WO2005018675A1 - 自己免疫疾患治療剤 - Google Patents
自己免疫疾患治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005018675A1 WO2005018675A1 PCT/JP2004/012422 JP2004012422W WO2005018675A1 WO 2005018675 A1 WO2005018675 A1 WO 2005018675A1 JP 2004012422 W JP2004012422 W JP 2004012422W WO 2005018675 A1 WO2005018675 A1 WO 2005018675A1
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- endoplasmic reticulum
- stress
- cells
- synoviolin
- therapeutic agent
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for an autoimmune disease containing a substance that induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, in particular, a therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Synovial cells are cells that proliferate significantly in rheumatoid arthritis and play a central role in destroying joints. Therefore, many studies have been conducted on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, targeting the synovial cells, particularly with the aim of suppressing the autonomous proliferation of the cells. However, the mechanisms involved in its autonomous growth have not been fully elucidated.
- the present inventor performed immunoscreening using an anti-synovial antibody for the purpose of searching for a molecule that causes the proliferation of synovial cells in rheumatism. As a result, it was found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exists in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- ER endoplasmic reticulum
- the present inventors have proposed a model in which enhancement of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) function involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress can trigger synovial cell proliferation and cause arthropathy.
- ESD ER-associated degradation
- Synoviolin is a ubiquitin ligase (E3) having a RING finger domain and has a function to control quality in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- E3 ubiquitin ligase
- a mechanism called ERAD that degrades defective proteins generated in the endoplasmic reticulum and reduces ER stress (described later) is known.
- the details of this ERAD are as follows. After a protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm, it can function only when it has the correct three-dimensional structure and is transported to a predetermined location. Defective or damaged proteins for which proper higher-order structures cannot be obtained are checked by the quality control function of the cell, and are regenerated or degraded to maintain the homeostasis of the cell function.
- Proteins undergoing biosynthesis in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum are unstable and are exposed to various physicochemical stresses (eg, ischemia, hypoxia, heat shock, amino acid starvation, gene mutation, etc.). Such stress is called endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and increases the frequency of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- ER stress endoplasmic reticulum stress
- Defective proteins with abnormal tertiary structures exit the endoplasmic reticulum and are not transported to the Golgi apparatus, so the defective proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum as they are. Therefore, in response to these ER stresses, cells degrade bad proteins by the ER-specific stress response mechanisms called UPR and ERAD, and small cells due to accumulation of such bad proteins. It prevents the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum.
- the present inventors have paid attention to such ERAD function, and have demonstrated that suppression of synoviolin-dependent ERAD function leads to treatment of arthropathy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a drug useful for treating an autoimmune disease, particularly rheumatoid arthritis.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, focused on a substance that induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, and found that use of the substance can treat rheumatoid arthritis, thereby completing the present invention. Reached. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- An apoptosis inducer containing a substance that induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (1) An apoptosis inducer containing a substance that induces endoplasmic reticulum stress.
- Examples of the substance that induces endoplasmic reticulum stress include at least one selected from the group consisting of tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and brefeldin A. Further, the inducer of the present invention can further include siRNA against a gene encoding synoviolin.
- An autoimmune disease therapeutic agent comprising a substance that induces endoplasmic reticulum stress.
- Examples of the substance that induces endoplasmic reticulum stress include at least one selected from the group consisting of tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and brefeldin A.
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention is intended for rheumatoid arthritis and the like.
- the above-mentioned therapeutic agent may further contain siRNA for a gene encoding synoviolin.
- a method for suppressing cell proliferation which comprises treating a cell with the inducing agent according to (1).
