WO2005080914A1 - 形状測定装置及びその方法 - Google Patents
形状測定装置及びその方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005080914A1 WO2005080914A1 PCT/JP2004/013419 JP2004013419W WO2005080914A1 WO 2005080914 A1 WO2005080914 A1 WO 2005080914A1 JP 2004013419 W JP2004013419 W JP 2004013419W WO 2005080914 A1 WO2005080914 A1 WO 2005080914A1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002939 conjugate gradient method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and a method for measuring the shape of an object, specifically, for example, measuring the ground force of the object and measuring the object from above using a flying range sensor. It relates to a system that specifies the three-dimensional shape of an object by matching the measurement results of the two.
- a laser range sensor In a normal measurement of a three-dimensional shape, a laser range sensor is installed on the ground, and scanning is performed from a plurality of directions so that a target object can be completely measured.
- the measurement range of the laser range sensor is limited to the surface area that can be observed by the sensor, and exceeds the range that can be measured by the sensor.
- the unmeasured area 15 indicated by the diagonal lines in FIG. 1 corresponds to such a place, and the measurement of the ground force alone is not sufficient.
- a scaffold is set higher than a part that is shielded and cannot be observed, and a laser range sensor is installed on the scaffold for measurement.
- This makes it possible to measure the unmeasured area 15 in FIG. 1, but it is premised that the method can construct a scaffold safely without any problem in the state of the ground on which the scaffold is assembled.
- the shape of the observation target becomes complicated, it is necessary to measure various viewpoints, and it is enormous labor and cost to replace the scaffold and install a range sensor each time.
- Tokusen Document 1 K. Nishino and K. Ikeuchi: Rooust simultaneous registration of multiple range images.Proceedings of the 5th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Vol.2, pp.455-461, (2002) Special Reference No. 2: T. Masuda: 3d shape restoration and comparison through simultaneous registration.Master's thesis, graduate School of Information Science and
- Non-Characteristic Reference 3 Mark D. Wheeler: Automatic Modeling and Localization for Object Recognition. PhD thesis, school of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, (1996)
- Non-special reference PM 4 E. Polak: Computational Methods in Optimization.New York:
- Non-Special Words Reference 5 David A.H. Jacobs: The States of the Art in Numerical Analysis.
- Ground force Measurement of high-altitude forces is indispensable for measuring the shape of a large-scale building where all parts cannot be observed. As mentioned above, it takes a lot of time and effort to perform measurement work on a scaffold. In addition, when a scaffold cannot be assembled, it is necessary to perform a work such as a person climbing an unmeasured area to separately measure, but this method requires manpower and time. Further, depending on the object, climbing itself is inappropriate. Also, manual measurement cannot be performed with the same accuracy as a range laser sensor.
- the present invention does not require a scaffold, enables measurement from a high place while freely changing the viewpoint position, and enables simple and high-speed shape measurement of a large-scale building. It proposes a system and method that can be performed.
- the system and method according to the present invention in addition to measurement from a fixed point provided on the ground, measurement of an object is performed from an observation point provided in the sky, and from these measurement results, the entire object is measured. Calculate the coordinates.
- the observation points in the sky need not be fixed points.
- a laser range sensor attached to a balloon may be used.
- the position of the sensor fluctuates due to the effect of wind and the image is distorted! Therefore, in the present invention, when the distance image including the distortion obtained by the aerial measurement device is aligned with the distortion-free distance image obtained from the fixed point on the ground, the distortion of the shape represented by the parameter is corrected. At the same time, a method of correcting this is used.
- the coordinates and moving speed of the observation points in the sky do not need to be known in advance because the measurement result force can be calculated.
- a system for specifying a three-dimensional shape of an object based on the present invention comprises a first group of measurement points on the object from a fixed first observation point.
- Second measuring means for measuring a second distance and a direction from a movable second observation point to a second group of measurement points on the object
- At least one of the measurement points of the second group is the same measurement point as at least one of the measurement points of the first group, and the measurement point of the second group is the measurement point of the first group. Include at least one measurement point that is not included,
- the image processing apparatus includes a calculating means for calculating three-dimensional coordinates of the measurement points of the first and second groups, and a display means for displaying a target image based on the three-dimensional coordinates.
