preferable to reduce the circuit scale.
- the semiconductor substrate may be a substrate mainly made of silicon, and the p-channel field effect transistor may have a configuration in which the buried channel layer is formed by a SiGe layer or a SiGeC layer.
- the semiconductor substrate may be a substrate mainly made of silicon, and the n-channel field effect transistor may have a configuration in which the buried channel layer is formed of a SiC layer or a SiGeC layer.
- the semiconductor substrate is a substrate mainly made of silicon
- the p-channel field effect transistor has the buried channel layer formed by a SiGe layer or a SiGeC layer
- the n-channel field effect transistor has:
- the buried channel layer may be formed of a SiC layer or a SiGeC layer.
- the distance from the gate insulating film to the buried channel layer is longer than Onm.
- the distance from the gate insulating film to the buried channel layer is shorter than 0.5 nm and shorter than 3 nm in order to improve the electric characteristics of the field effect transistor.
- an oscillator including a field effect transistor as an amplifying element, wherein the field effect transistor is formed on a body region formed on a semiconductor substrate and on the body region.
- a source region and a drain region having a different conductivity type from the body region formed, a buried channel layer formed between the source region and the drain region, and a gate insulating film above the buried channel layer
- a buried channel type transistor having a formed gate electrode and a body terminal electrically connected to the body region can be provided.
- the body terminal force body region is used so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction (pn junction) between the source region and the body region using the buried channel type field effect transistor.
- the carriers that are charge carriers for example, electrons in the case of nMOSFETs and holes in the case of pMOSFETs
- the channel layer which is the main source of low-frequency noise. Since the carrier in the parasitic channel region can be reduced, the low-frequency noise of the transistor is reduced, and an oscillator with improved noise characteristics can be realized.
- the body terminal of the field effect transistor may be connected to the body terminal.
- a forward voltage that is equal to or less than the diffusion potential difference of the semiconductor junction may be applied to the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region.
- a high-potential-side power supply wiring and a low-potential-side power supply wiring to which a power supply voltage is applied are provided between the high-potential-side power supply wiring, and the field effect transistor includes an n-channel
- the body terminal may be connected to the high potential side power supply wiring. In this case, it is possible to reduce the circuit scale by connecting to the existing power supply wiring without the need for an external power supply to apply a potential to the body terminal.
- the other oscillator includes a high-potential-side power supply wiring and a low-potential-side power supply wiring to which a power supply voltage is applied between the high-potential-side power supply wiring, and the field effect transistor includes a p-channel
- the body terminal may be connected to the low potential side power supply wiring. In this case, it is possible to reduce the circuit scale by connecting to the existing power supply wiring without the need for an external power supply to apply a potential to the body terminal.
- a high-potential-side power supply wiring and a low-potential-side power supply wiring to which a power supply voltage is applied are provided between the high-potential-side power supply wiring, and the field effect transistor includes an n-channel A plurality of p-channel field effect transistors, wherein the body terminal of the n-channel field effect transistor is connected to the high-potential-side power supply wiring, and the p-channel field effect transistor is provided.
- the body terminal may be connected to the low potential side power supply wiring.
- the circuit scale can be reduced by connecting to the existing power supply wiring without the need for an external power supply to apply a potential to the body terminal.
- the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region of the field effect transistor is It is preferable to apply a forward voltage that is equal to or less than the diffusion potential difference of the semiconductor junction. This prevents current from flowing between the source region and the body region, so that transistor operation stability can be maintained and wasteful power consumption can be suppressed.
- the other oscillator includes a high potential side power supply line and a low potential side power supply line to which a power supply voltage is applied between the high potential side power supply line
- a voltage dividing circuit may be provided which is connected between the low potential side power supply wiring and applies a potential corresponding to a voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage to the body terminal.
- the potential applied to the body terminal can be arbitrarily set by the voltage dividing circuit.
- a high-potential-side power supply wiring and a low-potential-side power supply wiring to which a power supply voltage is applied are provided between the high-potential-side power supply wiring, and the field effect transistor includes an n-channel A plurality of p-type field effect transistors and p-channel field effect transistors, connected between the high-potential side power supply line and the low-potential side power supply line, and divided into the first voltage by dividing the power supply voltage.
- a voltage dividing circuit that applies a corresponding potential to the body terminal of the P-channel field effect transistor and applies a potential corresponding to a second voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage to the body terminal of the n-channel field effect transistor;
- a configuration may be provided.
- the potential applied to the body terminal can be arbitrarily set by the voltage dividing circuit.
- the field effect transistor has the voltage divider circuit force applied to the body terminal.
- a forward voltage that is equal to or less than a diffusion potential difference of the semiconductor junction is preferably applied to the semiconductor junction between the source region and the body region. This prevents current from flowing between the source region and the body region, so that transistor operation stability can be maintained and wasteful power consumption can be suppressed.
- the semiconductor substrate is a substrate mainly made of silicon, and in the field effect transistor, the buried channel layer is formed of a SiC layer or a SiGeC layer.
- the semiconductor substrate is a substrate mainly made of silicon, and the field effect transistor is a p channel in which the buried channel layer is formed by a SiGe layer or a SiGeC layer. In other words, it is possible to adopt a configuration that is a field effect transistor.
- the semiconductor substrate is a substrate mainly made of silicon
- the P-channel field effect transistor is formed of a SiGe layer or a SiGeC layer.
- the buried channel layer is formed, and the n-channel field effect transistor may have a configuration in which the buried channel layer is formed of a SiC layer or a SiGeC layer.
- the present invention has the above-described configuration, realizes a low frequency noise characteristic comparable to the low frequency noise characteristic of a bipolar transistor with an embedded channel field effect transistor, and is inexpensive and suitable for a semiconductor integrated circuit. In addition, it is possible to provide an oscillator with low noise.
- FIGS. L (a) and (b) show the transistors (surface channel Si-pMOSFET and SiGe-pMOSFET) used in the experiment to explain the transistors used in the embodiment of the present invention. ) Is a cross-sectional structure diagram, and FIGS. L (c) and (d) are energy band diagrams of these transistors.
- FIG. 2 is a low-frequency noise characteristic diagram of the surface channel type Si-pMOSFET and SiGe-pMOSFET shown in FIG.
- Figure 3 is a low-frequency noise characteristic diagram measured by varying the body-source voltage of the surface channel Si-pMOSFET, and Figure 3 (b) shows the body of the SiGe-pMOSFET.
- FIG. 6 is a low-frequency noise characteristic diagram measured by varying the source-to-source voltage.
- Figure 4 shows the relationship between the SiGe-pMOSFET body-source voltage and drain current noise, and Figure 4 (b) shows the SiGe-pMOSFET body-source voltage and input. It is a relationship diagram with conversion noise.
- Figure 5 shows the relationship between the drain current noise (measured value) and carrier density (simulated value) of the surface channel Si-pMOSFET and the body-source voltage
- Figure 5 (b) Is the drain current noise (measured value) and carrier density (simulated value) of SiGe-pMOSFET ) And the body-source voltage.
- FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c) are cross-sectional structural views of other examples of the buried channel type transistor used in the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 ((! To (!) Is an energy band diagram of these transistors.
- FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) are cross-sectional structural views of other examples of the buried channel transistor used in the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. It is an energy band diagram of a transistor.
- FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (c) are circuit diagrams showing an example of the oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8 ((! To (1) are general circuits of these circuits. It is the circuit diagram shown in FIG.
- Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of an LC oscillator used for the simulation of an example of the oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 9 (b) is an oscillation frequency showing the simulation result.
- Fig. 9 (c) is a diagram showing the relationship between CN (signal-to-noise ratio) indicating the simulation result and the forward voltage between body sources. .
- FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (c) are circuit diagrams showing an example of the oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 10 ((! To (1) are general circuits of those oscillators. It is the circuit diagram shown in FIG.
- FIGS. Ll (a) to (c) are circuit diagrams showing an example of the oscillator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 11 ((! To (1) are general circuits of those oscillators. It is a circuit diagram showing an example of an oscillator in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (c) are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 13A to 13C are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 14A to 14C are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 15A to 15C are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 16A to 16C are circuits showing other examples of the oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16A to 16C are circuits showing other examples of the oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 17A to 17C are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 18A to 18D are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 19A to 19D are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 20A to 20D are circuit diagrams showing other examples of the oscillator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 21 (a) to (: c) are circuit diagrams showing examples of conventional oscillators, and FIGS. 21 ((! To (D are circuit diagrams generally showing those circuits). It is.
- FIGS. 22 (a) to (c) are circuit diagrams showing other examples of conventional oscillators.
- FIGS. 23 (a) to 23 (c) are circuit diagrams showing other examples of conventional oscillators.