- Examples of cells include synovial cells.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the expression of Synoviolin in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of a western blot showing enhanced expression of synoviolin in RA synovial cells.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing that when synoviolin expression is suppressed in synovial cells treated with siRNA, its proliferative activity decreases.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing induction of apoptosis using tsuyu forcemycin and enhancement of apoptosis induction using siRNA for synoviolin.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing that rheumatoid synovial cells are more resistant to ER stress-induced apoptosis than other cells.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing that rheumatoid synovial cells are more resistant to ER stress stimulation than osteoarthritis synovial cells.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing ER stress in collagen-induced arthritis. ATF6 expression in the knee joint of collagen-induced arthritis mice. The figure on the left shows the wild type of Synoviolin, and the figure on the right shows the Synoviolin hetero-deficient type.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph showing endoplasmic reticulum stress in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. ATF6 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. The figure on the left shows tissue immunostaining with anti-ATF6 antibody. The right figure is a negative control. Top: xlOOx magnification. Bottom: x200 magnification. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- ERAD processing capacity of ERAD is limited, and if ER stress is applied beyond that limit, the function of ERAD can no longer be fulfilled.
- the present invention focuses on this point, and by inducing ER stress, preferably excessively inducing ER stress so as to exceed the processing capacity of ERAD, ERAD ⁇ synovial cell proliferation ⁇ arthrosis It has succeeded in inducing a process that is different from the process (control of arthropathy, which is the opposite of the development of arthropathy).
- the present invention is characterized in that by inducing ER stress, the function of ERAD is suppressed to induce apoptosis in cells.
- the function of ERAD is suppressed to induce apoptosis in cells.
- it is characterized in that it induces apoptosis in synovial cells to suppress their proliferation and thus treats arthrosis.
- apoptosis means cell death caused by the cell itself, chromosome aggregation of the cell nucleus, fragmentation of the cell nucleus, loss of cell surface microvilli, aggregation of the cytoplasm, activation of caspase, mitochondrial membrane potential Disappearance, etc.
- the substance used to induce ER stress may be selected from substances that inhibit the function of the chaperone protein necessary for forming the three-dimensional structure of the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Whether or not ER stress has been induced can be confirmed as follows.
- Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) localized in the endoplasmic reticulum protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) localized in the endoplasmic reticulum
- PERK protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- Caspase 12 specific caspase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Activation is measured by ELISA, Western blotting and fluorescent immunostaining.
- ER stress inducers those that activate transcription factors, kinases and caspases can be selected as ER stress inducers.
- the ER stress inducer tunicamycin, thapsigargin, brefeldin A, 2-mercaptoethanol, and the like can be used.
- tsuyuikimycin, thapsigargin, and brefeldin A are preferable.
- Sinicamycin is an antibiotic that has been discovered as a marker for its antiviral activity against Newcastle virus, and is a generic term for substances in which a combination of i3-galactosamine and ⁇ -galactosamine is combined with a fatty acid having a carbon chain of 13 to 17.
- ER stress inducer can be obtained by synthesis or can be purchased from Sigma or the like.
- thapsigargin By inhibiting the function of chaperone molecules in the ER through the calcium pump inhibitory action of the ER membrane, thapsigargin can be used as a protein inhibitor in the ER and as an ER stress inducer.
- Bleperdin is known as a drug that suppresses intracellular protein transport, that is, Golgi transport. At a concentration of 1 to 10 g / ml, it can suppress secretory protein transport and induce ER stress.
- the dose to induce apoptosis with these ER stress inducers is 1 ⁇ g / m in vitro! ⁇ 50 mg / ml, preferably 1 g / ml ⁇ 30 mg / ml It is. Alternatively, it is 1 g / ml to 100 mg / ml, preferably 1 g / ml to 50 mg / ml per cell.
- the ER stress inducer is administered to humans, the same dosage and administration as the therapeutic agent described below can be employed. 3.
- RNAi in addition to the ER stress inducer, RNAi (RNA interference) can be used to suppress the expression of a gene encoding synoviolin (also referred to as “Synoviolin gene”).
- Synoviolin also referred to as “Synoviolin gene”.
- RNAi is a phenomenon in which when double-stranded RNA is introduced into cells, expression of a gene having a sequence homologous to the RNA is suppressed.
- siRNA small interfering RNA
- Synoviolin gene may be designed and synthesized in order to cause RNAi, and this may be allowed to act.