- the fixed first observation point and the movable second observation point Since the same measurement point is measured from the measurement point, first, the moving speed of the movable second observation point can be calculated based on the measurement result. Next, by using the calculated moving speed to correct the measurement result at the second observation point, it becomes possible to grasp the entire image of the object.
- the second measuring means includes a laser radar unit for measuring a distance of each point, a four-sided polygon mirror for performing horizontal scanning, and a vertical scanning. And a flat swing mirror for performing the above.
- One of the requirements for the flying laser range sensor in the second measuring means of the present invention is that measurement can be performed at high speed so that the influence of balloon movement is reduced.
- the measurement time of a normal range laser sensor is as fast as about 2 minutes, and taking into account the movement of the balloon, it is not practical to hang it on a balloon. Therefore, high-speed measurement is possible by utilizing the high-speed scanning of the polygon mirror and slightly lowering the measurement density in the perpendicular direction.
- the reduced measurement density can be compensated for by performing the same viewpoint force multiple times.
- the second measuring means includes a radar unit control section, a control section for two mirrors, and an interface section for transmitting a measurement result to a measurement computer. And a controller unit that performs the operation.
- the second measuring means includes: a scanner for acquiring a three-dimensional image for controlling the scanner unit; a control unit for controlling the four-sided polygon mirror and the plane swing mirror; By providing a controller unit having a built-in interface with a computer for processing the laser, the laser range sensor can be oriented to a measurement range specified by a control command.
- the second measuring means has a recording medium, can store the measurement result in the recording medium, and can control the scanner unit and the control unit. It has a controllable computer.
- the scanner unit and the controller unit are controlled to collect measurement data, and the collected data is stored in a built-in or external storage medium. Record and store data obtained via It can be done.
- the moving velocity vector of the second observation point is determined by the first and second measurement means for the same measurement point.
- the speed beta is determined by the conjugate gradient method
- the measurement result of the second observation point force is corrected using the velocity vector. For example, [number 3]
- M The number of measurement data is minimized by the conjugate gradient method.
- E (p) is the error function defined by the average of p (z (p)) weighted by the M estimation method using the Lorentz function
- Z (p) ⁇ R (q) g (v) -my 2 ′ is the distance between the corresponding points of the measurement results of the first and second measurement means.
- m is the translation vector
- y is the corresponding point in the jth measurement image
- p is a parameter group consisting of translation vector m and quarter-on q
- R (q) is a function of quarter-on q
- g (v) is the parameter whose shape is distorted by constant velocity motion.
- the measurement points of the second group that are not included in the measurement points of the first group are set to R (q) g (v ) + m as m 'and m' To correct.
- a software program running on a computer acquires a three-dimensional image (second image) of a cultural heritage whose shape has been specified from the collected data acquired by the second measuring means, and acquires the three-dimensional image by the first measuring means.
- first image the alignment with the three-dimensional image (first image) is automatically performed, even if the measurement result is distorted due to environmental influences such as wind caused by the balloon suspending the second measurement means, Can be corrected and optimized.
- the laser range sensor when image data acquired from the first measurement means serving as a reference image is acquired, for example, from a viewpoint on the ground, the laser range sensor is used when restoring a cultural heritage such as a large-scale building. It is conceivable that an unmeasured unmeasured area occurs. Further, the second measuring means for performing measurement from above measures the overall shape of the cultural heritage including the unmeasured area and acquires image data. Based on the two image data from the first and second measuring means, positioning is performed by repeated calculation so as to minimize the distance between corresponding points in an overlapping area. In the present invention, the distance between the corresponding points is
- Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for specifying a three-dimensional shape of an object, comprising a first distance from a fixed first observation point to a first group of measurement points on the object. The process of measuring the azimuth and
- At least one of the measurement points of the second group has the same measurement point as at least one of the measurement points of the first group, and the measurement point of the second group is the measurement point of the first group. Include at least one measurement point that is not included in
- a first measurement unit such as a laser range sensor uses a distance from the surface of the target object to create a first image serving as a reference image.
