WO2004099584A1 - 副室式ガス機関の燃焼室構造及び副室式ガス機関 - Google Patents
副室式ガス機関の燃焼室構造及び副室式ガス機関 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004099584A1 WO2004099584A1 PCT/JP2004/006215 JP2004006215W WO2004099584A1 WO 2004099584 A1 WO2004099584 A1 WO 2004099584A1 JP 2004006215 W JP2004006215 W JP 2004006215W WO 2004099584 A1 WO2004099584 A1 WO 2004099584A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sub
- combustion chamber
- chamber
- fuel supply
- gas
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
- F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
- F02B19/108—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0248—Injectors
- F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/023—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
- F02D19/024—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Definitions
- Combustion chamber structure of sub-chamber gas engine and sub-chamber gas engine is Combustion chamber structure of sub-chamber gas engine and sub-chamber gas engine
- the present invention relates to a sub-chamber gas engine used as a drive source for a GHP (Gas Heat Pump), a generator, and the like, and a combustion chamber structure of the sub-chamber gas engine.
- GHP Gas Heat Pump
- generator a generator
- combustion chamber structure of the sub-chamber gas engine.
- a subchamber gas engine (hereinafter referred to as a subchamber gas engine) that uses natural gas, propane gas, or the like as a fuel and is used as a drive source for a GHP or a generator has been known.
- This sub-chamber type gas engine has a main combustion chamber (hereinafter referred to as a main chamber) and a sub-combustion chamber (hereinafter referred to as a sub-chamber) as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-471656.
- a high-concentration fuel gas (for example, a fuel gas having a concentration of 100%) is supplied to the sub-chamber, while an ultra-lean mixture, which is a low-concentration air-fuel mixture, is supplied to the main chamber.
- the fuel gas in the sub-chamber is burned by the ignition of a spark plug facing the chamber, and the flame is propagated to the ultra-lean mixture in the main chamber to perform the expansion stroke.
- the sub-chamber generally comprises a substantially cylindrical space as disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, and a throat and a nozzle for propagating the flame generated in the sub-chamber to the main chamber. Is in communication with The throat is formed by a small-diameter passage extending from the sub chamber toward the main chamber.
- the boiler is formed as a plurality of passages for radially injecting the flame propagating through the throat into the main room in multiple directions. With this, the flame spreads widely in the main room! : Propagation at high speeds, resulting in ignition stability and rapid combustion, enabling ultra-lean combustion to be achieved.
- the conventional sub-chamber gas engine has the following problems (1) and (2). At present, sufficient measures have not been taken to address these issues.
- the combustion speed of the flame (also called torch combustion) generated in the sub-chamber is extremely rapid.
- the ignition timing of the spark plug is set to the combustion TDC (Top Dead Center). It must be close, that is, the ignition timing retard margin is small, and the ignition advance is actually less than 10 °. Therefore, the ignition timing of the ignition plug is set at a time when the internal pressures of the main chamber and the sub-chamber increase considerably, so that a voltage value required to ignite the spark plug becomes high. This is because the air-fuel mixture density at the time of ignition is high, and in this state, a very high voltage is required to cause insulation breakdown between the electrodes of the spark plug and ignite. As a result, there is a possibility that the wear of the electrodes may progress rapidly, which may cause a misfire.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object thereof is to provide a combustion chamber structure and a sub-chamber type gas engine capable of extending the life of a spark plug with respect to a sub-chamber type gas engine. To provide a gas engine. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention aims at optimizing the shape of a sub-combustion chamber of a sub-chamber type gas engine and appropriately setting the direction of supply of fuel gas for the sub-chamber into the sub-combustion chamber. This allows the temperature and pressure in the sub-combustion chamber to be kept low without requiring any special control operation, and also allows a large ignition advance to be obtained, thus enabling a spark plug (ignition plug). The voltage value required for ignition of the ignition plug is lowered, thereby extending the life of the spark plug.
- the combustion chamber structure of the sub-chamber type gas engine of the present invention specifically has a main combustion chamber formed in a cylinder, a sub-combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, and a face of the sub-combustion chamber.
- a fuel supply valve for supplying a fuel gas for the sub-chamber to the sub-combustion chamber, and a fuel supply passage for guiding the fuel gas for the sub-chamber from the fuel supply valve to the sub-combustion chamber.
- a sub-chamber that supplies fuel gas for the sub-chamber to the sub-combustion chamber via the fuel supply path and ignites the spark plug propagates the flame from the sub-combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber to perform the expansion stroke. It is assumed that a combustion chamber structure is used in a gas engine.
- the sub-combustion chamber is formed by a concave part whose one end is open to the main combustion chamber.
- the ratio of the total volume of the sub combustion chamber and the fuel supply passage to the total volume of the main combustion chamber, the sub combustion chamber and the fuel supply passage when the piston in the cylinder is at the top dead center is 1.5. It is set to ⁇ 2.6%.
- the sub-chamber volume ratio When the above-mentioned volume ratio (hereinafter referred to as the sub-chamber volume ratio) is less than 1.5, the combustion fluctuation rate rapidly increases as the sub-chamber volume ratio becomes smaller.