- siRNA The design criteria for siRNA are as follows.
- siRNA those having the following nucleotide sequences can be used as siRNA.
- Antisense strand UGACGGCGUACCAGGAACGUU (Toshimi U number 2)
- siRNA in vitro-synthesized siRNA is ligated to plasmid DNA and introduced into cells. Can be adopted.
- the therapeutic agent containing the ER stress-inducing substance of the present invention as an active ingredient is Immune diseases can be targeted.
- An autoimmune disease refers to a disease caused by an immune response to its own tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto's disease (chronic thyroiditis), pernicious anemia, Addison's disease, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, These include Siedalen syndrome, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Reiter's syndrome, and Graves' disease.
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally.
- examples include a pulmonary dosage form (for example, using a nephrizer), a nasal dosage form, a transdermal dosage form (eg, ointment, cream), an injection dosage form, and the like.
- a pulmonary dosage form for example, using a nephrizer
- a nasal dosage form for example, using a nephrizer
- a transdermal dosage form eg, ointment, cream
- an injection dosage form and the like.
- intravenous injection such as infusion, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, and the like.
- the administration method is appropriately selected according to the age and symptoms of the patient.
- the effective dose is 0.1 g to 100 mg, preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ 8 per kg of body weight at one time.
- the above therapeutic agent is not limited to these doses.
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention can be formulated according to a conventional method, and may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or additive.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or additive examples include water, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents, collagen, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate.
- Water Water, water-soluble dextran, sodium carboxymethyl starch, galactin, methinoresenololose, etinoresenorelose, xanthan gum, arabia gum, casein, agar, polyethylene glycol, diglycerin, glycerin, propylene glycol, vaseline , Paraffin, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, human serum albumin, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, and surfactants acceptable as pharmaceutical additives.
- the above-mentioned additives are selected alone or in an appropriate combination from the above depending on the dosage form of the therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- a purified ER stress-inducing substance is dissolved in a solvent (eg, physiological saline, buffer, glucose solution, etc.), and Tween80, Tween 20, gelatin, human serum is added thereto.
- a dosage form that dissolves before use It may be freeze-dried to make it.
- lyophilization excipient for example, sugar alcohols such as mannitol and glucose and sugars can be used.
- the dose is 0.01 to 10 wg / ml, preferably 0.1 to 1 g / ml.
- synovial tissues of 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 5 patients with osteoarthritis were examined.
- the study was performed using the immunostaining method using a monoclonal antibody against Synoviolin.
- the method is as follows.
- the paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue was embedded in paraffin, sliced to a thickness of 4 micrometers, and fixed to a preparation. Paraffin was removed from the adhered sections using xylene, and permeated with methanol containing 3% hydrogen peroxide at room temperature to inactivate endogenous peroxidase. After washing with phosphate buffer, the non-specific reaction was inhibited by the blocking reagent contained in the VECTASTAIN® ABC (peroxidase) kit from Vexstatin, and diluted to 1 g / ml with phosphate buffer. The sections were reacted with anti-Synoviolin monoclonal antibody for 1 hour at room temperature.
- VECTASTAIN® ABC peroxidase
- Western blotting involves seeding 300,000 cultured synovial cells into a 60-mm culture dish and 24 hours later using a protein extraction buffer containing 50 mM Tris base, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 1%, 1 g / ml PMSF. Extract did. To this was added SDS sample buffer, denatured at 100 ° C for 5 minutes, and separated by 10% acrylamide gel. The separated proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane with a current of 250 mA for 2 hours. The membrane was blocked for 1 hour at room temperature with TBST mixed with 5% skim milk.
- An antigen-antibody reaction was performed on the membrane at room temperature for 1 hour using anti-Synoviolin diluted to O.lg / ml with TBST mixed with 0.5% skim milk. After washing with TBST, it was reacted with a secondary antibody, anti-mouse HRP antibody, and detected by chemifluorescence.