- the second measuring means measures the distance from the air to the surface of the object in order to create a second image from the air.
- the step of measuring the second distance and the azimuth includes: a laser radar unit for measuring a distance of each point; and a four-sided polygon mirror for performing horizontal scanning. And a plane swing mirror for performing vertical scanning.
- the scanner unit provided in the second measurement means acquires distance image data by laser on the surface of a cultural heritage with a large aerodynamic force.
- the scanner realizes a method of performing a high-speed scan by the horizontal polygon mirror in the above configuration and a high-speed scan by lowering the measurement density in the vertical direction.
- the decrease in the measurement density can be compensated for by performing the same viewpoint position force multiple times.
- the step of measuring the second distance and the azimuth includes a step of transmitting a measurement result to a measurement computer via an interface.
- the second measuring means for example, data obtained by measuring a large-scale cultural heritage is acquired in a wide and area range by controlling the range finder and the two mirrors.
- a method of transmitting the data to a computer having a recording medium can be adopted.
- the step of measuring the second distance and the azimuth includes a step of storing the measurement result in a recording medium, and a step of controlling the scanner unit and the control unit by a computer. .
- the second measuring means for example, data measured and controlled by a scanner unit and a controller unit is recorded on a recording medium provided in a computer.
- a method of storing and instructing the measurement and control by a computer can be adopted.
- the moving velocity vector of the second observation point is determined by the first and second measurement means for the same measurement point.
- the speed beta is determined by the conjugate gradient method
- the method includes a step of correcting the measurement result of the second observation point force using the velocity vector.
- a translation vector that minimizes the following equation by a conjugate gradient method is obtained.
- E (p) is the error function defined by the average of p (z (p)) weighted by the M estimation method using the Lorentz function
- Z (p) ⁇ R (q) g (v) -my 2 ′ is the distance between the corresponding points of the measurement results of the first and second measurement means.
- m is the translation vector
- y is the corresponding point in the jth measurement image
- p is a parameter group consisting of translation vector m and quarter-on q
- R (q) is a function of quarter-on q
- g (v) is the parameter whose shape is distorted by constant velocity motion.
- the correction method according to the present invention may be configured such that the measurement points of the second group that are not included in the measurement points of the first group Is corrected by using m, where R (q) g (v) + m is set to m ', which minimizes z (p).
- the first image is created based on the data obtained by measuring the viewpoint power on the ground.
- an unmeasured area may be generated depending on the shape.
- the unmeasured area is not displayed in the first image, but the second image is fixed to a balloon or the like, for example, and the aerodynamic force is also measured, so that the overall shape of the cultural heritage including the unmeasured area can be measured.
- the measurement position of the measurement means is not fixed due to the influence of the natural phenomena such as the wind on the balloon, the measured data of the second image is distorted. Therefore, since an error due to distortion occurs in the alignment between the first image and the second image, an estimation method for correcting the error and matching the corresponding points is required.
- the distance between the corresponding points is calculated as described above in order to simultaneously estimate the distortion parameter simultaneously with the conventional alignment processing.
- the unmeasured area can be specified as ym in the first image based on the actually measured data of the second image by using the minimized m '.
- a distance measurement system for measuring a distance and an azimuth to a measurement point on the object movably fixed includes:
- a scanner unit consisting of a laser radar unit for measuring one point, a four-sided polygon mirror for horizontal scanning, and a plane swing mirror for vertical scanning;
- a controller unit including a radar control unit, a controller for two mirrors, and an interface for transmitting measurement results to a measurement computer;
- a computer having a recording medium, capable of storing a measurement result in the recording medium, and capable of controlling the scanner unit and the control unit;
- a scanner unit having the above-described configuration capable of high-speed measurement of a desired one screen in one second, a controller unit for movably controlling the scanner unit within a measurement area range, and a storage unit for storing measurement data; And a computer for controlling the scanner unit and the control unit.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing how a shape of a target object is measured according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of image registration according to the present invention.
