WO2005069356A1 - 単結晶薄膜の製造方法及びその単結晶薄膜デバイス - Google Patents
単結晶薄膜の製造方法及びその単結晶薄膜デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005069356A1 WO2005069356A1 PCT/JP2004/019195 JP2004019195W WO2005069356A1 WO 2005069356 A1 WO2005069356 A1 WO 2005069356A1 JP 2004019195 W JP2004019195 W JP 2004019195W WO 2005069356 A1 WO2005069356 A1 WO 2005069356A1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 352
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
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- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 370
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/169—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates
- H10F77/1692—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates the films including only Group IV materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02381—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02441—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/0245—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02532—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02634—Homoepitaxy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02656—Special treatments
- H01L21/02664—Aftertreatments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a single-crystal thin film and a single-crystal thin-film device thereof, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a single-crystal silicon thin film for a high-purity solar cell and a single-crystal silicon thin-film solar cell.
- Hydrogen ions (H + and H ⁇ ) are implanted into a single-crystal silicon substrate, bonded to a supporting substrate, and then subjected to a heat treatment to destroy and strip off the layer into which the hydrogen ions have been implanted.
- a crystalline silicon thin film can be formed on a supporting substrate.
- the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate When the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate is anodized, pores can be formed at a high density. Oxidation treatment is applied to the surface of the pores, the oxide layer is removed near the outer surface with hydrofluoric acid, and only the portion is removed. When annealing is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere, the outermost surface returns to a single-crystal continuous film, and a structure including a large number of voids is formed thereunder. After this is attached to the support substrate, the single-crystal silicon thin film can be separated by chemically dissolving the layer containing the voids by the liquid phase method or mechanically breaking it by a water jet or the like. (See Patent Document 3 below).
- the thickness of the upper silicon layer is only about 1 m, which contributes to the surface tension.
- the single crystal silicon substrate is damaged during peeling due to mechanical destruction, and repeated use is limited.
- a number of steps are required for the process, and the process is complicated.
- a silicon dioxide film, a polycrystalline or amorphous silicon thin film, and a protective film made of silicon dioxide are laminated in this order, and scanning of a linear molten zone by lamp heating or the like is performed to obtain a surface.
- a polycrystalline silicon thin film having a crystal grain size developed inward can be produced.
- the protective film is removed with a chemical solution, the polycrystalline silicon thin film is thickened by a CVD method, and then the polycrystalline silicon thin film is etched with hydrofluoric acid to separate the polycrystalline silicon thin film (see the following patent). Reference 4).
- the epitaxy lift-off (ELO) method uses a single-crystal substrate as a ⁇ type, epitaxically grows a sacrificial layer on it, and then epitaxically grows the target film on it, and removes the sacrificial layer. It is a method of obtaining a single crystal thin film of a material.
- a layer having a different composition from pure silicon, specifically, metal silicide or heavily doped silicon is used as a sacrificial layer (intermediate layer) by epitaxy.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film is formed by epitaxially growing silicon thereon, and the single-crystal silicon substrate and the single-crystal silicon thin film are separated by etching and removing the sacrificial layer. Proposed a method of manufacturing a single-crystal silicon thin film while repeatedly reusing a single-crystal silicon substrate.
- Patent document 1 JP-A-2000-077352
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-11 040785
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05-275663
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-07-226528
- Patent Document 5 WO0240751
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a single-crystal silicon film manufacturing process by an ELO method using sacrificial layers having different elemental compositions (part 1).
- a single crystal silicon substrate 1 is prepared.
- an intermediate layer (sacrificial layer) is formed on the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate 1.
- a metal silicide (MS: where M is a metal) film 2 is epitaxially grown.
- a single-crystal silicon film 3 is epitaxially grown on the surface of the sacrificial layer 2.
- the metal silicide film 2 is removed by etching.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view (part 2) of a process for manufacturing a single-crystal silicon film by the ELO method using sacrificial layers having different element compositions.
- a heavily doped silicon film 12 is epitaxially grown on the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate 1 as an intermediate layer (sacrificial layer), or An intermediate layer (sacrifice layer) is formed by doping the surface of the crystalline silicon substrate 11.
- a single-crystal silicon film 13 is epitaxially grown on the surface of the high-concentration doped silicon film 12.
- the heavily doped silicon film 12 is removed by etching, and the single crystal silicon film 13 is separated.