- 24 (a) to 24 (d) are circuit diagrams showing other examples of conventional oscillators.
- FIG. 25 (a) is a low-frequency noise characteristic diagram of the transistor
- FIG. 25 (b) is a noise characteristic diagram of the oscillator.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the mutual conductance measurement results when the thickness of the Si cap layer of the SiGe-pMOSFET is lnm
- FIG. 26 (b) is a diagram of the SiGe-pMOSFET. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of a mutual conductance when the film thickness of a Si cap layer is 6 nm.
- FIG. 27 shows the simulation results of the carrier density directly under the gate insulating film when the film thickness of the Si cap layer of the SiGe-pMOSFET is lnm
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a simulation result of a carrier density immediately below a gate insulating film when the thickness of the Si cap layer of the SiGe-pMOSFET is 6 nm.
- Figure 28 shows the simulation results of the drain current versus the gate-source voltage of the SiGe-pMOSFET.
- Figure 28 (b) shows the transconductance versus the gate-source voltage of the SiGe-pMOSFET. It is a figure which shows the simulation result.
- Fig.29 is a circuit diagram of the LC oscillator used in the simulation performed with respect to the phase noise using the ideal current source as the oscillator current source, and Fig.29 (b) is the simulation It is a characteristic figure of phase noise which shows a result.
- FIG. 30 (a) is a circuit diagram of the LC oscillator used in the simulation performed with respect to the phase noise using various transistors as the current source of the oscillator
- FIG. 30 (b) is a simulation diagram. It is a characteristic diagram of phase noise showing a part of the result of Chillon.
- FIG. 31 is a table summarizing the results of simulations performed on phase noise using various transistors as the current source of the oscillator.
- a buried channel type MOSFET is used for the amplifier circuit, and a potential is applied to the body region so that a forward bias is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body source (between the body region and the source).
- Fig. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a conventional surface channel pMOSFET (hereinafter referred to as a surface channel Si-pMOSFET) used in the experiment and simulation, and Fig. 1 (c) is a surface chip. It is an energy band diagram of a channel type Si-pMOSFET.
- This surface channel Si-pMOSF ET is composed of an n-type well 52 formed on a silicon substrate 51, a p-type source 54 and drain 55 formed on the n-type well 52, and a source 54 and a drain 55.
- a gate electrode 58 formed through a gate insulating film 57 above, and has a surface channel structure in which holes 61 move through the interface between the gate insulating film 57 and the Si layer.
- Reference numeral 56 denotes an element isolation insulator region.
- Fig. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional structure diagram of an embedded channel pMOSFET (hereinafter referred to as SiGe-pMOSFET) in which the SiGe layer used in the experiment and simulation is a channel layer.
- d) is an energy band diagram of SiGe-pMOSFET.
- This SiGe-pMOSFET includes an n-type hole 52 formed on a silicon substrate 51 and a p-type saw formed on the n-type hole 52.
- SiGe (Si_Ge) channel layer 65 formed between source 54 and drain 55, Si cap layer 66 formed on SiGe channel layer 65, and above Si cap layer 66 And a gate electrode 58 formed with a gate insulating film 57 interposed therebetween.
- Si Ge layer is used as the SiGe channel layer 65.
- a band offset occurs in the valence band 60 at the semiconductor junction between the Si layer and the SiGe layer, so that the interface between the Si cap layer 66 and the SiGe channel layer 65 is a hole.
- An embedded structure in which 61 moves can be realized.
- the thickness of each layer is 15 nm for the SiGe channel layer 65 and 5 nm for the Si cap layer 66.
- polysilicon having a thickness of about 200 nm is deposited, and a gate electrode 58 is formed by using a resist pattern jung using lithography and dry etching. Thereafter, boron (B) is ion-implanted to form the source 54 and the drain 55. Finally, AL wiring (not shown) is formed to complete the device.
- Figure 2 shows the drain current noise (S) of surface channel Si-pMOSFET and SiGe-pMOSFET.
- the element size is 1 ⁇ m for the gate length and 10 ⁇ m for the gate width, and the voltage conditions during measurement are Vg for the gate-source voltage, Vt for the threshold voltage, and Vd for the drain-source voltage.
- Vg-Vt is -0.3V and Vd is -0.5V.
- Figure 2 shows that the drain current noise of the SiGe-pMO SFET can be reduced to about 1Z4 of the surface channel Si-pMOSFET. This phenomenon is related to the interface state where carriers move. SiO game
- Figure 3 (a) shows the drain voltage measured by varying the applied voltage (body-source voltage) Vb between the body region (n-type wall 52) and the source region of the surface channel Si-pMOSFET.
- the frequency characteristics of current noise (S) are shown in Fig. 3 (b).
- the device size is the same as in Fig. 2.
- Vg-Vt is -0.3V and Vd is -0.5V.
- the body-source voltage Vb is changed in steps of 0.1V from + 0.2V power to -0.4V, and the respective voltage Vb
- the measurement results when applying (+ 0.2V, + 0.1V, + 0.0V, -0.IV, -0.2V, -0.3V, -0.4V) are shown.
- the gate voltage is controlled so that the drain current value becomes almost constant even if the body-source voltage Vb is changed.
- Fig. 4 is a graph plotting the noise characteristics at 50Hz of the SiGe-pMOSFET against the body-source voltage Vb.
- Fig. 4 (a) shows the drain current noise (S) and Fig. 4 (b )
- Input conversion noise is the value of drain current noise at the gate input.
- Figure 5 (a) shows the measured drain current noise S at 50 Hz for the surface channel Si-pMOSFET (A
- Figure 5 (b) shows the measured value (B1) of the drain current noise S at 50 Hz for the SiGe-pMOS FET and the simulation results.
- the gate oxide film interface is the dominant factor of low-frequency noise, and the parasitic channel generated at the gate insulating film ZSi interface mainly generates low-frequency noise.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a buried channel nMOSFET having a SiC layer as a channel layer
- FIG. 6 (d) is an energy band diagram thereof.
- This buried channel nMOSFET is formed by replacing the n-type well 52 of the SiGe-pMOSFET in FIG. 1 (b) with a p-type well 53, and replacing the source 54 and drain 55 with the p-type region in the n-type region.
- a SiC (Si C) channel layer 67 is formed instead of the SiGe channel layer 65.
- a band offset occurs in the conduction band 59.
- an embedded channel of electrons 62 is formed at the interface between the Si cap layer 66 and the SiC channel layer 67.
- This manufacturing method is similar to the SiGe-pMOSFET manufacturing method. The main difference is that p-type ul 53 is formed by ion implantation, and disilane and methylsilane are used as the crystal growth gas for the SiC channel layer 67. Is a point.
- Fig. 6 (b) is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a buried channel nMOSFET having a SiGeC layer as a channel layer, and Fig. 6 (e) is its energy band diagram.
- a SiGeC (Si Ge C) channel layer 68 is formed in place of the SiC channel layer 67 of the nMOSFET in FIG. 6 (a).
- Fig. 6 (c) is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a buried channel type pMOSFET having a SiGeC (Si Ge C) layer as a channel layer, and Fig. 6 (1) is its energy band diagram.
- an n-type hole 52 is formed in place of the p-type well 53 of the nMOSFET in FIG. 6 (b), and a source 54 and a drain 55 are formed in the p-type region instead of the n-type region.
- band offsets occur in the conduction band and valence band at the semiconductor junction between SiGeC and Si, and a buried channel can be realized for both electrons and holes.
- These manufacturing methods are similar to the SiGe-pMOSFET manufacturing method. The main difference is that disilane, germane, and methylsilane are used as the crystal growth gas for the SiGeC channel layer 68.
- Case b) is different in that p-type 53 is formed by ion implantation.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a buried channel type nM OSFET using an n-type counter-doping layer (n-type Si layer) 69
- FIG. 7 (c) is an energy band diagram thereof.
- a p-type well 53 is formed instead of the n-type well 52 of the SiGe-pMOSFET in FIG. 1 (b), and the source 54 and drain 55 are replaced with a p-type region in the n-type region.
- the n-type counter-doping layer 69 is formed instead of the Si Ge channel layer 65, and the n-type counter-doping layer 69 is formed directly in contact with the gate insulating film 57 without the Si cap layer 66. Has been.
- the n-type counter-doping layer 69 causes the energy band to be curved, and an electron buried channel is formed.
- FIG. 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view of a buried channel pMOSFET using a p-type counter-doping layer (p-type Si layer) 70, and FIG. 7 (d) is an energy band diagram thereof.