- Figure 3 shows the first image acquired based on the ground force measurement results from the experiment
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram in which a first image has been acquired based on measurement results from the ground (high places).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first image obtained by adjusting the results of a flying laser range sensor.
- FIG. 6 is an internal configuration diagram of a scanner unit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows values of each error function when a simulation experiment was performed by changing the moving speed of the sensor stepwise from 0 to lmZsec.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of performing a conventional positioning method when assuming that the flying laser range sensor fluctuates.
- FIG. 9 shows a result of estimating and correcting distortion correction parameters by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a three-dimensional measurement system using a flying laser range sensor for restoring a large-scale object shape according to the present invention.
- the measurement device 10 installed on the ground has a function of acquiring data for generating a range image, and the data of the measurement object 13 is three-dimensionally collected by collecting data from a plurality of measurement points. This is the first measurement system for generating the reference image restored to the original.
- the measurement device 12 suspended from the balloon 11 includes a distance measurement unit, a distance measurement area control unit that specifies a distance measurement direction, and a medium that can store the distance measurement data. It has a computer and a function to acquire data for generating a distance image, and generates an image in which the shape of the measurement target object 13 is three-dimensionally restored based on measurement data from the sky. This is the second measurement system for performing measurement.
- an unmeasured region 15 that is not measured due to the shape of the measurement target object is generated.
- the unmeasured area 15 is recognized as an undisplayed area when restored as a three-dimensional image by computer processing, but the three-dimensional image is used as a reference image (first image) as it is.
- the measurement device 12 since the measurement is performed from the sky, the measurement device 12
- Overall distance measurement data of the measurement target object 13 including 15 can be acquired. Next, these data can be displayed as a three-dimensional image (second image) by computer processing.
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for aligning the first image and the second image according to the present invention.
- the flying range sensor in the second measurement system has a triangulation measurement principle (active stereo). Some range sensors perform measurement in about 0.3 seconds. Due to the nature of the survey,
- Baseline length needs to be extended for long-distance measurement, which is not suitable for large-scale measurement.
- the light receiving element it is not suitable for measurement in a bright environment.
- the laser radar method is practical for large-scale outdoor measurement.
- the measurement time of a normal laser range sensor is as fast as about 2 minutes even if it is fast, and it is not realistic to hang it on a balloon when considering the movement of the balloon. Therefore
- high-speed measurement with a measurement time of 1 second is realized by utilizing the high-speed scanning of the polygon mirror and slightly lowering the measurement density in the vertical direction.
- conditions for mounting on a balloon include that the balloon is small and lightweight according to the buoyancy of the balloon, and that measurement is performed at high speed so as to reduce the influence of the movement of the balloon.
- a scanner unit having the internal configuration shown in FIG. 6 is mounted.
- the principle of operation is omitted because it is a known measuring instrument.
- an error function E (p) is set as follows in normal position and orientation adjustment, and E (p) is minimized using the steepest gradient method.
- X is the ith point in the image to be aligned and y corresponds to X in the jth measurement image
- the notometer group p consists of a translation vector and a quarter-on (quaternion) q representing rotation.
- the error function is the Lorentz function for the square z (p) of the distance between the corresponding points (nearest neighbors).
- z (p) ⁇ R (q) g (k) -my 2 '
- k is the shape parameter group
- g (k) is the i-th point of the ideal data to be aligned.
- a parameter transformation g (k) is added to the distance image to be aligned.
- the conjugate gradient method (see Non-Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6) using the Fletcher-Reeves method and the Polak-Ribiere method is used to perform minimization efficiently.
- the amount of movement in the gradient direction is , Determined by an enclosing method using golden division.
- the shape parameter term g (k) in Eq. (4) is replaced by the distortion correction term d (V) using the velocity vector v as a parameter.
- the distortion correction term d is obtained by adding the relative displacement tv of the measurement start force to the point coordinates in the image measured by the second measurement system. expressed.