- the agent is an aqueous HF solution, and the selective etching of the metal silicide film 2 is easy.Since metal atoms are mixed into the single-crystal silicon film 3, the high-purity single-crystal silicon film cannot be manufactured. .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the concentration of various elements mixed in a single-crystal silicon thin film on the power generation efficiency of a solar cell, which is a conventional problem that is a strong problem.
- FIG. Effect FIG. 3 (b) shows the effect on p-type silicon.
- B According to the method for manufacturing a single crystal silicon film shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the diffusion of the dopant during the epitaxial growth of the single-crystal silicon thin film on the high-concentration doped silicon sacrificial layer Z single-crystal silicon substrate structure, which is a conventional problem.
- Fig. 4 (a) is an ideal diagram of the target film structure and dopant concentration distribution
- Fig. 4 (b) is the actual film structure and dopant concentration distribution.Dipant diffusion occurs during epitaxial growth. It is a figure which shows a mode that a three-layer structure cannot be maintained.
- the present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a single-crystal thin film, which eliminates the above-mentioned problems, provides good lift-off of the single-crystal silicon film, and can obtain a high-purity single-crystal silicon film for solar cells. And a single crystal thin film device thereof.
- the single crystal substrate is a single crystal silicon substrate
- the sacrificial layer is a silicon sacrificial layer
- the single crystal thin film is a single crystal silicon. It is characterized by being a thin film.
- step (b) may be performed by
- the method is characterized in that a silicon sacrificial layer containing crystal defects is epitaxially grown by performing physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition at 00 ° C.
- the crystal defects are twins, vacancies, interstitial atoms, edge transitions, and spiral transitions. It is characterized by the following.
- the number density of the crystal defects may be smaller than that of the single crystal silicon substrate and the silicon sacrifice.
- the number density of twins on the surface of the silicon sacrificial layer may be smaller than that of the silicon sacrificial layer and the single crystal silicon substrate.
- the number density of twins at the interface of is less than 1/100 or less.
- the step (c) may be performed at a substrate temperature of 1000 to 1400 ° C.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film with few crystal defects is epitaxially grown by a physical vapor deposition method or a chemical vapor deposition method.
- the single-crystal silicon thin film is supported on a support substrate following the step (c). After holding on the material, before The method is characterized in that the silicon sacrificial layer is etched to produce a single crystal silicon thin film.
- holes may be formed at intervals in the single-crystal silicon substrate. It is characterized by.
- the thickness of the silicon sacrificial layer may be 100 nm or less, The unevenness on the lower surface of the single-crystal silicon thin film is suppressed to 100 nm or less.
- the thickness of the silicon sacrificial layer may be 100 nm or more, A texture structure of 100 nm or more is introduced into the lower surface of the single-crystal silicon thin film.
- the etching of the silicon sacrificial layer may be performed using hydrofluoric acid and an oxidizing agent. It is characterized by performing with a mixed solution.
- a single-crystal silicon substrate is prepared, (b) an epitaxy sacrificial layer is formed on the substrate, and (c) A single crystal silicon thin film is rapidly epitaxially grown on the sacrificial layer, and (d) the sacrificial layer is etched to produce a solar cell power generation layer single crystal silicon thin film.
- the rapid epitaxial growth of the single-crystal silicon thin film is performed by a physical vapor deposition method. It is characterized by.
- the number density of the crystal defects may be larger than that of the single-crystal silicon substrate and the silicon sacrificial layer. At the interface, it is 1 / m 2 -1 / nm 2 .
- the sacrificial layer may be formed in the following step (b). It is characterized by eliminating crystal defects on the surface.
- the dopant concentration in the highly doped single crystal silicon is 10 18 atoms Z cm 3 or more.
- a silicon source and a dopant source are simultaneously formed on a single-crystal silicon substrate.
- a high-doped single-crystal silicon sacrificial layer is formed.
- the ratio of the silicon source to the dopant source is controlled with respect to time.
- the former being a sacrificial layer and the latter being a single crystal of a solar cell power generation layer. It is characterized by being a silicon thin film.
- the compound crystal containing silicon is a metal silicide such as CoSi, NiSi, CrSi.
- the sacrificial layer is etched with an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid to obtain a solar cell.
- the pond power generation layer is characterized by producing a single-crystal silicon thin film.