- This buried channel pMOSFET has a p-type counter-doping layer 70 instead of the SiGe channel layer 65 of the SiGe-p MOSFET of FIG. 70 is formed in contact with the gate insulating film 57 immediately below.
- the p-type counter-doping layer 70 causes the energy band to be bent and forms a hole-embedded channel.
- An ion implantation method may be used to form the counter-doping layers 69 and 70.
- a parasitic channel is generated at the interface of the gate insulating film ZSi, and therefore, the parasitic channel has a dominant influence on the noise characteristics like the SiGe-pMOSFET. Therefore, by applying a potential to the body region (n-type 52 or p-type 53) so that a forward bias is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source, the number of carriers generated in the parasitic channel is suppressed, Low frequency noise characteristics can be improved.
- a buried channel pMOSFET using the SiGe-pMOSFET in FIG. 1 (b) and the p-type counter-doping layer (p-type Si layer) 70 in FIG. pMOSFE T if the p-type counter one doping layer 70 is thin, the distance from the gate insulating film 57 to the channel is shortened, and the short channel effect with a large threshold voltage is reduced. In addition, when the p-type counter driving layer 70 is thick, the distance from the gate insulating film 57 to the channel becomes long. The short channel effect increases as the threshold voltage decreases. For this reason, it is difficult to achieve both reduction of the threshold voltage and suppression of the short channel effect.
- the threshold voltage can be controlled by changing the Ge composition ratio of the SiGe channel layer 65, and the short channel effect can be achieved by reducing the thickness of the Si cap layer 66. It is possible to suppress it. Since the Si cap layer 66 is formed by crystal growth on the SiGe channel layer 65, the film thickness of the Si cap layer 66 can be controlled and thinned by controlling the film thickness for crystal growth.
- the Si cap layer can be thinned to about 0.5 nm. Furthermore, if the atomic layer growth method is used, it is possible to control the film thickness at the atomic layer level. Therefore, the SiGe-pMO SFET has the advantage that it is easy to achieve both reduction of the threshold voltage and suppression of the short channel effect compared to the buried channel type Si-pMOSFET.
- Fig. 26 (a) shows the measurement results of mutual conductance (gm) when the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 of the SiGe-pMOSFET is lnm.
- Fig. 26 (b) The measurement results of the mutual conductance (gm) when the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 of the SiGe-pMOSFET is 6 nm are shown.
- the element size is 50 m for the gate length and 50 m for the gate width
- the voltage condition during measurement is that the drain-source voltage Vd is -30 OmV.
- the gate-source voltage is Vg
- the threshold voltage is Vt
- the horizontal axis is Vg-Vt.
- Fig. 27 (a) shows the simulation result of the carrier density directly under the gate insulating film 57 when the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 of the SiGe-pMOSFET is lnm.
- b) shows the simulation result of the carrier density directly under the gate insulating film 57 when the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 of the SiGe-pMOSFET is 6 nm.
- the simulation results are shown when the body-source voltage Vb is changed stepwise to 0.5V, 0V, and -0.5V.
- the horizontal axis represents the depth from the lower surface of the gate insulating film 57.
- the carrier generated in the Si cap layer 66 is smaller when the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 is reduced to lnm. Many carriers are induced in the SiGe channel layer 65 near the interface with the Si cap layer 66.
- Fig. 28 (a) shows the simulation result of the drain current Id with respect to the gate-source voltage Vg of the SiGe-pMOSFET
- Fig. 28 (b) shows the gate-source of the SiGe-pMOSFET.
- the simulation results of the mutual conductance gm with respect to the inter-voltage Vg are shown.
- the element size was set to a gate length of 50 m and a drain-source voltage Vd of -300 mV.
- the simulation results when the film thickness (t) of the Si cap layer 66 is 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, and 7 nm are shown.
- the surface channel type Si- The result of simulating pMOSFET under the same conditions (Si-pMOS) is also shown!
- the simulation result (Si-pMOS) of the surface channel Si-pMOSFET Improved electrical properties The degree is low. Therefore, it is desirable that the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 be less than 5 nm. In order to realize a buried channel structure, the Si cap layer 66 is indispensable. Further, if the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 is made too thin, there is a risk that germanium oxide is formed when the gate insulating film 57 is formed. The formation of germanium oxide significantly increases the interface state, causing problems such as deterioration of low-frequency noise characteristics and threshold voltage shift. Furthermore, segregation of Ge and the like occur, and the gate leakage current increases.
- the film thickness t of the Si cap layer 66 be Onm ⁇ t ⁇ 5 nm. Furthermore, from FIGS. 28 (a) and 28 (b), the drain current and mutual conductance are significantly increased when the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 is 3 nm or less, so that the electrical characteristics can be further improved. For this reason, the thickness of the Si cap layer 66 is preferably less than 3 nm.
- a natural oxide film of about lnm is formed. At this time, the Si layer is consumed about 0.5 times due to the formation of a natural acid film.
- the film thickness of the Si cap layer 66 is 0.5 nm ⁇ t ⁇ 3 nm.
- FIG. 6 (a), FIG. 6 (b), and FIG. 6 (b) are provided with the force Si cap layer 66 showing the results of experiments and simulations on the characteristics of the SiGe-pMOSFET in FIG. 1 (b). The same tendency is presumed for the buried channel field-effect transistor shown in Fig. 6 (c).
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of the oscillator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 (a) shows an example of a cross-coupled differential oscillator using a buried channel type nMOSFET.
- (d) shows a typical circuit configuration example.
- This oscillator includes an LC resonance circuit 37 including an inductor and a capacitor as components, and transistors 12 and 13 connected to a drain force SLC resonance circuit 37 and having an nMOSFET force connected to each other in a differential pair, and transistors 12 and 13 Commonly connected source and ground (Do not ground wiring In other words, it has a current source 36 connected to the ground potential (low-potential side power supply wiring to which GND is applied) and an output terminal (Vout is an oscillation output signal) connected to the drain of one transistor 13 ing.
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 12 and 13 are buried channel nMOS FETs, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a), 6 (b), and 7 (a). A buried channel type nMOSF ET may be used.
- the second feature is that the transistors 12 and 13 are provided with body terminals b 12 and b 13 for applying a potential to the body region, respectively.
- the signals are amplified by the differentially connected transistors 12 and 13, and the oscillation frequency is determined by the LC resonance circuit 37 constituted by the inductors 30 and 31 and the capacitors 33 and 34.
- a potential is applied to the body terminals b 12 and b 13 so that a forward voltage is applied between the body sources. When the voltage drop due to the current source 36 is Voff, the potential Vb 12 applied to the body terminal b 12 and the potential Vb 13 applied to the body terminal b 13 are
- Vbl2 and Vbl3 Set the values of Vbl2 and Vbl3 to satisfy This is because a forward voltage larger than 0.7 volts corresponding to the silicon diffusion potential (diffusive potential difference) is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source of the buried channel nMOSFET, and the body region force toward the source region. This is to avoid sudden current flow.
- the values (potentials) of Vbl2 and Vbl3 can be set using an external power supply. Vbl2 and Vbl3 may be set to the same value (potential). If the same value (potential) is set, the number of external power supplies can be reduced.
- FIG. 8 (b) shows an example of a cross-coupled differential oscillator using a buried channel type pMOSFET
- FIG. 8 (e) shows a typical circuit configuration example thereof.
- This oscillator is composed of an LC resonance circuit 37 including an inductor and a capacitor as components, transistors 22 and 23 connected to a drain force SLC resonance circuit 37 and pMOSFET forces connected to each other in a differential pair, and transistors 22, 23 Connected to the drain of one transistor 23 and the current source 36 connected between the part where the sources of 23 are connected in common and the power supply wiring on the high potential side where the power supply potential Vdd is applied Output terminals (Vout is an oscillation output signal).
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 22 and 23 are buried channel type pMOSFETs, as shown in FIGS. L (b), 6 (c), and 7 (b). A buried channel type pMOSF ET may be used.
- the second feature is that the transistors 22 and 23 include body terminals b22 and b23 for applying a potential to the body region, respectively.
- the signals are amplified by the differentially connected transistors 22 and 23, and the oscillation frequency is determined by the LC resonance circuit 37 constituted by the inductors 30 and 31 and the capacitors 33 and 34.
- a potential is applied to the body terminals b22 and b23 so that a forward voltage is applied between the body and the source.
- the power supply voltage is Vdd and the voltage drop due to the current source 36 is Voff
- the potential Vb22 applied to the body terminal b22 and the potential Vb23 applied to the body terminal b23 are
- Vb22 and Vb23 Set the values of Vb22 and Vb23 to satisfy This is because a forward voltage larger than 0.7 volts corresponding to the diffusion potential of silicon is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source of the buried channel type pMOSFET, and the source region force also suddenly flows toward the body region. This is for avoiding the flow of water.