- the sub-chamber volume ratio exceeds 2.6 the NO X generation increases rapidly as the sub-chamber volume ratio increases (see Fig. 3). From these facts, by setting the sub-chamber volume ratio in the range of 1.5 to 2.6%, a sub-chamber engine that can achieve both suppression of combustion fluctuation rate and low NOX is realized. it can.
- the ignition advance angle must be reduced because the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber is rapidly burned by the injected flame jet.
- the auxiliary combustion chamber according to the present invention is open to the main combustion chamber and there is no high-speed ejection of the flame jet. There is a need to. In other words, by obtaining a large ignition timing retard margin, the ignition timing of the spark plug can be set at a time when the pressure in the sub-combustion chamber is relatively low, so that the voltage value required to ignite the spark plug is reduced. To reduce electrode wear and prevent misfiring. Wear.
- the open type sub-combustion chamber having no throat injection port is employed, so that the flame generated in the sub-combustion chamber at the time of ignition easily propagates to the main combustion chamber side, and the spark plug The period during which the electrode is exposed to a high-temperature, high-pressure environment is extremely short, which can also extend the life of the spark plug.
- a main combustion chamber formed in the cylinder a sub-combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, an ignition plug facing the sub-combustion chamber, and a fuel supply for supplying sub-combustion chamber fuel gas to the sub-combustion chamber
- a valve and a fuel supply passage for guiding the sub-chamber fuel gas from the fuel supply valve to the sub-combustion chamber.
- the fuel supply valve supplies the sub-combustion chamber fuel gas to the sub-combustion chamber via the fuel supply passage.
- the sub-combustion chamber is formed by a substantially cylindrical bottomed concave portion having one end open to the main combustion chamber.
- the ratio of the depth dimension (L) to the inner diameter (D) of the sub-combustion chamber is set to 0.9 to: 1.5.
- LZD When the above ratio (hereinafter, referred to as “LZD”) falls below 0.9, the combustion fluctuation rate increases rapidly as the “LZD” decreases. Also, when “LZD” exceeds 1.5, as “LZD” increases, the combustion fluctuation rate increases rapidly and the thermal efficiency also decreases rapidly (see Figure 4). Further, by setting “L ZD” within the above range, a fuel gas of an appropriate concentration can be present only in the vicinity of the spark plug, and stable engine rotation can be obtained.
- the ignition advance angle is reduced because the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber is rapidly burned by the extruded flame jet.
- the auxiliary combustion chamber according to the present invention is open to the main combustion chamber and does not emit high-speed flame jets. The corners need to be large. In other words, the point of ignition Even if the spark advance is made larger than the conventional one, it is possible to obtain stable engine rotation in which knocking does not easily occur. Therefore, even with the present solution, a large ignition timing retard margin can be obtained, and the spark plug can be ignited at a time when the pressure in the sub-combustion chamber is relatively low.
- the required voltage value can be reduced, so that electrode wear can be suppressed and misfire can be prevented. Also, in the present invention, since the conventional open-type sub-combustion chamber having no throat opening is employed, the flame generated in the sub-combustion chamber at the time of ignition easily propagates to the main combustion chamber side, and the spark plug The period during which the electrode is exposed to a high-temperature, high-pressure environment is extremely short, and this can also prolong the life of the spark plug.
- a main combustion chamber formed in the cylinder a sub-combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, an ignition plug facing the sub-combustion chamber, and a fuel supply valve for supplying a sub-chamber fuel gas to the sub-combustion chamber.
- a fuel supply passage for guiding the sub-chamber fuel gas from the fuel supply valve to the sub-combustion chamber; and supplying the sub-chamber fuel gas from the fuel supply valve to the sub-combustion chamber via the fuel supply passage to ignite the spark plug.
- the sub-combustion chamber is formed by a substantially cylindrical concave portion having one end open to the main combustion chamber.
- the ratio of the total volume of the sub-combustion chamber and the fuel supply path to the total volume of the main combustion chamber, the sub-combustion chamber, and the fuel supply path when the piston in the cylinder is at the top dead center is 1. It is set to 5-2.6%.
- the ratio of the depth dimension to the inner diameter of the sub-combustion chamber is set to 0.9 to 1.5.
- a sub-chamber gas engine having a combustion chamber structure according to each of the above-described solutions is also included in the technical concept of the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to any one of the above solutions.
- a sub-chamber gas engine having a combustion chamber structure comprising: supplying a sub-chamber fuel gas from the fuel supply valve to a sub-combustion chamber via a fuel supply path to ignite a spark plug; It is configured to propagate from the sub combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber to perform the expansion stroke.
- a main combustion chamber formed in the cylinder, a sub-combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, an ignition plug facing the sub-combustion chamber, a fuel supply valve for supplying a sub-combustion chamber fuel gas to the sub-combustion chamber, A fuel supply passage for guiding the fuel gas for the sub-chamber from the fuel supply valve to the sub-combustion chamber; and supplying the fuel gas for the sub-chamber to the sub-combustion chamber via the fuel supply passage from the fuel supply valve to ignite the ignition plug.