- the single crystal is formed in the following step (c). After holding the silicon thin film on the supporting substrate, the silicon sacrificial layer is etched to produce a single-crystal silicon thin film for a solar cell power generation layer.
- a single-crystal silicon thin-film solar cell which is obtained by the method for manufacturing a single-crystal silicon thin film for a solar cell according to any one of [23] to [42]. Solar cells.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional single-crystal silicon film manufacturing process by an ELO method using sacrificial layers having different element compositions (part 1).
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional single-crystal silicon film manufacturing process by an ELO method using sacrificial layers having different element compositions (part 2).
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the influence of the concentration of various elements mixed in a single-crystal silicon thin film on the power generation efficiency of a solar cell, which is a conventional problem.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining the diffusion of a dopant during epitaxy growth of a single-crystal silicon thin film on a high-doped silicon sacrificial layer Z single-crystal silicon substrate structure, which is a conventional problem.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view (No. 1) of a manufacturing process of a single crystal thin film showing an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view (part 2) of a process for producing a single-crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view (part 3) of a process for producing a single-crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view (part 4) of a process for producing a single-crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view (part 5) of a process for producing a single-crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a process sectional view showing Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of a sample obtained by partially etching a sacrificial film showing Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a process sectional view showing Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the manufacturing process of the single-crystal thin film showing Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an optical micrograph of a plane of a perforated substrate showing Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of a single-crystal thin film showing Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a substrate in which a pyramid-shaped texture according to Example 4 of the present invention is introduced. 4 is an electron micrograph.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between temperature and film forming rate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a view showing a ⁇ scan measurement result [in-plane X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern] of (220) in-plane X-ray diffraction of a silicon thin film according to the present invention.
- XRD in-plane X-ray diffraction
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional photograph taken by a scanning electron microscope of a selectively etched single crystal silicon thin film Z high-concentration P-doped silicon sacrificial layer Z single crystal silicon substrate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a manufacturing process of a single-crystal silicon thin film for a solar cell, showing an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a high-throughput vapor deposition (doped layer formation) apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a manufacturing cross-sectional view of a solar cell power generation layer formed according to the flow of the high-throughput vapor deposition apparatus showing the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a high-throughput vapor deposition (defect layer formation) apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view (part 1) of a process for producing a single crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- a single crystal substrate 21 is prepared.
- a single-crystal sacrificial layer 22 made of the same material as that of the single-crystal substrate 21 and including crystal defects is formed by epitaxial growth.
- a high-purity single-crystal thin film 23 of the same substance and having few crystal defects is formed by epitaxy on the single-crystal sacrificial layer 22.
- the single-crystal sacrificial layer 22 is etched (dissolved) to obtain a high-purity single-crystal thin film 23 with few crystal defects.
- the single crystal substrate 21 left in FIG. 5D can be reused.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view (part 2) of a process for producing a single crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- a single crystal substrate 31 is prepared.
- a single-crystal sacrificial layer 32 containing the same material as that of the single-crystal substrate 31 and containing crystal defects is formed by epitaxial growth.
- the surface 33 To eliminate crystal defects.
- a high-purity single crystal thin film 34 of the same substance and having few crystal defects is epitaxially grown on the surface 33 of the single crystal sacrificial layer 32 from which the crystal defects have been eliminated. And formed.
- the single-crystal sacrificial layer 32 is etched (dissolved) to obtain a high-purity single-crystal thin film 34 with few crystal defects.
- the single crystal substrate 31 left in Fig. 6 (e) can be reused.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view (part 3) of a process for producing a single crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- a single crystal substrate 41 is prepared.
- a single-crystal sacrificial layer 42 made of the same material as that of the single-crystal substrate 41 and containing crystal defects is formed by epitaxial growth.
- a high-purity single-crystal thin film 43 having the same substance and having few crystal defects is formed by epitaxy on the single-crystal sacrificial layer 42.
- a high-purity single-crystal thin film 43 having few crystal defects is held by a supporting base material. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7E, the single crystal sacrificial layer 42 is etched (dissolved) to obtain a single crystal thin film 43 of high purity with few crystal defects supported by the support base material 44.
- single crystal substrate 41 left in FIG. 7 (e) can be reused.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view (part 4) of a process for manufacturing a single crystal thin film showing an example of the present invention.
- a single crystal substrate 51 is prepared.