- synoviolin expression was significantly enhanced in synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovium compared to osteoarthritis synovium (Fig. 1), indicating that Synoviolin-dependent increase in ERAD was demonstrated.
- Fig. 1 synoviolin is more strongly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue (RA: upper row) than in osteoarthritis synovial tissue (OA: lower row).
- Increased expression of Synoviolin in RA synovial cells was also confirmed by Western blotting using cultured cells ( Figure 2).
- Example 1 showed that the expression of Synoviolin in synovial cells was extremely enhanced in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. However, it is not clear whether suppressing synoviolin-dependent ERAD function, which is enhanced in rheumatoid arthritis, can suppress the proliferation of synovial cells in human rheumatoid arthritis.
- apoptosis caused by inducing ER stress was investigated using tunicamycin, an ER inducer. At that time, a study was also performed using synovial cells treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the Synoviolin gene.
- siRNA small interfering RNA
- 2,500 synovial cells were seeded in Nunc's 8 well Lab-tek chamber, cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ° C for 24 hours, and 67 nM siRNA was transfected with Mini's transfection reagent TransIT. -Transduced into synovial cells using TKO. Furthermore, after culturing for 48 hours in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ° C, 50 g / ml of tsuyurimycin was added, and culturing was performed for 48 hours in the same manner. Thereafter, the cells were fixed, and DNA staining was performed with Hoechst33258 to confirm nuclear aggregation.
- apoptosis was induced by synergistic cells in synovial cells, and the induction of apoptosis was enhanced by the combined use of siRNA (Fig. 3B).
- the rheumatoid arthritis synovium of humans is resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress, and by activating that signal, it is possible to inhibit synovial cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.
- synovial cells especially rheumatoid synovial cells, are resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by ER stress-induced apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells. It examined using the agent. The experiment was performed as follows.
- rheumatoid synovial cells, osteoarthritic synovial cells, HeLa cells, and HEK293 cells were seeded into Falcon's 96-well flat-bottom plate at a rate of 3000 cells, and 24 hours later, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, tunicamycin ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ g / ml), thapsigargin (l / lO / iM), and brefeldin A (10 or 100 ⁇ g / ml) for 48 hours to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis.
- tunicamycin ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ g / ml
- thapsigargin l / lO / iM
- brefeldin A 10 or 100 ⁇ g / ml
- the experiment was performed as follows. Rheumatoid synovial cells (RA: 5 cases) and osteoarthritic synovial cells (OA: 5 cases) were treated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, tunicamycin, for 24 hours. We examined whether cells were resistant to endoplasmic reticulum stress. At a concentration of 10, 30, or 100 g / ml, cicamycin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. The apoptosis was quantified using ssDN A apoptosis ELIS A kit from Cemicon.
- the experiment was performed as follows. That is, knee joints of Synoviolin wild-type mice and hetero-deficient mice having collagen-induced arthritis were collected. After fixing with a 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 4 hours, paraffin-embedded ones were sliced to a thickness of 4 micrometer and fixed on a slide. After deparaffinization, expression of ATF6 (activating transcriptional factor 6), which accumulates in cell nuclei in the presence of endoplasmic reticulum stress, was examined.
- ATF6 activating transcriptional factor 6
- An anti-ATF6 goat polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz) and a normal goat IgG (Dako) were reacted at a concentration of O.OOlmg / ml, respectively, using the Vector vectastain kit and diaminobenzidine coloring system. Immunohistological staining was performed.
- Example 5 showed that Synoviolin has a function of inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by arthritis.
- studies using mice revealed that enhanced ERAD is involved in synovial cell proliferation.
- enhanced ERAD can also act as an effective mechanism for synovial cell proliferation in human rheumatoid synovial tissue.
- paraffin-embedded ones were sliced to a thickness of 4 micrometer and fixed on a slide.
- ATF6 activating transcriptional factor 6
- Anti-ATF6 goat polyclonal antibody Santa Cruz
- normal goat IgG Dako
- a therapeutic agent for an autoimmune disease is provided.