- a sub-chamber type gas engine that performs the expansion process by propagating the flame generated by the combustion from the sub-combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber.
- the above-mentioned sub-combustion chamber is formed by a concave portion having one end open to the main combustion chamber.
- the direction in which the sub-chamber fuel gas is supplied into the sub-combustion chamber is set so that the direct and vertical movement distance of the sub-chamber fuel gas in the sub-combustion chamber space is the longest.
- the fuel gas for the sub-chamber supplied from the fuel supply valve to the sub-combustion chamber via the fuel supply path is ejected from the fuel supply path into the sub-combustion chamber, and then the axis of the blowing direction (for example, fuel (Substantially coincides with the axial direction of the supply passage) in the sub-combustion chamber space.
- the compression stroke starts in the sub-chamber gas engine, and the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. With the movement of the piston, part of the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber flows from the main combustion chamber into the sub-combustion chamber.
- the sub-chamber fuel gas since the supply direction of the sub-chamber fuel gas is set in the direction in which the linear movement distance of the sub-chamber fuel gas in the sub-combustion chamber space becomes longest, the sub-chamber fuel gas is Before reaching the inner wall surface or changing the flow direction of the sub-chamber fuel gas due to the influence of the sub-combustion chamber wall surface (directivity changes from the above blowing direction to the other direction), It is possible to start the operation of flowing a part of the air-fuel mixture into the sub-combustion chamber.
- the fuel gas for the sub-chamber in the sub-combustion chamber is pushed toward the vicinity of the fire hydrant by the lean air-fuel mixture flowing into the sub-combustion chamber, and the fuel gas for the sub-chamber is mixed with the lean air-fuel mixture.
- These two types of gases are moderately agitated at and around the boundary.
- the directivity of the blow-off is in a certain direction (the direction of the blow-out from the fuel supply path) (the directivity of the blow-out is not changed).
- the gas is appropriately stirred at and around the boundary.
- the high-concentration state by the above-mentioned pushing of the sub-chamber fuel gas is maintained, and as the distance from this ignition point increases, the sub-chamber fuel gas
- the mixture ratio of the lean mixture with respect to the gas gradually increases (the fuel gas concentration gradually decreases). Since ignition of the spark plug is performed in this state, the initial combustion (ignition) near the spark plug is performed favorably due to the presence of the high-concentration fuel gas for the sub-chamber, and from the sub-combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber.
- the flame can be smoothly propagated by the mixture gradually decreasing in concentration.
- the ignition plug may not be uniform if the gas concentration becomes uniform throughout the sub-combustion chamber. Insufficient gas concentration near the ignition point will cause ignitability problems and combustion will be unstable. Conversely, if the high-concentration region of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber around the spark plug is large, the gas concentration is too low in other regions, and the flame propagation will deteriorate. In this case, there are also concerns about problems such as generation of soot and smoking of the spark plug.
- the fuel gas for the sub-chamber is pushed into the vicinity of the ignition plug and the lean mixture with the fuel gas for the sub-chamber is appropriately stirred and mixed, and the gas in a relatively narrow region only around the ignition point of the ignition plug is obtained.
- the gas concentration can be increased, and the gas concentration can be set gradually lower as the distance from the ignition point increases. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pressure and temperature in the sub-combustion chamber from excessively rising immediately after ignition, and to obtain good ignitability and flame propagation.
- the direction for supplying the sub-chamber fuel gas into the sub-combustion chamber is set so that the linear movement distance of the sub-chamber fuel gas in the sub-combustion chamber space becomes the longest.
- the configuration is as follows.
- the sub-combustion chamber is formed by a concave portion having a substantially square longitudinal section.
- the opening position of the fuel supply passage with respect to the sub-combustion chamber is set at the upper end corner of the above-described substantially rectangular cross section.
- the supply direction of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber toward the sub-combustion chamber is substantially the same as that of connecting the upper-end corner portion and the lower-end edge portion on the open side of the sub-combustion chamber that is diagonal to the upper end corner portion. It is set in the direction along the diagonal of the square cross section.
- part of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber supplied to the sub-combustion chamber stops in the sub-combustion chamber, and the fuel gas for the other sub-chamber is It will be in a state of flowing out of the sub combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber.
- the fuel gas for the sub-chamber flowing into the main combustion chamber is diluted in the cylinder.
- the mixture flows from the main combustion chamber to the sub-combustion chamber while being stirred and mixed with the mixture. Due to this inflow, the fuel gas for the sub-chamber which has stopped in the sub-combustion chamber is pushed toward the vicinity of the spark plug.
- a throttle is provided to reduce the cross-sectional area of a plane perpendicular to the direction of flame propagation from the sub-combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber. According to this, it is possible to prevent the sub-chamber fuel gas, which is supplied toward the sub-combustion chamber and stops in the sub-combustion chamber, from flowing out to the main combustion chamber by the throttle portion. For this reason, the amount of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber can be sufficiently secured, and the high concentration state of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber in the local region near the ignition point of the spark plug can be reliably maintained to ignite. Good properties can be obtained.