- a single-crystal sacrificial layer 52 containing the same material as that of the single-crystal substrate 51 and containing crystal defects is formed by epitaxial growth.
- crystal defects on the surface 53 of the single-crystal sacrificial layer 52 are eliminated.
- a high-purity single crystal thin film 54 of the same substance and few crystal defects is epitaxially grown on the surface 53 of the single crystal sacrificial layer 52 in which crystal defects have been eliminated. And formed.
- a high-purity single-crystal thin film 54 having few crystal defects is held by a supporting substrate 55.
- the single-crystal sacrificial layer 52 is etched (dissolved) to obtain a high-purity single-crystal thin film 54 with few crystal defects supported by the supporting substrate 55.
- single crystal substrate 51 left in FIG. 8 (f) can be reused.
- the single-crystal substrate is a single-crystal silicon substrate
- the sacrificial layer is a silicon sacrificial layer
- the single-crystal Thin film Is a single crystal silicon thin film.
- the single crystal substrate is a single crystal GaAs substrate.
- the single crystal substrate is an MgO substrate.
- the step (b) is performed by a physical vapor deposition method or a chemical vapor deposition method at 400 to 1200 ° C.
- a silicon sacrificial layer containing crystal defects is epitaxially grown.
- the crystal defects are twins, vacancies, interstitial atoms, edge transitions, and spiral transitions. .
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view (part 5) of a process for producing a single crystal thin film showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film is obtained as the single-crystal thin film.
- a single crystal silicon substrate 61 is prepared.
- silicon is epitaxially grown to form a single crystal containing twins.
- a crystalline silicon sacrificial film 62 is grown.
- twins on the surface 63 of the single-crystal silicon sacrificial film 62 are eliminated by annealing in a reducing atmosphere.
- the single-crystal silicon thin film 64 with few defects is deposited under the second film formation condition in which the residual gas pressure is lower and the temperature is higher than the first film formation condition. Growing it up in pitch. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9E, the single crystal sacrificial layer 62 is etched (dissolved) to obtain a high-purity single crystal silicon thin film 64 having few crystal defects.
- the single-crystal silicon thin film 64 is epitaxially grown, the upper single-crystal silicon film 64 is supported by a supporting substrate (not shown), and the single-crystal sacrificial layer 62 is etched (dissolved). Then, a high-purity single-crystal silicon film 64 with few crystal defects supported by the supporting base material is manufactured. [0096] Again, the single crystal substrate 61 left in Fig. 9 (e) can be reused.
- step (b) In the method for producing a single crystal thin film according to the above (2) or (4), after the step (b), thermal annealing is performed at a temperature of 1000 to 1400 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere. And eliminating crystal defects on the surface of the silicon sacrificial layer.
- the number density of twins on the surface of the silicon sacrificial layer may be smaller than that of the silicon sacrificial layer and the single crystal silicon substrate. Less than one hundredth of the twin density at the interface.
- the step (c) may be performed at a substrate temperature.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film with few crystal defects is epitaxially grown at 1000-1400 ° C by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
- the thickness of the silicon sacrificial layer is set to 100 nm or less, whereby irregularities on the lower surface of the single-crystal silicon thin film are suppressed to 100 nm or less.
- the etching (dissolution) of the silicon sacrificial layer is performed by mixing hydrofluoric acid and an oxidizing agent. Perform with solution.
- a single-crystal thin-film device is obtained by the method for producing a single-crystal thin film according to any one of (1) to (20) above.
- the single crystal thin film is a power generation layer for a solar battery.
- the single crystal thin film is a single crystal thin film for SOI.
- the single-crystal silicon thin film is formed at a temperature ⁇ (° C.) at a deposition rate GR ( ⁇ m / min).
- GR deposition rate
- the sacrificial layer is crystalline silicon containing crystal defects.
- the crystal defects are twins, vacancies, interstitial atoms, edge transitions, and spiral transitions.
- the sacrificial layer may be formed in the step following the step (b). Eliminates crystal defects on the surface.
- the sacrificial layer of the crystal is single crystal silicon highly doped.
- the dopant in the highly-doped single-crystal silicon is a group III to group V element.
- the dopant concentration in the highly-doped single-crystal silicon is 10 18 atoms Z cm 3 or more.
