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WO2005125059A1 - Dispositif et procede pour transmettre des signaux lumineux dans des guides d'ondes optiques - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede pour transmettre des signaux lumineux dans des guides d'ondes optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005125059A1
WO2005125059A1 PCT/DE2004/002734 DE2004002734W WO2005125059A1 WO 2005125059 A1 WO2005125059 A1 WO 2005125059A1 DE 2004002734 W DE2004002734 W DE 2004002734W WO 2005125059 A1 WO2005125059 A1 WO 2005125059A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
component
flux density
receiver
optical
optical waveguide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2004/002734
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reiner Thiele
Wolf-Stefan Benedix
Ralf Nette
Original Assignee
Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz (FH)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz (FH) filed Critical Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz (FH)
Priority to DE112004002889T priority Critical patent/DE112004002889B4/de
Priority to EP04802937A priority patent/EP1759473A1/fr
Publication of WO2005125059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005125059A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133—Functions
    • G02B2006/12145—Switch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/14—Mode converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for transmitting light signals in optical waveguides, comprising a laser diode as a transmitter of transverse waves and an associated receiver which is connected to the laser diode at least via an optical waveguide, the transverse waves having an electrical and magnetic field strength and have a magnetic flux density, a line current density and an electrical displacement flux density D and are guided in the form of plane waves from the laser diode to the receiver.
  • the field of application of the invention is the transmission of optical messages with high bit rates on predetermined transmission paths.
  • Optical fiber is currently becoming very important for data transmission. Electrical cables have some unfavorable properties for data transmission, which is why electrical signals have limits in terms of bandwidth and amplitude. In addition, electrical cables are sensitive to interfering radiation. In order to cover large distances, you need an amplifier every 1 to 5 km.
  • optical fibers better meet the need for an ideal transmission medium that has acceptable attenuation values at very high frequencies.
  • the dispersion is a limiting factor when transmitting optical signals.
  • Polarization-dependent effects occur on conventional transmission links with optical waveguides, in particular the polarization mode dispersion, which leads to widening of the reception-side signal pulse in the case of long transmission links and thus inadmissibly increases the bit error rate in the reception range.
  • polarization mode dispersion With polarization mode dispersion (PMD), the dispersion of light is caused by the different ⁇ propagation speed of the light in different x, y, z polarization planes.
  • a single light pulse in the optical waveguide has optical components in all polarization levels. The light pulse moves within the optical fiber away, the different polarized components arrive at the receiver with a time offset. The light pulse becomes wider and can no longer be precisely detected by the receiver.
  • the birefringence of the optical fibers enables linear, elliptical and circular polarization modes.
  • the statistically fluctuating polarization in anisotropic optical waveguides leads, with parallel excitation of the optical waveguide, to polarization-dependent damping and to the polarization mode dispersion of the propagating polarization modes. This results in bit errors in the receiver during pulse transmission, which can only be eliminated with great technical effort in conventional transmission methods.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a device and a method for transmitting light signals in
  • Specify optical fibers which are suitably designed are that polarization-dependent effects such as fluctuating polarization, polarization-dependent attenuation and polarization mode dispersion can be largely avoided.
  • Waves are led from the laser diode to the receiver, a short isotropic first optical waveguide with a dielectric constant ⁇ lr an absolute permeability ⁇ 0 and a conductivity ⁇ * - »0 (towards zero) is subsequently connected to the laser diode on the transmission side , wherein the first optical waveguide is coupled obliquely at an adjustable angle ⁇ to a subsequent optical waveguide by means of a coupling point, and an analyzer on the receiving side for separating the transmitted component of the electrical displacement flux density D z from the total field D ⁇ , D y which is directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the receiver , D z of the transverse wave is present, the direction of the parallel component of the electrical displacement flux density D corresponding to a specific coordinate of a defined x, y, z coordinate system.
  • the device according to the invention ultimately has only a single selected component of the electrical displacement flux density D of the predetermined x, y, z coordinate system, in particular the z component
  • the selected component of the electrical displacement flux density is the component which is defined in the longitudinal axis of the receiver. If, for example, the z component of the electrical displacement flux density D z is provided as that which conforms to the longitudinal axis of the receiver and the direction of propagation of the transverse wave, then the z component D z will remain unchanged and the other two, y components D x / D y are eliminated in the device according to the invention.
  • the transmitter being a laser diode which emits light signals and has at least two of the x, y, z components of polarization modes
  • the device according to the invention are according to the Characteristic part of claim 20 provided the following steps:
  • the method for transmitting light signals in optical waveguides also includes the following steps, which relate in particular to the predetermined z component of the electrical displacement flux density D z :
  • the chromatic dispersion can be compensated.