- the following is listed as a configuration that enables the mixed gas of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber and the lean air-fuel mixture flowing out from the sub-combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber to be smoothly returned to the sub-combustion chamber. .
- an enlarged portion that enlarges the cross-sectional area of a plane perpendicular to the direction of flame propagation from the sub-combustion chamber to the main combustion chamber.
- the gas from the main combustion chamber to the sub-combustion chamber accompanying the movement of the piston in the compression stroke gas in which the fuel gas for the sub-chamber flowing into the main combustion chamber and the lean mixture are agitated and mixed
- Flow can be smoothly performed, and the mixing ratio of the lean air-fuel mixture with respect to the fuel gas for the sub-chamber gradually increases as the distance from the ignition point of the spark plug increases, and the flame spread Can be satisfactorily secured.
- the following structure is used to ensure good mixing of the mixed gas of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber and the lean air-fuel mixture which has flowed out of the sub-combustion chamber into the main combustion chamber when returning the mixed gas to the sub-combustion chamber smoothly.
- the shape of the opening perpendicular to the flame propagation direction at the open side end of the sub-combustion chamber opening to the main combustion chamber is It is eccentric with respect to the opening shape of the plane orthogonal to the flame propagation direction.
- the mixed gas of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber and the lean air-fuel mixture flowing from the main combustion chamber into the sub-combustion chamber is agitated and mixed as a swirling flow (tumble flow) around the horizontal axis in the sub-combustion chamber.
- the stirring is performed appropriately, and the gas concentration in the sub-combustion chamber can be optimized.
- the specific configuration of the fuel supply valve is as follows. In other words, it opens and closes according to the pressure difference between the back pressure of the built-in valve body and the cylinder internal pressure, and when opened, the fuel supply valve is controlled by an automatic valve that supplies fuel gas for the sub-chamber to the sub-combustion chamber via the fuel supply path. Is composed.
- a special control for supplying the fuel gas for the sub-chamber to the sub-combustion chamber is not required, and a low-cost and highly reliable fuel supply system can be realized.
- this fuel supply valve automated valve that uses the pressure difference as the driving force
- the supply timing of the sub-chamber fuel gas cannot be controlled arbitrarily, and the supply of the sub-chamber fuel gas is not possible. If the time from the start to the ignition of the hydrant becomes longer, most of the sub-chamber fuel gas flows out into the main combustion chamber, and the sub-chamber has a proper concentration of the sub-chamber fuel gas in the sub-combustion chamber. In some cases, it was not possible.
- the ignitability is improved by pushing the fuel gas for the sub-chamber into the vicinity of the ignition plug and stirring and mixing the lean gas mixture with the fuel gas for the sub-chamber.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combustion chamber, a periphery of the combustion chamber, and a fuel supply system of an engine according to a first embodiment of a combustion chamber structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the main chamber, the sub-chamber, and the periphery of the main chamber and the sub-chamber in a state where the piston is at the top dead center in the combustion chamber structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows that the sub-chamber volume ratio in the combustion chamber structure of the present invention is in the range of 1.0 to 3.2%.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are graphs showing experimental results of engine characteristics when changed, where FIG. 7A shows the combustion variation rate of the engine, FIG. 7B shows the thermal efficiency of the engine, and FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing experimental results of engine characteristics when the ratio of the depth dimension to the inner diameter of the subchamber “: LZDJ is changed in the range of 0.6 to 1.8 in the combustion chamber structure of the present invention.
- A shows the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine
- b shows the thermal efficiency of the engine
- c shows the amount of NOx emitted by the engine.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a sub-chamber of an engine and its periphery according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the results of a test of the engine characteristics when the fuel gas for the sub-chamber is supplied in different directions in the second embodiment of the present invention, wherein ( a ) shows the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine, (B) shows the amount of soot generated by the engine, and (c) shows the thermal efficiency of the engine.
- FIG. 7A is a longitudinal sectional view showing the sub-chamber of the engine according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the vicinity thereof, and FIG. It is a figure which shows a shape.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine in the third embodiment of the present invention in the case where the throttle portion is provided in the sub-chamber and in the case where the throttle portion is not provided.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing the sub-chamber of the engine according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention and its periphery
- FIG. 9 (b) is the opening shape at the lower end opening of the sub-chamber and around the electrodes.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the soot generation amount of the engine in the fourth embodiment of the present invention in the case where the enlarged portion is provided in the sub chamber and in the case where the enlarged portion is not provided.
- FIG. 11 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing a sub-chamber of an engine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention and the vicinity thereof, and FIG. It is a figure which shows an opening shape.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine when the opening of the sub-chamber is eccentric and when it is not eccentric in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- combustion chamber according to the present invention is applied to a sub-chamber gas engine having a so-called injector type fuel supply system in which fuel gas is supplied toward the main chamber by an injector provided downstream of the supercharger.
