WO2002097248A1 - Verbrennungsmaschine für eine verbrennung von brennbarem gas - Google Patents
Verbrennungsmaschine für eine verbrennung von brennbarem gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002097248A1 WO2002097248A1 PCT/DE2002/002007 DE0202007W WO02097248A1 WO 2002097248 A1 WO2002097248 A1 WO 2002097248A1 DE 0202007 W DE0202007 W DE 0202007W WO 02097248 A1 WO02097248 A1 WO 02097248A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- gas
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000012761 aggressive behavior Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003251 chemically resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006241 metabolic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
- F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
- F02B75/24—Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
- F02B33/06—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
- F02B33/10—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps with the pumping cylinder situated between working cylinder and crankcase, or with the pumping cylinder surrounding working cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
- F05C2251/048—Heat transfer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Definitions
- Energy from, for example, biogas plants is one of the renewable (regenerative) energies, since when bacterial biomass is broken down, solar energy that has been temporarily stored in plants is finally released again in the form of the energy carrier biogas.
- the process is neutral with regard to the C0 2 balance of the earth's atmosphere, because in contrast to the combustion of fossil non-gaseous fuels (coal, petroleum), at most the amount of carbon dioxide can be released again, which immediately before through plant photosynthesis from the earth's atmosphere was removed (assimilated).
- Converters or fermenters also offer options that have so far hardly been used in waste disposal.
- About 130 m 3 of biogas can be obtained from one ton of organic waste.
- Approximately 250 kWh of electrical power and 500 kWh of heat can be obtained from this.
- Any organic or biological substance (biomass or organic waste) that can be changed by microorganisms can be used to produce biogas. Due to the extreme diversity of bacterial metabolic reactions, the spectrum of possible input substances and output gases is also extensive.
- Biogas plants make use of this natural, biological process. Under controlled and optimized conditions, so-called biogas is created from organic waste materials through multi-stage microbial degradation reactions from biomass. Biogas consists of approximately 50% to 70% methane and approximately 30% to 50% carbon dioxide, as well as corrosive gas components. Biological methane gas formation is a process that takes place in nature wherever organic material rots in a humid environment and in the absence of air due to the metabolic activity of natural methane bacteria. Examples include the formation of swamp gas, the formation of methane in the digestive tract of ruminants, in wet composting plants and in flooded rice fields.
- Biogas can be burned to generate heat or converted into heat and electrical energy by a gas engine with a heat exchanger and a connected generator.
- Today's gas engines are not able to cope with the relatively aggressive behavior of biogas in the long term.
- Essential components of the biogas attack walls of flow paths up to the combustion chamber and to outlet areas from the combustion chamber, whereby the service life of these internal combustion engines is reduced when operated with such biogas.
- more frequent maintenance requirements result from the higher susceptibility, so that the reliability and manageability of an engine operated by biogas would have to be improved.
- the invention sees its technical problem in terms of a problem to be solved.
- the solution provides that a surface coating is provided at least in the areas of the engine that are endangered by the biogas with its chemically aggressive components (claim 1, claim 20, claim 24).
- An at least partial coating of the essential points is appropriate, an overall coating of all those wall sections that the biogas with its chemically aggressive starting components flows past before combustion is advantageous (claim 13, claim 14, claim 17, claim 18).
- the chemically aggressive constituents may have changed, so that a different or possibly the same surface coating may be provided in the outlet duct following the outlet opening up to a flange point at which a chemically resistant material takes over further guidance of the exhaust gas , Claim 14).
- At least the supply channels (overflow or suction channels) for supplying the gas are recommended to be coated with the coating.
- the coating can also extend further into the precompression chamber, which serves to precompress the gas in a two-stroke engine due to the downward stroke of the piston. After opening the corresponding inflow channels by sliding the upper edge of the piston past, the path for the pre-compressed fuel gas to the combustion chamber is cleared in a controlled manner.
- a conventional Nicasil coating can help to prevent the biogas from penetrating to a certain degree as it reduces friction and hard. After compression and explosion, the biogas is discharged in a controlled manner via an outflow channel which is offset to the circumference of the inflow channels, although chemically aggressive and corrosive gas components can still be present here.
- the surprising result of the surface coating is that the engine not only lasts longer in operation but also that unpurified biological gas can be used for combustion. Uncleaned gases are inexpensive to manufacture and can be taken directly from a bioreactor or a biogas plant (initially referred to as a converter). The costs for operating an engine with biogas can be reduced twice; the life of the engine is increased and the costs for cleaning the biogas are eliminated. Natural gas as a biological gas can also be used.