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention is useful, for example, as a therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis. Sequence listing free text
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Synthetic RA
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EP04772378A EP1666065A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-23 | Therapeutic agent for autoimmune disease |
US10/568,823 US20070244060A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-23 | Therapeutic Agent for Autoimmune Disease |
JP2005513381A JPWO2005018675A1 (ja) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-23 | 自己免疫疾患治療剤 |
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PCT/JP2004/012422 WO2005018675A1 (ja) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-23 | 自己免疫疾患治療剤 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070244060A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1666065A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005018675A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005018675A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005089800A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-29 | Locomogene, Inc. | hsHRD3を含む医薬組成物 |
WO2006135109A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-21 | Locomogene, Inc. | シノビオリンのホモオリゴマー形成阻害を利用した増殖性疾患治療法 |
WO2007072977A1 (ja) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-28 | Locomogene, Inc. | アレルギー性疾患用医薬組成物 |
JP2014039516A (ja) * | 2012-08-23 | 2014-03-06 | Kagoshima Univ | シノビオリンプロモーターを含む増殖制御型ウイルスベクター |
WO2014104224A1 (ja) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Nakajima Toshihiro | PGC-1β蛋白質の機能調整剤,ミトコンドリア機能の調節剤,抗肥満剤及びそれらスクリーニング方法 |
WO2014103863A1 (ja) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Nakajima Toshihiro | 肥満症の予防及び治療作用を有する化合物のスクリーニング方法 |
JP2023522963A (ja) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-06-01 | コーネル ユニヴァーシティー | 炎症性疾患を治療するためのパルミトイル化/脱パルミトイル化サイクルの標的化 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA3200914A1 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-09 | Vidyanath CHAUDHARY | Methods for treating autoimmune diseases |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002052007A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | Locomogene, Inc. | Proteine de cellule de membrane synoviale |
-
2004
- 2004-08-23 US US10/568,823 patent/US20070244060A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-23 JP JP2005513381A patent/JPWO2005018675A1/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2004-08-23 EP EP04772378A patent/EP1666065A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-08-23 WO PCT/JP2004/012422 patent/WO2005018675A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002052007A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-04 | Locomogene, Inc. | Proteine de cellule de membrane synoviale |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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HAGIYAMA H. ET AL.: "Kansetsu rheumatism to apoptosis", IGAKU NO AYUMI, vol. 205, no. 10, 7 June 2003 (2003-06-07), pages 763 - 767, XP002985671 * |
KANEKO M. ET AL.: "Human HRD1 protects against ER stress-induced apoptosis thourgh ER-associated degradation", FEBS LETT., vol. 532, no. 1-2, 4 December 2002 (2002-12-04), pages 147 - 152, XP004395360 * |
KATAYAMA Y. ET AL.: "Shohotai stress to apoptosis", EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 19, no. 13, 2001, pages 1695 - 1702, XP002985670 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005089800A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-29 | Locomogene, Inc. | hsHRD3を含む医薬組成物 |
WO2006135109A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-21 | Locomogene, Inc. | シノビオリンのホモオリゴマー形成阻害を利用した増殖性疾患治療法 |
WO2007072977A1 (ja) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-28 | Locomogene, Inc. | アレルギー性疾患用医薬組成物 |
JP2014039516A (ja) * | 2012-08-23 | 2014-03-06 | Kagoshima Univ | シノビオリンプロモーターを含む増殖制御型ウイルスベクター |
WO2014104224A1 (ja) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Nakajima Toshihiro | PGC-1β蛋白質の機能調整剤,ミトコンドリア機能の調節剤,抗肥満剤及びそれらスクリーニング方法 |
WO2014103863A1 (ja) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Nakajima Toshihiro | 肥満症の予防及び治療作用を有する化合物のスクリーニング方法 |
JP2023522963A (ja) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-06-01 | コーネル ユニヴァーシティー | 炎症性疾患を治療するためのパルミトイル化/脱パルミトイル化サイクルの標的化 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070244060A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
JPWO2005018675A1 (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
EP1666065A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
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