- injector type fuel supply system in which fuel gas is supplied toward the main chamber by an injector provided downstream of the supercharger.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combustion chamber, a periphery of the combustion chamber, and a fuel supply system of the engine.
- a cylinder head 2 is fastened to an upper portion of a cylinder block 1, and a cylinder 11 formed in the cylinder block 1 and a lower surface 2 1 of a cylinder head 2 are formed. The space formed between them is configured as the main room 3.
- FIG. 1 shows a state where the piston 5 inserted into the cylinder 11 is located at the top dead center.
- a space 31 (a so-called squish area) formed between the lower surface 21 of the cylinder head 2 and the top surface 51 of the piston 5 and a central portion of the top surface 51 of the piston 5 are formed.
- the main chamber 3 is constituted by the internal space 32 of the recessed portion 52.
- the cylinder head 2 is provided with an air supply port 22 and an exhaust port 23 communicating with the main chamber 3, and the air supply port 22 has an air supply valve 24 and an exhaust port 2. 3 is provided with exhaust valves 25 respectively.
- a sub-chamber 4 is formed in the center of the lower surface 21 of the cylinder head 2.
- the sub-chamber 4 is cylindrically recessed, and the lower end is open to the main chamber 3. You. The shape of the sub chamber 4 will be described later.
- An automatic check valve 62 as a fuel supply valve and a spark plug 7 as a fire hydrant are disposed above the sub-chamber 4.
- the intake ports 22 are gathered in an intake manifold 8 via an intake pipe 26, and the intake manifold 8 communicates with a supercharger (not shown) via a throttle 9 so that each engine
- An injector (not shown) for supplying fuel gas is provided in each of the intake pipes 26 provided for each cylinder.
- fuel gas is supplied from the injector to the air pressurized by the supercharger, and an ultra-lean mixture that is a low-concentration air-fuel mixture is generated, and the air-fuel mixture is supplied to the air supply port 22. From the main room 3.
- the supply of fuel gas to the sub chamber 4 is performed by the automatic check valve 62 using the diaphragm type regulator 61.
- the diaphragm type regulator 61 has a first pressure chamber 63 having the same pressure as the intake pipe pressure communicating with the intake manifold 8, and a sub-chamber communicating with the fuel gas supply source and the check valve 62.
- a second pressure chamber 64 having the same pressure as the supply gas pressure is partitioned by a diaphragm 65, and a balance spring 66 arranged in an automatic check valve 62 and both pressure chambers 63, 64 are provided.
- the pumping loss of the engine is used as the driving force to supply the fuel gas into the sub chamber 4.
- the automatic check valve 62 and the sub chamber 4 are communicated with each other by the fuel supply passage 68, and only when the automatic check valve 62 is opened by the driving force due to the above-mentioned bombing loss, the 100% concentration
- the fuel gas is supplied from the automatic check valve 62 to the sub chamber 4 via the fuel supply passage 68.
- the sub-chamber 4 is formed of a substantially cylindrical recess.
- the plane shape perpendicular to the flame propagation direction (downward direction in the figure) is formed by a substantially circular recess, and the open shape of the communication part 41 that opens toward the main chamber 3 is also substantially circular. It is. Further, a slight tapered surface 42 is formed at the opening edge of the communication portion 41, and the cross-sectional area is configured to gradually increase toward the main chamber 3 (downward).
- One of the features of this embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 1, the internal space of the cylinder (the space that becomes the main chamber 3), the internal space of the sub-chamber 4, and the fuel supply when the piston 5 is at the top dead center.
- the ratio of the total volume of the internal space of the sub-chamber 4 and the internal space of the fuel supply channel 68 to the total volume of the internal space of the passage 68 is set to 1.5 to 2.6%. It is in.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the main chamber 3 and the sub-chamber 4 and their surroundings in a state where the piston 5 is at the top dead center.
- the cylinder ⁇ space (the space that becomes the main chamber 3) is hatched, while the internal space of the sub chamber 4 and the internal space of the fuel supply passage 68 are painted black. That is, the ratio of the volume of the black-filled space to the total volume of the hatched space and the black-filled space is set to 1.5 to 2.6%.
- This ratio is preferably set to 2.0 to 2.3%. More preferably, it is set to 2.15 to 2.25%.
- the ratio of the depth dimension (L in FIG. 2) to the inner diameter (D in FIG. 2) is set to 0.9 to 1.5. That is, r L / Dj in FIG. 2 is set to 0.9 to 1.5.
- This ratio is preferably set between 1.2 and 1.3. More preferably, it is set to about 1.2.
- Figure 3 shows the internal space of the cylinder (the space that becomes the main chamber 3) and the internal space of the sub chamber 4 when the piston 5 is at the top dead center.
- the ratio of the total volume of the internal space of the sub-chamber 4 and the internal space of the fuel supply channel 68 to the total volume of the internal space of the fuel supply passage 68 (hereinafter referred to as the sub-chamber volume ratio) is 1. It is an experimental result of engine characteristics when it is changed in a range of 0 to 3.2%.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the thermal efficiency of the engine
- Fig. 3 (c) shows the amount of NOx emitted by the engine.