- the physical properties of the aggressive gas are used to describe or describe the coating.
- the coating material must be stable up to the operating temperature. It must have sufficient temperature elasticity to withstand the thermal stresses of the engine. It must be chemically resistant, at least to the essential or regularly expected components of the unpurified biologically produced gas, such as sulfur, phosphorus and ammonia.
- the surface coating if it is also used in the combustion chamber, can be resistant to abrasion, at least approximately in the hardness that a conventional Nicasil coating offers.
- An adaptation to the thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity of the material from which the walls of the cylinder covered by the coating are made is recommended (claim 2).
- the coating should not be thermally insulating, but thermally conductive, preferably to the extent specified above.
- the coating is preferably used in the overflow channels to the combustion chamber (claim 1, claim 20).
- a coating can also be provided in the outlet duct (claim 13, 14).
- the coating can extend to connection points of more resistant materials. It is also preferred to apply a chemically resistant surface coating in the pre-compression space in front of the overflow channels.
- an adhesion zone forms between the coating and the wall, which ensures that the coating is mechanically fixed. The strength of the adhesion zone can depend on the way in which the layer resistant to the corrosive gases is applied.
- the chemical property can be in examples with Teflon or at least
- Teflon components are described. Ceramic powder mixtures or ceramic powder can also be used if it is applied to the surface with high pressure in order to form a coating there. Special windows can be provided for the application of the coating (claim 5), through which access to the space to be coated is formed. After coating, these windows are closed again by appropriate panels. With them, the manufacture of the cylinder heads produced in the casting process is simplified and made more cost-effective with regard to the additional coating to be applied.
- this coating is formed from soot, which is formed due to the influx of acetylene into the combustion chamber.
- sooty combustion ensures that a soot layer forms on the walls of the combustion chamber, which has a very low heat penetration number in order to better insulate the combustion chamber thermally and to make this insulation repeatable.
- FIG. 1 is an overview diagram of an entire engine with a cylinder 9 of interest here, which can also be configured as a cylinder 9 * opposite.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the cylinder 9 in cross section with four sections of coatings B ⁇ (B10; B20; B12; B11.B13.B8) that have been specifically described.
- Figure 3 is a section of a wall section 11 with a coating layer Bxx, e.g. B11.
- FIG. 1 illustrates in section an engine block with two opposing cylinders (heads) which electrically provide the combustion chamber or the flow therein, e.g. organically produced gas, ignite.
- the cylinder 9 is to be picked out schematically in FIG. 2 in section.
- FIG. 1 also shows the crank loop section K which is advantageous for operation with the combustible gas and which transfers the axial stroke movement h of the piston rod 14 to a shaft rotation via a sliding block.
- the sliding block is arranged in a housing section which is protected against penetration of the corrosive gas from the precompression chamber by an axial seal 13a, which also serves as a sliding bearing for the piston rod 14.
- the lubricants required are therefore not attacked by the "biogas” (biological, biologically produced or natural gas, such as natural gas) and additionally burdened.
- An internally hollow piston 21 formed at the front end of the piston rod 14 serves for compression in the combustion chamber and the conversion of work caused by explosion into kinetic energy, as described in more detail below.
- the precompression chamber 11k which allows the precompressed combustible gas to flow over the overflow channels 8a, 8b to the compression chamber 10 when the piston is or is being moved in the direction of its bottom dead center and, with its upper edge, also releases the overflow channels in a controlling manner shortly beforehand the outflow channels or the at least one outflow channel 30.
- the structure shown corresponds structurally to that of a two-stroke engine, which automatically opens an outflow opening 30 when the piston 20 is moved down, in order to allow the burned gas to flow out and only a short time later with it Downward movement h (to the left in FIG. 2) opens one or more inflow openings from which the precompressed fresh gas flows into the combustion chamber.
- the inflow ducts are themselves provided with openings to the combustion chamber, which are circumferentially offset and each have a circumferential distance from the outflow opening, which can be made larger in the circumferential direction than the windows of the overflow ducts.
- a plate valve 28 limits the precompression chamber 11, as shown in the closed state (at the bottom dead center) in FIG. 1.
- two overflow channels are shown with their windows 8c, 8d above the upper edge of the piston 20 and a further inflow opening 29, which is located approximately where the plate valve for the supply of fresh, combustible gas is located.