- the method for producing a single crystal silicon thin film for a solar cell according to any one of the above (30), (31), and (32) by supplying a dopant source to the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate. Forming a heavily doped single crystal silicon sacrificial layer;
- the silicon source and the dopant source are simultaneously formed on the single-crystal silicon substrate.
- the supply forms a highly doped single crystal silicon sacrificial layer.
- the ratio of the silicon source to the dopant source is controlled with respect to time.
- the former being a sacrificial layer and the latter being a single crystal of a solar cell power generation layer. Silicon thin film.
- the sacrificial layer of the crystal is a compound crystal containing silicon.
- the compound crystal containing silicon is a metal silicide such as CoSi, NiSi, and CrSi.
- the sacrificial layer of the crystal is a crystal containing no silicon.
- the single crystal is formed in the following step (c). After holding the silicon thin film on the supporting substrate, the silicon sacrificial layer is etched to produce a solar cell power generation layer single crystal silicon thin film.
- FIG. 10 is a process sectional view showing Example 1 of the present invention.
- a single-crystal silicon substrate (for example, 500 / 500 ⁇ ) 71 is prepared.
- the single crystal silicon substrate 71 has a flat upper surface for epitaxially growing a single crystal silicon sacrificial film described later.
- FIG. 11 shows that a silicon sacrificial film 72 containing crystal defects of 0.5 ⁇ m was epitaxially grown on a single-crystal silicon substrate 71 at 600 ° C. by a substrate heating sputtering method, and a 1200 ° C. was formed thereon.
- Trichlorosilane with C Z-hydrogen mixed gas as raw material with few 20 ⁇ m crystal defects by chemical vapor deposition
- a single-crystal silicon thin film 73 is formed, and a sacrificial film 72 is formed using an HF / HNO ZCH COOH mixed solution.
- FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of a sample obtained by partially etching. It is shown that the sacrificial film 72 is selectively etched.
- FIG. 12 is a process sectional view showing Example 2 of the present invention.
- a single-crystal silicon substrate (for example, 500 / ⁇ ) 81 is prepared.
- the single crystal silicon substrate 81 has a flat upper surface for epitaxially growing a single crystal silicon sacrificial film described later.
- a minute amount of oxygen and water vapor is deposited on the single-crystal silicon substrate 81 by the substrate heating sputtering method by epitaxy growth of defect-containing silicon. Perform under existing conditions. That is, a single-crystal silicon sacrificial film (for example, 0.1—: m) 82 is formed. This single crystal silicon sacrificial film 82 can be easily and accurately removed by force etching described later.
- various types of epitaxial growth can be used.
- a CVD method using a silane-based gas or a chlorosilane-based gas, or a vapor deposition method using silicon. can be.
- the supporting base material 84 is held on the single-crystal silicon thin film 83.
- the support base 84 tempered glass or the like is used.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of a single-crystal thin film showing Example 3 of the present invention.
- This embodiment is the same as the first and second embodiments except that holes 91A are formed in the single-crystal silicon substrate 91 at intervals. That is,
- FIG. 14 shows an optical microscope photograph of a plane of the single crystal silicon substrate 91 in which holes 91 A of 100 ⁇ m are formed at intervals of 1 mm by photolithography and selective etching.
- various types of epitaxy can be used.
- a CVD method using a silane-based gas or a chlorosilane-based gas, or a vapor deposition method using silicon. can be.
- the supporting base material 94 is held on the single-crystal silicon thin film 93.
- the supporting substrate 94 tempered glass or the like is used.
- the etchant can easily enter the single-crystal silicon substrate 91 by the holes 91A formed at intervals, so that the single-crystal silicon thin film 93 with few defects can be separated smoothly. That is, the single-crystal silicon sacrificial film 92 can be removed quickly and accurately.
- the thickness of the silicon sacrificial layer 92 equal to or less than 100 nm, the single-crystal silicon
- the unevenness on the lower surface of the thin film 93 is controlled to 100 nm or less.
- a texture structure of 100 nm or more may be introduced to the lower surface of the single-crystal silicon thin film 93.
- sunlight can be efficiently taken into the single-crystal thin film, and power generation efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a single crystal thin film manufacturing process showing Example 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 16 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of a substrate in which a pyramid-shaped texture is introduced, showing this Example.
- the other points are the same as those of the first and second embodiments except that the unevenness 101A is formed on the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate 101. That is,
- a single-crystal silicon substrate 101 having a surface with irregularities 101A is prepared.