- Figure 4 shows the experimental results of the engine characteristics when the ratio “L, D” of the depth dimension to the inner diameter of the subchamber 4 was changed in the range of 0.6 to 1.8.
- Fig. 4 (a) shows the combustion variation rate of the engine
- Fig. 4 (b) shows the thermal efficiency of the engine
- Fig. 4 (c) shows the amount of NOx emitted by the engine.
- the present embodiment it is possible to realize an engine capable of favorably achieving both suppression of combustion fluctuation rate, thermal efficiency, and low NOx. Further, since the sub-chamber 4 is open to the main chamber 3 and does not generate a high-speed ejection of the flame jet, knocking occurs even if the ignition advance of the spark plug 7 is made larger than that of the conventional one. Ku! / Stable engine rotation can be obtained. Therefore, a large retardation margin of the ignition timing can be obtained, and the ignition plug 7 can be ignited at a time when the pressure in the sub-chamber 4 is relatively low. As a result, the voltage value required to ignite the ignition plug 7 can be reduced, electrode wear can be suppressed, and misfire can be prevented.
- this engine is provided with an open sub-chamber 4 that does not have a conventional throat opening, the flame generated in the sub-chamber 4 at the time of ignition easily propagates to the main chamber 3 side. This electrode is not exposed to a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, so that the life of the spark plug 7 can be extended.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the sub-chamber 4 and its surroundings.
- the fuel The direction of supply of the gas into the sub-chamber 4 is indicated by a broken arrow.
- the supply direction of the sub-chamber fuel gas into the sub-chamber 4 is such that the linear movement distance of the sub-chamber fuel gas in the sub-chamber 4 space is the longest.
- the direction is set. More specifically, the sub-chamber 4 is formed by a recess having a substantially rectangular vertical section, and the opening position of the fuel supply passage 68 with respect to the sub-chamber 4 is determined by the upper corner of the substantially rectangular cross-section. Section (point X in Fig. 5).
- the supply direction of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber into the sub-chamber 4 is determined by the upper corner (point X) and the lower edge of the sub-chamber open side which is diagonal to the upper corner (see FIG.
- the fuel supply passage 68 extends so that the axial direction of the fuel supply passage 68 extends in a direction passing through the upper end corner (point X) and the sub-chamber open side lower end edge (point Y). 8 is formed.
- the supply direction (blow-out direction) is the above-mentioned upper corner ( The direction is from point X) to the lower edge of the sub-chamber open side (point Y). Due to this blowing, a part of the sub-chamber fuel gas stops in the sub-chamber 4, and the other sub-chamber fuel gas flows from the sub-chamber 4 to the main chamber 3.
- the compression stroke is started in the sub-chamber gas engine, and the piston 5 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center.
- the sub-chamber fuel gas flowing into the main chamber 3 is stirred and mixed with the lean mixture in the cylinder 11 (in the main chamber 3) from the main chamber 3 to the sub-chamber 4. It flows in (see arrow C in Figure 5). That is, the fuel gas for the sub-chamber once flowing into the main chamber 3 is returned to the sub-chamber 4 while being stirred and mixed with the lean mixture.
- the linear movement distance of the sub-chamber fuel gas in the sub-chamber 4 internal space is the longest.
- the direction of supply of the sub-chamber fuel gas is set so that the sub-chamber fuel gas reaches the inner wall surface of the sub-chamber 4 or is affected by the inner wall surface of the sub-chamber 4. Before the fuel gas flow direction changes (directivity changes from the above blowing direction to another direction), a part of the lean mixture flows into the sub-chamber 4 (arrow C). Can be done.
- the sub-chamber fuel gas stopped in the sub-chamber 4 is pushed toward the vicinity of the ignition point S of the ignition plug 7.
- these two gases are appropriately stirred. . Therefore, in the local region (relatively narrow region) near the ignition point S of the spark plug 7 (near the electrode), the high-concentration state of the sub-chamber fuel gas is maintained, and as the distance from the ignition point S increases, However, the mixture ratio of the lean mixture with respect to the fuel gas for the sub-chamber gradually increases (the fuel gas concentration gradually decreases).
- the initial combustion in the vicinity of the ignition plug 7 includes the high-concentration fuel gas for the sub-chamber (the high-concentration fuel gas for the sub-chamber existing in the narrow area). Therefore, the flame can be smoothly propagated from the sub chamber 4 to the main chamber 3. This prevents the pressure and temperature in the sub-chamber 4 from excessively rising immediately after ignition. That is, by setting the supply direction of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber into the sub-chamber 4 as in the present embodiment, the pressure around the ignition plug 7 at the time of ignition can be obtained while satisfactorily ignitability and flame propagation are obtained. The appropriate temperature can be achieved, and the life of the spark plug 7 can be extended.