- the outflow opening 30 is also open at the bottom dead center position, which leads to the exhaust pipe, but the slight height offset of the upper ends of the openings 8c, 8d and 30 on the left in FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows the different point in time at which the respective channels through the movement of the piston are opened or closed in a controlled manner.
- the coordination of the reference numerals makes it easy to compare the overall view in FIG. 1 and the drawn-out sectional view in FIG. 2, and the hollow design of the piston 20 in the interior 21 of which engages the front end of the (hollow or full) piston rod 40 ,
- the piston has a front face
- Screw device arranged on the piston rod 40, which is shown in Figure 2 lying directly in front of the outlet opening of the outflow channel 30 (or the outlet opening 30).
- Outlet channel 30 had exposed and allowed with the overflow channels an inflow of pre-compressed "biogas" from the antechamber 11 k.
- the inflow channels for the pre-compression that is to say those below the piston 20 when it is close to its top dead center, are not shown here, but can be seen in FIG. 1 and are otherwise known.
- the axial guide seal 13a of the piston rod 14, on which the piston 20 is arranged on the front side, represents a first possible start of a coating layer B13 which delimits the precompression space 11k.
- the corresponding wall section 11 of the cylinder is covered with the layers to be explained in more detail and offers a chemical resistance to the aggressive gas components.
- the coating B13 extends as B11, B8 further in the direction of the overflow channels 8a, 8b up to the compression space 10.
- the channels are covered by the delimits outer walls 11, 12 and forms the overflow channels 8a, 8b, between the inner approximately toroidal webs and the inner surfaces of the outer walls 11.
- the overflow channel 8a ends to the combustion chamber 10 in a window, two of which are physically separate windows 8c, 8d in 1 can be seen, in each case as the end of a separate or branched overflow channel, which in the
- Pre-compression room 11 started. Towards these windows, the coating B11 ends as a coating lying radially further outward in a coating section B8, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
- the previously described residual webs 12 of the individual inflow or. Outflow channels are covered with a further layer B12, which can correspond to that of B11.
- the space 10 as a combustion space is also covered with a layer B10, which need not have the same type as those surface layers B13, B11, B8 and B12 in the overflow channels.
- Another coating in the outflow channel 30, which extends as far as a flange region 31 for an exhaust, is not shown in FIG. 2, but is easily imaginable, as shown in FIG.
- the coatings B ⁇ (without B10) have a thickness of more than 10 ⁇ m and are preferably formed from Teflon or ceramic constituents, which according to FIG. 3 can also partially penetrate into the surface of the wall 11, with the formation of an adhesion zone H11, which also applies accordingly the other coatings are formed in the transition zone between the coating layer and the wall of the cylinder head.
- the separate coating B8 should also have high mechanical stability in the sense of sufficient abrasion behavior due to the high velocity of the inflowing gas.
- the hollow, downwardly open interior of the piston 20 is also covered with a coating layer B20, with the formation of a corresponding adhesive zone H20, as explained in FIG. 3.
- a coating corresponding to the other coating layers described is also advantageous at this point.
- the layers B ⁇ have a temperature stability at least up to the maximum operating temperature of the engine. Resistance to abrasion has already been described. The temperature elasticity is decisive for the choice of the material of the cylinder 9 produced in the casting process; If aluminum is used, a different material can serve as a coating layer than when using gray cast iron.
- the chemical resistance is measured by the aggressive components of the gas, mostly sulfur, ammonia and phosphorus.
- the layers B ⁇ are gas-tight, which can easily be seen from FIG. 3 with the layer layer B11 used as an example.
- sulfur should be mentioned as the decisive factor against which the layer B30 in the outlet duct 30 must be essentially resistant.
- Windows that are not shown in the figure can be inserted into the cylinder, e.g. after its manufacture, be introduced in such a way that the pre-area in front of the combustion chamber, consisting of overflow channels 8a, 8b and pre-compression chamber 11k, can be practically completely covered with the coating.
- the windows used for coating can then be closed again with a plate. Subsequent surface inspection inspections can be made through these windows.
- a coating is no longer required if the area of the cylinder is left with a further material made of corrosion-resistant material, in particular stainless steel.
- Slow-running engines are preferred, both in two-stroke and four-stroke processes.
- the power range preferably extends up to 20 kW to 50 kW, also up to 150 kW.
- the layers can be applied in various processes. It was mentioned that the coating, in particular in the exhaust duct as coating B30, has to withstand operating temperatures of at least 700 ° C., slightly less for two-stroke engines.