- FIG. 16 shows an electron micrograph of a cross section of the substrate 101 in which a pyramid-shaped texture covered with ⁇ 111 ⁇ planes is introduced on a Si (100) wafer by utilizing this feature.
- the epitaxial growth of the defect-containing silicon is carried out on the single-crystal silicon substrate 101 by a substrate heating sputtering method with trace amounts of oxygen and water vapor. Perform under the condition where is present. That is, the single crystal silicon sacrificial film 102 having the unevenness 102A formed on the surface is formed.
- the present embodiment in which the unevenness is formed is applied to the manufacturing method of the second embodiment, but the same can be applied to the first embodiment.
- PVD Physical Vapor Deposition
- the film formation rate is as shown in FIG. 17 for chemical species such as SiCl and HC1.
- Desorption is rate-limiting, and the growth rate of ⁇ -10 / z mZmin becomes the limit around 1200 ° C.
- the temperature can be increased by increasing the temperature, but the number is easily controlled by the material supply; z mZmin is the practical upper limit.
- the film formation rate for preventing the sacrificial layer degradation described later is about the same as the lower limit of the GR, which indicates that it is difficult to suppress the sacrificial layer degradation by the CVD method.
- the thickness of the target single crystal silicon thin film is 10 m
- the thickness of the sacrificial layer is preferably 1Z10 or less, that is, 1 m or less.
- the dopant (B, P) diffuses by: m
- the structure of the sacrificial layer deteriorates.
- the time constant is expressed as (1 ⁇ m) 2 ZD, where D is the diffusion coefficient.
- the upper single-crystal silicon thin film needs to grow 10 m or more, so the deposition rate GR must be GR> 10D / 1 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature thus obtained and the film formation rate.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a ⁇ scan measurement result [in-plane X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern] of (220) in-plane X-ray diffraction of the obtained silicon thin film.
- XRD in-plane X-ray diffraction
- a high-concentration P-doped silicon sacrificial layer is formed on a single-crystal silicon substrate by a diffusion method, and a 4 m single-crystal silicon thin film is formed thereon by an RVD method. Etching was performed for 1 minute with a mixed solution of nitric acid and acetic acid.
- Figure 19 shows a cross-sectional photograph of the selectively etched single-crystal silicon thin film Z high-concentration P-doped silicon sacrificial layer Z single-crystal silicon substrate taken by a scanning electron microscope. As shown in this figure, only the sacrificial layer was selectively etched.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film can be formed without deteriorating the structure of the sacrificial layer, and the single-crystal silicon thin film is selectively etched by the sacrificial layer. This facilitates separation of the thin film and the single crystal silicon substrate.
- the diffusion of the dopant in the doped silicon sacrificial layer by the ELO method can be suppressed, and the single crystal silicon film can be lifted off favorably.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film with few defects or a single-crystal silicon thin film with few defects supported on a supporting base material can be obtained, and these can be used as a single-crystal thin-film device.
- it can be used as a power generation layer for a solar cell or an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) semiconductor device.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a manufacturing process of a single-crystal silicon thin film for a solar cell showing an example of the present invention.
- a single-crystal silicon substrate ( ⁇ -type Si substrate) 201 is prepared, and as shown in FIG. A sacrificial layer 202 is formed.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film 203 is rapidly epitaxially grown on the sacrificial layer 202 by the RVD method, and then, as shown in FIG. 202 is etched to obtain a solar cell power generation layer single crystal silicon thin film 204.
- the deposition rate GR (m / min) of the single crystal silicon thin film 204 of the solar cell power generation layer was GR> 2 X 10 12 exp [-1 325 (kj / mol) / 8.
- the structural change of the sacrificial layer 202 is prevented by epitaxial growth at a rate satisfying 8. 31 (j / mol-K) / ( ⁇ + 273) ( ⁇ )].
- the film forming rate can be arbitrarily increased by exceeding the upper limit of the desorption rate. At this time, if the substrate temperature is set sufficiently high, epitaxial growth can be performed by the RVD method.
- the single-crystal silicon thin film 203 can be rapidly epitaxially grown on the surface of the sacrificial layer 202.
- the sacrificial layer can be made of crystalline silicon containing crystal defects.
- the number density of the crystal defects can be set at 1 / m 2 -1 / nm 2 at the interface between the single crystal silicon substrate and the silicon sacrificial layer.