  • the invention opens up the possibility that existing or already installed anisotropic optical waveguides can continue to be used up to high bit rates by wiring on the transmitting and receiving side with the modules according to the invention, and indeed with a low bit error probability.
  • the invention enables the device to be implemented using the components and technologies currently available.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the input part of the
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the input part of the
  • FIG. 6 shows a receiver in the form of a ring photo diode
  • FIG. 7 shows schematic representations of a reflection-free z-component analyzer in FIG. 7a, a predetermined x, y, z coordinate system in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of a connection of an anisotropic medium between two isotropic media in areas of boundary layers
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a unitary transformation with optical couplers and an associated signal flow diagram
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of a y-polarizer for separating the field strength on the input side in FIG. 10a, FIG. 10b representing a predetermined x, y, z coordinate system with a component division,
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic illustration of a polarization beam splitter for separating the field strength on the output side in FIG. 11a, FIG. 11b representing a predetermined x, y, z coordinate system with a component division,
  • Fig. 12 shows the input side with the assembly of the field strength components
  • Fig. 13 shows the output side with the assembly of the field strength components.
  • a device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in longitudinal section, which contains a single-mode laser diode 2 as a transmitter of transverse waves and a receiver 3, with a first optical waveguide 4 plan and a to the laser diode 2 Connect the second optical waveguide 6, the laser diode 2 and the first optical waveguide 4 forming a gap 5, which is opened in the conductor cross section and filled with an optical material, as a coupling point, angled at an angle and meeting the second optical waveguide 6 below, the gap 5 planning from one Exit surface 51 of the first optical waveguide 4 and from a flat entry surface 52 of the second optical waveguide 6 form an angle ⁇ , the section line 53 of which is in the cladding region of the two optical fibers 4 and 6.
  • the optical fibers 4.6 consist essentially of a light waveguide core 41 or 61 and an optical waveguide jacket 42, 62, the optical waveguide core 41 having the dielectric constant ⁇ i and i the light waveguide core 61 having the dielectric constant ⁇ .
  • the combination of the laser diode 2 and the first light waveguide 4, including the opened coupling point 5 to form the second optical waveguide 6, has only a short length.
  • the receiver 3 is connected flat to the second optical waveguide 6, the receiver 3 having a core 31 with a dielectric constant 8 ⁇ , which is equal to the dielectric constant ⁇ x of the first optical waveguide 4.
  • the receiver jacket 32 consists of a receiver material that receives the light signal and, at the end, has a flat, electrically conductive layer 9, which also closes the receiver core 31.
  • At least one optical amplifier and at least one fiber Bragg grating are located in a transmission link part 63 between the input part 20 and the output part 22.
  • Fig.lb shows the predetermined x, y, z coordinate system 8, which is defined for the description of the device 1 such that the z coordinate in the x, y, z coordinate system 8 is aligned with the longitudinal axis 19 of the receiver 3.
  • the x coordinate or the y coordinate can also be rectified instead of the z coordinate of the longitudinal axis 19.
  • FIG. 2 shows an input part 20 of the device 1 similar to FIG. 1 a, the open gap 5 consisting of the flat exit surface 51 and the flat entry surface 52 being firmly closed by a welded connection 21 to the coupling point, with a continuous core transition and a continuous jacket transition with a central outer edge line 56 between the first optical waveguide 4 and a second optical waveguide 6 'is brought about by means of a welding process.
  • both optical waveguides 4, 6 ' have the same dielectric constant 8 ⁇ and an absolute permeability ⁇ o and a conductivity ⁇ "-» 0 (towards zero).
  • the welded joint 21 also has the same value of the dielectric constant ⁇ i.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further input part 20 of the device 1, similar to FIG. 1, the open gap 5 consisting of the flat exit surface 51 and the angled flat entry surface 52 being closed by introducing immersion oil 17 into a flexible coupling point, wherein the coupling point 5 has a movable point in the jacket area 54, and the angle ⁇ between the exit puddle 51 and the ⁇ entrance pool 52 is changeable.
  • the laser diode 2 and the isotropic optical waveguide 4 in the input part 20, on the one hand, and the input of the second isotropic optical waveguide 6 'and the receiver 3 in the output part 22, on the other hand, can each be attached to associated mounting elements (not shown), between which by means of an adjustment device
  • the angle ⁇ is adjustable.
