WO2001030902A1 - Composition polyorganosiloxane monocomposante durcissant en elastomere non jaunissant des la temperature ambiante en presence d'humidite - Google Patents
Composition polyorganosiloxane monocomposante durcissant en elastomere non jaunissant des la temperature ambiante en presence d'humidite Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001030902A1 WO2001030902A1 PCT/FR2000/003010 FR0003010W WO0130902A1 WO 2001030902 A1 WO2001030902 A1 WO 2001030902A1 FR 0003010 W FR0003010 W FR 0003010W WO 0130902 A1 WO0130902 A1 WO 0130902A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/544—Silicon-containing compounds containing nitrogen
- C08K5/5455—Silicon-containing compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
- C08G77/16—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to hydroxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
- C08G77/18—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to alkoxy or aryloxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/22—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G77/24—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen halogen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/70—Siloxanes defined by use of the MDTQ nomenclature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new monocomponent compositions based on polyorganosiloxane (s) crosslinking in non-yellowing elastomers and adherent on any type of surface, operating from room temperature (that is to say in a temperature range from 5 ° C to 35 ° C) and in the presence of humidity.
- Silicone elastomers commonly called sealants, are used in many applications such as sealing and assembly. Among all the properties requested, adhesion on a wide variety of substrates (metal, plastic, wood) is a very important property.
- adhesion promoters generally silanes carrying functional groups, are introduced into the sealant formulations.
- aminopropyl triethoxy silane and beta aminoethyl gamma aminopropyl trimethoxy silane are used.
- compositions are also sometimes insufficient in adhesion to certain supports such as those of the PVC type.
- This insufficient adhesion can be limited by greatly increasing the dose of amino silane (around 1.5% by weight).
- the phenomenon of yellowing of the eiastomer is accentuated, this being linked to the level of amino silane in the eiastomer.
- the object of the present invention is to propose compositions using new types of amino silanes, neutralizing the problems of yellowing and having at least properties similar to those of the compositions of the prior art, in particular for their storage stability.
- the new one-component compositions proposed have optimized adhesion properties to allow their use on a wide variety of substrates.
- the adhesion is very good on various substrates, in particular plastics such as for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- compositions based on polyorganosiloxane (s), stable on storage in the absence of moisture and crosslinking in non-yellowing elastomers and adherents in the presence humidity characterized in that they include:
- R ' ' the substituents R ' ', identical or different, each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon radical saturated or not with C-
- R ⁇ the substituents R ⁇ , identical or different, each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon radical saturated or not with C- to C-13, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, cyclanic or aromatic;
- polyorganosiloxane A a dynamic viscosity at 25 ° C ranging from 1,000 to 1,000,000 mPa.s;
- -b represents zero or 1
- amines and salts of carboxylic acids including the salts of carboxylic fatty acids (examples: dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dioctoate);
- an adhesion promoting agent P comprising at least one organosilicon compound (IV) carrying both (1) at least one hydrolyzable group bonded to the silicon atom and (2) at least one organic group linked to the silicon atom, carrying an amine function and on which the carbon in position ⁇ of the amine is of hybridization sp3 and trisubstituted (thus when the 3 substituents in ⁇ are carbonaceous, the amine is said to be in the neopentyl position).
- organosilicon compound (IV) carrying both (1) at least one hydrolyzable group bonded to the silicon atom and (2) at least one organic group linked to the silicon atom, carrying an amine function and on which the carbon in position ⁇ of the amine is of hybridization sp3 and trisubstituted (thus when the 3 substituents in ⁇ are carbonaceous, the amine is said to be in the neopentyl position).
- composition according to the invention can contain from 0 to 50 parts of non-reactive linear diorganopolysiloxane F of formula (III):
- the substituents R 1 of the polyorganosiloxanes A and of the optional polymers F are chosen from the group formed by:
- the substituents R 1 are the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-hexyl, phenyl, vinyl and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl radicals.
- the monocomponent polyorganosiloxane compositions in accordance with the present invention can be prepared according to various procedures. In general, the compositions are prepared in the absence of humidity by operating in a closed apparatus, provided with stirring, in which it is possible to evacuate, then optionally replace the expelled air with an anhydrous inert gas , for example with nitrogen. Examples of apparatus that may be mentioned: slow dispersers, paddle mixers, propeller mixers, arm mixers, anchor mixers, planetary mixers, hook mixers, single screw or multiple screw extruders.
