WO2004107019A1 - Anordnung zur räumlichen darstellung - Google Patents
Anordnung zur räumlichen darstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004107019A1 WO2004107019A1 PCT/EP2004/005661 EP2004005661W WO2004107019A1 WO 2004107019 A1 WO2004107019 A1 WO 2004107019A1 EP 2004005661 W EP2004005661 W EP 2004005661W WO 2004107019 A1 WO2004107019 A1 WO 2004107019A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical imaging
- grid
- views
- elements
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- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/356—Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
- H04N13/359—Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
Definitions
- the invention relates to arrangements for three-dimensional representation, in particular to those in which one or more viewers can experience a spatial impression without aids such as glasses.
- Some of these methods are based on the principle of optically reproducing several different perspective views at the same time, but by means of suitable measures, however, only making one or more of these perspective views visible to each eye of a viewer separately, as a result of which a parallactic effect is created which allows the viewer spatial perception.
- EP 0791 847 describes an arrangement in which autostereoscopic representations are generated using a conventional RGB-LC display in conjunction with inclined lenticulars, with moire patterns being produced in principle.
- this publication proposes that the wavelength filters assigned to the subpixels be used in a different configuration. to arrange guration.
- a changing intervention in proven embodiments and production processes is required, which would be associated with too much effort in view of the industrial large-scale production of the customary RGB LC displays.
- the effect of the measure proposed here does not extend to eliminating the disadvantages in the case of two-dimensional representations, so that a consistently high image quality is not guaranteed when a representation is switched from autostereoscopic to two-dimensional.
- the aforementioned document is an arrangement in which lenses are used to generate the autosteroscopic display.
- JP 1 0333090 it is proposed to use colored illumination and wavelength filters to select the direction of the light emanating from the perspective views.
- an optical filter is provided, which is intended to reduce the amount of light in predetermined wavelength ranges.
- the procedure described here is a two-channel procedure, based on only two perspective views, one of which is offered to the viewer's eye for perception.
- the width of a filter element or the width of a lighting element corresponds approximately to twice the width of a subpixel in an LC display. From this it follows inevitably that conventional LC displays cannot be used to generate the structured illumination, since an RGBRGBRGB ... color structure of the subpixels is specified in these displays.
- JP 81 63605 again describes an arrangement in which two perspective views are used. The pixels on which the views are displayed are clearly only visible to one of the viewer's two eyes. To select the direction of the light emanating from the pixels, strip-shaped wavelength filters are arranged in front of a display or in front of a strip-shaped RGB lighting element.
- a separate transparent opaque barrier with a wavelength filter corresponds for the purpose of directional selection.
- the transparent areas of the barrier or the translucent areas of the wavelength filter are either slit or circular.
- JP 81 46346 which uses a two-channel method with stripe-shaped, vertical wavelength filters for the directional assignment of the two perspective views, the disadvantages described also occur.
- No. 5,568,331 describes an improvement of lenticular screens for the SD display in such a way that a kind of additional barrier, which extends over the entire back of the lens, is attached. A striped image is placed under the 3D representation.
- the disadvantage here is that the greater brightness when imaging lenticulars compared to those with a barrier is nullified due to the additional barrier which extends over the full back of the lenticulars.
- WO 01/56526 by the applicant describes a method for spatial representation in which a spatial representation is achieved by means of a wavelength filter array, in special configurations also using a grayscale filter array, by virtue of the defined specification of light propagation directions for light of different picture elements. Each viewer's eye sees mostly part of the image information of a certain selection from the displayed views. Description of the invention
- the object of the invention is to achieve an autostereoscopic display with improved visibility, in particular also good brightness, with a few optical assemblies.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement for the spatial representation of a scene / an object with an image display device on which a large number of individual image elements ⁇ ij are made visible simultaneously in a grid of rows j and columns i, the image elements ⁇ y partial information from several views A
- the structure plate is preferably located in the viewing direction in front of the image display device, but it can also be arranged behind it.
- the structure plate used in the process it is achieved in particular that, due to the partial use of lenses or cylindrical lenses or prisms, an increased brightness of the perceived spatial image is achieved compared to, for example, pure barrier processes. In this respect, at least partially or grayscale filters are used, a very sharp 3D image is again generated.
- the combination of lenses (preferably cylindrical lenses) and color or grayscale filters on the structure plate represents, so to speak, the synthesis from the well-known 3D representation based on lenticulars and filter elements.
- the first selection can only include view 1 and the second selection can only include view 3; then a viewer would see only partial information of view 1 with one eye and only partial information of view 3 with the other eye (and experience a spatial impression).
- the first selection can include view 1 (two thirds) and simultaneously view 2 (one third), while the second selection includes view 3 (two thirds) and view 4 (one Third). Then a viewer would see partial information from view 1 (two thirds) and view 2 (one third) with one eye and partial information from view 3 (two thirds) and view 4 (one third) with the other eye (and also experience a spatial impression).