  • the output part 22 contains the z-component analyzer 7, which is connected to the third optical waveguide 6 'so homogeneously that the core 41 with the dielectric constant ⁇ i continues as an extension 33 and the receiver jacket 32 represents a light-wave-absorbing material , an ideal electrically conductive layer 9 being attached to the end of the conductor, which, as an end cover, closes both the extension 33 and the receiver jacket 32 with an interface 16.
  • the extension 33 of the core 41 with the dielectric constant ⁇ i of the third light waveguide 6 ' serves as a core with the dielectric constant ⁇ i as a surrounding and holding support for the receiver jacket 32 of the receiver 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an alternative z-component analyzer 7, which consists of the receiver 3 with the receiver jacket 32 surrounding the extension 33, the third optical waveguide 6 'with the dielectric constant ⁇ i as the connecting optical waveguide y-polarizer 18 and an x-polarizer 13.
  • the receiver 3 After the extension 33 on the end, the receiver 3 has the preferably thin x-polarizer 13.
  • the connecting optical waveguides 6 ', 6'' also have the following properties: The same dielectric constant ⁇ i as well as an absolute permeability ⁇ o and a conductivity ⁇ - »0 (towards zero).
  • the receiver 3 is designed in the form of a ring photodiode, which surrounds the extension 33 as a continued core of the optical waveguide 6 with the dielectric constant ⁇ i instead of the actually associated optical waveguide jacket 42.
  • the layer 9 is attached, which is ideally electrically conductive.
  • the single-mode laser diode 2 In the device 1 for the transmission of light signals in the optical waveguides 4, 6 'for high bit rates, the single-mode laser diode 2 according to FIG. 1 is used, which delivers a transverse light wave.
  • the transverse light wave is guided to the welded oblique coupling point 5 with the first isotropic single-mode optical fiber 4, which is preferably designed for weak guidance of the optical wave, and at an angle ⁇ in the subsequent anisotropic second single-mode optical fiber 6 in accordance with FIG. 2 or coupled into the subsequent isotropic third single-mode optical waveguide 6 'according to FIG. 3.
  • this In addition to the x component and the y component of the electrical displacement flux density D x , D y , this also produces their z component D a , which are oriented on the x, y, z coordinate system 8 in FIG. 1b.
  • the x, y, z components of the electrical displacement flux density D x , D y , D z are transmitted according to FIG. 1 in the direction of the receiver 3.
  • the light signal is thus defined in the device 1 according to the invention as an electromagnetic transverse wave with an electrical and magnetic field strength as well as the magnetic flux density, line current density and electrical displacement flux density D.
  • the transverse wave is designed in the form of a flat wave for the components which are irradiated after the laser diode 2 as shown in FIG. There is a short isotropic optical fiber on the laser diode 2
  • the end of the first optical waveguide 4 as the exit surface 51 is welded obliquely at an angle to the subsequent isotropic or anisotropic optical waveguide 6, 6 'for transmitting the optical wave to the receiver 3, or the flap-gap coupling point 5 formed is filled with immersion oil 17 and connected movably on the casing side.
  • the z component of the electrical displacement flux density D z from the y 'component of the electrical displacement flux density of the transverse wave of the laser diode 2 according to the coordinate system 8 shown in FIG. 1b is provided that the transverse wave of the laser diode 2 is not polarized in the x direction , generated, transmitted and received.
  • the received x and y components are separated by the x and y components of the electric field strength E X , E Y be short-circuited.
  • the z-component analyzer 7 according to FIG. 5 is made up of the connecting optical waveguide 6 ', the thin y-polarizer 18 Connection optical waveguide 6 'and the thin x-polarizer 13 constructed, wherein the x-polarizer 13 only passes through the x component D x and blocks the y component of the electrical displacement flux density Dy.
  • a Li ⁇ ht waveguide 6 ' is connected, on which, as shown in FIG.
  • the ring photodiode 3 sits for reception in the angular range from 0 ° to 360 ° of the angle which the position vector with the X-axis forms on the circular optical waveguide cross-sectional area of the connecting optical waveguide 6 '.
  • the effects of polarization-dependent effects, such as occur in the optical transmission links with parallel excitation, are thus suppressed here.
  • FIG. 7 in particular in FIG. 7a, a further schematic representation shows a reflection-free z-component analyzer 70, which has a y-polarizer 18, a connecting optical waveguide 71, a ring photodiode 3 and at the end contains an optical isolator 9 'or the ideal electrically conductive layer 9, an optical waveguide 72 having an inner refractive index ni and a core diameter 2r L being located in front of the y-polarizer 18.