- the composition can be prepared in a closed reactor with stirring by following the 3 successive stages defined below: 1: functionalization stage during which the reaction is carried out: (1 ′) at least a reactive linear diorganopolysiloxane A ′ comprising a hydroxyl group at each chain end, of formula (I ′):
- - n has a sufficient value to give the diorganopolysiioxanes of formula (I ") a dynamic viscosity at 25 ° C ranging from 1,000 to 1,000,000 mPa.s;
- reaction medium of step 1 can also comprise:
- stage 2 mixing (or "compounding") stage during which the functionalization medium of stage 1, kept under stirring, is introduced in any order: (5 ′) a mineral filler G based on silica amorphous and possibly other fillers;
- step 1 the constituents A, B, D, E and F; then in step 2, the reaction mixture of step 1 completed by the addition of the constituents G, H, F and P, G being preferably added first;
- step 3 the volatile materials present (low molecular weight polymers, alcohol formed during the functionalization reaction, alcohol E possibly used).
- polyorganosiloxane A is generally carried out by polycondensation reaction.
- the composition according to the invention can also be prepared from other procedures. On this subject, reference will be made to document US Pat. No. 5,674,936 (in particular example 3) or document FR 2,742763.
- the adhesion promoter P can be chosen in particular from the organosilicon compounds P1 of formula (IV): (OR 4 ) 3 -a (R 5 ) a Si [- (CH 2 ) n- CR 6 R 7 - ( CH 2 ) m -NHR 8 ] in which:
- R is a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 1 to
- R is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryan radical containing 6 to 8 carbon atoms,
- - R and R are linear or branched alkyl radicals fi 7 containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably R and R being methyl radicals, - R is a hydrogen atom or a linear alkyl radical or branched containing 1 o to 3 carbon atoms, R preferably being a hydrogen atom,
- - n is greater than or equal to 2, and preferably between 2 and 4,
- - and m is equal to 0 or 1, and preferably to 1.
- the organosilicon compound P1 is chosen from the group consisting of:
- the adhesion promoting agent may contain an additional organosilicon compound P2 chosen from compounds comprising both (1) hydrolysable groups bound to the silicon atom and (2) organic groups substituted by radicals chosen from the group of amino, isocyanato, epoxy, alkenyl and isocyanurate radicals.
- the elastomers obtained are of particularly satisfactory qualities of use.
- this additional organosilicon compound P2 can be selected from at least one organo-functional silane of formula (V):
- - R 9 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical, a vinyl radical, - R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 8 carbon atoms which can contain at least one primary amino group,
- - R 11 represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms optionally comprising an ether function
- - R 12 represents an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having less than 8 carbon atoms
- a is equal to 0 or 1.
- organosilicon compounds P2 these are chosen from the silanes of formula: (CH3 ⁇ CH2CH2 ⁇ ) 3Si- (CH2) 2NH2; (CH3 ⁇ CH2CH2 ⁇ ) 3Si- (CH2) 3NH2;
- the fillers G are in the form of very finely divided mineral products whose average particle diameter is less than 0.1 micron.
- these fillers are combustion silicas, precipitation silicas, combustion titanium and aluminum oxides, and smoke blacks.
- the compositions according to the invention contain from 2 to 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polyorganosiloxane A.
- the fillers G can also be in the form of more coarsely divided mineral and / or organic products, with an average particle diameter greater than 0.1 microns; among these fillers are ground quartz, diatomic silicas, calcium carbonate, calcined clay, titanium oxide of the rutile type, iron, zinc, chromium, zirconium, magnesium oxides, different forms of alumina (hydrated or not), boron nitride, lithopone, barium metaborate, cork powder, sawdust, phthalocyanines, mineral and organic fibers, organic polymers (polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene , polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride).
- these fillers can be modified at the surface, and more particularly the fillers of mineral origin, by treatment with the various organosilicon compounds usually used for this use.
- these organosilicon compounds can be organochlorosilanes, diorganocyclopolysiloxanes, hexaorganodisiloxanes, hexaorganodisilazanes or diorganocyclopolysilazanes (patents FR 1 126 884, FR 1 136 885, FR 1 236 505, GB 1 024 234).
- the treated fillers contain, in most cases, from 3 to 30% of their weight of organosilicon compounds.