- - p the index of an optical imaging element ß pq in a row of the grid on the structure plate
- q the index of an optical imaging element ß pq in a column of the grid on the structure plate
- b an integer which is for an optical imaging element ß pq at the position p
- q specifies the type of optical imaging ⁇ b and can have values between 1 and b max , n m an integer value greater than “zero”, which preferably corresponds to the total number k of views Ak shown in the combination image, d pq a selectable mask coefficient matrix for variation the arrangement of the optical imaging elements ß pq on the structure plate and
- ⁇ i correspond to a red filter
- ⁇ 2 correspond to a green filter
- ⁇ 3 correspond to a blue filter
- ⁇ correspond to a blue filter visible light essentially opaque (non-transparent) filter
- ⁇ s corresponds to the image through a cylindrical lens.
- the area of an optical imaging element ß pq is usually a few tens of thousands of square micrometers to a few square millimeters.
- the cylindrical lenses have a focal length such that the grid with picture elements lies approximately in the focal plane.
- a lens or cylindrical lens is horizontally extended over the size of several picture elements ⁇ y is even more favorable for the 3D representation.
- This fact is also completely and unambiguously contained in the above-mentioned equation for structuring the optical imaging elements ⁇ pq on the structure plate.
- a cylindrical lens is segmented and each lens segment corresponds to a separate type of optical imaging ⁇ b.
- a cylindrical lens extended over approximately three horizontally adjacent picture elements ⁇ y would, for example, be broken down into three segments and three different types of optical imaging ⁇ x , ⁇ x + ⁇ and ⁇ x + 2 would be attributed to the three different segments.
- cylindrical lens segments should of course always be arranged next to one another in the order that corresponds to a natural cylindrical lens, i.e. in the case of three lens segments, the left lens segment and is located to the left of the central segment to the right of the middle segment is the right segment.
- the left lens segment and is located to the left of the central segment to the right of the middle segment is the right segment.
- each optical imaging element ⁇ pq When viewed with respect to the plane of rows q and columns p, each optical imaging element ⁇ pq has an essentially polygonal, preferably rectangular, circumference.
- the distance z between the side of the structure plate facing the grid of picture elements ⁇ y and the grid of picture elements ⁇ y, measured in the viewing direction, corresponds for example to about 0 mm to 25 mm. Other distances z are possible.
- the substrate of a cylindrical lens of the structure plate can rest directly on the image display device.
- the types ⁇ b of optical imaging elements ⁇ pq preferably alternate in the grid of rows q and columns p in rows and / or columns or within the rows or columns.
- a color LC display, a plasma display, an O-LED display, an LED display, a front or rear projection display, an ELD display or a laser-illuminated display can be provided as the image display device.
- Different types of image display devices are of course also conceivable.
- At least two optical imaging elements ⁇ pq also have a displacement path in relation to one another in the direction of the rows q and / or columns p with respect to one another that is not an integral multiple of the height of the rows q or the width of the columns p ,
- optical imaging elements ⁇ pq on the structure plate are designed as holographic optical elements (HOE).
- the structure plate can also be designed to be removable from the image display device. Removing the structure plate from the image display device is particularly advantageous when purely two-dimensional image information or text is to be displayed.
- the acceptance or re-application of the structure turplatte on the image display device corresponds to a form of switching 2D-3D and vice versa.
- the scope of the invention also includes a method for producing a structure plate for use in arrangements according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
- An alternative method for producing a structural plate comprises the following steps:
- a lenticular screen which on a number of partial areas does not have a lens surface but a flat surface
- - Exposing and developing a photographic film which subsequently acts as a filter array and has approximately the dimensions of the lenticular screen, with the filter array at the corresponding locations on the Lenticular screens with a non-planar surface are arranged essentially transparent filters for visible light, - Aligning each other and laminating the filter array to the substrate side of the lenticular screen.
- the first two steps of the manufacturing process mentioned above may also be interchangeable.
- the printing of a filter array structure can alternatively be on the substrate side of the lenticular screen. It is also possible to construct the structure plate in multiple layers.
- Fig la is a schematic diagram for designing a structure plate in the inventive
- FIG. 1 b a schematic diagram for the arrangement of different types ⁇ b of optical imaging elements ß pq on the structure plate according to F ⁇ g.1 a
- FIG. 4 shows a further view example for another viewer based on the conditions according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram for the design of a second structure plate in arrangements according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic perspective of a further embodiment of a structure plate for arrangements according to the invention.
- the drawings are generally not to scale. They are also cutouts
- a 1 5.1 "LCD of the LG type with a full-color pixel pitch of 0.3 mm is provided as the image reproduction device.
- FIG. 1 a shows a basic sketch for the design of a structure plate in arrangements according to the invention, the structure plate containing a large number of optical imaging elements ß pq arranged in a grid of rows q and columns p for specifying said propagation directions and the following types ⁇ b of optical imaging elements mentioned below ß pq simultaneously on the structure plate come: wavelength filter (T, S) and cylindrical lens (L).