- FIG. 3 is a part of a reconstructed diagram (display viewed from the observation position) in which a measurement result from the ground is converted into a three-dimensional image. Approximately 230 images are measured from the ground by the above measuring device. Although there are many unmeasured areas that cannot be observed from the ground!
- Fig. 4 when looking at different viewpoint positions (especially at high altitudes), it can be confirmed that many unmeasured regions remain.
- the aerodynamics were also measured using a flying range sensor, and as shown above, Fig. 5 shows the results of position estimation performed simultaneously with estimation of distortion correction parameters. From Fig. 5, it can be confirmed that the unmeasured area force, which cannot be obtained only from ground-based measurement, is accurately filled by the flying laser range sensor and the parameter estimation method for distortion correction. Since the viewing angle of the flying laser range sensor of the present invention is narrow, the area obtained by one measurement is small. However, since it is hung by a balloon, the viewpoint position can be easily changed, and one measurement can be completed in one second, so that a wide range of unmeasured area can be filled. Simulation of the distortion correction parameter estimation method of the present invention
- Two types of shape data actually measured by the first measurement system are prepared, one of which is artificially distorted to obtain distortion data by aerial measurement (data by the second measurement system), and the other by the first measurement system.
- An experiment was performed as data (reference image data).
- Fig. 8 assumes that the flying laser range sensor fluctuates at a speed of 0.5m / sec (left front view) and 1. OmZsec (right front view), respectively, and performs a conventional alignment method. It is the result. From the two figures, it can be confirmed that there is a clear difference in the surface shape when the distortion due to the fluctuation of the measurement position of the sensor is not considered.
- the present invention uses three-dimensional measurement data acquired using two types of laser range sensors, ie, fixed measurement data and dynamic measurement data from the air, to achieve higher accuracy than in the past. Can restore the shape of the object to be measured.
- the air-floating means in the second measurement system is a balloon, but it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be applied even when suspended using a crane truck.
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US10/598,010 US7949179B2 (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2004-09-15 | Shape measurement device and method thereof |
JP2006510154A JP4565348B2 (ja) | 2004-02-25 | 2004-09-15 | 形状測定装置及びその方法 |
CA2555773A CA2555773C (en) | 2004-02-25 | 2004-09-15 | Shape measurement device and method thereof |
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JP (1) | JP4565348B2 (ja) |
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US10591598B2 (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2020-03-17 | SOS Lab co., Ltd | Lidar device |
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JP2007322392A (ja) * | 2006-06-05 | 2007-12-13 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 姿勢平滑化方法およびそのプログラム |
KR101390466B1 (ko) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-07 | 한국과학기술원 | 이동로봇 및 레이저 스캐너가 고속으로 움직일 때 측정된 스캔 거리 데이터들의 동적 오차 보정 방법 및 이를 이용한 스캔 거리 데이터 측정 장치 |
JP2019012032A (ja) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-24 | 株式会社パスコ | 計測手段決定支援装置及び計測手段決定支援プログラム |
WO2020148926A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 三次元再構成装置、三次元再構成システム、三次元再構成方法、及び三次元再構成プログラム |
JP2020112497A (ja) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 三次元再構成装置、三次元再構成システム、三次元再構成方法、及び三次元再構成プログラム |
CN113260831A (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-08-13 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 三维重建装置、三维重建系统、三维重建方法和三维重建程序 |
JP7241546B2 (ja) | 2019-01-16 | 2023-03-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 三次元再構成装置、三次元再構成システム、三次元再構成方法、及び三次元再構成プログラム |
JP7598994B2 (ja) | 2019-10-03 | 2024-12-12 | デンカ株式会社 | 三次元画像の生成方法、三次元画像生成装置、ガイダンス装置、およびプログラム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7949179B2 (en) | 2011-05-24 |
CA2555773A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
US20070266574A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
WO2005080914A9 (ja) | 2008-03-13 |
CA2555773C (en) | 2012-03-27 |
JP4565348B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 |
JPWO2005080914A1 (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
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