- crystal defects on the surface of the sacrificial layer can be eliminated.
- a single-crystal layer containing a crystal defect and made of a material having the same element composition is used as a sacrificial layer.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film when silicon is grown on a single-crystal silicon substrate under a condition where a small amount of oxygen 'water vapor is present, the silicon layer grows epitaxially as a whole. , Twin and other crystal defects Will be included. Thereafter, when thermal annealing is performed in a reducing atmosphere (hydrogen atmosphere), defects on the outermost surface disappear due to surface diffusion of silicon. On top of that, rapid epitaxy growth by PVD allows rapid growth of silicon under clean conditions free of crystal defects. Since the sacrificial layer containing crystal defects can be selectively etched with a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and an oxidizing agent, a single crystal silicon thin film of a solar cell power generation layer with good lift-off and high purity can be obtained.
- a group III element or a group V element can be used as a dopant in the highly doped single crystal silicon.
- the dopant concentration in the single crystal silicon doped to the high concentration it may be 10 18 atoms ZCM 3 or more.
- a dopant source to the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate, a high concentration doped single crystal silicon sacrificial layer can be formed.
- a highly doped single crystal silicon sacrificial layer may be formed.
- the ratio of the silicon source and the dopant source with respect to time and supplying the silicon source to the single crystal silicon substrate, a layer having a high dopant concentration and a layer having a low dopant concentration are rapidly incorporated into the silicon film that is epitaxially grown.
- the former can be a sacrificial layer and the latter can be a single crystal silicon thin film of a solar cell power generation layer.
- the silicon-containing compound crystal may be a metal crystal such as CoSi, NiSi, or CrSi.
- a crystal containing no silicon can be used as the sacrifice layer of the crystal.
- a single-crystal silicon thin film for a solar cell power generation layer can be manufactured.
- the solar cell power generation layer single-crystal silicon thin film was held on a supporting base material, and then the silicon sacrificial layer was etched.
- a single crystal silicon thin film for a solar cell power generation layer can be manufactured.
- holes may be formed in the single crystal silicon substrate at intervals.
- the productivity is not only increased by increasing the epitaxy growth rate of the single-crystal silicon thin film by the RVD method, but the entire substrate is exposed to a high temperature. Since the time is shortened, the structural change of the sacrificial layer is suppressed, the separation between the single crystal silicon thin film and the single crystal silicon substrate by the selective etching of the sacrificial layer is improved, and as a result, a single crystal silicon thin film with high purity and no defect is obtained. And a very promising process.
- the present invention is not limited to single crystal silicon, and can be applied to the manufacture of a single crystal thin film of any material such as Ge, GaAs, GaN, and GeN.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a high-throughput vapor deposition (doped layer formation) apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of manufacturing a solar cell power generation layer formed along the flow of the high-throughput vapor deposition apparatus. It is.
- A is a high-throughput deposition apparatus (reactor)
- B is a susceptor (graphite, etc.)
- C is a silicon substrate
- D is a crucible (quartz, etc.)
- E is a silicon solution
- F is a heating apparatus. (Electric heating device, induction heating device, electron beam heating device, etc.).
- This high-throughput vapor deposition system is constructed by a conveyor system using a susceptor B to enable continuous and continuous film formation of a high-concentration doped layer and a solar cell power generation layer (including pZn junction).
- the manufacturing equipment uses an H carrier to prevent impurity back-diffusion by differential pumping.
- a single crystal silicon p ++ layer 302 is grown on the surface of a single crystal silicon substrate 301, and 22 (b) As shown in (c), a single-crystal silicon P layer 303 is grown by rapid epitaxy by the PVD method. These Single-crystal silicon p-layer 303 and layer 302 are formed by vapor deposition using B or BH added to Si.
- an n + layer 304 is grown on the surface of the single crystal silicon p layer 303.
- This n + layer 304 is formed by in-situ doping (doping a desired impurity into a film to be doped simultaneously in the same reaction furnace), that is, a vapor phase growth method in which P or PH is added to Si.
- the laminated substrate of the n + layer 304Zp layer 303ZP ++ layer 302ZSi substrate 301 on which continuous and continuous film formation was performed by the high-throughput evaporation apparatus was taken out from the apparatus, and FIG. As shown, by etching the layer (highly doped layer) 302 with an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid, a single crystal silicon thin film 305 for a solar cell power generation layer can be manufactured.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a high-throughput vapor deposition (defect layer formation) apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the conveyor system using the graphite susceptor B enables the formation of a defect layer, the elimination of surface defects, and the continuous and continuous deposition of the power generation layer (including the pZn junction). It is configured as follows.