- the direction of supply of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber is slightly deviated from the direction from the upper corner (point X) to the lower edge of the sub-chamber open side (point Y). It is possible to obtain the above effect (optimization of the pressure and temperature around the ignition plug 7 during ignition). That is, the supply direction is 5 ° with respect to the supply direction indicated by the dashed arrow in FIG. The above effect can be obtained even if the angle is deviated to the extent (see the angle ⁇ in FIG. 5).
- FIG. 6 shows that the fuel gas for the sub-chamber is supplied in a different direction with the opening position of the fuel supply passage 68 with respect to the sub-chamber 4 set at the upper end corner (the point X in FIG. 5) of the above-described substantially rectangular cross section. It is the result of having tested the engine characteristics in the case of doing.
- the supply direction the supply direction of the sub-chamber fuel gas with respect to the horizontal direction and the angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in FIG. 5
- the direction from the upper end corner (point X) to the sub-chamber open side is assumed. This corresponds to blowing in the direction toward the lower edge (point ⁇ ).
- Fig. 6 (a) shows the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine
- Fig. 6 (b) shows the soot generation of the engine
- Fig. 6 (c) shows the thermal efficiency of the engine.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing the sub-chamber 4 and its surroundings
- FIG. 7 (b) is the opening shape at the lower end opening (solid line in the figure) and the electrode peripheral part (dashed line in the figure) of the sub-chamber 4.
- FIG. 7 (a) the supply of fuel gas for the sub-chamber into the sub-chamber 4 The directions are indicated by dashed arrows.
- the flame propagation direction (downward direction in the figure) from the inside of the sub-chamber 4 to the main chamber 3 is near the open end of the sub-chamber 4 that opens to the main chamber 3.
- a throttle section 43 is provided to reduce the cross-sectional area of the plane perpendicular to the plane.
- a narrowed portion 43 bulging annularly toward the inner peripheral side of the sub-chamber 4 is provided slightly above the open end of the sub-chamber 4 to reduce the opening area at this portion. I have.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of tests on the engine characteristics when the throttle section 43 is provided in the sub chamber 4 and when the throttle section 43 is not provided.
- tests were performed on various shapes of the constricted portion 43 (the amount of protrusion into the sub-chamber 4).
- the opening cross-sectional ratio in the case where the throttle section 43 is not provided is assumed to be “1.0”, and in the case where the throttle section 43 is provided, the larger the overhang amount into the sub chamber 4 is, The opening section ratio is shown as small.
- the opening area around the electrode of the spark plug 7 (the opening area indicated by the broken line in FIG. 7 (b)) is compared with the opening area at the portion where the throttle portion 43 is formed (shown by the solid line in FIG. 7 (b)).
- the opening section ratio is set to “0.5”.
- a test was performed with the opening section ratio being “0.4”, “0.6”, “0.7”, and “1.0”.
- the combustion variation rate of the engine can be reduced by setting the cross-sectional ratio of the opening to less than “1.0”. However, if this opening cross-sectional ratio is less than “0.6”, the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine will increase slightly. Therefore, it is preferable that the cross-sectional ratio of the opening when the aperture portion 43 is provided is “0.6” or more.
- the position where the throttle portion 43 is formed may be at the open side edge of the sub chamber 4 or at a position deeper than the vicinity of the open side end of the sub chamber 4 (upper position in the figure). You may. In any case, it is possible to prevent the sub chamber fuel gas from flowing out into the main chamber 3 by the throttle section 43.
- This embodiment also differs from the first and second embodiments in that the shape near the open side end of the sub-chamber 4 that opens to the main chamber 3 is changed. Therefore, here, only the shape near the open end of the sub chamber 4 will be described.
- Fig. 9 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing the sub-chamber 4 and its periphery
- Fig. 9 (b) is the opening shape at the lower end opening (solid line in the figure) and the electrode peripheral part (dashed line in the figure) of the sub-chamber 4.
- FIG. 9 (a) the direction of supply of the sub-chamber fuel gas into the sub-chamber 4 is indicated by a broken arrow.
- An enlarged section 4 4. is provided to enlarge the cross-sectional area of the plane orthogonal to the plane.
- An enlarged portion 44 having a curved surface is provided such that the cross-sectional area of the opening gradually increases from a position slightly above the open side end of the sub-chamber 4 toward the open side (the lower side in the figure). Is expanding.
- the gas from the main chamber 3 to the sub-chamber 4 accompanying the movement of the piston 5 in the compression stroke (the fuel gas for the sub-chamber flowing into the main chamber 3 and the lean air-fuel mixture)
- the mixture of the mixture gas and the mixture gas gradually increases as the distance from the ignition point S of the ignition plug 7 increases. And good flame spreadability can be ensured.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of tests on engine characteristics when the enlarged portion 44 is provided in the sub-chamber 4 and when the enlarged portion 44 is not provided.
- the shape of the enlarged section 4 The test was conducted for various types as (diameter dimensions).
- the cross-sectional ratio of the opening is set to “1.0” when the enlarged portion 44 is not provided.
- the larger the enlarged diameter the larger the cross-sectional ratio of the opening. Is represented as being large.
- the opening area around the electrode of the spark plug 7 (opening area indicated by the broken line in FIG. 9 (b)) is compared with the opening area at the enlarged portion 44 (the solid line in FIG. 9 (b)).