- the layers are thermally conductive, preferably essentially such that they have the same thermal transmittance as the metal of the wall which is coated in the respective section. In the sections of the flow paths where high flow velocities of the unpurified biological gas occur, resistance to abrasion is of great advantage.
- the elasticity of the applied layers serves to absorb alternating stresses caused by temperature expansion, whereby an adaptation to the base material of the cylinder head is also useful here in order to avoid or at least greatly reduce detachments or internal stresses in the connection area, which corresponds to the adhesion zone H11 of FIG.
- the chemical consistency of the coating layer it has to be resistant to the corrosive gas components, in particular chemically resistant to ammonia, phosphorus and / or sulfur or their compound.
- the layers can therefore be chemically different.
- different chemical coatings can also be provided. If, for example, unpurified sewage gases are used as "biogas", the chemical consistency of the coating layers must be adjusted accordingly.
- the surface layer in the flow sections is gas-tight in order to withstand the corrosive gas components and to keep them away from the wall.
- Mixtures of a ceramic nature or a ceramic powder are provided as examples, which are applied in an explosion deformation to the preferably still uncoated surface of the previously described flow sections, which application is effected by the speed which leads to an at least partial penetration H11 of the powdery mixture into the wall sections leads to the formation of the flat adhesive zone Hxx described above.
- Other options for the application of layers are the application of alloys or gold layers, which can then be made very thin, for example smaller than 10 ⁇ m.
- the layers can be applied galvanically or it can be a mixture of gold and nickel. A a further possibility of applying these layers can be spraying.
- the layer thickness can vary depending on the cost of the material that makes up the layer.
- a hard gold layer is one way to obtain a coating that can withstand the operating temperature of the cylinder head (the cylinder), the essential corrosive components of the incoming gas, and the alternating stresses caused by temperature, but it is costly so that its strength is minimized would be restrictive.
- Other materials from which the layers can be made are those that contain Teflon.
- a layer containing chromium and / or silicon components is recommended, which can be designed differently than the layers described above in the inflow and outflow paths to and from the combustion chamber.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10292341T DE10292341D2 (de) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-05-31 | Verbrennungsmaschine für eine Verbrennung von brennbarem Gas |
EP02742787A EP1404953A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-05-31 | Verbrennungsmaschine für eine verbrennung von brennbarem gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10126382.1 | 2001-05-30 | ||
DE10126382 | 2001-05-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002097248A1 true WO2002097248A1 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
Family
ID=7686670
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2002/002007 WO2002097248A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-05-31 | Verbrennungsmaschine für eine verbrennung von brennbarem gas |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1404953A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10292341D2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002097248A1 (de) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB376117A (en) * | 1930-12-31 | 1932-07-07 | Metallisator Berlin Ag | Improvements in or relating to the cylinders and/or pistons of internal combustion engines |
DE4006583A1 (de) | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | Ansaugsystem fuer dieselmotoren mit direkteinspritzung |
DE4020936C1 (en) | 1990-06-30 | 1991-07-25 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Combustion engine chamber wall lining - by soot formed by combustion of carbonaceous material, esp. acetylene, gives constant wall dimensions |
DE4242099A1 (de) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-06-16 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Vorrichtung, insbesondere Gasturbineneinrichtung, mit einer Beschichtung von Einrichtungsteilen |
DE19542944A1 (de) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-05-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Wärmedämmschicht |
-
2002
- 2002-05-31 EP EP02742787A patent/EP1404953A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-31 WO PCT/DE2002/002007 patent/WO2002097248A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-31 DE DE10292341T patent/DE10292341D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB376117A (en) * | 1930-12-31 | 1932-07-07 | Metallisator Berlin Ag | Improvements in or relating to the cylinders and/or pistons of internal combustion engines |
DE4006583A1 (de) | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-06 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | Ansaugsystem fuer dieselmotoren mit direkteinspritzung |
DE4020936C1 (en) | 1990-06-30 | 1991-07-25 | Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Combustion engine chamber wall lining - by soot formed by combustion of carbonaceous material, esp. acetylene, gives constant wall dimensions |
DE4242099A1 (de) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-06-16 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Vorrichtung, insbesondere Gasturbineneinrichtung, mit einer Beschichtung von Einrichtungsteilen |
DE19542944A1 (de) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-05-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Wärmedämmschicht |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1404953A1 (de) | 2004-04-07 |
DE10292341D2 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
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