- the values (potentials) of Vb22 and Vb23 can be set using an external power supply. Vb22 and Vb23 may be set to the same value (potential). If the same value (potential) is set, the number of external power supplies can be reduced.
- Figure 8 (c) shows an example of a cross-coupled CMOS differential oscillator using a buried channel nMOSFET and a buried channel pMOSFET
- Figure 8 (1) shows a typical circuit configuration example. It was.
- This oscillator has an LC resonance circuit 37 including an inductor and a capacitor as components, and a source connected to a high-potential-side power supply line to which a power supply potential Vdd is applied, and is connected to a drain force SLC resonance circuit 37 and is mutually differential.
- Transistors 12, 23 consisting of pair-connected pMOSFETs, drain transistors SLC resonance circuit 37, and nMOSFETs connected to each other in differential pairs, and sources of transistors 12, 13 Is connected between the common-connected portion and the low-potential power supply wiring to which the ground potential GND is applied, and the output terminal connected to the drain of the transistor 23 (Vout is the oscillation output signal) Issue).
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 12 and 13 are buried channel nMOS FETs, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a), 6 (b), and 7 (a). A buried channel type nMOSF ET may be used.
- the second feature is that transistors 22 and 23 are buried channel pMOSFETs, and buried channel pMOSFETs such as those shown in Fig. L (b), Fig. 6 (c), and Fig. 7 (b) are used. That's fine.
- the third feature is that the transistors 12, 13, 22 and 23 have body terminals bl2, bl3, b22 and b23 for applying a potential to the force body region, respectively.
- the signals are amplified by the differential pair-connected transistors 12 and 13 and the differential pair-connected transistors 22 and 23, and the inductor 32 and the capacitance 35 placed between the two differential circuit pairs 35
- the oscillation frequency is determined by the LC resonance circuit 37 composed of A potential is applied to the body terminals bl2, bl3, b22 and b23 so that a forward voltage is applied between the body sources.
- the power supply voltage is Vdd and the voltage drop due to the current source 36 is Voff
- the potentials Vbl2, Vbl3, Vb22 and Vb23 applied to the body terminals bl2, bl3, b22 and b23 are
- Vbl2, Vbl3, Vb22, and Vb23 are sets to satisfy This is because a forward voltage larger than 0.7 volts corresponding to the diffusion potential of silicon is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source of the buried channel MOSFET, and a current suddenly flows between the body region and the source region. This is to avoid flowing.
- the values (potentials) of Vbl2, Vbl3, Vb22 and Vb23 can be set using an external power supply.
- Vbl2 and Vbl3, Vb22 and Vb23 may be set to the same value (potential). If the same value (potential) is set, the number of external power supplies can be reduced.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the LC oscillator used in the simulation.
- Transistors 22 and 23 both have a gate length of 0.18 m and a gate width of 500 m.
- the same potential Vbb is applied to the body terminals b22 and b23 of the transistor.
- the power supply voltage Vdd was 1.2V, and the current value of the current source 36 was set to 16mA.
- the inductances of the coils 30 and 31 used in the resonance circuit are 2nH, the capacitance values of the capacitors 33 and 34 are 5.6pF, and the oscillation frequency is set to 1.27GHz.
- the Q value of the resonant circuit was set to 5.
- the horizontal axis shows the forward voltage between the body and source (Vdd-Vbb), and the dependence of the oscillation frequency on the forward voltage between the body and source is shown. Although the oscillation frequency decreases slightly as the forward voltage value between the body and source increases, operation with no particular problems has been obtained as an oscillator.
- Fig. 9 (b) the horizontal axis shows the forward voltage between the body and source (Vdd-Vbb), and the dependence of the oscillation frequency on the forward voltage between the body and source is shown.
- the oscillation frequency decreases slightly as the forward voltage value between the body and source increases, operation with no particular problems has been obtained as an oscillator.
- the horizontal axis shows the forward voltage (Vdd-Vbb) between the body and source, and shows the dependence of CN (signal-to-noise ratio) on the forward voltage between the body and source. It can be seen that the CN of the circuit can be improved by applying a forward voltage between the body source.
- each embedded channel type field effect transistor constituting the amplifier circuit of the oscillator has a terminal for applying a potential to its body region, and supplies it to the terminal.
- the voltage value between the body and source can be set arbitrarily.
- the low-frequency noise characteristics of the amplifying field effect transistor can be reduced, and the noise characteristics of the entire oscillator can be reduced. It can be improved.
- FIG. 8 used in Embodiment 1 above shows an example in which the present invention is applied to the cross-coupled differential oscillator shown in FIG. 21, but the other examples shown in FIGS.
- the present invention by applying the present invention to this oscillator, the low-frequency noise characteristics of the field effect transistor can be reduced, and the noise characteristics of the entire oscillator can be improved.
- FIGS. 12 (a), (b), and (c) apply the present invention to the conventional three-stage single-ended ring oscillator shown in FIGS. 22 (a), (b), and (c), respectively.
- Is the body terminal of nMOSFET, and bpl to bp3 are the body terminals of pMOSFET.
- the three-stage single-ended ring oscillator shown in Fig. 12 (a) and Fig. 22 (a) has a resistor R1 with one end connected to the power supply wiring on the high potential side,
- the nMOSFET ⁇ MN1 and capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the wiring form the first stage.
- nMOSFET'MN1 to MN3 are embedded channel type nMOSFETs having a body terminal for applying a desired potential to the body region from the outside.
- a potential is applied to the body terminals bnl to bn3 so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source is diffused by silicon. Below potential.
- the three-stage single-ended ring oscillator shown in Figs. 12 (b) and 22 (b) includes a resistor R1 having one end connected to the low-potential side power supply wiring, the other end of the resistor R1, and the high-potential side.
- the first step is composed of pMOSFET'MPl and capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the power supply wiring.
- the second and third stages are configured, and the connection between the capacitor and the resistor is the output terminal and is connected to the gate of the next-stage pMOSFET.
- the output terminal of the final stage is connected to the gate of the first stage pMOSFET'MPl and to the output terminal (Vout).
- FIG. 12 (b) as in FIG.
- a buried channel type pMOS FET having a body terminal for applying a desired potential to the body region from the outside is used as pMOSFET'MPl to MP3.
- the body terminals bpl to bp3 are configured to apply a potential so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body sources. More preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body sources is less than the silicon diffusion potential.
- the three-stage single-ended ring oscillator shown in Figs. 12 (c) and 22 (c) includes a drain of pMOSFET'MPl whose source is connected to the power supply wiring on the high potential side, and a power supply whose source is the low potential side.
- the drain of nMOSFET'MNl connected to the wiring is connected, and the capacitor C1 is connected between the drain of pMOSFET'MPl and the power supply wiring on the low potential side to form the first stage portion.
- the second and third stage parts are configured, and the drains of the capacitor and pMOSFET are respectively used.
- the part connected to IN becomes the output terminal, and is connected to the gate of the next-stage pMOSFET and the gate of the nMOSFET.
- the output terminal of the final stage is connected to the gate of pMOSFET'MPl and nMOSFET'MNl of the first stage and to the output terminal (Vout). Furthermore, in the case of FIG. 12 (c), as in FIG.
- nMOSFET'MN1 to MN3 a buried channel nMOSFET having a body terminal for applying a desired potential to the body region from the outside is used as nMOSFET'MN1 to MN3, and the body
- the terminals bnl to bn3 are configured to apply a potential so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source
- pMOSFET'MPl to MP3 are provided with body terminals for applying a desired potential from the outside to the body region.
- the embedded channel type pMOSFET is used, and a potential is applied to the body terminals bpl to bp3 so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body sources. More preferably, the semiconductor junction between each body source is applied.
- the forward voltage applied is less than the silicon diffusion potential.
- the number of transistor stages is not limited to three, but may be an odd number of three or more.
- FIGS. 15 (a), (b), and (c) show the present invention as the conventional differential three-stage ring oscillator shown in FIGS. 23 (a), (b), and (c), respectively.
- 4 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration in the case of applying n, where bnl to bn6 are nMO SFET body terminals, and bpl to bp6 are pMOSFET body terminals.
- the differential three-stage ring oscillator shown in Fig. 15 (a) and Fig. 23 (a) consists of a current source II with one end connected to the low-potential side power supply wiring, the other end of the current source II, and a high-potential side power source.
- the first stage portion is constituted by the resistor R1 and nMOSFET'MN1 and the resistor R2 and nMOSFET'MN2 connected in series with each other.
- the second and third stage parts are configured, and the drain of each nMOSFET serves as the output terminal and is connected to the gate of each nMOSFET in the next stage.