- fillers The purpose of the introduction of fillers is to impart good mechanical and rheological characteristics to the elastomers resulting from the hardening of the compositions according to the invention. It is possible to introduce a single species of charge or mixtures of several species.
- inorganic and / or organic pigments as well as agents improving thermal resistance (salts and rare earth oxides such as ceric oxides and hydroxides) and / or flame resistance of elastomers. Mention may be made, among the agents improving flame resistance, of halogenated organic derivatives, organic phosphorus derivatives, platinum derivatives such as chloroplatinic acid (its reaction products with alkanols, ethers-oxides), complexes platinum chloride - olefins. These pigments and agents together represent at most 20% of the weight of the fillers.
- the curing catalyst H can be chosen from amines and salts of tin metals, and preferably from amines and salts of carboxylic acids.
- the salts of tin carboxylic acids are advantageously used (examples: dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dioctoate, iron stearate, tin II octoate and lead octoate).
- the hardening catalyst H can also be chosen from tin chelates, for example dibutyltin bis (acetylacetonate).
- auxiliary agents and additives can be incorporated into the composition according to the invention; these are chosen according to the applications in which said compositions are used.
- compositions according to the invention are stable on storage in the absence of water, hardening at room temperature and in particular at temperatures between 5 and 35 ° C in the presence of moisture.
- the hardening (or crosslinking) takes place from the outside to the inside of the mass of the compositions. First, a skin is formed on the surface, then cross-linking continues in the mass.
- compositions can be used for multiple applications such as jointing in the building industry, assembly and bonding of a wide variety of materials (metals; plastics such as, for example, PVC, PMMA; natural and synthetic rubbers; wood; cardboard; earthenware; brick; glass; stone; concrete; masonry units), and this within the framework of the building industry as well as in the automotive, household appliance and electronic.
- the compositions in accordance with the invention lead, after hardening, to elastomers whose adhesion is very good on various substrates and which have the advantage of not yellowing over time under the oxidizing action of air.
- Composition A A.
- Composition B (witness). Composition B is identical to composition A, except for the use of amino silane of type P2. In this case, 7.7 g (or 0.5% by weight) of ⁇ -aminoethyl ⁇ -aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane sold under the name Dynasylan 1411 by the company Degussa-Huels are added.
- Composition B is identical to composition A, except for the addition of amino silanes of types P1 and P2.
- amino silanes of types P1 and P2 7.85 g (or approximately 0.5% by mass) of amino silane of reference Y-11637 from the company Osi Witco and 3.15 g (or approximately 0.2% by mass) of ⁇ are added.
- -aminoethyl ⁇ -aminopropyl trimethoxysilane sold under the name Dynasylan Damo by the company Degussa-Huels.
- Self-adhesion is evaluated by depositing, from a fraction of each composition, two cords about 5 mm thick on different supports.
- the length of each support, corresponding to the length of each bead deposited, is approximately 75 mm.
- the cords are left to crosslink for 7 days at 23 ° C. and at 50% relative humidity.
- the adhesion tests are carried out by peeling after immersion of the supports.
- the supports supporting the cords are immersed for 24 hours in a distilled water bath at 23 ° C.
- the supports are removed from the bath and allowed to dry for 24 hours at 23 ° C., before carrying out the adhesion test by peeling.
- the rupture is said to be adhesive; which means that the composition does not adhere to the support. In this case, we note - in the table of the corresponding results. If a continuous film of composition remains on the surface of the support, the rupture is said to be cohesive; which means that the composition adheres well to the support. In this case, we note + in the table of results.
- a fraction of the composition is spread with a doctor blade on a surface so as to produce a film 2 mm thick.
- the film is left to crosslink for 7 days at 23 ° C. and at a relative humidity of 50%.
- the film thus crosslinked is then introduced into an oven at 100 ° C for 7 days.
- the crosslinked film after its stay in the study, is placed on the spectrocolorimeter
- the measurement of the tack-free time is a measurement of the crosslinking time at the surface of the composition, at 23 ° C. and at a relative humidity of 50%.
- This tack-free time can generally be correlated with several parameters which are important for the user, such as in particular the time after which the surface of the composition is not deformed under the effect of a slight contact with the finger or else "n 'catches' the more dust in the surrounding air.
- This measurement is carried out according to standard ASTM C 679-87 (revised in 1992), using a "rectangular mass" of 17 g instead of 30 g.
- composition A The yellow index is very reduced for composition A, in comparison with that of composition B. On the other hand, good adhesion is obtained with composition A on all of the PVC supports.