  • the y polarizer 18 has the refractive indices n x , n y , n z in the associated x, y, z coordinates.
  • the connecting optical waveguide 71 has a refractive index n 3 and also a core diameter 2r L.
  • the receiver 3 contains a core with a refractive index n 4 and a core diameter 2r L.
  • the transmission signal ⁇ 0 is carried in the optical waveguide 72 and the reception signal ⁇ z is received by the ring photodiode 3.
  • FIG. 7b there is a predetermined x, y, z coordinate system
  • FIG. 7c there is a direction of propagation
  • the z-component analyzer 70 has the task of eliminating the z-component of the electrical displacement flux density D 2 from the total field D x , D y , D z and the x and y components of the electric field strength E x , E y to suppress at the output of the isotropic or anisotropic fifth optical waveguide 72 in such a way that the transmission is realized only with the z component of the electrical displacement flux density D z and thus polarization-dependent effects which lead to bit errors in the receiver 3 are avoided.
  • FIG. 1 A circuit diagram of an anisotropic medium 81 between two isotropic media 80, 82 is shown in FIG.
  • a first isotropic medium 80, an anisotropic medium 81 and a second isotropic medium 82 are combined.
  • the boundary layers 83 and 84 are present between the media 80, 81 and 81, 82.
  • the x, y components D x , D y are suppressed.
  • the properties of isotropic or anisotropic dielectric boundary layers 83, 84, as shown in FIG. 8, are exploited in such a way that the direction of the wave vector of the x component of the electric field strength is influenced in such a way that it is orthogonal to the z- Direction is.
  • the direction of the wave vector of the y 'component, which is composed of the y and z components, is also influenced such that the y component disappears and only the z component of the electrical displacement flux density D z remains.
  • the essential and additional advantages of the z-component analyzer 70 are that finite refractive indices or main refractive indices can be set using the dimensioning conditions shown below and - degrees of freedom are present in the dimensioning conditions, which can be used, for example, to determine the refractive index n 4 of the core medium of the extension 33 lying within the ring photodiode 3 so that no reflections occur on the input side of the ring photodiode 3 and - the arrangement of the z-component analyzer 70 by setting the exact angle ⁇ of the inclined folding gap the coupling point 5 in front of the input side of the z-component analyzer 70 can be compared.
  • a positional arrangement of a second z-component analyzer 70 for evaluating the z-component of the electrical displacement flux density D z essentially has the following mode of operation:
  • the transmission signal 75 is, as shown in FIG. 7, as a light signal in the form of an electromagnetic transverse wave with a ner electrical and magnetic field strength as well as the magnetic flux density and the electrical displacement flux density.
  • the transmission signal 75, the reception signal 76 and the transmitted signal are specified as a plane wave in the x, y, z coordinate system 8.
  • the transmission signal 75 with the operating wavelength ⁇ 0 is applied via an isotropic or anisotropic fifth optical waveguide 72 to the input of the second z-component analyzer 70, as shown in FIG. 7 a, and spreads there in the fifth optical waveguide 72 with the sheath 73 and the core 74, as shown in Fig.7c, with the properties - refractive index zi ⁇ and core radius r L - at the angle ⁇ to the z coordinate with the
  • the y polarizer 18 consists of an anisotropic medium with the main refractive indices n x , n y , n z for the x, y, z coordinate directions.
  • the associated dielectric tensor ⁇ 2 has a diagonal shape.
  • the ring photodiode 3 with the inner isotropic medium of refractive index n 4 and the inner radius r z for receiving the z component of the electrical displacement flux density D z or electrical field strength ⁇ z with the dimensioning condition is on the output-side connection optical waveguide 71 of the y-polarizer 18
  • the optical isolator 9 ' is connected in the positive z direction to avoid incident external light on the ring photodiode 3 or the ideal electrically conductive layer 9 without reflection.
  • an optical network for example in the form of a y-polarizer 18, with an anisotropic dielectric medium 82 which is provided by symmetrical or Hermitisches dielectric tensor ⁇ 2 according to
  • the tensor ⁇ 2 describes the relationship between the electrical displacement flux density D 2 and the electrical field strength E 2 for a presupposed homogeneous medium according to the equation
  • the anisotropic medium 81 is connected to the two upstream and downstream isotropic media 80, 82 with the dielectric constants S ⁇ and £ 3 , as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the resulting boundary layers 83, 84 are due to the transfer matrices T ai (anisotropic-isotropic) and T ia (isotropic-anisotropic) and the transfer from the entrance to the exit of the anisotropic medium 81 through the expanded Jones matrix J according to the equations ! out ⁇ $ &! defined in Eout ⁇ && 1 out.