- the drains of nMOSFET-MN5 and MN6, which are the output terminals of the final stage, are connected to the gates of nMOSFETs MOSFET1 and ⁇ 2 in the first stage. Further, in the case of FIG. 15 (a), as in FIG.
- an embedded channel nMOSFET having a body terminal for applying a desired potential to the body region from the outside is used as nMOSFET'MN1 to MN6.
- the terminals bnl to bn6 are configured to apply a potential so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is the diffusion potential of silicon.
- the differential three-stage ring oscillator shown in Fig. 15 (b) and Fig. 23 (b) has one end connected to the power supply wiring on the high potential side.
- First stage part of connected current source 11 and resistor R1 and pMOSFET MP 1 and resistor R2 and pMOSFET MP2 connected in series between the other end of current source 11 and the low-potential power line Is configured.
- the second and third stages are configured, and the drain of each pM OSFET serves as the output terminal and is connected to the gate of each pMOSFET in the next stage.
- pMOSFET'MP5 and MP6 which are the output terminals of the final stage, are connected to the gates of pMOSFETs MP1 and MP2 in the first stage.
- pMOSFET 'MP1 to MP6 a buried channel type pMOSFET having a body terminal for applying a desired potential to the external force body region is used as pMOSFET 'MP1 to MP6.
- a potential is applied to the terminals bp1 to bp6 so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body sources. More preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body sources is diffused by silicon. Below the electric potential.
- the differential three-stage ring oscillator shown in Fig. 15 (c) and Fig. 23 (c) consists of a current source II with one end connected to the low-potential side power supply wiring, the other end of the current source II, and a high-potential side power source.
- the first stage part is composed of pMOSFET ⁇ MP 1 and nMOSFET ⁇ MN 1 and pMOSFET ⁇ MP2 and nM OSFET ⁇ ⁇ 2 connected in series with each other.
- the second and third stages are configured, and the drain of each nMOSFET (or the drain of pMOSFET) serves as the output terminal, and is connected to the gate of the next connected pMOSFET and nMOSFET, respectively.
- nMOSFET MN5 drain of pMOSFET MP5
- nMOSFET'MNl drain of pMOSFET'MPl
- nMOSFE T MN6 pMOSFET MP6 The drain
- the nMOSFET MN1 to MN6 are embedded channel type nMOSFETs having body terminals for applying a desired potential to the body region from the outside.
- the terminals bnl to bn6 are configured to apply a potential so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and pMOSFETs MP1 to MP6 are provided with body terminals for applying an external force to the body region.
- the embedded channel type pMOSFET is used, and its body terminals bpl to bp6 are configured to apply a potential so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body sources, and more preferably the semiconductor junction between each body source. Applied to The forward voltage is set below the silicon diffusion potential.
- the number of transistor stages is not limited if the total number of inversions in the loop is an odd number.
- the number of ring oscillator stages is not limited to three. Any level or higher
- FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b) are circuit diagrams showing the circuit configuration when the present invention is applied to the conventional Colpitts oscillator shown in FIGS. 24 (a) and 24 (b), respectively.
- 18 (c) and (d) are circuit diagrams showing the circuit configuration when the present invention is applied to the conventional Hartley oscillator shown in FIGS. 24 (c) and (d), respectively, and bnl is an nMOSFET.
- the body terminal, bpl is the body terminal of the pMOSFET.
- the Hartley oscillator shown in Figure 18 (c) and Figure 24 (c) has an nMOSFET with one end connected to the other end of the current source II connected to the low-potential side power supply wiring and the gate connected to the power supply wiring on the low potential side.
- the source of MN1 is connected, nMOSFET ⁇
- Two inductors L1 and L2 connected in series and capacitor C1 are connected in parallel between the drain of MN1 and the power supply wiring on the high potential side, and two inductors L1 And the connection part of L2 is connected to the source and output terminal (Vout) of nMOSFET'MNl.
- an embedded channel nMOSFET having a body terminal for applying a desired potential to the external force body region is used as nMOSFET'MNl.
- the body terminal bn 1 is configured to apply a potential so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source is the silicon. Or lower than the diffusion potential.
- one end is connected to the other end of the current source II connected to the high potential side power supply wiring, and the gate is connected to the high potential side power supply wiring.
- the source of the connected pMOSFET'M PI is connected, and two capacitors C1 and C2 connected in series and the inductor L1 are connected in parallel between the drain of the pMOSFET'MPl and the power supply wiring on the low potential side.
- the connection of two capacitors CI and C2 is connected to the source and output terminal (Vout) of pMOSFET'MPl.
- the Hartley oscillator shown in Figure 18 (d) and Figure 24 (d) is a pMOSFET with one end connected to the other end of the current source II connected to the high-potential side power supply wiring and the gate connected to the high-potential side power supply wiring.
- the source of 'MPl is connected, and two inductors L1 and L2 connected in series and capacitor C1 are connected in parallel between the drain of pMOSFET'MPl and the power supply wiring on the low potential side.
- the connection of L2 is connected to the source and output terminal (Vout) of pMOSFET'MPl.
- a buried channel pMOSFET having a body terminal for applying a desired potential to the body region from the outside is used as pMOSFET'MPl.
- the body terminal bpl is configured to apply a potential so that a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source. More preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is silicon. Below the diffusion potential.
- the buried channel nM OSFET used in Embodiment 1 has a triple-well structure.
- a triple-well structure even if a forward voltage is applied to the body terminal of a buried channel nMOSFET, it is possible to eliminate the effect of voltage application to other nMOSFETs placed on the same substrate.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of the oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 (a) shows an example of a cross-coupled nMOSF ET differential oscillator using a buried channel type nMOSFET.
- Fig. 10 (d) shows an example of a typical circuit configuration.
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 12 and 13 are buried channel nMOSFETs, which are buried channel nMOSFETs as shown in Figs. 6 (a), 6 (b), and 7 (a). Can be used.
- the second feature is that the power supply potential Vdd is applied to the body terminals bl2 and bl3 of the transistors 12 and 13. Specifically, the body terminals b12 and b13 are connected by wiring to the high potential side power supply wiring to which the power supply potential Vdd is applied.
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the signal is amplified by transistors 12 and 13 connected in a differential pair, and an oscillation frequency is determined by an LC resonance circuit 37 composed of inductors 30 and 31 and capacitors 33 and 34.
- an external power supply is not required in addition to the power supply of the power supply voltage Vdd, so that there is an advantage that the circuit scale can be reduced as compared with the first embodiment.
- Vbl2 and Vbl3 are at power supply potential Vdd, so 0.7 Bonore ⁇ Vdd -VoflF> 0
- the power supply voltage Vdd is 1.0 V and the voltage drop Voff ⁇ O.
- the power supply voltage Vdd is set to 1.0 V, for example, according to the process rule in which the transistor gate length is 65 to 90 nm.
- FIG. Figure 10 (b) shows an example of a cross-coupled pMOSFET differential oscillator using a buried channel type pMOSFET
- Fig. 10 (e) shows a typical circuit configuration example.
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 22 and 23 are buried channel pMOSFETs, which are buried channel pMOSFETs as shown in Fig. L (b), Fig. 6 (c), and Fig. 7 (b). Should be used.
- the second feature is that the body terminals b22 and b23 of the transistors 22 and 23 are grounded. Specifically, the body terminals b22 and b23 are connected to the low potential side power supply wiring (ground wiring) to which the ground potential GND is applied.
- the body terminals b22 and b23 are grounded, so that there is no gap between the body source of the buried channel pMOSFET.
- the forward voltage is applied.
- Signals are connected by differential pair-connected transistors 22 and 23.
- the signal is amplified and the oscillation frequency is determined by an LC resonance circuit 37 composed of inductors 30 and 31 and capacitors 33 and 34.
- Vb22 and Vb23 are at 0 volts of ground, so it is desirable to satisfy
- the power supply voltage Vdd is 1.0 V and the voltage drop Voff ⁇ O.
- the power supply voltage Vdd is set to 1.0 V, for example, according to the process rule in which the transistor gate length is 65 to 90 nm.
- the body region of the pMOSFET is generally connected to the power supply wiring on the high potential side, and the ground connection as shown in FIG.
- Fig. 10 (c) shows an example of a cross-coupled CMOS differential oscillator using a buried channel type nMOSFET and a buried channel type pMOSFET
- Fig. 10 (1) shows a typical circuit configuration example. Indicated.
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 12 and 13 are buried channel nMOSFETs, which are buried channel as shown in Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b), and Fig. 7 (a).
- a type nMOSFET may be used.