- T means essentially transparent wavelength filters for visible light
- S opaque wavelength filters.
- L stands for cylindrical lenses, the extent of which, for example, horizontally is about 8 times as long as that of a wavelength filter. This is indicated by the edges of the lenses (L).
- Fig. 1b a schematic diagram for the arrangement of different types ⁇ b of optical imaging elements ß pq on the structure plate according to Fig.la is shown.
- ⁇ ] corresponds to the image using an opaque wavelength filter
- ⁇ 2 the image by means of wavelength filters that are transparent to the visible light
- ⁇ 3 - ⁇ io each have cylindrical lens sections of equal width, which are created in the order from left to right if a cylindrical lens made of PMMA (refractive index approx.
- p the index of an optical imaging element ß pq in a row of the grid on the structure plate
- - q the index of an optical imaging element ß pq in a column of the grid on the structure plate
- b an integer, which is for an optical imaging element ß pq at the position p
- a k corresponds to d pq of a selectable mask coefficient matrix for varying the arrangement of the optical imaging elements ß pq on the structure plate and IntegerPart of a function for generating the largest integer that does not exceed the argument in square brackets.
- each optical imaging element ⁇ pq When viewed with respect to the plane of rows q and columns p, each optical imaging element ⁇ pq has an essentially polygonal, preferably rectangular, circumference, which is, for example, approximately 0.1 mm wide and 0.3 mm high. Width and Height are preferably multiplied by a correction factor 0.95 ⁇ f ⁇ l.
- a matrix d pq corresponding to FIG. 1b can be specified.
- the distance z between the side of the structure plate facing the grid of picture elements ⁇ y and the grid of picture elements ⁇ y, measured in the viewing direction, corresponds, for example, to about 1 to 2 mm.
- a corresponding matrix cy can be specified.
- FIG. 3 the picture elements that are visible in the three divisible lines j are shown on the basis of the lenses L, while the other lines are partially visible or invisible due to the imaging using the wavelength filter.
- the viewer's eye at the corresponding position was, for example, almost exclusively aware of image information in view 7 and to a small extent also in view 6
- FIG. 4 For another eye position, the possible visual conditions are shown in FIG. 4.
- the observer's eye became for example, only see partial information in view 8
- the lenses cause a visual enlargement of the image information shown, so that — depending on the shape of the lenses — several visible pixels shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in lines j reproduce the exact same image content, because they correspond to the lens image of one or fewer picture elements ⁇ , j
- FIG. 5 shows, as a second example, a schematic diagram for the design of a structure plate in arrangements according to the invention, the structure plate containing a large number of optical imaging elements ⁇ pq arranged in a grid of rows q and columns p for specifying said directions of propagation and the following below mentioned types ⁇ b of optical imaging elements ß pq occur simultaneously on the structure plate: wavelength filter (T, S) and cylindrical lens (L).
- T again means essentially transparent wavelength filters for visible light, and "S” opaque wavelength filters.
- the abbreviation "L” stands for cylindrical lenses, the horizontal extension of which is again about 8 times as long as that of a wavelength filter. This is indicated by the edges of the lenses (L).
- the axis of symmetry of all cylindrical lenses (L) runs vertically; not every lens (L) is completely shown in Fig.5.
- FIG. 7 also gives a schematic perspective of a further configuration of a structure plate for arrangements according to the invention. It is a section of a structure plate that is intended to clearly illustrate its possible structure. For the sake of clarity, the different lines are shown separately from each other.
- the invention improves the perceptibility in a 3D representation on the basis of several views of a scene / an object. Good brightness of the 3D image is also achieved.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112004000765T DE112004000765D2 (de) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-05-26 | Anordnung zur räumlichen Darstellung |
AU2004243931A AU2004243931B2 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-05-26 | Spatial representation assembly |
US10/558,855 US8120646B2 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-05-26 | Spatial representation assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10325146A DE10325146A1 (de) | 2003-05-30 | 2003-05-30 | Verfahren und Anordnung zur räumlichen Darstellung |
DE10325146.4 | 2003-05-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004107019A1 true WO2004107019A1 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
Family
ID=33441566
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/005661 WO2004107019A1 (de) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-05-26 | Anordnung zur räumlichen darstellung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8120646B2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2004243931B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10325146A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004107019A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102007029203A1 (de) | 2007-06-25 | 2009-01-08 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Sicherheitselement |
DE102007029204A1 (de) * | 2007-06-25 | 2009-01-08 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Sicherheitselement |
DE102007049238A1 (de) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Visumotion Gmbh | Anordnung zur räumlichen Darstellung |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8120646B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 |
US20060256435A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
AU2004243931B2 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
DE10325146A1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
DE112004000765D2 (de) | 2006-03-16 |
AU2004243931A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
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