- the opening section ratio is set to “2.0”.
- the opening cross-section ratio is set to a value exceeding “1.0”, even if the opening cross-section ratio is large, the amount of soot generated by the engine does not exceed the regulation value E. It has no negative impact on the environment. However, test results confirmed that the combustion variation rate of the engine slightly increased when the cross-sectional ratio of the opening exceeded “1.2”. Therefore, it is preferable that the upper limit of the opening cross-sectional ratio is “1.2” or less.
- the opening shape of the surface orthogonal to the flame propagation direction at the open end of the sub-chamber 4 opening to the main chamber 3 is changed to the opening shape of the surface orthogonal to the flame propagation direction at the back side of the sub-chamber 4. It is eccentric.
- Other configurations are substantially the same as those of the above-described first and second embodiments. Therefore, only the opening shape at the open end of the sub chamber 4 will be described here.
- FIG. 11A is a longitudinal sectional view showing the sub-chamber 4 and its periphery.
- FIG. 11 (b) is a diagram showing the shape of the opening at the lower end opening (the solid line in the figure) and the periphery of the electrode (the broken line in the figure) of the sub chamber 4.
- the opening shape of the surface orthogonal to the flame propagation direction at the open side end of the sub-chamber 4 opening to the main chamber 3 is defined by the flame propagation direction at the back side of the sub-chamber 4. Is decentered with respect to the shape of the opening in the plane perpendicular to the plane.
- one of the side walls of the sub-chamber 4 (the left side wall in FIG.
- the shape of the opening of the sub-chamber 4 is an ellipse (see FIG. 11 (b)), but it is eccentric with respect to the axis L1 at the back side of the sub-chamber 4. As long as it is formed at a position, the shape may be a perfect circle or a shape other than a circle.
- the direction of supply of the sub-chamber fuel gas into the sub-chamber 4 is in the direction along the plane of FIG. 11 (a), that is, from the upper corner of the sub-chamber 4.
- the direction may be toward the upper surface of the bulging portion 45, or may be in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 11A, that is, in the plane perpendicular to the bulging direction of the bulging portion 45.
- the direction may be from the upper end corner of the sub-chamber 4 toward the lower edge of the sub-chamber open side.
- the mixed gas of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber and the lean mixture flowing into the sub-chamber 4 from the main chamber 3 becomes a swirling flow (tumble flow) around the horizontal axis in the sub-chamber 4. To mix.
- the gas concentration in the sub chamber 4 can be optimized.
- Fig. 12 shows the results of testing the engine characteristics when the opening of the sub-chamber 4 is not eccentric (symmetric type) and when it is eccentric as shown in Fig. 11 (asymmetric type). As is clear from FIG. 12, the combustion fluctuation rate of the engine is smaller when the opening of the sub chamber 4 is eccentric than when it is not eccentric.
- the present invention is applied to the sub-chamber type gas engine including the fuel supply system of the engineer type.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a sub-chamber type gas engine provided with a so-called mixer type fuel supply system in which air and fuel gas are mixed by a mixer and supplied to the main chamber. Further, the present invention can also be applied to a sub-chamber type gas engine not provided with a supercharger.
- the fuel supply valve is not limited to the automatic check valve 62, and an electromagnetically driven gas injector may be applied. Further, when the supply direction of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber into the sub-chamber 4 is set to the direction in which the linear movement distance of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber in the space inside the sub-chamber 4 becomes longest.
- the cross-sectional shape (cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the flame propagation direction) is not limited to a perfect circle, but may be an oval or polygonal shape.
- the temperature of the sub-chamber is controlled by optimizing the shape of the sub-chamber of the sub-chamber gas engine or by appropriately setting the direction of supply of the fuel gas for the sub-chamber to the sub-chamber.
- the ignition plug ignition plug
- the ignition plug to reduce the voltage required for ignition, thereby prolonging the life of the spark plug.
- even a sub-chamber gas engine using an automatic valve that uses a pressure difference as a driving force can obtain good ignitability and flame spreadability and is useful.
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CN102322332A (zh) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-01-18 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | 一种cng发动机燃烧室结构及其燃料喷射方法 |
WO2014037068A1 (de) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-03-13 | Gvh Gesellschaft Für Verbrennungsmotoren Und Hybridantriebe Mbh | Ventileinrichtung, system und verwendung zur einblasung von gasförmigem kraftstoff |
AT516619A4 (de) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-07-15 | Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og | Zylinderkopf und Brennkraftmaschine |
AT516621A4 (de) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-07-15 | Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og | Vorkammergasventil |
CN115324723A (zh) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-11-11 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种燃烧系统以及气体发动机 |
US20240151190A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2024-05-09 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine control device |
EP4513013A1 (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2025-02-26 | Volvo Truck Corporation | A cylinder head |
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CN115324723A (zh) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-11-11 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种燃烧系统以及气体发动机 |
EP4513013A1 (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2025-02-26 | Volvo Truck Corporation | A cylinder head |
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