- the second feature is that transistors 22 and 23 are buried channel pMOSFETs, and buried channel pMOSFETs as shown in Fig. L (b), Fig. 6 (c), and Fig. 7 (b). You should use!
- the third feature of this circuit is that a power supply potential Vdd is applied to the body terminals b12 and b13 of the transistors 12 and 13. Specifically, the body terminals b12 and b13 are connected to a high potential side power supply wiring to which a power supply potential Vdd is applied. When the voltage drop at the current source 36 is Voff, the body region is connected to the power supply wiring on the high potential side.
- Vdd -VoflF The forward voltage is applied.
- the fourth feature of this circuit is that the body terminals b22 and b23 of the transistors 22 and 23 are grounded. Specifically, the body terminals b22 and b23 are connected to a low-potential-side power supply wiring (ground wiring) to which a ground potential GND is applied. By grounding the body terminals b22 and b23, there is no gap between the body sources of the buried channel type pMOSFET.
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the signal is amplified by the differential paired transistors 12 and 13 and also by the differential paired transistors 22 and 23, and consists of an inductor 32 and a capacitance 35 placed between the two differential circuit pairs.
- the oscillation frequency is determined by the LC resonance circuit 37.
- Vb 12 and Vb 13 are at the power supply potential Vdd, and Vb22 and Vb23 are at the ground potential of 0 volts.
- the low frequency noise characteristic of the amplification field effect transistor used in the oscillator can be reduced, and the noise characteristic of the entire oscillator can be improved.
- the circuit scale can be made smaller than in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 used in the second embodiment an example in which the present invention is applied to the cross-coupled differential oscillator shown in FIG. 21 is shown.
- FIGS. 21 other oscillators shown in FIGS.
- the same effect can be obtained by applying the present invention.
- FIGS. the following is a brief description.
- Figs. 13 (a), (b), and (c) show the results when the present invention is applied to the conventional three-stage single-ended ring oscillator shown in Figs. 22 (a), (b), and (c), respectively.
- It is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration bnl to bn3 are nMOSFET body terminals, and bpl to bp3 are pMOSFET body terminals.
- bnl to bn3 are nMOSFET body terminals
- bpl to bp3 are pMOSFET body terminals.
- buried channel type nMOSFETs are used as nMOSFET'MNl to MN3, and their body terminals bnl to bn3 are connected to the high potential side power supply wiring to which the power supply potential Vdd is applied.
- the forward voltage is applied to the body-source semiconductor junction, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the body-source semiconductor junction is less than or equal to the silicon diffusion potential.
- a buried channel type pMOSFET is used as pMOSFET'MPl to MP3, and its body terminals bpl to bp3 are connected to the low-potential side power supply to which the ground potential GND is applied.
- the forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is the diffusion potential of silicon. The following.
- Fig. 13 (c) as in Fig.
- buried channel type nMOSFETs are used as nMOSFETs MN1 to MN3, and their body terminals bnl to bn3 are connected to the power supply wiring on the high potential side where the power supply potential Vdd is applied And a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source, and buried channel type pMOSFETs are used as PM0SFET'MP1 to MP3, and the body terminals bpl to bp3 are connected to the ground potential GND. It is connected to the power supply wiring (ground wiring) on the low potential side, and forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably in the order applied to the semiconductor junction between each body source. The direction voltage is less than the diffusion potential of silicon. In these cases, as described with reference to FIG. 22, the number of transistor stages (number of ring oscillator stages) is not limited to three, and may be an odd number of three or more.
- FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b), c) the present invention was applied to the conventional differential three-stage ring oscillator shown in FIGS. 23 (a) and 23 (b).
- bnl to bn6 are nMOSFET body terminals
- bpl to bp6 are pMOSFET body terminals.
- embedded channel nMOSFETs are used as nMOSFETs ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6, and their body terminals bnl to bn6 are connected to the power supply wiring on the high potential side to which the power supply potential Vdd is applied. More preferably, a forward voltage is applied to the body-source semiconductor junction.
- the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is less than the silicon diffusion potential.
- a buried channel type pMOSFET is used as pMOSFET'MPl to MP6, and its body terminals bpl to bp6 are connected to the low potential side power supply wiring to which the ground potential GND is applied (
- the forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source, and more preferably the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source is less than the diffusion potential of silicon. To do.
- Fig. 16 (c) as in Fig.
- embedded channel type nMOSFETs are used as nMOSFET'MNl to MN6, and their body terminals bnl to bn6 are connected to the high potential side power supply wiring to which the power supply potential Vdd is applied.
- a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and embedded channel type pMOSFETs are used as pMOSFE ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6, and their body terminals bpl to bp6 are connected to the ground potential GND. It is connected to the power supply wiring (ground wiring) on the low potential side, and the forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably applied to the semiconductor junction between each body source.
- the forward voltage applied is below the diffusion potential of silicon.
- the number of transistor stages is not limited to three if the total number of inversions in the loop is odd.
- the number of stages of the ring oscillator is not limited to three. What is necessary is just more than a step.
- FIGS. 19 (a) and 19 (b) are circuit diagrams showing a circuit configuration when the present invention is applied to the conventional Colpitts oscillator shown in FIGS. 24 (a) and 24 (b), respectively.
- 19 (c) and (d) are circuit diagrams showing circuit configurations when the present invention is applied to the conventional Hartley oscillator shown in FIGS. 24 (c) and (d), respectively, and bnl is the body terminal of the nMOSFET.
- Bpl is the body terminal of the pMOSFET.
- a buried channel nMOSFET is used as nMOSFET'MNl and its body terminal bnl is supplied to the high potential side power supply to which the power supply potential Vdd is applied.
- the forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source connected to the wiring, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source is lower than the diffusion potential of the silicon.
- a buried channel type pMOSFET is used as pMOSFET'MPI, and its body terminal bpl is connected to the low potential side to which the ground potential GND is applied. Connect to the power supply wiring (ground wiring) and apply forward voltage to the semiconductor junction between the body and source. The forward voltage applied to the body junction is set below the silicon diffusion potential.
- the embedded channel nMOSFET used in Embodiment 2 has a triple-well structure! /.
- a triple-well structure even if a forward voltage is applied to the body terminal of a buried channel nMOSFET, it is possible to eliminate the effect of voltage application to other nMOSFETs placed on the same substrate.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit configuration of the oscillator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 (a) shows an example of a cross-coupled differential oscillator using a buried channel type nMOSFET.
- 11 (d) shows a typical circuit configuration example.
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 12 and 13 are buried channel nMOSFETs, which are buried channel nMOSFETs as shown in Figs. 6 (a), 6 (b), and 7 (a). May be used.
- the second feature of this circuit is that resistors 38 and 39 are connected to the body terminal bl2 of the transistor 12 so that a potential corresponding to a voltage value obtained by dividing the power supply voltage Vdd is applied.
- the resistors 38 and 39 are connected in series between a high-potential side power supply line to which the power supply potential Vdd is applied and a low-potential side power supply line (ground wiring) to which the ground potential GND is applied.
- a high-potential side power supply line to which the power supply potential Vdd is applied
- a low-potential side power supply line to which the ground potential GND is applied.
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the third feature of this circuit is that the resistors 41 and 42 are connected to the body terminal bl3 of the transistor 13 so that a potential corresponding to the voltage value obtained by resistance distribution of the power supply voltage Vdd is applied.
- the resistors 41 and 42 are connected in series between the power supply wiring on the high potential side and the power supply wiring (ground wiring) on the low potential side. Transistor 13 body-source resistance formation If the resistance is sufficiently larger than the resistance value r3 of the resistor 41 and the resistance value r4 of the resistor 42, the resistor 41 and 42 cause the body terminal bl3 to
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the forward voltage applied between the body and source is greater than about 0.7V, which corresponds to the silicon diffusion potential, the resistance component between the body and source becomes smaller (the diode turns on), so that the current between the body and source Flows. Therefore, it is desirable to set the values of rl, r2, r3 and r4 so that the forward voltage applied between the body sources is about 0.7V or less.
- the power supply voltage Vdd is often set to 1.2V.
- the body region of transistors 12 and 13 is given a potential of 0.6V, and the forward voltage between the body and source is 0.6V, which satisfies the condition of 0.7V or less. it can.
- the current value that flows through the entire resistor is 100 A, which can be sufficiently smaller than the current value that flows through the current source. Also, by making the four resistance values the same, it is possible to reduce variations in the divided voltage values.
- Figure 11 (b) shows an example of a cross-coupled pMOSFET differential oscillator using a buried channel type pMOSFET
- Fig. 11 (e) shows a typical circuit configuration example.
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 22 and 23 are buried channel pMOSFETs, which are buried channel pMOSFETs as shown in Fig. L (b), Fig. 6 (c), and Fig. 7 (b). Should be used.