- H the power generation layer
- process block I defect epitaxy is performed in an atmosphere of 800 to 1200 ° C, and then, in process block II, annealing is performed in an atmosphere of 1000 to 1400 ° C. Then, in processing block III, rapid epitaxy growth by PVD method is performed to achieve high quality epitaxy growth of the solar cell power generation layer.
- the defect layer and the solar cell power generation layer on which continuous and continuous film formation has been performed by the high-throughput vapor deposition apparatus are taken out of the apparatus, and the defect layer is etched with an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid. Accordingly, a single-crystal silicon thin film of a solar cell power generation layer can be manufactured.
- a 10 m solar cell power generation layer is formed at 11 lOmin by the PVD method. Therefore, vapor deposition is performed at a high temperature.
- elements other than silicon are also adsorbed on the growth surface together with silicon, so that the desorption rate of these elements can be the upper limit of the film formation rate.
- the desorption of chlorine and hydrogen is rate-limiting, and the upper limit of the growth rate is limited.
- Decide the time required for the epitaxial growth of the single-crystal silicon thin film is limited, during which time the structural change of the sacrificial layer and the diffusion of elements into the single-crystal silicon thin film and the substrate occur. Is the cause of the problem described above.
- the present invention invented to increase the film forming rate by the PVD method as described above. That is, if only silicon is supplied to the growth surface, desorption of other elements such as chlorine and hydrogen becomes unnecessary, and the upper limit of the desorption rate is eliminated with respect to the deposition rate.
- the upper limit of the deposition rate in the PVD method is determined by the time it takes for the supplied silicon to move to a single-crystal silicon substrate or an epitaxy arrangement with the film surface.
- silicon was actually supplied to the surface of the single crystal silicon substrate by the PVD method at a substrate temperature of 800 ° C.
- epitaxy growth at a deposition rate of 10 IX mZmin was confirmed.
- the substrate temperature can be reduced by 400 ° C because the CVD method requires about 1200 ° C to achieve the same film formation rate. With a temperature drop of 400 ° C, the diffusion rate can be reduced to 1Z20000.
- a three-layer structure of a single-crystal silicon thin film Z sacrificial layer Z single-crystal silicon substrate can be manufactured without deterioration of the sacrificial layer, and thus a single-crystal silicon thin film can be manufactured.
- a high-purity single-crystal silicon film for a solar cell with good lift-off of the single-crystal silicon film and few crystal defects can be obtained.
- high purity silicon is used in the production of crystalline silicon substrates, which account for 40% of the cost of the Balta crystal silicon module, which accounts for the entire 2Z3 cost of home photovoltaic power generation systems.
- the volume can be significantly reduced to 1Z10-1Z100.
- the present invention relates to a power generation layer of a solar cell and a silicon compound semiconductor as a semiconductor device. Suitable for manufacturing single crystal thin film, SOI substrate, etc.
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US10/585,731 US7887632B2 (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2004-12-22 | Process for producing monocrystal thin film and monocrystal thin film device |
EP20040807552 EP1708254A4 (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2004-12-22 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MONOCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM AND MONOCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM DEVICE |
US12/963,168 US9130111B2 (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2010-12-08 | Method for manufacturing monocrystalline thin film and monocrystalline thin film device manufactured thereby |
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US12/963,168 Continuation US9130111B2 (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2010-12-08 | Method for manufacturing monocrystalline thin film and monocrystalline thin film device manufactured thereby |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007184252A (ja) * | 2005-12-05 | 2007-07-19 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水電解質二次電池用電極材の製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用電極及びその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用電極集電体の製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20080202582A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
US9130111B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 |
US20110073184A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
TWI281705B (en) | 2007-05-21 |
US7887632B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
JPWO2005069356A1 (ja) | 2008-04-24 |
EP1708254A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
TW200524005A (en) | 2005-07-16 |
JP5330349B2 (ja) | 2013-10-30 |
EP2256786A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
JP2011023742A (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
CN1918697A (zh) | 2007-02-21 |
EP1708254A4 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
CN100433257C (zh) | 2008-11-12 |
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