  • FIG. 9 shows an associated representation of a unitary transformation with optical couplers.
  • a circuit arrangement for realizing the matrix A preferably consists of polarization-maintaining optical couplers, the signal flow diagram of which is shown in FIG. 9, which realizes the transformation to a constant factor.
  • the circuit arrangement for realizing the matrix A 'results from the circuit arrangement of the matrix A by transposition and transition to the other sign in the imaginary parts d * ⁇ j, whereby for the transformation matrix A:
  • 10a shows a y-polarizer 18 for separating the field strength ⁇ x -, Ey 'on the input side, including an x, y, z coordinate system with component division in FIG. 10b.
  • the y-polarizer 18 for separating the field strength ⁇ x -, Ey 'on the input side, including an x, y, z coordinate system with component division in FIG. 10b.
  • the y-polarizer 18 for separating the field strength ⁇ x -, Ey 'on the input side, including an x, y, z coordinate system with component division in FIG. 10b.
  • Polarizer 18 is provided which detects the £ component of the input
  • FIG. 11a shows a polarization beam controller 85 for separating the field strength ⁇ x ", ⁇ y - on the output side, including an x, y, z coordinate system with component division in FIG. 11b.
  • the separation of the field strength components as input variables for the circuit arrangements to implement the transformation on the input and output sides of the polarization beam splitter 85, as shown in FIG. 11 a and together with the coordinate system in FIG Interconnections of coupler branches or the polarization beam splitter 85 are carried out.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the joining of the field strength co-components E x ir ⁇ ⁇ yi ⁇ ⁇ zin on the input side and in Fig. 13 is a chemical representation of the joining together of the field strength components E d X o ⁇ t r E d you, E d 2 ou shown on the exit page.
  • Transformation matrices A and A ' are represented by interconnecting rotators and corresponding coupler branches, as is shown schematically by means of the matrix in FIG. 12 for the input side and FIG. 13 for the output side.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour transmettre des signaux lumineux dans des guides d'ondes optiques, contenant une diode laser comme émetteur d'ondes transversales et un récepteur en liaison avec la diode laser au moins par l'intermédiaire d'un guide d'ondes optiques, les ondes transversales présentant une intensité de champ électrique et magnétique ainsi qu'une densité de flux magnétique, une densité de courant de conduction et une densité de flux de déplacement électrique D et lesdites ondes étant guidées de la diode laser vers le récepteur sous la forme d'ondes planes. L'objectif de cette invention est d'éviter dans une large mesure des effets dépendant de la polarisation, tels que la polarisation variable, l'atténuation dépendant de la polarisation et la dispersion modale de la polarisation. A cet effet, côté émission, un premier guide d'ondes optiques isotrope court (4), présentant une constante diélectrique e1, une perméabilité absolue µ0 et une conductivité k 0 (par rapport à zéro), est relié de manière plano-parallèle en aval de la diode laser (2) ; ce premier guide d'ondes optiques (4) est couplé en biais à un guide d'ondes optiques suivant (6, 6') par l'intermédiaire d'un point d'injection (5) en formant un angle réglable F avec ledit guide d'ondes ; côté réception, un analyseur (7) est prévu pour séparer du champ total DX, DY, DZ de l'onde transversale la composante de la densité de flux de déplacement électrique DZ, transmise parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal (19) du récepteur (3), et la direction de la composante parallèle de la densité de flux de déplacement électrique D correspond à une coordonnée définie d'un système de coordonnées x, y, z prédéterminé (8).
PCT/DE2004/002734 2004-06-15 2004-12-09 Dispositif et procede pour transmettre des signaux lumineux dans des guides d'ondes optiques WO2005125059A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112004002889T DE112004002889B4 (de) 2004-06-15 2004-12-09 Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Übertragung von Lichtsignalen in Lichtwellenleitern
EP04802937A EP1759473A1 (fr) 2004-06-15 2004-12-09 Dispositif et procede pour transmettre des signaux lumineux dans des guides d'ondes optiques

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DE102004028653.1 2004-06-15
DE102004030374 2004-06-15
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DE102004030374.6 2004-06-15

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DE102006002300A1 (de) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-19 Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz (FH) Verfahren und Transformations-Schaltungsanordnung zur Rotations-Zerlegung einer unitären Transformationsmatrix für die Überführung optischer Netzwerke in Diagonalform
US9505991B2 (en) 2011-11-21 2016-11-29 Carbonscape Limited Apparatus and method for processing biomass

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