- the second feature of this circuit is that resistors 38 and 39 are connected to the body terminal b22 of the transistor 22 so that a potential corresponding to the value of the voltage obtained by resistance distribution of the power supply voltage Vdd is applied.
- the resistors 38 and 39 are connected in series between the power supply wiring on the high potential side and the power supply wiring (ground wiring) on the low potential side.
- Transistor 22 body-source resistance formation When the resistance is sufficiently larger than the resistance value rl of the resistor 38 and the resistance value r2 of the resistor 39, the body terminal b22 is connected to the body terminal b22 by the resistors 38 and 39.
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the third feature of this circuit is that resistors 41 and 42 are connected to the body terminal b23 of the transistor 23 so that a potential corresponding to the value of the voltage obtained by resistance distribution of the power supply voltage Vdd is applied.
- the resistors 41 and 42 are connected in series between the high-potential side power supply wiring and the low-potential side power supply wiring (ground wiring).
- the resistance component between the body and source of the transistor 23 is sufficiently larger than the resistance value r3 of the resistor 41 and the resistance value r4 of the resistor 42.
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the forward voltage applied between the body and source is greater than about 0.7V, which corresponds to the silicon diffusion potential, the resistance component between the body and source becomes smaller (the diode turns on), so that the current between the body and source Flows. Therefore, it is desirable to set the values of rl, r2, r3 and r4 so that the forward voltage applied between the body sources is about 0.7V or less.
- Figure 11 (c) shows an example of a cross-coupled CMOS differential oscillator using a buried channel nMOSFET and a buried channel pMOSFET
- Fig. 11 (1) shows a typical circuit configuration example.
- the first feature of this circuit is that the transistors 12 and 13 are buried channel nMOSFETs, which are buried channel nMOSFETs as shown in Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b), and Fig. 7 (a). May be used.
- the second feature is that the transistors 22 and 23 are buried channel type pMOSFETs, which are buried as shown in Fig. L (b), Fig. 6 (c), and Fig. 7 (b).
- the third feature of this circuit is that the resistors 38, 39, and 40 are provided so that the body terminals bl2 and b22 of the transistors 12 and 22 are given a potential corresponding to the value of the voltage obtained by resistance distribution of the power supply voltage Vdd. It is a connected point.
- the resistors 38, 39 and 40 are connected in series between the high-potential side power supply wiring and the low-potential side power supply wiring (ground wiring).
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the fourth feature of this circuit is that the resistors 41, 4 2 and 43 are provided so that the body terminals bl3 and b23 of the transistors 13 and 23 are given a potential corresponding to the value obtained by dividing the power supply voltage Vdd. It is a connected point.
- the resistors 41, 42, and 43 are connected in series between the high-potential side power supply wiring and the low-potential side power supply wiring (ground wiring). If the resistance component between the body sources of transistors 13 and 23 is sufficiently larger than the resistance value r4 of resistor 41, the resistance value r5 of resistor 42, and the resistance value r6 of resistor 43, Vdd X r6 / (r 4 + r5 + r6)
- the forward voltage is applied.
- the forward voltage applied between the body and source is greater than about 0.7V, which corresponds to the silicon diffusion potential, the resistance component between the body and source becomes smaller (the diode turns on), so that the current between the body and source Flows.
- a forward voltage applied between the body source is below about 0.7 V, rl, r2, r3, r4, it is preferable to set the value of r 5 and r6.
- a resistance voltage divider is used as a means for applying a potential to the body terminal, and the potential applied to the body terminal is arbitrarily set according to the relationship between the resistance values of the resistors, so that the voltage is applied between the body and the source.
- the forward voltage can be set to an arbitrary value.
- FIG. 11 used in Embodiment 3 above shows an example in which the present invention is applied to the cross-coupled differential oscillator shown in FIG. 21, but other oscillators shown in FIGS. Similarly, the same effect can be obtained by applying the present invention. These configurations are briefly described below.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration, where bnl to bn3 are nMOSFET body terminals, bpl to bp3 are pMOSFET body terminals, and R4 to R12 are resistors constituting a resistance voltage dividing circuit.
- resistors R4 and R5, R6 and R7, and R8 and R9 constitute a resistive voltage divider, respectively, and as in Fig.
- nMOSFETs ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 are used as embedded channel nMOSFETs.
- a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source by applying a potential corresponding to the voltage value obtained by distributing the power supply voltage Vdd from each resistor voltage dividing circuit to the body terminals bnl to bn3. More preferably, each resistance value is set so that the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is lower than the diffusion potential of silicon.
- resistors R4 and R5, R6 and R7, and R8 and R9 constitute a resistor voltage divider, respectively, and as in Fig.
- a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and the source by applying a potential corresponding to the value obtained by resistance distribution of the power supply voltage Vdd from the anti-voltage dividing circuit, and more preferably, the semiconductor between the body and source.
- Each resistance value is set so that the forward voltage applied to the junction is lower than the silicon diffusion potential.
- resistors R4 and R5 and R6, R7 and R8 and R9, and R10 and R11 and R12 form a resistor voltage divider, respectively, as in Fig. 11 (c).
- a buried channel nMOSFET is used as MN3, and the body terminals bnl to bn3 are given a potential corresponding to the value of the voltage divided by the power supply voltage Vdd from the respective resistor voltage divider circuit.
- a structure in which a forward voltage is applied to the junction buried channel type pMOSFETs are used as pMOSFET'MPl to MP3, and each resistor voltage divider circuit power supply voltage Vdd is resistively distributed to its body terminals bpl to bp3
- a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body sources, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between each body and source is Below the diffusion potential of silicon Cormorant To set the Kaku ⁇ anti-value.
- the number of transistor stages is not limited to three but may be an odd number of three or more.
- FIGS. 17 (a) and 17 (b) c) the present invention was applied to the conventional differential three-stage ring oscillator shown in FIGS. 23 (a) and (b) c).
- bnl to bn6 are nMOSFET body terminals
- bpl to bp6 are pMOSFET body terminals.
- embedded channel type nMOSFETs are used as nMOSFET'MN1 to MN6, and the body voltage is given to each of the body terminals bnl to bn6 by applying a potential corresponding to the value of the voltage obtained by resistance distribution of the power supply voltage Vdd.
- Each of the resistance values is set so that the forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the sources, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is equal to or lower than the diffusion potential of silicon. In the case of Fig.
- resistors R7 and R8, R9 and R10, R1 ⁇ R12, Rl 3 and R14, R15 and R16, and Rl 7 and Rl 8 constitute a resistor voltage divider, respectively
- Fig. 11 (b) As with pMOSFET'MPl to MP6, buried channel type pMOSFETs are used, and the power supply voltage Vdd is distributed to the body terminals bpl to bp6 from the respective resistor voltage dividers.
- the forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is the silicon diffusion potential.
- Each resistance value is set to be as follows. In the case of Fig.
- resistors R1 and R2 and R3, R4 and R5 and R6, R7 and R8 and R9, RIO and R11 and R12, R13 and R14 and R15, and R16 and R17 and R18 are divided by resistors.
- embedded channel type nMOSFETs are used as nMO SFET'MN1 to MN6, and the power supply voltage Vdd is distributed to the body terminals b nl to bn6 from the respective resistor voltage dividers.
- Is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source and a buried channel pMO SFET is used as pMOSFET'MP1 to MP6, and its body terminals bpl to bp6
- a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably Order applied to the semiconductor junction between each body and source Set each resistance value so that the direction voltage is below the diffusion potential of silicon.
- the number of transistor stages is not limited to three if the total number of inversions in the loop is odd.
- the number of stages of the ring oscillator is not limited to three. What is necessary is just more than a step.
- FIGS. 20 (a) and (b) are circuit diagrams showing a circuit configuration when the present invention is applied to the conventional Colpitts oscillator shown in FIGS. 24 (a) and (b), respectively.
- 20 (c) and (d) are circuit diagrams showing a circuit configuration when the present invention is applied to the conventional Hartley oscillator shown in FIGS. 24 (c) and (d), respectively, and bnl is a body terminal of the nMOSFET.
- Bpl is the body terminal of the pMOSFET, and R1 and R2 are the resistors that make up the resistive voltage divider.
- Fig. 20 (a) and Fig. 20 (c) as in Fig.
- nMOSFET'MNl a buried channel type nMOSFET is used as nMOSFET'MNl, and the power supply voltage Vdd is applied to its body terminal bnl from each resistor voltage divider circuit.
- Vdd the power supply voltage
- a forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is reduced.
- Each resistance value is set to be equal to or lower than the diffusion potential of silicon.