- composition C containing an adhesion promoter consisting of an amino silane of type P1 and of an amino silane P2, it is found that the yellowing remains weak and that the time without tack is improved compared to those of compositions A and B. In addition, good adhesion to PVC substrates is obtained.
- Composition E is Composition E.
- Composition E is identical to composition D, except for the use of amine silane of type P1 without additional addition of silane of type P2. In this case, 2.3% by weight of amino silane reference Y-11637 from the company Osi Witco is added.
- Composition F is Composition F.
- Composition F is identical to composition D, with the exception of the addition of amino silanes of type P1 and P2.
- amino silane reference Y-11637 from the company Osi Witco is added and 0.2% of ⁇ -aminoethyl ⁇ -aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane sold under the name Dynasylan 1411 by the company Degussa-Huels .
- compositions E and F The yellow index is reduced for compositions E and F, in comparison with that of composition D. On the other hand, good adhesion is obtained with compositions E and F on all of the PVC supports.
- composition F containing both an adhesion promoter consisting of an amino silane of type P1 and an amino silane of type P2, there is also an improvement in the tack-free time compared with those of compositions D and E. Table 2.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU12835/01A AU1283501A (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Single-component polyorganosiloxane composition hardening into non-yellowing elastomer at room temperature in the presence of humidity |
EP00974592A EP1234002A1 (fr) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Composition polyorganosiloxane monocomposante durcissant en elastomere non jaunissant des la temperature ambiante en presence d'humidite |
CA002388687A CA2388687A1 (fr) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Composition polyorganosiloxane monocomposante durcissant en elastomere non jaunissant des la temperature ambiante en presence d'humidite |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9913516A FR2800381B1 (fr) | 1999-10-28 | 1999-10-28 | Composition polyorganosiloxane monocomposante durcissant en elastomere non jaunissant des la temperature ambiante en presence d'humidite |
FR99/13516 | 1999-10-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001030902A1 true WO2001030902A1 (fr) | 2001-05-03 |
Family
ID=9551488
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2000/003010 WO2001030902A1 (fr) | 1999-10-28 | 2000-10-27 | Composition polyorganosiloxane monocomposante durcissant en elastomere non jaunissant des la temperature ambiante en presence d'humidite |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1234002A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1384855A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU1283501A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2388687A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2800381B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001030902A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8476380B2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2013-07-02 | Momentive Performance Materials Japan Llc | Room temperature curable silicon group-containing polymer composition |
US10013705B2 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2018-07-03 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Increased visibility during order management in a network-based supply chain environment |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2880029B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-02-16 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Composition silicone non jaunissante |
CN110982448B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-02-02 | 广州市白云化工实业有限公司 | 增粘剂、脱醇型rtv硅橡胶及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0803527A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-15 | 1997-10-29 | Anna Czech | Aminopolysiloxanes contenant des groups 4-amino-3,3-dimethyl-butyl encombrées |
US5939574A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-08-17 | Witco Corporation | Aminosiloxanes with 4-amino-3,3-dialkylbutyl groups |
-
1999
- 1999-10-28 FR FR9913516A patent/FR2800381B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-10-27 CA CA002388687A patent/CA2388687A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-27 EP EP00974592A patent/EP1234002A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-27 AU AU12835/01A patent/AU1283501A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-27 CN CN00815110A patent/CN1384855A/zh active Pending
- 2000-10-27 WO PCT/FR2000/003010 patent/WO2001030902A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0803527A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-15 | 1997-10-29 | Anna Czech | Aminopolysiloxanes contenant des groups 4-amino-3,3-dimethyl-butyl encombrées |
US5939574A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1999-08-17 | Witco Corporation | Aminosiloxanes with 4-amino-3,3-dialkylbutyl groups |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10013705B2 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2018-07-03 | Accenture Global Services Limited | Increased visibility during order management in a network-based supply chain environment |
US8476380B2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2013-07-02 | Momentive Performance Materials Japan Llc | Room temperature curable silicon group-containing polymer composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1283501A (en) | 2001-05-08 |
CA2388687A1 (fr) | 2001-05-03 |
FR2800381B1 (fr) | 2001-12-07 |
CN1384855A (zh) | 2002-12-11 |
EP1234002A1 (fr) | 2002-08-28 |
FR2800381A1 (fr) | 2001-05-04 |
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