- a buried channel type pMOSFET is used as pMOSFET'MPl, and the power supply voltage Vdd is applied to its body terminal bpl from each resistor voltage divider circuit.
- Resistor distributed voltage The forward voltage is applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source, and more preferably, the forward voltage applied to the semiconductor junction between the body and source is the silicon diffusion potential.
- Each resistance value is set to be as follows.
- the simplest configuration example is shown as a means for distributing the power supply voltage Vdd by resistance and applying a potential to the body terminal.
- the applied potential can also be controlled. For example, by providing a MOS switch between the high-potential-side power supply wiring and the resistor and between the resistor and the ground wiring, it is possible to apply a potential to the body terminal and body region only when necessary.
- the embedded channel nMOSFET used in Embodiment 3 has a triple-well structure! /.
- a triple-well structure even if a forward voltage is applied to the body terminal of a buried channel nMOSFET, it can be placed on the same substrate to eliminate the effect of voltage application to other nMOSFETs.
- the resistance applied to the body terminal varies due to variations in the resistance value of the resistance that constitutes the potential applying means of the body terminal, the resistance value of the resistance The second embodiment is superior in that it does not vary (no resistance is used)!
- Figure 29 (a) is a circuit diagram of the LC oscillator used in the simulation.
- Amplifying transistors Ml and M2 both have a gate length of 0.5 m and a gate width of 100 ⁇ m.
- the power supply voltage Vdd was 3V
- the current value of the ideal current source Is was set to 6mA.
- the resonance circuit uses two sets of resistor R, coil L, and capacitor C.
- the resistance value of resistor R is 1 82 ⁇
- the inductance of coil L is 4 nH
- the capacitance value of capacitor C is 3 pF
- the oscillation frequency is 1 It is set to 2GHz.
- This simulation shows the conventional surface of transistors Ml and M2. This was done using the channel-type Si-pMOSFET and the case of using the buried channel-type SiGe-pM OSFET in Fig. 1 (b). Here, in the case of using the buried channel type SiGe-pMOSFET, the simulation was performed when the body-source voltage Vb was set to 0V and to -0.6V.
- FIG. 29 (b) The result of this simulation is shown in FIG. 29 (b).
- D1 shows the phase noise PN of the conventional surface channel Si-pMOSFET with the body-source voltage Vb set to 0V
- D2 sets the body-source voltage Vb to 0V
- the phase noise PN of SiGe-pMOSFET is shown
- D3 is the phase noise PN of SiGe-pMOSFET with body-source voltage Vb set to -0.6V.
- the phase noise PN is defined by the desired signal frequency (in this case, the oscillation frequency of 1.2 GHz) and the frequency separated by the offset frequency ⁇ f, so the horizontal axis in Fig. 29 (b) is the offset frequency ⁇ ⁇ . Yes.
- phase phase noise using SiGe-pMOSFET can be reduced compared to the conventional surface channel Si-pMOSFET, and the forward voltage between the body and source of the SiGe-pMOSFET is further reduced. It can be seen that phase noise can be further reduced by applying. It can also be seen that the 1 / f 2 component is almost independent of the type of transistor.
- Figure 30 (a) is a circuit diagram of the LC oscillator used in the simulation.
- a current mirror circuit is configured by using the transistors Mcl and Mc2 and the ideal current source Is, and one transistor Mc2 constituting the current mirror circuit is a current source.
- the resonance circuit uses two sets of resistor R, coil L, and capacitance C.
- the conventional surface channel type S-to-pMOS FET is used for each of the transistors M1 and M2 for amplification of the oscillator and the transistor Mc2 as the current source, and the buried channel type transistor shown in FIG. 1 (b).
- a simulation was carried out using SiGe-pMOSFE T.
- FIG. 31 shows a table summarizing the design parameters set in the various cases of this simulation and the oscillation characteristics obtained from the simulation results.
- Si is written in the types of transistors Ml and M2 for amplification and the type of current source transistor Mc2 using conventional surface channel Si-pMOSFETs! /, It is written as SiGe !, indicating that a buried channel SiGe-pMOSFET is used.
- both the amplification transistors Ml and M2 have a gate length of 0.5 ⁇ m and a gate width of 100 ⁇ m, and the current source transistor Mc2 has a gate length of l ⁇ m, gate width 200 ⁇ m.
- the power supply voltage Vdd was 3V, and the current value Idc of the current source transistor Mc2 was set to 6 mA.
- the inductance Lp of the coil L used in the resonant circuit is 4nH
- the resistance value Rp of the resistor R is 182 ⁇
- the capacitance value Cp of the capacitor C is as shown in FIG.
- the oscillation frequency fl, the peak oscillation output voltage Vpp, and the offset frequency ⁇ ⁇ which is the difference from the oscillation frequency, are phase noise PN at 100 Hz, lkHz, and 10 kHz, respectively.
- the offset frequency f2 (see Fig. 31 (b)) at the boundary between the 1 / f 3 and 1 / f 2 components of the phase noise PN.
- Fig. 31 (b) shows the phase noise characteristics in the SI-VC01, SG-VC03, and SG-VC06 cases.
- the body-source voltage Vb of the amplification transistors Ml and M2 is set to -0.6V, so that the body Even when a forward voltage is applied between the two sources, it is embedded in the amplifying transistors Ml and M2 so that the power can be divided by comparing the cases of 30- ⁇ 02 and 30- ⁇ 04.
- the phase noise is higher when a buried-channel SiGe-pMOSFET is used for the current source transistor Mc2 than when a conventional surface-channel Si-pMOSFET is used. PN is reduced.
- the amplifying transistors Ml and M2 and the current source transistor Mc2 are formed by using buried channel type SiGe-p MOSFETs.
- the body-source voltage Vb of the transistors Ml and M2 set to -0.6V
- the body-source voltage Vb is also set to -0.6 for the current source transistor Mc2.
- Phase noise PN is reduced when a forward voltage is applied between the body source at V.
- the oscillator according to the present invention is configured using a field effect transistor, it has low noise characteristics comparable to that of a bipolar transistor, and is inexpensive and suitable for integration. It is useful for analog high-frequency circuits that require low noise characteristics.
Landscapes
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2006529091A JPWO2006011364A1 (ja) | 2004-07-28 | 2005-07-13 | 発振器 |
US11/658,615 US20090002084A1 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2005-07-13 | Oscillator |
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PCT/JP2005/012933 WO2006011364A1 (ja) | 2004-07-28 | 2005-07-13 | 発振器 |
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US (1) | US20090002084A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006011364A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1989610A (ja) |
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Cited By (3)
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EP2079162A1 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2009-07-15 | Infineon Technologies AG | Apparatus and method having reduced flicker noise |
KR20140092256A (ko) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-23 | 트리퀸트 세미컨덕터 인코퍼레이티드 | 저항 분배기를 구비하는 스위칭 디바이스 |
JP2018207281A (ja) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | 三重富士通セミコンダクター株式会社 | 発振回路及び電圧制御装置 |
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NZ702992A (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2016-06-24 | Transmedics Inc | Systems and methods for ex-vivo organ care |
ITRM20060665A1 (it) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-12 | Univ Roma | Dispositivo a due oscillatori differenziali accoppiati ed in quadratura di fase con alimentazione impulsata. |
US9457179B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2016-10-04 | Transmedics, Inc. | Systems for monitoring and applying electrical currents in an organ perfusion system |
TW200849813A (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-16 | Richwave Technology Corp | Noise filter |
JP2009088440A (ja) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-23 | Oki Semiconductor Co Ltd | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
US7663445B2 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2010-02-16 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Voltage-control oscillator circuits with combined MOS and bipolar device |
US9462802B2 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2016-10-11 | Transmedics, Inc. | Systems and methods for ex vivo lung care |
CN101350611B (zh) * | 2008-07-29 | 2010-06-09 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 振荡器电路 |
US8044740B2 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2011-10-25 | S3C, Inc. | Temperature compensated RC oscillator for signal conditioning ASIC using source bulk voltage of MOSFET |
JP2012004785A (ja) * | 2010-06-16 | 2012-01-05 | Toshiba Corp | 発振回路及び電子機器 |
US8912854B2 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-12-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Structure for an inductor-capacitor voltage-controlled oscillator |
US9344035B2 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-05-17 | Infineon Technologies Ag | System and method for a voltage controlled oscillator |
EP3824731B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2025-02-19 | Transmedics, Inc. | Aortic cannula for ex vivo organ care system |
EP3462861B9 (en) | 2016-05-30 | 2023-12-20 | Transmedics, Inc. | Method for ex vivo lung ventilation with a varying exterior pressure |
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US20090002084A1 (en) | 2009-01-01 |
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